text: # Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation
  # All Rights Reserved
  # Copyright (c) 2012 NEC Corporation
  #
  #    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
  #    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
  #    a copy of the License at
  #
  #         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  #    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  #    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
  #    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
  #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
  #    under the License.
  #
  
  import copy
  import time
  
  from keystoneauth1 import loading as ks_loading
  from neutronclient.common import exceptions as neutron_client_exc
  from neutronclient.v2_0 import client as clientv20
  from oslo_log import log as logging
  from oslo_utils import excutils
  from oslo_utils import strutils
  from oslo_utils import uuidutils
  import six
  
  from nova.compute import utils as compute_utils
  import nova.conf
  from nova import exception
  from nova.i18n import _
  from nova.network import base_api
  from nova.network import model as network_model
  from nova.network.neutronv2 import constants
  from nova import objects
  from nova.objects import fields as obj_fields
  from nova.pci import manager as pci_manager
  from nova.pci import request as pci_request
  from nova.pci import utils as pci_utils
  from nova.pci import whitelist as pci_whitelist
  from nova.policies import servers as servers_policies
  from nova import profiler
  from nova import service_auth
  from nova import utils
  
  CONF = nova.conf.CONF
  
  LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  _SESSION = None
  _ADMIN_AUTH = None
  
  DEFAULT_SECGROUP = 'default'
  BINDING_PROFILE = 'binding:profile'
  BINDING_HOST_ID = 'binding:host_id'
  MIGRATING_ATTR = 'migrating_to'
  L3_NETWORK_TYPES = ['vxlan', 'gre', 'geneve']
  
  
  def reset_state():
      global _ADMIN_AUTH
      global _SESSION
  
      _ADMIN_AUTH = None
      _SESSION = None
  
  
  def _load_auth_plugin(conf):
      auth_plugin = ks_loading.load_auth_from_conf_options(conf,
                                      nova.conf.neutron.NEUTRON_GROUP)
  
      if auth_plugin:
          return auth_plugin
  
      if conf.neutron.auth_type is None:
          # If we're coming in through a REST API call for something like
          # creating a server, the end user is going to get a 500 response
          # which is accurate since the system is mis-configured, but we should
          # leave a breadcrumb for the operator that is checking the logs.
          LOG.error('The [neutron] section of your nova configuration file '
                    'must be configured for authentication with the networking '
                    'service endpoint. See the networking service install guide '
                    'for details: '
                    'https://docs.openstack.org/neutron/latest/install/')
      err_msg = _('Unknown auth type: %s') % conf.neutron.auth_type
      raise neutron_client_exc.Unauthorized(message=err_msg)
  
  
  def _get_binding_profile(port):
      """Convenience method to get the binding:profile from the port
  
      The binding:profile in the port is undefined in the networking service
      API and is dependent on backend configuration. This means it could be
      an empty dict, None, or have some values.
  
      :param port: dict port response body from the networking service API
      :returns: The port binding:profile dict; empty if not set on the port
      """
      return port.get(BINDING_PROFILE, {}) or {}
  
  
  @profiler.trace_cls("neutron_api")
  class ClientWrapper(clientv20.Client):
      """A Neutron client wrapper class.
  
      Wraps the callable methods, catches Unauthorized,Forbidden from Neutron and
      convert it to a 401,403 for Nova clients.
      """
      def __init__(self, base_client, admin):
          # Expose all attributes from the base_client instance
          self.__dict__ = base_client.__dict__
          self.base_client = base_client
          self.admin = admin
  
      def __getattribute__(self, name):
          obj = object.__getattribute__(self, name)
          if callable(obj):
              obj = object.__getattribute__(self, 'proxy')(obj)
          return obj
  
      def proxy(self, obj):
          def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
              try:
                  ret = obj(*args, **kwargs)
              except neutron_client_exc.Unauthorized:
                  if not self.admin:
                      # Token is expired so Neutron is raising a
                      # unauthorized exception, we should convert it to
                      # raise a 401 to make client to handle a retry by
                      # regenerating a valid token and trying a new
                      # attempt.
                      raise exception.Unauthorized()
                  # In admin context if token is invalid Neutron client
                  # should be able to regenerate a valid by using the
                  # Neutron admin credential configuration located in
                  # nova.conf.
                  LOG.error("Neutron client was not able to generate a "
                            "valid admin token, please verify Neutron "
                            "admin credential located in nova.conf")
                  raise exception.NeutronAdminCredentialConfigurationInvalid()
              except neutron_client_exc.Forbidden as e:
                  raise exception.Forbidden(six.text_type(e))
              return ret
          return wrapper
  
  
  def _get_auth_plugin(context, admin=False):
      # NOTE(dprince): In the case where no auth_token is present we allow use of
      # neutron admin tenant credentials if it is an admin context.  This is to
      # support some services (metadata API) where an admin context is used
      # without an auth token.
      global _ADMIN_AUTH
      if admin or (context.is_admin and not context.auth_token):
          if not _ADMIN_AUTH:
              _ADMIN_AUTH = _load_auth_plugin(CONF)
          return _ADMIN_AUTH
  
      if context.auth_token:
          return service_auth.get_auth_plugin(context)
  
      # We did not get a user token and we should not be using
      # an admin token so log an error
      raise exception.Unauthorized()
  
  
  def _get_session():
      global _SESSION
      if not _SESSION:
          _SESSION = ks_loading.load_session_from_conf_options(
              CONF, nova.conf.neutron.NEUTRON_GROUP)
      return _SESSION
  
  
  def get_client(context, admin=False):
      auth_plugin = _get_auth_plugin(context, admin=admin)
      session = _get_session()
      client_args = dict(session=session,
                         auth=auth_plugin,
                         global_request_id=context.global_request_id)
  
      if CONF.neutron.url:
          # TODO(efried): Remove in Rocky
          client_args = dict(client_args,
                             endpoint_override=CONF.neutron.url,
                             # NOTE(efried): The legacy behavior was to default
                             # region_name in the conf.
                             region_name=CONF.neutron.region_name or 'RegionOne')
      else:
          # The new way
          # NOTE(efried): We build an adapter
          #               to pull conf options
          #               to pass to neutronclient
          #               which uses them to build an Adapter.
          # This should be unwound at some point.
          adap = utils.get_ksa_adapter(
              'network', ksa_auth=auth_plugin, ksa_session=session)
          client_args = dict(client_args,
                             service_type=adap.service_type,
                             service_name=adap.service_name,
                             interface=adap.interface,
                             region_name=adap.region_name,
                             endpoint_override=adap.endpoint_override)
  
      return ClientWrapper(clientv20.Client(**client_args),
                           admin=admin or context.is_admin)
  
  
  def _get_ksa_client(context, admin=False):
      """Returns a keystoneauth Adapter
  
      This method should only be used if python-neutronclient does not yet
      provide the necessary API bindings.
  
      :param context: User request context
      :param admin: If True, uses the configured credentials, else uses the
          existing auth_token in the context (the user token).
      :returns: keystoneauth1 Adapter object
      """
      auth_plugin = _get_auth_plugin(context, admin=admin)
      session = _get_session()
      client = utils.get_ksa_adapter(
          'network', ksa_auth=auth_plugin, ksa_session=session)
      client.additional_headers = {'accept': 'application/json'}
      return client
  
  
  def _is_not_duplicate(item, items, items_list_name, instance):
      present = item in items
  
      # The expectation from this function's perspective is that the
      # item is not part of the items list so if it is part of it
      # we should at least log it as a warning
      if present:
          LOG.warning("%(item)s already exists in list: %(list_name)s "
                      "containing: %(items)s. ignoring it",
                      {'item': item,
                       'list_name': items_list_name,
                       'items': items},
                      instance=instance)
  
      return not present
  
  
  def _ensure_no_port_binding_failure(port):
      binding_vif_type = port.get('binding:vif_type')
      if binding_vif_type == network_model.VIF_TYPE_BINDING_FAILED:
          raise exception.PortBindingFailed(port_id=port['id'])
  
  
  def _filter_hypervisor_macs(instance, requested_ports_dict, hypervisor_macs):
      """Removes macs from set if used by existing ports
  
      :param instance: The server instance.
      :type instance: nova.objects.instance.Instance
      :param requested_ports_dict: dict, keyed by port ID, of ports requested by
          the user
      :type requested_ports_dict: dict
      :param hypervisor_macs: None or a set of MAC addresses that the
          instance should use. hypervisor_macs are supplied by the hypervisor
          driver (contrast with requested_networks which is user supplied).
          NB: NeutronV2 currently assigns hypervisor supplied MAC addresses
          to arbitrary networks, which requires openflow switches to
          function correctly if more than one network is being used with
          the bare metal hypervisor (which is the only one known to limit
          MAC addresses).
      :type hypervisor_macs: set
      :returns a set of available MAC addresses to use if
              creating a port later; this is the set of hypervisor_macs
              after removing any MAC addresses from explicitly
              requested ports.
      """
      if not hypervisor_macs:
          return None
  
      # Make a copy we can mutate: records macs that have not been used
      # to create a port on a network. If we find a mac with a
      # pre-allocated port we also remove it from this set.
      available_macs = set(hypervisor_macs)
      if not requested_ports_dict:
          return available_macs
  
      for port in requested_ports_dict.values():
          mac = port['mac_address']
          if mac not in hypervisor_macs:
              LOG.debug("Port %(port)s mac address %(mac)s is "
                        "not in the set of hypervisor macs: "
                        "%(hyper_macs)s. Nova will overwrite "
                        "this with a new mac address.",
                        {'port': port['id'],
                         'mac': mac,
                         'hyper_macs': hypervisor_macs},
                        instance=instance)
          else:
              # Don't try to use this MAC if we need to create a
              # port on the fly later. Identical MACs may be
              # configured by users into multiple ports so we
              # discard rather than popping.
              available_macs.discard(mac)
  
      return available_macs
  
  
  class API(base_api.NetworkAPI):
      """API for interacting with the neutron 2.x API."""
  
      def __init__(self):
          super(API, self).__init__()
          self.last_neutron_extension_sync = None
          self.extensions = {}
          self.pci_whitelist = pci_whitelist.Whitelist(
              CONF.pci.passthrough_whitelist)
  
      def _update_port_with_migration_profile(
              self, instance, port_id, port_profile, admin_client):
          try:
              updated_port = admin_client.update_port(
                  port_id, {'port': {BINDING_PROFILE: port_profile}})
              return updated_port
          except Exception as ex:
              with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                  LOG.error("Unable to update binding profile "
                            "for port: %(port)s due to failure: %(error)s",
                            {'port': port_id, 'error': ex},
                            instance=instance)
  
      def _clear_migration_port_profile(
              self, context, instance, admin_client, ports):
          for p in ports:
              # If the port already has a migration profile and if
              # it is to be torn down, then we need to clean up
              # the migration profile.
              port_profile = _get_binding_profile(p)
              if not port_profile:
                  continue
              if MIGRATING_ATTR in port_profile:
                  del port_profile[MIGRATING_ATTR]
                  LOG.debug("Removing port %s migration profile", p['id'],
                            instance=instance)
                  self._update_port_with_migration_profile(
                      instance, p['id'], port_profile, admin_client)
  
      def _setup_migration_port_profile(
              self, context, instance, host, admin_client, ports):
          # Migrating to a new host
          for p in ports:
              # If the host hasn't changed, there is nothing to do.
              # But if the destination host is different than the
              # current one, please update the port_profile with
              # the 'migrating_to'(MIGRATING_ATTR) key pointing to
              # the given 'host'.
              host_id = p.get(BINDING_HOST_ID)
              if host_id != host:
                  port_profile = _get_binding_profile(p)
                  # If the "migrating_to" attribute already points at the given
                  # host, then skip the port update call since we're not changing
                  # anything.
                  if host != port_profile.get(MIGRATING_ATTR):
                      port_profile[MIGRATING_ATTR] = host
                      self._update_port_with_migration_profile(
                          instance, p['id'], port_profile, admin_client)
                      LOG.debug("Port %(port_id)s updated with migration "
                                "profile %(profile_data)s successfully",
                                {'port_id': p['id'],
                                 'profile_data': port_profile},
                                instance=instance)
  
      def setup_networks_on_host(self, context, instance, host=None,
                                 teardown=False):
          """Setup or teardown the network structures.
  
          :param context: The user request context.
          :param instance: The instance with attached ports.
          :param host: Optional host used to control the setup. If provided and
              is not the same as the current instance.host, this method assumes
              the instance is being migrated and sets the "migrating_to"
              attribute in the binding profile for the attached ports.
          :param teardown: Whether or not network information for the ports
              should be cleaned up. If True, at a minimum the "migrating_to"
              attribute is cleared in the binding profile for the ports. If a
              host is also provided, then port bindings for that host are
              deleted when teardown is True as long as the host does not match
              the current instance.host.
          :raises: nova.exception.PortBindingDeletionFailed if host is not None,
              teardown is True, and port binding deletion fails.
          """
          # Check if the instance is migrating to a new host.
          port_migrating = host and (instance.host != host)
          # If the port is migrating to a new host or if it is a
          # teardown on the original host, then proceed.
          if port_migrating or teardown:
              search_opts = {'device_id': instance.uuid,
                             'tenant_id': instance.project_id,
                             BINDING_HOST_ID: instance.host}
              # Now get the port details to process the ports
              # binding profile info.
              data = self.list_ports(context, **search_opts)
              ports = data['ports']
              admin_client = get_client(context, admin=True)
              if teardown:
                  # Reset the port profile
                  self._clear_migration_port_profile(
                      context, instance, admin_client, ports)
                  # If a host was provided, delete any bindings between that
                  # host and the ports as long as the host isn't the same as
                  # the current instance.host.
                  has_binding_ext = self.supports_port_binding_extension(context)
                  if port_migrating and has_binding_ext:
                      # Attempt to delete all port bindings on the host and raise
                      # any errors at the end.
                      failed_port_ids = []
                      for port in ports:
                          # This call is safe in that 404s for non-existing
                          # bindings are ignored.
                          try:
                              self.delete_port_binding(
                                  context, port['id'], host)
                          except exception.PortBindingDeletionFailed:
                              # delete_port_binding will log an error for each
                              # failure but since we're iterating a list we want
                              # to keep track of all failures to build a generic
                              # exception to raise
                              failed_port_ids.append(port['id'])
                      if failed_port_ids:
                          msg = (_("Failed to delete binding for port(s) "
                                   "%(port_ids)s and host %(host)s.") %
                                 {'port_ids': ','.join(failed_port_ids),
                                  'host': host})
                          raise exception.PortBindingDeletionFailed(msg)
              elif port_migrating:
                  # Setup the port profile
                  self._setup_migration_port_profile(
                      context, instance, host, admin_client, ports)
  
      def _get_available_networks(self, context, project_id,
                                  net_ids=None, neutron=None,
                                  auto_allocate=False):
          """Return a network list available for the tenant.
          The list contains networks owned by the tenant and public networks.
          If net_ids specified, it searches networks with requested IDs only.
          """
          if not neutron:
              neutron = get_client(context)
  
          if net_ids:
              # If user has specified to attach instance only to specific
              # networks then only add these to **search_opts. This search will
              # also include 'shared' networks.
              search_opts = {'id': net_ids}
              nets = neutron.list_networks(**search_opts).get('networks', [])
          else:
              # (1) Retrieve non-public network list owned by the tenant.
              search_opts = {'tenant_id': project_id, 'shared': False}
              if auto_allocate:
                  # The auto-allocated-topology extension may create complex
                  # network topologies and it does so in a non-transactional
                  # fashion. Therefore API users may be exposed to resources that
                  # are transient or partially built. A client should use
                  # resources that are meant to be ready and this can be done by
                  # checking their admin_state_up flag.
                  search_opts['admin_state_up'] = True
              nets = neutron.list_networks(**search_opts).get('networks', [])
              # (2) Retrieve public network list.
              search_opts = {'shared': True}
              nets += neutron.list_networks(**search_opts).get('networks', [])
  
          _ensure_requested_network_ordering(
              lambda x: x['id'],
              nets,
              net_ids)
  
          return nets
  
      def _create_port_minimal(self, port_client, instance, network_id,
                               fixed_ip=None, security_group_ids=None):
          """Attempts to create a port for the instance on the given network.
  
          :param port_client: The client to use to create the port.
          :param instance: Create the port for the given instance.
          :param network_id: Create the port on the given network.
          :param fixed_ip: Optional fixed IP to use from the given network.
          :param security_group_ids: Optional list of security group IDs to
              apply to the port.
          :returns: The created port.
          :raises PortLimitExceeded: If neutron fails with an OverQuota error.
          :raises NoMoreFixedIps: If neutron fails with
              IpAddressGenerationFailure error.
          :raises: PortBindingFailed: If port binding failed.
          """
          # Set the device_id so it's clear who this port was created for,
          # and to stop other instances trying to use it
          port_req_body = {'port': {'device_id': instance.uuid}}
          try:
              if fixed_ip:
                  port_req_body['port']['fixed_ips'] = [
                      {'ip_address': str(fixed_ip)}]
              port_req_body['port']['network_id'] = network_id
              port_req_body['port']['admin_state_up'] = True
              port_req_body['port']['tenant_id'] = instance.project_id
              if security_group_ids:
                  port_req_body['port']['security_groups'] = security_group_ids
  
              port_response = port_client.create_port(port_req_body)
  
              port = port_response['port']
              port_id = port['id']
              try:
                  _ensure_no_port_binding_failure(port)
              except exception.PortBindingFailed:
                  with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                      port_client.delete_port(port_id)
  
              LOG.debug('Successfully created port: %s', port_id,
                        instance=instance)
              return port
          except neutron_client_exc.InvalidIpForNetworkClient:
              LOG.warning('Neutron error: %(ip)s is not a valid IP address '
                          'for network %(network_id)s.',
                          {'ip': fixed_ip, 'network_id': network_id},
                          instance=instance)
              msg = (_('Fixed IP %(ip)s is not a valid ip address for '
                       'network %(network_id)s.') %
                     {'ip': fixed_ip, 'network_id': network_id})
              raise exception.InvalidInput(reason=msg)
          except (neutron_client_exc.IpAddressInUseClient,
                  neutron_client_exc.IpAddressAlreadyAllocatedClient):
              LOG.warning('Neutron error: Fixed IP %s is '
                          'already in use.', fixed_ip, instance=instance)
              msg = _("Fixed IP %s is already in use.") % fixed_ip
              raise exception.FixedIpAlreadyInUse(message=msg)
          except neutron_client_exc.OverQuotaClient:
              LOG.warning(
                  'Neutron error: Port quota exceeded in tenant: %s',
                  port_req_body['port']['tenant_id'], instance=instance)
              raise exception.PortLimitExceeded()
          except neutron_client_exc.IpAddressGenerationFailureClient:
              LOG.warning('Neutron error: No more fixed IPs in network: %s',
                          network_id, instance=instance)
              raise exception.NoMoreFixedIps(net=network_id)
          except neutron_client_exc.NeutronClientException:
              with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                  LOG.exception('Neutron error creating port on network %s',
                                network_id, instance=instance)
  
      def _update_port(self, port_client, instance, port_id,
                       port_req_body):
          try:
              port_response = port_client.update_port(port_id, port_req_body)
              port = port_response['port']
              _ensure_no_port_binding_failure(port)
              LOG.debug('Successfully updated port: %s', port_id,
                        instance=instance)
              return port
          except neutron_client_exc.MacAddressInUseClient:
              mac_address = port_req_body['port'].get('mac_address')
              network_id = port_req_body['port'].get('network_id')
              LOG.warning('Neutron error: MAC address %(mac)s is already '
                          'in use on network %(network)s.',
                          {'mac': mac_address, 'network': network_id},
                          instance=instance)
              raise exception.PortInUse(port_id=mac_address)
          except neutron_client_exc.HostNotCompatibleWithFixedIpsClient:
              network_id = port_req_body['port'].get('network_id')
              LOG.warning('Neutron error: Tried to bind a port with '
                          'fixed_ips to a host in the wrong segment on '
                          'network %(network)s.',
                          {'network': network_id}, instance=instance)
              raise exception.FixedIpInvalidOnHost(port_id=port_id)
  
      @staticmethod
      def _populate_mac_address(instance, port_req_body, available_macs):
          # NOTE(johngarbutt) On port_update, this will cause us to override
          # any previous mac address the port may have had.
          if available_macs is not None:
              if not available_macs:
                  raise exception.PortNotFree(
                      instance=instance.uuid)
              mac_address = available_macs.pop()
              port_req_body['port']['mac_address'] = mac_address
              return mac_address
  
      def _check_external_network_attach(self, context, nets):
          """Check if attaching to external network is permitted."""
          if not context.can(servers_policies.NETWORK_ATTACH_EXTERNAL,
                             fatal=False):
              for net in nets:
                  # Perform this check here rather than in validate_networks to
                  # ensure the check is performed every time
                  # allocate_for_instance is invoked
                  if net.get('router:external') and not net.get('shared'):
                      raise exception.ExternalNetworkAttachForbidden(
                          network_uuid=net['id'])
  
      def _unbind_ports(self, context, ports,
                        neutron, port_client=None):
          """Unbind the given ports by clearing their device_id and
          device_owner.
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param ports: list of port IDs.
          :param neutron: neutron client for the current context.
          :param port_client: The client with appropriate karma for
              updating the ports.
          """
          if port_client is None:
              # Requires admin creds to set port bindings
              port_client = get_client(context, admin=True)
          for port_id in ports:
              # A port_id is optional in the NetworkRequest object so check here
              # in case the caller forgot to filter the list.
              if port_id is None:
                  continue
              port_req_body = {'port': {'device_id': '', 'device_owner': ''}}
              port_req_body['port'][BINDING_HOST_ID] = None
              try:
                  port = self._show_port(context, port_id,
                                         neutron_client=neutron,
                                         fields=BINDING_PROFILE)
              except exception.PortNotFound:
                  LOG.debug('Unable to show port %s as it no longer '
                            'exists.', port_id)
                  return
              except Exception:
                  # NOTE: In case we can't retrieve the binding:profile assume
                  # that they are empty
                  LOG.exception("Unable to get binding:profile for port '%s'",
                                port_id)
                  port_profile = {}
              else:
                  port_profile = port.get(BINDING_PROFILE, {})
  
              # NOTE: We're doing this to remove the binding information
              # for the physical device but don't want to overwrite the other
              # information in the binding profile.
              for profile_key in ('pci_vendor_info', 'pci_slot'):
                  if profile_key in port_profile:
                      del port_profile[profile_key]
              port_req_body['port'][BINDING_PROFILE] = port_profile
              if self._has_dns_extension():
                  port_req_body['port']['dns_name'] = ''
  
              try:
                  port_client.update_port(port_id, port_req_body)
              except neutron_client_exc.PortNotFoundClient:
                  LOG.debug('Unable to unbind port %s as it no longer '
                            'exists.', port_id)
              except Exception:
                  LOG.exception("Unable to clear device ID for port '%s'",
                                port_id)
  
      def _validate_requested_port_ids(self, context, instance, neutron,
                                       requested_networks, attach=False):
          """Processes and validates requested networks for allocation.
  
          Iterates over the list of NetworkRequest objects, validating the
          request and building sets of ports and networks to
          use for allocating ports for the instance.
  
          :param context: The user request context.
          :type context: nova.context.RequestContext
          :param instance: allocate networks on this instance
          :type instance: nova.objects.Instance
          :param neutron: neutron client session
          :type neutron: neutronclient.v2_0.client.Client
          :param requested_networks: List of user-requested networks and/or ports
          :type requested_networks: nova.objects.NetworkRequestList
          :param attach: Boolean indicating if a port is being attached to an
              existing running instance. Should be False during server create.
          :type attach: bool
          :returns: tuple of:
              - ports: dict mapping of port id to port dict
              - ordered_networks: list of nova.objects.NetworkRequest objects
                  for requested networks (either via explicit network request
                  or the network for an explicit port request)
          :raises nova.exception.PortNotFound: If a requested port is not found
              in Neutron.
          :raises nova.exception.PortNotUsable: If a requested port is not owned
              by the same tenant that the instance is created under.
          :raises nova.exception.PortInUse: If a requested port is already
              attached to another instance.
          :raises nova.exception.PortNotUsableDNS: If a requested port has a
              value assigned to its dns_name attribute.
          :raises nova.exception.AttachSRIOVPortNotSupported: If a requested port
              is an SR-IOV port and ``attach=True``.
          """
          ports = {}
          ordered_networks = []
          # If we're asked to auto-allocate the network then there won't be any
          # ports or real neutron networks to lookup, so just return empty
          # results.
          if requested_networks and not requested_networks.auto_allocate:
              for request in requested_networks:
  
                  # Process a request to use a pre-existing neutron port.
                  if request.port_id:
                      # Make sure the port exists.
                      port = self._show_port(context, request.port_id,
                                             neutron_client=neutron)
                      # Make sure the instance has access to the port.
                      if port['tenant_id'] != instance.project_id:
                          raise exception.PortNotUsable(port_id=request.port_id,
                                                        instance=instance.uuid)
  
                      # Make sure the port isn't already attached to another
                      # instance.
                      if port.get('device_id'):
                          raise exception.PortInUse(port_id=request.port_id)
  
                      # Make sure that if the user assigned a value to the port's
                      # dns_name attribute, it is equal to the instance's
                      # hostname
                      if port.get('dns_name'):
                          if port['dns_name'] != instance.hostname:
                              raise exception.PortNotUsableDNS(
                                  port_id=request.port_id,
                                  instance=instance.uuid, value=port['dns_name'],
                                  hostname=instance.hostname)
  
                      # Make sure the port is usable
                      _ensure_no_port_binding_failure(port)
  
                      # Make sure the port can be attached.
                      if attach:
                          # SR-IOV port attach is not supported.
                          vnic_type = port.get('binding:vnic_type',
                                               network_model.VNIC_TYPE_NORMAL)
                          if vnic_type in network_model.VNIC_TYPES_SRIOV:
                              raise exception.AttachSRIOVPortNotSupported(
                                  port_id=port['id'],
                                  instance_uuid=instance.uuid)
  
                      # If requesting a specific port, automatically process
                      # the network for that port as if it were explicitly
                      # requested.
                      request.network_id = port['network_id']
                      ports[request.port_id] = port
  
                  # Process a request to use a specific neutron network.
                  if request.network_id:
                      ordered_networks.append(request)
  
          return ports, ordered_networks
  
      def _clean_security_groups(self, security_groups):
          """Cleans security groups requested from Nova API
  
          Neutron already passes a 'default' security group when
          creating ports so it's not necessary to specify it to the
          request.
          """
          if not security_groups:
              security_groups = []
          elif security_groups == [DEFAULT_SECGROUP]:
              security_groups = []
          return security_groups
  
      def _process_security_groups(self, instance, neutron, security_groups):
          """Processes and validates requested security groups for allocation.
  
          Iterates over the list of requested security groups, validating the
          request and filtering out the list of security group IDs to use for
          port allocation.
  
          :param instance: allocate networks on this instance
          :type instance: nova.objects.Instance
          :param neutron: neutron client session
          :type neutron: neutronclient.v2_0.client.Client
          :param security_groups: list of requested security group name or IDs
              to use when allocating new ports for the instance
          :return: list of security group IDs to use when allocating new ports
          :raises nova.exception.NoUniqueMatch: If multiple security groups
              are requested with the same name.
          :raises nova.exception.SecurityGroupNotFound: If a requested security
              group is not in the tenant-filtered list of available security
              groups in Neutron.
          """
          security_group_ids = []
          # TODO(arosen) Should optimize more to do direct query for security
          # group if len(security_groups) == 1
          if len(security_groups):
              search_opts = {'tenant_id': instance.project_id}
              user_security_groups = neutron.list_security_groups(
                  **search_opts).get('security_groups')
  
              for security_group in security_groups:
                  name_match = None
                  uuid_match = None
                  for user_security_group in user_security_groups:
                      if user_security_group['name'] == security_group:
                          # If there was a name match in a previous iteration
                          # of the loop, we have a conflict.
                          if name_match:
                              raise exception.NoUniqueMatch(
                                  _("Multiple security groups found matching"
                                    " '%s'. Use an ID to be more specific.") %
                                     security_group)
  
                          name_match = user_security_group['id']
  
                      if user_security_group['id'] == security_group:
                          uuid_match = user_security_group['id']
  
                  # If a user names the security group the same as
                  # another's security groups uuid, the name takes priority.
                  if name_match:
                      security_group_ids.append(name_match)
                  elif uuid_match:
                      security_group_ids.append(uuid_match)
                  else:
                      raise exception.SecurityGroupNotFound(
                          security_group_id=security_group)
  
          return security_group_ids
  
      def _validate_requested_network_ids(self, context, instance, neutron,
              requested_networks, ordered_networks):
          """Check requested networks using the Neutron API.
  
          Check the user has access to the network they requested, and that
          it is a suitable network to connect to. This includes getting the
          network details for any ports that have been passed in, because the
          request will have been updated with the network_id in
          _validate_requested_port_ids.
  
          If the user has not requested any ports or any networks, we get back
          a full list of networks the user has access to, and if there is only
          one network, we update ordered_networks so we will connect the
          instance to that network.
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param instance: nova.objects.instance.Instance object.
          :param neutron: neutron client
          :param requested_networks: nova.objects.NetworkRequestList, list of
              user-requested networks and/or ports; may be empty
          :param ordered_networks: output from _validate_requested_port_ids
              that will be used to create and update ports
          :returns: dict, keyed by network ID, of networks to use
          :raises InterfaceAttachFailedNoNetwork: If no specific networks were
              requested and none are available.
          :raises NetworkAmbiguous: If no specific networks were requested but
              more than one is available.
          :raises ExternalNetworkAttachForbidden: If the policy rules forbid
              the request context from using an external non-shared network but
              one was requested (or available).
          """
  
          # Get networks from Neutron
          # If net_ids is empty, this actually returns all available nets
          auto_allocate = requested_networks and requested_networks.auto_allocate
          net_ids = [request.network_id for request in ordered_networks]
          nets = self._get_available_networks(context, instance.project_id,
                                              net_ids, neutron=neutron,
                                              auto_allocate=auto_allocate)
          if not nets:
  
              if requested_networks:
                  # There are no networks available for the project to use and
                  # none specifically requested, so check to see if we're asked
                  # to auto-allocate the network.
                  if auto_allocate:
                      # During validate_networks we checked to see if
                      # auto-allocation is available so we don't need to do that
                      # again here.
                      nets = [self._auto_allocate_network(instance, neutron)]
                  else:
                      # NOTE(chaochin): If user specifies a network id and the
                      # network can not be found, raise NetworkNotFound error.
                      for request in requested_networks:
                          if not request.port_id and request.network_id:
                              raise exception.NetworkNotFound(
                                  network_id=request.network_id)
              else:
                  # no requested nets and user has no available nets
                  return {}
  
          # if this function is directly called without a requested_network param
          # or if it is indirectly called through allocate_port_for_instance()
          # with None params=(network_id=None, requested_ip=None, port_id=None,
          # pci_request_id=None):
          if (not requested_networks
              or requested_networks.is_single_unspecified
              or requested_networks.auto_allocate):
              # If no networks were requested and none are available, consider
              # it a bad request.
              if not nets:
                  raise exception.InterfaceAttachFailedNoNetwork(
                      project_id=instance.project_id)
              # bug/1267723 - if no network is requested and more
              # than one is available then raise NetworkAmbiguous Exception
              if len(nets) > 1:
                  msg = _("Multiple possible networks found, use a Network "
                           "ID to be more specific.")
                  raise exception.NetworkAmbiguous(msg)
              ordered_networks.append(
                  objects.NetworkRequest(network_id=nets[0]['id']))
  
          # NOTE(melwitt): check external net attach permission after the
          #                check for ambiguity, there could be another
          #                available net which is permitted bug/1364344
          self._check_external_network_attach(context, nets)
  
          return {net['id']: net for net in nets}
  
      def _create_ports_for_instance(self, context, instance, ordered_networks,
              nets, neutron, security_group_ids):
          """Create port for network_requests that don't have a port_id
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param instance: nova.objects.instance.Instance object.
          :param ordered_networks: objects.NetworkRequestList in requested order
          :param nets: a dict of network_id to networks returned from neutron
          :param neutron: neutronclient built from users request context
          :param security_group_ids: a list of security group IDs to be applied
              to any ports created
          :returns a list of pairs (NetworkRequest, created_port_uuid); note that
              created_port_uuid will be None for the pair where a pre-existing
              port was part of the user request
          """
          created_port_ids = []
          requests_and_created_ports = []
          for request in ordered_networks:
              network = nets.get(request.network_id)
              # if network_id did not pass validate_networks() and not available
              # here then skip it safely not continuing with a None Network
              if not network:
                  continue
  
              try:
                  port_security_enabled = network.get(
                      'port_security_enabled', True)
                  if port_security_enabled:
                      if not network.get('subnets'):
                          # Neutron can't apply security groups to a port
                          # for a network without L3 assignments.
                          LOG.debug('Network with port security enabled does '
                                    'not have subnets so security groups '
                                    'cannot be applied: %s',
                                    network, instance=instance)
                          raise exception.SecurityGroupCannotBeApplied()
                  else:
                      if security_group_ids:
                          # We don't want to apply security groups on port
                          # for a network defined with
                          # 'port_security_enabled=False'.
                          LOG.debug('Network has port security disabled so '
                                    'security groups cannot be applied: %s',
                                    network, instance=instance)
                          raise exception.SecurityGroupCannotBeApplied()
  
                  created_port_id = None
                  if not request.port_id:
                      # create minimal port, if port not already created by user
                      created_port = self._create_port_minimal(
                              neutron, instance, request.network_id,
                              request.address, security_group_ids)
                      created_port_id = created_port['id']
                      created_port_ids.append(created_port_id)
  
                  requests_and_created_ports.append((
                      request, created_port_id))
  
              except Exception:
                  with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                      if created_port_ids:
                          self._delete_ports(
                              neutron, instance, created_port_ids)
  
          return requests_and_created_ports
  
      def allocate_for_instance(self, context, instance, vpn,
                                requested_networks, macs=None,
                                security_groups=None, bind_host_id=None,
                                attach=False):
          """Allocate network resources for the instance.
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param instance: nova.objects.instance.Instance object.
          :param vpn: A boolean, ignored by this driver.
          :param requested_networks: objects.NetworkRequestList object.
          :param macs: None or a set of MAC addresses that the instance
              should use. macs is supplied by the hypervisor driver (contrast
              with requested_networks which is user supplied).
              NB: NeutronV2 currently assigns hypervisor supplied MAC addresses
              to arbitrary networks, which requires openflow switches to
              function correctly if more than one network is being used with
              the bare metal hypervisor (which is the only one known to limit
              MAC addresses).
          :param security_groups: None or security groups to allocate for
              instance.
          :param bind_host_id: the host ID to attach to the ports being created.
          :param attach: Boolean indicating if a port is being attached to an
              existing running instance. Should be False during server create.
          :returns: network info as from get_instance_nw_info()
          """
          LOG.debug('allocate_for_instance()', instance=instance)
          if not instance.project_id:
              msg = _('empty project id for instance %s')
              raise exception.InvalidInput(
                  reason=msg % instance.uuid)
  
          # We do not want to create a new neutron session for each call
          neutron = get_client(context)
  
          #
          # Validate ports and networks with neutron. The requested_ports_dict
          # variable is a dict, keyed by port ID, of ports that were on the user
          # request and may be empty. The ordered_networks variable is a list of
          # NetworkRequest objects for any networks or ports specifically
          # requested by the user, which again may be empty.
          #
          requested_ports_dict, ordered_networks = (
              self._validate_requested_port_ids(
                  context, instance, neutron, requested_networks, attach=attach))
  
          nets = self._validate_requested_network_ids(
              context, instance, neutron, requested_networks, ordered_networks)
          if not nets:
              LOG.debug("No network configured", instance=instance)
              return network_model.NetworkInfo([])
  
          # Validate requested security groups
          security_groups = self._clean_security_groups(security_groups)
          security_group_ids = self._process_security_groups(
                                      instance, neutron, security_groups)
  
          # Create ports from the list of ordered_networks. The returned
          # requests_and_created_ports variable is a list of 2-item tuples of
          # the form (NetworkRequest, created_port_id). Note that a tuple pair
          # will have None for the created_port_id if the NetworkRequest already
          # contains a port_id, meaning the user requested a specific
          # pre-existing port so one wasn't created here. The ports will be
          # updated later in _update_ports_for_instance to be bound to the
          # instance and compute host.
          requests_and_created_ports = self._create_ports_for_instance(
              context, instance, ordered_networks, nets, neutron,
              security_group_ids)
  
          #
          # Update existing and newly created ports
          #
          available_macs = _filter_hypervisor_macs(
              instance, requested_ports_dict, macs)
  
          # We always need admin_client to build nw_info,
          # we sometimes need it when updating ports
          admin_client = get_client(context, admin=True)
  
          ordered_nets, ordered_port_ids, preexisting_port_ids, \
              created_port_ids = self._update_ports_for_instance(
                  context, instance,
                  neutron, admin_client, requests_and_created_ports, nets,
                  bind_host_id, available_macs, requested_ports_dict)
  
          #
          # Perform a full update of the network_info_cache,
          # including re-fetching lots of the required data from neutron
          #
          nw_info = self.get_instance_nw_info(
              context, instance, networks=ordered_nets,
              port_ids=ordered_port_ids,
              admin_client=admin_client,
              preexisting_port_ids=preexisting_port_ids,
              update_cells=True)
          # Only return info about ports we processed in this run, which might
          # have been pre-existing neutron ports or ones that nova created. In
          # the initial allocation case (server create), this will be everything
          # we processed, and in later runs will only be what was processed that
          # time. For example, if the instance was created with port A and
          # then port B was attached in this call, only port B would be returned.
          # Thus, this filtering only affects the attach case.
          return network_model.NetworkInfo([vif for vif in nw_info
                                            if vif['id'] in created_port_ids +
                                            preexisting_port_ids])
  
      def _update_ports_for_instance(self, context, instance, neutron,
              admin_client, requests_and_created_ports, nets,
              bind_host_id, available_macs, requested_ports_dict):
          """Update ports from network_requests.
  
          Updates the pre-existing ports and the ones created in
          ``_create_ports_for_instance`` with ``device_id``, ``device_owner``,
          optionally ``mac_address`` and, depending on the
          loaded extensions, ``rxtx_factor``, ``binding:host_id``, ``dns_name``.
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param instance: nova.objects.instance.Instance object.
          :param neutron: client using user context
          :param admin_client: client using admin context
          :param requests_and_created_ports: [(NetworkRequest, created_port_id)];
              Note that created_port_id will be None for any user-requested
              pre-existing port.
          :param nets: a dict of network_id to networks returned from neutron
          :param bind_host_id: a string for port['binding:host_id']
          :param available_macs: a list of available mac addresses
          :param requested_ports_dict: dict, keyed by port ID, of ports requested
              by the user
          :returns: tuple with the following::
  
              * list of network dicts in their requested order
              * list of port IDs in their requested order - note that does not
                mean the port was requested by the user, it could be a port
                created on a network requested by the user
              * list of pre-existing port IDs requested by the user
              * list of created port IDs
          """
  
          # We currently require admin creds to set port bindings.
          port_client = admin_client
  
          preexisting_port_ids = []
          created_port_ids = []
          ports_in_requested_order = []
          nets_in_requested_order = []
          created_vifs = []   # this list is for cleanups if we fail
          for request, created_port_id in requests_and_created_ports:
              vifobj = objects.VirtualInterface(context)
              vifobj.instance_uuid = instance.uuid
              vifobj.tag = request.tag if 'tag' in request else None
  
              network = nets.get(request.network_id)
              # if network_id did not pass validate_networks() and not available
              # here then skip it safely not continuing with a None Network
              if not network:
                  continue
  
              nets_in_requested_order.append(network)
  
              zone = 'compute:%s' % instance.availability_zone
              port_req_body = {'port': {'device_id': instance.uuid,
                                        'device_owner': zone}}
              if (requested_ports_dict and
                  request.port_id in requested_ports_dict and
                  requested_ports_dict[request.port_id].get(BINDING_PROFILE)):
                  port_req_body['port'][BINDING_PROFILE] = (
                      requested_ports_dict[request.port_id][BINDING_PROFILE])
              try:
                  self._populate_neutron_extension_values(
                      context, instance, request.pci_request_id, port_req_body,
                      network=network, neutron=neutron,
                      bind_host_id=bind_host_id)
                  self._populate_pci_mac_address(instance,
                      request.pci_request_id, port_req_body)
                  self._populate_mac_address(
                      instance, port_req_body, available_macs)
  
                  if created_port_id:
                      port_id = created_port_id
                      created_port_ids.append(port_id)
                  else:
                      port_id = request.port_id
                  ports_in_requested_order.append(port_id)
  
                  # After port is created, update other bits
                  updated_port = self._update_port(
                      port_client, instance, port_id, port_req_body)
  
                  # NOTE(danms): The virtual_interfaces table enforces global
                  # uniqueness on MAC addresses, which clearly does not match
                  # with neutron's view of the world. Since address is a 255-char
                  # string we can namespace it with our port id. Using '/' should
                  # be safely excluded from MAC address notations as well as
                  # UUIDs. We could stop doing this when we remove
                  # nova-network, but we'd need to leave the read translation in
                  # for longer than that of course.
                  vifobj.address = '%s/%s' % (updated_port['mac_address'],
                                              updated_port['id'])
                  vifobj.uuid = port_id
                  vifobj.create()
                  created_vifs.append(vifobj)
  
                  if not created_port_id:
                      # only add if update worked and port create not called
                      preexisting_port_ids.append(port_id)
  
                  self._update_port_dns_name(context, instance, network,
                                             ports_in_requested_order[-1],
                                             neutron)
              except Exception:
                  with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                      self._unbind_ports(context,
                                         preexisting_port_ids,
                                         neutron, port_client)
                      self._delete_ports(neutron, instance, created_port_ids)
                      for vif in created_vifs:
                          vif.destroy()
  
          return (nets_in_requested_order, ports_in_requested_order,
              preexisting_port_ids, created_port_ids)
  
      def _refresh_neutron_extensions_cache(self, context, neutron=None):
          """Refresh the neutron extensions cache when necessary."""
          if (not self.last_neutron_extension_sync or
              ((time.time() - self.last_neutron_extension_sync)
               >= CONF.neutron.extension_sync_interval)):
              if neutron is None:
                  neutron = get_client(context)
              extensions_list = neutron.list_extensions()['extensions']
              self.last_neutron_extension_sync = time.time()
              self.extensions.clear()
              self.extensions = {ext['name']: ext for ext in extensions_list}
  
      def _has_multi_provider_extension(self, context, neutron=None):
          self._refresh_neutron_extensions_cache(context, neutron=neutron)
          return constants.MULTI_NET_EXT in self.extensions
  
      def _has_dns_extension(self):
          return constants.DNS_INTEGRATION in self.extensions
  
      def _has_qos_queue_extension(self, context, neutron=None):
          self._refresh_neutron_extensions_cache(context, neutron=neutron)
          return constants.QOS_QUEUE in self.extensions
  
      def has_substr_port_filtering_extension(self, context):
          self._refresh_neutron_extensions_cache(context)
          return constants.SUBSTR_PORT_FILTERING in self.extensions
  
      def supports_port_binding_extension(self, context):
          """This is a simple check to see if the neutron "binding-extended"
          extension exists and is enabled.
  
          The "binding-extended" extension allows nova to bind a port to multiple
          hosts at the same time, like during live migration.
  
          :param context: the user request context
          :returns: True if the binding-extended API extension is available,
                    False otherwise
          """
          self._refresh_neutron_extensions_cache(context)
          return constants.PORT_BINDING_EXTENDED in self.extensions
  
      def bind_ports_to_host(self, context, instance, host,
                             vnic_type=None, profile=None):
          """Attempts to bind the ports from the instance on the given host
  
          If the ports are already actively bound to another host, like the
          source host during live migration, then the new port bindings will
          be inactive, assuming $host is the destination host for the live
          migration.
  
          In the event of an error, any ports which were successfully bound to
          the host should have those host bindings removed from the ports.
  
          This method should not be used if "supports_port_binding_extension"
          returns False.
  
          :param context: the user request context
          :type context: nova.context.RequestContext
          :param instance: the instance with a set of ports
          :type instance: nova.objects.Instance
          :param host: the host on which to bind the ports which
                       are attached to the instance
          :type host: str
          :param vnic_type: optional vnic type string for the host
                            port binding
          :type vnic_type: str
          :param profile: optional vif profile dict for the host port
                          binding; note that the port binding profile is mutable
                          via the networking "Port Binding" API so callers that
                          pass in a profile should ensure they have the latest
                          version from neutron with their changes merged,
                          which can be determined using the "revision_number"
                          attribute of the port.
          :type profile: dict
          :raises: PortBindingFailed if any of the ports failed to be bound to
                   the destination host
          :returns: dict, keyed by port ID, of a new host port
                    binding dict per port that was bound
          """
          # Get the current ports off the instance. This assumes the cache is
          # current.
          network_info = instance.get_network_info()
          port_ids = [vif['id'] for vif in network_info]
  
          if not port_ids:
              # The instance doesn't have any ports so there is nothing to do.
              LOG.debug('Instance does not have any ports.', instance=instance)
              return {}
  
          client = _get_ksa_client(context, admin=True)
  
          # Now bind each port to the destination host and keep track of each
          # port that is bound to the resulting binding so we can rollback in
          # the event of a failure, or return the results if everything is OK.
          binding = dict(host=host)
          if vnic_type:
              binding['vnic_type'] = vnic_type
          if profile:
              binding['profile'] = profile
          data = dict(binding=binding)
  
          bindings_by_port_id = {}
          for port_id in port_ids:
              resp = client.post('/v2.0/ports/%s/bindings' % port_id,
                                 json=data, raise_exc=False)
              if resp:
                  bindings_by_port_id[port_id] = resp.json()['binding']
              else:
                  # Something failed, so log the error and rollback any
                  # successful bindings.
                  LOG.error('Binding failed for port %s and host %s. '
                            'Error: (%s %s)',
                            port_id, host, resp.status_code, resp.text,
                            instance=instance)
                  for rollback_port_id in bindings_by_port_id:
                      try:
                          self.delete_port_binding(
                              context, rollback_port_id, host)
                      except exception.PortBindingDeletionFailed:
                          LOG.warning('Failed to remove binding for port %s on '
                                      'host %s.', rollback_port_id, host,
                                      instance=instance)
                  raise exception.PortBindingFailed(port_id=port_id)
  
          return bindings_by_port_id
  
      def delete_port_binding(self, context, port_id, host):
          """Delete the port binding for the given port ID and host
  
          This method should not be used if "supports_port_binding_extension"
          returns False.
  
          :param context: The request context for the operation.
          :param port_id: The ID of the port with a binding to the host.
          :param host: The host from which port bindings should be deleted.
          :raises: nova.exception.PortBindingDeletionFailed if a non-404 error
              response is received from neutron.
          """
          client = _get_ksa_client(context, admin=True)
          resp = client.delete(
              '/v2.0/ports/%s/bindings/%s' % (port_id, host),
              raise_exc=False)
          if resp:
              LOG.debug('Deleted binding for port %s and host %s.',
                        port_id, host)
          else:
              # We can safely ignore 404s since we're trying to delete
              # the thing that wasn't found anyway.
              if resp.status_code != 404:
                  # Log the details, raise an exception.
                  LOG.error('Unexpected error trying to delete binding '
                            'for port %s and host %s. Code: %s. '
                            'Error: %s', port_id, host,
                            resp.status_code, resp.text)
                  raise exception.PortBindingDeletionFailed(
                      port_id=port_id, host=host)
  
      def activate_port_binding(self, context, port_id, host):
          """Activates an inactive port binding.
  
          If there are two port bindings to different hosts, activating the
          inactive binding atomically changes the other binding to inactive.
  
          :param context: The request context for the operation.
          :param port_id: The ID of the port with an inactive binding on the
                          host.
          :param host: The host on which the inactive port binding should be
                       activated.
          :raises: nova.exception.PortBindingActivationFailed if a non-409 error
              response is received from neutron.
          """
          client = _get_ksa_client(context, admin=True)
          # This is a bit weird in that we don't PUT and update the status
          # to ACTIVE, it's more like a POST action method in the compute API.
          resp = client.put(
              '/v2.0/ports/%s/bindings/%s/activate' % (port_id, host),
              raise_exc=False)
          if resp:
              LOG.debug('Activated binding for port %s and host %s.',
                        port_id, host)
          # A 409 means the port binding is already active, which shouldn't
          # happen if the caller is doing things in the correct order.
          elif resp.status_code == 409:
              LOG.warning('Binding for port %s and host %s is already '
                          'active.', port_id, host)
          else:
              # Log the details, raise an exception.
              LOG.error('Unexpected error trying to activate binding '
                        'for port %s and host %s. Code: %s. '
                        'Error: %s', port_id, host, resp.status_code,
                        resp.text)
              raise exception.PortBindingActivationFailed(
                  port_id=port_id, host=host)
  
      def _get_pci_device_profile(self, pci_dev):
          dev_spec = self.pci_whitelist.get_devspec(pci_dev)
          if dev_spec:
              return {'pci_vendor_info': "%s:%s" %
                          (pci_dev.vendor_id, pci_dev.product_id),
                      'pci_slot': pci_dev.address,
                      'physical_network':
                          dev_spec.get_tags().get('physical_network')}
          raise exception.PciDeviceNotFound(node_id=pci_dev.compute_node_id,
                                            address=pci_dev.address)
  
      def _populate_neutron_binding_profile(self, instance, pci_request_id,
                                            port_req_body):
          """Populate neutron binding:profile.
  
          Populate it with SR-IOV related information
  
          :raises PciDeviceNotFound: If a claimed PCI device for the given
              pci_request_id cannot be found on the instance.
          """
          if pci_request_id:
              pci_devices = pci_manager.get_instance_pci_devs(
                  instance, pci_request_id)
              if not pci_devices:
                  # The pci_request_id likely won't mean much except for tracing
                  # through the logs since it is generated per request.
                  LOG.error('Unable to find PCI device using PCI request ID in '
                            'list of claimed instance PCI devices: %s. Is the '
                            '[pci]/passthrough_whitelist configuration correct?',
                            # Convert to a primitive list to stringify it.
                            list(instance.pci_devices), instance=instance)
                  raise exception.PciDeviceNotFound(
                      _('PCI device not found for request ID %s.') %
                      pci_request_id)
              pci_dev = pci_devices.pop()
              if port_req_body['port'].get(BINDING_PROFILE) is None:
                  port_req_body['port'][BINDING_PROFILE] = {}
              profile = copy.deepcopy(port_req_body['port'][BINDING_PROFILE])
              profile.update(self._get_pci_device_profile(pci_dev))
              port_req_body['port'][BINDING_PROFILE] = profile
  
      @staticmethod
      def _populate_pci_mac_address(instance, pci_request_id, port_req_body):
          """Add the updated MAC address value to the update_port request body.
  
          Currently this is done only for PF passthrough.
          """
          if pci_request_id is not None:
              pci_devs = pci_manager.get_instance_pci_devs(
                  instance, pci_request_id)
              if len(pci_devs) != 1:
                  # NOTE(ndipanov): We shouldn't ever get here since
                  # InstancePCIRequest instances built from network requests
                  # only ever index a single device, which needs to be
                  # successfully claimed for this to be called as part of
                  # allocate_networks method
                  LOG.error("PCI request %s does not have a "
                            "unique device associated with it. Unable to "
                            "determine MAC address",
                            pci_request_id, instance=instance)
                  return
              pci_dev = pci_devs[0]
              if pci_dev.dev_type == obj_fields.PciDeviceType.SRIOV_PF:
                  try:
                      mac = pci_utils.get_mac_by_pci_address(pci_dev.address)
                  except exception.PciDeviceNotFoundById as e:
                      LOG.error(
                          "Could not determine MAC address for %(addr)s, "
                          "error: %(e)s",
                          {"addr": pci_dev.address, "e": e}, instance=instance)
                  else:
                      port_req_body['port']['mac_address'] = mac
  
      def _populate_neutron_extension_values(self, context, instance,
                                             pci_request_id, port_req_body,
                                             network=None, neutron=None,
                                             bind_host_id=None):
          """Populate neutron extension values for the instance.
  
          If the extensions loaded contain QOS_QUEUE then pass the rxtx_factor.
          """
          if self._has_qos_queue_extension(context, neutron=neutron):
              flavor = instance.get_flavor()
              rxtx_factor = flavor.get('rxtx_factor')
              port_req_body['port']['rxtx_factor'] = rxtx_factor
          port_req_body['port'][BINDING_HOST_ID] = bind_host_id
          self._populate_neutron_binding_profile(instance,
                                                 pci_request_id,
                                                 port_req_body)
  
          if self._has_dns_extension():
              # If the DNS integration extension is enabled in Neutron, most
              # ports will get their dns_name attribute set in the port create or
              # update requests in allocate_for_instance. So we just add the
              # dns_name attribute to the payload of those requests. The
              # exception is when the port binding extension is enabled in
              # Neutron and the port is on a network that has a non-blank
              # dns_domain attribute. This case requires to be processed by
              # method _update_port_dns_name
              if (not network.get('dns_domain')):
                  port_req_body['port']['dns_name'] = instance.hostname
  
      def _update_port_dns_name(self, context, instance, network, port_id,
                                neutron):
          """Update an instance port dns_name attribute with instance.hostname.
  
          The dns_name attribute of a port on a network with a non-blank
          dns_domain attribute will be sent to the external DNS service
          (Designate) if DNS integration is enabled in Neutron. This requires the
          assignment of the dns_name to the port to be done with a Neutron client
          using the user's context. allocate_for_instance uses a port with admin
          context if the port binding extensions is enabled in Neutron. In this
          case, we assign in this method the dns_name attribute to the port with
          an additional update request. Only a very small fraction of ports will
          require this additional update request.
          """
          if self._has_dns_extension() and network.get('dns_domain'):
              try:
                  port_req_body = {'port': {'dns_name': instance.hostname}}
                  neutron.update_port(port_id, port_req_body)
              except neutron_client_exc.BadRequest:
                  LOG.warning('Neutron error: Instance hostname '
                              '%(hostname)s is not a valid DNS name',
                              {'hostname': instance.hostname}, instance=instance)
                  msg = (_('Instance hostname %(hostname)s is not a valid DNS '
                           'name') % {'hostname': instance.hostname})
                  raise exception.InvalidInput(reason=msg)
  
      def _delete_ports(self, neutron, instance, ports, raise_if_fail=False):
          exceptions = []
          for port in ports:
              try:
                  neutron.delete_port(port)
              except neutron_client_exc.NeutronClientException as e:
                  if e.status_code == 404:
                      LOG.warning("Port %s does not exist", port,
                                  instance=instance)
                  else:
                      exceptions.append(e)
                      LOG.warning("Failed to delete port %s for instance.",
                                  port, instance=instance, exc_info=True)
          if len(exceptions) > 0 and raise_if_fail:
              raise exceptions[0]
  
      def deallocate_for_instance(self, context, instance, **kwargs):
          """Deallocate all network resources related to the instance."""
          LOG.debug('deallocate_for_instance()', instance=instance)
          search_opts = {'device_id': instance.uuid}
          neutron = get_client(context)
          data = neutron.list_ports(**search_opts)
          ports = [port['id'] for port in data.get('ports', [])]
  
          requested_networks = kwargs.get('requested_networks') or []
          # NOTE(danms): Temporary and transitional
          if isinstance(requested_networks, objects.NetworkRequestList):
              requested_networks = requested_networks.as_tuples()
          ports_to_skip = set([port_id for nets, fips, port_id, pci_request_id
                               in requested_networks])
          # NOTE(boden): requested_networks only passed in when deallocating
          # from a failed build / spawn call. Therefore we need to include
          # preexisting ports when deallocating from a standard delete op
          # in which case requested_networks is not provided.
          ports_to_skip |= set(self._get_preexisting_port_ids(instance))
          ports = set(ports) - ports_to_skip
  
          # Reset device_id and device_owner for the ports that are skipped
          self._unbind_ports(context, ports_to_skip, neutron)
          # Delete the rest of the ports
          self._delete_ports(neutron, instance, ports, raise_if_fail=True)
  
          # deallocate vifs (mac addresses)
          objects.VirtualInterface.delete_by_instance_uuid(
              context, instance.uuid)
  
          # NOTE(arosen): This clears out the network_cache only if the instance
          # hasn't already been deleted. This is needed when an instance fails to
          # launch and is rescheduled onto another compute node. If the instance
          # has already been deleted this call does nothing.
          base_api.update_instance_cache_with_nw_info(self, context, instance,
                                              network_model.NetworkInfo([]))
  
      def allocate_port_for_instance(self, context, instance, port_id,
                                     network_id=None, requested_ip=None,
                                     bind_host_id=None, tag=None):
          """Allocate a port for the instance."""
          requested_networks = objects.NetworkRequestList(
              objects=[objects.NetworkRequest(network_id=network_id,
                                              address=requested_ip,
                                              port_id=port_id,
                                              pci_request_id=None,
                                              tag=tag)])
          return self.allocate_for_instance(context, instance, vpn=False,
                  requested_networks=requested_networks,
                  bind_host_id=bind_host_id, attach=True)
  
      def deallocate_port_for_instance(self, context, instance, port_id):
          """Remove a specified port from the instance.
  
          Return network information for the instance
          """
          neutron = get_client(context)
          preexisting_ports = self._get_preexisting_port_ids(instance)
          if port_id in preexisting_ports:
              self._unbind_ports(context, [port_id], neutron)
          else:
              self._delete_ports(neutron, instance, [port_id],
                                 raise_if_fail=True)
  
          # Delete the VirtualInterface for the given port_id.
          vif = objects.VirtualInterface.get_by_uuid(context, port_id)
          if vif:
              if 'tag' in vif and vif.tag:
                  self._delete_nic_metadata(instance, vif)
              vif.destroy()
          else:
              LOG.debug('VirtualInterface not found for port: %s',
                        port_id, instance=instance)
  
          return self.get_instance_nw_info(context, instance)
  
      def _delete_nic_metadata(self, instance, vif):
          for device in instance.device_metadata.devices:
              if (isinstance(device, objects.NetworkInterfaceMetadata)
                      and device.mac == vif.address):
                  instance.device_metadata.devices.remove(device)
                  instance.save()
                  break
  
      def list_ports(self, context, **search_opts):
          """List ports for the client based on search options."""
          return get_client(context).list_ports(**search_opts)
  
      def show_port(self, context, port_id):
          """Return the port for the client given the port id.
  
          :param context: Request context.
          :param port_id: The id of port to be queried.
          :returns: A dict containing port data keyed by 'port', e.g.
  
          ::
  
              {'port': {'port_id': 'abcd',
                        'fixed_ip_address': '1.2.3.4'}}
          """
          return dict(port=self._show_port(context, port_id))
  
      def _show_port(self, context, port_id, neutron_client=None, fields=None):
          """Return the port for the client given the port id.
  
          :param context: Request context.
          :param port_id: The id of port to be queried.
          :param neutron_client: A neutron client.
          :param fields: The condition fields to query port data.
          :returns: A dict of port data.
                    e.g. {'port_id': 'abcd', 'fixed_ip_address': '1.2.3.4'}
          """
          if not neutron_client:
              neutron_client = get_client(context)
          try:
              if fields:
                  result = neutron_client.show_port(port_id, fields=fields)
              else:
                  result = neutron_client.show_port(port_id)
              return result.get('port')
          except neutron_client_exc.PortNotFoundClient:
              raise exception.PortNotFound(port_id=port_id)
          except neutron_client_exc.Unauthorized:
              raise exception.Forbidden()
          except neutron_client_exc.NeutronClientException as exc:
              msg = (_("Failed to access port %(port_id)s: %(reason)s") %
                     {'port_id': port_id, 'reason': exc})
              raise exception.NovaException(message=msg)
  
      def _get_instance_nw_info(self, context, instance, networks=None,
                                port_ids=None, admin_client=None,
                                preexisting_port_ids=None,
                                refresh_vif_id=None, **kwargs):
          # NOTE(danms): This is an inner method intended to be called
          # by other code that updates instance nwinfo. It *must* be
          # called with the refresh_cache-%(instance_uuid) lock held!
          LOG.debug('_get_instance_nw_info()', instance=instance)
          # Ensure that we have an up to date copy of the instance info cache.
          # Otherwise multiple requests could collide and cause cache
          # corruption.
          compute_utils.refresh_info_cache_for_instance(context, instance)
          nw_info = self._build_network_info_model(context, instance, networks,
                                                   port_ids, admin_client,
                                                   preexisting_port_ids,
                                                   refresh_vif_id)
          return network_model.NetworkInfo.hydrate(nw_info)
  
      def _gather_port_ids_and_networks(self, context, instance, networks=None,
                                        port_ids=None, neutron=None):
          """Return an instance's complete list of port_ids and networks."""
  
          if ((networks is None and port_ids is not None) or
              (port_ids is None and networks is not None)):
              message = _("This method needs to be called with either "
                          "networks=None and port_ids=None or port_ids and "
                          "networks as not none.")
              raise exception.NovaException(message=message)
  
          ifaces = instance.get_network_info()
          # This code path is only done when refreshing the network_cache
          if port_ids is None:
              port_ids = [iface['id'] for iface in ifaces]
              net_ids = [iface['network']['id'] for iface in ifaces]
  
          if networks is None:
              networks = self._get_available_networks(context,
                                                      instance.project_id,
                                                      net_ids, neutron)
          # an interface was added/removed from instance.
          else:
  
              # Prepare the network ids list for validation purposes
              networks_ids = [network['id'] for network in networks]
  
              # Validate that interface networks doesn't exist in networks.
              # Though this issue can and should be solved in methods
              # that prepare the networks list, this method should have this
              # ignore-duplicate-networks/port-ids mechanism to reduce the
              # probability of failing to boot the VM.
              networks = networks + [
                  {'id': iface['network']['id'],
                   'name': iface['network']['label'],
                   'tenant_id': iface['network']['meta']['tenant_id']}
                  for iface in ifaces
                  if _is_not_duplicate(iface['network']['id'],
                                       networks_ids,
                                       "networks",
                                       instance)]
  
              # Include existing interfaces so they are not removed from the db.
              # Validate that the interface id is not in the port_ids
              port_ids = [iface['id'] for iface in ifaces
                          if _is_not_duplicate(iface['id'],
                                               port_ids,
                                               "port_ids",
                                               instance)] + port_ids
  
          return networks, port_ids
  
      @base_api.refresh_cache
      def add_fixed_ip_to_instance(self, context, instance, network_id):
          """Add a fixed IP to the instance from specified network."""
          neutron = get_client(context)
          search_opts = {'network_id': network_id}
          data = neutron.list_subnets(**search_opts)
          ipam_subnets = data.get('subnets', [])
          if not ipam_subnets:
              raise exception.NetworkNotFoundForInstance(
                  instance_id=instance.uuid)
  
          zone = 'compute:%s' % instance.availability_zone
          search_opts = {'device_id': instance.uuid,
                         'device_owner': zone,
                         'network_id': network_id}
          data = neutron.list_ports(**search_opts)
          ports = data['ports']
          for p in ports:
              for subnet in ipam_subnets:
                  fixed_ips = p['fixed_ips']
                  fixed_ips.append({'subnet_id': subnet['id']})
                  port_req_body = {'port': {'fixed_ips': fixed_ips}}
                  try:
                      neutron.update_port(p['id'], port_req_body)
                      return self._get_instance_nw_info(context, instance)
                  except Exception as ex:
                      msg = ("Unable to update port %(portid)s on subnet "
                             "%(subnet_id)s with failure: %(exception)s")
                      LOG.debug(msg, {'portid': p['id'],
                                      'subnet_id': subnet['id'],
                                      'exception': ex}, instance=instance)
  
          raise exception.NetworkNotFoundForInstance(
                  instance_id=instance.uuid)
  
      @base_api.refresh_cache
      def remove_fixed_ip_from_instance(self, context, instance, address):
          """Remove a fixed IP from the instance."""
          neutron = get_client(context)
          zone = 'compute:%s' % instance.availability_zone
          search_opts = {'device_id': instance.uuid,
                         'device_owner': zone,
                         'fixed_ips': 'ip_address=%s' % address}
          data = neutron.list_ports(**search_opts)
          ports = data['ports']
          for p in ports:
              fixed_ips = p['fixed_ips']
              new_fixed_ips = []
              for fixed_ip in fixed_ips:
                  if fixed_ip['ip_address'] != address:
                      new_fixed_ips.append(fixed_ip)
              port_req_body = {'port': {'fixed_ips': new_fixed_ips}}
              try:
                  neutron.update_port(p['id'], port_req_body)
              except Exception as ex:
                  msg = ("Unable to update port %(portid)s with"
                         " failure: %(exception)s")
                  LOG.debug(msg, {'portid': p['id'], 'exception': ex},
                            instance=instance)
              return self._get_instance_nw_info(context, instance)
  
          raise exception.FixedIpNotFoundForSpecificInstance(
                  instance_uuid=instance.uuid, ip=address)
  
      def _get_physnet_tunneled_info(self, context, neutron, net_id):
          """Retrieve detailed network info.
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param neutron: The neutron client object.
          :param net_id: The ID of the network to retrieve information for.
  
          :return: A tuple containing the physnet name, if defined, and the
              tunneled status of the network. If the network uses multiple
              segments, the first segment that defines a physnet value will be
              used for the physnet name.
          """
          if self._has_multi_provider_extension(context, neutron=neutron):
              network = neutron.show_network(net_id,
                                             fields='segments').get('network')
              segments = network.get('segments', {})
              for net in segments:
                  # NOTE(vladikr): In general, "multi-segments" network is a
                  # combination of L2 segments. The current implementation
                  # contains a vxlan and vlan(s) segments, where only a vlan
                  # network will have a physical_network specified, but may
                  # change in the future. The purpose of this method
                  # is to find a first segment that provides a physical network.
                  # TODO(vladikr): Additional work will be required to handle the
                  # case of multiple vlan segments associated with different
                  # physical networks.
                  physnet_name = net.get('provider:physical_network')
                  if physnet_name:
                      return physnet_name, False
  
              # Raising here as at least one segment should
              # have a physical network provided.
              if segments:
                  msg = (_("None of the segments of network %s provides a "
                           "physical_network") % net_id)
                  raise exception.NovaException(message=msg)
  
          net = neutron.show_network(
              net_id, fields=['provider:physical_network',
                              'provider:network_type']).get('network')
          return (net.get('provider:physical_network'),
                  net.get('provider:network_type') in L3_NETWORK_TYPES)
  
      @staticmethod
      def _get_trusted_mode_from_port(port):
          """Returns whether trusted mode is requested
  
          If port binding does not provide any information about trusted
          status this function is returning None
          """
          value = _get_binding_profile(port).get('trusted')
          if value is not None:
              # This allows the user to specify things like '1' and 'yes' in
              # the port binding profile and we can handle it as a boolean.
              return strutils.bool_from_string(value)
  
      def _get_port_vnic_info(self, context, neutron, port_id):
          """Retrieve port vNIC info
  
          :param context: The request context
          :param neutron: The Neutron client
          :param port_id: The id of port to be queried
  
          :return: A tuple of vNIC type, trusted status and network ID. Trusted
              status only affects SR-IOV ports and will always be None for other
              port types.
          """
          port = self._show_port(context, port_id, neutron_client=neutron,
                                 fields=['binding:vnic_type', BINDING_PROFILE,
                                         'network_id'])
          network_id = port.get('network_id')
          trusted = None
          vnic_type = port.get('binding:vnic_type',
                               network_model.VNIC_TYPE_NORMAL)
          if vnic_type in network_model.VNIC_TYPES_SRIOV:
              trusted = self._get_trusted_mode_from_port(port)
  
          return vnic_type, trusted, network_id
  
      def create_resource_requests(self, context, requested_networks,
                                   pci_requests=None):
          """Retrieve all information for the networks passed at the time of
          creating the server.
  
          :param context: The request context.
          :param requested_networks: The networks requested for the server.
          :type requested_networks: nova.objects.RequestedNetworkList
          :param pci_requests: The list of PCI requests to which additional PCI
              requests created here will be added.
          :type pci_requests: nova.objects.InstancePCIRequests
  
          :returns: An instance of ``objects.NetworkMetadata`` for use by the
              scheduler or None.
          """
          if not requested_networks or requested_networks.no_allocate:
              return None
  
          physnets = set()
          tunneled = False
  
          neutron = get_client(context, admin=True)
          for request_net in requested_networks:
              physnet = None
              trusted = None
              tunneled_ = False
              vnic_type = network_model.VNIC_TYPE_NORMAL
              pci_request_id = None
  
              if request_net.port_id:
                  vnic_type, trusted, network_id = self._get_port_vnic_info(
                      context, neutron, request_net.port_id)
                  physnet, tunneled_ = self._get_physnet_tunneled_info(
                      context, neutron, network_id)
              elif request_net.network_id and not request_net.auto_allocate:
                  network_id = request_net.network_id
                  physnet, tunneled_ = self._get_physnet_tunneled_info(
                      context, neutron, network_id)
  
              # All tunneled traffic must use the same logical NIC so we just
              # need to know if there is one or more tunneled networks present.
              tunneled = tunneled or tunneled_
  
              # ...conversely, there can be multiple physnets, which will
              # generally be mapped to different NICs, and some requested
              # networks may use the same physnet. As a result, we need to know
              # the *set* of physnets from every network requested
              if physnet:
                  physnets.add(physnet)
  
              if vnic_type in network_model.VNIC_TYPES_SRIOV:
                  # TODO(moshele): To differentiate between the SR-IOV legacy
                  # and SR-IOV ovs hardware offload we will leverage the nic
                  # feature based scheduling in nova. This mean we will need
                  # libvirt to expose the nic feature. At the moment
                  # there is a limitation that deployers cannot use both
                  # SR-IOV modes (legacy and ovs) in the same deployment.
                  spec = {pci_request.PCI_NET_TAG: physnet}
                  dev_type = pci_request.DEVICE_TYPE_FOR_VNIC_TYPE.get(vnic_type)
                  if dev_type:
                      spec[pci_request.PCI_DEVICE_TYPE_TAG] = dev_type
                  if trusted is not None:
                      # We specifically have requested device on a pool
                      # with a tag trusted set to true or false. We
                      # convert the value to string since tags are
                      # compared in that way.
                      spec[pci_request.PCI_TRUSTED_TAG] = str(trusted)
                  request = objects.InstancePCIRequest(
                      count=1,
                      spec=[spec],
                      request_id=uuidutils.generate_uuid())
                  pci_requests.requests.append(request)
                  pci_request_id = request.request_id
  
              # Add pci_request_id into the requested network
              request_net.pci_request_id = pci_request_id
  
          return objects.NetworkMetadata(physnets=physnets, tunneled=tunneled)
  
      def _can_auto_allocate_network(self, context, neutron):
          """Helper method to determine if we can auto-allocate networks
  
          :param context: nova request context
          :param neutron: neutron client
          :returns: True if it's possible to auto-allocate networks, False
                    otherwise.
          """
          # run the dry-run validation, which will raise a 409 if not ready
          try:
              neutron.validate_auto_allocated_topology_requirements(
                  context.project_id)
              LOG.debug('Network auto-allocation is available for project '
                        '%s', context.project_id)
              return True
          except neutron_client_exc.Conflict as ex:
              LOG.debug('Unable to auto-allocate networks. %s',
                        six.text_type(ex))
              return False
  
      def _auto_allocate_network(self, instance, neutron):
          """Automatically allocates a network for the given project.
  
          :param instance: create the network for the project that owns this
              instance
          :param neutron: neutron client
          :returns: Details of the network that was created.
          :raises: nova.exception.UnableToAutoAllocateNetwork
          :raises: nova.exception.NetworkNotFound
          """
          project_id = instance.project_id
          LOG.debug('Automatically allocating a network for project %s.',
                    project_id, instance=instance)
          try:
              topology = neutron.get_auto_allocated_topology(
                  project_id)['auto_allocated_topology']
          except neutron_client_exc.Conflict:
              raise exception.UnableToAutoAllocateNetwork(project_id=project_id)
  
          try:
              network = neutron.show_network(topology['id'])['network']
          except neutron_client_exc.NetworkNotFoundClient:
              # This shouldn't happen since we just created the network, but
              # handle it anyway.
              LOG.error('Automatically allocated network %(network_id)s '
                        'was not found.', {'network_id': topology['id']},
                        instance=instance)
              raise exception.UnableToAutoAllocateNetwork(project_id=project_id)
  
          LOG.debug('Automatically allocated network: %s', network,
                    instance=instance)
          return network
  
      def _ports_needed_per_instance(self, context, neutron, requested_networks):
  
          # TODO(danms): Remove me when all callers pass an object
          if requested_networks and isinstance(requested_networks[0], tuple):
              requested_networks = objects.NetworkRequestList.from_tuples(
                  requested_networks)
  
          ports_needed_per_instance = 0
          if (requested_networks is None or len(requested_networks) == 0 or
                  requested_networks.auto_allocate):
              nets = self._get_available_networks(context, context.project_id,
                                                  neutron=neutron)
              if len(nets) > 1:
                  # Attaching to more than one network by default doesn't
                  # make sense, as the order will be arbitrary and the guest OS
                  # won't know which to configure
                  msg = _("Multiple possible networks found, use a Network "
                           "ID to be more specific.")
                  raise exception.NetworkAmbiguous(msg)
  
              if not nets and (
                  requested_networks and requested_networks.auto_allocate):
                  # If there are no networks available to this project and we
                  # were asked to auto-allocate a network, check to see that we
                  # can do that first.
                  LOG.debug('No networks are available for project %s; checking '
                            'to see if we can automatically allocate a network.',
                            context.project_id)
                  if not self._can_auto_allocate_network(context, neutron):
                      raise exception.UnableToAutoAllocateNetwork(
                          project_id=context.project_id)
  
              ports_needed_per_instance = 1
          else:
              net_ids_requested = []
              for request in requested_networks:
                  if request.port_id:
                      port = self._show_port(context, request.port_id,
                                             neutron_client=neutron)
                      if port.get('device_id', None):
                          raise exception.PortInUse(port_id=request.port_id)
                      deferred_ip = port.get('ip_allocation') == 'deferred'
                      # NOTE(carl_baldwin) A deferred IP port doesn't have an
                      # address here. If it fails to get one later when nova
                      # updates it with host info, Neutron will error which
                      # raises an exception.
                      if not deferred_ip and not port.get('fixed_ips'):
                          raise exception.PortRequiresFixedIP(
                              port_id=request.port_id)
                      request.network_id = port['network_id']
                  else:
                      ports_needed_per_instance += 1
                      net_ids_requested.append(request.network_id)
  
                      # NOTE(jecarey) There is currently a race condition.
                      # That is, if you have more than one request for a specific
                      # fixed IP at the same time then only one will be allocated
                      # the ip. The fixed IP will be allocated to only one of the
                      # instances that will run. The second instance will fail on
                      # spawn. That instance will go into error state.
                      # TODO(jecarey) Need to address this race condition once we
                      # have the ability to update mac addresses in Neutron.
                      if request.address:
                          # TODO(jecarey) Need to look at consolidating list_port
                          # calls once able to OR filters.
                          search_opts = {'network_id': request.network_id,
                                         'fixed_ips': 'ip_address=%s' % (
                                             request.address),
                                         'fields': 'device_id'}
                          existing_ports = neutron.list_ports(
                                                      **search_opts)['ports']
                          if existing_ports:
                              i_uuid = existing_ports[0]['device_id']
                              raise exception.FixedIpAlreadyInUse(
                                                      address=request.address,
                                                      instance_uuid=i_uuid)
  
              # Now check to see if all requested networks exist
              if net_ids_requested:
                  nets = self._get_available_networks(
                      context, context.project_id, net_ids_requested,
                      neutron=neutron)
  
                  for net in nets:
                      if not net.get('subnets'):
                          raise exception.NetworkRequiresSubnet(
                              network_uuid=net['id'])
  
                  if len(nets) != len(net_ids_requested):
                      requested_netid_set = set(net_ids_requested)
                      returned_netid_set = set([net['id'] for net in nets])
                      lostid_set = requested_netid_set - returned_netid_set
                      if lostid_set:
                          id_str = ''
                          for _id in lostid_set:
                              id_str = id_str and id_str + ', ' + _id or _id
                          raise exception.NetworkNotFound(network_id=id_str)
          return ports_needed_per_instance
  
      def validate_networks(self, context, requested_networks, num_instances):
          """Validate that the tenant can use the requested networks.
  
          Return the number of instances than can be successfully allocated
          with the requested network configuration.
          """
          LOG.debug('validate_networks() for %s', requested_networks)
  
          neutron = get_client(context)
          ports_needed_per_instance = self._ports_needed_per_instance(
              context, neutron, requested_networks)
  
          # Note(PhilD): Ideally Nova would create all required ports as part of
          # network validation, but port creation requires some details
          # from the hypervisor.  So we just check the quota and return
          # how many of the requested number of instances can be created
          if ports_needed_per_instance:
              quotas = neutron.show_quota(context.project_id)['quota']
              if quotas.get('port', -1) == -1:
                  # Unlimited Port Quota
                  return num_instances
  
              # We only need the port count so only ask for ids back.
              params = dict(tenant_id=context.project_id, fields=['id'])
              ports = neutron.list_ports(**params)['ports']
              free_ports = quotas.get('port') - len(ports)
              if free_ports < 0:
                  msg = (_("The number of defined ports: %(ports)d "
                           "is over the limit: %(quota)d") %
                         {'ports': len(ports),
                          'quota': quotas.get('port')})
                  raise exception.PortLimitExceeded(msg)
              ports_needed = ports_needed_per_instance * num_instances
              if free_ports >= ports_needed:
                  return num_instances
              else:
                  return free_ports // ports_needed_per_instance
          return num_instances
  
      def _get_instance_uuids_by_ip(self, context, address):
          """Retrieve instance uuids associated with the given IP address.
  
          :returns: A list of dicts containing the uuids keyed by 'instance_uuid'
                    e.g. [{'instance_uuid': uuid}, ...]
          """
          search_opts = {"fixed_ips": 'ip_address=%s' % address}
          data = get_client(context).list_ports(**search_opts)
          ports = data.get('ports', [])
          return [{'instance_uuid': port['device_id']} for port in ports
                  if port['device_id']]
  
      def _get_port_id_by_fixed_address(self, client,
                                        instance, address):
          """Return port_id from a fixed address."""
          zone = 'compute:%s' % instance.availability_zone
          search_opts = {'device_id': instance.uuid,
                         'device_owner': zone}
          data = client.list_ports(**search_opts)
          ports = data['ports']
          port_id = None
          for p in ports:
              for ip in p['fixed_ips']:
                  if ip['ip_address'] == address:
                      port_id = p['id']
                      break
          if not port_id:
              raise exception.FixedIpNotFoundForAddress(address=address)
          return port_id
  
      @base_api.refresh_cache
      def associate_floating_ip(self, context, instance,
                                floating_address, fixed_address,
                                affect_auto_assigned=False):
          """Associate a floating IP with a fixed IP."""
  
          # Note(amotoki): 'affect_auto_assigned' is not respected
          # since it is not used anywhere in nova code and I could
          # find why this parameter exists.
  
          client = get_client(context)
          port_id = self._get_port_id_by_fixed_address(client, instance,
                                                       fixed_address)
          fip = self._get_floating_ip_by_address(client, floating_address)
          param = {'port_id': port_id,
                   'fixed_ip_address': fixed_address}
          try:
              client.update_floatingip(fip['id'], {'floatingip': param})
          except neutron_client_exc.Conflict as e:
              raise exception.FloatingIpAssociateFailed(six.text_type(e))
  
          if fip['port_id']:
              port = self._show_port(context, fip['port_id'],
                                     neutron_client=client)
              orig_instance_uuid = port['device_id']
  
              msg_dict = dict(address=floating_address,
                              instance_id=orig_instance_uuid)
              LOG.info('re-assign floating IP %(address)s from '
                       'instance %(instance_id)s', msg_dict,
                       instance=instance)
              orig_instance = objects.Instance.get_by_uuid(context,
                                                           orig_instance_uuid)
  
              # purge cached nw info for the original instance
              base_api.update_instance_cache_with_nw_info(self, context,
                                                          orig_instance)
  
      def get_all(self, context):
          """Get all networks for client."""
          client = get_client(context)
          networks = client.list_networks().get('networks')
          network_objs = []
          for network in networks:
              network_objs.append(objects.Network(context=context,
                                                  name=network['name'],
                                                  label=network['name'],
                                                  uuid=network['id']))
          return objects.NetworkList(context=context,
                                     objects=network_objs)
  
      def get(self, context, network_uuid):
          """Get specific network for client."""
          client = get_client(context)
          try:
              network = client.show_network(network_uuid).get('network') or {}
          except neutron_client_exc.NetworkNotFoundClient:
              raise exception.NetworkNotFound(network_id=network_uuid)
          net_obj = objects.Network(context=context,
                                    name=network['name'],
                                    label=network['name'],
                                    uuid=network['id'])
          return net_obj
  
      def delete(self, context, network_uuid):
          """Delete a network for client."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def disassociate(self, context, network_uuid):
          """Disassociate a network for client."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def associate(self, context, network_uuid, host=base_api.SENTINEL,
                    project=base_api.SENTINEL):
          """Associate a network for client."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def get_fixed_ip(self, context, id):
          """Get a fixed IP from the id."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def get_fixed_ip_by_address(self, context, address):
          """Return instance uuids given an address."""
          uuid_maps = self._get_instance_uuids_by_ip(context, address)
          if len(uuid_maps) == 1:
              return uuid_maps[0]
          elif not uuid_maps:
              raise exception.FixedIpNotFoundForAddress(address=address)
          else:
              raise exception.FixedIpAssociatedWithMultipleInstances(
                  address=address)
  
      def _setup_net_dict(self, client, network_id):
          if not network_id:
              return {}
          pool = client.show_network(network_id)['network']
          return {pool['id']: pool}
  
      def _setup_port_dict(self, context, client, port_id):
          if not port_id:
              return {}
          port = self._show_port(context, port_id, neutron_client=client)
          return {port['id']: port}
  
      def _setup_pools_dict(self, client):
          pools = self._get_floating_ip_pools(client)
          return {i['id']: i for i in pools}
  
      def _setup_ports_dict(self, client, project_id=None):
          search_opts = {'tenant_id': project_id} if project_id else {}
          ports = client.list_ports(**search_opts)['ports']
          return {p['id']: p for p in ports}
  
      def get_floating_ip(self, context, id):
          """Return floating IP object given the floating IP id."""
          client = get_client(context)
          try:
              fip = client.show_floatingip(id)['floatingip']
          except neutron_client_exc.NeutronClientException as e:
              if e.status_code == 404:
                  raise exception.FloatingIpNotFound(id=id)
              else:
                  with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                      LOG.exception('Unable to access floating IP %s', id)
          pool_dict = self._setup_net_dict(client,
                                           fip['floating_network_id'])
          port_dict = self._setup_port_dict(context, client, fip['port_id'])
          return self._make_floating_ip_obj(context, fip, pool_dict, port_dict)
  
      def _get_floating_ip_pools(self, client, project_id=None):
          search_opts = {constants.NET_EXTERNAL: True}
          if project_id:
              search_opts.update({'tenant_id': project_id})
          data = client.list_networks(**search_opts)
          return data['networks']
  
      def get_floating_ip_pools(self, context):
          """Return floating IP pool names."""
          client = get_client(context)
          pools = self._get_floating_ip_pools(client)
          # Note(salv-orlando): Return a list of names to be consistent with
          # nova.network.api.get_floating_ip_pools
          return [n['name'] or n['id'] for n in pools]
  
      def _make_floating_ip_obj(self, context, fip, pool_dict, port_dict):
          pool = pool_dict[fip['floating_network_id']]
          # NOTE(danms): Don't give these objects a context, since they're
          # not lazy-loadable anyway
          floating = objects.floating_ip.NeutronFloatingIP(
              id=fip['id'], address=fip['floating_ip_address'],
              pool=(pool['name'] or pool['id']), project_id=fip['tenant_id'],
              fixed_ip_id=fip['port_id'])
          # In Neutron v2 API fixed_ip_address and instance uuid
          # (= device_id) are known here, so pass it as a result.
          if fip['fixed_ip_address']:
              floating.fixed_ip = objects.FixedIP(
                  address=fip['fixed_ip_address'])
          else:
              floating.fixed_ip = None
          if fip['port_id']:
              instance_uuid = port_dict[fip['port_id']]['device_id']
              # NOTE(danms): This could be .refresh()d, so give it context
              floating.instance = objects.Instance(context=context,
                                                   uuid=instance_uuid)
              if floating.fixed_ip:
                  floating.fixed_ip.instance_uuid = instance_uuid
          else:
              floating.instance = None
          return floating
  
      def get_floating_ip_by_address(self, context, address):
          """Return a floating IP given an address."""
          client = get_client(context)
          fip = self._get_floating_ip_by_address(client, address)
          pool_dict = self._setup_net_dict(client,
                                           fip['floating_network_id'])
          port_dict = self._setup_port_dict(context, client, fip['port_id'])
          return self._make_floating_ip_obj(context, fip, pool_dict, port_dict)
  
      def get_floating_ips_by_project(self, context):
          client = get_client(context)
          project_id = context.project_id
          fips = self._safe_get_floating_ips(client, tenant_id=project_id)
          if not fips:
              return []
          pool_dict = self._setup_pools_dict(client)
          port_dict = self._setup_ports_dict(client, project_id)
          return [self._make_floating_ip_obj(context, fip, pool_dict, port_dict)
                  for fip in fips]
  
      def get_instance_id_by_floating_address(self, context, address):
          """Return the instance id a floating IP's fixed IP is allocated to."""
          client = get_client(context)
          fip = self._get_floating_ip_by_address(client, address)
          if not fip['port_id']:
              return None
  
          try:
              port = self._show_port(context, fip['port_id'],
                                     neutron_client=client)
          except exception.PortNotFound:
              # NOTE: Here is a potential race condition between _show_port() and
              # _get_floating_ip_by_address(). fip['port_id'] shows a port which
              # is the server instance's. At _get_floating_ip_by_address(),
              # Neutron returns the list which includes the instance. Just after
              # that, the deletion of the instance happens and Neutron returns
              # 404 on _show_port().
              LOG.debug('The port(%s) is not found', fip['port_id'])
              return None
  
          return port['device_id']
  
      def get_vifs_by_instance(self, context, instance):
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def get_vif_by_mac_address(self, context, mac_address):
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def _get_floating_ip_pool_id_by_name_or_id(self, client, name_or_id):
          search_opts = {constants.NET_EXTERNAL: True, 'fields': 'id'}
          if uuidutils.is_uuid_like(name_or_id):
              search_opts.update({'id': name_or_id})
          else:
              search_opts.update({'name': name_or_id})
          data = client.list_networks(**search_opts)
          nets = data['networks']
  
          if len(nets) == 1:
              return nets[0]['id']
          elif len(nets) == 0:
              raise exception.FloatingIpPoolNotFound()
          else:
              msg = (_("Multiple floating IP pools matches found for name '%s'")
                     % name_or_id)
              raise exception.NovaException(message=msg)
  
      def _get_default_floating_ip_pool_name(self):
          """Get default pool name from config.
  
          TODO(stephenfin): Remove this helper function in Queens, opting to
          use the [neutron] option only.
          """
          if CONF.default_floating_pool != 'nova':
              LOG.warning("Config option 'default_floating_pool' is set to "
                          "a non-default value. Falling back to this value "
                          "for now but this behavior will change in a "
                          "future release. You should unset this value "
                          "and set the '[neutron] default_floating_pool' "
                          "option instead.")
              return CONF.default_floating_pool
  
          return CONF.neutron.default_floating_pool
  
      def allocate_floating_ip(self, context, pool=None):
          """Add a floating IP to a project from a pool."""
          client = get_client(context)
          pool = pool or self._get_default_floating_ip_pool_name()
          pool_id = self._get_floating_ip_pool_id_by_name_or_id(client, pool)
  
          param = {'floatingip': {'floating_network_id': pool_id}}
          try:
              fip = client.create_floatingip(param)
          except (neutron_client_exc.IpAddressGenerationFailureClient,
                  neutron_client_exc.ExternalIpAddressExhaustedClient) as e:
              raise exception.NoMoreFloatingIps(six.text_type(e))
          except neutron_client_exc.OverQuotaClient as e:
              raise exception.FloatingIpLimitExceeded(six.text_type(e))
          except neutron_client_exc.BadRequest as e:
              raise exception.FloatingIpBadRequest(six.text_type(e))
  
          return fip['floatingip']['floating_ip_address']
  
      def _safe_get_floating_ips(self, client, **kwargs):
          """Get floating IP gracefully handling 404 from Neutron."""
          try:
              return client.list_floatingips(**kwargs)['floatingips']
          # If a neutron plugin does not implement the L3 API a 404 from
          # list_floatingips will be raised.
          except neutron_client_exc.NotFound:
              return []
          except neutron_client_exc.NeutronClientException as e:
              # bug/1513879 neutron client is currently using
              # NeutronClientException when there is no L3 API
              if e.status_code == 404:
                  return []
              with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                  LOG.exception('Unable to access floating IP for %s',
                                ', '.join(['%s %s' % (k, v)
                                           for k, v in kwargs.items()]))
  
      def _get_floating_ip_by_address(self, client, address):
          """Get floating IP from floating IP address."""
          if not address:
              raise exception.FloatingIpNotFoundForAddress(address=address)
          fips = self._safe_get_floating_ips(client, floating_ip_address=address)
          if len(fips) == 0:
              raise exception.FloatingIpNotFoundForAddress(address=address)
          elif len(fips) > 1:
              raise exception.FloatingIpMultipleFoundForAddress(address=address)
          return fips[0]
  
      def _get_floating_ips_by_fixed_and_port(self, client, fixed_ip, port):
          """Get floating IPs from fixed IP and port."""
          return self._safe_get_floating_ips(client, fixed_ip_address=fixed_ip,
                                             port_id=port)
  
      def release_floating_ip(self, context, address,
                              affect_auto_assigned=False):
          """Remove a floating IP with the given address from a project."""
  
          # Note(amotoki): We cannot handle a case where multiple pools
          # have overlapping IP address range. In this case we cannot use
          # 'address' as a unique key.
          # This is a limitation of the current nova.
  
          # Note(amotoki): 'affect_auto_assigned' is not respected
          # since it is not used anywhere in nova code and I could
          # find why this parameter exists.
  
          self._release_floating_ip(context, address)
  
      def disassociate_and_release_floating_ip(self, context, instance,
                                             floating_ip):
          """Removes (deallocates) and deletes the floating IP.
  
          This api call was added to allow this to be done in one operation
          if using neutron.
          """
  
          @base_api.refresh_cache
          def _release_floating_ip_and_refresh_cache(self, context, instance,
                                                     floating_ip):
              self._release_floating_ip(context, floating_ip['address'],
                                        raise_if_associated=False)
          if instance:
              _release_floating_ip_and_refresh_cache(self, context, instance,
                                                     floating_ip)
          else:
              self._release_floating_ip(context, floating_ip['address'],
                                        raise_if_associated=False)
  
      def _release_floating_ip(self, context, address,
                               raise_if_associated=True):
          client = get_client(context)
          fip = self._get_floating_ip_by_address(client, address)
  
          if raise_if_associated and fip['port_id']:
              raise exception.FloatingIpAssociated(address=address)
          try:
              client.delete_floatingip(fip['id'])
          except neutron_client_exc.NotFound:
              raise exception.FloatingIpNotFoundForAddress(
                  address=address
              )
  
      @base_api.refresh_cache
      def disassociate_floating_ip(self, context, instance, address,
                                   affect_auto_assigned=False):
          """Disassociate a floating IP from the instance."""
  
          # Note(amotoki): 'affect_auto_assigned' is not respected
          # since it is not used anywhere in nova code and I could
          # find why this parameter exists.
  
          client = get_client(context)
          fip = self._get_floating_ip_by_address(client, address)
          client.update_floatingip(fip['id'], {'floatingip': {'port_id': None}})
  
      def migrate_instance_start(self, context, instance, migration):
          """Start to migrate the network of an instance.
  
          If the instance has port bindings on the destination compute host,
          they are activated in this method which will atomically change the
          source compute host port binding to inactive and also change the port
          "binding:host_id" attribute to the destination host.
  
          If there are no binding resources for the attached ports on the given
          destination host, this method is a no-op.
  
          :param context: The user request context.
          :param instance: The instance being migrated.
          :param migration: dict with required keys::
  
              "source_compute": The name of the source compute host.
              "dest_compute": The name of the destination compute host.
  
          :raises: nova.exception.PortBindingActivationFailed if any port binding
              activation fails
          """
          if not self.supports_port_binding_extension(context):
              # If neutron isn't new enough yet for the port "binding-extended"
              # API extension, we just no-op. The port binding host will be
              # be updated in migrate_instance_finish, which is functionally OK,
              # it's just not optimal.
              LOG.debug('Neutron is not new enough to perform early destination '
                        'host port binding activation. Port bindings will be '
                        'updated later.', instance=instance)
              return
  
          client = _get_ksa_client(context, admin=True)
          dest_host = migration['dest_compute']
          for vif in instance.get_network_info():
              # Not all compute migration flows use the port binding-extended
              # API yet, so first check to see if there is a binding for the
              # port and destination host.
              resp = client.get('/v2.0/ports/%s/bindings/%s' %
                                (vif['id'], dest_host), raise_exc=False)
              if resp:
                  if resp.json()['binding']['status'] != 'ACTIVE':
                      self.activate_port_binding(context, vif['id'], dest_host)
                      # TODO(mriedem): Do we need to call
                      # _clear_migration_port_profile? migrate_instance_finish
                      # would normally take care of clearing the "migrating_to"
                      # attribute on each port when updating the port's
                      # binding:host_id to point to the destination host.
                  else:
                      # We might be racing with another thread that's handling
                      # post-migrate operations and already activated the port
                      # binding for the destination host.
                      LOG.debug('Port %s binding to destination host %s is '
                                'already ACTIVE.', vif['id'], dest_host,
                                instance=instance)
              elif resp.status_code == 404:
                  # If there is no port binding record for the destination host,
                  # we can safely assume none of the ports attached to the
                  # instance are using the binding-extended API in this flow and
                  # exit early.
                  return
              else:
                  # We don't raise an exception here because we assume that
                  # port bindings will be updated correctly when
                  # migrate_instance_finish runs.
                  LOG.error('Unexpected error trying to get binding info '
                            'for port %s and destination host %s. Code: %i. '
                            'Error: %s', vif['id'], dest_host, resp.status_code,
                            resp.text)
  
      def migrate_instance_finish(self, context, instance, migration):
          """Finish migrating the network of an instance."""
          self._update_port_binding_for_instance(context, instance,
                                                 migration['dest_compute'],
                                                 migration=migration)
  
      def add_network_to_project(self, context, project_id, network_uuid=None):
          """Force add a network to the project."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def _nw_info_get_ips(self, client, port):
          network_IPs = []
          for fixed_ip in port['fixed_ips']:
              fixed = network_model.FixedIP(address=fixed_ip['ip_address'])
              floats = self._get_floating_ips_by_fixed_and_port(
                  client, fixed_ip['ip_address'], port['id'])
              for ip in floats:
                  fip = network_model.IP(address=ip['floating_ip_address'],
                                         type='floating')
                  fixed.add_floating_ip(fip)
              network_IPs.append(fixed)
          return network_IPs
  
      def _nw_info_get_subnets(self, context, port, network_IPs, client=None):
          subnets = self._get_subnets_from_port(context, port, client)
          for subnet in subnets:
              subnet['ips'] = [fixed_ip for fixed_ip in network_IPs
                               if fixed_ip.is_in_subnet(subnet)]
          return subnets
  
      def _nw_info_build_network(self, context, port, networks, subnets):
          # TODO(stephenfin): Pass in an existing admin client if available.
          neutron = get_client(context, admin=True)
          network_name = None
          network_mtu = None
          for net in networks:
              if port['network_id'] == net['id']:
                  network_name = net['name']
                  tenant_id = net['tenant_id']
                  network_mtu = net.get('mtu')
                  break
          else:
              tenant_id = port['tenant_id']
              LOG.warning("Network %(id)s not matched with the tenants "
                          "network! The ports tenant %(tenant_id)s will be "
                          "used.",
                          {'id': port['network_id'], 'tenant_id': tenant_id})
  
          bridge = None
          ovs_interfaceid = None
          # Network model metadata
          should_create_bridge = None
          vif_type = port.get('binding:vif_type')
          port_details = port.get('binding:vif_details', {})
          if vif_type in [network_model.VIF_TYPE_OVS,
                          network_model.VIF_TYPE_AGILIO_OVS]:
              bridge = port_details.get(network_model.VIF_DETAILS_BRIDGE_NAME,
                                        CONF.neutron.ovs_bridge)
              ovs_interfaceid = port['id']
          elif vif_type == network_model.VIF_TYPE_BRIDGE:
              bridge = port_details.get(network_model.VIF_DETAILS_BRIDGE_NAME,
                                        "brq" + port['network_id'])
              should_create_bridge = True
          elif vif_type == network_model.VIF_TYPE_DVS:
              # The name of the DVS port group will contain the neutron
              # network id
              bridge = port['network_id']
          elif (vif_type == network_model.VIF_TYPE_VHOSTUSER and
           port_details.get(network_model.VIF_DETAILS_VHOSTUSER_OVS_PLUG,
                            False)):
              bridge = port_details.get(network_model.VIF_DETAILS_BRIDGE_NAME,
                                        CONF.neutron.ovs_bridge)
              ovs_interfaceid = port['id']
          elif (vif_type == network_model.VIF_TYPE_VHOSTUSER and
           port_details.get(network_model.VIF_DETAILS_VHOSTUSER_FP_PLUG,
                            False)):
              bridge = port_details.get(network_model.VIF_DETAILS_BRIDGE_NAME,
                                        "brq" + port['network_id'])
  
          # Prune the bridge name if necessary. For the DVS this is not done
          # as the bridge is a '<network-name>-<network-UUID>'.
          if bridge is not None and vif_type != network_model.VIF_TYPE_DVS:
              bridge = bridge[:network_model.NIC_NAME_LEN]
  
          physnet, tunneled = self._get_physnet_tunneled_info(
              context, neutron, port['network_id'])
          network = network_model.Network(
              id=port['network_id'],
              bridge=bridge,
              injected=CONF.flat_injected,
              label=network_name,
              tenant_id=tenant_id,
              mtu=network_mtu,
              physical_network=physnet,
              tunneled=tunneled
              )
          network['subnets'] = subnets
  
          if should_create_bridge is not None:
              network['should_create_bridge'] = should_create_bridge
          return network, ovs_interfaceid
  
      def _get_preexisting_port_ids(self, instance):
          """Retrieve the preexisting ports associated with the given instance.
          These ports were not created by nova and hence should not be
          deallocated upon instance deletion.
          """
          net_info = instance.get_network_info()
          if not net_info:
              LOG.debug('Instance cache missing network info.',
                        instance=instance)
          return [vif['id'] for vif in net_info
                  if vif.get('preserve_on_delete')]
  
      def _build_vif_model(self, context, client, current_neutron_port,
                           networks, preexisting_port_ids):
          """Builds a ``nova.network.model.VIF`` object based on the parameters
          and current state of the port in Neutron.
  
          :param context: Request context.
          :param client: Neutron client.
          :param current_neutron_port: The current state of a Neutron port
              from which to build the VIF object model.
          :param networks: List of dicts which represent Neutron networks
              associated with the ports currently attached to a given server
              instance.
          :param preexisting_port_ids: List of IDs of ports attached to a
              given server instance which Nova did not create and therefore
              should not delete when the port is detached from the server.
          :return: nova.network.model.VIF object which represents a port in the
              instance network info cache.
          """
          vif_active = False
          if (current_neutron_port['admin_state_up'] is False
              or current_neutron_port['status'] == 'ACTIVE'):
              vif_active = True
  
          network_IPs = self._nw_info_get_ips(client,
                                              current_neutron_port)
          subnets = self._nw_info_get_subnets(context,
                                              current_neutron_port,
                                              network_IPs, client)
  
          devname = "tap" + current_neutron_port['id']
          devname = devname[:network_model.NIC_NAME_LEN]
  
          network, ovs_interfaceid = (
              self._nw_info_build_network(context, current_neutron_port,
                                          networks, subnets))
          preserve_on_delete = (current_neutron_port['id'] in
                                preexisting_port_ids)
  
          return network_model.VIF(
              id=current_neutron_port['id'],
              address=current_neutron_port['mac_address'],
              network=network,
              vnic_type=current_neutron_port.get('binding:vnic_type',
                                                 network_model.VNIC_TYPE_NORMAL),
              type=current_neutron_port.get('binding:vif_type'),
              profile=_get_binding_profile(current_neutron_port),
              details=current_neutron_port.get('binding:vif_details'),
              ovs_interfaceid=ovs_interfaceid,
              devname=devname,
              active=vif_active,
              preserve_on_delete=preserve_on_delete)
  
      def _build_network_info_model(self, context, instance, networks=None,
                                    port_ids=None, admin_client=None,
                                    preexisting_port_ids=None,
                                    refresh_vif_id=None):
          """Return list of ordered VIFs attached to instance.
  
          :param context: Request context.
          :param instance: Instance we are returning network info for.
          :param networks: List of networks being attached to an instance.
                           If value is None this value will be populated
                           from the existing cached value.
          :param port_ids: List of port_ids that are being attached to an
                           instance in order of attachment. If value is None
                           this value will be populated from the existing
                           cached value.
          :param admin_client: A neutron client for the admin context.
          :param preexisting_port_ids: List of port_ids that nova didn't
                          allocate and there shouldn't be deleted when
                          an instance is de-allocated. Supplied list will
                          be added to the cached list of preexisting port
                          IDs for this instance.
          :param refresh_vif_id: Optional port ID to refresh within the existing
                          cache rather than the entire cache. This can be
                          triggered via a "network-changed" server external event
                          from Neutron.
          """
  
          search_opts = {'tenant_id': instance.project_id,
                         'device_id': instance.uuid, }
          if admin_client is None:
              client = get_client(context, admin=True)
          else:
              client = admin_client
  
          data = client.list_ports(**search_opts)
  
          current_neutron_ports = data.get('ports', [])
  
          if preexisting_port_ids is None:
              preexisting_port_ids = []
          preexisting_port_ids = set(
              preexisting_port_ids + self._get_preexisting_port_ids(instance))
  
          current_neutron_port_map = {}
          for current_neutron_port in current_neutron_ports:
              current_neutron_port_map[current_neutron_port['id']] = (
                  current_neutron_port)
  
          # Figure out what kind of operation we're processing. If we're given
          # a single port to refresh then we try to optimize and update just the
          # information for that VIF in the existing cache rather than try to
          # rebuild the entire thing.
          if refresh_vif_id is not None:
              # TODO(mriedem): Consider pulling this out into it's own method.
              nw_info = instance.get_network_info()
              if nw_info:
                  current_neutron_port = current_neutron_port_map.get(
                      refresh_vif_id)
                  if current_neutron_port:
                      # Get the network for the port.
                      networks = self._get_available_networks(
                          context, instance.project_id,
                          [current_neutron_port['network_id']], client)
                      # Build the VIF model given the latest port information.
                      refreshed_vif = self._build_vif_model(
                          context, client, current_neutron_port, networks,
                          preexisting_port_ids)
                      for index, vif in enumerate(nw_info):
                          if vif['id'] == refresh_vif_id:
                              # Update the existing entry.
                              nw_info[index] = refreshed_vif
                              LOG.debug('Updated VIF entry in instance network '
                                        'info cache for port %s.',
                                        refresh_vif_id, instance=instance)
                              break
                      else:
                          # If it wasn't in the existing cache, add it.
                          nw_info.append(refreshed_vif)
                          LOG.debug('Added VIF to instance network info cache '
                                    'for port %s.', refresh_vif_id,
                                    instance=instance)
                  else:
                      # This port is no longer associated with the instance, so
                      # simply remove it from the nw_info cache.
                      for index, vif in enumerate(nw_info):
                          if vif['id'] == refresh_vif_id:
                              LOG.info('Port %s from network info_cache is no '
                                       'longer associated with instance in '
                                       'Neutron. Removing from network '
                                       'info_cache.', refresh_vif_id,
                                       instance=instance)
                              del nw_info[index]
                              break
                  return nw_info
              # else there is no existing cache and we need to build it
  
          nw_info_refresh = networks is None and port_ids is None
          networks, port_ids = self._gather_port_ids_and_networks(
                  context, instance, networks, port_ids, client)
          nw_info = network_model.NetworkInfo()
  
          for port_id in port_ids:
              current_neutron_port = current_neutron_port_map.get(port_id)
              if current_neutron_port:
                  vif = self._build_vif_model(
                      context, client, current_neutron_port, networks,
                      preexisting_port_ids)
                  nw_info.append(vif)
              elif nw_info_refresh:
                  LOG.info('Port %s from network info_cache is no '
                           'longer associated with instance in Neutron. '
                           'Removing from network info_cache.', port_id,
                           instance=instance)
  
          return nw_info
  
      def _get_subnets_from_port(self, context, port, client=None):
          """Return the subnets for a given port."""
  
          fixed_ips = port['fixed_ips']
          # No fixed_ips for the port means there is no subnet associated
          # with the network the port is created on.
          # Since list_subnets(id=[]) returns all subnets visible for the
          # current tenant, returned subnets may contain subnets which is not
          # related to the port. To avoid this, the method returns here.
          if not fixed_ips:
              return []
          if not client:
              client = get_client(context)
          search_opts = {'id': list(set(ip['subnet_id'] for ip in fixed_ips))}
          data = client.list_subnets(**search_opts)
          ipam_subnets = data.get('subnets', [])
          subnets = []
  
          for subnet in ipam_subnets:
              subnet_dict = {'cidr': subnet['cidr'],
                             'gateway': network_model.IP(
                                  address=subnet['gateway_ip'],
                                  type='gateway'),
              }
              if subnet.get('ipv6_address_mode'):
                  subnet_dict['ipv6_address_mode'] = subnet['ipv6_address_mode']
  
              # attempt to populate DHCP server field
              search_opts = {'network_id': subnet['network_id'],
                             'device_owner': 'network:dhcp'}
              data = client.list_ports(**search_opts)
              dhcp_ports = data.get('ports', [])
              for p in dhcp_ports:
                  for ip_pair in p['fixed_ips']:
                      if ip_pair['subnet_id'] == subnet['id']:
                          subnet_dict['dhcp_server'] = ip_pair['ip_address']
                          break
  
              subnet_object = network_model.Subnet(**subnet_dict)
              for dns in subnet.get('dns_nameservers', []):
                  subnet_object.add_dns(
                      network_model.IP(address=dns, type='dns'))
  
              for route in subnet.get('host_routes', []):
                  subnet_object.add_route(
                      network_model.Route(cidr=route['destination'],
                                          gateway=network_model.IP(
                                              address=route['nexthop'],
                                              type='gateway')))
  
              subnets.append(subnet_object)
          return subnets
  
      def get_dns_domains(self, context):
          """Return a list of available dns domains.
  
          These can be used to create DNS entries for floating IPs.
          """
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def add_dns_entry(self, context, address, name, dns_type, domain):
          """Create specified DNS entry for address."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def modify_dns_entry(self, context, name, address, domain):
          """Create specified DNS entry for address."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def delete_dns_entry(self, context, name, domain):
          """Delete the specified dns entry."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def delete_dns_domain(self, context, domain):
          """Delete the specified dns domain."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def get_dns_entries_by_address(self, context, address, domain):
          """Get entries for address and domain."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def get_dns_entries_by_name(self, context, name, domain):
          """Get entries for name and domain."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def create_private_dns_domain(self, context, domain, availability_zone):
          """Create a private DNS domain with nova availability zone."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def create_public_dns_domain(self, context, domain, project=None):
          """Create a private DNS domain with optional nova project."""
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def setup_instance_network_on_host(self, context, instance, host,
                                         migration=None):
          """Setup network for specified instance on host."""
          self._update_port_binding_for_instance(context, instance, host,
                                                 migration)
  
      def cleanup_instance_network_on_host(self, context, instance, host):
          """Cleanup network for specified instance on host."""
          # TODO(mriedem): This should likely be implemented at least for the
          # shelve offload operation because the instance is being removed from
          # a compute host, VIFs are unplugged, etc, so the ports should also
          # be unbound, albeit still logically attached to the instance (for the
          # shelve scenario). If _unbind_ports was going to be leveraged here, it
          # would have to be adjusted a bit since it currently clears the
          # device_id field on the port which is not what we'd want for shelve.
          pass
  
      def _get_pci_devices_from_migration_context(self, migration_context,
                                                  migration):
          if migration and migration.get('status') == 'reverted':
              # In case of revert, swap old and new devices to
              # update the ports back to the original devices.
              return (migration_context.new_pci_devices,
                      migration_context.old_pci_devices)
          return (migration_context.old_pci_devices,
                  migration_context.new_pci_devices)
  
      def _get_pci_mapping_for_migration(self, context, instance, migration):
          """Get the mapping between the old PCI devices and the new PCI
          devices that have been allocated during this migration.  The
          correlation is based on PCI request ID which is unique per PCI
          devices for SR-IOV ports.
  
          :param context:  The request context.
          :param instance: Get PCI mapping for this instance.
          :param migration: The migration for this instance.
          :Returns: dictionary of mapping {'<old pci address>': <New PciDevice>}
          """
          migration_context = instance.migration_context
          if not migration_context:
              return {}
  
          old_pci_devices, new_pci_devices = \
              self._get_pci_devices_from_migration_context(migration_context,
                                                           migration)
          if old_pci_devices and new_pci_devices:
              LOG.debug("Determining PCI devices mapping using migration "
                        "context: old_pci_devices: %(old)s, "
                        "new_pci_devices: %(new)s",
                        {'old': [dev for dev in old_pci_devices],
                         'new': [dev for dev in new_pci_devices]})
              return {old.address: new
                      for old in old_pci_devices
                          for new in new_pci_devices
                              if old.request_id == new.request_id}
          return {}
  
      def _update_port_binding_for_instance(self, context, instance, host,
                                            migration=None):
          neutron = get_client(context, admin=True)
          search_opts = {'device_id': instance.uuid,
                         'tenant_id': instance.project_id}
          data = neutron.list_ports(**search_opts)
          pci_mapping = None
          port_updates = []
          ports = data['ports']
          for p in ports:
              updates = {}
              binding_profile = _get_binding_profile(p)
  
              # If the host hasn't changed, like in the case of resizing to the
              # same host, there is nothing to do.
              if p.get(BINDING_HOST_ID) != host:
                  updates[BINDING_HOST_ID] = host
                  # If the host changed, the AZ could have also changed so we
                  # need to update the device_owner.
                  updates['device_owner'] = (
                          'compute:%s' % instance.availability_zone)
                  # NOTE: Before updating the port binding make sure we
                  # remove the pre-migration status from the binding profile
                  if binding_profile.get(MIGRATING_ATTR):
                      del binding_profile[MIGRATING_ATTR]
                      updates[BINDING_PROFILE] = binding_profile
  
              # Update port with newly allocated PCI devices.  Even if the
              # resize is happening on the same host, a new PCI device can be
              # allocated. Note that this only needs to happen if a migration
              # is in progress such as in a resize / migrate.  It is possible
              # that this function is called without a migration object, such
              # as in an unshelve operation.
              vnic_type = p.get('binding:vnic_type')
              if (vnic_type in network_model.VNIC_TYPES_SRIOV
                      and migration is not None):
                  if not pci_mapping:
                      pci_mapping = self._get_pci_mapping_for_migration(context,
                          instance, migration)
  
                  pci_slot = binding_profile.get('pci_slot')
                  new_dev = pci_mapping.get(pci_slot)
                  if new_dev:
                      binding_profile.update(
                          self._get_pci_device_profile(new_dev))
                      updates[BINDING_PROFILE] = binding_profile
                  else:
                      raise exception.PortUpdateFailed(port_id=p['id'],
                          reason=_("Unable to correlate PCI slot %s") %
                                   pci_slot)
  
              port_updates.append((p['id'], updates))
  
          # Avoid rolling back updates if we catch an error above.
          # TODO(lbeliveau): Batch up the port updates in one neutron call.
          for port_id, updates in port_updates:
              if updates:
                  LOG.info("Updating port %(port)s with "
                           "attributes %(attributes)s",
                           {"port": port_id, "attributes": updates},
                           instance=instance)
                  try:
                      neutron.update_port(port_id, {'port': updates})
                  except Exception:
                      with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                          LOG.exception("Unable to update binding details "
                                        "for port %s",
                                        port_id, instance=instance)
  
      def update_instance_vnic_index(self, context, instance, vif, index):
          """Update instance vnic index.
  
          When the 'VNIC index' extension is supported this method will update
          the vnic index of the instance on the port.
          """
          self._refresh_neutron_extensions_cache(context)
          if constants.VNIC_INDEX_EXT in self.extensions:
              neutron = get_client(context)
              port_req_body = {'port': {'vnic_index': index}}
              try:
                  neutron.update_port(vif['id'], port_req_body)
              except Exception:
                  with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
                      LOG.exception('Unable to update instance VNIC index '
                                    'for port %s.',
                                    vif['id'], instance=instance)
  
  
  def _ensure_requested_network_ordering(accessor, unordered, preferred):
      """Sort a list with respect to the preferred network ordering."""
      if preferred:
          unordered.sort(key=lambda i: preferred.index(accessor(i)))
  