text: #!/usr/bin/python
  # -*- coding:utf-8; tab-width:4; mode:python -*-
  
  import unittest
  
  from src.lists import P01, P02, P03, P04, P05, P06, P07, P08, P09, P10, P11
  
  class ListTests(unittest.TestCase):
      '''
      1.01 (*) Find the last element of a list.
      ?- my_last(X,[a,b,c,d]).
      X = d
      '''
      def test_P01(self):
          inputArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
          lastElement = P01.P01().get_last_element(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(lastElement, 'd')
  
      '''
      1.02 (*) Find the last but one element of a list.
      '''
      def test_P02(self):
          inputArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
          secondLastElement = P02.P02().get_second_last_element(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(secondLastElement, 'c')
  
      '''
      1.03 (*) Find the K'th element of a list.
      ?- element_at(X,[a,b,c,d,e],3).
      X = c
      '''
      def test_P03(self):
          inputArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
          selectedPosition = 3
          kthElement = P03.P03().get_kth_element(inputArray, selectedPosition)
          self.assertEqual(kthElement, 'd')
  
      def test_P03_1(self):
          inputArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
          selectedPosition = 5
          try:
              P03.P03().get_kth_element(inputArray, selectedPosition)
              self.assertFalse('This code should not be reached')
          except:
              self.assertTrue('Exception has been thrown')
  
      '''
      1.04 (*) Find the number of elements of a list.
      '''
      def test_P04(self):
          inputArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
          arrayLength = P04.P04().get_length(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(arrayLength, 5)
  
      '''
      1.05 (*) Reverse a list.
      '''
      def test_P05(self):
          inputArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
          reversedArray = P05.P05().get_reverse_list(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(reversedArray, ['e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'a'])
  
      '''
      1.06 (*) Find out whether a list is a palindrome.
      A palindrome can be read forward or backward; e.g. [x,a,m,a,x].
      '''
      def test_P06(self):
          inputArray = ['x', 'a', 'm', 'a', 'x']
          isPalindrome = P06.P06().is_palindrome(inputArray)
          self.assertTrue(isPalindrome)
  
      def test_P06_1(self):
          inputArray = ['x', 'b', 'm', 'a', 'x']
          isPalindrome = P06.P06().is_palindrome(inputArray)
          self.assertFalse(isPalindrome)
  
      '''
      1.07 (**) Flatten a nested list structure.
      Transform a list, possibly holding lists as elements into a 'flat' list by replacing each list with its elements (recursively).
  
      Example:
      ?- my_flatten([a, [b, [c, d], e]], X).
      X = [a, b, c, d, e]
      '''
      def test_P07(self):
          inputArray = ['a', ['b', ['c', 'd'], 'e']]
          flattenArray = P07.P07().get_flatten_array(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(flattenArray, ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'])
  
      '''
      1.08 (**) Eliminate consecutive duplicates of list elements.
      If a list contains repeated elements they should be replaced with a single copy of the element. The order of the elements should not be changed.
  
      Example:
      ?- compress([a,a,a,a,b,c,c,a,a,d,e,e,e,e],X).
      X = [a,b,c,a,d,e]
      '''
      def test_P08(self):
          inputArray = ['a','a','a','a','b','c','c','a','a','d','e','e','e','e']
          noDuplicates = P08.P08().get_remove_duplicates(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(noDuplicates, ['a','b','c','a','d','e'])
  
      '''
      1.09 (**) Pack consecutive duplicates of list elements into sublists.
      If a list contains repeated elements they should be placed in separate sublists.
  
      Example:
      ?- pack([a,a,a,a,b,c,c,a,a,d,e,e,e,e],X).
      X = [[a,a,a,a],[b],[c,c],[a,a],[d],[e,e,e,e]]
      '''
      def test_P09(self):
          inputArray = ['a','a','a','a','b','c','c','a','a','d','e','e','e','e']
          packedArray = P09.P09().get_packed_array(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(packedArray, [['a','a','a','a'],['b'],['c','c'],['a','a'],['d'],['e','e','e','e']])
  
      '''
      1.10 (*) Run-length encoding of a list.
      Use the result of problem 1.09 to implement the so-called run-length encoding data compression method. Consecutive duplicates of elements are encoded as terms [N,E] where N is the number of duplicates of the element E.
  
      Example:
      ?- encode([a,a,a,a,b,c,c,a,a,d,e,e,e,e],X).
      X = [[4,a],[1,b],[2,c],[2,a],[1,d],[4,e]]
      '''
      def test_P10(self):
          inputArray = ['a','a','a','a','b','c','c','a','a','d','e','e','e','e']
          encodingArray = P10.P10().get_encoding_array(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(encodingArray, [[4,'a'],[1,'b'],[2,'c'],[2,'a'],[1,'d'],[4,'e']])
  
      '''
      1.11 (*) Modified run-length encoding.
      Modify the result of problem 1.10 in such a way that if an element has no duplicates it is simply copied into the result list. Only elements with duplicates are transferred as [N,E] terms.
  
      Example:
      ?- encode_modified([a,a,a,a,b,c,c,a,a,d,e,e,e,e],X).
      X = [[4,a],b,[2,c],[2,a],d,[4,e]]
      '''
      def test_P11(self):
          inputArray = ['a','a','a','a','b','c','c','a','a','d','e','e','e','e']
          encodingArray = P11.P11().get_encoding_array_modified(inputArray)
          self.assertEqual(encodingArray, [[4,'a'],'b',[2,'c'],[2,'a'],'d',[4,'e']])
  
  
  '''
  1.12 (**) Decode a run-length encoded list.
  Given a run-length code list generated as specified in problem 1.11. Construct its uncompressed version.
  
  1.13 (**) Run-length encoding of a list (direct solution).
  Implement the so-called run-length encoding data compression method directly. I.e. don't explicitly create the sublists containing the duplicates, as in problem 1.09, but only count them. As in problem 1.11, simplify the result list by replacing the singleton terms [1,X] by X.
  
  Example:
  ?- encode_direct([a,a,a,a,b,c,c,a,a,d,e,e,e,e],X).
  X = [[4,a],b,[2,c],[2,a],d,[4,e]]
  
  1.14 (*) Duplicate the elements of a list.
  Example:
  ?- dupli([a,b,c,c,d],X).
  X = [a,a,b,b,c,c,c,c,d,d]
  
  1.15 (**) Duplicate the elements of a list a given number of times.
  Example:
  ?- dupli([a,b,c],3,X).
  X = [a,a,a,b,b,b,c,c,c]
  
  What are the results of the goal:
  ?- dupli(X,3,Y).
  
  1.16 (**) Drop every N'th element from a list.
  Example:
  ?- drop([a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,k],3,X).
  X = [a,b,d,e,g,h,k]
  
  1.17 (*) Split a list into two parts; the length of the first part is given.
  Do not use any predefined predicates.
  
  Example:
  ?- split([a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,k],3,L1,L2).
  L1 = [a,b,c]
  L2 = [d,e,f,g,h,i,k]
  
  1.18 (**) Extract a slice from a list.
  Given two indices, I and K, the slice is the list containing the elements between the I'th and K'th element of the original list (both limits included). Start counting the elements with 1.
  
  Example:
  ?- slice([a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,k],3,7,L).
   L = [c,d,e,f,g]
  
  1.19 (**) Rotate a list N places to the left.
  Examples:
  ?- rotate([a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h],3,X).
  X = [d,e,f,g,h,a,b,c]
  
  ?- rotate([a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h],-2,X).
  X = [g,h,a,b,c,d,e,f]
  
  Hint: Use the predefined predicates length/2 and append/3, as well as the result of problem 1.17.
  
  1.20 (*) Remove the K'th element from a list.
  Example:
  ?- remove_at(X,[a,b,c,d],2,R).
  X = b
  R = [a,c,d]
  
  1.21 (*) Insert an element at a given position into a list.
  Example:
  ?- insert_at(alfa,[a,b,c,d],2,L).
  L = [a,alfa,b,c,d]
  
  1.22 (*) Create a list containing all integers within a given range.
  Example:
  ?- range(4,9,L).
  L = [4,5,6,7,8,9]
  
  1.23 (**) Extract a given number of randomly selected elements from a list.
  The selected items shall be put into a result list.
  Example:
  ?- rnd_select([a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h],3,L).
  L = [e,d,a]
  
  Hint: Use the built-in random number generator random/2 and the result of problem 1.20.
  
  1.24 (*) Lotto: Draw N different random numbers from the set 1..M.
  The selected numbers shall be put into a result list.
  Example:
  ?- lotto(6,49,L).
  L = [23,1,17,33,21,37]
  
  Hint: Combine the solutions of problems 1.22 and 1.23.
  
  1.25 (*) Generate a random permutation of the elements of a list.
  Example:
  ?- rnd_permu([a,b,c,d,e,f],L).
  L = [b,a,d,c,e,f]
  
  Hint: Use the solution of problem 1.23.
  
  1.26 (**) Generate the combinations of K distinct objects chosen from the N elements of a list
  In how many ways can a committee of 3 be chosen from a group of 12 people? We all know that there are C(12,3) = 220 possibilities (C(N,K) denotes the well-known binomial coefficients). For pure mathematicians, this result may be great. But we want to really generate all the possibilities (via backtracking).
  
  Example:
  ?- combination(3,[a,b,c,d,e,f],L).
  L = [a,b,c] ;
  L = [a,b,d] ;
  L = [a,b,e] ;
  ...
  
  1.27 (**) Group the elements of a set into disjoint subsets.
  a) In how many ways can a group of 9 people work in 3 disjoint subgroups of 2, 3 and 4 persons? Write a predicate that generates all the possibilities via backtracking.
  
  Example:
  ?- group3([aldo,beat,carla,david,evi,flip,gary,hugo,ida],G1,G2,G3).
  G1 = [aldo,beat], G2 = [carla,david,evi], G3 = [flip,gary,hugo,ida]
  ...
  
  b) Generalize the above predicate in a way that we can specify a list of group sizes and the predicate will return a list of groups.
  
  Example:
  ?- group([aldo,beat,carla,david,evi,flip,gary,hugo,ida],[2,2,5],Gs).
  Gs = [[aldo,beat],[carla,david],[evi,flip,gary,hugo,ida]]
  ...
  
  Note that we do not want permutations of the group members; i.e. [[aldo,beat],...] is the same solution as [[beat,aldo],...]. However, we make a difference between [[aldo,beat],[carla,david],...] and [[carla,david],[aldo,beat],...].
  
  You may find more about this combinatorial problem in a good book on discrete mathematics under the term "multinomial coefficients".
  
  1.28 (**) Sorting a list of lists according to length of sublists
  a) We suppose that a list (InList) contains elements that are lists themselves. The objective is to sort the elements of InList according to their length. E.g. short lists first, longer lists later, or vice versa.
  
  Example:
  ?- lsort([[a,b,c],[d,e],[f,g,h],[d,e],[i,j,k,l],[m,n],[o]],L).
  L = [[o], [d, e], [d, e], [m, n], [a, b, c], [f, g, h], [i, j, k, l]]
  
  b) Again, we suppose that a list (InList) contains elements that are lists themselves. But this time the objective is to sort the elements of InList according to their length frequency; i.e. in the default, where sorting is done ascendingly, lists with rare lengths are placed first, others with a more frequent length come later.
  
  Example:
  ?- lfsort([[a,b,c],[d,e],[f,g,h],[d,e],[i,j,k,l],[m,n],[o]],L).
  L = [[i, j, k, l], [o], [a, b, c], [f, g, h], [d, e], [d, e], [m, n]]
  
  Note that in the above example, the first two lists in the result L have length 4 and 1, both lengths appear just once. The third and forth list have length 3; there are two list of this length. And finally, the last three lists have length 2. This is the most frequent length.
      '''
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      unittest.main()
  