text: /*global define*/
  define([
      './BoundingSphere',
      './Cartesian2',
      './Cartesian3',
      './Cartographic',
      './Check',
      './ComponentDatatype',
      './defaultValue',
      './defined',
      './defineProperties',
      './DeveloperError',
      './Ellipsoid',
      './Geometry',
      './GeometryAttribute',
      './GeometryAttributes',
      './GeometryInstance',
      './GeometryPipeline',
      './IndexDatatype',
      './Math',
      './Matrix3',
      './PolygonPipeline',
      './PrimitiveType',
      './Quaternion',
      './Rectangle',
      './RectangleGeometryLibrary',
      './VertexFormat'
  ], function(
      BoundingSphere,
      Cartesian2,
      Cartesian3,
      Cartographic,
      Check,
      ComponentDatatype,
      defaultValue,
      defined,
      defineProperties,
      DeveloperError,
      Ellipsoid,
      Geometry,
      GeometryAttribute,
      GeometryAttributes,
      GeometryInstance,
      GeometryPipeline,
      IndexDatatype,
      CesiumMath,
      Matrix3,
      PolygonPipeline,
      PrimitiveType,
      Quaternion,
      Rectangle,
      RectangleGeometryLibrary,
      VertexFormat) {
      'use strict';
  
      var positionScratch = new Cartesian3();
      var normalScratch = new Cartesian3();
      var tangentScratch = new Cartesian3();
      var bitangentScratch = new Cartesian3();
      var rectangleScratch = new Rectangle();
      var stScratch = new Cartesian2();
      var bottomBoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();
      var topBoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere();
  
      function createAttributes(vertexFormat, attributes) {
          var geo = new Geometry({
              attributes : new GeometryAttributes(),
              primitiveType : PrimitiveType.TRIANGLES
          });
  
          geo.attributes.position = new GeometryAttribute({
              componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.DOUBLE,
              componentsPerAttribute : 3,
              values : attributes.positions
          });
          if (vertexFormat.normal) {
              geo.attributes.normal = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 3,
                  values : attributes.normals
              });
          }
          if (vertexFormat.tangent) {
              geo.attributes.tangent = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 3,
                  values : attributes.tangents
              });
          }
          if (vertexFormat.bitangent) {
              geo.attributes.bitangent = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 3,
                  values : attributes.bitangents
              });
          }
          return geo;
      }
  
      function calculateAttributes(positions, vertexFormat, ellipsoid, tangentRotationMatrix) {
          var length = positions.length;
  
          var normals = (vertexFormat.normal) ? new Float32Array(length) : undefined;
          var tangents = (vertexFormat.tangent) ? new Float32Array(length) : undefined;
          var bitangents = (vertexFormat.bitangent) ? new Float32Array(length) : undefined;
  
          var attrIndex = 0;
          var bitangent = bitangentScratch;
          var tangent = tangentScratch;
          var normal = normalScratch;
          if (vertexFormat.normal || vertexFormat.tangent || vertexFormat.bitangent) {
              for (var i = 0; i < length; i += 3) {
                  var p = Cartesian3.fromArray(positions, i, positionScratch);
                  var attrIndex1 = attrIndex + 1;
                  var attrIndex2 = attrIndex + 2;
  
                  normal = ellipsoid.geodeticSurfaceNormal(p, normal);
                  if (vertexFormat.tangent || vertexFormat.bitangent) {
                      Cartesian3.cross(Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, normal, tangent);
                      Matrix3.multiplyByVector(tangentRotationMatrix, tangent, tangent);
                      Cartesian3.normalize(tangent, tangent);
  
                      if (vertexFormat.bitangent) {
                          Cartesian3.normalize(Cartesian3.cross(normal, tangent, bitangent), bitangent);
                      }
                  }
  
                  if (vertexFormat.normal) {
                      normals[attrIndex] = normal.x;
                      normals[attrIndex1] = normal.y;
                      normals[attrIndex2] = normal.z;
                  }
                  if (vertexFormat.tangent) {
                      tangents[attrIndex] = tangent.x;
                      tangents[attrIndex1] = tangent.y;
                      tangents[attrIndex2] = tangent.z;
                  }
                  if (vertexFormat.bitangent) {
                      bitangents[attrIndex] = bitangent.x;
                      bitangents[attrIndex1] = bitangent.y;
                      bitangents[attrIndex2] = bitangent.z;
                  }
                  attrIndex += 3;
              }
          }
          return createAttributes(vertexFormat, {
              positions : positions,
              normals : normals,
              tangents : tangents,
              bitangents : bitangents
          });
      }
  
      var v1Scratch = new Cartesian3();
      var v2Scratch = new Cartesian3();
  
      function calculateAttributesWall(positions, vertexFormat, ellipsoid) {
          var length = positions.length;
  
          var normals = (vertexFormat.normal) ? new Float32Array(length) : undefined;
          var tangents = (vertexFormat.tangent) ? new Float32Array(length) : undefined;
          var bitangents = (vertexFormat.bitangent) ? new Float32Array(length) : undefined;
  
          var normalIndex = 0;
          var tangentIndex = 0;
          var bitangentIndex = 0;
          var recomputeNormal = true;
  
          var bitangent = bitangentScratch;
          var tangent = tangentScratch;
          var normal = normalScratch;
          if (vertexFormat.normal || vertexFormat.tangent || vertexFormat.bitangent) {
              for (var i = 0; i < length; i += 6) {
                  var p = Cartesian3.fromArray(positions, i, positionScratch);
                  var p1 = Cartesian3.fromArray(positions, (i + 6) % length, v1Scratch);
                  if (recomputeNormal) {
                      var p2 = Cartesian3.fromArray(positions, (i + 3) % length, v2Scratch);
                      Cartesian3.subtract(p1, p, p1);
                      Cartesian3.subtract(p2, p, p2);
                      normal = Cartesian3.normalize(Cartesian3.cross(p2, p1, normal), normal);
                      recomputeNormal = false;
                  }
  
                  if (Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(p1, p, CesiumMath.EPSILON10)) { // if we've reached a corner
                      recomputeNormal = true;
                  }
  
                  if (vertexFormat.tangent || vertexFormat.bitangent) {
                      bitangent = ellipsoid.geodeticSurfaceNormal(p, bitangent);
                      if (vertexFormat.tangent) {
                          tangent = Cartesian3.normalize(Cartesian3.cross(bitangent, normal, tangent), tangent);
                      }
                  }
  
                  if (vertexFormat.normal) {
                      normals[normalIndex++] = normal.x;
                      normals[normalIndex++] = normal.y;
                      normals[normalIndex++] = normal.z;
                      normals[normalIndex++] = normal.x;
                      normals[normalIndex++] = normal.y;
                      normals[normalIndex++] = normal.z;
                  }
  
                  if (vertexFormat.tangent) {
                      tangents[tangentIndex++] = tangent.x;
                      tangents[tangentIndex++] = tangent.y;
                      tangents[tangentIndex++] = tangent.z;
                      tangents[tangentIndex++] = tangent.x;
                      tangents[tangentIndex++] = tangent.y;
                      tangents[tangentIndex++] = tangent.z;
                  }
  
                  if (vertexFormat.bitangent) {
                      bitangents[bitangentIndex++] = bitangent.x;
                      bitangents[bitangentIndex++] = bitangent.y;
                      bitangents[bitangentIndex++] = bitangent.z;
                      bitangents[bitangentIndex++] = bitangent.x;
                      bitangents[bitangentIndex++] = bitangent.y;
                      bitangents[bitangentIndex++] = bitangent.z;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          return createAttributes(vertexFormat, {
              positions : positions,
              normals : normals,
              tangents : tangents,
              bitangents : bitangents
          });
      }
  
      function constructRectangle(options) {
          var vertexFormat = options.vertexFormat;
          var ellipsoid = options.ellipsoid;
          var size = options.size;
          var height = options.height;
          var width = options.width;
  
          var positions = (vertexFormat.position) ? new Float64Array(size * 3) : undefined;
          var textureCoordinates = (vertexFormat.st) ? new Float32Array(size * 2) : undefined;
  
          var posIndex = 0;
          var stIndex = 0;
  
          var position = positionScratch;
          var st = stScratch;
  
          var minX = Number.MAX_VALUE;
          var minY = Number.MAX_VALUE;
          var maxX = -Number.MAX_VALUE;
          var maxY = -Number.MAX_VALUE;
  
          for (var row = 0; row < height; ++row) {
              for (var col = 0; col < width; ++col) {
                  RectangleGeometryLibrary.computePosition(options, row, col, position, st);
  
                  positions[posIndex++] = position.x;
                  positions[posIndex++] = position.y;
                  positions[posIndex++] = position.z;
  
                  if (vertexFormat.st) {
                      textureCoordinates[stIndex++] = st.x;
                      textureCoordinates[stIndex++] = st.y;
  
                      minX = Math.min(minX, st.x);
                      minY = Math.min(minY, st.y);
                      maxX = Math.max(maxX, st.x);
                      maxY = Math.max(maxY, st.y);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          if (vertexFormat.st && (minX < 0.0 || minY < 0.0 || maxX > 1.0 || maxY > 1.0)) {
              for (var k = 0; k < textureCoordinates.length; k += 2) {
                  textureCoordinates[k] = (textureCoordinates[k] - minX) / (maxX - minX);
                  textureCoordinates[k + 1] = (textureCoordinates[k + 1] - minY) / (maxY - minY);
              }
          }
  
          var geo = calculateAttributes(positions, vertexFormat, ellipsoid, options.tangentRotationMatrix);
  
          var indicesSize = 6 * (width - 1) * (height - 1);
          var indices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArray(size, indicesSize);
          var index = 0;
          var indicesIndex = 0;
          for (var i = 0; i < height - 1; ++i) {
              for (var j = 0; j < width - 1; ++j) {
                  var upperLeft = index;
                  var lowerLeft = upperLeft + width;
                  var lowerRight = lowerLeft + 1;
                  var upperRight = upperLeft + 1;
                  indices[indicesIndex++] = upperLeft;
                  indices[indicesIndex++] = lowerLeft;
                  indices[indicesIndex++] = upperRight;
                  indices[indicesIndex++] = upperRight;
                  indices[indicesIndex++] = lowerLeft;
                  indices[indicesIndex++] = lowerRight;
                  ++index;
              }
              ++index;
          }
  
          geo.indices = indices;
          if (vertexFormat.st) {
              geo.attributes.st = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 2,
                  values : textureCoordinates
              });
          }
  
          return geo;
      }
  
      function addWallPositions(wallPositions, posIndex, i, topPositions, bottomPositions) {
          wallPositions[posIndex++] = topPositions[i];
          wallPositions[posIndex++] = topPositions[i + 1];
          wallPositions[posIndex++] = topPositions[i + 2];
          wallPositions[posIndex++] = bottomPositions[i];
          wallPositions[posIndex++] = bottomPositions[i + 1];
          wallPositions[posIndex++] = bottomPositions[i + 2];
          return wallPositions;
      }
  
      function addWallTextureCoordinates(wallTextures, stIndex, i, st) {
          wallTextures[stIndex++] = st[i];
          wallTextures[stIndex++] = st[i + 1];
          wallTextures[stIndex++] = st[i];
          wallTextures[stIndex++] = st[i + 1];
          return wallTextures;
      }
  
      var scratchVertexFormat = new VertexFormat();
  
      function constructExtrudedRectangle(options) {
          var shadowVolume = options.shadowVolume;
          var vertexFormat = options.vertexFormat;
          var surfaceHeight = options.surfaceHeight;
          var extrudedHeight = options.extrudedHeight;
          var minHeight = Math.min(extrudedHeight, surfaceHeight);
          var maxHeight = Math.max(extrudedHeight, surfaceHeight);
  
          var height = options.height;
          var width = options.width;
          var ellipsoid = options.ellipsoid;
          var i;
  
          if (shadowVolume) {
              options.vertexFormat = VertexFormat.clone(vertexFormat, scratchVertexFormat);
              options.vertexFormat.normal = true;
          }
          var topBottomGeo = constructRectangle(options);
          if (CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(minHeight, maxHeight, CesiumMath.EPSILON10)) {
              return topBottomGeo;
          }
  
          var topPositions = PolygonPipeline.scaleToGeodeticHeight(topBottomGeo.attributes.position.values, maxHeight, ellipsoid, false);
          topPositions = new Float64Array(topPositions);
          var length = topPositions.length;
          var newLength = length * 2;
          var positions = new Float64Array(newLength);
          positions.set(topPositions);
          var bottomPositions = PolygonPipeline.scaleToGeodeticHeight(topBottomGeo.attributes.position.values, minHeight, ellipsoid);
          positions.set(bottomPositions, length);
          topBottomGeo.attributes.position.values = positions;
  
          var normals = (vertexFormat.normal) ? new Float32Array(newLength) : undefined;
          var tangents = (vertexFormat.tangent) ? new Float32Array(newLength) : undefined;
          var bitangents = (vertexFormat.bitangent) ? new Float32Array(newLength) : undefined;
          var textures = (vertexFormat.st) ? new Float32Array(newLength / 3 * 2) : undefined;
          var topSt;
          var topNormals;
          if (vertexFormat.normal) {
              topNormals = topBottomGeo.attributes.normal.values;
              normals.set(topNormals);
              for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                  topNormals[i] = -topNormals[i];
              }
              normals.set(topNormals, length);
              topBottomGeo.attributes.normal.values = normals;
          }
          if (shadowVolume) {
              topNormals = topBottomGeo.attributes.normal.values;
              if (!vertexFormat.normal) {
                  topBottomGeo.attributes.normal = undefined;
              }
              var extrudeNormals = new Float32Array(newLength);
              for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                  topNormals[i] = -topNormals[i];
              }
              extrudeNormals.set(topNormals, length); //only get normals for bottom layer that's going to be pushed down
              topBottomGeo.attributes.extrudeDirection = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 3,
                  values : extrudeNormals
              });
          }
  
          if (vertexFormat.tangent) {
              var topTangents = topBottomGeo.attributes.tangent.values;
              tangents.set(topTangents);
              for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                  topTangents[i] = -topTangents[i];
              }
              tangents.set(topTangents, length);
              topBottomGeo.attributes.tangent.values = tangents;
          }
          if (vertexFormat.bitangent) {
              var topBitangents = topBottomGeo.attributes.bitangent.values;
              bitangents.set(topBitangents);
              bitangents.set(topBitangents, length);
              topBottomGeo.attributes.bitangent.values = bitangents;
          }
          if (vertexFormat.st) {
              topSt = topBottomGeo.attributes.st.values;
              textures.set(topSt);
              textures.set(topSt, length / 3 * 2);
              topBottomGeo.attributes.st.values = textures;
          }
  
          var indices = topBottomGeo.indices;
          var indicesLength = indices.length;
          var posLength = length / 3;
          var newIndices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArray(newLength / 3, indicesLength * 2);
          newIndices.set(indices);
          for (i = 0; i < indicesLength; i += 3) {
              newIndices[i + indicesLength] = indices[i + 2] + posLength;
              newIndices[i + 1 + indicesLength] = indices[i + 1] + posLength;
              newIndices[i + 2 + indicesLength] = indices[i] + posLength;
          }
          topBottomGeo.indices = newIndices;
  
          var perimeterPositions = 2 * width + 2 * height - 4;
          var wallCount = (perimeterPositions + 4) * 2;
  
          var wallPositions = new Float64Array(wallCount * 3);
          var wallExtrudeNormals = shadowVolume ? new Float32Array(wallCount * 3) : undefined;
          var wallTextures = (vertexFormat.st) ? new Float32Array(wallCount * 2) : undefined;
  
          var posIndex = 0;
          var stIndex = 0;
          var extrudeNormalIndex = 0;
          var area = width * height;
          var threeI;
          for (i = 0; i < area; i += width) {
              threeI = i * 3;
              wallPositions = addWallPositions(wallPositions, posIndex, threeI, topPositions, bottomPositions);
              posIndex += 6;
              if (vertexFormat.st) {
                  wallTextures = addWallTextureCoordinates(wallTextures, stIndex, i * 2, topSt);
                  stIndex += 4;
              }
              if (shadowVolume) {
                  extrudeNormalIndex += 3;
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 1];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 2];
              }
          }
  
          for (i = area - width; i < area; i++) {
              threeI = i * 3;
              wallPositions = addWallPositions(wallPositions, posIndex, threeI, topPositions, bottomPositions);
              posIndex += 6;
              if (vertexFormat.st) {
                  wallTextures = addWallTextureCoordinates(wallTextures, stIndex, i * 2, topSt);
                  stIndex += 4;
              }
              if (shadowVolume) {
                  extrudeNormalIndex += 3;
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 1];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 2];
              }
          }
  
          for (i = area - 1; i > 0; i -= width) {
              threeI = i * 3;
              wallPositions = addWallPositions(wallPositions, posIndex, threeI, topPositions, bottomPositions);
              posIndex += 6;
              if (vertexFormat.st) {
                  wallTextures = addWallTextureCoordinates(wallTextures, stIndex, i * 2, topSt);
                  stIndex += 4;
              }
              if (shadowVolume) {
                  extrudeNormalIndex += 3;
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 1];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 2];
              }
          }
  
          for (i = width - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
              threeI = i * 3;
              wallPositions = addWallPositions(wallPositions, posIndex, threeI, topPositions, bottomPositions);
              posIndex += 6;
              if (vertexFormat.st) {
                  wallTextures = addWallTextureCoordinates(wallTextures, stIndex, i * 2, topSt);
                  stIndex += 4;
              }
              if (shadowVolume) {
                  extrudeNormalIndex += 3;
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 1];
                  wallExtrudeNormals[extrudeNormalIndex++] = topNormals[threeI + 2];
              }
          }
  
          var geo = calculateAttributesWall(wallPositions, vertexFormat, ellipsoid);
  
          if (vertexFormat.st) {
              geo.attributes.st = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 2,
                  values : wallTextures
              });
          }
          if (shadowVolume) {
              geo.attributes.extrudeDirection = new GeometryAttribute({
                  componentDatatype : ComponentDatatype.FLOAT,
                  componentsPerAttribute : 3,
                  values : wallExtrudeNormals
              });
          }
  
          var wallIndices = IndexDatatype.createTypedArray(wallCount, perimeterPositions * 6);
  
          var upperLeft;
          var lowerLeft;
          var lowerRight;
          var upperRight;
          length = wallPositions.length / 3;
          var index = 0;
          for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i += 2) {
              upperLeft = i;
              upperRight = (upperLeft + 2) % length;
              var p1 = Cartesian3.fromArray(wallPositions, upperLeft * 3, v1Scratch);
              var p2 = Cartesian3.fromArray(wallPositions, upperRight * 3, v2Scratch);
              if (Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(p1, p2, CesiumMath.EPSILON10)) {
                  continue;
              }
              lowerLeft = (upperLeft + 1) % length;
              lowerRight = (lowerLeft + 2) % length;
              wallIndices[index++] = upperLeft;
              wallIndices[index++] = lowerLeft;
              wallIndices[index++] = upperRight;
              wallIndices[index++] = upperRight;
              wallIndices[index++] = lowerLeft;
              wallIndices[index++] = lowerRight;
          }
  
          geo.indices = wallIndices;
  
          geo = GeometryPipeline.combineInstances([
              new GeometryInstance({
                  geometry : topBottomGeo
              }),
              new GeometryInstance({
                  geometry : geo
              })
          ]);
  
          return geo[0];
      }
  
      var scratchRotationMatrix = new Matrix3();
      var scratchCartesian3 = new Cartesian3();
      var scratchQuaternion = new Quaternion();
      var scratchRectanglePoints = [new Cartesian3(), new Cartesian3(), new Cartesian3(), new Cartesian3()];
      var scratchCartographicPoints = [new Cartographic(), new Cartographic(), new Cartographic(), new Cartographic()];
  
      function computeRectangle(rectangle, ellipsoid, rotation) {
          if (rotation === 0.0) {
              return Rectangle.clone(rectangle);
          }
  
          Rectangle.northeast(rectangle, scratchCartographicPoints[0]);
          Rectangle.northwest(rectangle, scratchCartographicPoints[1]);
          Rectangle.southeast(rectangle, scratchCartographicPoints[2]);
          Rectangle.southwest(rectangle, scratchCartographicPoints[3]);
  
          ellipsoid.cartographicArrayToCartesianArray(scratchCartographicPoints, scratchRectanglePoints);
  
          var surfaceNormal = ellipsoid.geodeticSurfaceNormalCartographic(Rectangle.center(rectangle, scratchCartesian3));
          Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(surfaceNormal, rotation, scratchQuaternion);
  
          Matrix3.fromQuaternion(scratchQuaternion, scratchRotationMatrix);
          for (var i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
              // Apply the rotation
              Matrix3.multiplyByVector(scratchRotationMatrix, scratchRectanglePoints[i], scratchRectanglePoints[i]);
          }
  
          ellipsoid.cartesianArrayToCartographicArray(scratchRectanglePoints, scratchCartographicPoints);
  
          return Rectangle.fromCartographicArray(scratchCartographicPoints);
      }
  
      /**
       * A description of a cartographic rectangle on an ellipsoid centered at the origin. Rectangle geometry can be rendered with both {@link Primitive} and {@link GroundPrimitive}.
       *
       * @alias RectangleGeometry
       * @constructor
       *
       * @param {Object} options Object with the following properties:
       * @param {Rectangle} options.rectangle A cartographic rectangle with north, south, east and west properties in radians.
       * @param {VertexFormat} [options.vertexFormat=VertexFormat.DEFAULT] The vertex attributes to be computed.
       * @param {Ellipsoid} [options.ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the rectangle lies.
       * @param {Number} [options.granularity=CesiumMath.RADIANS_PER_DEGREE] The distance, in radians, between each latitude and longitude. Determines the number of positions in the buffer.
       * @param {Number} [options.height=0.0] The distance in meters between the rectangle and the ellipsoid surface.
       * @param {Number} [options.rotation=0.0] The rotation of the rectangle, in radians. A positive rotation is counter-clockwise.
       * @param {Number} [options.stRotation=0.0] The rotation of the texture coordinates, in radians. A positive rotation is counter-clockwise.
       * @param {Number} [options.extrudedHeight] The distance in meters between the rectangle's extruded face and the ellipsoid surface.
       * @param {Boolean} [options.closeTop=true] Specifies whether the rectangle has a top cover when extruded.
       * @param {Boolean} [options.closeBottom=true] Specifies whether the rectangle has a bottom cover when extruded.
       *
       * @exception {DeveloperError} <code>options.rectangle.north</code> must be in the interval [<code>-Pi/2</code>, <code>Pi/2</code>].
       * @exception {DeveloperError} <code>options.rectangle.south</code> must be in the interval [<code>-Pi/2</code>, <code>Pi/2</code>].
       * @exception {DeveloperError} <code>options.rectangle.east</code> must be in the interval [<code>-Pi</code>, <code>Pi</code>].
       * @exception {DeveloperError} <code>options.rectangle.west</code> must be in the interval [<code>-Pi</code>, <code>Pi</code>].
       * @exception {DeveloperError} <code>options.rectangle.north</code> must be greater than <code>options.rectangle.south</code>.
       *
       * @see RectangleGeometry#createGeometry
       *
       * @demo {@link http://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Apps/Sandcastle/index.html?src=Rectangle.html|Cesium Sandcastle Rectangle Demo}
       *
       * @example
       * // 1. create an rectangle
       * var rectangle = new Cesium.RectangleGeometry({
       *   ellipsoid : Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
       *   rectangle : Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(-80.0, 39.0, -74.0, 42.0),
       *   height : 10000.0
       * });
       * var geometry = Cesium.RectangleGeometry.createGeometry(rectangle);
       *
       * // 2. create an extruded rectangle without a top
       * var rectangle = new Cesium.RectangleGeometry({
       *   ellipsoid : Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84,
       *   rectangle : Cesium.Rectangle.fromDegrees(-80.0, 39.0, -74.0, 42.0),
       *   height : 10000.0,
       *   extrudedHeight: 300000,
       *   closeTop: false
       * });
       * var geometry = Cesium.RectangleGeometry.createGeometry(rectangle);
       */
      function RectangleGeometry(options) {
          options = defaultValue(options, defaultValue.EMPTY_OBJECT);
  
          var rectangle = options.rectangle;
  
          //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
          Check.typeOf.object('rectangle', rectangle);
          Rectangle.validate(rectangle);
          if (rectangle.north < rectangle.south) {
              throw new DeveloperError('options.rectangle.north must be greater than or equal to options.rectangle.south');
          }
          //>>includeEnd('debug');
  
          var rotation = defaultValue(options.rotation, 0.0);
          this._rectangle = rectangle;
          this._granularity = defaultValue(options.granularity, CesiumMath.RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
          this._ellipsoid = Ellipsoid.clone(defaultValue(options.ellipsoid, Ellipsoid.WGS84));
          this._surfaceHeight = defaultValue(options.height, 0.0);
          this._rotation = rotation;
          this._stRotation = defaultValue(options.stRotation, 0.0);
          this._vertexFormat = VertexFormat.clone(defaultValue(options.vertexFormat, VertexFormat.DEFAULT));
          this._extrudedHeight = defaultValue(options.extrudedHeight, 0.0);
          this._extrude = defined(options.extrudedHeight);
          this._closeTop = defaultValue(options.closeTop, true);
          this._closeBottom = defaultValue(options.closeBottom, true);
          this._shadowVolume = defaultValue(options.shadowVolume, false);
          this._workerName = 'createRectangleGeometry';
          this._rotatedRectangle = computeRectangle(this._rectangle, this._ellipsoid, rotation);
      }
  
      /**
       * The number of elements used to pack the object into an array.
       * @type {Number}
       */
      RectangleGeometry.packedLength = Rectangle.packedLength + Ellipsoid.packedLength + VertexFormat.packedLength + Rectangle.packedLength + 9;
  
      /**
       * Stores the provided instance into the provided array.
       *
       * @param {RectangleGeometry} value The value to pack.
       * @param {Number[]} array The array to pack into.
       * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The index into the array at which to start packing the elements.
       *
       * @returns {Number[]} The array that was packed into
       */
      RectangleGeometry.pack = function(value, array, startingIndex) {
          //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
          Check.typeOf.object('value', value);
          Check.defined('array', array);
          //>>includeEnd('debug');
  
          startingIndex = defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
  
          Rectangle.pack(value._rectangle, array, startingIndex);
          startingIndex += Rectangle.packedLength;
  
          Ellipsoid.pack(value._ellipsoid, array, startingIndex);
          startingIndex += Ellipsoid.packedLength;
  
          VertexFormat.pack(value._vertexFormat, array, startingIndex);
          startingIndex += VertexFormat.packedLength;
  
          Rectangle.pack(value._rotatedRectangle, array, startingIndex);
          startingIndex += Rectangle.packedLength;
  
          array[startingIndex++] = value._granularity;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._surfaceHeight;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._rotation;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._stRotation;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._extrudedHeight;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._extrude ? 1.0 : 0.0;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._closeTop ? 1.0 : 0.0;
          array[startingIndex++] = value._closeBottom ? 1.0 : 0.0;
          array[startingIndex] = value._shadowVolume ? 1.0 : 0.0;
  
          return array;
      };
  
      var scratchRectangle = new Rectangle();
      var scratchRotatedRectangle = new Rectangle();
      var scratchEllipsoid = Ellipsoid.clone(Ellipsoid.UNIT_SPHERE);
      var scratchOptions = {
          rectangle : scratchRectangle,
          ellipsoid : scratchEllipsoid,
          vertexFormat : scratchVertexFormat,
          granularity : undefined,
          height : undefined,
          rotation : undefined,
          stRotation : undefined,
          extrudedHeight : undefined,
          closeTop : undefined,
          closeBottom : undefined,
          shadowVolume : undefined
      };
  
      /**
       * Retrieves an instance from a packed array.
       *
       * @param {Number[]} array The packed array.
       * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The starting index of the element to be unpacked.
       * @param {RectangleGeometry} [result] The object into which to store the result.
       * @returns {RectangleGeometry} The modified result parameter or a new RectangleGeometry instance if one was not provided.
       */
      RectangleGeometry.unpack = function(array, startingIndex, result) {
          //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
          Check.defined('array', array);
          //>>includeEnd('debug');
  
          startingIndex = defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
  
          var rectangle = Rectangle.unpack(array, startingIndex, scratchRectangle);
          startingIndex += Rectangle.packedLength;
  
          var ellipsoid = Ellipsoid.unpack(array, startingIndex, scratchEllipsoid);
          startingIndex += Ellipsoid.packedLength;
  
          var vertexFormat = VertexFormat.unpack(array, startingIndex, scratchVertexFormat);
          startingIndex += VertexFormat.packedLength;
  
          var rotatedRectangle = Rectangle.unpack(array, startingIndex, scratchRotatedRectangle);
          startingIndex += Rectangle.packedLength;
  
          var granularity = array[startingIndex++];
          var surfaceHeight = array[startingIndex++];
          var rotation = array[startingIndex++];
          var stRotation = array[startingIndex++];
          var extrudedHeight = array[startingIndex++];
          var extrude = array[startingIndex++] === 1.0;
          var closeTop = array[startingIndex++] === 1.0;
          var closeBottom = array[startingIndex++] === 1.0;
          var shadowVolume = array[startingIndex] === 1.0;
  
          if (!defined(result)) {
              scratchOptions.granularity = granularity;
              scratchOptions.height = surfaceHeight;
              scratchOptions.rotation = rotation;
              scratchOptions.stRotation = stRotation;
              scratchOptions.extrudedHeight = extrude ? extrudedHeight : undefined;
              scratchOptions.closeTop = closeTop;
              scratchOptions.closeBottom = closeBottom;
              scratchOptions.shadowVolume = shadowVolume;
              return new RectangleGeometry(scratchOptions);
          }
  
          result._rectangle = Rectangle.clone(rectangle, result._rectangle);
          result._ellipsoid = Ellipsoid.clone(ellipsoid, result._ellipsoid);
          result._vertexFormat = VertexFormat.clone(vertexFormat, result._vertexFormat);
          result._granularity = granularity;
          result._surfaceHeight = surfaceHeight;
          result._rotation = rotation;
          result._stRotation = stRotation;
          result._extrudedHeight = extrude ? extrudedHeight : undefined;
          result._extrude = extrude;
          result._closeTop = closeTop;
          result._closeBottom = closeBottom;
          result._rotatedRectangle = rotatedRectangle;
          result._shadowVolume = shadowVolume;
  
          return result;
      };
  
      var tangentRotationMatrixScratch = new Matrix3();
      var nwScratch = new Cartographic();
      var stNwScratch = new Cartographic();
      var quaternionScratch = new Quaternion();
      var centerScratch = new Cartographic();
      /**
       * Computes the geometric representation of an rectangle, including its vertices, indices, and a bounding sphere.
       *
       * @param {RectangleGeometry} rectangleGeometry A description of the rectangle.
       * @returns {Geometry|undefined} The computed vertices and indices.
       *
       * @exception {DeveloperError} Rotated rectangle is invalid.
       */
      RectangleGeometry.createGeometry = function(rectangleGeometry) {
          if ((CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(rectangleGeometry._rectangle.north, rectangleGeometry._rectangle.south, CesiumMath.EPSILON10) ||
               (CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(rectangleGeometry._rectangle.east, rectangleGeometry._rectangle.west, CesiumMath.EPSILON10)))) {
              return undefined;
          }
  
          var rectangle = Rectangle.clone(rectangleGeometry._rectangle, rectangleScratch);
          var ellipsoid = rectangleGeometry._ellipsoid;
          var surfaceHeight = rectangleGeometry._surfaceHeight;
          var extrude = rectangleGeometry._extrude;
          var extrudedHeight = rectangleGeometry._extrudedHeight;
          var rotation = rectangleGeometry._rotation;
          var stRotation = rectangleGeometry._stRotation;
          var vertexFormat = rectangleGeometry._vertexFormat;
  
          var options = RectangleGeometryLibrary.computeOptions(rectangleGeometry, rectangle, nwScratch, stNwScratch);
  
          var tangentRotationMatrix = tangentRotationMatrixScratch;
          if (stRotation !== 0 || rotation !== 0) {
              var center = Rectangle.center(rectangle, centerScratch);
              var axis = ellipsoid.geodeticSurfaceNormalCartographic(center, v1Scratch);
              Quaternion.fromAxisAngle(axis, -stRotation, quaternionScratch);
              Matrix3.fromQuaternion(quaternionScratch, tangentRotationMatrix);
          } else {
              Matrix3.clone(Matrix3.IDENTITY, tangentRotationMatrix);
          }
  
          options.lonScalar = 1.0 / rectangleGeometry._rectangle.width;
          options.latScalar = 1.0 / rectangleGeometry._rectangle.height;
          options.vertexFormat = vertexFormat;
          options.rotation = rotation;
          options.stRotation = stRotation;
          options.tangentRotationMatrix = tangentRotationMatrix;
          options.size = options.width * options.height;
  
          var geometry;
          var boundingSphere;
          rectangle = rectangleGeometry._rectangle;
          if (extrude) {
              options.shadowVolume = rectangleGeometry._shadowVolume;
              geometry = constructExtrudedRectangle(options);
              var topBS = BoundingSphere.fromRectangle3D(rectangle, ellipsoid, surfaceHeight, topBoundingSphere);
              var bottomBS = BoundingSphere.fromRectangle3D(rectangle, ellipsoid, extrudedHeight, bottomBoundingSphere);
              boundingSphere = BoundingSphere.union(topBS, bottomBS);
          } else {
              geometry = constructRectangle(options);
              geometry.attributes.position.values = PolygonPipeline.scaleToGeodeticHeight(geometry.attributes.position.values, surfaceHeight, ellipsoid, false);
              boundingSphere = BoundingSphere.fromRectangle3D(rectangle, ellipsoid, surfaceHeight);
          }
  
          if (!vertexFormat.position) {
              delete geometry.attributes.position;
          }
  
          return new Geometry({
              attributes : geometry.attributes,
              indices : geometry.indices,
              primitiveType : geometry.primitiveType,
              boundingSphere : boundingSphere
          });
      };
  
      /**
       * @private
       */
      RectangleGeometry.createShadowVolume = function(rectangleGeometry, minHeightFunc, maxHeightFunc) {
          var granularity = rectangleGeometry._granularity;
          var ellipsoid = rectangleGeometry._ellipsoid;
  
          var minHeight = minHeightFunc(granularity, ellipsoid);
          var maxHeight = maxHeightFunc(granularity, ellipsoid);
  
          // TODO: stRotation
          return new RectangleGeometry({
              rectangle : rectangleGeometry._rectangle,
              rotation : rectangleGeometry._rotation,
              ellipsoid : ellipsoid,
              stRotation : rectangleGeometry._stRotation,
              granularity : granularity,
              extrudedHeight : maxHeight,
              height : minHeight,
              closeTop : true,
              closeBottom : true,
              vertexFormat : VertexFormat.POSITION_ONLY,
              shadowVolume : true
          });
      };
  
      defineProperties(RectangleGeometry.prototype, {
          /**
           * @private
           */
          rectangle : {
              get : function() {
                  return this._rotatedRectangle;
              }
          }
      });
  
      return RectangleGeometry;
  });
  