text: import datetime
  
  from django.utils import timezone
  from django.test import TestCase
  from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
  
  from .models import Question
  
  
  def create_question(question_text, days):
      """
      Creates a question with the given `question_text` published the given
      number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
      in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
      """
      time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
      return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text,
                                     pub_date=time)
  
  
  class QuestionViewTests(TestCase):
      def test_index_view_with_no_questions(self):
          """
          If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
          """
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
  
      def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self):
          """
          Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the
          index page.
          """
          create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(
              response.context['latest_question_list'],
              ['<Question: Past question.>']
          )
  
      def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self):
          """
          Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on
          the index page.
          """
          create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.",
                              status_code=200)
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
  
      def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self):
          """
          Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
          should be displayed.
          """
          create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
          create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(
              response.context['latest_question_list'],
              ['<Question: Past question.>']
          )
  
      def test_index_view_with_two_past_questions(self):
          """
          The questions index page may display multiple questions.
          """
          create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
          create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(
              response.context['latest_question_list'],
              ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
          )
  
  
  class QuestionIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
      def test_detail_view_with_a_future_question(self):
          """
          The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future should
          return a 404 not found.
          """
          future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.',
                                            days=5)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                     args=(future_question.id,)))
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_detail_view_with_a_past_question(self):
          """
          The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past should
          display the question's text.
          """
          past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.',
                                          days=-5)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',
                                     args=(past_question.id,)))
          self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text,
                              status_code=200)
  
  
  class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
          """
          was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
          pub_date is in the future.
          """
          time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
          future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
          self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
  
      def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
          """
          was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
          pub_date is older than 1 day.
          """
          time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
          old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
          self.assertEqual(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
  
      def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
          """
          was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose
          pub_date is within the last day.
          """
          time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
          recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
          self.assertEqual(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
  