text: /** @file
  Enable SMM profile.
  
  Copyright (c) 2012 - 2019, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>
  Copyright (c) 2017 - 2020, AMD Incorporated. All rights reserved.<BR>
  
  SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent
  
  **/
  
  #include "PiSmmCpuDxeSmm.h"
  #include "SmmProfileInternal.h"
  
  UINT32                    mSmmProfileCr3;
  
  SMM_PROFILE_HEADER        *mSmmProfileBase;
  MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT        *mMsrDsAreaBase;
  //
  // The buffer to store SMM profile data.
  //
  UINTN                     mSmmProfileSize;
  
  //
  // The buffer to enable branch trace store.
  //
  UINTN                     mMsrDsAreaSize   = SMM_PROFILE_DTS_SIZE;
  
  //
  // The flag indicates if execute-disable is supported by processor.
  //
  BOOLEAN                   mXdSupported     = TRUE;
  
  //
  // The flag indicates if execute-disable is enabled on processor.
  //
  BOOLEAN                   mXdEnabled       = FALSE;
  
  //
  // The flag indicates if BTS is supported by processor.
  //
  BOOLEAN                   mBtsSupported     = TRUE;
  
  //
  // The flag indicates if SMM profile starts to record data.
  //
  BOOLEAN                   mSmmProfileStart = FALSE;
  
  //
  // The flag indicates if #DB will be setup in #PF handler.
  //
  BOOLEAN                   mSetupDebugTrap = FALSE;
  
  //
  // Record the page fault exception count for one instruction execution.
  //
  UINTN                     *mPFEntryCount;
  
  UINT64                    (*mLastPFEntryValue)[MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT];
  UINT64                    *(*mLastPFEntryPointer)[MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT];
  
  MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT        **mMsrDsArea;
  BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD       **mMsrBTSRecord;
  UINTN                     mBTSRecordNumber;
  PEBS_RECORD               **mMsrPEBSRecord;
  
  //
  // These memory ranges are always present, they does not generate the access type of page fault exception,
  // but they possibly generate instruction fetch type of page fault exception.
  //
  MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE   *mProtectionMemRange     = NULL;
  UINTN                     mProtectionMemRangeCount = 0;
  
  //
  // Some predefined memory ranges.
  //
  MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE mProtectionMemRangeTemplate[] = {
    //
    // SMRAM range (to be fixed in runtime).
    // It is always present and instruction fetches are allowed.
    //
    {{0x00000000, 0x00000000},TRUE,FALSE},
  
    //
    // SMM profile data range( to be fixed in runtime).
    // It is always present and instruction fetches are not allowed.
    //
    {{0x00000000, 0x00000000},TRUE,TRUE},
  
    //
    // SMRAM ranges not covered by mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase/mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSiz (to be fixed in runtime).
    // It is always present and instruction fetches are allowed.
    // {{0x00000000, 0x00000000},TRUE,FALSE},
    //
  
    //
    // Future extended range could be added here.
    //
  
    //
    // PCI MMIO ranges (to be added in runtime).
    // They are always present and instruction fetches are not allowed.
    //
  };
  
  //
  // These memory ranges are mapped by 4KB-page instead of 2MB-page.
  //
  MEMORY_RANGE              *mSplitMemRange          = NULL;
  UINTN                     mSplitMemRangeCount      = 0;
  
  //
  // SMI command port.
  //
  UINT32                    mSmiCommandPort;
  
  /**
    Disable branch trace store.
  
  **/
  VOID
  DisableBTS (
    VOID
    )
  {
    AsmMsrAnd64 (MSR_DEBUG_CTL, ~((UINT64)(MSR_DEBUG_CTL_BTS | MSR_DEBUG_CTL_TR)));
  }
  
  /**
    Enable branch trace store.
  
  **/
  VOID
  EnableBTS (
    VOID
    )
  {
    AsmMsrOr64 (MSR_DEBUG_CTL, (MSR_DEBUG_CTL_BTS | MSR_DEBUG_CTL_TR));
  }
  
  /**
    Get CPU Index from APIC ID.
  
  **/
  UINTN
  GetCpuIndex (
    VOID
    )
  {
    UINTN     Index;
    UINT32    ApicId;
  
    ApicId = GetApicId ();
  
    for (Index = 0; Index < mMaxNumberOfCpus; Index++) {
      if (gSmmCpuPrivate->ProcessorInfo[Index].ProcessorId == ApicId) {
        return Index;
      }
    }
    ASSERT (FALSE);
    return 0;
  }
  
  /**
    Get the source of IP after execute-disable exception is triggered.
  
    @param  CpuIndex        The index of CPU.
    @param  DestinationIP   The destination address.
  
  **/
  UINT64
  GetSourceFromDestinationOnBts (
    UINTN  CpuIndex,
    UINT64 DestinationIP
    )
  {
    BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD  *CurrentBTSRecord;
    UINTN                Index;
    BOOLEAN              FirstMatch;
  
    FirstMatch = FALSE;
  
    CurrentBTSRecord = (BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD *)mMsrDsArea[CpuIndex]->BTSIndex;
    for (Index = 0; Index < mBTSRecordNumber; Index++) {
      if ((UINTN)CurrentBTSRecord < (UINTN)mMsrBTSRecord[CpuIndex]) {
        //
        // Underflow
        //
        CurrentBTSRecord = (BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD *)((UINTN)mMsrDsArea[CpuIndex]->BTSAbsoluteMaximum - 1);
        CurrentBTSRecord --;
      }
      if (CurrentBTSRecord->LastBranchTo == DestinationIP) {
        //
        // Good! find 1st one, then find 2nd one.
        //
        if (!FirstMatch) {
          //
          // The first one is DEBUG exception
          //
          FirstMatch = TRUE;
        } else {
          //
          // Good find proper one.
          //
          return CurrentBTSRecord->LastBranchFrom;
        }
      }
      CurrentBTSRecord--;
    }
  
    return 0;
  }
  
  /**
    SMM profile specific INT 1 (single-step) exception handler.
  
    @param  InterruptType    Defines the type of interrupt or exception that
                             occurred on the processor.This parameter is processor architecture specific.
    @param  SystemContext    A pointer to the processor context when
                             the interrupt occurred on the processor.
  **/
  VOID
  EFIAPI
  DebugExceptionHandler (
      IN EFI_EXCEPTION_TYPE   InterruptType,
      IN EFI_SYSTEM_CONTEXT   SystemContext
    )
  {
    UINTN  CpuIndex;
    UINTN  PFEntry;
  
    if (!mSmmProfileStart &&
        !HEAP_GUARD_NONSTOP_MODE &&
        !NULL_DETECTION_NONSTOP_MODE) {
      return;
    }
    CpuIndex = GetCpuIndex ();
  
    //
    // Clear last PF entries
    //
    for (PFEntry = 0; PFEntry < mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex]; PFEntry++) {
      *mLastPFEntryPointer[CpuIndex][PFEntry] = mLastPFEntryValue[CpuIndex][PFEntry];
    }
  
    //
    // Reset page fault exception count for next page fault.
    //
    mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex] = 0;
  
    //
    // Flush TLB
    //
    CpuFlushTlb ();
  
    //
    // Clear TF in EFLAGS
    //
    ClearTrapFlag (SystemContext);
  }
  
  /**
    Check if the input address is in SMM ranges.
  
    @param[in]  Address       The input address.
  
    @retval TRUE     The input address is in SMM.
    @retval FALSE    The input address is not in SMM.
  **/
  BOOLEAN
  IsInSmmRanges (
    IN EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS   Address
    )
  {
    UINTN  Index;
  
    if ((Address >= mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase) && (Address < mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase + mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSize)) {
      return TRUE;
    }
    for (Index = 0; Index < mSmmCpuSmramRangeCount; Index++) {
      if (Address >= mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].CpuStart &&
          Address < mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].CpuStart + mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].PhysicalSize) {
        return TRUE;
      }
    }
    return FALSE;
  }
  
  /**
    Check if the memory address will be mapped by 4KB-page.
  
    @param  Address  The address of Memory.
    @param  Nx       The flag indicates if the memory is execute-disable.
  
  **/
  BOOLEAN
  IsAddressValid (
    IN EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS   Address,
    IN BOOLEAN                *Nx
    )
  {
    UINTN  Index;
  
    if (FeaturePcdGet (PcdCpuSmmProfileEnable)) {
      //
      // Check configuration
      //
      for (Index = 0; Index < mProtectionMemRangeCount; Index++) {
        if ((Address >= mProtectionMemRange[Index].Range.Base) && (Address < mProtectionMemRange[Index].Range.Top)) {
          *Nx = mProtectionMemRange[Index].Nx;
          return mProtectionMemRange[Index].Present;
        }
      }
      *Nx = TRUE;
      return FALSE;
  
    } else {
      *Nx = TRUE;
      if (IsInSmmRanges (Address)) {
        *Nx = FALSE;
      }
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Check if the memory address will be mapped by 4KB-page.
  
    @param  Address  The address of Memory.
  
  **/
  BOOLEAN
  IsAddressSplit (
    IN EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS   Address
    )
  {
    UINTN  Index;
  
    if (FeaturePcdGet (PcdCpuSmmProfileEnable)) {
      //
      // Check configuration
      //
      for (Index = 0; Index < mSplitMemRangeCount; Index++) {
        if ((Address >= mSplitMemRange[Index].Base) && (Address < mSplitMemRange[Index].Top)) {
          return TRUE;
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (Address < mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase) {
        if ((mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase - Address) < BASE_2MB) {
          return TRUE;
        }
      } else if (Address > (mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase + mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSize - BASE_2MB))  {
        if ((Address - (mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase + mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSize - BASE_2MB)) < BASE_2MB) {
          return TRUE;
        }
      }
    }
    //
    // Return default
    //
    return FALSE;
  }
  
  /**
    Initialize the protected memory ranges and the 4KB-page mapped memory ranges.
  
  **/
  VOID
  InitProtectedMemRange (
    VOID
    )
  {
    DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "InitProtectedMemRange()@%p\n", InitProtectedMemRange));
    UINTN                            Index;
    UINTN                            NumberOfDescriptors;
    UINTN                            NumberOfAddedDescriptors;
    UINTN                            NumberOfProtectRange;
    UINTN                            NumberOfSpliteRange;
    EFI_GCD_MEMORY_SPACE_DESCRIPTOR  *MemorySpaceMap;
    UINTN                            TotalSize;
    EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             ProtectBaseAddress;
    EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             ProtectEndAddress;
    EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             Top2MBAlignedAddress;
    EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             Base2MBAlignedAddress;
    UINT64                           High4KBPageSize;
    UINT64                           Low4KBPageSize;
  
    NumberOfDescriptors      = 0;
    NumberOfAddedDescriptors = mSmmCpuSmramRangeCount;
    NumberOfSpliteRange      = 0;
    MemorySpaceMap           = NULL;
  
    //
    // Get MMIO ranges from GCD and add them into protected memory ranges.
    //
    gDS->GetMemorySpaceMap (
         &NumberOfDescriptors,
         &MemorySpaceMap
         );
    for (Index = 0; Index < NumberOfDescriptors; Index++) {
      if (MemorySpaceMap[Index].GcdMemoryType == EfiGcdMemoryTypeMemoryMappedIo) {
        NumberOfAddedDescriptors++;
      }
    }
  
    if (NumberOfAddedDescriptors != 0) {
      TotalSize = NumberOfAddedDescriptors * sizeof (MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE) + sizeof (mProtectionMemRangeTemplate);
      mProtectionMemRange = (MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE *) AllocateZeroPool (TotalSize);
      ASSERT (mProtectionMemRange != NULL);
      mProtectionMemRangeCount = TotalSize / sizeof (MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE);
  
      //
      // Copy existing ranges.
      //
      CopyMem (mProtectionMemRange, mProtectionMemRangeTemplate, sizeof (mProtectionMemRangeTemplate));
  
      //
      // Create split ranges which come from protected ranges.
      //
      TotalSize = (TotalSize / sizeof (MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE)) * sizeof (MEMORY_RANGE);
      mSplitMemRange = (MEMORY_RANGE *) AllocateZeroPool (TotalSize);
      ASSERT (mSplitMemRange != NULL);
  
      //
      // Create SMM ranges which are set to present and execution-enable.
      //
      NumberOfProtectRange = sizeof (mProtectionMemRangeTemplate) / sizeof (MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE);
      for (Index = 0; Index < mSmmCpuSmramRangeCount; Index++) {
        if (mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].CpuStart >= mProtectionMemRange[0].Range.Base &&
            mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].CpuStart + mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].PhysicalSize < mProtectionMemRange[0].Range.Top) {
          //
          // If the address have been already covered by mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase/mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSiz
          //
          break;
        }
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Range.Base = mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].CpuStart;
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Range.Top  = mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].CpuStart + mSmmCpuSmramRanges[Index].PhysicalSize;
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Present    = TRUE;
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Nx         = FALSE;
        NumberOfProtectRange++;
      }
  
      //
      // Create MMIO ranges which are set to present and execution-disable.
      //
      for (Index = 0; Index < NumberOfDescriptors; Index++) {
        if (MemorySpaceMap[Index].GcdMemoryType != EfiGcdMemoryTypeMemoryMappedIo) {
          continue;
        }
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Range.Base = MemorySpaceMap[Index].BaseAddress;
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Range.Top  = MemorySpaceMap[Index].BaseAddress + MemorySpaceMap[Index].Length;
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Present    = TRUE;
        mProtectionMemRange[NumberOfProtectRange].Nx         = TRUE;
        NumberOfProtectRange++;
      }
  
      //
      // Check and updated actual protected memory ranges count
      //
      ASSERT (NumberOfProtectRange <= mProtectionMemRangeCount);
      mProtectionMemRangeCount = NumberOfProtectRange;
    }
  
    //
    // According to protected ranges, create the ranges which will be mapped by 2KB page.
    //
    NumberOfSpliteRange  = 0;
    NumberOfProtectRange = mProtectionMemRangeCount;
    for (Index = 0; Index < NumberOfProtectRange; Index++) {
      //
      // If MMIO base address is not 2MB alignment, make 2MB alignment for create 4KB page in page table.
      //
      ProtectBaseAddress = mProtectionMemRange[Index].Range.Base;
      ProtectEndAddress  = mProtectionMemRange[Index].Range.Top;
      if (((ProtectBaseAddress & (SIZE_2MB - 1)) != 0) || ((ProtectEndAddress  & (SIZE_2MB - 1)) != 0)) {
        //
        // Check if it is possible to create 4KB-page for not 2MB-aligned range and to create 2MB-page for 2MB-aligned range.
        // A mix of 4KB and 2MB page could save SMRAM space.
        //
        Top2MBAlignedAddress  = ProtectEndAddress & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
        Base2MBAlignedAddress = (ProtectBaseAddress + SIZE_2MB - 1) & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
        if ((Top2MBAlignedAddress > Base2MBAlignedAddress) &&
            ((Top2MBAlignedAddress - Base2MBAlignedAddress) >= SIZE_2MB)) {
          //
          // There is an range which could be mapped by 2MB-page.
          //
          High4KBPageSize = ((ProtectEndAddress + SIZE_2MB - 1) & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1)) - (ProtectEndAddress & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1));
          Low4KBPageSize  = ((ProtectBaseAddress + SIZE_2MB - 1) & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1)) - (ProtectBaseAddress & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1));
          if (High4KBPageSize != 0) {
            //
            // Add not 2MB-aligned range to be mapped by 4KB-page.
            //
            mSplitMemRange[NumberOfSpliteRange].Base = ProtectEndAddress & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
            mSplitMemRange[NumberOfSpliteRange].Top  = (ProtectEndAddress + SIZE_2MB - 1) & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
            NumberOfSpliteRange++;
          }
          if (Low4KBPageSize != 0) {
            //
            // Add not 2MB-aligned range to be mapped by 4KB-page.
            //
            mSplitMemRange[NumberOfSpliteRange].Base = ProtectBaseAddress & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
            mSplitMemRange[NumberOfSpliteRange].Top  = (ProtectBaseAddress + SIZE_2MB - 1) & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
            NumberOfSpliteRange++;
          }
        } else {
          //
          // The range could only be mapped by 4KB-page.
          //
          mSplitMemRange[NumberOfSpliteRange].Base = ProtectBaseAddress & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
          mSplitMemRange[NumberOfSpliteRange].Top  = (ProtectEndAddress + SIZE_2MB - 1) & ~(SIZE_2MB - 1);
          NumberOfSpliteRange++;
        }
      }
    }
  
    mSplitMemRangeCount = NumberOfSpliteRange;
  
    DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "SMM Profile Memory Ranges:\n"));
    for (Index = 0; Index < mProtectionMemRangeCount; Index++) {
      DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "mProtectionMemRange[%d].Base = %lx\n", Index, mProtectionMemRange[Index].Range.Base));
      DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "mProtectionMemRange[%d].Top  = %lx\n", Index, mProtectionMemRange[Index].Range.Top));
    }
    for (Index = 0; Index < mSplitMemRangeCount; Index++) {
      DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "mSplitMemRange[%d].Base = %lx\n", Index, mSplitMemRange[Index].Base));
      DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "mSplitMemRange[%d].Top  = %lx\n", Index, mSplitMemRange[Index].Top));
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Update page table according to protected memory ranges and the 4KB-page mapped memory ranges.
  
  **/
  VOID
  InitPaging (
    VOID
    )
  {
    UINT64                            Pml5Entry;
    UINT64                            Pml4Entry;
    UINT64                            *Pml5;
    UINT64                            *Pml4;
    UINT64                            *Pdpt;
    UINT64                            *Pd;
    UINT64                            *Pt;
    UINTN                             Address;
    UINTN                             Pml5Index;
    UINTN                             Pml4Index;
    UINTN                             PdptIndex;
    UINTN                             PdIndex;
    UINTN                             PtIndex;
    UINTN                             NumberOfPdptEntries;
    UINTN                             NumberOfPml4Entries;
    UINTN                             NumberOfPml5Entries;
    UINTN                             SizeOfMemorySpace;
    BOOLEAN                           Nx;
    IA32_CR4                          Cr4;
    BOOLEAN                           Enable5LevelPaging;
  
    Cr4.UintN = AsmReadCr4 ();
    Enable5LevelPaging = (BOOLEAN) (Cr4.Bits.LA57 == 1);
  
    if (sizeof (UINTN) == sizeof (UINT64)) {
      if (!Enable5LevelPaging) {
        Pml5Entry = (UINTN) mSmmProfileCr3 | IA32_PG_P;
        Pml5 = &Pml5Entry;
      } else {
        Pml5 = (UINT64*) (UINTN) mSmmProfileCr3;
      }
      SizeOfMemorySpace = HighBitSet64 (gPhyMask) + 1;
      //
      // Calculate the table entries of PML4E and PDPTE.
      //
      NumberOfPml5Entries = 1;
      if (SizeOfMemorySpace > 48) {
        NumberOfPml5Entries = (UINTN) LShiftU64 (1, SizeOfMemorySpace - 48);
        SizeOfMemorySpace = 48;
      }
  
      NumberOfPml4Entries = 1;
      if (SizeOfMemorySpace > 39) {
        NumberOfPml4Entries = (UINTN) LShiftU64 (1, SizeOfMemorySpace - 39);
        SizeOfMemorySpace = 39;
      }
  
      NumberOfPdptEntries = 1;
      ASSERT (SizeOfMemorySpace > 30);
      NumberOfPdptEntries = (UINTN) LShiftU64 (1, SizeOfMemorySpace - 30);
    } else {
      Pml4Entry = (UINTN) mSmmProfileCr3 | IA32_PG_P;
      Pml4 = &Pml4Entry;
      Pml5Entry = (UINTN) Pml4 | IA32_PG_P;
      Pml5 = &Pml5Entry;
      NumberOfPml5Entries  = 1;
      NumberOfPml4Entries  = 1;
      NumberOfPdptEntries  = 4;
    }
  
    //
    // Go through page table and change 2MB-page into 4KB-page.
    //
    for (Pml5Index = 0; Pml5Index < NumberOfPml5Entries; Pml5Index++) {
      if ((Pml5[Pml5Index] & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
        //
        // If PML5 entry does not exist, skip it
        //
        continue;
      }
      Pml4 = (UINT64 *) (UINTN) (Pml5[Pml5Index] & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
      for (Pml4Index = 0; Pml4Index < NumberOfPml4Entries; Pml4Index++) {
        if ((Pml4[Pml4Index] & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
          //
          // If PML4 entry does not exist, skip it
          //
          continue;
        }
        Pdpt = (UINT64 *)(UINTN)(Pml4[Pml4Index] & ~mAddressEncMask & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
        for (PdptIndex = 0; PdptIndex < NumberOfPdptEntries; PdptIndex++, Pdpt++) {
          if ((*Pdpt & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
            //
            // If PDPT entry does not exist, skip it
            //
            continue;
          }
          if ((*Pdpt & IA32_PG_PS) != 0) {
            //
            // This is 1G entry, skip it
            //
            continue;
          }
          Pd = (UINT64 *)(UINTN)(*Pdpt & ~mAddressEncMask & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
          if (Pd == 0) {
            continue;
          }
          for (PdIndex = 0; PdIndex < SIZE_4KB / sizeof (*Pd); PdIndex++, Pd++) {
            if ((*Pd & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
              //
              // If PD entry does not exist, skip it
              //
              continue;
            }
            Address = (UINTN) LShiftU64 (
                                LShiftU64 (
                                  LShiftU64 ((Pml5Index << 9) + Pml4Index, 9) + PdptIndex,
                                  9
                                  ) + PdIndex,
                                  21
                                );
  
            //
            // If it is 2M page, check IsAddressSplit()
            //
            if (((*Pd & IA32_PG_PS) != 0) && IsAddressSplit (Address)) {
              //
              // Based on current page table, create 4KB page table for split area.
              //
              ASSERT (Address == (*Pd & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK));
  
              Pt = AllocatePageTableMemory (1);
              ASSERT (Pt != NULL);
  
              // Split it
              for (PtIndex = 0; PtIndex < SIZE_4KB / sizeof(*Pt); PtIndex++) {
                Pt[PtIndex] = Address + ((PtIndex << 12) | mAddressEncMask | PAGE_ATTRIBUTE_BITS);
              } // end for PT
              *Pd = (UINT64)(UINTN)Pt | mAddressEncMask | PAGE_ATTRIBUTE_BITS;
            } // end if IsAddressSplit
          } // end for PD
        } // end for PDPT
      } // end for PML4
    } // end for PML5
  
    //
    // Go through page table and set several page table entries to absent or execute-disable.
    //
    DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "Patch page table start ...\n"));
    for (Pml5Index = 0; Pml5Index < NumberOfPml5Entries; Pml5Index++) {
      if ((Pml5[Pml5Index] & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
        //
        // If PML5 entry does not exist, skip it
        //
        continue;
      }
      Pml4 = (UINT64 *) (UINTN) (Pml5[Pml5Index] & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
      for (Pml4Index = 0; Pml4Index < NumberOfPml4Entries; Pml4Index++) {
        if ((Pml4[Pml4Index] & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
          //
          // If PML4 entry does not exist, skip it
          //
          continue;
        }
        Pdpt = (UINT64 *)(UINTN)(Pml4[Pml4Index] & ~mAddressEncMask & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
        for (PdptIndex = 0; PdptIndex < NumberOfPdptEntries; PdptIndex++, Pdpt++) {
          if ((*Pdpt & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
            //
            // If PDPT entry does not exist, skip it
            //
            continue;
          }
          if ((*Pdpt & IA32_PG_PS) != 0) {
            //
            // This is 1G entry, set NX bit and skip it
            //
            if (mXdSupported) {
              *Pdpt = *Pdpt | IA32_PG_NX;
            }
            continue;
          }
          Pd = (UINT64 *)(UINTN)(*Pdpt & ~mAddressEncMask & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
          if (Pd == 0) {
            continue;
          }
          for (PdIndex = 0; PdIndex < SIZE_4KB / sizeof (*Pd); PdIndex++, Pd++) {
            if ((*Pd & IA32_PG_P) == 0) {
              //
              // If PD entry does not exist, skip it
              //
              continue;
            }
            Address = (UINTN) LShiftU64 (
                                LShiftU64 (
                                  LShiftU64 ((Pml5Index << 9) + Pml4Index, 9) + PdptIndex,
                                  9
                                  ) + PdIndex,
                                  21
                                );
  
            if ((*Pd & IA32_PG_PS) != 0) {
              // 2MB page
  
              if (!IsAddressValid (Address, &Nx)) {
                //
                // Patch to remove Present flag and RW flag
                //
                *Pd = *Pd & (INTN)(INT32)(~PAGE_ATTRIBUTE_BITS);
              }
              if (Nx && mXdSupported) {
                *Pd = *Pd | IA32_PG_NX;
              }
            } else {
              // 4KB page
              Pt = (UINT64 *)(UINTN)(*Pd & ~mAddressEncMask & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
              if (Pt == 0) {
                continue;
              }
              for (PtIndex = 0; PtIndex < SIZE_4KB / sizeof(*Pt); PtIndex++, Pt++) {
                if (!IsAddressValid (Address, &Nx)) {
                  *Pt = *Pt & (INTN)(INT32)(~PAGE_ATTRIBUTE_BITS);
                }
                if (Nx && mXdSupported) {
                  *Pt = *Pt | IA32_PG_NX;
                }
                Address += SIZE_4KB;
              } // end for PT
            } // end if PS
          } // end for PD
        } // end for PDPT
      } // end for PML4
    } // end for PML5
  
    //
    // Flush TLB
    //
    CpuFlushTlb ();
    DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "Patch page table done!\n"));
    //
    // Set execute-disable flag
    //
    mXdEnabled = TRUE;
  
    return ;
  }
  
  /**
    To get system port address of the SMI Command Port in FADT table.
  
  **/
  VOID
  GetSmiCommandPort (
    VOID
    )
  {
    EFI_ACPI_2_0_FIXED_ACPI_DESCRIPTION_TABLE *Fadt;
  
    Fadt = (EFI_ACPI_2_0_FIXED_ACPI_DESCRIPTION_TABLE *) EfiLocateFirstAcpiTable (
                                                           EFI_ACPI_2_0_FIXED_ACPI_DESCRIPTION_TABLE_SIGNATURE
                                                           );
    ASSERT (Fadt != NULL);
  
    mSmiCommandPort = Fadt->SmiCmd;
    DEBUG ((EFI_D_INFO, "mSmiCommandPort = %x\n", mSmiCommandPort));
  }
  
  /**
    Updates page table to make some memory ranges (like system memory) absent
    and make some memory ranges (like MMIO) present and execute disable. It also
    update 2MB-page to 4KB-page for some memory ranges.
  
  **/
  VOID
  SmmProfileStart (
    VOID
    )
  {
    //
    // The flag indicates SMM profile starts to work.
    //
    mSmmProfileStart = TRUE;
  }
  
  /**
    Initialize SMM profile in SmmReadyToLock protocol callback function.
  
    @param  Protocol   Points to the protocol's unique identifier.
    @param  Interface  Points to the interface instance.
    @param  Handle     The handle on which the interface was installed.
  
    @retval EFI_SUCCESS SmmReadyToLock protocol callback runs successfully.
  **/
  EFI_STATUS
  EFIAPI
  InitSmmProfileCallBack (
    IN CONST EFI_GUID  *Protocol,
    IN VOID            *Interface,
    IN EFI_HANDLE      Handle
    )
  {
    //
    // Save to variable so that SMM profile data can be found.
    //
    gRT->SetVariable (
           SMM_PROFILE_NAME,
           &gEfiCallerIdGuid,
           EFI_VARIABLE_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS | EFI_VARIABLE_RUNTIME_ACCESS,
           sizeof(mSmmProfileBase),
           &mSmmProfileBase
           );
  
    //
    // Get Software SMI from FADT
    //
    GetSmiCommandPort ();
  
    //
    // Initialize protected memory range for patching page table later.
    //
    InitProtectedMemRange ();
  
    return EFI_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  /**
    Initialize SMM profile data structures.
  
  **/
  VOID
  InitSmmProfileInternal (
    VOID
    )
  {
    DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "InitSmmProfileInternal()@%p\n", InitSmmProfileInternal));
    EFI_STATUS                 Status;
    EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS       Base;
    VOID                       *Registration;
    UINTN                      Index;
    UINTN                      MsrDsAreaSizePerCpu;
    UINTN                      TotalSize;
  
    mPFEntryCount = (UINTN *)AllocateZeroPool (sizeof (UINTN) * mMaxNumberOfCpus);
    ASSERT (mPFEntryCount != NULL);
    mLastPFEntryValue = (UINT64  (*)[MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT])AllocateZeroPool (
                                                           sizeof (mLastPFEntryValue[0]) * mMaxNumberOfCpus);
    ASSERT (mLastPFEntryValue != NULL);
    mLastPFEntryPointer = (UINT64 *(*)[MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT])AllocateZeroPool (
                                                             sizeof (mLastPFEntryPointer[0]) * mMaxNumberOfCpus);
    ASSERT (mLastPFEntryPointer != NULL);
  
    //
    // Allocate memory for SmmProfile below 4GB.
    // The base address
    //
    mSmmProfileSize = PcdGet32 (PcdCpuSmmProfileSize);
    ASSERT ((mSmmProfileSize & 0xFFF) == 0);
  
    if (mBtsSupported) {
      TotalSize = mSmmProfileSize + mMsrDsAreaSize;
    } else {
      TotalSize = mSmmProfileSize;
    }
  
    Base = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    Status = gBS->AllocatePages (
                    AllocateMaxAddress,
                    EfiReservedMemoryType,
                    EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (TotalSize),
                    &Base
                    );
    ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
    ZeroMem ((VOID *)(UINTN)Base, TotalSize);
    mSmmProfileBase = (SMM_PROFILE_HEADER *)(UINTN)Base;
  
    //
    // Initialize SMM profile data header.
    //
    mSmmProfileBase->HeaderSize     = sizeof (SMM_PROFILE_HEADER);
    mSmmProfileBase->MaxDataEntries = (UINT64)((mSmmProfileSize - sizeof(SMM_PROFILE_HEADER)) / sizeof (SMM_PROFILE_ENTRY));
    mSmmProfileBase->MaxDataSize    = MultU64x64 (mSmmProfileBase->MaxDataEntries, sizeof(SMM_PROFILE_ENTRY));
    mSmmProfileBase->CurDataEntries = 0;
    mSmmProfileBase->CurDataSize    = 0;
    mSmmProfileBase->TsegStart      = mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase;
    mSmmProfileBase->TsegSize       = mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSize;
    mSmmProfileBase->NumSmis        = 0;
    mSmmProfileBase->NumCpus        = gSmmCpuPrivate->SmmCoreEntryContext.NumberOfCpus;
  
    if (mBtsSupported) {
      mMsrDsArea = (MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT **)AllocateZeroPool (sizeof (MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT *) * mMaxNumberOfCpus);
      ASSERT (mMsrDsArea != NULL);
      mMsrBTSRecord = (BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD **)AllocateZeroPool (sizeof (BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD *) * mMaxNumberOfCpus);
      ASSERT (mMsrBTSRecord != NULL);
      mMsrPEBSRecord = (PEBS_RECORD **)AllocateZeroPool (sizeof (PEBS_RECORD *) * mMaxNumberOfCpus);
      ASSERT (mMsrPEBSRecord != NULL);
  
      mMsrDsAreaBase  = (MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT *)((UINTN)Base + mSmmProfileSize);
      MsrDsAreaSizePerCpu = mMsrDsAreaSize / mMaxNumberOfCpus;
      mBTSRecordNumber    = (MsrDsAreaSizePerCpu - sizeof(PEBS_RECORD) * PEBS_RECORD_NUMBER - sizeof(MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT)) / sizeof(BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD);
      for (Index = 0; Index < mMaxNumberOfCpus; Index++) {
        mMsrDsArea[Index]     = (MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT *)((UINTN)mMsrDsAreaBase + MsrDsAreaSizePerCpu * Index);
        mMsrBTSRecord[Index]  = (BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD *)((UINTN)mMsrDsArea[Index] + sizeof(MSR_DS_AREA_STRUCT));
        mMsrPEBSRecord[Index] = (PEBS_RECORD *)((UINTN)mMsrDsArea[Index] + MsrDsAreaSizePerCpu - sizeof(PEBS_RECORD) * PEBS_RECORD_NUMBER);
  
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSBufferBase          = (UINTN)mMsrBTSRecord[Index];
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSIndex               = mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSBufferBase;
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSAbsoluteMaximum     = mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSBufferBase + mBTSRecordNumber * sizeof(BRANCH_TRACE_RECORD) + 1;
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSInterruptThreshold  = mMsrDsArea[Index]->BTSAbsoluteMaximum + 1;
  
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSBufferBase         = (UINTN)mMsrPEBSRecord[Index];
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSIndex              = mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSBufferBase;
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSAbsoluteMaximum    = mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSBufferBase + PEBS_RECORD_NUMBER * sizeof(PEBS_RECORD) + 1;
        mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSInterruptThreshold = mMsrDsArea[Index]->PEBSAbsoluteMaximum + 1;
      }
    }
  
    mProtectionMemRange      = mProtectionMemRangeTemplate;
    mProtectionMemRangeCount = sizeof (mProtectionMemRangeTemplate) / sizeof (MEMORY_PROTECTION_RANGE);
  
    //
    // Update TSeg entry.
    //
    mProtectionMemRange[0].Range.Base = mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase;
    mProtectionMemRange[0].Range.Top  = mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrBase + mCpuHotPlugData.SmrrSize;
  
    //
    // Update SMM profile entry.
    //
    mProtectionMemRange[1].Range.Base = (EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)(UINTN)mSmmProfileBase;
    mProtectionMemRange[1].Range.Top  = (EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)(UINTN)mSmmProfileBase + TotalSize;
  
    //
    // Allocate memory reserved for creating 4KB pages.
    //
    InitPagesForPFHandler ();
  
    //
    // Start SMM profile when SmmReadyToLock protocol is installed.
    //
    Status = gSmst->SmmRegisterProtocolNotify (
                      &gEfiSmmReadyToLockProtocolGuid,
                      InitSmmProfileCallBack,
                      &Registration
                      );
    ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
  
    return ;
  }
  
  /**
    Check if feature is supported by a processor.
  
  **/
  VOID
  CheckFeatureSupported (
    VOID
    )
  {
    UINT32                         RegEax;
    UINT32                         RegEcx;
    UINT32                         RegEdx;
    MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_REGISTER  MiscEnableMsr;
  
    if ((PcdGet32 (PcdControlFlowEnforcementPropertyMask) != 0) && mCetSupported) {
      AsmCpuid (CPUID_EXTENDED_FUNCTION, &RegEax, NULL, NULL, NULL);
      if (RegEax <= CPUID_EXTENDED_FUNCTION) {
        mCetSupported = FALSE;
        PatchInstructionX86 (mPatchCetSupported, mCetSupported, 1);
      }
      AsmCpuidEx (CPUID_STRUCTURED_EXTENDED_FEATURE_FLAGS, CPUID_STRUCTURED_EXTENDED_FEATURE_FLAGS_SUB_LEAF_INFO, NULL, NULL, &RegEcx, NULL);
      if ((RegEcx & CPUID_CET_SS) == 0) {
        mCetSupported = FALSE;
        PatchInstructionX86 (mPatchCetSupported, mCetSupported, 1);
      }
    }
  
    if (mXdSupported) {
      AsmCpuid (CPUID_EXTENDED_FUNCTION, &RegEax, NULL, NULL, NULL);
      if (RegEax <= CPUID_EXTENDED_FUNCTION) {
        //
        // Extended CPUID functions are not supported on this processor.
        //
        mXdSupported = FALSE;
        PatchInstructionX86 (gPatchXdSupported, mXdSupported, 1);
      }
  
      AsmCpuid (CPUID_EXTENDED_CPU_SIG, NULL, NULL, NULL, &RegEdx);
      if ((RegEdx & CPUID1_EDX_XD_SUPPORT) == 0) {
        //
        // Execute Disable Bit feature is not supported on this processor.
        //
        mXdSupported = FALSE;
        PatchInstructionX86 (gPatchXdSupported, mXdSupported, 1);
      }
  
      if (StandardSignatureIsAuthenticAMD ()) {
        //
        // AMD processors do not support MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE
        //
        PatchInstructionX86 (gPatchMsrIa32MiscEnableSupported, FALSE, 1);
      }
    }
  
    if (mBtsSupported) {
      AsmCpuid (CPUID_VERSION_INFO, NULL, NULL, NULL, &RegEdx);
      if ((RegEdx & CPUID1_EDX_BTS_AVAILABLE) != 0) {
        //
        // Per IA32 manuals:
        // When CPUID.1:EDX[21] is set, the following BTS facilities are available:
        // 1. The BTS_UNAVAILABLE flag in the IA32_MISC_ENABLE MSR indicates the
        //    availability of the BTS facilities, including the ability to set the BTS and
        //    BTINT bits in the MSR_DEBUGCTLA MSR.
        // 2. The IA32_DS_AREA MSR can be programmed to point to the DS save area.
        //
        MiscEnableMsr.Uint64 = AsmReadMsr64 (MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE);
        if (MiscEnableMsr.Bits.BTS == 1) {
          //
          // BTS facilities is not supported if MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE.BTS bit is set.
          //
          mBtsSupported = FALSE;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Enable single step.
  
  **/
  VOID
  ActivateSingleStepDB (
    VOID
    )
  {
    UINTN    Dr6;
  
    Dr6 = AsmReadDr6 ();
    if ((Dr6 & DR6_SINGLE_STEP) != 0) {
      return;
    }
    Dr6 |= DR6_SINGLE_STEP;
    AsmWriteDr6 (Dr6);
  }
  
  /**
    Enable last branch.
  
  **/
  VOID
  ActivateLBR (
    VOID
    )
  {
    UINT64  DebugCtl;
  
    DebugCtl = AsmReadMsr64 (MSR_DEBUG_CTL);
    if ((DebugCtl & MSR_DEBUG_CTL_LBR) != 0) {
      return ;
    }
    DebugCtl |= MSR_DEBUG_CTL_LBR;
    AsmWriteMsr64 (MSR_DEBUG_CTL, DebugCtl);
  }
  
  /**
    Enable branch trace store.
  
    @param  CpuIndex  The index of the processor.
  
  **/
  VOID
  ActivateBTS (
    IN      UINTN                     CpuIndex
    )
  {
    UINT64  DebugCtl;
  
    DebugCtl = AsmReadMsr64 (MSR_DEBUG_CTL);
    if ((DebugCtl & MSR_DEBUG_CTL_BTS) != 0) {
      return ;
    }
  
    AsmWriteMsr64 (MSR_DS_AREA, (UINT64)(UINTN)mMsrDsArea[CpuIndex]);
    DebugCtl |= (UINT64)(MSR_DEBUG_CTL_BTS | MSR_DEBUG_CTL_TR);
    DebugCtl &= ~((UINT64)MSR_DEBUG_CTL_BTINT);
    AsmWriteMsr64 (MSR_DEBUG_CTL, DebugCtl);
  }
  
  /**
    Increase SMI number in each SMI entry.
  
  **/
  VOID
  SmmProfileRecordSmiNum (
    VOID
    )
  {
    if (mSmmProfileStart) {
      mSmmProfileBase->NumSmis++;
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Initialize processor environment for SMM profile.
  
    @param  CpuIndex  The index of the processor.
  
  **/
  VOID
  ActivateSmmProfile (
    IN UINTN CpuIndex
    )
  {
    //
    // Enable Single Step DB#
    //
    ActivateSingleStepDB ();
  
    if (mBtsSupported) {
      //
      // We can not get useful information from LER, so we have to use BTS.
      //
      ActivateLBR ();
  
      //
      // Enable BTS
      //
      ActivateBTS (CpuIndex);
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Initialize SMM profile in SMM CPU entry point.
  
    @param[in] Cr3  The base address of the page tables to use in SMM.
  
  **/
  VOID
  InitSmmProfile (
    UINT32  Cr3
    )
  {
    DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "InitSmmProfile()@%p\n", InitSmmProfile));
    //
    // Save Cr3
    //
    mSmmProfileCr3 = Cr3;
    DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Page table CR3 = %p\n", Cr3));
  
    //
    // Skip SMM profile initialization if feature is disabled
    //
    if (!FeaturePcdGet (PcdCpuSmmProfileEnable) &&
        !HEAP_GUARD_NONSTOP_MODE &&
        !NULL_DETECTION_NONSTOP_MODE) {
        DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Skipping SMM profile initialization\n"));
      return;
    }
  
    //
    // Initialize SmmProfile here
    //
    InitSmmProfileInternal ();
  
    //
    // Initialize profile IDT.
    //
    InitIdtr ();
  
    //
    // Tell #PF handler to prepare a #DB subsequently.
    //
    mSetupDebugTrap = TRUE;
  }
  
  /**
    Update page table to map the memory correctly in order to make the instruction
    which caused page fault execute successfully. And it also save the original page
    table to be restored in single-step exception.
  
    @param  PageTable           PageTable Address.
    @param  PFAddress           The memory address which caused page fault exception.
    @param  CpuIndex            The index of the processor.
    @param  ErrorCode           The Error code of exception.
  
  **/
  VOID
  RestorePageTableBelow4G (
    UINT64        *PageTable,
    UINT64        PFAddress,
    UINTN         CpuIndex,
    UINTN         ErrorCode
    )
  {
    UINTN         PTIndex;
    UINTN         PFIndex;
    IA32_CR4      Cr4;
    BOOLEAN       Enable5LevelPaging;
  
    Cr4.UintN = AsmReadCr4 ();
    Enable5LevelPaging = (BOOLEAN) (Cr4.Bits.LA57 == 1);
  
    //
    // PML5
    //
    if (Enable5LevelPaging) {
      PTIndex = (UINTN)BitFieldRead64 (PFAddress, 48, 56);
      ASSERT (PageTable[PTIndex] != 0);
      PageTable = (UINT64*)(UINTN)(PageTable[PTIndex] & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
    }
  
    //
    // PML4
    //
    if (sizeof(UINT64) == sizeof(UINTN)) {
      PTIndex = (UINTN)BitFieldRead64 (PFAddress, 39, 47);
      ASSERT (PageTable[PTIndex] != 0);
      PageTable = (UINT64*)(UINTN)(PageTable[PTIndex] & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
    }
  
    //
    // PDPTE
    //
    PTIndex = (UINTN)BitFieldRead64 (PFAddress, 30, 38);
    ASSERT (PageTable[PTIndex] != 0);
    PageTable = (UINT64*)(UINTN)(PageTable[PTIndex] & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
  
    //
    // PD
    //
    PTIndex = (UINTN)BitFieldRead64 (PFAddress, 21, 29);
    if ((PageTable[PTIndex] & IA32_PG_PS) != 0) {
      //
      // Large page
      //
  
      //
      // Record old entries with non-present status
      // Old entries include the memory which instruction is at and the memory which instruction access.
      //
      //
      ASSERT (mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex] < MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT);
      if (mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex] < MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT) {
        PFIndex = mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex];
        mLastPFEntryValue[CpuIndex][PFIndex]   = PageTable[PTIndex];
        mLastPFEntryPointer[CpuIndex][PFIndex] = &PageTable[PTIndex];
        mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex]++;
      }
  
      //
      // Set new entry
      //
      PageTable[PTIndex] = (PFAddress & ~((1ull << 21) - 1));
      PageTable[PTIndex] |= (UINT64)IA32_PG_PS;
      PageTable[PTIndex] |= (UINT64)PAGE_ATTRIBUTE_BITS;
      if ((ErrorCode & IA32_PF_EC_ID) != 0) {
        PageTable[PTIndex] &= ~IA32_PG_NX;
      }
    } else {
      //
      // Small page
      //
      ASSERT (PageTable[PTIndex] != 0);
      PageTable = (UINT64*)(UINTN)(PageTable[PTIndex] & PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_MASK);
  
      //
      // 4K PTE
      //
      PTIndex = (UINTN)BitFieldRead64 (PFAddress, 12, 20);
  
      //
      // Record old entries with non-present status
      // Old entries include the memory which instruction is at and the memory which instruction access.
      //
      //
      ASSERT (mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex] < MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT);
      if (mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex] < MAX_PF_ENTRY_COUNT) {
        PFIndex = mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex];
        mLastPFEntryValue[CpuIndex][PFIndex]   = PageTable[PTIndex];
        mLastPFEntryPointer[CpuIndex][PFIndex] = &PageTable[PTIndex];
        mPFEntryCount[CpuIndex]++;
      }
  
      //
      // Set new entry
      //
      PageTable[PTIndex] = (PFAddress & ~((1ull << 12) - 1));
      PageTable[PTIndex] |= (UINT64)PAGE_ATTRIBUTE_BITS;
      if ((ErrorCode & IA32_PF_EC_ID) != 0) {
        PageTable[PTIndex] &= ~IA32_PG_NX;
      }
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Handler for Page Fault triggered by Guard page.
  
    @param  ErrorCode  The Error code of exception.
  
  **/
  VOID
  GuardPagePFHandler (
    UINTN ErrorCode
    )
  {
    UINT64                *PageTable;
    UINT64                PFAddress;
    UINT64                RestoreAddress;
    UINTN                 RestorePageNumber;
    UINTN                 CpuIndex;
  
    PageTable         = (UINT64 *)AsmReadCr3 ();
    PFAddress         = AsmReadCr2 ();
    CpuIndex          = GetCpuIndex ();
  
    //
    // Memory operation cross pages, like "rep mov" instruction, will cause
    // infinite loop between this and Debug Trap handler. We have to make sure
    // that current page and the page followed are both in PRESENT state.
    //
    RestorePageNumber = 2;
    RestoreAddress = PFAddress;
    while (RestorePageNumber > 0) {
      RestorePageTableBelow4G (PageTable, RestoreAddress, CpuIndex, ErrorCode);
      RestoreAddress += EFI_PAGE_SIZE;
      RestorePageNumber--;
    }
  
    //
    // Flush TLB
    //
    CpuFlushTlb ();
  }
  
  /**
    The Page fault handler to save SMM profile data.
  
    @param  Rip        The RIP when exception happens.
    @param  ErrorCode  The Error code of exception.
  
  **/
  VOID
  SmmProfilePFHandler (
    UINTN Rip,
    UINTN ErrorCode
    )
  {
    UINT64                *PageTable;
    UINT64                PFAddress;
    UINT64                RestoreAddress;
    UINTN                 RestorePageNumber;
    UINTN                 CpuIndex;
    UINTN                 Index;
    UINT64                InstructionAddress;
    UINTN                 MaxEntryNumber;
    UINTN                 CurrentEntryNumber;
    BOOLEAN               IsValidPFAddress;
    SMM_PROFILE_ENTRY     *SmmProfileEntry;
    UINT64                SmiCommand;
    EFI_STATUS            Status;
    UINT8                 SoftSmiValue;
    EFI_SMM_SAVE_STATE_IO_INFO    IoInfo;
  
    if (!mSmmProfileStart) {
      //
      // If SMM profile does not start, call original page fault handler.
      //
      SmiDefaultPFHandler ();
      return;
    }
  
    if (mBtsSupported) {
      DisableBTS ();
    }
  
    IsValidPFAddress  = FALSE;
    PageTable         = (UINT64 *)AsmReadCr3 ();
    PFAddress         = AsmReadCr2 ();
    CpuIndex          = GetCpuIndex ();
  
    //
    // Memory operation cross pages, like "rep mov" instruction, will cause
    // infinite loop between this and Debug Trap handler. We have to make sure
    // that current page and the page followed are both in PRESENT state.
    //
    RestorePageNumber = 2;
    RestoreAddress = PFAddress;
    while (RestorePageNumber > 0) {
      if (RestoreAddress <= 0xFFFFFFFF) {
        RestorePageTableBelow4G (PageTable, RestoreAddress, CpuIndex, ErrorCode);
      } else {
        RestorePageTableAbove4G (PageTable, RestoreAddress, CpuIndex, ErrorCode, &IsValidPFAddress);
      }
      RestoreAddress += EFI_PAGE_SIZE;
      RestorePageNumber--;
    }
  
    if (!IsValidPFAddress) {
      InstructionAddress = Rip;
      if ((ErrorCode & IA32_PF_EC_ID) != 0 && (mBtsSupported)) {
        //
        // If it is instruction fetch failure, get the correct IP from BTS.
        //
        InstructionAddress = GetSourceFromDestinationOnBts (CpuIndex, Rip);
        if (InstructionAddress == 0) {
          //
          // It indicates the instruction which caused page fault is not a jump instruction,
          // set instruction address same as the page fault address.
          //
          InstructionAddress = PFAddress;
        }
      }
  
      //
      // Indicate it is not software SMI
      //
      SmiCommand    = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
      for (Index = 0; Index < gSmst->NumberOfCpus; Index++) {
        Status = SmmReadSaveState(&mSmmCpu, sizeof(IoInfo), EFI_SMM_SAVE_STATE_REGISTER_IO, Index, &IoInfo);
        if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
          continue;
        }
        if (IoInfo.IoPort == mSmiCommandPort) {
          //
          // A software SMI triggered by SMI command port has been found, get SmiCommand from SMI command port.
          //
          SoftSmiValue = IoRead8 (mSmiCommandPort);
          SmiCommand = (UINT64)SoftSmiValue;
          break;
        }
      }
  
      SmmProfileEntry = (SMM_PROFILE_ENTRY *)(UINTN)(mSmmProfileBase + 1);
      //
      // Check if there is already a same entry in profile data.
      //
      for (Index = 0; Index < (UINTN) mSmmProfileBase->CurDataEntries; Index++) {
        if ((SmmProfileEntry[Index].ErrorCode   == (UINT64)ErrorCode) &&
            (SmmProfileEntry[Index].Address     == PFAddress) &&
            (SmmProfileEntry[Index].CpuNum      == (UINT64)CpuIndex) &&
            (SmmProfileEntry[Index].Instruction == InstructionAddress) &&
            (SmmProfileEntry[Index].SmiCmd      == SmiCommand)) {
          //
          // Same record exist, need not save again.
          //
          break;
        }
      }
      if (Index == mSmmProfileBase->CurDataEntries) {
        CurrentEntryNumber = (UINTN) mSmmProfileBase->CurDataEntries;
        MaxEntryNumber     = (UINTN) mSmmProfileBase->MaxDataEntries;
        if (FeaturePcdGet (PcdCpuSmmProfileRingBuffer)) {
          CurrentEntryNumber = CurrentEntryNumber % MaxEntryNumber;
        }
        if (CurrentEntryNumber < MaxEntryNumber) {
          //
          // Log the new entry
          //
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].SmiNum      = mSmmProfileBase->NumSmis;
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].ErrorCode   = (UINT64)ErrorCode;
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].ApicId      = (UINT64)GetApicId ();
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].CpuNum      = (UINT64)CpuIndex;
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].Address     = PFAddress;
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].Instruction = InstructionAddress;
          SmmProfileEntry[CurrentEntryNumber].SmiCmd      = SmiCommand;
          //
          // Update current entry index and data size in the header.
          //
          mSmmProfileBase->CurDataEntries++;
          mSmmProfileBase->CurDataSize = MultU64x64 (mSmmProfileBase->CurDataEntries, sizeof (SMM_PROFILE_ENTRY));
        }
      }
    }
    //
    // Flush TLB
    //
    CpuFlushTlb ();
  
    if (mBtsSupported) {
      EnableBTS ();
    }
  }
  
  /**
    Replace INT1 exception handler to restore page table to absent/execute-disable state
    in order to trigger page fault again to save SMM profile data..
  
  **/
  VOID
  InitIdtr (
    VOID
    )
  {
    EFI_STATUS                        Status;
  
    Status = SmmRegisterExceptionHandler (&mSmmCpuService, EXCEPT_IA32_DEBUG, DebugExceptionHandler);
    ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
  }
  