text: /*
   *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
   *  Universal interface for Audio Codec '97
   *
   *  For more details look to AC '97 component specification revision 2.2
   *  by Intel Corporation (http://developer.intel.com).
   *
   *
   *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   *   (at your option) any later version.
   *
   *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   *   GNU General Public License for more details.
   *
   *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
   *
   */
  
  #include <sound/driver.h>
  #include <linux/delay.h>
  #include <linux/init.h>
  #include <linux/slab.h>
  #include <linux/pci.h>
  #include <sound/core.h>
  #include <sound/pcm.h>
  #include <sound/ac97_codec.h>
  #include <sound/asoundef.h>
  #include <sound/initval.h>
  #include "ac97_local.h"
  #include "ac97_id.h"
  #include "ac97_patch.h"
  
  MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>");
  MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Universal interface for Audio Codec '97");
  MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  
  static int enable_loopback;
  
  MODULE_PARM(enable_loopback, "i");
  MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable_loopback, "Enable AC97 ADC/DAC Loopback Control");
  MODULE_PARM_SYNTAX(enable_loopback, SNDRV_BOOLEAN_FALSE_DESC);
  
  #define chip_t ac97_t
  
  /*
  
   */
  
  typedef struct {
  	unsigned int id;
  	unsigned int mask;
  	const char *name;
  	int (*patch)(ac97_t *ac97);
  	int (*mpatch)(ac97_t *ac97);
  } ac97_codec_id_t;
  
  static const ac97_codec_id_t snd_ac97_codec_id_vendors[] = {
  { 0x414b4d00, 0xffffff00, "Asahi Kasei",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x41445300, 0xffffff00, "Analog Devices",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4300, 0xffffff00, "Realtek",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4700, 0xffffff00, "Realtek",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x434d4900, 0xffffff00, "C-Media Electronics", NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x43525900, 0xffffff00, "Cirrus Logic",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x43585400, 0xffffff00, "Conexant",           NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x44543000, 0xffffff00, "Diamond Technology", NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x454d4300, 0xffffff00, "eMicro",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x45838300, 0xffffff00, "ESS Technology",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x48525300, 0xffffff00, "Intersil",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x49434500, 0xffffff00, "ICEnsemble",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x49544500, 0xffffff00, "ITE Tech.Inc",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x4e534300, 0xffffff00, "National Semiconductor", NULL, NULL },
  { 0x50534300, 0xffffff00, "Philips",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x53494c00, 0xffffff00, "Silicon Laboratory",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x54524100, 0xffffff00, "TriTech",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x54584e00, 0xffffff00, "Texas Instruments",	NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x56494100, 0xffffff00, "VIA Technologies",   NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x57454300, 0xffffff00, "Winbond",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x574d4c00, 0xffffff00, "Wolfson",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x594d4800, 0xffffff00, "Yamaha",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0x83847600, 0xffffff00, "SigmaTel",		NULL,	NULL },
  { 0,	      0, 	  NULL,			NULL,	NULL }
  };
  
  static const ac97_codec_id_t snd_ac97_codec_ids[] = {
  { 0x414b4d00, 0xffffffff, "AK4540",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414b4d01, 0xffffffff, "AK4542",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414b4d02, 0xffffffff, "AK4543",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414b4d06, 0xffffffff, "AK4544A",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414b4d07, 0xffffffff, "AK4545",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x41445303, 0xffffffff, "AD1819",		patch_ad1819,	NULL },
  { 0x41445340, 0xffffffff, "AD1881",		patch_ad1881,	NULL },
  { 0x41445348, 0xffffffff, "AD1881A",		patch_ad1881,	NULL },
  { 0x41445360, 0xffffffff, "AD1885",		patch_ad1885,	NULL },
  { 0x41445361, 0xffffffff, "AD1886",		patch_ad1886,	NULL },
  { 0x41445362, 0xffffffff, "AD1887",		patch_ad1881,	NULL },
  { 0x41445363, 0xffffffff, "AD1886A",		patch_ad1881,	NULL },
  { 0x41445370, 0xffffffff, "AD1980",		patch_ad1980,	NULL },
  { 0x41445372, 0xffffffff, "AD1981A",		patch_ad1881,	NULL },
  { 0x41445374, 0xffffffff, "AD1981B",		patch_ad1881,	NULL },
  { 0x41445375, 0xffffffff, "AD1985",		patch_ad1985,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4300, 0xfffffff0, "RL5306",	 	NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4310, 0xfffffff0, "RL5382", 		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4320, 0xfffffff0, "RL5383", 		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4710, 0xfffffff0, "ALC200/200P",	NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4720, 0xfffffff0, "ALC650",		patch_alc650,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4721, 0xfffffff0, "ALC650D",		patch_alc650,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4722, 0xfffffff0, "ALC650E",		patch_alc650,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4723, 0xfffffff0, "ALC650F",		patch_alc650,	NULL },
  { 0x414c4730, 0xffffffff, "ALC101",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4740, 0xfffffff0, "ALC202",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4750, 0xfffffff0, "ALC250",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x414c4770, 0xfffffff0, "ALC203",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x434d4941, 0xffffffff, "CMI9738",		patch_cm9738,	NULL },
  { 0x434d4961, 0xffffffff, "CMI9739",		patch_cm9739,	NULL },
  { 0x43525900, 0xfffffff8, "CS4297",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x43525910, 0xfffffff8, "CS4297A",		patch_cirrus_spdif,	NULL },
  { 0x43525920, 0xfffffff8, "CS4294/4298",	NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x43525928, 0xfffffff8, "CS4294",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x43525930, 0xfffffff8, "CS4299",		patch_cirrus_cs4299,	NULL },
  { 0x43525948, 0xfffffff8, "CS4201",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x43525958, 0xfffffff8, "CS4205",		patch_cirrus_spdif,	NULL },
  { 0x43525960, 0xfffffff8, "CS4291",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x43525970, 0xfffffff8, "CS4202",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x43585421, 0xffffffff, "HSD11246",		NULL,		NULL },	// SmartMC II
  { 0x43585428, 0xfffffff8, "Cx20468",		patch_conexant,	NULL }, // SmartAMC fixme: the mask might be different
  { 0x44543031, 0xfffffff0, "DT0398",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x454d4328, 0xffffffff, "28028",		NULL,		NULL },  // same as TR28028?
  { 0x45838308, 0xffffffff, "ESS1988",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x48525300, 0xffffff00, "HMP9701",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x49434501, 0xffffffff, "ICE1230",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x49434511, 0xffffffff, "ICE1232",		NULL,		NULL }, // alias VIA VT1611A?
  { 0x49434514, 0xffffffff, "ICE1232A",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x49434551, 0xffffffff, "VT1616", 		patch_vt1616,	NULL }, 
  { 0x49434552, 0xffffffff, "VT1616i",		patch_vt1616,	NULL }, // VT1616 compatible (chipset integrated)
  { 0x49544520, 0xffffffff, "IT2226E",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x4e534300, 0xffffffff, "LM4540/43/45/46/48",	NULL,		NULL }, // only guess --jk
  { 0x4e534331, 0xffffffff, "LM4549",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x4e534350, 0xffffffff, "LM4550",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x50534304, 0xffffffff, "UCB1400",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x53494c20, 0xffffffe0, "Si3036/8",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x54524102, 0xffffffff, "TR28022",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x54524106, 0xffffffff, "TR28026",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x54524108, 0xffffffff, "TR28028",		patch_tritech_tr28028,	NULL }, // added by xin jin [07/09/99]
  { 0x54524123, 0xffffffff, "TR28602",		NULL,		NULL }, // only guess --jk [TR28023 = eMicro EM28023 (new CT1297)]
  { 0x54584e20, 0xffffffff, "TLC320AD9xC",	NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x56494161, 0xffffffff, "VIA1612A",		NULL,		NULL }, // modified ICE1232 with S/PDIF
  { 0x57454301, 0xffffffff, "W83971D",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x574d4c00, 0xffffffff, "WM9701A",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x574d4C03, 0xffffffff, "WM9703/WM9707/WM9708/WM9717", patch_wolfson03, NULL},
  { 0x574d4C04, 0xffffffff, "WM9704M/WM9704Q",	patch_wolfson04, NULL},
  { 0x574d4C05, 0xffffffff, "WM9705/WM9710",	patch_wolfson05, NULL},
  { 0x574d4C09, 0xffffffff, "WM9709",		NULL,		NULL},
  { 0x574d4C12, 0xffffffff, "WM9711/WM9712",	patch_wolfson11, NULL},
  { 0x594d4800, 0xffffffff, "YMF743",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x594d4802, 0xffffffff, "YMF752",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x594d4803, 0xffffffff, "YMF753",		patch_yamaha_ymf753,	NULL },
  { 0x83847600, 0xffffffff, "STAC9700/83/84",	patch_sigmatel_stac9700,	NULL },
  { 0x83847604, 0xffffffff, "STAC9701/3/4/5",	NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x83847605, 0xffffffff, "STAC9704",		NULL,		NULL },
  { 0x83847608, 0xffffffff, "STAC9708/11",	patch_sigmatel_stac9708,	NULL },
  { 0x83847609, 0xffffffff, "STAC9721/23",	patch_sigmatel_stac9721,	NULL },
  { 0x83847644, 0xffffffff, "STAC9744",		patch_sigmatel_stac9744,	NULL },
  { 0x83847650, 0xffffffff, "STAC9750/51",	NULL,		NULL },	// patch?
  { 0x83847652, 0xffffffff, "STAC9752/53",	NULL,		NULL }, // patch?
  { 0x83847656, 0xffffffff, "STAC9756/57",	patch_sigmatel_stac9756,	NULL },
  { 0x83847666, 0xffffffff, "STAC9766/67",	NULL,		NULL }, // patch?
  { 0, 	      0,	  NULL,			NULL,		NULL }
  };
  
  const char *snd_ac97_stereo_enhancements[] =
  {
    /*   0 */ "No 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*   1 */ "Analog Devices Phat Stereo",
    /*   2 */ "Creative Stereo Enhancement",
    /*   3 */ "National Semi 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*   4 */ "YAMAHA Ymersion",
    /*   5 */ "BBE 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*   6 */ "Crystal Semi 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*   7 */ "Qsound QXpander",
    /*   8 */ "Spatializer 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*   9 */ "SRS 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  10 */ "Platform Tech 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  11 */ "AKM 3D Audio",
    /*  12 */ "Aureal Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  13 */ "Aztech 3D Enhancement",
    /*  14 */ "Binaura 3D Audio Enhancement",
    /*  15 */ "ESS Technology Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  16 */ "Harman International VMAx",
    /*  17 */ "Nvidea/IC Ensemble/KS Waves 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  18 */ "Philips Incredible Sound",
    /*  19 */ "Texas Instruments 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  20 */ "VLSI Technology 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  21 */ "TriTech 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  22 */ "Realtek 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  23 */ "Samsung 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  24 */ "Wolfson Microelectronics 3D Enhancement",
    /*  25 */ "Delta Integration 3D Enhancement",
    /*  26 */ "SigmaTel 3D Enhancement",
    /*  27 */ "Reserved 27",
    /*  28 */ "Rockwell 3D Stereo Enhancement",
    /*  29 */ "Reserved 29",
    /*  30 */ "Reserved 30",
    /*  31 */ "Reserved 31"
  };
  
  /*
   *  I/O routines
   */
  
  static int snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short reg)
  {
  	if (ac97->limited_regs && ! test_bit(reg, ac97->reg_accessed))
    		return 0;
  
  	/* filter some registers for buggy codecs */
  	switch (ac97->id) {
  	case AC97_ID_AK4540:
  	case AC97_ID_AK4542:
  		if (reg <= 0x1c || reg == 0x20 || reg == 0x26 || reg >= 0x7c)
  			return 1;
  		return 0;
  	case AC97_ID_AD1819:	/* AD1819 */
  	case AC97_ID_AD1881:	/* AD1881 */
  	case AC97_ID_AD1881A:	/* AD1881A */
  		if (reg >= 0x3a && reg <= 0x6e)	/* 0x59 */
  			return 0;
  		return 1;
  	case AC97_ID_AD1885:	/* AD1885 */
  	case AC97_ID_AD1886:	/* AD1886 */
  	case AC97_ID_AD1886A:	/* AD1886A - !!verify!! --jk */
  	case AC97_ID_AD1887:	/* AD1887 - !!verify!! --jk */
  		if (reg == 0x5a)
  			return 1;
  		if (reg >= 0x3c && reg <= 0x6e)	/* 0x59 */
  			return 0;
  		return 1;
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9700:
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9704:
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9705:
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9708:
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9721:
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9744:
  	case AC97_ID_STAC9756:
  		if (reg <= 0x3a || reg >= 0x5a)
  			return 1;
  		return 0;
  	}
  	return 1;
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_write - write a value on the given register
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @reg: the register to change
   * @value: the value to set
   *
   * Writes a value on the given register.  This will invoke the write
   * callback directly after the register check.
   * This function doesn't change the register cache unlike
   * #snd_ca97_write_cache(), so use this only when you don't want to
   * reflect the change to the suspend/resume state.
   */
  void snd_ac97_write(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short reg, unsigned short value)
  {
  	if (!snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97, reg))
  		return;
  	ac97->write(ac97, reg, value);
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_read - read a value from the given register
   * 
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @reg: the register to read
   *
   * Reads a value from the given register.  This will invoke the read
   * callback directly after the register check.
   *
   * Returns the read value.
   */
  unsigned short snd_ac97_read(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short reg)
  {
  	if (!snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97, reg))
  		return 0;
  	return ac97->read(ac97, reg);
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_write_cache - write a value on the given register and update the cache
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @reg: the register to change
   * @value: the value to set
   *
   * Writes a value on the given register and updates the register
   * cache.  The cached values are used for the cached-read and the
   * suspend/resume.
   */
  void snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short reg, unsigned short value)
  {
  	if (!snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97, reg))
  		return;
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	ac97->regs[reg] = value;
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	ac97->write(ac97, reg, value);
  	set_bit(reg, ac97->reg_accessed);
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_update - update the value on the given register
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @reg: the register to change
   * @value: the value to set
   *
   * Compares the value with the register cache and updates the value
   * only when the value is changed.
   *
   * Returns 1 if the value is changed, 0 if no change, or a negative
   * code on failure.
   */
  int snd_ac97_update(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short reg, unsigned short value)
  {
  	int change;
  
  	if (!snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97, reg))
  		return -EINVAL;
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	change = ac97->regs[reg] != value;
  	if (change) {
  		ac97->regs[reg] = value;
  		spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  		ac97->write(ac97, reg, value);
  	} else
  		spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	return change;
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_update_bits - update the bits on the given register
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @reg: the register to change
   * @mask: the bit-mask to change
   * @value: the value to set
   *
   * Updates the masked-bits on the given register only when the value
   * is changed.
   *
   * Returns 1 if the bits are changed, 0 if no change, or a negative
   * code on failure.
   */
  int snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short reg, unsigned short mask, unsigned short value)
  {
  	int change;
  	unsigned short old, new;
  
  	if (!snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97, reg))
  		return -EINVAL;
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	old = ac97->regs[reg];
  	new = (old & ~mask) | value;
  	change = old != new;
  	if (change) {
  		ac97->regs[reg] = new;
  		spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  		ac97->write(ac97, reg, new);
  	} else
  		spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	return change;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_update_pcm_bits(ac97_t *ac97, int codec, unsigned short mask, unsigned short value)
  {
  	int change;
  	unsigned short old, new;
  
  	down(&ac97->spec.ad18xx.mutex);
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	old = ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec];
  	new = (old & ~mask) | value;
  	change = old != new;
  	if (change) {
  		ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec] = new;
  		spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  		/* select single codec */
  		ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, ac97->spec.ad18xx.unchained[codec] | ac97->spec.ad18xx.chained[codec]);
  		/* update PCM bits */
  		ac97->write(ac97, AC97_PCM, new);
  		/* select all codecs */
  		ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, 0x7000);
  	} else
  		spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	up(&ac97->spec.ad18xx.mutex);
  	return change;
  }
  
  /*
   *
   */
  
  static int snd_ac97_info_mux(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	static char *texts[8] = {
  		"Mic", "CD", "Video", "Aux", "Line",
  		"Mix", "Mix Mono", "Phone"
  	};
  
  	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
  	uinfo->count = 2;
  	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
  	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
  		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
  	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_get_mux(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	unsigned short val;
  	
  	val = ac97->regs[AC97_REC_SEL];
  	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = (val >> 8) & 7;
  	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[1] = (val >> 0) & 7;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_put_mux(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	unsigned short val;
  	
  	if (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] > 7 ||
  	    ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[1] > 7)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	val = (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] << 8) |
  	      (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[1] << 0);
  	return snd_ac97_update(ac97, AC97_REC_SEL, val);
  }
  
  #define AC97_ENUM_DOUBLE(xname, reg, shift, invert) \
  { .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, .info = snd_ac97_info_enum_double, \
    .get = snd_ac97_get_enum_double, .put = snd_ac97_put_enum_double, \
    .private_value = reg | (shift << 8) | (invert << 24) }
  
  static int snd_ac97_info_enum_double(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	static char *texts1[2] = { "pre 3D", "post 3D" };
  	static char *texts2[2] = { "Mix", "Mic" };
  	static char *texts3[2] = { "Mic1", "Mic2" };
  	char **texts = NULL;
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
  
  	switch (reg) {
  	case AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE:
  		switch (shift) {
  		case 15: texts = texts1; break;
  		case 9: texts = texts2; break;
  		case 8: texts = texts3; break;
  		}
  	}
  	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
  	uinfo->count = 1;
  	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
  	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
  		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
  	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_get_enum_double(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	unsigned short val;
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
  	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	
  	val = (ac97->regs[reg] >> shift) & 1;
  	if (invert)
  		val ^= 1;
  	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = val;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_put_enum_double(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	unsigned short val;
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
  	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	
  	if (ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] > 1)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	val = !!ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
  	if (invert)
  		val = !val;
  	return snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, reg, 1 << shift, val << shift);
  }
  
  int snd_ac97_info_single(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  
  	uinfo->type = mask == 1 ? SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
  	uinfo->count = 1;
  	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
  	uinfo->value.integer.max = mask;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int snd_ac97_get_single(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	
  	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = (ac97->regs[reg] >> shift) & mask;
  	if (invert)
  		ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mask - ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int snd_ac97_put_single(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	unsigned short val;
  	
  	val = (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask);
  	if (invert)
  		val = mask - val;
  	return snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, reg, mask << shift, val << shift);
  }
  
  #define AC97_DOUBLE(xname, reg, shift_left, shift_right, mask, invert) \
  { .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = (xname), .info = snd_ac97_info_double, \
    .get = snd_ac97_get_double, .put = snd_ac97_put_double, \
    .private_value = (reg) | ((shift_left) << 8) | ((shift_right) << 12) | ((mask) << 16) | ((invert) << 24) }
  
  static int snd_ac97_info_double(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  
  	uinfo->type = mask == 1 ? SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
  	uinfo->count = 2;
  	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
  	uinfo->value.integer.max = mask;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_get_double(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift_left = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0x0f;
  	int shift_right = (kcontrol->private_value >> 12) & 0x0f;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = (ac97->regs[reg] >> shift_left) & mask;
  	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = (ac97->regs[reg] >> shift_right) & mask;
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	if (invert) {
  		ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mask - ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
  		ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = mask - ucontrol->value.integer.value[1];
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_put_double(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift_left = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0x0f;
  	int shift_right = (kcontrol->private_value >> 12) & 0x0f;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	unsigned short val1, val2;
  	
  	val1 = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask;
  	val2 = ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & mask;
  	if (invert) {
  		val1 = mask - val1;
  		val2 = mask - val2;
  	}
  	return snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, reg, 
  				    (mask << shift_left) | (mask << shift_right),
  				    (val1 << shift_left) | (val2 << shift_right));
  }
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_master_mono[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("Master Mono Playback Switch", AC97_MASTER_MONO, 15, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Master Mono Playback Volume", AC97_MASTER_MONO, 0, 31, 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_tone[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("Tone Control - Bass", AC97_MASTER_TONE, 8, 15, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Tone Control - Treble", AC97_MASTER_TONE, 0, 15, 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_pc_beep[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("PC Speaker Playback Switch", AC97_PC_BEEP, 15, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("PC Speaker Playback Volume", AC97_PC_BEEP, 1, 15, 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_phone[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("Phone Playback Switch", AC97_PHONE, 15, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Phone Playback Volume", AC97_PHONE, 0, 15, 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_mic[3] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("Mic Playback Switch", AC97_MIC, 15, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Mic Playback Volume", AC97_MIC, 0, 15, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Mic Boost (+20dB)", AC97_MIC, 6, 1, 0)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_control_capture_src = {
  	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
  	.name = "Capture Source",
  	.info = snd_ac97_info_mux,
  	.get = snd_ac97_get_mux,
  	.put = snd_ac97_put_mux,
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_control_capture_vol =
  AC97_DOUBLE("Capture Volume", AC97_REC_GAIN, 8, 0, 15, 0);
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_mic_capture[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("Mic Capture Switch", AC97_REC_GAIN_MIC, 15, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Mic Capture Volume", AC97_REC_GAIN_MIC, 0, 15, 0)
  };
  
  typedef enum {
  	AC97_GENERAL_PCM_OUT = 0,
  	AC97_GENERAL_STEREO_ENHANCEMENT,
  	AC97_GENERAL_3D,
  	AC97_GENERAL_LOUDNESS,
  	AC97_GENERAL_MONO,
  	AC97_GENERAL_MIC,
  	AC97_GENERAL_LOOPBACK
  } ac97_general_index_t;
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_general[7] = {
  AC97_ENUM_DOUBLE("PCM Out Path & Mute", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 15, 0),
  AC97_SINGLE("Simulated Stereo Enhancement", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 14, 1, 0),
  AC97_SINGLE("3D Control - Switch", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 13, 1, 0),
  AC97_SINGLE("Loudness (bass boost)", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 12, 1, 0),
  AC97_ENUM_DOUBLE("Mono Output Select", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 9, 0),
  AC97_ENUM_DOUBLE("Mic Select", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 8, 0),
  AC97_SINGLE("ADC/DAC Loopback", AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 7, 1, 0)
  };
  
  const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_3d[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("3D Control - Center", AC97_3D_CONTROL, 8, 15, 0),
  AC97_SINGLE("3D Control - Depth", AC97_3D_CONTROL, 0, 15, 0)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_center[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("Center Playback Switch", AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, 7, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("Center Playback Volume", AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, 0, 31, 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_lfe[2] = {
  AC97_SINGLE("LFE Playback Switch", AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, 15, 1, 1),
  AC97_SINGLE("LFE Playback Volume", AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, 8, 31, 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_surround[2] = {
  AC97_DOUBLE("Surround Playback Switch", AC97_SURROUND_MASTER, 15, 7, 1, 1),
  AC97_DOUBLE("Surround Playback Volume", AC97_SURROUND_MASTER, 8, 0, 31, 1),
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_control_eapd =
  AC97_SINGLE("External Amplifier Power Down", AC97_POWERDOWN, 15, 1, 0);
  
  static int snd_ac97_spdif_mask_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958;
  	uinfo->count = 1;
  	return 0;
  }
                          
  static int snd_ac97_spdif_cmask_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = IEC958_AES0_PROFESSIONAL |
  					   IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO |
  					   IEC958_AES0_CON_EMPHASIS_5015 |
  					   IEC958_AES0_CON_NOT_COPYRIGHT;
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = IEC958_AES1_CON_CATEGORY |
  					   IEC958_AES1_CON_ORIGINAL;
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = IEC958_AES3_CON_FS;
  	return 0;
  }
                          
  static int snd_ac97_spdif_pmask_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	/* FIXME: AC'97 spec doesn't say which bits are used for what */
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = IEC958_AES0_PROFESSIONAL |
  					   IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO |
  					   IEC958_AES0_PRO_FS |
  					   IEC958_AES0_PRO_EMPHASIS_5015;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_spdif_default_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = ac97->spdif_status & 0xff;
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = (ac97->spdif_status >> 8) & 0xff;
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = (ac97->spdif_status >> 16) & 0xff;
  	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = (ac97->spdif_status >> 24) & 0xff;
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	return 0;
  }
                          
  static int snd_ac97_spdif_default_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	unsigned int new = 0;
  	unsigned short val = 0;
  	int change;
  
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	new = val = ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & (IEC958_AES0_PROFESSIONAL|IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO);
  	if (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & IEC958_AES0_PROFESSIONAL) {
  		new |= ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & (IEC958_AES0_PRO_FS|IEC958_AES0_PRO_EMPHASIS_5015);
  		switch (new & IEC958_AES0_PRO_FS) {
  		case IEC958_AES0_PRO_FS_44100: val |= 0<<12; break;
  		case IEC958_AES0_PRO_FS_48000: val |= 2<<12; break;
  		case IEC958_AES0_PRO_FS_32000: val |= 3<<12; break;
  		default:		       val |= 1<<12; break;
  		}
  		if ((new & IEC958_AES0_PRO_EMPHASIS) == IEC958_AES0_PRO_EMPHASIS_5015)
  			val |= 1<<3;
  	} else {
  		new |= ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & (IEC958_AES0_CON_EMPHASIS_5015|IEC958_AES0_CON_NOT_COPYRIGHT);
  		new |= ((ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] & (IEC958_AES1_CON_CATEGORY|IEC958_AES1_CON_ORIGINAL)) << 8);
  		new |= ((ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] & IEC958_AES3_CON_FS) << 24);
  		if ((new & IEC958_AES0_CON_EMPHASIS) == IEC958_AES0_CON_EMPHASIS_5015)
  			val |= 1<<3;
  		if (!(new & IEC958_AES0_CON_NOT_COPYRIGHT))
  			val |= 1<<2;
  		val |= ((new >> 8) & 0xff) << 4;	// category + original
  		switch ((new >> 24) & 0xff) {
  		case IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_44100: val |= 0<<12; break;
  		case IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_48000: val |= 2<<12; break;
  		case IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_32000: val |= 3<<12; break;
  		default:		       val |= 1<<12; break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	change = ac97->spdif_status != new;
  	ac97->spdif_status = new;
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  
  	if (ac97->flags & AC97_CS_SPDIF) {
  		int x = (val >> 12) & 0x03;
  		switch (x) {
  		case 0: x = 1; break;  // 44.1
  		case 2: x = 0; break;  // 48.0
  		default: x = 0; break; // illegal.
  		}
  		change |= snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_CSR_SPDIF, 0x3fff, ((val & 0xcfff) | (x << 12)));
  	} else if (ac97->flags & AC97_CX_SPDIF) {
  		int v;
  		v = new & (IEC958_AES0_CON_EMPHASIS_5015|IEC958_AES0_CON_NOT_COPYRIGHT) ? 0 : AC97_CXR_COPYRGT;
  		v |= new & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO ? AC97_CXR_SPDIF_AC3 : AC97_CXR_SPDIF_PCM;
  		change |= snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_CXR_AUDIO_MISC, 
  					       AC97_CXR_SPDIF_MASK | AC97_CXR_COPYRGT,
  					       v);
  	} else {
  		unsigned short extst = ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS];
  		snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0); /* turn off */
  
  		change |= snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_SPDIF, 0x3fff, val);
  		if (extst & AC97_EA_SPDIF) {
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, AC97_EA_SPDIF); /* turn on again */
                  }
  	}
  
  	return change;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_put_spsa(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
  	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	// int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
  	unsigned short value, old, new;
  
  	value = (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask);
  
  	mask <<= shift;
  	value <<= shift;
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	old = ac97->regs[reg];
  	new = (old & ~mask) | value;
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  
  	if (old != new) {
  		int change;
  		unsigned short extst = ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS];
  		snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0); /* turn off */
  		change = snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, reg, mask, value);
  		if (extst & AC97_EA_SPDIF)
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, AC97_EA_SPDIF); /* turn on again */
  		return change;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_spdif[5] = {
  	{
  		.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ,
  		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
  		.name = SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,CON_MASK),
  		.info = snd_ac97_spdif_mask_info,
  		.get = snd_ac97_spdif_cmask_get,
  	},
  	{
  		.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ,
  		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
  		.name = SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,PRO_MASK),
  		.info = snd_ac97_spdif_mask_info,
  		.get = snd_ac97_spdif_pmask_get,
  	},
  	{
  		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
  		.name = SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,DEFAULT),
  		.info = snd_ac97_spdif_mask_info,
  		.get = snd_ac97_spdif_default_get,
  		.put = snd_ac97_spdif_default_put,
  	},
  
  	AC97_SINGLE(SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,SWITCH),AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, 2, 1, 0),
  	{
  		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
  		.name = SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,NONE) "AC97-SPSA",
  		.info = snd_ac97_info_single,
  		.get = snd_ac97_get_single,
  		.put = snd_ac97_put_spsa,
  		.private_value = AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS | (4 << 8) | (3 << 16) | (0 << 24),
  	},
  };
  
  #define AD18XX_PCM_BITS(xname, codec, lshift, rshift, mask) \
  { .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, .info = snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_info_bits, \
    .get = snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_get_bits, .put = snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_put_bits, \
    .private_value = (codec) | ((lshift) << 8) | ((rshift) << 12) | ((mask) << 24) }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_info_bits(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0x0f;
  	int lshift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0x0f;
  	int rshift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 12) & 0x0f;
  
  	uinfo->type = mask == 1 ? SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
  	if (lshift != rshift && (ac97->flags & AC97_STEREO_MUTES))
  		uinfo->count = 2;
  	else
  		uinfo->count = 1;
  	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
  	uinfo->value.integer.max = mask;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_get_bits(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int codec = kcontrol->private_value & 3;
  	int lshift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0x0f;
  	int rshift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 12) & 0x0f;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	
  	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mask - ((ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec] >> lshift) & mask);
  	if (lshift != rshift && (ac97->flags & AC97_STEREO_MUTES))
  		ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = mask - ((ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec] >> rshift) & mask);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_put_bits(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int codec = kcontrol->private_value & 3;
  	int lshift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0x0f;
  	int rshift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 12) & 0x0f;
  	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
  	unsigned short val, valmask;
  	
  	val = (mask - (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask)) << lshift;
  	valmask = mask << lshift;
  	if (lshift != rshift && (ac97->flags & AC97_STEREO_MUTES)) {
  		val |= (mask - (ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & mask)) << rshift;
  		valmask |= mask << rshift;
  	}
  	return snd_ac97_ad18xx_update_pcm_bits(ac97, codec, valmask, val);
  }
  
  #define AD18XX_PCM_VOLUME(xname, codec) \
  { .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, .info = snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_info_volume, \
    .get = snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_get_volume, .put = snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_put_volume, \
    .private_value = codec }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_info_volume(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
  {
  	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
  	uinfo->count = 2;
  	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
  	uinfo->value.integer.max = 31;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_get_volume(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int codec = kcontrol->private_value & 3;
  	
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = 31 - ((ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec] >> 0) & 31);
  	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = 31 - ((ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec] >> 8) & 31);
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_ad18xx_pcm_put_volume(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
  	int codec = kcontrol->private_value & 3;
  	unsigned short val1, val2;
  	
  	val1 = 31 - (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & 31);
  	val2 = 31 - (ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & 31);
  	return snd_ac97_ad18xx_update_pcm_bits(ac97, codec, 0x1f1f, (val1 << 8) | val2);
  }
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_pcm[2] = {
  AD18XX_PCM_BITS("PCM Playback Switch", 0, 15, 7, 1),
  AD18XX_PCM_VOLUME("PCM Playback Volume", 0)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_surround[2] = {
  AD18XX_PCM_BITS("Surround Playback Switch", 1, 15, 7, 1),
  AD18XX_PCM_VOLUME("Surround Playback Volume", 1)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_center[2] = {
  AD18XX_PCM_BITS("Center Playback Switch", 2, 15, 15, 1),
  AD18XX_PCM_BITS("Center Playback Volume", 2, 8, 8, 31)
  };
  
  static const snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_lfe[2] = {
  AD18XX_PCM_BITS("LFE Playback Switch", 2, 7, 7, 1),
  AD18XX_PCM_BITS("LFE Playback Volume", 2, 0, 0, 31)
  };
  
  /*
   *
   */
  
  static int snd_ac97_free(ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	if (ac97) {
  		if (ac97->private_free)
  			ac97->private_free(ac97);
  		snd_magic_kfree(ac97);
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_dev_free(snd_device_t *device)
  {
  	ac97_t *ac97 = snd_magic_cast(ac97_t, device->device_data, return -ENXIO);
  	return snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97_t * ac97, int reg)
  {
  	unsigned short val, mask = 0x8000;
  
  	if (! snd_ac97_valid_reg(ac97, reg))
  		return 0;
  
  	switch (reg) {
  	case AC97_MASTER_TONE:
  		return ac97->caps & 0x04 ? 1 : 0;
  	case AC97_HEADPHONE:
  		return ac97->caps & 0x10 ? 1 : 0;
  	case AC97_REC_GAIN_MIC:
  		return ac97->caps & 0x01 ? 1 : 0;
  	case AC97_3D_CONTROL:
  		if (ac97->caps & 0x7c00) {
  			val = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  			/* if nonzero - fixed and we can't set it */
  			return val == 0;
  		}
  		return 0;
  	case AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER:	/* center */
  		if ((ac97->ext_id & 0x40) == 0)
  			return 0;
  		break;
  	case AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER+1:	/* lfe */
  		if ((ac97->ext_id & 0x100) == 0)
  			return 0;
  		reg = AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER;
  		mask = 0x0080;
  		break;
  	case AC97_SURROUND_MASTER:
  		if ((ac97->ext_id & 0x80) == 0)
  			return 0;
  		break;
  	}
  
  	if (ac97->limited_regs && test_bit(reg, ac97->reg_accessed))
  		return 1; /* allow without check */
  
  	val = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	if (!(val & mask)) {
  		/* nothing seems to be here - mute flag is not set */
  		/* try another test */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg, val | mask);
  		val = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  		if (!(val & mask))
  			return 0;	/* nothing here */
  	}
  	return 1;		/* success, useable */
  }
  
  int snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97_t * ac97, int reg, int bit)
  {
  	unsigned short mask, val, orig, res;
  
  	mask = 1 << bit;
  	orig = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	val = orig ^ mask;
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, reg, val);
  	res = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg, orig);
  	return res == val;
  }
  
  static void snd_ac97_change_volume_params1(ac97_t * ac97, int reg, unsigned char *max)
  {
  	unsigned short val, val1;
  
  	*max = 63;
  	val = 0x8000 | 0x0020;
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, reg, val);
  	val1 = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	if (val != val1) {
  		*max = 31;
  	}
  	/* reset volume to zero */
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg, 0x8000);
  }
  
  static void snd_ac97_change_volume_params2(ac97_t * ac97, int reg, int shift, unsigned char *max)
  {
  	unsigned short val, val1;
  
  	*max = 63;
  	val = 0x8080 | (0x20 << shift);
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, reg, val);
  	val1 = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	if (val != val1) {
  		*max = 31;
  	}
  	/* reset volume to zero */
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg, 0x8080);
  }
  
  static void snd_ac97_change_volume_params3(ac97_t * ac97, int reg, unsigned char *max)
  {
  	unsigned short val, val1;
  
  	*max = 31;
  	val = 0x8000 | 0x0010;
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, reg, val);
  	val1 = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	if (val != val1) {
  		*max = 15;
  	}
  	/* reset volume to zero */
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg, 0x8000);
  }
  
  static inline int printable(unsigned int x)
  {
  	x &= 0xff;
  	if (x < ' ' || x >= 0x71) {
  		if (x <= 0x89)
  			return x - 0x71 + 'A';
  		return '?';
  	}
  	return x;
  }
  
  snd_kcontrol_t *snd_ac97_cnew(const snd_kcontrol_new_t *_template, ac97_t * ac97)
  {
  	snd_kcontrol_new_t template;
  	memcpy(&template, _template, sizeof(template));
  	snd_runtime_check(!template.index, return NULL);
  	template.index = ac97->num;
  	return snd_ctl_new1(&template, ac97);
  }
  
  /*
   * create mute switch(es) for normal stereo controls
   */
  static int snd_ac97_cmute_new(snd_card_t *card, char *name, int reg, ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	snd_kcontrol_t *kctl;
  	int stereo = 0;
  
  	if (ac97->flags & AC97_STEREO_MUTES) {
  		/* check whether both mute bits work */
  		unsigned short val, val1;
  		val = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  		val1 = val | 0x8080;
  		snd_ac97_write(ac97, reg, val1);
  		if (val1 == snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg))
  			stereo = 1;
  		snd_ac97_write(ac97, reg, val);
  	}
  	if (stereo) {
  		snd_kcontrol_new_t tmp = AC97_DOUBLE(name, reg, 15, 7, 1, 1);
  		tmp.index = ac97->num;
  		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&tmp, ac97);
  	} else {
  		snd_kcontrol_new_t tmp = AC97_SINGLE(name, reg, 15, 1, 1);
  		tmp.index = ac97->num;
  		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&tmp, ac97);
  	}
  	return snd_ctl_add(card, kctl);
  }
  
  /*
   * create volumes for normal stereo controls
   */
  static int snd_ac97_cvol_new(snd_card_t *card, char *name, int reg, unsigned int max, ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	int err;
  	snd_kcontrol_new_t tmp = AC97_DOUBLE(name, reg, 8, 0, (unsigned int)max, 1);
  	tmp.index = ac97->num;
  	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&tmp, ac97))) < 0)
  		return err;
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg,
  			     ((ac97->flags & AC97_STEREO_MUTES) ? 0x8080 : 0x8000) |
  			     (unsigned short)max | ((unsigned short)max << 8));
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
   * create mute-switch and volumes for normal stereo controls
   */
  static int snd_ac97_cmix_new(snd_card_t *card, const char *pfx, int reg, int check_res, ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	int err;
  	char name[44];
  	unsigned char max;
  
  	sprintf(name, "%s Switch", pfx);
  	if ((err = snd_ac97_cmute_new(card, name, reg, ac97)) < 0)
  		return err;
  	sprintf(name, "%s Volume", pfx);
  	if (check_res)
  		snd_ac97_change_volume_params1(ac97, reg, &max);
  	else
  		max = 31; /* 5bit */
  	if ((err = snd_ac97_cvol_new(card, name, reg, max, ac97)) < 0)
  		return err;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  
  static int snd_ac97_mixer_build(ac97_t * ac97)
  {
  	snd_card_t *card = ac97->card;
  	snd_kcontrol_t *kctl;
  	int err;
  	unsigned int idx;
  	unsigned char max;
  
  	/* build master controls */
  	/* AD claims to remove this control from AD1887, although spec v2.2 does not allow this */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_MASTER)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ac97_cmix_new(card, "Master Playback", AC97_MASTER, 1, ac97)) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	ac97->regs[AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER] = 0x8080;
  
  	/* build center controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_center[0], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_center[1], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		snd_ac97_change_volume_params2(ac97, AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, 0, &max);
  		kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  		kctl->private_value |= (int)max << 16;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, ac97->regs[AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER] | max);
  	}
  
  	/* build LFE controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER+1)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_lfe[0], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_lfe[1], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		snd_ac97_change_volume_params2(ac97, AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, 8, &max);
  		kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  		kctl->private_value |= (int)max << 16;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER, ac97->regs[AC97_CENTER_LFE_MASTER] | max << 8);
  	}
  
  	/* build surround controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_SURROUND_MASTER)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_surround[0], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_surround[1], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		snd_ac97_change_volume_params2(ac97, AC97_SURROUND_MASTER, 0, &max);
  		kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  		kctl->private_value |= (int)max << 16;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_SURROUND_MASTER, 0x8080 | max | (max << 8));
  	}
  
  	/* build headphone controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_HEADPHONE) || ac97->id == AC97_ID_STAC9708) {
  		const char *name = ac97->id == AC97_ID_STAC9708 ? 
  			"Sigmatel Surround Playback" :
  			"Headphone Playback";
  		if ((err = snd_ac97_cmix_new(card, name, AC97_HEADPHONE, 1, ac97)) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  	
  	/* build master mono controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_MASTER_MONO)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_master_mono[0], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_master_mono[1], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		snd_ac97_change_volume_params1(ac97, AC97_MASTER_MONO, &max);
  		kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  		kctl->private_value |= (int)max << 16;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_MASTER_MONO, 0x8000 | max);
  	}
  	
  	/* build master tone controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_MASTER_TONE)) {
  		for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++) {
  			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_tone[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  				return err;
  			if (ac97->id == AC97_ID_YMF753) {
  				kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  				kctl->private_value |= 7 << 16;
  			}
  		}
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_MASTER_TONE, 0x0f0f);
  	}
  	
  	/* build PC Speaker controls */
  	if ((ac97->flags & AC97_HAS_PC_BEEP) ||
  	    snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_PC_BEEP)) {
  		for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++)
  			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_pc_beep[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  				return err;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_PC_BEEP, 0x801e);
  	}
  	
  	/* build Phone controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_PHONE)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_phone[0], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_phone[1], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		snd_ac97_change_volume_params3(ac97, AC97_PHONE, &max);
  		kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  		kctl->private_value |= (int)max << 16;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_PHONE, 0x8000 | max);
  	}
  	
  	/* build MIC controls */
  	snd_ac97_change_volume_params3(ac97, AC97_MIC, &max);
  	for (idx = 0; idx < 3; idx++) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_mic[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  		if (idx == 1) {		// volume
  			kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 16);
  			kctl->private_value |= (int)max << 16;
  		}
  	}
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_MIC, 0x8000 | max);
  
  	/* build Line controls */
  	if ((err = snd_ac97_cmix_new(card, "Line Playback", AC97_LINE, 0, ac97)) < 0)
  		return err;
  	
  	/* build CD controls */
  	if ((err = snd_ac97_cmix_new(card, "CD Playback", AC97_CD, 0, ac97)) < 0)
  		return err;
  	
  	/* build Video controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_VIDEO)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ac97_cmix_new(card, "Video Playback", AC97_VIDEO, 0, ac97)) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build Aux controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_AUX)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ac97_cmix_new(card, "Aux Playback", AC97_AUX, 0, ac97)) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build PCM controls */
  	if (ac97->flags & AC97_AD_MULTI) {
  		unsigned short init_val;
  		if (ac97->flags & AC97_STEREO_MUTES)
  			init_val = 0x9f9f;
  		else
  			init_val = 0x9f1f;
  		for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++)
  			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_pcm[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  				return err;
  		ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[0] = init_val;
  		if (ac97->scaps & AC97_SCAP_SURROUND_DAC) {
  			for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++)
  				if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_surround[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  					return err;
  			ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[1] = init_val;
  		}
  		if (ac97->scaps & AC97_SCAP_CENTER_LFE_DAC) {
  			for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++)
  				if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_center[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  					return err;
  			for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++)
  				if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_ad18xx_lfe[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  					return err;
  			ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[2] = init_val;
  		}
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_PCM, init_val);
  	} else {
  		if ((err = snd_ac97_cmute_new(card, "PCM Playback Switch", AC97_PCM, ac97)) < 0)
  			return err;
  		/* FIXME: C-Media chips have no PCM volume!! */
  		if (/*ac97->id == 0x434d4941 ||*/
  		    ac97->id == 0x434d4942 ||
  		    ac97->id == 0x434d4961)
  			snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_PCM, 0x9f1f);
  		else {
  			if ((err = snd_ac97_cvol_new(card, "PCM Playback Volume", AC97_PCM, 31, ac97)) < 0)
  				return err;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* build Capture controls */
  	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_control_capture_src, ac97))) < 0)
  		return err;
  	if ((err = snd_ac97_cmute_new(card, "Capture Switch", AC97_REC_GAIN, ac97)) < 0)
  		return err;
  	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_control_capture_vol, ac97))) < 0)
  		return err;
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_REC_SEL, 0x0000);
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN, 0x0000);
  
  	/* build MIC Capture controls */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN_MIC)) {
  		for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++)
  			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_mic_capture[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  				return err;
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN_MIC, 0x0000);
  	}
  
  	/* build PCM out path & mute control */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 15)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_PCM_OUT], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build Simulated Stereo Enhancement control */
  	if (ac97->caps & 0x0008) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_STEREO_ENHANCEMENT], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build 3D Stereo Enhancement control */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 13)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_3D], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build Loudness control */
  	if (ac97->caps & 0x0020) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_LOUDNESS], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build Mono output select control */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 9)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_MONO], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build Mic select control */
  	if (snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 8)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_MIC], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	/* build ADC/DAC loopback control */
  	if (enable_loopback && snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 7)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_general[AC97_GENERAL_LOOPBACK], ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 0x0000);
  
  	/* build 3D controls */
  	if (ac97->build_ops && ac97->build_ops->build_3d) {
  		ac97->build_ops->build_3d(ac97);
  	} else {
  		if (snd_ac97_try_volume_mix(ac97, AC97_3D_CONTROL)) {
  			unsigned short val;
  			val = 0x0707;
  			snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_3D_CONTROL, val);
  			val = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_3D_CONTROL);
  			val = val == 0x0606;
  			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_3d[0], ac97))) < 0)
  				return err;
  			if (val)
  				kctl->private_value = AC97_3D_CONTROL | (9 << 8) | (7 << 16);
  			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_3d[1], ac97))) < 0)
  				return err;
  			if (val)
  				kctl->private_value = AC97_3D_CONTROL | (1 << 8) | (7 << 16);
  			snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_3D_CONTROL, 0x0000);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* build S/PDIF controls */
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_SPDIF) {
  		if (ac97->build_ops && ac97->build_ops->build_spdif) {
  			if ((err = ac97->build_ops->build_spdif(ac97)) < 0)
  				return err;
  		} else {
  			for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++)
  				if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_controls_spdif[idx], ac97))) < 0)
  					return err;
  			if (ac97->build_ops && ac97->build_ops->build_post_spdif) {
  				if ((err = ac97->build_ops->build_post_spdif(ac97)) < 0)
  					return err;
  			}
  			/* set default PCM S/PDIF params */
  			/* consumer,PCM audio,no copyright,no preemphasis,PCM coder,original,48000Hz */
  			snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_SPDIF, 0x2a20);
  		}
  		ac97->spdif_status = SNDRV_PCM_DEFAULT_CON_SPDIF;
  	}
  	
  	/* build chip specific controls */
  	if (ac97->build_ops && ac97->build_ops->build_specific)
  		if ((err = ac97->build_ops->build_specific(ac97)) < 0)
  			return err;
  
  	if (snd_ac97_try_bit(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, 15)) {
  		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ac97_cnew(&snd_ac97_control_eapd, ac97))) < 0)
  			return err;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_modem_build(snd_card_t * card, ac97_t * ac97)
  {
  	/* TODO */
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97_t *ac97, int reg, int rate)
  {
  	unsigned short val;
  	unsigned int tmp;
  
  	tmp = ((unsigned int)rate * ac97->clock) / 48000;
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, reg, tmp & 0xffff);
  	val = snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	return val == (tmp & 0xffff);
  }
  
  static void snd_ac97_determine_rates(ac97_t *ac97, int reg, unsigned int *r_result)
  {
  	unsigned int result = 0;
  
  	/* test a non-standard rate */
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 11000))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS;
  	/* let's try to obtain standard rates */
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 8000))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000;
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 11025))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_11025;
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 16000))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_16000;
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 22050))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_22050;
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 32000))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000;
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 44100))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100;
  	if (snd_ac97_test_rate(ac97, reg, 48000))
  		result |= SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
  	*r_result = result;
  }
  
  void snd_ac97_get_name(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned int id, char *name, int modem)
  {
  	const ac97_codec_id_t *pid;
  
  	sprintf(name, "0x%x %c%c%c", id,
  		printable(id >> 24),
  		printable(id >> 16),
  		printable(id >> 8));
  	for (pid = snd_ac97_codec_id_vendors; pid->id; pid++)
  		if (pid->id == (id & pid->mask)) {
  			strcpy(name, pid->name);
  			if (ac97) {
  				if (!modem && pid->patch)
  					pid->patch(ac97);
  				else if (modem && pid->mpatch)
  					pid->mpatch(ac97);
  			} 
  			goto __vendor_ok;
  		}
  	return;
  
        __vendor_ok:
  	for (pid = snd_ac97_codec_ids; pid->id; pid++)
  		if (pid->id == (id & pid->mask)) {
  			strcat(name, " ");
  			strcat(name, pid->name);
  			if (pid->mask != 0xffffffff)
  				sprintf(name + strlen(name), " rev %d", id & ~pid->mask);
  			if (ac97) {
  				if (!modem && pid->patch)
  					pid->patch(ac97);
  				else if (modem && pid->mpatch)
  					pid->mpatch(ac97);
  			}
  			return;
  		}
  	sprintf(name + strlen(name), " id %x", id & 0xff);
  }
  
  
  /* wait for a while until registers are accessible after RESET
   * return 0 if ok, negative not ready
   */
  static int ac97_reset_wait(ac97_t *ac97, int timeout, int with_modem)
  {
  	unsigned long end_time;
  	end_time = jiffies + timeout;
  	do {
  		unsigned short ext_mid;
  		
  		/* use preliminary reads to settle the communication */
  		snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_RESET);
  		snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID1);
  		snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID2);
  		/* modem? */
  		if (with_modem) {
  			ext_mid = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MID);
  			if (ext_mid != 0xffff && (ext_mid & 1) != 0)
  				return 0;
  		}
  		/* because the PCM or MASTER volume registers can be modified,
  		 * the REC_GAIN register is used for tests
  		 */
  		/* test if we can write to the record gain volume register */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN, 0x8a05);
  		if (snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN) == 0x8a05)
  			return 0;
  		set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
  		schedule_timeout(HZ/100);
  	} while (time_after_eq(end_time, jiffies));
  	return -ENODEV;
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_mixer - create an AC97 codec component
   * @card: the card instance
   * @_ac97: the template of ac97, including index, callbacks and
   *         the private data.
   * @rac97: the pointer to store the new ac97 instance.
   *
   * Creates an AC97 codec component.  An ac97_t instance is newly
   * allocated and initialized from the template (_ac97).  The codec
   * is then initialized by the standard procedure.
   *
   * The template must include the valid callbacks (at least read and
   * write), the codec number (num) and address (addr), and the private
   * data (private_data).  The other callbacks, wait and reset, are not
   * mandatory.
   * 
   * The clock is set to 48000.  If another clock is needed, reset
   * ac97->clock manually afterwards.
   *
   * The ac97 instance is registered as a low-level device, so you don't
   * have to release it manually.
   *
   * The MCs (Modem Codecs only) are only detected but valid. The PCM driver
   * have to check for MCs using the !ac97_is_audio() function.
   *
   * Returns zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
   */
  int snd_ac97_mixer(snd_card_t * card, ac97_t * _ac97, ac97_t ** rac97)
  {
  	int err;
  	ac97_t *ac97;
  	char name[64];
  	unsigned long end_time;
  	unsigned int reg;
  	static snd_device_ops_t ops = {
  		.dev_free =	snd_ac97_dev_free,
  	};
  
  	snd_assert(rac97 != NULL, return -EINVAL);
  	*rac97 = NULL;
  	snd_assert(card != NULL && _ac97 != NULL, return -EINVAL);
  	ac97 = snd_magic_kmalloc(ac97_t, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
  	if (ac97 == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	*ac97 = *_ac97;
  	ac97->card = card;
  	spin_lock_init(&ac97->reg_lock);
  
  	if (ac97->pci) {
  		pci_read_config_word(ac97->pci, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID, &ac97->subsystem_vendor);
  		pci_read_config_word(ac97->pci, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID, &ac97->subsystem_device);
  	}
  	if (ac97->reset) {
  		ac97->reset(ac97);
  		goto __access_ok;
  	}
  
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_RESET, 0);	/* reset to defaults */
  	if (ac97->wait)
  		ac97->wait(ac97);
  	else {
  		udelay(50);
  		if (ac97_reset_wait(ac97, HZ/2, 0) < 0 &&
  		    ac97_reset_wait(ac97, HZ/2, 1) < 0) {
  			snd_printk("AC'97 %d:%d does not respond - RESET\n", ac97->num, ac97->addr);
  			snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  			return -ENXIO;
  		}
  	}
        __access_ok:
  	ac97->id = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID1) << 16;
  	ac97->id |= snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID2);
  	if (ac97->id == 0x00000000 || ac97->id == 0xffffffff) {
  		snd_printk("AC'97 %d:%d access is not valid [0x%x], removing mixer.\n", ac97->num, ac97->addr, ac97->id);
  		snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  		return -EIO;
  	}
  	/* AC97 audio codec chip revision detection. */
  	/* Currently only Realtek ALC650 detection implemented. */
  	switch(ac97->id & 0xfffffff0) {
  	case 0x414c4720:        /* ALC650 */
  		reg = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_ALC650_REVISION);
  		if (((reg & 0x3f) >= 0) && ((reg & 0x3f) < 3))
  			ac97->id = 0x414c4720;          /* Old version */
  		else if (((reg & 0x3f) >= 3) && ((reg & 0x3f) < 0x10))
  			ac97->id = 0x414c4721;          /* D version */
  		else if ((reg&0x30) == 0x10)
  			ac97->id = 0x414c4722;          /* E version */
  		else if ((reg&0x30) == 0x20)
  			ac97->id = 0x414c4723;          /* F version */
          }
  	
  	/* test for AC'97 */
  	if (! (ac97->scaps & AC97_SCAP_AUDIO)) {
  		/* test if we can write to the record gain volume register */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN, 0x8a06);
  		if ((err = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN)) == 0x8a06)
  			ac97->scaps |= AC97_SCAP_AUDIO;
  	}
  	if (ac97->scaps & AC97_SCAP_AUDIO) {
  		ac97->caps = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_RESET);
  		ac97->ext_id = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_ID);
  		if (ac97->ext_id == 0xffff)	/* invalid combination */
  			ac97->ext_id = 0;
  	}
  
  	/* test for MC'97 */
  	ac97->ext_mid = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MID);
  	if (ac97->ext_mid == 0xffff)	/* invalid combination */
  		ac97->ext_mid = 0;
  	if (ac97->ext_mid & 1)
  		ac97->scaps |= AC97_SCAP_MODEM;
  
  	if (ac97->reset) // FIXME: always skipping?
  		goto __ready_ok;
  
  	/* FIXME: add powerdown control */
  	if (ac97_is_audio(ac97)) {
  		/* nothing should be in powerdown mode */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, 0);
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_RESET, 0);		/* reset to defaults */
  		udelay(100);
  		/* nothing should be in powerdown mode */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, 0);
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 0);
  		end_time = jiffies + (HZ / 10);
  		do {
  			if ((snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN) & 0x0f) == 0x0f)
  				goto __ready_ok;
  			set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
  			schedule_timeout(HZ/10);
  		} while (time_after_eq(end_time, jiffies));
  		snd_printk("AC'97 %d:%d analog subsections not ready\n", ac97->num, ac97->addr);
  	}
  
        __ready_ok:
  	if (ac97->clock == 0)
  		ac97->clock = 48000;	/* standard value */
  	if (ac97_is_audio(ac97))
  		ac97->addr = (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_ADDR_MASK) >> AC97_EI_ADDR_SHIFT;
  	else
  		ac97->addr = (ac97->ext_mid & AC97_MEI_ADDR_MASK) >> AC97_MEI_ADDR_SHIFT;
  	if (ac97->ext_id & 0x0189)	/* L/R, MIC, SDAC, LDAC VRA support */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, ac97->ext_id & 0x0189);
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_VRA) {	/* VRA support */
  		snd_ac97_determine_rates(ac97, AC97_PCM_FRONT_DAC_RATE, &ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_FRONT_DAC]);
  		snd_ac97_determine_rates(ac97, AC97_PCM_LR_ADC_RATE, &ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_ADC]);
  	} else {
  		ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_FRONT_DAC] = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
  		ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_ADC] = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
  	}
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_SPDIF) {
  		/* codec specific code (patch) should override these values */
  		if (ac97->flags & AC97_CS_SPDIF)
  			ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_SPDIF] = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100;
  		else if (ac97->id == AC97_ID_CM9739)
  			ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_SPDIF] = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
  		else
  			ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_SPDIF] = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
  						SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |
  						SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000;
  	}
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_VRM) {	/* MIC VRA support */
  		snd_ac97_determine_rates(ac97, AC97_PCM_MIC_ADC_RATE, &ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_MIC_ADC]);
  	} else {
  		ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_MIC_ADC] = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
  	}
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_SDAC) {	/* SDAC support */
  		snd_ac97_determine_rates(ac97, AC97_PCM_SURR_DAC_RATE, &ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_SURR_DAC]);
  		ac97->scaps |= AC97_SCAP_SURROUND_DAC;
  	}
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_LDAC) {	/* LDAC support */
  		snd_ac97_determine_rates(ac97, AC97_PCM_LFE_DAC_RATE, &ac97->rates[AC97_RATES_LFE_DAC]);
  		ac97->scaps |= AC97_SCAP_CENTER_LFE_DAC;
  	}
  	/* additional initializations */
  	if (ac97->init)
  		ac97->init(ac97);
  	snd_ac97_get_name(ac97, ac97->id, name, 0);
  	snd_ac97_get_name(NULL, ac97->id, name, 0);  // ac97->id might be changed in the special setup code
  	if (ac97_is_audio(ac97)) {
  		if (card->mixername[0] == '\0') {
  			strcpy(card->mixername, name);
  		} else {
  			if (strlen(card->mixername) + 1 + strlen(name) + 1 <= sizeof(card->mixername)) {
  				strcat(card->mixername, ",");
  				strcat(card->mixername, name);
  			}
  		}
  		if ((err = snd_component_add(card, "AC97a")) < 0) {
  			snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  			return err;
  		}
  		if (snd_ac97_mixer_build(ac97) < 0) {
  			snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  			return -ENOMEM;
  		}
  	}
  	snd_ac97_proc_init(card, ac97, "ac97");
  	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, ac97, &ops)) < 0) {
  		snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  		return err;
  	}
  	*rac97 = ac97;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* wait for a while until registers are accessible after RESET
   * return 0 if ok, negative not ready
   */
  static int ac97_modem_reset_wait(ac97_t *ac97, int timeout)
  {
  	unsigned long end_time;
  	end_time = jiffies + timeout;
  	do {
  		unsigned short ext_mid;
  		
  		/* use preliminary reads to settle the communication */
  		snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MID);
  		snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID1);
  		snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID2);
  		ext_mid = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MID);
  		if (ext_mid != 0xffff && (ext_mid & 1) != 0)
  			return 0;
  		set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
  		schedule_timeout(HZ/100);
  	} while (time_after_eq(end_time, jiffies));
  	return -ENODEV;
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_modem - create an MC97 codec component
   * @card: the card instance
   * @_ac97: the template of ac97, including index, callbacks and
   *         the private data.
   * @rac97: the pointer to store the new ac97 instance.
   *
   * Creates an MC97 codec component.  An ac97_t instance is newly
   * allocated and initialized from the template (_ac97).  The codec
   * is then initialized by the standard procedure.
   *
   * The template must include the valid callbacks (at least read and
   * write), the codec number (num) and address (addr), and the private
   * data (private_data).  The other callbacks, wait and reset, are not
   * mandatory.
   * 
   * The clock is set to 48000.  If another clock is needed, reset
   * ac97->clock manually afterwards.
   *
   * The ac97 instance is registered as a low-level device, so you don't
   * have to release it manually.
   *
   * The ACs (Audio Codecs only) are only detected but valid. The PCM driver
   * have to check for ACs using the !ac97_is_modem() function.
   *
   * Returns zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
   */
  int snd_ac97_modem(snd_card_t * card, ac97_t * _ac97, ac97_t ** rac97)
  {
  	int err;
  	ac97_t *ac97;
  	char name[64];
  	unsigned long end_time;
  	unsigned short tmp;
  	static snd_device_ops_t ops = {
  		.dev_free =	snd_ac97_dev_free,
  	};
  
  	snd_assert(rac97 != NULL, return -EINVAL);
  	*rac97 = NULL;
  	snd_assert(card != NULL && _ac97 != NULL, return -EINVAL);
  	ac97 = snd_magic_kcalloc(ac97_t, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
  	if (ac97 == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	*ac97 = *_ac97;
  	ac97->card = card;
  	spin_lock_init(&ac97->reg_lock);
  
  	ac97->pci = _ac97->pci;
  	if (ac97->pci) {
  		pci_read_config_word(ac97->pci, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID, &ac97->subsystem_vendor);
  		pci_read_config_word(ac97->pci, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID, &ac97->subsystem_device);
  	}
  
  	if (ac97->reset) {
  		ac97->reset(ac97);
  		goto __access_ok;
  	}
  
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MID, 0);	/* reset to defaults */
  	if (ac97->wait)
  		ac97->wait(ac97);
  	else {
  		udelay(50);
  		if (ac97_modem_reset_wait(ac97, HZ/2) < 0) {
  			snd_printk("MC'97 %d:%d does not respond - MODEM RESET\n", ac97->num, ac97->addr);
  			snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  			return -ENXIO;
  		}
  	}
        __access_ok:
  	ac97->id = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID1) << 16;
  	ac97->id |= snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_VENDOR_ID2);
  	if (ac97->id == 0x00000000 || ac97->id == 0xffffffff) {
  		snd_printk("MC'97 %d:%d access is not valid [0x%x], removing modem controls.\n", ac97->num, ac97->addr, ac97->id);
  		snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  		return -EIO;
  	}
  	
  	/* test for MC'97 */
  	ac97->ext_mid = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MID);
  	if (ac97->ext_mid == 0xffff)	/* invalid combination */
  		ac97->ext_mid = 0;
  	if (ac97->ext_mid & 1)
  		ac97->scaps |= AC97_SCAP_MODEM;
  
  	/* non-destructive test for AC'97 */
  	tmp = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_RESET);
  	if (tmp == 0 || tmp == 0xffff) {
  		tmp = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_ID);
  		if (tmp == 0 || tmp == 0xffff) {
  			tmp = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_REC_GAIN);
  			if (tmp == 0 || tmp == 0xffff)
  				tmp = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN);
  		}
  	}
  	if ((tmp != 0 && tmp != 0xffff) || !(ac97->scaps & AC97_SCAP_MODEM))
  		ac97->scaps |= AC97_SCAP_AUDIO;
  
  	if (ac97->reset) // FIXME: always skipping?
  		goto __ready_ok;
  
  	/* FIXME: add powerdown control */
  	if (ac97->scaps & AC97_SCAP_MODEM) {
  		/* nothing should be in powerdown mode */
  		/* note: it's important to set the rate at first */
  		tmp = AC97_MEA_GPIO;
  		if (ac97->ext_mid & AC97_MEI_LINE1) {
  			snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_LINE1_RATE, 12000);
  			tmp |= AC97_MEA_ADC1 | AC97_MEA_DAC1;
  		}
  		if (ac97->ext_mid & AC97_MEI_LINE2) {
  			snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_LINE2_RATE, 12000);
  			tmp |= AC97_MEA_ADC2 | AC97_MEA_DAC2;
  		}
  		if (ac97->ext_mid & AC97_MEI_HANDSET) {
  			snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_HANDSET_RATE, 12000);
  			tmp |= AC97_MEA_HADC | AC97_MEA_HDAC;
  		}
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MSTATUS, 0xff00 & ~(tmp << 8));
  		udelay(100);
  		/* nothing should be in powerdown mode */
  		snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MSTATUS, 0xff00 & ~(tmp << 8));
  		end_time = jiffies + (HZ / 10);
  		do {
  			if ((snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MSTATUS) & tmp) == tmp)
  				goto __ready_ok;
  			set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
  			schedule_timeout(HZ/10);
  		} while (time_after_eq(end_time, jiffies));
  		snd_printk("MC'97 %d:%d converters and GPIO not ready (0x%x)\n", ac97->num, ac97->addr, snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_MSTATUS));
  	}
  
        __ready_ok:
  	/* additional initializations */
  	/* FIXME: ADD MODEM INITALIZATION */
  	if (ac97_is_modem(ac97))
  		ac97->addr = (ac97->ext_mid & AC97_MEI_ADDR_MASK) >> AC97_MEI_ADDR_SHIFT;
  	else
  		ac97->addr = (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_ADDR_MASK) >> AC97_EI_ADDR_SHIFT;
  
  	if (ac97->init)
  		ac97->init(ac97);
  	snd_ac97_get_name(ac97, ac97->id, name, 1);
  	snd_ac97_get_name(NULL, ac97->id, name, 1);  // ac97->id might be changed in the special setup code
  	if (ac97_is_modem(ac97)) {
  		if (card->mixername[0] == '\0') {
  			strcpy(card->mixername, name);
  		} else {
  			if (strlen(card->mixername) + 1 + strlen(name) + 1 <= sizeof(card->mixername)) {
  				strcat(card->mixername, ",");
  				strcat(card->mixername, name);
  			}
  		}
  		if ((err = snd_component_add(card, "AC97m")) < 0) {
  			snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  			return err;
  		}
  	}
  	if (ac97_is_modem(ac97) && snd_ac97_modem_build(card, ac97) < 0) {
  		snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	snd_ac97_proc_init(card, ac97, "mc97");
  	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, ac97, &ops)) < 0) {
  		snd_ac97_free(ac97);
  		return err;
  	}
  	*rac97 = ac97;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
   *  PCM support
   */
  
  static int set_spdif_rate(ac97_t *ac97, unsigned short rate)
  {
  	unsigned short old, bits, reg, mask;
  
  	if (! (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_SPDIF))
  		return -ENODEV;
  
  	if (ac97->flags & AC97_CS_SPDIF) {
  		switch (rate) {
  		case 48000: bits = 0; break;
  		case 44100: bits = 1 << AC97_SC_SPSR_SHIFT; break;
  		default: /* invalid - disable output */
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0);
  			return -EINVAL;
  		}
  		reg = AC97_CSR_SPDIF;
  		mask = 1 << AC97_SC_SPSR_SHIFT;
  	} else {
  		if (ac97->id == AC97_ID_CM9739 && rate != 48000) {
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0);
  			return -EINVAL;
  		}
  		switch (rate) {
  		case 44100: bits = AC97_SC_SPSR_44K; break;
  		case 48000: bits = AC97_SC_SPSR_48K; break;
  		case 32000: bits = AC97_SC_SPSR_32K; break;
  		default: /* invalid - disable output */
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0);
  			return -EINVAL;
  		}
  		reg = AC97_SPDIF;
  		mask = AC97_SC_SPSR_MASK;
  	}
  
  	spin_lock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	old = ac97->regs[reg] & mask;
  	spin_unlock(&ac97->reg_lock);
  	if (old != bits) {
  		snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0);
  		snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, reg, mask, bits);
  	}
  	snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, AC97_EA_SPDIF);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_set_rate - change the rate of the given input/output.
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @reg: the register to change
   * @rate: the sample rate to set
   *
   * Changes the rate of the given input/output on the codec.
   * If the codec doesn't support VAR, the rate must be 48000 (except
   * for SPDIF).
   *
   * The valid registers are AC97_PMC_MIC_ADC_RATE,
   * AC97_PCM_FRONT_DAC_RATE, AC97_PCM_LR_ADC_RATE and AC97_SPDIF.
   * The SPDIF register is a pseudo-register to change the rate of SPDIF
   * (only if supported).
   *
   * Returns zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
   */
  int snd_ac97_set_rate(ac97_t *ac97, int reg, unsigned short rate)
  {
  	unsigned short mask;
  	unsigned int tmp;
  	
  	switch (reg) {
  	case AC97_PCM_MIC_ADC_RATE:
  		mask = 0x0000;
  		if ((ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS] & AC97_EA_VRM) == 0)	/* MIC VRA */
  			if (rate != 48000)
  				return -EINVAL;
  		break;
  	case AC97_PCM_FRONT_DAC_RATE:
  		mask = 0x0200;
  		if ((ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS] & AC97_EA_VRA) == 0)	/* VRA */
  			if (rate != 48000)
  				return -EINVAL;
  		break;
  	case AC97_PCM_LR_ADC_RATE:
  		mask = 0x0100;
  		if ((ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS] & AC97_EA_VRA) == 0)	/* VRA */
  			if (rate != 48000)
  				return -EINVAL;
  		break;
  	case AC97_SPDIF:
  		return set_spdif_rate(ac97, rate);
  	default:
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  	tmp = ((unsigned int)rate * ac97->clock) / 48000;
  	if (tmp > 65535)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	snd_ac97_update(ac97, reg, tmp & 0xffff);
  	snd_ac97_read(ac97, reg);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_PM
  /**
   * snd_ac97_suspend - General suspend function for AC97 codec
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   *
   * Suspends the codec, power down the chip.
   */
  void snd_ac97_suspend(ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	unsigned short power = (ac97->regs[AC97_POWERDOWN] ^ 0x8000) & ~0x8000;	/* invert EAPD */
  
  	power |= 0x4000;	/* Headphone amplifier powerdown */
  	power |= 0x0300;	/* ADC & DAC powerdown */
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, power);
  	udelay(100);
  	power |= 0x0400;	/* Analog Mixer powerdown (Vref on) */
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, power);
  	udelay(100);
  	power |= 0x3800;	/* AC-link powerdown, internal Clk disable */
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, power);
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_resume - General resume function for AC97 codec
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   *
   * Do the standard resume procedure, power up and restoring the
   * old register values.
   */
  void snd_ac97_resume(ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	int i, is_ad18xx, codec;
  
  	if (ac97->reset) {
  		ac97->reset(ac97);
  		goto  __reset_ready;
  	}
  
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, 0);
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_RESET, 0);
  	udelay(100);
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, 0);
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_GENERAL_PURPOSE, 0);
  
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_POWERDOWN, ac97->regs[AC97_POWERDOWN]);
  	snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_MASTER, 0x8000);
  	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  		if (snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_MASTER) == 0x8000)
  			break;
  		mdelay(1);
  	}
  __reset_ready:
  
  	if (ac97->init)
  		ac97->init(ac97);
  
  	is_ad18xx = (ac97->id & 0xffffff40) == AC97_ID_AD1881;
  	if (is_ad18xx) {
  		/* restore the AD18xx codec configurations */
  		for (codec = 0; codec < 3; codec++) {
  			if (! ac97->spec.ad18xx.id[codec])
  				continue;
  			/* select single codec */
  			ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, ac97->spec.ad18xx.unchained[codec] | ac97->spec.ad18xx.chained[codec]);
  			ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_CODEC_CFG, ac97->spec.ad18xx.codec_cfg[codec]);
  		}
  		/* select all codecs */
  		ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, 0x7000);
  	}
  
  	/* restore ac97 status */
  	for (i = 2; i < 0x7c ; i += 2) {
  		if (i == AC97_POWERDOWN || i == AC97_EXTENDED_ID)
  			continue;
  		/* restore only accessible registers
  		 * some chip (e.g. nm256) may hang up when unsupported registers
  		 * are accessed..!
  		 */
  		if (test_bit(i, ac97->reg_accessed)) {
  			if (is_ad18xx) {
  				/* handle multi codecs for AD18xx */
  				if (i == AC97_PCM) {
  					for (codec = 0; codec < 3; codec++) {
  						if (! ac97->spec.ad18xx.id[codec])
  							continue;
  						/* select single codec */
  						ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, ac97->spec.ad18xx.unchained[codec] | ac97->spec.ad18xx.chained[codec]);
  						/* update PCM bits */
  						ac97->write(ac97, AC97_PCM, ac97->spec.ad18xx.pcmreg[codec]);
  					}
  					/* select all codecs */
  					ac97->write(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, 0x7000);
  					continue;
  				} else if (i == AC97_AD_TEST ||
  					   i == AC97_AD_CODEC_CFG ||
  					   i == AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG)
  					continue; /* ignore */
  			}
  			snd_ac97_write(ac97, i, ac97->regs[i]);
  			snd_ac97_read(ac97, i);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (ac97->ext_id & AC97_EI_SPDIF) {
  		if (ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS] & AC97_EA_SPDIF) {
  			/* reset spdif status */
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, 0);
  			snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, ac97->regs[AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS]);
  			if (ac97->flags & AC97_CS_SPDIF)
  				snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_CSR_SPDIF, ac97->regs[AC97_CSR_SPDIF]);
  			else
  				snd_ac97_write(ac97, AC97_SPDIF, ac97->regs[AC97_SPDIF]);
  			snd_ac97_update_bits(ac97, AC97_EXTENDED_STATUS, AC97_EA_SPDIF, AC97_EA_SPDIF); /* turn on again */
  		}
  	}
  }
  #endif
  
  
  /*
   */
  static int remove_ctl(ac97_t *ac97, const char *name)
  {
  	snd_ctl_elem_id_t id;
  	memset(&id, 0, sizeof(id));
  	strcpy(id.name, name);
  	id.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER;
  	return snd_ctl_remove_id(ac97->card, &id);
  }
  
  static snd_kcontrol_t *ctl_find(ac97_t *ac97, const char *name)
  {
  	snd_ctl_elem_id_t sid;
  	memset(&sid, 0, sizeof(sid));
  	strcpy(sid.name, name);
  	sid.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER;
  	return snd_ctl_find_id(ac97->card, &sid);
  }
  
  static int rename_ctl(ac97_t *ac97, const char *src, const char *dst)
  {
  	snd_kcontrol_t *kctl = ctl_find(ac97, src);
  	if (kctl) {
  		strcpy(kctl->id.name, dst);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	return -ENOENT;
  }
  
  static int swap_ctl(ac97_t *ac97, const char *s1, const char *s2)
  {
  	snd_kcontrol_t *kctl1, *kctl2;
  	kctl1 = ctl_find(ac97, s1);
  	kctl2 = ctl_find(ac97, s2);
  	if (kctl1 && kctl2) {
  		strcpy(kctl1->id.name, s2);
  		strcpy(kctl2->id.name, s1);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	return -ENOENT;
  }
  
  static int swap_headphone(ac97_t *ac97, int remove_master)
  {
  	/* FIXME: error checks.. */
  	if (remove_master) {
  		remove_ctl(ac97, "Master Playback Switch");
  		remove_ctl(ac97, "Master Playback Volume");
  	} else {
  		rename_ctl(ac97, "Master Playback Switch", "Line-Out Playback Switch");
  		rename_ctl(ac97, "Master Playback Volume", "Line-Out Playback Volume");
  	}
  	rename_ctl(ac97, "Headphone Playback Switch", "Master Playback Switch");
  	rename_ctl(ac97, "Headphone Playback Volume", "Master Playback Volume");
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int swap_surround(ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	/* FIXME: error checks.. */
  	swap_ctl(ac97, "Master Playback Switch", "Surround Playback Switch");
  	swap_ctl(ac97, "Master Playback Volume", "Surround Playback Volume");
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int tune_ad_sharing(ac97_t *ac97)
  {
  	unsigned short scfg;
  	/* Turn on OMS bit to route microphone to back panel */
  	scfg = snd_ac97_read(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG);
  	snd_ac97_write_cache(ac97, AC97_AD_SERIAL_CFG, scfg | 0x0200);
  	return swap_headphone(ac97, 1);
  }
  
  /**
   * snd_ac97_tune_hardware - tune up the hardware
   * @ac97: the ac97 instance
   * @quirk: quirk list
   *
   * Do some workaround for each pci device, such as renaming of the
   * headphone (true line-out) control as "Master".
   * The quirk-list must be terminated with a zero-filled entry.
   *
   * Returns zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
   */
  
  int snd_ac97_tune_hardware(ac97_t *ac97, struct ac97_quirk *quirk)
  {
  	snd_assert(quirk, return -EINVAL);
  
  	for (; quirk->vendor; quirk++) {
  		if (quirk->vendor != ac97->subsystem_vendor)
  			continue;
  		if ((! quirk->mask && quirk->device == ac97->subsystem_device) ||
  		    quirk->device == (quirk->mask & ac97->subsystem_device)) {
  			snd_printdd("ac97 quirk for %s (%04x:%04x)\n", quirk->name, ac97->subsystem_vendor, ac97->subsystem_device);
  			switch (quirk->type) {
  			case AC97_TUNE_HP_ONLY:
  				return swap_headphone(ac97, 1);
  			case AC97_TUNE_SWAP_HP:
  				return swap_headphone(ac97, 0);
  			case AC97_TUNE_SWAP_SURROUND:
  				return swap_surround(ac97);
  			case AC97_TUNE_AD_SHARING:
  				return tune_ad_sharing(ac97);
  			}
  			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "invalid quirk type %d for %s\n", quirk->type, quirk->name);
  			return -EINVAL;
  		}
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  
  /*
   *  Exported symbols
   */
  
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_write);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_read);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_write_cache);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_update);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_update_bits);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_mixer);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_modem);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_set_rate);
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_tune_hardware);
  #ifdef CONFIG_PM
  EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ac97_resume);
  #endif
  
  /*
   *  INIT part
   */
  
  static int __init alsa_ac97_init(void)
  {
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static void __exit alsa_ac97_exit(void)
  {
  }
  
  module_init(alsa_ac97_init)
  module_exit(alsa_ac97_exit)
  