text: #ifndef Py_CPYTHON_UNICODEOBJECT_H
  #  error "this header file must not be included directly"
  #endif
  
  /* Py_UNICODE was the native Unicode storage format (code unit) used by
     Python and represents a single Unicode element in the Unicode type.
     With PEP 393, Py_UNICODE is deprecated and replaced with a
     typedef to wchar_t. */
  #define PY_UNICODE_TYPE wchar_t
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */ typedef wchar_t Py_UNICODE;
  
  /* --- Internal Unicode Operations ---------------------------------------- */
  
  #define USE_UNICODE_WCHAR_CACHE 1
  
  /* Since splitting on whitespace is an important use case, and
     whitespace in most situations is solely ASCII whitespace, we
     optimize for the common case by using a quick look-up table
     _Py_ascii_whitespace (see below) with an inlined check.
  
   */
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE(ch) \
      ((ch) < 128U ? _Py_ascii_whitespace[(ch)] : _PyUnicode_IsWhitespace(ch))
  
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISLOWER(ch) _PyUnicode_IsLowercase(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISUPPER(ch) _PyUnicode_IsUppercase(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISTITLE(ch) _PyUnicode_IsTitlecase(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK(ch) _PyUnicode_IsLinebreak(ch)
  
  #define Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER(ch) _PyUnicode_ToLowercase(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER(ch) _PyUnicode_ToUppercase(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(ch) _PyUnicode_ToTitlecase(ch)
  
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL(ch) _PyUnicode_IsDecimalDigit(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT(ch) _PyUnicode_IsDigit(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC(ch) _PyUnicode_IsNumeric(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISPRINTABLE(ch) _PyUnicode_IsPrintable(ch)
  
  #define Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(ch) _PyUnicode_ToDecimalDigit(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(ch) _PyUnicode_ToDigit(ch)
  #define Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(ch) _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(ch)
  
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA(ch) _PyUnicode_IsAlpha(ch)
  
  #define Py_UNICODE_ISALNUM(ch) \
         (Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA(ch) || \
      Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL(ch) || \
      Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT(ch) || \
      Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC(ch))
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) static inline void
  Py_UNICODE_COPY(Py_UNICODE *target, const Py_UNICODE *source, Py_ssize_t length) {
      memcpy(target, source, length * sizeof(Py_UNICODE));
  }
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) static inline void
  Py_UNICODE_FILL(Py_UNICODE *target, Py_UNICODE value, Py_ssize_t length) {
      Py_ssize_t i;
      for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
          target[i] = value;
      }
  }
  
  /* macros to work with surrogates */
  #define Py_UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(ch) (0xD800 <= (ch) && (ch) <= 0xDFFF)
  #define Py_UNICODE_IS_HIGH_SURROGATE(ch) (0xD800 <= (ch) && (ch) <= 0xDBFF)
  #define Py_UNICODE_IS_LOW_SURROGATE(ch) (0xDC00 <= (ch) && (ch) <= 0xDFFF)
  /* Join two surrogate characters and return a single Py_UCS4 value. */
  #define Py_UNICODE_JOIN_SURROGATES(high, low)  \
      (((((Py_UCS4)(high) & 0x03FF) << 10) |      \
        ((Py_UCS4)(low) & 0x03FF)) + 0x10000)
  /* high surrogate = top 10 bits added to D800 */
  #define Py_UNICODE_HIGH_SURROGATE(ch) (0xD800 - (0x10000 >> 10) + ((ch) >> 10))
  /* low surrogate = bottom 10 bits added to DC00 */
  #define Py_UNICODE_LOW_SURROGATE(ch) (0xDC00 + ((ch) & 0x3FF))
  
  /* --- Unicode Type ------------------------------------------------------- */
  
  /* ASCII-only strings created through PyUnicode_New use the PyASCIIObject
     structure. state.ascii and state.compact are set, and the data
     immediately follow the structure. utf8_length and wstr_length can be found
     in the length field; the utf8 pointer is equal to the data pointer. */
  typedef struct {
      /* There are 4 forms of Unicode strings:
  
         - compact ascii:
  
           * structure = PyASCIIObject
           * test: PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII(op)
           * kind = PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND
           * compact = 1
           * ascii = 1
           * ready = 1
           * (length is the length of the utf8 and wstr strings)
           * (data starts just after the structure)
           * (since ASCII is decoded from UTF-8, the utf8 string are the data)
  
         - compact:
  
           * structure = PyCompactUnicodeObject
           * test: PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) && !PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op)
           * kind = PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND, PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND or
             PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND
           * compact = 1
           * ready = 1
           * ascii = 0
           * utf8 is not shared with data
           * utf8_length = 0 if utf8 is NULL
           * wstr is shared with data and wstr_length=length
             if kind=PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_t)=2
             or if kind=PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_t)=4
           * wstr_length = 0 if wstr is NULL
           * (data starts just after the structure)
  
         - legacy string, not ready:
  
           * structure = PyUnicodeObject
           * test: kind == PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND
           * length = 0 (use wstr_length)
           * hash = -1
           * kind = PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND
           * compact = 0
           * ascii = 0
           * ready = 0
           * interned = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED
           * wstr is not NULL
           * data.any is NULL
           * utf8 is NULL
           * utf8_length = 0
  
         - legacy string, ready:
  
           * structure = PyUnicodeObject structure
           * test: !PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) && kind != PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND
           * kind = PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND, PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND or
             PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND
           * compact = 0
           * ready = 1
           * data.any is not NULL
           * utf8 is shared and utf8_length = length with data.any if ascii = 1
           * utf8_length = 0 if utf8 is NULL
           * wstr is shared with data.any and wstr_length = length
             if kind=PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_t)=2
             or if kind=PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_4)=4
           * wstr_length = 0 if wstr is NULL
  
         Compact strings use only one memory block (structure + characters),
         whereas legacy strings use one block for the structure and one block
         for characters.
  
         Legacy strings are created by PyUnicode_FromUnicode() and
         PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size) functions. They become ready
         when PyUnicode_READY() is called.
  
         See also _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency().
      */
      PyObject_HEAD
      Py_ssize_t length;          /* Number of code points in the string */
      Py_hash_t hash;             /* Hash value; -1 if not set */
      struct {
          /*
             SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED (0)
             SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL (1)
             SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL (2)
  
             If interned != SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED, the two references from the
             dictionary to this object are *not* counted in ob_refcnt.
           */
          unsigned int interned:2;
          /* Character size:
  
             - PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND (0):
  
               * character type = wchar_t (16 or 32 bits, depending on the
                 platform)
  
             - PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND (1):
  
               * character type = Py_UCS1 (8 bits, unsigned)
               * all characters are in the range U+0000-U+00FF (latin1)
               * if ascii is set, all characters are in the range U+0000-U+007F
                 (ASCII), otherwise at least one character is in the range
                 U+0080-U+00FF
  
             - PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND (2):
  
               * character type = Py_UCS2 (16 bits, unsigned)
               * all characters are in the range U+0000-U+FFFF (BMP)
               * at least one character is in the range U+0100-U+FFFF
  
             - PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND (4):
  
               * character type = Py_UCS4 (32 bits, unsigned)
               * all characters are in the range U+0000-U+10FFFF
               * at least one character is in the range U+10000-U+10FFFF
           */
          unsigned int kind:3;
          /* Compact is with respect to the allocation scheme. Compact unicode
             objects only require one memory block while non-compact objects use
             one block for the PyUnicodeObject struct and another for its data
             buffer. */
          unsigned int compact:1;
          /* The string only contains characters in the range U+0000-U+007F (ASCII)
             and the kind is PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND. If ascii is set and compact is
             set, use the PyASCIIObject structure. */
          unsigned int ascii:1;
          /* The ready flag indicates whether the object layout is initialized
             completely. This means that this is either a compact object, or
             the data pointer is filled out. The bit is redundant, and helps
             to minimize the test in PyUnicode_IS_READY(). */
          unsigned int ready:1;
          /* Padding to ensure that PyUnicode_DATA() is always aligned to
             4 bytes (see issue #19537 on m68k). */
          unsigned int :24;
      } state;
      wchar_t *wstr;              /* wchar_t representation (null-terminated) */
  } PyASCIIObject;
  
  /* Non-ASCII strings allocated through PyUnicode_New use the
     PyCompactUnicodeObject structure. state.compact is set, and the data
     immediately follow the structure. */
  typedef struct {
      PyASCIIObject _base;
      Py_ssize_t utf8_length;     /* Number of bytes in utf8, excluding the
                                   * terminating \0. */
      char *utf8;                 /* UTF-8 representation (null-terminated) */
      Py_ssize_t wstr_length;     /* Number of code points in wstr, possible
                                   * surrogates count as two code points. */
  } PyCompactUnicodeObject;
  
  /* Strings allocated through PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, len) use the
     PyUnicodeObject structure. The actual string data is initially in the wstr
     block, and copied into the data block using _PyUnicode_Ready. */
  typedef struct {
      PyCompactUnicodeObject _base;
      union {
          void *any;
          Py_UCS1 *latin1;
          Py_UCS2 *ucs2;
          Py_UCS4 *ucs4;
      } data;                     /* Canonical, smallest-form Unicode buffer */
  } PyUnicodeObject;
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(
      PyObject *op,
      int check_content);
  
  /* Fast access macros */
  
  /* Returns the deprecated Py_UNICODE representation's size in code units
     (this includes surrogate pairs as 2 units).
     If the Py_UNICODE representation is not available, it will be computed
     on request.  Use PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH() for the length in code points. */
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */
  #define PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(op)                       \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)),                    \
       (((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr) ?               \
        PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) :                    \
        ((void)PyUnicode_AsUnicode(_PyObject_CAST(op)),\
         assert(((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr),        \
         PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op)))
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */
  #define PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE(op) \
      (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(op) * Py_UNICODE_SIZE)
  
  /* Alias for PyUnicode_AsUnicode().  This will create a wchar_t/Py_UNICODE
     representation on demand.  Using this macro is very inefficient now,
     try to port your code to use the new PyUnicode_*BYTE_DATA() macros or
     use PyUnicode_WRITE() and PyUnicode_READ(). */
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */
  #define PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(op) \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \
       (((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr) ? (((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr) : \
        PyUnicode_AsUnicode(_PyObject_CAST(op)))
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */
  #define PyUnicode_AS_DATA(op) \
      ((const char *)(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(op)))
  
  
  /* --- Flexible String Representation Helper Macros (PEP 393) -------------- */
  
  /* Values for PyASCIIObject.state: */
  
  /* Interning state. */
  #define SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED 0
  #define SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL 1
  #define SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL 2
  
  /* Return true if the string contains only ASCII characters, or 0 if not. The
     string may be compact (PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII) or not, but must be
     ready. */
  #define PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op)                   \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)),                \
       assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)),             \
       ((PyASCIIObject*)op)->state.ascii)
  
  /* Return true if the string is compact or 0 if not.
     No type checks or Ready calls are performed. */
  #define PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) \
      (((PyASCIIObject*)(op))->state.compact)
  
  /* Return true if the string is a compact ASCII string (use PyASCIIObject
     structure), or 0 if not.  No type checks or Ready calls are performed. */
  #define PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII(op)                 \
      (((PyASCIIObject*)op)->state.ascii && PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op))
  
  enum PyUnicode_Kind {
  /* String contains only wstr byte characters.  This is only possible
     when the string was created with a legacy API and _PyUnicode_Ready()
     has not been called yet.  */
      PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND = 0,
  /* Return values of the PyUnicode_KIND() macro: */
      PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND = 1,
      PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND = 2,
      PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND = 4
  };
  
  /* Return pointers to the canonical representation cast to unsigned char,
     Py_UCS2, or Py_UCS4 for direct character access.
     No checks are performed, use PyUnicode_KIND() before to ensure
     these will work correctly. */
  
  #define PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(op) ((Py_UCS1*)PyUnicode_DATA(op))
  #define PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(op) ((Py_UCS2*)PyUnicode_DATA(op))
  #define PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(op) ((Py_UCS4*)PyUnicode_DATA(op))
  
  /* Return one of the PyUnicode_*_KIND values defined above. */
  #define PyUnicode_KIND(op) \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \
       assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)),            \
       ((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->state.kind)
  
  /* Return a void pointer to the raw unicode buffer. */
  #define _PyUnicode_COMPACT_DATA(op)                     \
      (PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op) ?                   \
       ((void*)((PyASCIIObject*)(op) + 1)) :              \
       ((void*)((PyCompactUnicodeObject*)(op) + 1)))
  
  #define _PyUnicode_NONCOMPACT_DATA(op)                  \
      (assert(((PyUnicodeObject*)(op))->data.any),        \
       ((((PyUnicodeObject *)(op))->data.any)))
  
  #define PyUnicode_DATA(op) \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \
       PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) ? _PyUnicode_COMPACT_DATA(op) :   \
       _PyUnicode_NONCOMPACT_DATA(op))
  
  /* In the access macros below, "kind" may be evaluated more than once.
     All other macro parameters are evaluated exactly once, so it is safe
     to put side effects into them (such as increasing the index). */
  
  /* Write into the canonical representation, this macro does not do any sanity
     checks and is intended for usage in loops.  The caller should cache the
     kind and data pointers obtained from other macro calls.
     index is the index in the string (starts at 0) and value is the new
     code point value which should be written to that location. */
  #define PyUnicode_WRITE(kind, data, index, value) \
      do { \
          switch ((kind)) { \
          case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND: { \
              ((Py_UCS1 *)(data))[(index)] = (Py_UCS1)(value); \
              break; \
          } \
          case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND: { \
              ((Py_UCS2 *)(data))[(index)] = (Py_UCS2)(value); \
              break; \
          } \
          default: { \
              assert((kind) == PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND); \
              ((Py_UCS4 *)(data))[(index)] = (Py_UCS4)(value); \
          } \
          } \
      } while (0)
  
  /* Read a code point from the string's canonical representation.  No checks
     or ready calls are performed. */
  #define PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, index) \
      ((Py_UCS4) \
      ((kind) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND ? \
          ((const Py_UCS1 *)(data))[(index)] : \
          ((kind) == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ? \
              ((const Py_UCS2 *)(data))[(index)] : \
              ((const Py_UCS4 *)(data))[(index)] \
          ) \
      ))
  
  /* PyUnicode_READ_CHAR() is less efficient than PyUnicode_READ() because it
     calls PyUnicode_KIND() and might call it twice.  For single reads, use
     PyUnicode_READ_CHAR, for multiple consecutive reads callers should
     cache kind and use PyUnicode_READ instead. */
  #define PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(unicode, index) \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(unicode)),          \
       assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(unicode)),       \
       (Py_UCS4)                                  \
          (PyUnicode_KIND((unicode)) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND ? \
              ((const Py_UCS1 *)(PyUnicode_DATA((unicode))))[(index)] : \
              (PyUnicode_KIND((unicode)) == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ? \
                  ((const Py_UCS2 *)(PyUnicode_DATA((unicode))))[(index)] : \
                  ((const Py_UCS4 *)(PyUnicode_DATA((unicode))))[(index)] \
              ) \
          ))
  
  /* Returns the length of the unicode string. The caller has to make sure that
     the string has it's canonical representation set before calling
     this macro.  Call PyUnicode_(FAST_)Ready to ensure that. */
  #define PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(op)                \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)),               \
       assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)),            \
       ((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->length)
  
  
  /* Fast check to determine whether an object is ready. Equivalent to
     PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) || ((PyUnicodeObject*)(op))->data.any) */
  
  #define PyUnicode_IS_READY(op) (((PyASCIIObject*)op)->state.ready)
  
  /* PyUnicode_READY() does less work than _PyUnicode_Ready() in the best
     case.  If the canonical representation is not yet set, it will still call
     _PyUnicode_Ready().
     Returns 0 on success and -1 on errors. */
  #define PyUnicode_READY(op)                        \
      (assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)),                       \
       (PyUnicode_IS_READY(op) ?                          \
        0 : _PyUnicode_Ready(_PyObject_CAST(op))))
  
  /* Return a maximum character value which is suitable for creating another
     string based on op.  This is always an approximation but more efficient
     than iterating over the string. */
  #define PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(op) \
      (assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)),                                    \
       (PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op) ?                                          \
        (0x7f) :                                                          \
        (PyUnicode_KIND(op) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND ?                     \
         (0xffU) :                                                        \
         (PyUnicode_KIND(op) == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ?                    \
          (0xffffU) :                                                     \
          (0x10ffffU)))))
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)
  static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) {
      return PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII(op) ?
              ((PyASCIIObject*)op)->length :
              ((PyCompactUnicodeObject*)op)->wstr_length;
  }
  #define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)
  
  /* === Public API ========================================================= */
  
  /* --- Plain Py_UNICODE --------------------------------------------------- */
  
  /* With PEP 393, this is the recommended way to allocate a new unicode object.
     This function will allocate the object and its buffer in a single memory
     block.  Objects created using this function are not resizable. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_New(
      Py_ssize_t size,            /* Number of code points in the new string */
      Py_UCS4 maxchar             /* maximum code point value in the string */
      );
  
  /* Initializes the canonical string representation from the deprecated
     wstr/Py_UNICODE representation. This function is used to convert Unicode
     objects which were created using the old API to the new flexible format
     introduced with PEP 393.
  
     Don't call this function directly, use the public PyUnicode_READY() macro
     instead. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_Ready(
      PyObject *unicode           /* Unicode object */
      );
  
  /* Get a copy of a Unicode string. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_Copy(
      PyObject *unicode
      );
  
  /* Copy character from one unicode object into another, this function performs
     character conversion when necessary and falls back to memcpy() if possible.
  
     Fail if to is too small (smaller than *how_many* or smaller than
     len(from)-from_start), or if kind(from[from_start:from_start+how_many]) >
     kind(to), or if *to* has more than 1 reference.
  
     Return the number of written character, or return -1 and raise an exception
     on error.
  
     Pseudo-code:
  
         how_many = min(how_many, len(from) - from_start)
         to[to_start:to_start+how_many] = from[from_start:from_start+how_many]
         return how_many
  
     Note: The function doesn't write a terminating null character.
     */
  PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(
      PyObject *to,
      Py_ssize_t to_start,
      PyObject *from,
      Py_ssize_t from_start,
      Py_ssize_t how_many
      );
  
  /* Unsafe version of PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(): don't check arguments and so
     may crash if parameters are invalid (e.g. if the output string
     is too short). */
  PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyUnicode_FastCopyCharacters(
      PyObject *to,
      Py_ssize_t to_start,
      PyObject *from,
      Py_ssize_t from_start,
      Py_ssize_t how_many
      );
  
  /* Fill a string with a character: write fill_char into
     unicode[start:start+length].
  
     Fail if fill_char is bigger than the string maximum character, or if the
     string has more than 1 reference.
  
     Return the number of written character, or return -1 and raise an exception
     on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_Fill(
      PyObject *unicode,
      Py_ssize_t start,
      Py_ssize_t length,
      Py_UCS4 fill_char
      );
  
  /* Unsafe version of PyUnicode_Fill(): don't check arguments and so may crash
     if parameters are invalid (e.g. if length is longer than the string). */
  PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyUnicode_FastFill(
      PyObject *unicode,
      Py_ssize_t start,
      Py_ssize_t length,
      Py_UCS4 fill_char
      );
  
  /* Create a Unicode Object from the Py_UNICODE buffer u of the given
     size.
  
     u may be NULL which causes the contents to be undefined. It is the
     user's responsibility to fill in the needed data afterwards. Note
     that modifying the Unicode object contents after construction is
     only allowed if u was set to NULL.
  
     The buffer is copied into the new object. */
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromUnicode(
      const Py_UNICODE *u,        /* Unicode buffer */
      Py_ssize_t size             /* size of buffer */
      );
  
  /* Create a new string from a buffer of Py_UCS1, Py_UCS2 or Py_UCS4 characters.
     Scan the string to find the maximum character. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(
      int kind,
      const void *buffer,
      Py_ssize_t size);
  
  /* Create a new string from a buffer of ASCII characters.
     WARNING: Don't check if the string contains any non-ASCII character. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_FromASCII(
      const char *buffer,
      Py_ssize_t size);
  
  /* Compute the maximum character of the substring unicode[start:end].
     Return 127 for an empty string. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4) _PyUnicode_FindMaxChar (
      PyObject *unicode,
      Py_ssize_t start,
      Py_ssize_t end);
  
  /* Return a read-only pointer to the Unicode object's internal
     Py_UNICODE buffer.
     If the wchar_t/Py_UNICODE representation is not yet available, this
     function will calculate it. */
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode(
      PyObject *unicode           /* Unicode object */
      );
  
  /* Similar to PyUnicode_AsUnicode(), but raises a ValueError if the string
     contains null characters. */
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(const Py_UNICODE *) _PyUnicode_AsUnicode(
      PyObject *unicode           /* Unicode object */
      );
  
  /* Return a read-only pointer to the Unicode object's internal
     Py_UNICODE buffer and save the length at size.
     If the wchar_t/Py_UNICODE representation is not yet available, this
     function will calculate it. */
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize(
      PyObject *unicode,          /* Unicode object */
      Py_ssize_t *size            /* location where to save the length */
      );
  
  
  /* --- _PyUnicodeWriter API ----------------------------------------------- */
  
  typedef struct {
      PyObject *buffer;
      void *data;
      enum PyUnicode_Kind kind;
      Py_UCS4 maxchar;
      Py_ssize_t size;
      Py_ssize_t pos;
  
      /* minimum number of allocated characters (default: 0) */
      Py_ssize_t min_length;
  
      /* minimum character (default: 127, ASCII) */
      Py_UCS4 min_char;
  
      /* If non-zero, overallocate the buffer (default: 0). */
      unsigned char overallocate;
  
      /* If readonly is 1, buffer is a shared string (cannot be modified)
         and size is set to 0. */
      unsigned char readonly;
  } _PyUnicodeWriter ;
  
  /* Initialize a Unicode writer.
   *
   * By default, the minimum buffer size is 0 character and overallocation is
   * disabled. Set min_length, min_char and overallocate attributes to control
   * the allocation of the buffer. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(void)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer);
  
  /* Prepare the buffer to write 'length' characters
     with the specified maximum character.
  
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  #define _PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(WRITER, LENGTH, MAXCHAR)             \
      (((MAXCHAR) <= (WRITER)->maxchar                                  \
        && (LENGTH) <= (WRITER)->size - (WRITER)->pos)                  \
       ? 0                                                              \
       : (((LENGTH) == 0)                                               \
          ? 0                                                           \
          : _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareInternal((WRITER), (LENGTH), (MAXCHAR))))
  
  /* Don't call this function directly, use the _PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare() macro
     instead. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareInternal(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                                   Py_ssize_t length, Py_UCS4 maxchar);
  
  /* Prepare the buffer to have at least the kind KIND.
     For example, kind=PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ensures that the writer will
     support characters in range U+000-U+FFFF.
  
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  #define _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind(WRITER, KIND)                    \
      (assert((KIND) != PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND),                          \
       (KIND) <= (WRITER)->kind                                         \
       ? 0                                                              \
       : _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKindInternal((WRITER), (KIND)))
  
  /* Don't call this function directly, use the _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind()
     macro instead. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKindInternal(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
                                       enum PyUnicode_Kind kind);
  
  /* Append a Unicode character.
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      Py_UCS4 ch
      );
  
  /* Append a Unicode string.
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      PyObject *str               /* Unicode string */
      );
  
  /* Append a substring of a Unicode string.
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      PyObject *str,              /* Unicode string */
      Py_ssize_t start,
      Py_ssize_t end
      );
  
  /* Append an ASCII-encoded byte string.
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      const char *str,           /* ASCII-encoded byte string */
      Py_ssize_t len             /* number of bytes, or -1 if unknown */
      );
  
  /* Append a latin1-encoded byte string.
     Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      const char *str,           /* latin1-encoded byte string */
      Py_ssize_t len             /* length in bytes */
      );
  
  /* Get the value of the writer as a Unicode string. Clear the
     buffer of the writer. Raise an exception and return NULL
     on error. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer);
  
  /* Deallocate memory of a writer (clear its internal buffer). */
  PyAPI_FUNC(void)
  _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer);
  
  
  /* Format the object based on the format_spec, as defined in PEP 3101
     (Advanced String Formatting). */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_FormatAdvancedWriter(
      _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      PyObject *obj,
      PyObject *format_spec,
      Py_ssize_t start,
      Py_ssize_t end);
  
  /* --- Manage the default encoding ---------------------------------------- */
  
  /* Returns a pointer to the default encoding (UTF-8) of the
     Unicode object unicode and the size of the encoded representation
     in bytes stored in *size.
  
     In case of an error, no *size is set.
  
     This function caches the UTF-8 encoded string in the unicodeobject
     and subsequent calls will return the same string.  The memory is released
     when the unicodeobject is deallocated.
  
     _PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize is a #define for PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize to
     support the previous internal function with the same behaviour.
  */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(const char *) PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(
      PyObject *unicode,
      Py_ssize_t *size);
  
  #define _PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize
  
  /* Returns a pointer to the default encoding (UTF-8) of the
     Unicode object unicode.
  
     Like PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(), this also caches the UTF-8 representation
     in the unicodeobject.
  
     _PyUnicode_AsString is a #define for PyUnicode_AsUTF8 to
     support the previous internal function with the same behaviour.
  
     Use of this API is DEPRECATED since no size information can be
     extracted from the returned data.
  
     *** This API is for interpreter INTERNAL USE ONLY and will likely
     *** be removed or changed for Python 3.1.
  
     *** If you need to access the Unicode object as UTF-8 bytes string,
     *** please use PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() instead.
  
  */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(const char *) PyUnicode_AsUTF8(PyObject *unicode);
  
  #define _PyUnicode_AsString PyUnicode_AsUTF8
  
  /* --- Generic Codecs ----------------------------------------------------- */
  
  /* Encodes a Py_UNICODE buffer of the given size and returns a
     Python string object. */
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_Encode(
      const Py_UNICODE *s,        /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t size,            /* number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *encoding,       /* encoding */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* --- UTF-7 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- */
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      int base64SetO,             /* Encode RFC2152 Set O characters in base64 */
      int base64WhiteSpace,       /* Encode whitespace (sp, ht, nl, cr) in base64 */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7(
      PyObject *unicode,          /* Unicode object */
      int base64SetO,             /* Encode RFC2152 Set O characters in base64 */
      int base64WhiteSpace,       /* Encode whitespace (sp, ht, nl, cr) in base64 */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* --- UTF-8 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(
      PyObject *unicode,
      const char *errors);
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* --- UTF-32 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------ */
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *errors,         /* error handling */
      int byteorder               /* byteorder to use 0=BOM+native;-1=LE,1=BE */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32(
      PyObject *object,           /* Unicode object */
      const char *errors,         /* error handling */
      int byteorder               /* byteorder to use 0=BOM+native;-1=LE,1=BE */
      );
  
  /* --- UTF-16 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------ */
  
  /* Returns a Python string object holding the UTF-16 encoded value of
     the Unicode data.
  
     If byteorder is not 0, output is written according to the following
     byte order:
  
     byteorder == -1: little endian
     byteorder == 0:  native byte order (writes a BOM mark)
     byteorder == 1:  big endian
  
     If byteorder is 0, the output string will always start with the
     Unicode BOM mark (U+FEFF). In the other two modes, no BOM mark is
     prepended.
  
     Note that Py_UNICODE data is being interpreted as UTF-16 reduced to
     UCS-2. This trick makes it possible to add full UTF-16 capabilities
     at a later point without compromising the APIs.
  
  */
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *errors,         /* error handling */
      int byteorder               /* byteorder to use 0=BOM+native;-1=LE,1=BE */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16(
      PyObject* unicode,          /* Unicode object */
      const char *errors,         /* error handling */
      int byteorder               /* byteorder to use 0=BOM+native;-1=LE,1=BE */
      );
  
  /* --- Unicode-Escape Codecs ---------------------------------------------- */
  
  /* Helper for PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape that detects invalid escape
     chars. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape(
          const char *string,     /* Unicode-Escape encoded string */
          Py_ssize_t length,      /* size of string */
          const char *errors,     /* error handling */
          const char **first_invalid_escape  /* on return, points to first
                                                invalid escaped char in
                                                string. */
  );
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length           /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      );
  
  /* --- Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs ------------------------------------------ */
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length           /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      );
  
  /* --- Latin-1 Codecs ----------------------------------------------------- */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_AsLatin1String(
      PyObject* unicode,
      const char* errors);
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* --- ASCII Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(
      PyObject* unicode,
      const char* errors);
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeASCII(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* --- Character Map Codecs ----------------------------------------------- */
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      PyObject *mapping,          /* encoding mapping */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap(
      PyObject *unicode,          /* Unicode object */
      PyObject *mapping,          /* encoding mapping */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* Translate a Py_UNICODE buffer of the given length by applying a
     character mapping table to it and return the resulting Unicode
     object.
  
     The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode strings,
     Unicode ordinal integers or None (causing deletion of the character).
  
     Mapping tables may be dictionaries or sequences. Unmapped character
     ordinals (ones which cause a LookupError) are left untouched and
     are copied as-is.
  
  */
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      PyObject *table,            /* Translate table */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* --- MBCS codecs for Windows -------------------------------------------- */
  
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS(
      const Py_UNICODE *data,     /* Unicode char buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  #endif
  
  /* --- Decimal Encoder ---------------------------------------------------- */
  
  /* Takes a Unicode string holding a decimal value and writes it into
     an output buffer using standard ASCII digit codes.
  
     The output buffer has to provide at least length+1 bytes of storage
     area. The output string is 0-terminated.
  
     The encoder converts whitespace to ' ', decimal characters to their
     corresponding ASCII digit and all other Latin-1 characters except
     \0 as-is. Characters outside this range (Unicode ordinals 1-256)
     are treated as errors. This includes embedded NULL bytes.
  
     Error handling is defined by the errors argument:
  
        NULL or "strict": raise a ValueError
        "ignore": ignore the wrong characters (these are not copied to the
                  output buffer)
        "replace": replaces illegal characters with '?'
  
     Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
  
  */
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal(
      Py_UNICODE *s,              /* Unicode buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length,          /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to encode */
      char *output,               /* Output buffer; must have size >= length */
      const char *errors          /* error handling */
      );
  
  /* Transforms code points that have decimal digit property to the
     corresponding ASCII digit code points.
  
     Returns a new Unicode string on success, NULL on failure.
  */
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII(
      Py_UNICODE *s,              /* Unicode buffer */
      Py_ssize_t length           /* Number of Py_UNICODE chars to transform */
      );
  
  /* Coverts a Unicode object holding a decimal value to an ASCII string
     for using in int, float and complex parsers.
     Transforms code points that have decimal digit property to the
     corresponding ASCII digit code points.  Transforms spaces to ASCII.
     Transforms code points starting from the first non-ASCII code point that
     is neither a decimal digit nor a space to the end into '?'. */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_TransformDecimalAndSpaceToASCII(
      PyObject *unicode           /* Unicode object */
      );
  
  /* --- Methods & Slots ---------------------------------------------------- */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyUnicode_JoinArray(
      PyObject *separator,
      PyObject *const *items,
      Py_ssize_t seqlen
      );
  
  /* Test whether a unicode is equal to ASCII identifier.  Return 1 if true,
     0 otherwise.  The right argument must be ASCII identifier.
     Any error occurs inside will be cleared before return. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(
      PyObject *left,             /* Left string */
      _Py_Identifier *right       /* Right identifier */
      );
  
  /* Test whether a unicode is equal to ASCII string.  Return 1 if true,
     0 otherwise.  The right argument must be ASCII-encoded string.
     Any error occurs inside will be cleared before return. */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(
      PyObject *left,
      const char *right           /* ASCII-encoded string */
      );
  
  /* Externally visible for str.strip(unicode) */
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyUnicode_XStrip(
      PyObject *self,
      int striptype,
      PyObject *sepobj
      );
  
  /* Using explicit passed-in values, insert the thousands grouping
     into the string pointed to by buffer.  For the argument descriptions,
     see Objects/stringlib/localeutil.h */
  PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PyUnicode_InsertThousandsGrouping(
      _PyUnicodeWriter *writer,
      Py_ssize_t n_buffer,
      PyObject *digits,
      Py_ssize_t d_pos,
      Py_ssize_t n_digits,
      Py_ssize_t min_width,
      const char *grouping,
      PyObject *thousands_sep,
      Py_UCS4 *maxchar);
  
  /* === Characters Type APIs =============================================== */
  
  /* Helper array used by Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE(). */
  
  PyAPI_DATA(const unsigned char) _Py_ascii_whitespace[];
  
  /* These should not be used directly. Use the Py_UNICODE_IS* and
     Py_UNICODE_TO* macros instead.
  
     These APIs are implemented in Objects/unicodectype.c.
  
  */
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsLowercase(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsUppercase(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsTitlecase(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsXidStart(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsXidContinue(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsWhitespace(
      const Py_UCS4 ch         /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsLinebreak(
      const Py_UCS4 ch         /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */ PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4) _PyUnicode_ToLowercase(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  /* Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) */ PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4) _PyUnicode_ToUppercase(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4) _PyUnicode_ToTitlecase(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_ToLowerFull(
      Py_UCS4 ch,       /* Unicode character */
      Py_UCS4 *res
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_ToTitleFull(
      Py_UCS4 ch,       /* Unicode character */
      Py_UCS4 *res
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_ToUpperFull(
      Py_UCS4 ch,       /* Unicode character */
      Py_UCS4 *res
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_ToFoldedFull(
      Py_UCS4 ch,       /* Unicode character */
      Py_UCS4 *res
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsCaseIgnorable(
      Py_UCS4 ch         /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsCased(
      Py_UCS4 ch         /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_ToDecimalDigit(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_ToDigit(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(double) _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsDecimalDigit(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsDigit(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsNumeric(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsPrintable(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_IsAlpha(
      Py_UCS4 ch       /* Unicode character */
      );
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_FormatLong(PyObject *, int, int, int);
  
  /* Return an interned Unicode object for an Identifier; may fail if there is no memory.*/
  PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyUnicode_FromId(_Py_Identifier*);
  
  /* Fast equality check when the inputs are known to be exact unicode types
     and where the hash values are equal (i.e. a very probable match) */
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_EQ(PyObject *, PyObject *);
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_WideCharString_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
  PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_WideCharString_Opt_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
  
  PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PyUnicode_ScanIdentifier(PyObject *);
  