text: // Nokia5110.h
  // Runs on LM4F120/TM4C123
  // Use SSI0 to send an 8-bit code to the Nokia5110 48x84
  // pixel LCD to display text, images, or other information.
  // Daniel Valvano
  // September 16, 2013
  
  // Font table, initialization, and other functions based
  // off of Nokia_5110_Example from Spark Fun:
  // 7-17-2011
  // Spark Fun Electronics 2011
  // Nathan Seidle
  // http://dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net/datasheets/LCD/Monochrome/Nokia_5110_Example.pde
  
  /* This example accompanies the book
     "Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Cortex M Microcontrollers",
     ISBN: 978-1469998749, Jonathan Valvano, copyright (c) 2014
  
   Copyright 2014 by Jonathan W. Valvano, valvano@mail.utexas.edu
      You may use, edit, run or distribute this file
      as long as the above copyright notice remains
   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS".  NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED
   OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE APPLY TO THIS SOFTWARE.
   VALVANO SHALL NOT, IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
   OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, FOR ANY REASON WHATSOEVER.
   For more information about my classes, my research, and my books, see
   http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/
   */
  
  // Blue Nokia 5110
  // ---------------
  // Signal        (Nokia 5110) LaunchPad pin
  // Reset         (RST, pin 1) connected to PA7
  // SSI0Fss       (CE,  pin 2) connected to PA3
  // Data/Command  (DC,  pin 3) connected to PA6
  // SSI0Tx        (Din, pin 4) connected to PA5
  // SSI0Clk       (Clk, pin 5) connected to PA2
  // 3.3V          (Vcc, pin 6) power
  // back light    (BL,  pin 7) not connected, consists of 4 white LEDs which draw ~80mA total
  // Ground        (Gnd, pin 8) ground
  
  // Red SparkFun Nokia 5110 (LCD-10168)
  // -----------------------------------
  // Signal        (Nokia 5110) LaunchPad pin
  // 3.3V          (VCC, pin 1) power
  // Ground        (GND, pin 2) ground
  // SSI0Fss       (SCE, pin 3) connected to PA3
  // Reset         (RST, pin 4) connected to PA7
  // Data/Command  (D/C, pin 5) connected to PA6
  // SSI0Tx        (DN,  pin 6) connected to PA5
  // SSI0Clk       (SCLK, pin 7) connected to PA2
  // back light    (LED, pin 8) not connected, consists of 4 white LEDs which draw ~80mA total
  
  // Maximum dimensions of the LCD, although the pixels are
  // numbered from zero to (MAX-1).  Address may automatically
  // be incremented after each transmission.
  #define MAX_X                   84
  #define MAX_Y                   48
  // *************************** Screen dimensions ***************************
  #define SCREENW     84
  #define SCREENH     48
  
  // Contrast value 0xB1 looks good on red SparkFun
  // and 0xB8 looks good on blue Nokia 5110.
  // Adjust this from 0xA0 (lighter) to 0xCF (darker) for your display.
  #define CONTRAST                0xB9
  
  // This table contains the hex values that represent pixels
  // for a font that is 5 pixels wide and 8 pixels high
  static const char ASCII[][5] = {
    {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00} // 20
    ,{0x00, 0x00, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x00} // 21 !
    ,{0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00} // 22 "
    ,{0x14, 0x7f, 0x14, 0x7f, 0x14} // 23 #
    ,{0x24, 0x2a, 0x7f, 0x2a, 0x12} // 24 $
    ,{0x23, 0x13, 0x08, 0x64, 0x62} // 25 %
    ,{0x36, 0x49, 0x55, 0x22, 0x50} // 26 &
    ,{0x00, 0x05, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00} // 27 '
    ,{0x00, 0x1c, 0x22, 0x41, 0x00} // 28 (
    ,{0x00, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1c, 0x00} // 29 )
    ,{0x14, 0x08, 0x3e, 0x08, 0x14} // 2a *
    ,{0x08, 0x08, 0x3e, 0x08, 0x08} // 2b +
    ,{0x00, 0x50, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00} // 2c ,
    ,{0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08} // 2d -
    ,{0x00, 0x60, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00} // 2e .
    ,{0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02} // 2f /
    ,{0x3e, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x3e} // 30 0
    ,{0x00, 0x42, 0x7f, 0x40, 0x00} // 31 1
    ,{0x42, 0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x46} // 32 2
    ,{0x21, 0x41, 0x45, 0x4b, 0x31} // 33 3
    ,{0x18, 0x14, 0x12, 0x7f, 0x10} // 34 4
    ,{0x27, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x39} // 35 5
    ,{0x3c, 0x4a, 0x49, 0x49, 0x30} // 36 6
    ,{0x01, 0x71, 0x09, 0x05, 0x03} // 37 7
    ,{0x36, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36} // 38 8
    ,{0x06, 0x49, 0x49, 0x29, 0x1e} // 39 9
    ,{0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00} // 3a :
    ,{0x00, 0x56, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00} // 3b ;
    ,{0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41, 0x00} // 3c <
    ,{0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14} // 3d =
    ,{0x00, 0x41, 0x22, 0x14, 0x08} // 3e >
    ,{0x02, 0x01, 0x51, 0x09, 0x06} // 3f ?
    ,{0x32, 0x49, 0x79, 0x41, 0x3e} // 40 @
    ,{0x7e, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x7e} // 41 A
    ,{0x7f, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36} // 42 B
    ,{0x3e, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22} // 43 C
    ,{0x7f, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1c} // 44 D
    ,{0x7f, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x41} // 45 E
    ,{0x7f, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x01} // 46 F
    ,{0x3e, 0x41, 0x49, 0x49, 0x7a} // 47 G
    ,{0x7f, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x7f} // 48 H
    ,{0x00, 0x41, 0x7f, 0x41, 0x00} // 49 I
    ,{0x20, 0x40, 0x41, 0x3f, 0x01} // 4a J
    ,{0x7f, 0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41} // 4b K
    ,{0x7f, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40} // 4c L
    ,{0x7f, 0x02, 0x0c, 0x02, 0x7f} // 4d M
    ,{0x7f, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x7f} // 4e N
    ,{0x3e, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x3e} // 4f O
    ,{0x7f, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06} // 50 P
    ,{0x3e, 0x41, 0x51, 0x21, 0x5e} // 51 Q
    ,{0x7f, 0x09, 0x19, 0x29, 0x46} // 52 R
    ,{0x46, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x31} // 53 S
    ,{0x01, 0x01, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x01} // 54 T
    ,{0x3f, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x3f} // 55 U
    ,{0x1f, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1f} // 56 V
    ,{0x3f, 0x40, 0x38, 0x40, 0x3f} // 57 W
    ,{0x63, 0x14, 0x08, 0x14, 0x63} // 58 X
    ,{0x07, 0x08, 0x70, 0x08, 0x07} // 59 Y
    ,{0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x43} // 5a Z
    ,{0x00, 0x7f, 0x41, 0x41, 0x00} // 5b [
    ,{0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20} // 5c '\'
    ,{0x00, 0x41, 0x41, 0x7f, 0x00} // 5d ]
    ,{0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04} // 5e ^
    ,{0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40} // 5f _
    ,{0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00} // 60 `
    ,{0x20, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x78} // 61 a
    ,{0x7f, 0x48, 0x44, 0x44, 0x38} // 62 b
    ,{0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x20} // 63 c
    ,{0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x48, 0x7f} // 64 d
    ,{0x38, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x18} // 65 e
    ,{0x08, 0x7e, 0x09, 0x01, 0x02} // 66 f
    ,{0x0c, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x3e} // 67 g
    ,{0x7f, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x78} // 68 h
    ,{0x00, 0x44, 0x7d, 0x40, 0x00} // 69 i
    ,{0x20, 0x40, 0x44, 0x3d, 0x00} // 6a j
    ,{0x7f, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44, 0x00} // 6b k
    ,{0x00, 0x41, 0x7f, 0x40, 0x00} // 6c l
    ,{0x7c, 0x04, 0x18, 0x04, 0x78} // 6d m
    ,{0x7c, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x78} // 6e n
    ,{0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x38} // 6f o
    ,{0x7c, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x08} // 70 p
    ,{0x08, 0x14, 0x14, 0x18, 0x7c} // 71 q
    ,{0x7c, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08} // 72 r
    ,{0x48, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x20} // 73 s
    ,{0x04, 0x3f, 0x44, 0x40, 0x20} // 74 t
    ,{0x3c, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 0x7c} // 75 u
    ,{0x1c, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1c} // 76 v
    ,{0x3c, 0x40, 0x30, 0x40, 0x3c} // 77 w
    ,{0x44, 0x28, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44} // 78 x
    ,{0x0c, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x3c} // 79 y
    ,{0x44, 0x64, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x44} // 7a z
    ,{0x00, 0x08, 0x36, 0x41, 0x00} // 7b {
    ,{0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00} // 7c |
    ,{0x00, 0x41, 0x36, 0x08, 0x00} // 7d }
    ,{0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x10, 0x08} // 7e ~
  //  ,{0x78, 0x46, 0x41, 0x46, 0x78} // 7f DEL
    ,{0x1f, 0x24, 0x7c, 0x24, 0x1f} // 7f UT sign
  };
  
  //********Nokia5110_Init*****************
  // Initialize Nokia 5110 48x84 LCD by sending the proper
  // commands to the PCD8544 driver.  One new feature of the
  // LM4F120 is that its SSIs can get their baud clock from
  // either the system clock or from the 16 MHz precision
  // internal oscillator.  If the system clock is faster than
  // 50 MHz, the SSI baud clock will be faster than the 4 MHz
  // maximum of the Nokia 5110.
  // inputs: none
  // outputs: none
  // assumes: system clock rate of 50 MHz or less
  void Nokia5110_Init(void);
  
  //********Nokia5110_OutChar*****************
  // Print a character to the Nokia 5110 48x84 LCD.  The
  // character will be printed at the current cursor position,
  // the cursor will automatically be updated, and it will
  // wrap to the next row or back to the top if necessary.
  // One blank column of pixels will be printed on either side
  // of the character for readability.  Since characters are 8
  // pixels tall and 5 pixels wide, 12 characters fit per row,
  // and there are six rows.
  // inputs: data  character to print
  // outputs: none
  // assumes: LCD is in default horizontal addressing mode (V = 0)
  void Nokia5110_OutChar(unsigned char data);
  
  //********Nokia5110_OutString*****************
  // Print a string of characters to the Nokia 5110 48x84 LCD.
  // The string will automatically wrap, so padding spaces may
  // be needed to make the output look optimal.
  // inputs: ptr  pointer to NULL-terminated ASCII string
  // outputs: none
  // assumes: LCD is in default horizontal addressing mode (V = 0)
  void Nokia5110_OutString(char *ptr);
  
  //********Nokia5110_OutUDec*****************
  // Output a 16-bit number in unsigned decimal format with a
  // fixed size of five right-justified digits of output.
  // Inputs: n  16-bit unsigned number
  // Outputs: none
  // assumes: LCD is in default horizontal addressing mode (V = 0)
  void Nokia5110_OutUDec(unsigned short n);
  
  //********Nokia5110_SetCursor*****************
  // Move the cursor to the desired X- and Y-position.  The
  // next character will be printed here.  X=0 is the leftmost
  // column.  Y=0 is the top row.
  // inputs: newX  new X-position of the cursor (0<=newX<=11)
  //         newY  new Y-position of the cursor (0<=newY<=5)
  // outputs: none
  void Nokia5110_SetCursor(unsigned char newX, unsigned char newY);
  
  //********Nokia5110_Clear*****************
  // Clear the LCD by writing zeros to the entire screen and
  // reset the cursor to (0,0) (top left corner of screen).
  // inputs: none
  // outputs: none
  void Nokia5110_Clear(void);
  
  //********Nokia5110_DrawFullImage*****************
  // Fill the whole screen by drawing a 48x84 bitmap image.
  // inputs: ptr  pointer to 504 byte bitmap
  // outputs: none
  // assumes: LCD is in default horizontal addressing mode (V = 0)
  void Nokia5110_DrawFullImage(const char *ptr);
  
  //********Nokia5110_PrintBMP*****************
  // Bitmaps defined above were created for the LM3S1968 or
  // LM3S8962's 4-bit grayscale OLED display.  They also
  // still contain their header data and may contain padding
  // to preserve 4-byte alignment.  This function takes a
  // bitmap in the previously described format and puts its
  // image data in the proper location in the buffer so the
  // image will appear on the screen after the next call to
  //   Nokia5110_DrawFullImage(Screen);
  // The interface and operation of this process is modeled
  // after RIT128x96x4_BMP(x, y, image);
  // inputs: xpos      horizontal position of bottom left corner of image, columns from the left edge
  //                     must be less than 84
  //                     0 is on the left; 82 is near the right
  //         ypos      vertical position of bottom left corner of image, rows from the top edge
  //                     must be less than 48
  //                     2 is near the top; 47 is at the bottom
  //         ptr       pointer to a 16 color BMP image
  //         threshold grayscale colors above this number make corresponding pixel 'on'
  //                     0 to 14
  //                     0 is fine for ships, explosions, projectiles, and bunkers
  // outputs: none
  void Nokia5110_PrintBMP(unsigned char xpos, unsigned char ypos, const unsigned char *ptr, unsigned char threshold);
  
  // There is a buffer in RAM that holds one screen
  // This routine clears this buffer
  void Nokia5110_ClearBuffer(void);
  
  //********Nokia5110_DisplayBuffer*****************
  // Fill the whole screen by drawing a 48x84 screen image.
  // inputs: none
  // outputs: none
  // assumes: LCD is in default horizontal addressing mode (V = 0)
  void Nokia5110_DisplayBuffer(void);
  