text: #include <string.h>
  #include <math.h>
  
  #include "intrin.h"
  #include "fold.h"
  #include "ast.h"
  #include "parser.h"
  
  #define PARSER_HT_LOCALS  2
  #define PARSER_HT_SIZE    512
  #define TYPEDEF_HT_SIZE   512
  
  static void parser_enterblock(parser_t *parser);
  static bool parser_leaveblock(parser_t *parser);
  static void parser_addlocal(parser_t *parser, const char *name, ast_expression *e);
  static void parser_addlocal(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name, ast_expression *e);
  static void parser_addglobal(parser_t *parser, const char *name, ast_expression *e);
  static void parser_addglobal(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name, ast_expression *e);
  static bool parse_typedef(parser_t *parser);
  static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofields, int qualifier, ast_value *cached_typedef, bool noref, bool is_static, uint32_t qflags, char *vstring);
  static ast_block* parse_block(parser_t *parser);
  static bool parse_block_into(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block);
  static bool parse_statement_or_block(parser_t *parser, ast_expression **out);
  static bool parse_statement(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out, bool allow_cases);
  static ast_expression* parse_expression_leave(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma, bool truthvalue, bool with_labels);
  static ast_expression* parse_expression(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma, bool with_labels);
  static ast_value* parser_create_array_setter_proto(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const char *funcname);
  static ast_value* parser_create_array_getter_proto(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const ast_expression *elemtype, const char *funcname);
  static ast_value *parse_typename(parser_t *parser, ast_value **storebase, ast_value *cached_typedef, bool *is_vararg);
  
  static void parseerror_(parser_t *parser, const char *fmt, ...)
  {
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, fmt);
      vcompile_error(parser->lex->tok.ctx, fmt, ap);
      va_end(ap);
  }
  
  template<typename... Ts>
  static inline void parseerror(parser_t *parser, const char *fmt, const Ts&... ts) {
      return parseerror_(parser, fmt, formatNormalize(ts)...);
  }
  
  // returns true if it counts as an error
  static bool GMQCC_WARN parsewarning_(parser_t *parser, int warntype, const char *fmt, ...)
  {
      bool    r;
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, fmt);
      r = vcompile_warning(parser->lex->tok.ctx, warntype, fmt, ap);
      va_end(ap);
      return r;
  }
  
  template<typename... Ts>
  static inline bool GMQCC_WARN parsewarning(parser_t *parser, int warntype, const char *fmt, const Ts&... ts) {
      return parsewarning_(parser, warntype, fmt, formatNormalize(ts)...);
  }
  
  /**********************************************************************
   * parsing
   */
  
  static bool parser_next(parser_t *parser)
  {
      /* lex_do kills the previous token */
      parser->tok = lex_do(parser->lex);
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_EOF)
          return true;
      if (parser->tok >= TOKEN_ERROR) {
          parseerror(parser, "lex error");
          return false;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  #define parser_tokval(p) ((p)->lex->tok.value)
  #define parser_token(p)  (&((p)->lex->tok))
  
  char *parser_strdup(const char *str)
  {
      if (str && !*str) {
          /* actually dup empty strings */
          char *out = (char*)mem_a(1);
          *out = 0;
          return out;
      }
      return util_strdup(str);
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parser_find_field(parser_t *parser, const char *name) {
      return (ast_expression*)util_htget(parser->htfields, name);
  }
  static ast_expression* parser_find_field(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name) {
      return parser_find_field(parser, name.c_str());
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parser_find_label(parser_t *parser, const char *name)
  {
      for (auto &it : parser->labels)
          if (it->m_name == name)
              return it;
      return nullptr;
  }
  static inline ast_expression* parser_find_label(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name) {
      return parser_find_label(parser, name.c_str());
  }
  
  ast_expression* parser_find_global(parser_t *parser, const char *name)
  {
      ast_expression *var = (ast_expression*)util_htget(parser->aliases, parser_tokval(parser));
      if (var)
          return var;
      return (ast_expression*)util_htget(parser->htglobals, name);
  }
  
  ast_expression* parser_find_global(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name) {
      return parser_find_global(parser, name.c_str());
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parser_find_param(parser_t *parser, const char *name)
  {
      ast_value *fun;
      if (!parser->function)
          return nullptr;
      fun = parser->function->m_function_type;
      for (auto &it : fun->m_type_params) {
          if (it->m_name == name)
              return it.get();
      }
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parser_find_local(parser_t *parser, const char *name, size_t upto, bool *isparam)
  {
      size_t          i, hash;
      ast_expression *e;
  
      hash = util_hthash(parser->htglobals, name);
  
      *isparam = false;
      for (i = parser->variables.size(); i > upto;) {
          --i;
          if ( (e = (ast_expression*)util_htgeth(parser->variables[i], name, hash)) )
              return e;
      }
      *isparam = true;
      return parser_find_param(parser, name);
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parser_find_local(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name, size_t upto, bool *isparam) {
      return parser_find_local(parser, name.c_str(), upto, isparam);
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parser_find_var(parser_t *parser, const char *name)
  {
      bool dummy;
      ast_expression *v;
      v         = parser_find_local(parser, name, PARSER_HT_LOCALS, &dummy);
      if (!v) v = parser_find_global(parser, name);
      return v;
  }
  
  static inline ast_expression* parser_find_var(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name) {
      return parser_find_var(parser, name.c_str());
  }
  
  static ast_value* parser_find_typedef(parser_t *parser, const char *name, size_t upto)
  {
      size_t     i, hash;
      ast_value *e;
      hash = util_hthash(parser->typedefs[0], name);
  
      for (i = parser->typedefs.size(); i > upto;) {
          --i;
          if ( (e = (ast_value*)util_htgeth(parser->typedefs[i], name, hash)) )
              return e;
      }
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static ast_value* parser_find_typedef(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name, size_t upto) {
      return parser_find_typedef(parser, name.c_str(), upto);
  }
  
  struct sy_elem {
      size_t etype; /* 0 = expression, others are operators */
      bool isparen;
      size_t off;
      ast_expression *out;
      ast_block *block; /* for commas and function calls */
      lex_ctx_t ctx;
  };
  
  enum {
      PAREN_EXPR,
      PAREN_FUNC,
      PAREN_INDEX,
      PAREN_TERNARY1,
      PAREN_TERNARY2
  };
  
  struct shunt {
      std::vector<sy_elem> out;
      std::vector<sy_elem> ops;
      std::vector<size_t> argc;
      std::vector<unsigned int> paren;
  };
  
  static sy_elem syexp(lex_ctx_t ctx, ast_expression *v) {
      sy_elem e;
      e.etype = 0;
      e.off   = 0;
      e.out   = v;
      e.block = nullptr;
      e.ctx   = ctx;
      e.isparen = false;
      return e;
  }
  
  static sy_elem syblock(lex_ctx_t ctx, ast_block *v) {
      sy_elem e;
      e.etype = 0;
      e.off   = 0;
      e.out   = v;
      e.block = v;
      e.ctx   = ctx;
      e.isparen = false;
      return e;
  }
  
  static sy_elem syop(lex_ctx_t ctx, const oper_info *op) {
      sy_elem e;
      e.etype = 1 + (op - operators);
      e.off   = 0;
      e.out   = nullptr;
      e.block = nullptr;
      e.ctx   = ctx;
      e.isparen = false;
      return e;
  }
  
  static sy_elem syparen(lex_ctx_t ctx, size_t off) {
      sy_elem e;
      e.etype = 0;
      e.off   = off;
      e.out   = nullptr;
      e.block = nullptr;
      e.ctx   = ctx;
      e.isparen = true;
      return e;
  }
  
  /* With regular precedence rules, ent.foo[n] is the same as (ent.foo)[n],
   * so we need to rotate it to become ent.(foo[n]).
   */
  static bool rotate_entfield_array_index_nodes(ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_array_index *index, *oldindex;
      ast_entfield    *entfield;
  
      ast_value       *field;
      ast_expression  *sub;
      ast_expression  *entity;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = (*out)->m_context;
  
      if (!ast_istype(*out, ast_array_index))
          return false;
      index = (ast_array_index*)*out;
  
      if (!ast_istype(index->m_array, ast_entfield))
          return false;
      entfield = (ast_entfield*)index->m_array;
  
      if (!ast_istype(entfield->m_field, ast_value))
          return false;
      field = (ast_value*)entfield->m_field;
  
      sub    = index->m_index;
      entity = entfield->m_entity;
  
      oldindex = index;
  
      index = ast_array_index::make(ctx, field, sub);
      entfield = new ast_entfield(ctx, entity, index);
      *out = entfield;
  
      oldindex->m_array = nullptr;
      oldindex->m_index = nullptr;
      delete oldindex;
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static int store_op_for(ast_expression* expr)
  {
      if (OPTS_FLAG(ADJUST_VECTOR_FIELDS) && expr->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD && expr->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
          if (ast_istype(expr, ast_entfield)) {
              return type_storep_instr[TYPE_VECTOR];
          } else {
              return type_store_instr[TYPE_VECTOR];
          }
      }
  
      if (ast_istype(expr, ast_member) && ast_istype(((ast_member*)expr)->m_owner, ast_entfield)) {
          return type_storep_instr[expr->m_vtype];
      }
  
      if (ast_istype(expr, ast_entfield)) {
          return type_storep_instr[expr->m_vtype];
      }
  
      return type_store_instr[expr->m_vtype];
  }
  
  static bool check_write_to(lex_ctx_t ctx, ast_expression *expr)
  {
      if (ast_istype(expr, ast_value)) {
          ast_value *val = (ast_value*)expr;
          if (val->m_cvq == CV_CONST) {
              if (val->m_name[0] == '#') {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid assignment to a literal constant");
                  return false;
              }
              /*
               * To work around quakeworld we must elide the error and make it
               * a warning instead.
               */
              if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) != COMPILER_QCC)
                  compile_error(ctx, "assignment to constant `%s`", val->m_name);
              else
                  (void)!compile_warning(ctx, WARN_CONST_OVERWRITE, "assignment to constant `%s`", val->m_name);
              return false;
          }
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
  {
      const oper_info *op;
      lex_ctx_t ctx;
      ast_expression *out = nullptr;
      ast_expression *exprs[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
      ast_block      *blocks[3];
      ast_binstore   *asbinstore;
      size_t i, assignop, addop, subop;
      qcint_t  generated_op = 0;
  
      char ty1[1024];
      char ty2[1024];
  
      if (sy->ops.empty()) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: missing operator");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (sy->ops.back().isparen) {
          parseerror(parser, "unmatched parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      op = &operators[sy->ops.back().etype - 1];
      ctx = sy->ops.back().ctx;
  
      if (sy->out.size() < op->operands) {
          if (op->flags & OP_PREFIX)
              compile_error(ctx, "expected expression after unary operator `%s`", op->op, (int)op->id);
          else /* this should have errored previously already */
              compile_error(ctx, "expected expression after operator `%s`", op->op, (int)op->id);
          return false;
      }
  
      sy->ops.pop_back();
  
      /* op(:?) has no input and no output */
      if (!op->operands)
          return true;
  
      sy->out.erase(sy->out.end() - op->operands, sy->out.end());
      for (i = 0; i < op->operands; ++i) {
          exprs[i]  = sy->out[sy->out.size()+i].out;
          blocks[i] = sy->out[sy->out.size()+i].block;
  
          if (exprs[i]->m_vtype == TYPE_NOEXPR &&
              !(i != 0 && op->id == opid2('?',':')) &&
              !(i == 1 && op->id == opid1('.')))
          {
              if (ast_istype(exprs[i], ast_label))
                  compile_error(exprs[i]->m_context, "expected expression, got an unknown identifier");
              else
                  compile_error(exprs[i]->m_context, "not an expression");
              (void)!compile_warning(exprs[i]->m_context, WARN_DEBUG, "expression %u\n", (unsigned int)i);
          }
      }
  
      if (blocks[0] && blocks[0]->m_exprs.empty() && op->id != opid1(',')) {
          compile_error(ctx, "internal error: operator cannot be applied on empty blocks");
          return false;
      }
  
  #define NotSameType(T) \
               (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype || \
                exprs[0]->m_vtype != T)
  
      switch (op->id)
      {
          default:
              compile_error(ctx, "internal error: unhandled operator: %s (%i)", op->op, (int)op->id);
              return false;
  
          case opid1('.'):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
                  exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_NOEXPR)
              {
                  if      (exprs[1] == parser->const_vec[0])
                      out = ast_member::make(ctx, exprs[0], 0, "");
                  else if (exprs[1] == parser->const_vec[1])
                      out = ast_member::make(ctx, exprs[0], 1, "");
                  else if (exprs[1] == parser->const_vec[2])
                      out = ast_member::make(ctx, exprs[0], 2, "");
                  else {
                      compile_error(ctx, "access to invalid vector component");
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              else if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_ENTITY) {
                  if (exprs[1]->m_vtype != TYPE_FIELD) {
                      compile_error(exprs[1]->m_context, "type error: right hand of member-operand should be an entity-field");
                      return false;
                  }
                  out = new ast_entfield(ctx, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              }
              else if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
                  compile_error(exprs[1]->m_context, "vectors cannot be accessed this way");
                  return false;
              }
              else {
                  compile_error(exprs[1]->m_context, "type error: member-of operator on something that is not an entity or vector");
                  return false;
              }
              break;
  
          case opid1('['):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_ARRAY &&
                  !(exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
                    exprs[0]->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_ARRAY))
              {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  compile_error(exprs[0]->m_context, "cannot index value of type %s", ty1);
                  return false;
              }
              if (exprs[1]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  compile_error(exprs[1]->m_context, "index must be of type float, not %s", ty1);
                  return false;
              }
              out = ast_array_index::make(ctx, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              rotate_entfield_array_index_nodes(&out);
              break;
  
          case opid1(','):
              if (sy->paren.size() && sy->paren.back() == PAREN_FUNC) {
                  sy->out.push_back(syexp(ctx, exprs[0]));
                  sy->out.push_back(syexp(ctx, exprs[1]));
                  sy->argc.back()++;
                  return true;
              }
              if (blocks[0]) {
                  if (!blocks[0]->addExpr(exprs[1]))
                      return false;
              } else {
                  blocks[0] = new ast_block(ctx);
                  if (!blocks[0]->addExpr(exprs[0]) ||
                      !blocks[0]->addExpr(exprs[1]))
                  {
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              blocks[0]->setType(*exprs[1]);
  
              sy->out.push_back(syblock(ctx, blocks[0]));
              return true;
  
          case opid2('+','P'):
              out = exprs[0];
              break;
          case opid2('-','P'):
              if ((out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs)))
                  break;
  
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT &&
                  exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR) {
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in unary expression: cannot negate type %s",
                                    type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                  out = ast_unary::make(ctx, VINSTR_NEG_F, exprs[0]);
              else
                  out = ast_unary::make(ctx, VINSTR_NEG_V, exprs[0]);
              break;
  
          case opid2('!','P'):
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  switch (exprs[0]->m_vtype) {
                      case TYPE_FLOAT:
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_F, exprs[0]);
                          break;
                      case TYPE_VECTOR:
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_V, exprs[0]);
                          break;
                      case TYPE_STRING:
                          if (OPTS_FLAG(TRUE_EMPTY_STRINGS))
                              out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_F, exprs[0]);
                          else
                              out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_S, exprs[0]);
                          break;
                      /* we don't constant-fold NOT for these types */
                      case TYPE_ENTITY:
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_ENT, exprs[0]);
                          break;
                      case TYPE_FUNCTION:
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_FNC, exprs[0]);
                          break;
                      default:
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot logically negate type %s",
                                    type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype]);
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              break;
  
          case opid1('+'):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype ||
                 (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
              {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add type %s and %s",
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  switch (exprs[0]->m_vtype) {
                      case TYPE_FLOAT:
                          out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_ADD_F, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          break;
                      case TYPE_VECTOR:
                          out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_ADD_V, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          break;
                      default:
                          compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add type %s and %s",
                                        type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                        type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                          return false;
                  }
              }
              break;
          case opid1('-'):
              if  (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype ||
                  (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT))
              {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot subtract type %s from %s",
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  switch (exprs[0]->m_vtype) {
                      case TYPE_FLOAT:
                          out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_SUB_F, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          break;
                      case TYPE_VECTOR:
                          out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_SUB_V, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          break;
                      default:
                          compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot subtract type %s from %s",
                                        type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype],
                                        type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype]);
                          return false;
                  }
              }
              break;
          case opid1('*'):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype &&
                  !(exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
                    exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) &&
                  !(exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
                    exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                  )
              {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot multiply types %s and %s",
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  switch (exprs[0]->m_vtype) {
                      case TYPE_FLOAT:
                          if (exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                              out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_MUL_FV, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          else
                              out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          break;
                      case TYPE_VECTOR:
                          if (exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                              out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_MUL_VF, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          else
                              out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_MUL_V, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                          break;
                      default:
                          compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot multiply types %s and %s",
                                        type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype],
                                        type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype]);
                          return false;
                  }
              }
              break;
  
          case opid1('/'):
              if (exprs[1]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot divide types %s and %s", ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                      out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_DIV_F, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                  else {
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot divide types %s and %s", ty1, ty2);
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              break;
  
          case opid1('%'):
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform modulo operation between types %s and %s",
                      type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                      type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              } else if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  /* generate a call to __builtin_mod */
                  ast_expression *mod  = parser->m_intrin.func("mod");
                  ast_call       *call = nullptr;
                  if (!mod) return false; /* can return null for missing floor */
  
                  call = ast_call::make(parser_ctx(parser), mod);
                  call->m_params.push_back(exprs[0]);
                  call->m_params.push_back(exprs[1]);
  
                  out = call;
              }
              break;
  
          case opid2('%','='):
              compile_error(ctx, "%= is unimplemented");
              return false;
  
          case opid1('|'):
          case opid1('&'):
          case opid1('^'):
              if ( !(exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT  && exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) &&
                   !(exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) &&
                   !(exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR))
              {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform bit operations between types %s and %s",
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  /*
                   * IF the first expression is float, the following will be too
                   * since scalar ^ vector is not allowed.
                   */
                  if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) {
                      out = fold::binary(ctx,
                          (op->id == opid1('^') ? VINSTR_BITXOR : op->id == opid1('|') ? INSTR_BITOR : INSTR_BITAND),
                          exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                  } else {
                      /*
                       * The first is a vector: vector is allowed to bitop with vector and
                       * with scalar, branch here for the second operand.
                       */
                      if (exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
                          /*
                           * Bitop all the values of the vector components against the
                           * vectors components in question.
                           */
                          out = fold::binary(ctx,
                              (op->id == opid1('^') ? VINSTR_BITXOR_V : op->id == opid1('|') ? VINSTR_BITOR_V : VINSTR_BITAND_V),
                              exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                      } else {
                          out = fold::binary(ctx,
                              (op->id == opid1('^') ? VINSTR_BITXOR_VF : op->id == opid1('|') ? VINSTR_BITOR_VF : VINSTR_BITAND_VF),
                              exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                      }
                  }
              }
              break;
  
          case opid2('<','<'):
          case opid2('>','>'):
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform shift between types %s and %s",
                      type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                      type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  ast_expression *shift = parser->m_intrin.func((op->id == opid2('<','<')) ? "__builtin_lshift" : "__builtin_rshift");
                  ast_call *call  = ast_call::make(parser_ctx(parser), shift);
                  call->m_params.push_back(exprs[0]);
                  call->m_params.push_back(exprs[1]);
                  out = call;
              }
              break;
  
          case opid3('<','<','='):
          case opid3('>','>','='):
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform shift operation between types %s and %s",
                      type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                      type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
  
              if(!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  ast_expression *shift = parser->m_intrin.func((op->id == opid3('<','<','=')) ? "__builtin_lshift" : "__builtin_rshift");
                  ast_call *call  = ast_call::make(parser_ctx(parser), shift);
                  call->m_params.push_back(exprs[0]);
                  call->m_params.push_back(exprs[1]);
                  out = new ast_store(
                      parser_ctx(parser),
                      INSTR_STORE_F,
                      exprs[0],
                      call
                  );
              }
  
              break;
  
          case opid2('|','|'):
              generated_op += 1; /* INSTR_OR */
              [[fallthrough]];
          case opid2('&','&'):
              generated_op += INSTR_AND;
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  if (OPTS_FLAG(PERL_LOGIC) && !exprs[0]->compareType(*exprs[1])) {
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types for logical operation with -fperl-logic: %s and %s", ty1, ty2);
                      return false;
                  }
                  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
                      if (OPTS_FLAG(CORRECT_LOGIC) && exprs[i]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_V, exprs[i]);
                          if (!out) break;
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_F, out);
                          if (!out) break;
                          exprs[i] = out; out = nullptr;
                          if (OPTS_FLAG(PERL_LOGIC)) {
                              /* here we want to keep the right expressions' type */
                              break;
                          }
                      }
                      else if (OPTS_FLAG(FALSE_EMPTY_STRINGS) && exprs[i]->m_vtype == TYPE_STRING) {
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_S, exprs[i]);
                          if (!out) break;
                          out = ast_unary::make(ctx, INSTR_NOT_F, out);
                          if (!out) break;
                          exprs[i] = out; out = nullptr;
                          if (OPTS_FLAG(PERL_LOGIC)) {
                              /* here we want to keep the right expressions' type */
                              break;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  out = fold::binary(ctx, generated_op, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              }
              break;
  
          case opid2('?',':'):
              if (sy->paren.back() != PAREN_TERNARY2) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "mismatched parenthesis/ternary");
                  return false;
              }
              sy->paren.pop_back();
              if (!exprs[1]->compareType(*exprs[2])) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[2], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "operands of ternary expression must have the same type, got %s and %s", ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs)))
                  out = new ast_ternary(ctx, exprs[0], exprs[1], exprs[2]);
              break;
  
          case opid2('*', '*'):
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in exponentiation: %s and %s",
                      ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  ast_call *gencall = ast_call::make(parser_ctx(parser), parser->m_intrin.func("pow"));
                  gencall->m_params.push_back(exprs[0]);
                  gencall->m_params.push_back(exprs[1]);
                  out = gencall;
              }
              break;
  
          case opid2('>', '<'):
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_VECTOR)) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in cross product: %s and %s",
                      ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  out = fold::binary(
                      parser_ctx(parser),
                      VINSTR_CROSS,
                      exprs[0],
                      exprs[1]
                  );
              }
  
              break;
  
          case opid3('<','=','>'): /* -1, 0, or 1 */
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in comparision: %s and %s",
                      ty1, ty2);
  
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  /* This whole block is NOT fold_binary safe */
                  ast_binary *eq = new ast_binary(ctx, INSTR_EQ_F, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
  
                  eq->m_refs = AST_REF_NONE;
  
                      /* if (lt) { */
                  out = new ast_ternary(ctx,
                          new ast_binary(ctx, INSTR_LT, exprs[0], exprs[1]),
                          /* out = -1 */
                          parser->m_fold.imm_float(2),
                      /* } else { */
                          /* if (eq) { */
                          new ast_ternary(ctx, eq,
                              /* out = 0 */
                              parser->m_fold.imm_float(0),
                          /* } else { */
                              /* out = 1 */
                              parser->m_fold.imm_float(1)
                          /* } */
                          )
                      /* } */
                      );
  
              }
              break;
  
          case opid1('>'):
              generated_op += 1; /* INSTR_GT */
              [[fallthrough]];
          case opid1('<'):
              generated_op += 1; /* INSTR_LT */
              [[fallthrough]];
          case opid2('>', '='):
              generated_op += 1; /* INSTR_GE */
              [[fallthrough]];
          case opid2('<', '='):
              generated_op += INSTR_LE;
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform comparison between types %s and %s",
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs)))
                  out = fold::binary(ctx, generated_op, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              break;
          case opid2('!', '='):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform comparison between types %s and %s",
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs)))
                  out = fold::binary(ctx, type_ne_instr[exprs[0]->m_vtype], exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              break;
          case opid2('=', '='):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype) {
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform comparison between types %s and %s",
                                type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs)))
                  out = fold::binary(ctx, type_eq_instr[exprs[0]->m_vtype], exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              break;
  
          case opid1('='):
              if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield)) {
                  ast_expression *field = ((ast_entfield*)exprs[0])->m_field;
                  assignop = store_op_for(exprs[0]);
                  if (assignop == VINSTR_END || !field->m_next->compareType(*exprs[1]))
                  {
                      ast_type_to_string(field->m_next, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                      if (OPTS_FLAG(ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES) &&
                          field->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
                          exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                      {
                          (void)!compile_warning(ctx, WARN_ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES,
                                                 "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
                      }
                      else
                          compile_error(ctx, "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
                  }
              }
              else
              {
                  assignop = store_op_for(exprs[0]);
  
                  if (assignop == VINSTR_END) {
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
                  }
                  else if (!exprs[0]->compareType(*exprs[1]))
                  {
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                      ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                      if (OPTS_FLAG(ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES) &&
                          exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
                          exprs[1]->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                      {
                          (void)!compile_warning(ctx, WARN_ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES,
                                                 "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
                      }
                      else
                          compile_error(ctx, "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
                  }
              }
              (void)check_write_to(ctx, exprs[0]);
              /* When we're a vector of part of an entity field we use STOREP */
              if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_member) && ast_istype(((ast_member*)exprs[0])->m_owner, ast_entfield))
                  assignop = INSTR_STOREP_F;
              out = new ast_store(ctx, assignop, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              break;
          case opid3('+','+','P'):
          case opid3('-','-','P'):
              /* prefix ++ */
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  compile_error(exprs[0]->m_context, "invalid type for prefix increment: %s", ty1);
                  return false;
              }
              if (op->id == opid3('+','+','P'))
                  addop = INSTR_ADD_F;
              else
                  addop = INSTR_SUB_F;
              (void)check_write_to(exprs[0]->m_context, exprs[0]);
              if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield)) {
                  out = new ast_binstore(ctx, INSTR_STOREP_F, addop,
                                         exprs[0],
                                         parser->m_fold.imm_float(1));
              } else {
                  out = new ast_binstore(ctx, INSTR_STORE_F, addop,
                                         exprs[0],
                                         parser->m_fold.imm_float(1));
              }
              break;
          case opid3('S','+','+'):
          case opid3('S','-','-'):
              /* prefix ++ */
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  compile_error(exprs[0]->m_context, "invalid type for suffix increment: %s", ty1);
                  return false;
              }
              if (op->id == opid3('S','+','+')) {
                  addop = INSTR_ADD_F;
                  subop = INSTR_SUB_F;
              } else {
                  addop = INSTR_SUB_F;
                  subop = INSTR_ADD_F;
              }
              (void)check_write_to(exprs[0]->m_context, exprs[0]);
              if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield)) {
                  out = new ast_binstore(ctx, INSTR_STOREP_F, addop,
                                         exprs[0],
                                         parser->m_fold.imm_float(1));
              } else {
                  out = new ast_binstore(ctx, INSTR_STORE_F, addop,
                                         exprs[0],
                                         parser->m_fold.imm_float(1));
              }
              if (!out)
                  return false;
              out = fold::binary(ctx, subop,
                                out,
                                parser->m_fold.imm_float(1));
  
              break;
          case opid2('+','='):
          case opid2('-','='):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != exprs[1]->m_vtype ||
                  (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
              {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add or subtract type %s and %s",
                                ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
              (void)check_write_to(ctx, exprs[0]);
              assignop = store_op_for(exprs[0]);
              switch (exprs[0]->m_vtype) {
                  case TYPE_FLOAT:
                      out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop,
                                             (op->id == opid2('+','=') ? INSTR_ADD_F : INSTR_SUB_F),
                                             exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                      break;
                  case TYPE_VECTOR:
                      out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop,
                                             (op->id == opid2('+','=') ? INSTR_ADD_V : INSTR_SUB_V),
                                             exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                      break;
                  default:
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add or subtract type %s and %s",
                                    type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                    type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                      return false;
              };
              break;
          case opid2('*','='):
          case opid2('/','='):
              if (exprs[1]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT ||
                  !(exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT ||
                    exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR))
              {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: %s and %s",
                                ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
              (void)check_write_to(ctx, exprs[0]);
              assignop = store_op_for(exprs[0]);
              switch (exprs[0]->m_vtype) {
                  case TYPE_FLOAT:
                      out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop,
                                             (op->id == opid2('*','=') ? INSTR_MUL_F : INSTR_DIV_F),
                                             exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                      break;
                  case TYPE_VECTOR:
                      if (op->id == opid2('*','=')) {
                          out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop, INSTR_MUL_VF,
                                                 exprs[0], exprs[1]);
                      } else {
                          out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_DIV_F,
                                           parser->m_fold.imm_float(1),
                                           exprs[1]);
                          if (!out) {
                              compile_error(ctx, "internal error: failed to generate division");
                              return false;
                          }
                          out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop, INSTR_MUL_VF,
                                                 exprs[0], out);
                      }
                      break;
                  default:
                      compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add or subtract type %s and %s",
                                    type_name[exprs[0]->m_vtype],
                                    type_name[exprs[1]->m_vtype]);
                      return false;
              };
              break;
          case opid2('&','='):
          case opid2('|','='):
          case opid2('^','='):
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT) && NotSameType(TYPE_VECTOR)) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: %s and %s",
                                ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
              (void)check_write_to(ctx, exprs[0]);
              assignop = store_op_for(exprs[0]);
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                  out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop,
                                         (op->id == opid2('^','=') ? VINSTR_BITXOR : op->id == opid2('&','=') ? INSTR_BITAND : INSTR_BITOR),
                                         exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              else
                  out = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop,
                                         (op->id == opid2('^','=') ? VINSTR_BITXOR_V : op->id == opid2('&','=') ? VINSTR_BITAND_V : VINSTR_BITOR_V),
                                         exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              break;
          case opid3('&','~','='):
              /* This is like: a &= ~(b);
               * But QC has no bitwise-not, so we implement it as
               * a -= a & (b);
               */
              if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT) && NotSameType(TYPE_VECTOR)) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                  compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: %s and %s",
                                ty1, ty2);
                  return false;
              }
              assignop = store_op_for(exprs[0]);
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                  out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_BITAND, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              else
                  out = fold::binary(ctx, VINSTR_BITAND_V, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
              if (!out)
                  return false;
              (void)check_write_to(ctx, exprs[0]);
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                  asbinstore = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop, INSTR_SUB_F, exprs[0], out);
              else
                  asbinstore = new ast_binstore(ctx, assignop, INSTR_SUB_V, exprs[0], out);
              asbinstore->m_keep_dest = true;
              out = asbinstore;
              break;
  
          case opid3('l', 'e', 'n'):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_STRING && exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_ARRAY) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  compile_error(exprs[0]->m_context, "invalid type for length operator: %s", ty1);
                  return false;
              }
              /* strings must be const, arrays are statically sized */
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_STRING &&
                  !(((ast_value*)exprs[0])->m_hasvalue && ((ast_value*)exprs[0])->m_cvq == CV_CONST))
              {
                  compile_error(exprs[0]->m_context, "operand of length operator not a valid constant expression");
                  return false;
              }
              out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs);
              break;
  
          case opid2('~', 'P'):
              if (exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_FLOAT && exprs[0]->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR) {
                  ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                  compile_error(exprs[0]->m_context, "invalid type for bit not: %s", ty1);
                  return false;
              }
              if (!(out = parser->m_fold.op(op, exprs))) {
                  if (exprs[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) {
                      out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_SUB_F, parser->m_fold.imm_float(2), exprs[0]);
                  } else {
                      out = fold::binary(ctx, INSTR_SUB_V, parser->m_fold.imm_vector(1), exprs[0]);
                  }
              }
              break;
      }
  #undef NotSameType
      if (!out) {
          compile_error(ctx, "failed to apply operator %s", op->op);
          return false;
      }
  
      sy->out.push_back(syexp(ctx, out));
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parser_close_call(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
  {
      if (!parser->function)
      {
          parseerror(parser, "cannot call functions from global scope");
          return false;
      }
  
      /* was a function call */
      ast_expression *fun;
      ast_value      *funval = nullptr;
      ast_call       *call;
  
      size_t          fid;
      size_t          paramcount, i;
      bool            fold = true;
  
      fid = sy->ops.back().off;
      sy->ops.pop_back();
  
      /* out[fid] is the function
       * everything above is parameters...
       */
      if (sy->argc.empty()) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: no argument counter available");
          return false;
      }
  
      paramcount = sy->argc.back();
      sy->argc.pop_back();
  
      if (sy->out.size() < fid) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: broken function call %zu < %zu+%zu\n",
                     sy->out.size(),
                     fid,
                     paramcount);
          return false;
      }
  
      /*
       * TODO handle this at the intrinsic level with an ast_intrinsic
       * node and codegen.
       */
      if ((fun = sy->out[fid].out) == parser->m_intrin.debug_typestring()) {
          char ty[1024];
          if (fid+2 != sy->out.size() || sy->out.back().block) {
              parseerror(parser, "intrinsic __builtin_debug_typestring requires exactly 1 parameter");
              return false;
          }
          ast_type_to_string(sy->out.back().out, ty, sizeof(ty));
          ast_unref(sy->out.back().out);
          sy->out[fid] = syexp(sy->out.back().out->m_context,
                               parser->m_fold.constgen_string(ty, false));
          sy->out.pop_back();
          return true;
      }
  
      /*
       * Now we need to determine if the function that is being called is
       * an intrinsic so we can evaluate if the arguments to it are constant
       * and than fruitfully fold them.
       */
  #define fold_can_1(X)  \
      (ast_istype(((X)), ast_value) && (X)->m_hasvalue && ((X)->m_cvq == CV_CONST) && \
                  ((X))->m_vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION)
  
      if (fid + 1 < sy->out.size())
          ++paramcount;
  
      for (i = 0; i < paramcount; ++i) {
          if (!fold_can_1((ast_value*)sy->out[fid + 1 + i].out)) {
              fold = false;
              break;
          }
      }
  
      /*
       * All is well which ends well, if we make it into here we can ignore the
       * intrinsic call and just evaluate it i.e constant fold it.
       */
      if (fold && ast_istype(fun, ast_value) && ((ast_value*)fun)->m_intrinsic) {
          std::vector<ast_expression*> exprs;
          ast_expression *foldval = nullptr;
  
          exprs.reserve(paramcount);
          for (i = 0; i < paramcount; i++)
              exprs.push_back(sy->out[fid+1 + i].out);
  
          if (!(foldval = parser->m_intrin.do_fold((ast_value*)fun, exprs.data()))) {
              goto fold_leave;
          }
  
          /*
           * Blub: what sorts of unreffing and resizing of
           * sy->out should I be doing here?
           */
          sy->out[fid] = syexp(foldval->m_context, foldval);
          sy->out.erase(sy->out.end() - paramcount, sy->out.end());
  
          return true;
      }
  
      fold_leave:
      call = ast_call::make(sy->ops[sy->ops.size()].ctx, fun);
  
      if (!call)
          return false;
  
      if (fid+1 + paramcount != sy->out.size()) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: parameter count mismatch: (%zu+1+%zu), %zu",
                     fid,
                     paramcount,
                     sy->out.size());
          return false;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < paramcount; ++i)
          call->m_params.push_back(sy->out[fid+1 + i].out);
      sy->out.erase(sy->out.end() - paramcount, sy->out.end());
      (void)!call->checkTypes(parser->function->m_function_type->m_varparam);
      if (parser->max_param_count < paramcount)
          parser->max_param_count = paramcount;
  
      if (ast_istype(fun, ast_value)) {
          funval = (ast_value*)fun;
          if ((fun->m_flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) &&
              !(/*funval->m_cvq == CV_CONST && */ funval->m_hasvalue && funval->m_constval.vfunc->m_builtin))
          {
              call->m_va_count = parser->m_fold.constgen_float((qcfloat_t)paramcount, false);
          }
      }
  
      /* overwrite fid, the function, with a call */
      sy->out[fid] = syexp(call->m_context, call);
  
      if (fun->m_vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
          parseerror(parser, "not a function (%s)", type_name[fun->m_vtype]);
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!fun->m_next) {
          parseerror(parser, "could not determine function return type");
          return false;
      } else {
          ast_value *fval = (ast_istype(fun, ast_value) ? ((ast_value*)fun) : nullptr);
  
          if (fun->m_flags & AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED) {
              if (!fval) {
                  return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_DEPRECATED,
                          "call to function (which is marked deprecated)\n",
                          "-> it has been declared here: %s:%i",
                          fun->m_context.file, fun->m_context.line);
              }
              if (!fval->m_desc.length()) {
                  return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_DEPRECATED,
                          "call to `%s` (which is marked deprecated)\n"
                          "-> `%s` declared here: %s:%i",
                          fval->m_name, fval->m_name, fun->m_context.file, fun->m_context.line);
              }
              return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_DEPRECATED,
                      "call to `%s` (deprecated: %s)\n"
                      "-> `%s` declared here: %s:%i",
                      fval->m_name, fval->m_desc, fval->m_name, fun->m_context.file,
                      fun->m_context.line);
          }
  
          if (fun->m_type_params.size() != paramcount &&
              !((fun->m_flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) &&
                fun->m_type_params.size() < paramcount))
          {
              const char *fewmany = (fun->m_type_params.size() > paramcount) ? "few" : "many";
              if (fval)
                  return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_INVALID_PARAMETER_COUNT,
                                       "too %s parameters for call to %s: expected %i, got %i\n"
                                       " -> `%s` has been declared here: %s:%i",
                                       fewmany, fval->m_name, (int)fun->m_type_params.size(), (int)paramcount,
                                       fval->m_name, fun->m_context.file, (int)fun->m_context.line);
              else
                  return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_INVALID_PARAMETER_COUNT,
                                       "too %s parameters for function call: expected %i, got %i\n"
                                       " -> it has been declared here: %s:%i",
                                       fewmany, (int)fun->m_type_params.size(), (int)paramcount,
                                       fun->m_context.file, (int)fun->m_context.line);
          }
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parser_close_paren(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
  {
      if (sy->ops.empty()) {
          parseerror(parser, "unmatched closing paren");
          return false;
      }
  
      while (sy->ops.size()) {
          if (sy->ops.back().isparen) {
              if (sy->paren.back() == PAREN_FUNC) {
                  sy->paren.pop_back();
                  if (!parser_close_call(parser, sy))
                      return false;
                  break;
              }
              if (sy->paren.back() == PAREN_EXPR) {
                  sy->paren.pop_back();
                  if (sy->out.empty()) {
                      compile_error(sy->ops.back().ctx, "empty paren expression");
                      sy->ops.pop_back();
                      return false;
                  }
                  sy->ops.pop_back();
                  break;
              }
              if (sy->paren.back() == PAREN_INDEX) {
                  sy->paren.pop_back();
                  // pop off the parenthesis
                  sy->ops.pop_back();
                  /* then apply the index operator */
                  if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, sy))
                      return false;
                  break;
              }
              if (sy->paren.back() == PAREN_TERNARY1) {
                  sy->paren.back() = PAREN_TERNARY2;
                  // pop off the parenthesis
                  sy->ops.pop_back();
                  break;
              }
              compile_error(sy->ops.back().ctx, "invalid parenthesis");
              return false;
          }
          if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, sy))
              return false;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static void parser_reclassify_token(parser_t *parser)
  {
      size_t i;
      if (parser->tok >= TOKEN_START)
          return;
      for (i = 0; i < operator_count; ++i) {
          if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), operators[i].op)) {
              parser->tok = TOKEN_OPERATOR;
              return;
          }
      }
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parse_vararg_do(parser_t *parser)
  {
      ast_expression *idx, *out;
      ast_value      *typevar;
      ast_value      *funtype = parser->function->m_function_type;
      lex_ctx_t         ctx     = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      if (!parser->function->m_varargs) {
          parseerror(parser, "function has no variable argument list");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != '(') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected parameter index and type in parenthesis");
          return nullptr;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "error parsing parameter index");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      idx = parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
      if (!idx)
          return nullptr;
  
      if (parser->tok != ',') {
          if (parser->tok != ')') {
              ast_unref(idx);
              parseerror(parser, "expected comma after parameter index");
              return nullptr;
          }
          // vararg piping: ...(start)
          out = new ast_argpipe(ctx, idx);
          return out;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser) || (parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT && parser->tok != TOKEN_TYPENAME)) {
          ast_unref(idx);
          parseerror(parser, "expected typename for vararg");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      typevar = parse_typename(parser, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
      if (!typevar) {
          ast_unref(idx);
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          ast_unref(idx);
          delete typevar;
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      if (funtype->m_varparam &&
          !typevar->compareType(*funtype->m_varparam))
      {
          char ty1[1024];
          char ty2[1024];
          ast_type_to_string(typevar, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
          ast_type_to_string(funtype->m_varparam, ty2, sizeof(ty2));
          compile_error(typevar->m_context,
                        "function was declared to take varargs of type `%s`, requested type is: %s",
                        ty2, ty1);
      }
  
      out = ast_array_index::make(ctx, parser->function->m_varargs.get(), idx);
      out->adoptType(*typevar);
      delete typevar;
      return out;
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parse_vararg(parser_t *parser)
  {
      bool           old_noops = parser->lex->flags.noops;
  
      ast_expression *out;
  
      parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
      out = parse_vararg_do(parser);
  
      parser->lex->flags.noops = old_noops;
      return out;
  }
  
  /* not to be exposed */
  bool ftepp_predef_exists(const char *name);
  static bool parse_sya_operand(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy, bool with_labels)
  {
      if (OPTS_FLAG(TRANSLATABLE_STRINGS) &&
          parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT &&
          !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "_"))
      {
          /* a translatable string */
          ast_value *val;
  
          parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != '(') {
              parseerror(parser, "use _(\"string\") to create a translatable string constant");
              return false;
          }
          parser->lex->flags.noops = false;
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_STRINGCONST) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected a constant string in translatable-string extension");
              return false;
          }
          val = (ast_value*)parser->m_fold.constgen_string(parser_tokval(parser), true);
          if (!val)
              return false;
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), val));
  
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ')') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after translatable string");
              return false;
          }
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS)
      {
          ast_expression *va;
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(VARIADIC_ARGS)) {
              parseerror(parser, "cannot access varargs (try -fvariadic-args)");
              return false;
          }
          va = parse_vararg(parser);
          if (!va)
              return false;
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), va));
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_FLOATCONST) {
          ast_expression *val = parser->m_fold.constgen_float((parser_token(parser)->constval.f), false);
          if (!val)
              return false;
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), val));
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_INTCONST || parser->tok == TOKEN_CHARCONST) {
          ast_expression *val = parser->m_fold.constgen_float((qcfloat_t)(parser_token(parser)->constval.i), false);
          if (!val)
              return false;
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), val));
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_STRINGCONST) {
          ast_expression *val = parser->m_fold.constgen_string(parser_tokval(parser), false);
          if (!val)
              return false;
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), val));
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_VECTORCONST) {
          ast_expression *val = parser->m_fold.constgen_vector(parser_token(parser)->constval.v);
          if (!val)
              return false;
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), val));
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT)
      {
          const char     *ctoken = parser_tokval(parser);
          ast_expression *prev = sy->out.size() ? sy->out.back().out : nullptr;
          ast_expression *var;
          /* a_vector.{x,y,z} */
          if (sy->ops.empty() ||
              !sy->ops.back().etype ||
              operators[sy->ops.back().etype-1].id != opid1('.'))
          {
              /* When adding more intrinsics, fix the above condition */
              prev = nullptr;
          }
          if (prev && prev->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR && ctoken[0] >= 'x' && ctoken[0] <= 'z' && !ctoken[1])
          {
              var = parser->const_vec[ctoken[0]-'x'];
          } else {
              var = parser_find_var(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
              if (!var)
                  var = parser_find_field(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
          }
          if (!var && with_labels) {
              var = parser_find_label(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
              if (!with_labels) {
                  ast_label *lbl = new ast_label(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser), true);
                  var = lbl;
                  parser->labels.push_back(lbl);
              }
          }
          if (!var && !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "__FUNC__"))
              var = parser->m_fold.constgen_string(parser->function->m_name, false);
          if (!var) {
              /*
               * now we try for the real intrinsic hashtable. If the string
               * begins with __builtin, we simply skip past it, otherwise we
               * use the identifier as is.
               */
              if (!strncmp(parser_tokval(parser), "__builtin_", 10)) {
                  var = parser->m_intrin.func(parser_tokval(parser));
              }
  
              /*
               * Try it again, intrin_func deals with the alias method as well
               * the first one masks for __builtin though, we emit warning here.
               */
              if (!var) {
                  if ((var = parser->m_intrin.func(parser_tokval(parser)))) {
                      (void)!compile_warning(
                          parser_ctx(parser),
                          WARN_BUILTINS,
                          "using implicitly defined builtin `__builtin_%s' for `%s'",
                          parser_tokval(parser),
                          parser_tokval(parser)
                      );
                  }
              }
  
  
              if (!var) {
                  /*
                   * sometimes people use preprocessing predefs without enabling them
                   * i've done this thousands of times already myself.  Lets check for
                   * it in the predef table.  And diagnose it better :)
                   */
                  if (!OPTS_FLAG(FTEPP_PREDEFS) && ftepp_predef_exists(parser_tokval(parser))) {
                      parseerror(parser, "unexpected identifier: %s (use -fftepp-predef to enable pre-defined macros)", parser_tokval(parser));
                      return false;
                  }
  
                  parseerror(parser, "unexpected identifier: %s", parser_tokval(parser));
                  return false;
              }
          }
          else
          {
              // promote these to norefs
              if (ast_istype(var, ast_value))
              {
                  ((ast_value *)var)->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
              }
              else if (ast_istype(var, ast_member))
              {
                  ast_member *mem = (ast_member *)var;
                  if (ast_istype(mem->m_owner, ast_value))
                      ((ast_value *)mem->m_owner)->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
              }
          }
          sy->out.push_back(syexp(parser_ctx(parser), var));
          return true;
      }
      parseerror(parser, "unexpected token `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
      return false;
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parse_expression_leave(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma, bool truthvalue, bool with_labels)
  {
      ast_expression *expr = nullptr;
      shunt sy;
      bool wantop = false;
      /* only warn once about an assignment in a truth value because the current code
       * would trigger twice on: if(a = b && ...), once for the if-truth-value, once for the && part
       */
      bool warn_parenthesis = true;
  
      /* count the parens because an if starts with one, so the
       * end of a condition is an unmatched closing paren
       */
      int ternaries = 0;
  
      memset(&sy, 0, sizeof(sy));
  
      parser->lex->flags.noops = false;
  
      parser_reclassify_token(parser);
  
      while (true)
      {
          if (parser->tok == TOKEN_TYPENAME) {
              parseerror(parser, "unexpected typename `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
              goto onerr;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok == TOKEN_OPERATOR)
          {
              /* classify the operator */
              const oper_info *op;
              const oper_info *olast = nullptr;
              size_t o;
              for (o = 0; o < operator_count; ++o) {
                  if (((!(operators[o].flags & OP_PREFIX) == !!wantop)) &&
                      /* !(operators[o].flags & OP_SUFFIX) && / * remove this */
                      !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), operators[o].op))
                  {
                      break;
                  }
              }
              if (o == operator_count) {
                  compile_error(parser_ctx(parser), "unexpected operator: %s", parser_tokval(parser));
                  goto onerr;
              }
              /* found an operator */
              op = &operators[o];
  
              /* when declaring variables, a comma starts a new variable */
              if (op->id == opid1(',') && sy.paren.empty() && stopatcomma) {
                  /* fixup the token */
                  parser->tok = ',';
                  break;
              }
  
              /* a colon without a pervious question mark cannot be a ternary */
              if (!ternaries && op->id == opid2(':','?')) {
                  parser->tok = ':';
                  break;
              }
  
              if (op->id == opid1(',')) {
                  if (sy.paren.size() && sy.paren.back() == PAREN_TERNARY2) {
                      (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_TERNARY_PRECEDENCE, "suggesting parenthesis around ternary expression");
                  }
              }
  
              if (sy.ops.size() && !sy.ops.back().isparen)
                  olast = &operators[sy.ops.back().etype-1];
  
              /* first only apply higher precedences, assoc_left+equal comes after we warn about precedence rules */
              while (olast && op->prec < olast->prec)
              {
                  if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
                  if (sy.ops.size() && !sy.ops.back().isparen)
                      olast = &operators[sy.ops.back().etype-1];
                  else
                      olast = nullptr;
              }
  
  #define IsAssignOp(x) (\
                  (x) == opid1('=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('+','=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('-','=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('*','=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('/','=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('%','=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('&','=') || \
                  (x) == opid2('|','=') || \
                  (x) == opid3('&','~','=') \
                  )
              if (warn_parenthesis) {
                  if ( (olast && IsAssignOp(olast->id) && (op->id == opid2('&','&') || op->id == opid2('|','|'))) ||
                       (olast && IsAssignOp(op->id) && (olast->id == opid2('&','&') || olast->id == opid2('|','|'))) ||
                       (truthvalue && sy.paren.empty() && IsAssignOp(op->id))
                     )
                  {
                      (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_PARENTHESIS, "suggesting parenthesis around assignment used as truth value");
                      warn_parenthesis = false;
                  }
  
                  if (olast && olast->id != op->id) {
                      if ((op->id    == opid1('&') || op->id    == opid1('|') || op->id    == opid1('^')) &&
                          (olast->id == opid1('&') || olast->id == opid1('|') || olast->id == opid1('^')))
                      {
                          (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_PARENTHESIS, "suggesting parenthesis around bitwise operations");
                          warn_parenthesis = false;
                      }
                      else if ((op->id    == opid2('&','&') || op->id    == opid2('|','|')) &&
                               (olast->id == opid2('&','&') || olast->id == opid2('|','|')))
                      {
                          (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_PARENTHESIS, "suggesting parenthesis around logical operations");
                          warn_parenthesis = false;
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              while (olast && (
                      (op->prec < olast->prec) ||
                      (op->assoc == ASSOC_LEFT && op->prec <= olast->prec) ) )
              {
                  if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
                  if (sy.ops.size() && !sy.ops.back().isparen)
                      olast = &operators[sy.ops.back().etype-1];
                  else
                      olast = nullptr;
              }
  
              if (op->id == opid1('(')) {
                  if (wantop) {
                      size_t sycount = sy.out.size();
                      /* we expected an operator, this is the function-call operator */
                      sy.paren.push_back(PAREN_FUNC);
                      sy.ops.push_back(syparen(parser_ctx(parser), sycount-1));
                      sy.argc.push_back(0);
                  } else {
                      sy.paren.push_back(PAREN_EXPR);
                      sy.ops.push_back(syparen(parser_ctx(parser), 0));
                  }
                  wantop = false;
              } else if (op->id == opid1('[')) {
                  if (!wantop) {
                      parseerror(parser, "unexpected array subscript");
                      goto onerr;
                  }
                  sy.paren.push_back(PAREN_INDEX);
                  /* push both the operator and the paren, this makes life easier */
                  sy.ops.push_back(syop(parser_ctx(parser), op));
                  sy.ops.push_back(syparen(parser_ctx(parser), 0));
                  wantop = false;
              } else if (op->id == opid2('?',':')) {
                  sy.ops.push_back(syop(parser_ctx(parser), op));
                  sy.ops.push_back(syparen(parser_ctx(parser), 0));
                  wantop = false;
                  ++ternaries;
                  sy.paren.push_back(PAREN_TERNARY1);
              } else if (op->id == opid2(':','?')) {
                  if (sy.paren.empty()) {
                      parseerror(parser, "unexpected colon outside ternary expression (missing parenthesis?)");
                      goto onerr;
                  }
                  if (sy.paren.back() != PAREN_TERNARY1) {
                      parseerror(parser, "unexpected colon outside ternary expression (missing parenthesis?)");
                      goto onerr;
                  }
                  if (!parser_close_paren(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
                  sy.ops.push_back(syop(parser_ctx(parser), op));
                  wantop = false;
                  --ternaries;
              } else {
                  sy.ops.push_back(syop(parser_ctx(parser), op));
                  wantop = !!(op->flags & OP_SUFFIX);
              }
          }
          else if (parser->tok == ')') {
              while (sy.paren.size() && sy.paren.back() == PAREN_TERNARY2) {
                  if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
              }
              if (sy.paren.empty())
                  break;
              if (wantop) {
                  if (sy.paren.back() == PAREN_TERNARY1) {
                      parseerror(parser, "mismatched parentheses (closing paren in ternary expression?)");
                      goto onerr;
                  }
                  if (!parser_close_paren(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
              } else {
                  /* must be a function call without parameters */
                  if (sy.paren.back() != PAREN_FUNC) {
                      parseerror(parser, "closing paren in invalid position");
                      goto onerr;
                  }
                  if (!parser_close_paren(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
              }
              wantop = true;
          }
          else if (parser->tok == '(') {
              parseerror(parser, "internal error: '(' should be classified as operator");
              goto onerr;
          }
          else if (parser->tok == '[') {
              parseerror(parser, "internal error: '[' should be classified as operator");
              goto onerr;
          }
          else if (parser->tok == ']') {
              while (sy.paren.size() && sy.paren.back() == PAREN_TERNARY2) {
                  if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, &sy))
                      goto onerr;
              }
              if (sy.paren.empty())
                  break;
              if (sy.paren.back() != PAREN_INDEX) {
                  parseerror(parser, "mismatched parentheses, unexpected ']'");
                  goto onerr;
              }
              if (!parser_close_paren(parser, &sy))
                  goto onerr;
              wantop = true;
          }
          else if (!wantop) {
              if (!parse_sya_operand(parser, &sy, with_labels))
                  goto onerr;
              wantop = true;
          }
          else {
              /* in this case we might want to allow constant string concatenation */
              bool concatenated = false;
              if (parser->tok == TOKEN_STRINGCONST && sy.out.size()) {
                  ast_expression *lexpr = sy.out.back().out;
                  if (ast_istype(lexpr, ast_value)) {
                      ast_value *last = (ast_value*)lexpr;
                      if (last->m_isimm == true && last->m_cvq == CV_CONST &&
                          last->m_hasvalue && last->m_vtype == TYPE_STRING)
                      {
                          char *newstr = nullptr;
                          util_asprintf(&newstr, "%s%s", last->m_constval.vstring, parser_tokval(parser));
                          sy.out.back().out = parser->m_fold.constgen_string(newstr, false);
                          mem_d(newstr);
                          concatenated = true;
                      }
                  }
              }
              if (!concatenated) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected operator or end of statement");
                  goto onerr;
              }
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              goto onerr;
          }
          if (parser->tok == ';' ||
              ((sy.paren.empty() || (sy.paren.size() == 1 && sy.paren.back() == PAREN_TERNARY2)) &&
              (parser->tok == ']' || parser->tok == ')' || parser->tok == '}')))
          {
              break;
          }
      }
  
      while (sy.ops.size()) {
          if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, &sy))
              goto onerr;
      }
  
      parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
      if (sy.out.size() != 1) {
          parseerror(parser, "expression expected");
          expr = nullptr;
      } else
          expr = sy.out[0].out;
      if (sy.paren.size()) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: sy.paren.size() = %zu", sy.paren.size());
          return nullptr;
      }
      return expr;
  
  onerr:
      parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
      for (auto &it : sy.out)
          if (it.out) ast_unref(it.out);
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static ast_expression* parse_expression(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma, bool with_labels)
  {
      ast_expression *e = parse_expression_leave(parser, stopatcomma, false, with_labels);
      if (!e)
          return nullptr;
      if (parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "semicolon expected after expression");
          ast_unref(e);
          return nullptr;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          ast_unref(e);
          return nullptr;
      }
      return e;
  }
  
  static void parser_enterblock(parser_t *parser)
  {
      parser->variables.push_back(util_htnew(PARSER_HT_SIZE));
      parser->_blocklocals.push_back(parser->_locals.size());
      parser->typedefs.push_back(util_htnew(TYPEDEF_HT_SIZE));
      parser->_blocktypedefs.push_back(parser->_typedefs.size());
      parser->_block_ctx.push_back(parser_ctx(parser));
  }
  
  static bool parser_leaveblock(parser_t *parser)
  {
      bool   rv = true;
      size_t locals, typedefs;
  
      if (parser->variables.size() <= PARSER_HT_LOCALS) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: parser_leaveblock with no block");
          return false;
      }
  
      util_htdel(parser->variables.back());
  
      parser->variables.pop_back();
      if (!parser->_blocklocals.size()) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: parser_leaveblock with no block (2)");
          return false;
      }
  
      locals = parser->_blocklocals.back();
      parser->_blocklocals.pop_back();
      parser->_locals.resize(locals);
  
      typedefs = parser->_blocktypedefs.back();
      parser->_typedefs.resize(typedefs);
      util_htdel(parser->typedefs.back());
      parser->typedefs.pop_back();
  
      parser->_block_ctx.pop_back();
  
      return rv;
  }
  
  static void parser_addlocal(parser_t *parser, const char *name, ast_expression *e)
  {
      parser->_locals.push_back(e);
      util_htset(parser->variables.back(), name, (void*)e);
  }
  static void parser_addlocal(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name, ast_expression *e) {
      return parser_addlocal(parser, name.c_str(), e);
  }
  
  static void parser_addglobal(parser_t *parser, const char *name, ast_expression *e)
  {
      parser->globals.push_back(e);
      util_htset(parser->htglobals, name, e);
  }
  static void parser_addglobal(parser_t *parser, const std::string &name, ast_expression *e) {
      return parser_addglobal(parser, name.c_str(), e);
  }
  
  static ast_expression* process_condition(parser_t *parser, ast_expression *cond, bool *_ifnot)
  {
      bool       ifnot = false;
      ast_unary *unary;
      ast_expression *prev;
  
      if (cond->m_vtype == TYPE_VOID || cond->m_vtype >= TYPE_VARIANT) {
          char ty[1024];
          ast_type_to_string(cond, ty, sizeof(ty));
          compile_error(cond->m_context, "invalid type for if() condition: %s", ty);
      }
  
      if (OPTS_FLAG(FALSE_EMPTY_STRINGS) && cond->m_vtype == TYPE_STRING)
      {
          prev = cond;
          cond = ast_unary::make(cond->m_context, INSTR_NOT_S, cond);
          if (!cond) {
              ast_unref(prev);
              parseerror(parser, "internal error: failed to process condition");
              return nullptr;
          }
          ifnot = !ifnot;
      }
      else if (OPTS_FLAG(CORRECT_LOGIC) && cond->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
      {
          /* vector types need to be cast to true booleans */
          ast_binary *bin = (ast_binary*)cond;
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(PERL_LOGIC) || !ast_istype(cond, ast_binary) || !(bin->m_op == INSTR_AND || bin->m_op == INSTR_OR))
          {
              /* in perl-logic, AND and OR take care of the -fcorrect-logic */
              prev = cond;
              cond = ast_unary::make(cond->m_context, INSTR_NOT_V, cond);
              if (!cond) {
                  ast_unref(prev);
                  parseerror(parser, "internal error: failed to process condition");
                  return nullptr;
              }
              ifnot = !ifnot;
          }
      }
  
      unary = (ast_unary*)cond;
      /* ast_istype dereferences cond, should test here for safety */
      while (cond && ast_istype(cond, ast_unary) && unary->m_op == INSTR_NOT_F)
      {
          cond = unary->m_operand;
          unary->m_operand = nullptr;
          delete unary;
          ifnot = !ifnot;
          unary = (ast_unary*)cond;
      }
  
      if (!cond)
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: failed to process condition");
  
      if (ifnot) *_ifnot = !*_ifnot;
      return cond;
  }
  
  static bool parse_if(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_ifthen *ifthen;
      ast_expression *cond, *ontrue = nullptr, *onfalse = nullptr;
      bool ifnot = false;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      (void)block; /* not touching */
  
      /* skip the 'if', parse an optional 'not' and check for an opening paren */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected condition or 'not'");
          return false;
      }
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT && !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "not")) {
          ifnot = true;
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected condition in parenthesis");
              return false;
          }
      }
      if (parser->tok != '(') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'if' condition in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
      /* parse into the expression */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'if' condition after opening paren");
          return false;
      }
      /* parse the condition */
      cond = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, true, false);
      if (!cond)
          return false;
      /* closing paren */
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'if' condition");
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
      /* parse into the 'then' branch */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected statement for on-true branch of 'if'");
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
      if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &ontrue)) {
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
      if (!ontrue)
          ontrue = new ast_block(parser_ctx(parser));
      /* check for an else */
      if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "else")) {
          /* parse into the 'else' branch */
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected on-false branch after 'else'");
              delete ontrue;
              ast_unref(cond);
              return false;
          }
          if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &onfalse)) {
              delete ontrue;
              ast_unref(cond);
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      cond = process_condition(parser, cond, &ifnot);
      if (!cond) {
          if (ontrue)  delete ontrue;
          if (onfalse) delete onfalse;
          return false;
      }
  
      if (ifnot)
          ifthen = new ast_ifthen(ctx, cond, onfalse, ontrue);
      else
          ifthen = new ast_ifthen(ctx, cond, ontrue, onfalse);
      *out = ifthen;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_while_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out);
  static bool parse_while(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      bool rv;
      char *label = nullptr;
  
      /* skip the 'while' and get the body */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          if (OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label or 'while' condition in parenthesis");
          else
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' condition in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == ':') {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "labeled loops not activated, try using -floop-labels");
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label");
              return false;
          }
          label = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              mem_d(label);
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' condition in parenthesis");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != '(') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' condition in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      parser->breaks.push_back(label);
      parser->continues.push_back(label);
  
      rv = parse_while_go(parser, block, out);
      if (label)
          mem_d(label);
      if (parser->breaks.back() != label || parser->continues.back() != label) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: label stack corrupted");
          rv = false;
          delete *out;
          *out = nullptr;
      }
      else {
          parser->breaks.pop_back();
          parser->continues.pop_back();
      }
      return rv;
  }
  
  static bool parse_while_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_loop *aloop;
      ast_expression *cond, *ontrue;
  
      bool ifnot = false;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      (void)block; /* not touching */
  
      /* parse into the expression */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' condition after opening paren");
          return false;
      }
      /* parse the condition */
      cond = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, true, false);
      if (!cond)
          return false;
      /* closing paren */
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'while' condition");
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
      /* parse into the 'then' branch */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected while-loop body");
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
      if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &ontrue)) {
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
  
      cond = process_condition(parser, cond, &ifnot);
      if (!cond) {
          ast_unref(ontrue);
          return false;
      }
      aloop = new ast_loop(ctx, nullptr, cond, ifnot, nullptr, false, nullptr, ontrue);
      *out = aloop;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_dowhile_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out);
  static bool parse_dowhile(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      bool rv;
      char *label = nullptr;
  
      /* skip the 'do' and get the body */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          if (OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label or body");
          else
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop body");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == ':') {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "labeled loops not activated, try using -floop-labels");
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label");
              return false;
          }
          label = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              mem_d(label);
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop body");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      parser->breaks.push_back(label);
      parser->continues.push_back(label);
  
      rv = parse_dowhile_go(parser, block, out);
      if (label)
          mem_d(label);
      if (parser->breaks.back() != label || parser->continues.back() != label) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: label stack corrupted");
          rv = false;
          delete *out;
          *out = nullptr;
      }
      else {
          parser->breaks.pop_back();
          parser->continues.pop_back();
      }
      return rv;
  }
  
  static bool parse_dowhile_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_loop *aloop;
      ast_expression *cond, *ontrue;
  
      bool ifnot = false;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      (void)block; /* not touching */
  
      if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &ontrue))
          return false;
  
      /* expect the "while" */
      if (parser->tok != TOKEN_KEYWORD ||
          strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "while"))
      {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' and condition");
          delete ontrue;
          return false;
      }
  
      /* skip the 'while' and check for opening paren */
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != '(') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' condition in parenthesis");
          delete ontrue;
          return false;
      }
      /* parse into the expression */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'while' condition after opening paren");
          delete ontrue;
          return false;
      }
      /* parse the condition */
      cond = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, true, false);
      if (!cond)
          return false;
      /* closing paren */
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'while' condition");
          delete ontrue;
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
      /* parse on */
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after condition");
          delete ontrue;
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error");
          delete ontrue;
          ast_unref(cond);
          return false;
      }
  
      cond = process_condition(parser, cond, &ifnot);
      if (!cond) {
          delete ontrue;
          return false;
      }
      aloop = new ast_loop(ctx, nullptr, nullptr, false, cond, ifnot, nullptr, ontrue);
      *out = aloop;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_for_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out);
  static bool parse_for(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      bool rv;
      char *label = nullptr;
  
      /* skip the 'for' and check for opening paren */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          if (OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label or 'for' expressions in parenthesis");
          else
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'for' expressions in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == ':') {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "labeled loops not activated, try using -floop-labels");
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label");
              return false;
          }
          label = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              mem_d(label);
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'for' expressions in parenthesis");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != '(') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'for' expressions in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      parser->breaks.push_back(label);
      parser->continues.push_back(label);
  
      rv = parse_for_go(parser, block, out);
      if (label)
          mem_d(label);
      if (parser->breaks.back() != label || parser->continues.back() != label) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: label stack corrupted");
          rv = false;
          delete *out;
          *out = nullptr;
      }
      else {
          parser->breaks.pop_back();
          parser->continues.pop_back();
      }
      return rv;
  }
  static bool parse_for_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_loop       *aloop;
      ast_expression *initexpr, *cond, *increment, *ontrue;
      ast_value      *typevar;
  
      bool ifnot  = false;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      parser_enterblock(parser);
  
      initexpr  = nullptr;
      cond      = nullptr;
      increment = nullptr;
      ontrue    = nullptr;
  
      /* parse into the expression */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'for' initializer after opening paren");
          goto onerr;
      }
  
      typevar = nullptr;
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT)
          typevar = parser_find_typedef(parser, parser_tokval(parser), 0);
  
      if (typevar || parser->tok == TOKEN_TYPENAME) {
          if (!parse_variable(parser, block, true, CV_VAR, typevar, false, false, 0, nullptr))
              goto onerr;
      }
      else if (parser->tok != ';')
      {
          initexpr = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, false, false);
          if (!initexpr)
              goto onerr;
          /* move on to condition */
          if (parser->tok != ';') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after for-loop initializer");
              goto onerr;
          }
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected for-loop condition");
              goto onerr;
          }
      } else if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected for-loop condition");
          goto onerr;
      }
  
      /* parse the condition */
      if (parser->tok != ';') {
          cond = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, true, false);
          if (!cond)
              goto onerr;
      }
      /* move on to incrementor */
      if (parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after for-loop initializer");
          goto onerr;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected for-loop condition");
          goto onerr;
      }
  
      /* parse the incrementor */
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          lex_ctx_t condctx = parser_ctx(parser);
          increment = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, false, false);
          if (!increment)
              goto onerr;
          if (!increment->m_side_effects) {
              if (compile_warning(condctx, WARN_EFFECTLESS_STATEMENT, "statement has no effect"))
                  goto onerr;
          }
      }
  
      /* closing paren */
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'for-loop' incrementor");
          goto onerr;
      }
      /* parse into the 'then' branch */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected for-loop body");
          goto onerr;
      }
      if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &ontrue))
          goto onerr;
  
      if (cond) {
          cond = process_condition(parser, cond, &ifnot);
          if (!cond)
              goto onerr;
      }
      aloop = new ast_loop(ctx, initexpr, cond, ifnot, nullptr, false, increment, ontrue);
      *out = aloop;
  
      if (!parser_leaveblock(parser)) {
          delete aloop;
          return false;
      }
      return true;
  onerr:
      if (initexpr)  ast_unref(initexpr);
      if (cond)      ast_unref(cond);
      if (increment) ast_unref(increment);
      (void)!parser_leaveblock(parser);
      return false;
  }
  
  static bool parse_return(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_expression *exp      = nullptr;
      ast_expression *var      = nullptr;
      ast_return     *ret      = nullptr;
      ast_value      *retval   = parser->function->m_return_value;
      ast_value      *expected = parser->function->m_function_type;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      (void)block; /* not touching */
  
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected return expression");
          return false;
      }
  
      /* return assignments */
      if (parser->tok == '=') {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(RETURN_ASSIGNMENTS)) {
              parseerror(parser, "return assignments not activated, try using -freturn-assigments");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (type_store_instr[expected->m_next->m_vtype] == VINSTR_END) {
              char ty1[1024];
              ast_type_to_string(expected->m_next, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
              parseerror(parser, "invalid return type: `%s'", ty1);
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected return assignment expression");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!(exp = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, false, false)))
              return false;
  
          /* prepare the return value */
          if (!retval) {
              retval = new ast_value(ctx, "#LOCAL_RETURN", TYPE_VOID);
              retval->adoptType(*expected->m_next);
              parser->function->m_return_value = retval;
              parser->function->m_return_value->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
          }
  
          if (!exp->compareType(*retval)) {
              char ty1[1024], ty2[1024];
              ast_type_to_string(exp, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
              ast_type_to_string(retval, ty2, sizeof(ty2));
              parseerror(parser, "invalid type for return value: `%s', expected `%s'", ty1, ty2);
          }
  
          /* store to 'return' local variable */
          var = new ast_store(
              ctx,
              type_store_instr[expected->m_next->m_vtype],
              retval, exp);
  
          if (!var) {
              ast_unref(exp);
              return false;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok != ';')
              parseerror(parser, "missing semicolon after return assignment");
          else if (!parser_next(parser))
              parseerror(parser, "parse error after return assignment");
  
          *out = var;
          return true;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != ';') {
          exp = parse_expression(parser, false, false);
          if (!exp)
              return false;
  
          if (exp->m_vtype != TYPE_NIL &&
              exp->m_vtype != (expected)->m_next->m_vtype)
          {
              parseerror(parser, "return with invalid expression");
          }
  
          ret = new ast_return(ctx, exp);
          if (!ret) {
              ast_unref(exp);
              return false;
          }
      } else {
          if (!parser_next(parser))
              parseerror(parser, "parse error");
  
          if (!retval && expected->m_next->m_vtype != TYPE_VOID)
          {
              (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_MISSING_RETURN_VALUES, "return without value");
          }
          ret = new ast_return(ctx, retval);
      }
      *out = ret;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_break_continue(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out, bool is_continue)
  {
      size_t i;
      unsigned int levels = 0;
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
      auto &loops = (is_continue ? parser->continues : parser->breaks);
  
      (void)block; /* not touching */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon or loop label");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (loops.empty()) {
          if (is_continue)
              parseerror(parser, "`continue` can only be used inside loops");
          else
              parseerror(parser, "`break` can only be used inside loops or switches");
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT) {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "labeled loops not activated, try using -floop-labels");
          i = loops.size();
          while (i--) {
              if (loops[i] && !strcmp(loops[i], parser_tokval(parser)))
                  break;
              if (!i) {
                  parseerror(parser, "no such loop to %s: `%s`",
                             (is_continue ? "continue" : "break out of"),
                             parser_tokval(parser));
                  return false;
              }
              ++levels;
          }
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser))
          parseerror(parser, "parse error");
  
      *out = new ast_breakcont(ctx, is_continue, levels);
      return true;
  }
  
  /* returns true when it was a variable qualifier, false otherwise!
   * on error, cvq is set to CV_WRONG
   */
  struct attribute_t {
      const char *name;
      size_t      flag;
  };
  
  static bool parse_qualifiers(parser_t *parser, bool with_local, int *cvq, bool *noref, bool *is_static, uint32_t *_flags, char **message)
  {
      bool had_const    = false;
      bool had_var      = false;
      bool had_noref    = false;
      bool had_attrib   = false;
      bool had_static   = false;
      uint32_t flags    = 0;
  
      static attribute_t attributes[] = {
          { "noreturn",   AST_FLAG_NORETURN   },
          { "inline",     AST_FLAG_INLINE     },
          { "eraseable",  AST_FLAG_ERASEABLE  },
          { "noerase",    AST_FLAG_NOERASE    },
          { "accumulate", AST_FLAG_ACCUMULATE },
          { "last",       AST_FLAG_FINAL_DECL }
      };
  
     *cvq = CV_NONE;
  
      for (;;) {
          size_t i;
          if (parser->tok == TOKEN_ATTRIBUTE_OPEN) {
              had_attrib = true;
              /* parse an attribute */
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected attribute after `[[`");
                  *cvq = CV_WRONG;
                  return false;
              }
  
              for (i = 0; i < GMQCC_ARRAY_COUNT(attributes); i++) {
                  if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), attributes[i].name)) {
                      flags |= attributes[i].flag;
                      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_ATTRIBUTE_CLOSE) {
                          parseerror(parser, "`%s` attribute has no parameters, expected `]]`",
                              attributes[i].name);
                          *cvq = CV_WRONG;
                          return false;
                      }
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              if (i != GMQCC_ARRAY_COUNT(attributes))
                  goto leave;
  
              if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "noref")) {
                  had_noref = true;
                  if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_ATTRIBUTE_CLOSE) {
                      parseerror(parser, "`noref` attribute has no parameters, expected `]]`");
                      *cvq = CV_WRONG;
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "alias") && !(flags & AST_FLAG_ALIAS)) {
                  flags   |= AST_FLAG_ALIAS;
                  *message = nullptr;
  
                  if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                      parseerror(parser, "parse error in attribute");
                      goto argerr;
                  }
  
                  if (parser->tok == '(') {
                      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_STRINGCONST) {
                          parseerror(parser, "`alias` attribute missing parameter");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
  
                      *message = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
  
                      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "parse error in attribute");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
  
                      if (parser->tok != ')') {
                          parseerror(parser, "`alias` attribute expected `)` after parameter");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
  
                      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "parse error in attribute");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
                  }
  
                  if (parser->tok != TOKEN_ATTRIBUTE_CLOSE) {
                      parseerror(parser, "`alias` attribute expected `]]`");
                      goto argerr;
                  }
              }
              else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "deprecated") && !(flags & AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED)) {
                  flags   |= AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED;
                  *message = nullptr;
  
                  if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                      parseerror(parser, "parse error in attribute");
                      goto argerr;
                  }
  
                  if (parser->tok == '(') {
                      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_STRINGCONST) {
                          parseerror(parser, "`deprecated` attribute missing parameter");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
  
                      *message = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
  
                      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "parse error in attribute");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
  
                      if(parser->tok != ')') {
                          parseerror(parser, "`deprecated` attribute expected `)` after parameter");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
  
                      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "parse error in attribute");
                          goto argerr;
                      }
                  }
                  /* no message */
                  if (parser->tok != TOKEN_ATTRIBUTE_CLOSE) {
                      parseerror(parser, "`deprecated` attribute expected `]]`");
  
                      argerr: /* ugly */
                      if (*message) mem_d(*message);
                      *message = nullptr;
                      *cvq     = CV_WRONG;
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "coverage") && !(flags & AST_FLAG_COVERAGE)) {
                  flags |= AST_FLAG_COVERAGE;
                  if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                      error_in_coverage:
                      parseerror(parser, "parse error in coverage attribute");
                      *cvq = CV_WRONG;
                      return false;
                  }
                  if (parser->tok == '(') {
                      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                          bad_coverage_arg:
                          parseerror(parser, "invalid parameter for coverage() attribute\n"
                                             "valid are: block");
                          *cvq = CV_WRONG;
                          return false;
                      }
                      if (parser->tok != ')') {
                          do {
                              if (parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT)
                                  goto bad_coverage_arg;
                              if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "block"))
                                  flags |= AST_FLAG_BLOCK_COVERAGE;
                              else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "none"))
                                  flags &= ~(AST_FLAG_COVERAGE_MASK);
                              else
                                  goto bad_coverage_arg;
                              if (!parser_next(parser))
                                  goto error_in_coverage;
                              if (parser->tok == ',') {
                                  if (!parser_next(parser))
                                      goto error_in_coverage;
                              }
                          } while (parser->tok != ')');
                      }
                      if (parser->tok != ')' || !parser_next(parser))
                          goto error_in_coverage;
                  } else {
                      /* without parameter [[coverage]] equals [[coverage(block)]] */
                      flags |= AST_FLAG_BLOCK_COVERAGE;
                  }
              }
              else
              {
                  /* Skip tokens until we hit a ]] */
                  (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_UNKNOWN_ATTRIBUTE, "unknown attribute starting with `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
                  while (parser->tok != TOKEN_ATTRIBUTE_CLOSE) {
                      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "error inside attribute");
                          *cvq = CV_WRONG;
                          return false;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          else if (with_local && !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "static"))
              had_static = true;
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "const"))
              had_const = true;
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "var"))
              had_var = true;
          else if (with_local && !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "local"))
              had_var = true;
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "noref"))
              had_noref = true;
          else if (!had_const && !had_var && !had_noref && !had_attrib && !had_static && !flags) {
              return false;
          }
          else
              break;
  
          leave:
          if (!parser_next(parser))
              goto onerr;
      }
      if (had_const)
          *cvq = CV_CONST;
      else if (had_var)
          *cvq = CV_VAR;
      else
          *cvq = CV_NONE;
      *noref     = had_noref;
      *is_static = had_static;
      *_flags    = flags;
      return true;
  onerr:
      parseerror(parser, "parse error after variable qualifier");
      *cvq = CV_WRONG;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_switch_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out);
  static bool parse_switch(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      bool rv;
      char *label = nullptr;
  
      /* skip the 'while' and get the body */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          if (OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label or 'switch' operand in parenthesis");
          else
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'switch' operand in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == ':') {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(LOOP_LABELS))
              parseerror(parser, "labeled loops not activated, try using -floop-labels");
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected loop label");
              return false;
          }
          label = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              mem_d(label);
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'switch' operand in parenthesis");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != '(') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'switch' operand in parenthesis");
          return false;
      }
  
      parser->breaks.push_back(label);
  
      rv = parse_switch_go(parser, block, out);
      if (label)
          mem_d(label);
      if (parser->breaks.back() != label) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: label stack corrupted");
          rv = false;
          delete *out;
          *out = nullptr;
      }
      else {
          parser->breaks.pop_back();
      }
      return rv;
  }
  
  static bool parse_switch_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_expression *operand;
      ast_value      *opval;
      ast_value      *typevar;
      ast_switch     *switchnode;
      ast_switch_case swcase;
  
      int  cvq;
      bool noref, is_static;
      uint32_t qflags = 0;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      (void)block; /* not touching */
      (void)opval;
  
      /* parse into the expression */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected switch operand");
          return false;
      }
      /* parse the operand */
      operand = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, false, false);
      if (!operand)
          return false;
  
      switchnode = new ast_switch(ctx, operand);
  
      /* closing paren */
      if (parser->tok != ')') {
          delete switchnode;
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'switch' operand");
          return false;
      }
  
      /* parse over the opening paren */
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != '{') {
          delete switchnode;
          parseerror(parser, "expected list of cases");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          delete switchnode;
          parseerror(parser, "expected 'case' or 'default'");
          return false;
      }
  
      /* new block; allow some variables to be declared here */
      parser_enterblock(parser);
      while (true) {
          typevar = nullptr;
          if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT)
              typevar = parser_find_typedef(parser, parser_tokval(parser), 0);
          if (typevar || parser->tok == TOKEN_TYPENAME) {
              if (!parse_variable(parser, block, true, CV_NONE, typevar, false, false, 0, nullptr)) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  return false;
              }
              continue;
          }
          if (parse_qualifiers(parser, true, &cvq, &noref, &is_static, &qflags, nullptr))
          {
              if (cvq == CV_WRONG) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  return false;
              }
              if (!parse_variable(parser, block, true, cvq, nullptr, noref, is_static, qflags, nullptr)) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  return false;
              }
              continue;
          }
          break;
      }
  
      /* case list! */
      while (parser->tok != '}') {
          ast_block *caseblock;
  
          if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "case")) {
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  parseerror(parser, "expected expression for case");
                  return false;
              }
              swcase.m_value = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, false, false);
  
              if (!operand->compareType(*swcase.m_value)) {
                  char ty1[1024];
                  char ty2[1024];
  
                  ast_type_to_string(swcase.m_value, ty1, sizeof ty1);
                  ast_type_to_string(operand, ty2, sizeof ty2);
  
                  auto fnLiteral = [](ast_expression *expression) -> char* {
                      if (!ast_istype(expression, ast_value))
                          return nullptr;
                      ast_value *value = (ast_value *)expression;
                      if (!value->m_hasvalue)
                          return nullptr;
                      char *string = nullptr;
                      basic_value_t *constval = &value->m_constval;
                      switch (value->m_vtype)
                      {
                      case TYPE_FLOAT:
                          util_asprintf(&string, "%.2f", constval->vfloat);
                          return string;
                      case TYPE_VECTOR:
                          util_asprintf(&string, "'%.2f %.2f %.2f'",
                              constval->vvec.x,
                              constval->vvec.y,
                              constval->vvec.z);
                          return string;
                      case TYPE_STRING:
                          util_asprintf(&string, "\"%s\"", constval->vstring);
                          return string;
                      default:
                          break;
                      }
                      return nullptr;
                  };
  
                  char *literal = fnLiteral(swcase.m_value);
                  if (literal)
                      compile_error(parser_ctx(parser), "incompatible type `%s` for switch case `%s` expected `%s`", ty1, literal, ty2);
                  else
                      compile_error(parser_ctx(parser), "incompatible type `%s` for switch case expected `%s`", ty1, ty2);
                  mem_d(literal);
                  delete switchnode;
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (!swcase.m_value) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  parseerror(parser, "expected expression for case");
                  return false;
              }
              if (!OPTS_FLAG(RELAXED_SWITCH)) {
                  if (!ast_istype(swcase.m_value, ast_value)) { /* || ((ast_value*)swcase.m_value)->m_cvq != CV_CONST) { */
                      delete switchnode;
                      parseerror(parser, "case on non-constant values need to be explicitly enabled via -frelaxed-switch");
                      ast_unref(operand);
                      return false;
                  }
              }
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "default")) {
              swcase.m_value = nullptr;
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  parseerror(parser, "expected colon");
                  return false;
              }
          }
          else {
              delete switchnode;
              parseerror(parser, "expected 'case' or 'default'");
              return false;
          }
  
          /* Now the colon and body */
          if (parser->tok != ':') {
              if (swcase.m_value) ast_unref(swcase.m_value);
              delete switchnode;
              parseerror(parser, "expected colon");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              if (swcase.m_value) ast_unref(swcase.m_value);
              delete switchnode;
              parseerror(parser, "expected statements or case");
              return false;
          }
          caseblock = new ast_block(parser_ctx(parser));
          if (!caseblock) {
              if (swcase.m_value) ast_unref(swcase.m_value);
              delete switchnode;
              return false;
          }
          swcase.m_code = caseblock;
          switchnode->m_cases.push_back(swcase);
          while (true) {
              ast_expression *expr;
              if (parser->tok == '}')
                  break;
              if (parser->tok == TOKEN_KEYWORD) {
                  if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "case") ||
                      !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "default"))
                  {
                      break;
                  }
              }
              if (!parse_statement(parser, caseblock, &expr, true)) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  return false;
              }
              if (!expr)
                  continue;
              if (!caseblock->addExpr(expr)) {
                  delete switchnode;
                  return false;
              }
          }
      }
  
      parser_leaveblock(parser);
  
      /* closing paren */
      if (parser->tok != '}') {
          delete switchnode;
          parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren of case list");
          return false;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          delete switchnode;
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after switch");
          return false;
      }
      *out = switchnode;
      return true;
  }
  
  /* parse computed goto sides */
  static ast_expression *parse_goto_computed(parser_t *parser, ast_expression **side) {
      ast_expression *on_true;
      ast_expression *on_false;
      ast_expression *cond;
  
      if (!*side)
          return nullptr;
  
      if (ast_istype(*side, ast_ternary)) {
          ast_ternary *tern = (ast_ternary*)*side;
          on_true  = parse_goto_computed(parser, &tern->m_on_true);
          on_false = parse_goto_computed(parser, &tern->m_on_false);
  
          if (!on_true || !on_false) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected label or expression in ternary");
              if (on_true) ast_unref(on_true);
              if (on_false) ast_unref(on_false);
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          cond = tern->m_cond;
          tern->m_cond = nullptr;
          delete tern;
          *side = nullptr;
          return new ast_ifthen(parser_ctx(parser), cond, on_true, on_false);
      } else if (ast_istype(*side, ast_label)) {
          ast_goto *gt = new ast_goto(parser_ctx(parser), ((ast_label*)*side)->m_name);
          gt->setLabel(reinterpret_cast<ast_label*>(*side));
          *side = nullptr;
          return gt;
      }
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static bool parse_goto(parser_t *parser, ast_expression **out)
  {
      ast_goto       *gt = nullptr;
      ast_expression *lbl;
  
      if (!parser_next(parser))
          return false;
  
      if (parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
          ast_expression *expression;
  
          /* could be an expression i.e computed goto :-) */
          if (parser->tok != '(') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected label name after `goto`");
              return false;
          }
  
          /* failed to parse expression for goto */
          if (!(expression = parse_expression(parser, false, true)) ||
              !(*out = parse_goto_computed(parser, &expression))) {
              parseerror(parser, "invalid goto expression");
              if(expression)
                  ast_unref(expression);
              return false;
          }
  
          return true;
      }
  
      /* not computed goto */
      gt = new ast_goto(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser));
      lbl = parser_find_label(parser, gt->m_name);
      if (lbl) {
          if (!ast_istype(lbl, ast_label)) {
              parseerror(parser, "internal error: label is not an ast_label");
              delete gt;
              return false;
          }
          gt->setLabel(reinterpret_cast<ast_label*>(lbl));
      }
      else
          parser->gotos.push_back(gt);
  
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "semicolon expected after goto label");
          return false;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after goto");
          return false;
      }
  
      *out = gt;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_skipwhite(parser_t *parser)
  {
      do {
          if (!parser_next(parser))
              return false;
      } while (parser->tok == TOKEN_WHITE && parser->tok < TOKEN_ERROR);
      return parser->tok < TOKEN_ERROR;
  }
  
  static bool parse_eol(parser_t *parser)
  {
      if (!parse_skipwhite(parser))
          return false;
      return parser->tok == TOKEN_EOL;
  }
  
  static bool parse_pragma_do(parser_t *parser)
  {
      if (!parser_next(parser) ||
          parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT ||
          strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "pragma"))
      {
          parseerror(parser, "expected `pragma` keyword after `#`, got `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
          return false;
      }
      if (!parse_skipwhite(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected pragma, got `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "noref")) {
          if (!parse_skipwhite(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_INTCONST) {
              parseerror(parser, "`noref` pragma requires an argument: 0 or 1");
              return false;
          }
          parser->noref = !!parser_token(parser)->constval.i;
          if (!parse_eol(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "parse error after `noref` pragma");
              return false;
          }
      }
      else
      {
          (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS, "ignoring #pragma %s", parser_tokval(parser));
  
          /* skip to eol */
          while (!parse_eol(parser)) {
              parser_next(parser);
          }
  
          return true;
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_pragma(parser_t *parser)
  {
      bool rv;
      parser->lex->flags.preprocessing = true;
      parser->lex->flags.mergelines = true;
      rv = parse_pragma_do(parser);
      if (parser->tok != TOKEN_EOL) {
          parseerror(parser, "junk after pragma");
          rv = false;
      }
      parser->lex->flags.preprocessing = false;
      parser->lex->flags.mergelines = false;
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after pragma");
          rv = false;
      }
      return rv;
  }
  
  static bool parse_statement(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out, bool allow_cases)
  {
      bool       noref, is_static;
      int        cvq     = CV_NONE;
      uint32_t   qflags  = 0;
      ast_value *typevar = nullptr;
      char      *vstring = nullptr;
  
      *out = nullptr;
  
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT)
          typevar = parser_find_typedef(parser, parser_tokval(parser), 0);
  
      if (typevar || parser->tok == TOKEN_TYPENAME || parser->tok == '.' || parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS)
      {
          /* local variable */
          if (!block) {
              parseerror(parser, "cannot declare a variable from here");
              return false;
          }
          if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC) {
              if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_EXTENSIONS, "missing 'local' keyword when declaring a local variable"))
                  return false;
          }
          if (!parse_variable(parser, block, false, CV_NONE, typevar, false, false, 0, nullptr))
              return false;
          return true;
      }
      else if (parse_qualifiers(parser, !!block, &cvq, &noref, &is_static, &qflags, &vstring))
      {
          if (cvq == CV_WRONG)
              return false;
          return parse_variable(parser, block, false, cvq, nullptr, noref, is_static, qflags, vstring);
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_KEYWORD)
      {
          if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "__builtin_debug_printtype"))
          {
              char ty[1024];
              ast_value *tdef;
  
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "parse error after __builtin_debug_printtype");
                  return false;
              }
  
              if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT && (tdef = parser_find_typedef(parser, parser_tokval(parser), 0)))
              {
                  ast_type_to_string(tdef, ty, sizeof(ty));
                  con_out("__builtin_debug_printtype: `%s`=`%s`\n", tdef->m_name.c_str(), ty);
                  if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                      parseerror(parser, "parse error after __builtin_debug_printtype typename argument");
                      return false;
                  }
              }
              else
              {
                  if (!parse_statement(parser, block, out, allow_cases))
                      return false;
                  if (!*out)
                      con_out("__builtin_debug_printtype: got no output node\n");
                  else
                  {
                      ast_type_to_string(*out, ty, sizeof(ty));
                      con_out("__builtin_debug_printtype: `%s`\n", ty);
                  }
              }
              return true;
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "return"))
          {
              return parse_return(parser, block, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "if"))
          {
              return parse_if(parser, block, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "while"))
          {
              return parse_while(parser, block, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "do"))
          {
              return parse_dowhile(parser, block, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "for"))
          {
              if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC) {
                  if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_EXTENSIONS, "for loops are not recognized in the original Quake C standard, to enable try an alternate standard --std=?"))
                      return false;
              }
              return parse_for(parser, block, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "break"))
          {
              return parse_break_continue(parser, block, out, false);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "continue"))
          {
              return parse_break_continue(parser, block, out, true);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "switch"))
          {
              return parse_switch(parser, block, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "case") ||
                   !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "default"))
          {
              if (!allow_cases) {
                  parseerror(parser, "unexpected 'case' label");
                  return false;
              }
              return true;
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "goto"))
          {
              return parse_goto(parser, out);
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "typedef"))
          {
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected type definition after 'typedef'");
                  return false;
              }
              return parse_typedef(parser);
          }
          parseerror(parser, "Unexpected keyword: `%s'", parser_tokval(parser));
          return false;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == '{')
      {
          ast_block *inner;
          inner = parse_block(parser);
          if (!inner)
              return false;
          *out = inner;
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == ':')
      {
          size_t i;
          ast_label *label;
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected label name");
              return false;
          }
          if (parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
              parseerror(parser, "label must be an identifier");
              return false;
          }
          label = (ast_label*)parser_find_label(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
          if (label) {
              if (!label->m_undefined) {
                  parseerror(parser, "label `%s` already defined", label->m_name);
                  return false;
              }
              label->m_undefined = false;
          }
          else {
              label = new ast_label(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser), false);
              parser->labels.push_back(label);
          }
          *out = label;
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "parse error after label");
              return false;
          }
          for (i = 0; i < parser->gotos.size(); ++i) {
              if (parser->gotos[i]->m_name == label->m_name) {
                  parser->gotos[i]->setLabel(label);
                  parser->gotos.erase(parser->gotos.begin() + i);
                  --i;
              }
          }
          return true;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == ';')
      {
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "parse error after empty statement");
              return false;
          }
          return true;
      }
      else
      {
          lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
          ast_expression *exp = parse_expression(parser, false, false);
          if (!exp)
              return false;
          *out = exp;
          if (!exp->m_side_effects) {
              if (compile_warning(ctx, WARN_EFFECTLESS_STATEMENT, "statement has no effect"))
                  return false;
          }
          return true;
      }
  }
  
  static bool parse_enum(parser_t *parser)
  {
      bool        flag = false;
      bool        reverse = false;
      qcfloat_t     num = 0;
      ast_value  *var = nullptr;
      ast_value  *asvalue;
      std::vector<ast_value*> values;
  
      ast_expression *old;
  
      if (!parser_next(parser) || (parser->tok != '{' && parser->tok != ':')) {
          parseerror(parser, "expected `{` or `:` after `enum` keyword");
          return false;
      }
  
      /* enumeration attributes (can add more later) */
      if (parser->tok == ':') {
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT){
              parseerror(parser, "expected `flag` or `reverse` for enumeration attribute");
              return false;
          }
  
          /* attributes? */
          if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "flag")) {
              num  = 1;
              flag = true;
          }
          else if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "reverse")) {
              reverse = true;
          }
          else {
              parseerror(parser, "invalid attribute `%s` for enumeration", parser_tokval(parser));
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != '{') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected `{` after enum attribute ");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      while (true) {
          if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
              if (parser->tok == '}') {
                  /* allow an empty enum */
                  break;
              }
              parseerror(parser, "expected identifier or `}`");
              return false;
          }
  
          old = parser_find_field(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
          if (!old)
              old = parser_find_global(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
          if (old) {
              parseerror(parser, "value `%s` has already been declared here: %s:%i",
                         parser_tokval(parser), old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line);
              return false;
          }
  
          var = new ast_value(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser), TYPE_FLOAT);
          values.push_back(var);
          var->m_cvq             = CV_CONST;
          var->m_hasvalue        = true;
  
          /* for flagged enumerations increment in POTs of TWO */
          var->m_constval.vfloat = (flag) ? (num *= 2) : (num ++);
          parser_addglobal(parser, var->m_name, var);
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected `=`, `}` or comma after identifier");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok == ',')
              continue;
          if (parser->tok == '}')
              break;
          if (parser->tok != '=') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected `=`, `}` or comma after identifier");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected expression after `=`");
              return false;
          }
  
          /* We got a value! */
          old = parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
          asvalue = (ast_value*)old;
          if (!ast_istype(old, ast_value) || asvalue->m_cvq != CV_CONST || !asvalue->m_hasvalue) {
              compile_error(var->m_context, "constant value or expression expected");
              return false;
          }
          num = (var->m_constval.vfloat = asvalue->m_constval.vfloat) + 1;
  
          if (parser->tok == '}')
              break;
          if (parser->tok != ',') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected `}` or comma after expression");
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      /* patch them all (for reversed attribute) */
      if (reverse) {
          size_t i;
          for (i = 0; i < values.size(); i++)
              values[i]->m_constval.vfloat = values.size() - i - 1;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != '}') {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: breaking without `}`");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after enumeration");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after enumeration");
          return false;
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_block_into(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block)
  {
      bool   retval = true;
  
      parser_enterblock(parser);
  
      if (!parser_next(parser)) { /* skip the '{' */
          parseerror(parser, "expected function body");
          goto cleanup;
      }
  
      while (parser->tok != TOKEN_EOF && parser->tok < TOKEN_ERROR)
      {
          ast_expression *expr = nullptr;
          if (parser->tok == '}')
              break;
  
          if (!parse_statement(parser, block, &expr, false)) {
              /* parseerror(parser, "parse error"); */
              block = nullptr;
              goto cleanup;
          }
          if (!expr)
              continue;
          if (!block->addExpr(expr)) {
              delete block;
              block = nullptr;
              goto cleanup;
          }
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != '}') {
          block = nullptr;
      } else {
          (void)parser_next(parser);
      }
  
  cleanup:
      if (!parser_leaveblock(parser))
          retval = false;
      return retval && !!block;
  }
  
  static ast_block* parse_block(parser_t *parser)
  {
      ast_block *block;
      block = new ast_block(parser_ctx(parser));
      if (!block)
          return nullptr;
      if (!parse_block_into(parser, block)) {
          delete block;
          return nullptr;
      }
      return block;
  }
  
  static bool parse_statement_or_block(parser_t *parser, ast_expression **out)
  {
      if (parser->tok == '{') {
          *out = parse_block(parser);
          return !!*out;
      }
      return parse_statement(parser, nullptr, out, false);
  }
  
  static bool create_vector_members(ast_value *var, ast_member **me)
  {
      size_t i;
      size_t len = var->m_name.length();
  
      for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
          char *name = (char*)mem_a(len+3);
          memcpy(name, var->m_name.c_str(), len);
          name[len+0] = '_';
          name[len+1] = 'x'+i;
          name[len+2] = 0;
          me[i] = ast_member::make(var->m_context, var, i, name);
          mem_d(name);
          if (!me[i])
              break;
      }
      if (i == 3)
          return true;
  
      /* unroll */
      do { delete me[--i]; } while(i);
      return false;
  }
  
  static bool parse_function_body(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
  {
      ast_block *block = nullptr;
      ast_function *func;
      ast_function *old;
  
      ast_expression *framenum  = nullptr;
      ast_expression *nextthink = nullptr;
      /* None of the following have to be deleted */
      ast_expression *fld_think = nullptr, *fld_nextthink = nullptr, *fld_frame = nullptr;
      ast_expression *gbl_time = nullptr, *gbl_self = nullptr;
      bool has_frame_think;
  
      bool retval = true;
  
      has_frame_think = false;
      old = parser->function;
  
      if (var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_ALIAS) {
          parseerror(parser, "function aliases cannot have bodies");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (parser->gotos.size() || parser->labels.size()) {
          parseerror(parser, "gotos/labels leaking");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!OPTS_FLAG(VARIADIC_ARGS) && var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) {
          if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_VARIADIC_FUNCTION,
                           "variadic function with implementation will not be able to access additional parameters (try -fvariadic-args)"))
          {
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == '[') {
          /* got a frame definition: [ framenum, nextthink ]
           * this translates to:
           * self.frame = framenum;
           * self.nextthink = time + 0.1;
           * self.think = nextthink;
           */
          nextthink = nullptr;
  
          fld_think     = parser_find_field(parser, "think");
          fld_nextthink = parser_find_field(parser, "nextthink");
          fld_frame     = parser_find_field(parser, "frame");
          if (!fld_think || !fld_nextthink || !fld_frame) {
              parseerror(parser, "cannot use [frame,think] notation without the required fields");
              parseerror(parser, "please declare the following entityfields: `frame`, `think`, `nextthink`");
              return false;
          }
          gbl_time      = parser_find_global(parser, "time");
          gbl_self      = parser_find_global(parser, "self");
          if (!gbl_time || !gbl_self) {
              parseerror(parser, "cannot use [frame,think] notation without the required globals");
              parseerror(parser, "please declare the following globals: `time`, `self`");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser))
              return false;
  
          framenum = parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
          if (!framenum) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected a framenumber constant in[frame,think] notation");
              return false;
          }
          if (!ast_istype(framenum, ast_value) || !( (ast_value*)framenum )->m_hasvalue) {
              ast_unref(framenum);
              parseerror(parser, "framenumber in [frame,think] notation must be a constant");
              return false;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok != ',') {
              ast_unref(framenum);
              parseerror(parser, "expected comma after frame number in [frame,think] notation");
              parseerror(parser, "Got a %i\n", parser->tok);
              return false;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              ast_unref(framenum);
              return false;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT && !parser_find_var(parser, parser_tokval(parser)))
          {
              /* qc allows the use of not-yet-declared functions here
               * - this automatically creates a prototype */
              ast_value      *thinkfunc;
              ast_expression *functype = fld_think->m_next;
  
              thinkfunc = new ast_value(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser), functype->m_vtype);
              if (!thinkfunc) { /* || !thinkfunc->adoptType(*functype)*/
                  ast_unref(framenum);
                  parseerror(parser, "failed to create implicit prototype for `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
                  return false;
              }
              thinkfunc->adoptType(*functype);
  
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  ast_unref(framenum);
                  delete thinkfunc;
                  return false;
              }
  
              parser_addglobal(parser, thinkfunc->m_name, thinkfunc);
  
              nextthink = thinkfunc;
  
          } else {
              nextthink = parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
              if (!nextthink) {
                  ast_unref(framenum);
                  parseerror(parser, "expected a think-function in [frame,think] notation");
                  return false;
              }
          }
  
          if (!ast_istype(nextthink, ast_value)) {
              parseerror(parser, "think-function in [frame,think] notation must be a constant");
              retval = false;
          }
  
          if (retval && parser->tok != ']') {
              parseerror(parser, "expected closing `]` for [frame,think] notation");
              retval = false;
          }
  
          if (retval && !parser_next(parser)) {
              retval = false;
          }
  
          if (retval && parser->tok != '{') {
              parseerror(parser, "a function body has to be declared after a [frame,think] declaration");
              retval = false;
          }
  
          if (!retval) {
              ast_unref(nextthink);
              ast_unref(framenum);
              return false;
          }
  
          has_frame_think = true;
      }
  
      block = new ast_block(parser_ctx(parser));
      if (!block) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to allocate block");
          if (has_frame_think) {
              ast_unref(nextthink);
              ast_unref(framenum);
          }
          return false;
      }
  
      if (has_frame_think) {
          if (!OPTS_FLAG(EMULATE_STATE)) {
              ast_state *state_op = new ast_state(parser_ctx(parser), framenum, nextthink);
              if (!block->addExpr(state_op)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "failed to generate state op for [frame,think]");
                  ast_unref(nextthink);
                  ast_unref(framenum);
                  delete block;
                  return false;
              }
          } else {
              /* emulate OP_STATE in code: */
              lex_ctx_t ctx;
              ast_expression *self_frame;
              ast_expression *self_nextthink;
              ast_expression *self_think;
              ast_expression *time_plus_1;
              ast_store *store_frame;
              ast_store *store_nextthink;
              ast_store *store_think;
  
              float frame_delta = 1.0f / (float)OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STATE_FPS);
  
              ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
              self_frame     = new ast_entfield(ctx, gbl_self, fld_frame);
              self_nextthink = new ast_entfield(ctx, gbl_self, fld_nextthink);
              self_think     = new ast_entfield(ctx, gbl_self, fld_think);
  
              time_plus_1    = new ast_binary(ctx, INSTR_ADD_F,
                               gbl_time, parser->m_fold.constgen_float(frame_delta, false));
  
              if (!self_frame || !self_nextthink || !self_think || !time_plus_1) {
                  if (self_frame)     delete self_frame;
                  if (self_nextthink) delete self_nextthink;
                  if (self_think)     delete self_think;
                  if (time_plus_1)    delete time_plus_1;
                  retval = false;
              }
  
              if (retval)
              {
                  store_frame     = new ast_store(ctx, INSTR_STOREP_F,   self_frame,     framenum);
                  store_nextthink = new ast_store(ctx, INSTR_STOREP_F,   self_nextthink, time_plus_1);
                  store_think     = new ast_store(ctx, INSTR_STOREP_FNC, self_think,     nextthink);
  
                  if (!store_frame) {
                      delete self_frame;
                      retval = false;
                  }
                  if (!store_nextthink) {
                      delete self_nextthink;
                      retval = false;
                  }
                  if (!store_think) {
                      delete self_think;
                      retval = false;
                  }
                  if (!retval) {
                      if (store_frame)     delete store_frame;
                      if (store_nextthink) delete store_nextthink;
                      if (store_think)     delete store_think;
                      retval = false;
                  }
                  if (!block->addExpr(store_frame) ||
                      !block->addExpr(store_nextthink) ||
                      !block->addExpr(store_think))
                  {
                      retval = false;
                  }
              }
  
              if (!retval) {
                  parseerror(parser, "failed to generate code for [frame,think]");
                  ast_unref(nextthink);
                  ast_unref(framenum);
                  delete block;
                  return false;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (var->m_hasvalue) {
          if (!(var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_ACCUMULATE)) {
              parseerror(parser, "function `%s` declared with multiple bodies", var->m_name);
              delete block;
              goto enderr;
          }
          func = var->m_constval.vfunc;
  
          if (!func) {
              parseerror(parser, "internal error: nullptr function: `%s`", var->m_name);
              delete block;
              goto enderr;
          }
      } else {
          func = ast_function::make(var->m_context, var->m_name, var);
  
          if (!func) {
              parseerror(parser, "failed to allocate function for `%s`", var->m_name);
              delete block;
              goto enderr;
          }
          parser->functions.push_back(func);
      }
  
      parser_enterblock(parser);
  
      for (auto &it : var->m_type_params) {
          size_t e;
          ast_member *me[3];
  
          if (it->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR &&
              (it->m_vtype != TYPE_FIELD ||
               it->m_next->m_vtype != TYPE_VECTOR))
          {
              continue;
          }
  
          if (!create_vector_members(it.get(), me)) {
              delete block;
              goto enderrfn;
          }
  
          for (e = 0; e < 3; ++e) {
              parser_addlocal(parser, me[e]->m_name, me[e]);
              block->collect(me[e]);
          }
      }
  
      if (var->m_argcounter && !func->m_argc) {
          ast_value *argc = new ast_value(var->m_context, var->m_argcounter, TYPE_FLOAT);
          parser_addlocal(parser, argc->m_name, argc);
          func->m_argc.reset(argc);
      }
  
      if (OPTS_FLAG(VARIADIC_ARGS) && var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC && !func->m_varargs) {
          char name[1024];
          ast_value *varargs = new ast_value(var->m_context, "reserved:va_args", TYPE_ARRAY);
          varargs->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_IS_VARARG;
          varargs->m_next = new ast_value(var->m_context, "", TYPE_VECTOR);
          varargs->m_count = 0;
          util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##va##SET", var->m_name.c_str());
          if (!parser_create_array_setter_proto(parser, varargs, name)) {
              delete varargs;
              delete block;
              goto enderrfn;
          }
          util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##va##GET", var->m_name.c_str());
          if (!parser_create_array_getter_proto(parser, varargs, varargs->m_next, name)) {
              delete varargs;
              delete block;
              goto enderrfn;
          }
          func->m_varargs.reset(varargs);
          func->m_fixedparams = (ast_value*)parser->m_fold.constgen_float(var->m_type_params.size(), false);
      }
  
      parser->function = func;
      if (!parse_block_into(parser, block)) {
          delete block;
          goto enderrfn;
      }
  
      func->m_blocks.emplace_back(block);
  
      parser->function = old;
      if (!parser_leaveblock(parser))
          retval = false;
      if (parser->variables.size() != PARSER_HT_LOCALS) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: local scopes left");
          retval = false;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok == ';')
          return parser_next(parser);
      else if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC)
          parseerror(parser, "missing semicolon after function body (mandatory with -std=qcc)");
      return retval;
  
  enderrfn:
      (void)!parser_leaveblock(parser);
      parser->functions.pop_back();
      delete func;
      var->m_constval.vfunc = nullptr;
  
  enderr:
      parser->function = old;
      return false;
  }
  
  static ast_expression *array_accessor_split(
      parser_t  *parser,
      ast_value *array,
      ast_value *index,
      size_t     middle,
      ast_expression *left,
      ast_expression *right
      )
  {
      ast_ifthen *ifthen;
      ast_binary *cmp;
  
      lex_ctx_t ctx = array->m_context;
  
      if (!left || !right) {
          if (left)  delete left;
          if (right) delete right;
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      cmp = new ast_binary(ctx, INSTR_LT,
                           index,
                           parser->m_fold.constgen_float(middle, false));
      if (!cmp) {
          delete left;
          delete right;
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: failed to create comparison for array setter");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      ifthen = new ast_ifthen(ctx, cmp, left, right);
      if (!ifthen) {
          delete cmp; /* will delete left and right */
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: failed to create conditional jump for array setter");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      return ifthen;
  }
  
  static ast_expression *array_setter_node(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, ast_value *index, ast_value *value, size_t from, size_t afterend)
  {
      lex_ctx_t ctx = array->m_context;
  
      if (from+1 == afterend) {
          /* set this value */
          ast_block       *block;
          ast_return      *ret;
          ast_array_index *subscript;
          ast_store       *st;
          int assignop = type_store_instr[value->m_vtype];
  
          if (value->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD && value->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
              assignop = INSTR_STORE_V;
  
          subscript = ast_array_index::make(ctx, array, parser->m_fold.constgen_float(from, false));
          if (!subscript)
              return nullptr;
  
          st = new ast_store(ctx, assignop, subscript, value);
          if (!st) {
              delete subscript;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          block = new ast_block(ctx);
          if (!block) {
              delete st;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          if (!block->addExpr(st)) {
              delete block;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          ret = new ast_return(ctx, nullptr);
          if (!ret) {
              delete block;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          if (!block->addExpr(ret)) {
              delete block;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          return block;
      } else {
          ast_expression *left, *right;
          size_t diff = afterend - from;
          size_t middle = from + diff/2;
          left  = array_setter_node(parser, array, index, value, from, middle);
          right = array_setter_node(parser, array, index, value, middle, afterend);
          return array_accessor_split(parser, array, index, middle, left, right);
      }
  }
  
  static ast_expression *array_field_setter_node(
      parser_t  *parser,
      ast_value *array,
      ast_value *entity,
      ast_value *index,
      ast_value *value,
      size_t     from,
      size_t     afterend)
  {
      lex_ctx_t ctx = array->m_context;
  
      if (from+1 == afterend) {
          /* set this value */
          ast_block       *block;
          ast_return      *ret;
          ast_entfield    *entfield;
          ast_array_index *subscript;
          ast_store       *st;
          int assignop = type_storep_instr[value->m_vtype];
  
          if (value->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD && value->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
              assignop = INSTR_STOREP_V;
  
          subscript = ast_array_index::make(ctx, array, parser->m_fold.constgen_float(from, false));
          if (!subscript)
              return nullptr;
  
          subscript->m_next = new ast_expression(ast_copy_type, subscript->m_context, *subscript);
          subscript->m_vtype = TYPE_FIELD;
  
          entfield = new ast_entfield(ctx, entity, subscript, subscript);
          if (!entfield) {
              delete subscript;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          st = new ast_store(ctx, assignop, entfield, value);
          if (!st) {
              delete entfield;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          block = new ast_block(ctx);
          if (!block) {
              delete st;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          if (!block->addExpr(st)) {
              delete block;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          ret = new ast_return(ctx, nullptr);
          if (!ret) {
              delete block;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          if (!block->addExpr(ret)) {
              delete block;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          return block;
      } else {
          ast_expression *left, *right;
          size_t diff = afterend - from;
          size_t middle = from + diff/2;
          left  = array_field_setter_node(parser, array, entity, index, value, from, middle);
          right = array_field_setter_node(parser, array, entity, index, value, middle, afterend);
          return array_accessor_split(parser, array, index, middle, left, right);
      }
  }
  
  static ast_expression *array_getter_node(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, ast_value *index, size_t from, size_t afterend)
  {
      lex_ctx_t ctx = array->m_context;
  
      if (from+1 == afterend) {
          ast_return      *ret;
          ast_array_index *subscript;
  
          subscript = ast_array_index::make(ctx, array, parser->m_fold.constgen_float(from, false));
          if (!subscript)
              return nullptr;
  
          ret = new ast_return(ctx, subscript);
          if (!ret) {
              delete subscript;
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          return ret;
      } else {
          ast_expression *left, *right;
          size_t diff = afterend - from;
          size_t middle = from + diff/2;
          left  = array_getter_node(parser, array, index, from, middle);
          right = array_getter_node(parser, array, index, middle, afterend);
          return array_accessor_split(parser, array, index, middle, left, right);
      }
  }
  
  static bool parser_create_array_accessor(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const char *funcname, ast_value **out)
  {
      ast_function   *func = nullptr;
      ast_value      *fval = nullptr;
      ast_block      *body = nullptr;
  
      fval = new ast_value(array->m_context, funcname, TYPE_FUNCTION);
      if (!fval) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to create accessor function value");
          return false;
      }
      fval->m_flags &= ~(AST_FLAG_COVERAGE_MASK);
  
      func = ast_function::make(array->m_context, funcname, fval);
      if (!func) {
          delete fval;
          parseerror(parser, "failed to create accessor function node");
          return false;
      }
  
      body = new ast_block(array->m_context);
      if (!body) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to create block for array accessor");
          delete fval;
          delete func;
          return false;
      }
  
      func->m_blocks.emplace_back(body);
      *out = fval;
  
      parser->accessors.push_back(fval);
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static ast_value* parser_create_array_setter_proto(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const char *funcname)
  {
      ast_value      *index = nullptr;
      ast_value      *value = nullptr;
      ast_function   *func;
      ast_value      *fval;
  
      if (!ast_istype(array->m_next, ast_value)) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: array accessor needs to build an ast_value with a copy of the element type");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      if (!parser_create_array_accessor(parser, array, funcname, &fval))
          return nullptr;
      func = fval->m_constval.vfunc;
      fval->m_next = new ast_value(array->m_context, "<void>", TYPE_VOID);
  
      index = new ast_value(array->m_context, "index", TYPE_FLOAT);
      value = new ast_value(ast_copy_type, *(ast_value*)array->m_next);
  
      if (!index || !value) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to create locals for array accessor");
          goto cleanup;
      }
      value->m_name = "value"; // not important
      fval->m_type_params.emplace_back(index);
      fval->m_type_params.emplace_back(value);
  
      array->m_setter = fval;
      return fval;
  cleanup:
      if (index) delete index;
      if (value) delete value;
      delete func;
      delete fval;
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static bool parser_create_array_setter_impl(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array)
  {
      ast_expression *root = nullptr;
      root = array_setter_node(parser, array,
                               array->m_setter->m_type_params[0].get(),
                               array->m_setter->m_type_params[1].get(),
                               0, array->m_count);
      if (!root) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to build accessor search tree");
          return false;
      }
      if (!array->m_setter->m_constval.vfunc->m_blocks[0].get()->addExpr(root)) {
          delete root;
          return false;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parser_create_array_setter(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const char *funcname)
  {
      if (!parser_create_array_setter_proto(parser, array, funcname))
          return false;
      return parser_create_array_setter_impl(parser, array);
  }
  
  static bool parser_create_array_field_setter(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const char *funcname)
  {
      ast_expression *root = nullptr;
      ast_value      *entity = nullptr;
      ast_value      *index = nullptr;
      ast_value      *value = nullptr;
      ast_function   *func;
      ast_value      *fval;
  
      if (!ast_istype(array->m_next, ast_value)) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: array accessor needs to build an ast_value with a copy of the element type");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (!parser_create_array_accessor(parser, array, funcname, &fval))
          return false;
      func = fval->m_constval.vfunc;
      fval->m_next = new ast_value(array->m_context, "<void>", TYPE_VOID);
  
      entity = new ast_value(array->m_context, "entity", TYPE_ENTITY);
      index  = new ast_value(array->m_context, "index",  TYPE_FLOAT);
      value  = new ast_value(ast_copy_type, *(ast_value*)array->m_next);
      if (!entity || !index || !value) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to create locals for array accessor");
          goto cleanup;
      }
      value->m_name = "value"; // not important
      fval->m_type_params.emplace_back(entity);
      fval->m_type_params.emplace_back(index);
      fval->m_type_params.emplace_back(value);
  
      root = array_field_setter_node(parser, array, entity, index, value, 0, array->m_count);
      if (!root) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to build accessor search tree");
          goto cleanup;
      }
  
      array->m_setter = fval;
      return func->m_blocks[0].get()->addExpr(root);
  cleanup:
      if (entity) delete entity;
      if (index)  delete index;
      if (value)  delete value;
      if (root)   delete root;
      delete func;
      delete fval;
      return false;
  }
  
  static ast_value* parser_create_array_getter_proto(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const ast_expression *elemtype, const char *funcname)
  {
      ast_value      *index = nullptr;
      ast_value      *fval;
      ast_function   *func;
  
      /* NOTE: checking array->m_next rather than elemtype since
       * for fields elemtype is a temporary fieldtype.
       */
      if (!ast_istype(array->m_next, ast_value)) {
          parseerror(parser, "internal error: array accessor needs to build an ast_value with a copy of the element type");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      if (!parser_create_array_accessor(parser, array, funcname, &fval))
          return nullptr;
      func = fval->m_constval.vfunc;
      fval->m_next = new ast_expression(ast_copy_type, array->m_context, *elemtype);
  
      index = new ast_value(array->m_context, "index", TYPE_FLOAT);
  
      if (!index) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to create locals for array accessor");
          goto cleanup;
      }
      fval->m_type_params.emplace_back(index);
  
      array->m_getter = fval;
      return fval;
  cleanup:
      if (index) delete index;
      delete func;
      delete fval;
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static bool parser_create_array_getter_impl(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array)
  {
      ast_expression *root = nullptr;
  
      root = array_getter_node(parser, array, array->m_getter->m_type_params[0].get(), 0, array->m_count);
      if (!root) {
          parseerror(parser, "failed to build accessor search tree");
          return false;
      }
      if (!array->m_getter->m_constval.vfunc->m_blocks[0].get()->addExpr(root)) {
          delete root;
          return false;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parser_create_array_getter(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, const ast_expression *elemtype, const char *funcname)
  {
      if (!parser_create_array_getter_proto(parser, array, elemtype, funcname))
          return false;
      return parser_create_array_getter_impl(parser, array);
  }
  
  static ast_value *parse_parameter_list(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
  {
      lex_ctx_t ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ast_value>> params;
      ast_value *fval;
      bool first = true;
      bool variadic = false;
      ast_value *varparam = nullptr;
      char *argcounter = nullptr;
  
      /* for the sake of less code we parse-in in this function */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          delete var;
          parseerror(parser, "expected parameter list");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      /* parse variables until we hit a closing paren */
      while (parser->tok != ')') {
          bool is_varargs = false;
  
          if (!first) {
              /* there must be commas between them */
              if (parser->tok != ',') {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected comma or end of parameter list");
                  goto on_error;
              }
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected parameter");
                  goto on_error;
              }
          }
          first = false;
  
          ast_value *param = parse_typename(parser, nullptr, nullptr, &is_varargs);
          if (!param && !is_varargs)
              goto on_error;
          if (is_varargs) {
              /* '...' indicates a varargs function */
              variadic = true;
              if (parser->tok != ')' && parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
                  parseerror(parser, "`...` must be the last parameter of a variadic function declaration");
                  goto on_error;
              }
              if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT) {
                  argcounter = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
                  if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ')') {
                      parseerror(parser, "`...` must be the last parameter of a variadic function declaration");
                      goto on_error;
                  }
              }
          } else {
              params.emplace_back(param);
              if (param->m_vtype >= TYPE_VARIANT) {
                  char tname[1024]; /* typename is reserved in C++ */
                  ast_type_to_string(param, tname, sizeof(tname));
                  parseerror(parser, "type not supported as part of a parameter list: %s", tname);
                  goto on_error;
              }
              /* type-restricted varargs */
              if (parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS) {
                  variadic = true;
                  varparam = params.back().release();
                  params.pop_back();
                  if (!parser_next(parser) || (parser->tok != ')' && parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT)) {
                      parseerror(parser, "`...` must be the last parameter of a variadic function declaration");
                      goto on_error;
                  }
                  if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT) {
                      argcounter = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
                      param->m_name = argcounter;
                      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ')') {
                          parseerror(parser, "`...` must be the last parameter of a variadic function declaration");
                          goto on_error;
                      }
                  }
              }
              if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_FTEQCC && param->m_name[0] == '<') {
                  parseerror(parser, "parameter name omitted");
                  goto on_error;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (params.size() == 1 && params[0]->m_vtype == TYPE_VOID)
          params.clear();
  
      /* sanity check */
      if (params.size() > 8 && OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC)
          (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_EXTENSIONS, "more than 8 parameters are not supported by this standard");
  
      /* parse-out */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after typename");
          goto on_error;
      }
  
      /* now turn 'var' into a function type */
      fval = new ast_value(ctx, "<type()>", TYPE_FUNCTION);
      fval->m_next = var;
      if (variadic)
          fval->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_VARIADIC;
      var = fval;
  
      var->m_type_params = move(params);
      var->m_varparam = varparam;
      var->m_argcounter = argcounter;
  
      return var;
  
  on_error:
      if (argcounter)
          mem_d(argcounter);
      if (varparam)
          delete varparam;
      delete var;
      return nullptr;
  }
  
  static ast_value *parse_arraysize(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
  {
      ast_expression *cexp;
      ast_value      *cval, *tmp;
      lex_ctx_t ctx;
  
      ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          delete var;
          parseerror(parser, "expected array-size");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != ']') {
          cexp = parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
  
          if (!cexp || !ast_istype(cexp, ast_value)) {
              if (cexp)
                  ast_unref(cexp);
              delete var;
              parseerror(parser, "expected array-size as constant positive integer");
              return nullptr;
          }
          cval = (ast_value*)cexp;
      }
      else {
          cexp = nullptr;
          cval = nullptr;
      }
  
      tmp = new ast_value(ctx, "<type[]>", TYPE_ARRAY);
      tmp->m_next = var;
      var = tmp;
  
      if (cval) {
          if (cval->m_vtype == TYPE_INTEGER)
              tmp->m_count = cval->m_constval.vint;
          else if (cval->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
              tmp->m_count = cval->m_constval.vfloat;
          else {
              ast_unref(cexp);
              delete var;
              parseerror(parser, "array-size must be a positive integer constant");
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          ast_unref(cexp);
      } else {
          var->m_count = -1;
          var->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_ARRAY_INIT;
      }
  
      if (parser->tok != ']') {
          delete var;
          parseerror(parser, "expected ']' after array-size");
          return nullptr;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          delete var;
          parseerror(parser, "error after parsing array size");
          return nullptr;
      }
      return var;
  }
  
  /* Parse a complete typename.
   * for single-variables (ie. function parameters or typedefs) storebase should be nullptr
   * but when parsing variables separated by comma
   * 'storebase' should point to where the base-type should be kept.
   * The base type makes up every bit of type information which comes *before* the
   * variable name.
   *
   * NOTE: The value must either be named, have a nullptr name, or a name starting
   *       with '<'. In the first case, this will be the actual variable or type
   *       name, in the other cases it is assumed that the name will appear
   *       later, and an error is generated otherwise.
   *
   * The following will be parsed in its entirety:
   *     void() foo()
   * The 'basetype' in this case is 'void()'
   * and if there's a comma after it, say:
   *     void() foo(), bar
   * then the type-information 'void()' can be stored in 'storebase'
   */
  static ast_value *parse_typename(parser_t *parser, ast_value **storebase, ast_value *cached_typedef, bool *is_vararg)
  {
      ast_value *var, *tmp;
      lex_ctx_t    ctx;
  
      const char *name = nullptr;
      bool        isfield  = false;
      bool        wasarray = false;
      size_t      morefields = 0;
  
      bool        vararg = (parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS);
  
      ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
  
      /* types may start with a dot */
      if (parser->tok == '.' || parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS) {
          isfield = true;
          if (parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS)
              morefields += 2;
          /* if we parsed a dot we need a typename now */
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected typename for field definition");
              return nullptr;
          }
  
          /* Further dots are handled seperately because they won't be part of the
           * basetype
           */
          while (true) {
              if (parser->tok == '.')
                  ++morefields;
              else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS)
                  morefields += 3;
              else
                  break;
              vararg = false;
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected typename for field definition");
                  return nullptr;
              }
          }
      }
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT)
          cached_typedef = parser_find_typedef(parser, parser_tokval(parser), 0);
      if (!cached_typedef && parser->tok != TOKEN_TYPENAME) {
          if (vararg && is_vararg) {
              *is_vararg = true;
              return nullptr;
          }
          parseerror(parser, "expected typename");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      /* generate the basic type value */
      if (cached_typedef) {
          var = new ast_value(ast_copy_type, *cached_typedef);
          var->m_name = "<type(from_def)>";
      } else
          var = new ast_value(ctx, "<type>", parser_token(parser)->constval.t);
  
      for (; morefields; --morefields) {
          tmp = new ast_value(ctx, "<.type>", TYPE_FIELD);
          tmp->m_next = var;
          var = tmp;
      }
  
      /* do not yet turn into a field - remember:
       * .void() foo; is a field too
       * .void()() foo; is a function
       */
  
      /* parse on */
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          delete var;
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after typename");
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      /* an opening paren now starts the parameter-list of a function
       * this is where original-QC has parameter lists.
       * We allow a single parameter list here.
       * Much like fteqcc we don't allow `float()() x`
       */
      if (parser->tok == '(') {
          var = parse_parameter_list(parser, var);
          if (!var)
              return nullptr;
      }
  
      /* store the base if requested */
      if (storebase) {
          *storebase = new ast_value(ast_copy_type, *var);
          if (isfield) {
              tmp = new ast_value(ctx, "<type:f>", TYPE_FIELD);
              tmp->m_next = *storebase;
              *storebase = tmp;
          }
      }
  
      /* there may be a name now */
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT || parser->tok == TOKEN_KEYWORD) {
          if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "break"))
              (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_BREAKDEF, "break definition ignored (suggest removing it)");
          else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_KEYWORD)
              goto leave;
  
          name = util_strdup(parser_tokval(parser));
  
          /* parse on */
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              delete var;
              mem_d(name);
              parseerror(parser, "error after variable or field declaration");
              return nullptr;
          }
      }
  
      leave:
      /* now this may be an array */
      if (parser->tok == '[') {
          wasarray = true;
          var = parse_arraysize(parser, var);
          if (!var) {
              if (name) mem_d(name);
              return nullptr;
          }
      }
  
      /* This is the point where we can turn it into a field */
      if (isfield) {
          /* turn it into a field if desired */
          tmp = new ast_value(ctx, "<type:f>", TYPE_FIELD);
          tmp->m_next = var;
          var = tmp;
      }
  
      /* now there may be function parens again */
      if (parser->tok == '(' && OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC)
          parseerror(parser, "C-style function syntax is not allowed in -std=qcc");
      if (parser->tok == '(' && wasarray)
          parseerror(parser, "arrays as part of a return type is not supported");
      while (parser->tok == '(') {
          var = parse_parameter_list(parser, var);
          if (!var) {
              if (name) mem_d(name);
              return nullptr;
          }
      }
  
      /* finally name it */
      if (name) {
          var->m_name = name;
          // free the name, ast_value_set_name duplicates
          mem_d(name);
      }
  
      return var;
  }
  
  static bool parse_typedef(parser_t *parser)
  {
      ast_value      *typevar, *oldtype;
      ast_expression *old;
  
      typevar = parse_typename(parser, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
  
      if (!typevar)
          return false;
  
      // while parsing types, the ast_value's get named '<something>'
      if (!typevar->m_name.length() || typevar->m_name[0] == '<') {
          parseerror(parser, "missing name in typedef");
          delete typevar;
          return false;
      }
  
      if ( (old = parser_find_var(parser, typevar->m_name)) ) {
          parseerror(parser, "cannot define a type with the same name as a variable: %s\n"
                     " -> `%s` has been declared here: %s:%i",
                     typevar->m_name, old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line);
          delete typevar;
          return false;
      }
  
      if ( (oldtype = parser_find_typedef(parser, typevar->m_name, parser->_blocktypedefs.back())) ) {
          parseerror(parser, "type `%s` has already been declared here: %s:%i",
                     typevar->m_name, oldtype->m_context.file, oldtype->m_context.line);
          delete typevar;
          return false;
      }
  
      parser->_typedefs.emplace_back(typevar);
      util_htset(parser->typedefs.back(), typevar->m_name.c_str(), typevar);
  
      if (parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after typedef");
          return false;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after typedef");
          return false;
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  static const char *cvq_to_str(int cvq) {
      switch (cvq) {
          case CV_NONE:  return "none";
          case CV_VAR:   return "`var`";
          case CV_CONST: return "`const`";
          default:       return "<INVALID>";
      }
  }
  
  static bool parser_check_qualifiers(parser_t *parser, const ast_value *var, const ast_value *proto)
  {
      bool av, ao;
      if (proto->m_cvq != var->m_cvq) {
          if (!(proto->m_cvq == CV_CONST && var->m_cvq == CV_NONE &&
                !OPTS_FLAG(INITIALIZED_NONCONSTANTS) &&
                parser->tok == '='))
          {
              return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_DIFFERENT_QUALIFIERS,
                                   "`%s` declared with different qualifiers: %s\n"
                                   " -> previous declaration here: %s:%i uses %s",
                                   var->m_name, cvq_to_str(var->m_cvq),
                                   proto->m_context.file, proto->m_context.line,
                                   cvq_to_str(proto->m_cvq));
          }
      }
      av = (var  ->m_flags & AST_FLAG_NORETURN);
      ao = (proto->m_flags & AST_FLAG_NORETURN);
      if (!av != !ao) {
          return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_DIFFERENT_ATTRIBUTES,
                               "`%s` declared with different attributes%s\n"
                               " -> previous declaration here: %s:%i",
                               var->m_name, (av ? ": noreturn" : ""),
                               proto->m_context.file, proto->m_context.line,
                               (ao ? ": noreturn" : ""));
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool create_array_accessors(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
  {
      char name[1024];
      util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##SET", var->m_name.c_str());
      if (!parser_create_array_setter(parser, var, name))
          return false;
      util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##GET", var->m_name.c_str());
      if (!parser_create_array_getter(parser, var, var->m_next, name))
          return false;
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_array(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array)
  {
      size_t i;
      if (array->m_initlist.size()) {
          parseerror(parser, "array already initialized elsewhere");
          return false;
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error in array initializer");
          return false;
      }
      i = 0;
      while (parser->tok != '}') {
          ast_value *v = (ast_value*)parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
          if (!v)
              return false;
          if (!ast_istype(v, ast_value) || !v->m_hasvalue || v->m_cvq != CV_CONST) {
              ast_unref(v);
              parseerror(parser, "initializing element must be a compile time constant");
              return false;
          }
          array->m_initlist.push_back(v->m_constval);
          if (v->m_vtype == TYPE_STRING) {
              array->m_initlist[i].vstring = util_strdupe(array->m_initlist[i].vstring);
              ++i;
          }
          ast_unref(v);
          if (parser->tok == '}')
              break;
          if (parser->tok != ',' || !parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected comma or '}' in element list");
              return false;
          }
      }
      if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ';') {
          parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after initializer, got %s");
          return false;
      }
      /*
      if (!parser_next(parser)) {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error after initializer");
          return false;
      }
      */
  
      if (array->m_flags & AST_FLAG_ARRAY_INIT) {
          if (array->m_count != (size_t)-1) {
              parseerror(parser, "array `%s' has already been initialized with %u elements",
                         array->m_name, (unsigned)array->m_count);
          }
          array->m_count = array->m_initlist.size();
          if (!create_array_accessors(parser, array))
              return false;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofields, int qualifier, ast_value *cached_typedef, bool noref, bool is_static, uint32_t qflags, char *vstring)
  {
      ast_value *var;
      ast_value *proto;
      ast_expression *old;
      bool       was_end;
      size_t     i;
  
      ast_value *basetype = nullptr;
      bool      retval    = true;
      bool      isparam   = false;
      bool      isvector  = false;
      bool      cleanvar  = true;
      bool      wasarray  = false;
  
      ast_member *me[3] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
      ast_member *last_me[3] = { nullptr, nullptr, nullptr };
  
      if (!localblock && is_static)
          parseerror(parser, "`static` qualifier is not supported in global scope");
  
      /* get the first complete variable */
      var = parse_typename(parser, &basetype, cached_typedef, nullptr);
      if (!var) {
          if (basetype)
              delete basetype;
          return false;
      }
  
      /* while parsing types, the ast_value's get named '<something>' */
      if (!var->m_name.length() || var->m_name[0] == '<') {
          parseerror(parser, "declaration does not declare anything");
          if (basetype)
              delete basetype;
          return false;
      }
  
      while (true) {
          proto = nullptr;
          wasarray = false;
  
          /* Part 0: finish the type */
          if (parser->tok == '(') {
              if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC)
                  parseerror(parser, "C-style function syntax is not allowed in -std=qcc");
              var = parse_parameter_list(parser, var);
              if (!var) {
                  retval = false;
                  goto cleanup;
              }
          }
          /* we only allow 1-dimensional arrays */
          if (parser->tok == '[') {
              wasarray = true;
              var = parse_arraysize(parser, var);
              if (!var) {
                  retval = false;
                  goto cleanup;
              }
          }
          if (parser->tok == '(' && wasarray) {
              parseerror(parser, "arrays as part of a return type is not supported");
              /* we'll still parse the type completely for now */
          }
          /* for functions returning functions */
          while (parser->tok == '(') {
              if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC)
                  parseerror(parser, "C-style function syntax is not allowed in -std=qcc");
              var = parse_parameter_list(parser, var);
              if (!var) {
                  retval = false;
                  goto cleanup;
              }
          }
  
          var->m_cvq = qualifier;
          if (qflags & AST_FLAG_COVERAGE) /* specified in QC, drop our default */
              var->m_flags &= ~(AST_FLAG_COVERAGE_MASK);
          var->m_flags |= qflags;
  
          /*
           * store the vstring back to var for alias and
           * deprecation messages.
           */
          if (var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED || var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_ALIAS)
              var->m_desc = vstring;
  
          if (parser_find_global(parser, var->m_name) && var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_ALIAS) {
              parseerror(parser, "function aliases cannot be forward declared");
              retval = false;
              goto cleanup;
          }
  
  
          /* Part 1:
           * check for validity: (end_sys_..., multiple-definitions, prototypes, ...)
           * Also: if there was a prototype, `var` will be deleted and set to `proto` which
           * is then filled with the previous definition and the parameter-names replaced.
           */
          if (var->m_name == "nil") {
              if (OPTS_FLAG(UNTYPED_NIL)) {
                  if (!localblock || !OPTS_FLAG(PERMISSIVE))
                      parseerror(parser, "name `nil` not allowed (try -fpermissive)");
              } else
                  (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_RESERVED_NAMES, "variable name `nil` is reserved");
          }
          if (!localblock) {
              /* Deal with end_sys_ vars */
              was_end = false;
              if (var->m_name == "end_sys_globals") {
                  var->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
                  parser->crc_globals = parser->globals.size();
                  was_end = true;
              }
              else if (var->m_name == "end_sys_fields") {
                  var->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
                  parser->crc_fields = parser->fields.size();
                  was_end = true;
              }
              if (was_end && var->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD) {
                  if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_END_SYS_FIELDS,
                                   "global '%s' hint should not be a field",
                                   parser_tokval(parser)))
                  {
                      retval = false;
                      goto cleanup;
                  }
              }
  
              if (!nofields && var->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD)
              {
                  /* deal with field declarations */
                  old = parser_find_field(parser, var->m_name);
                  if (old) {
                      if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_FIELD_REDECLARED, "field `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                                       var->m_name, old->m_context.file, (int)old->m_context.line))
                      {
                          retval = false;
                          goto cleanup;
                      }
                      delete var;
                      var = nullptr;
                      goto skipvar;
                      /*
                      parseerror(parser, "field `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                                 var->m_name, old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line);
                      retval = false;
                      goto cleanup;
                      */
                  }
                  if ((OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC || OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_FTEQCC) &&
                      (old = parser_find_global(parser, var->m_name)))
                  {
                      parseerror(parser, "cannot declare a field and a global of the same name with -std=qcc");
                      parseerror(parser, "field `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                                 var->m_name, old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line);
                      retval = false;
                      goto cleanup;
                  }
              }
              else
              {
                  /* deal with other globals */
                  old = parser_find_global(parser, var->m_name);
                  if (old && var->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION && old->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                  {
                      /* This is a function which had a prototype */
                      if (!ast_istype(old, ast_value)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "internal error: prototype is not an ast_value");
                          retval = false;
                          goto cleanup;
                      }
                      proto = (ast_value*)old;
                      proto->m_desc = var->m_desc;
                      if (!proto->compareType(*var)) {
                          parseerror(parser, "conflicting types for `%s`, previous declaration was here: %s:%i",
                                     proto->m_name,
                                     proto->m_context.file, proto->m_context.line);
                          retval = false;
                          goto cleanup;
                      }
                      /* we need the new parameter-names */
                      for (i = 0; i < proto->m_type_params.size(); ++i)
                          proto->m_type_params[i]->m_name = var->m_type_params[i]->m_name;
                      if (!parser_check_qualifiers(parser, var, proto)) {
                          retval = false;
                          proto = nullptr;
                          goto cleanup;
                      }
                      proto->m_flags |= var->m_flags;
                      delete var;
                      var = proto;
                  }
                  else
                  {
                      /* other globals */
                      if (old) {
                          if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_DOUBLE_DECLARATION,
                                           "global `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                                           var->m_name, old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line))
                          {
                              retval = false;
                              goto cleanup;
                          }
                          if (old->m_flags & AST_FLAG_FINAL_DECL) {
                              parseerror(parser, "cannot redeclare variable `%s`, declared final here: %s:%i",
                                         var->m_name, old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line);
                              retval = false;
                              goto cleanup;
                          }
                          proto = (ast_value*)old;
                          if (!ast_istype(old, ast_value)) {
                              parseerror(parser, "internal error: not an ast_value");
                              retval = false;
                              proto = nullptr;
                              goto cleanup;
                          }
                          if (!parser_check_qualifiers(parser, var, proto)) {
                              retval = false;
                              proto = nullptr;
                              goto cleanup;
                          }
                          proto->m_flags |= var->m_flags;
                          /* copy the context for finals,
                           * so the error can show where it was actually made 'final'
                           */
                          if (proto->m_flags & AST_FLAG_FINAL_DECL)
                              old->m_context = var->m_context;
                          delete var;
                          var = proto;
                      }
                      if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC &&
                          (old = parser_find_field(parser, var->m_name)))
                      {
                          parseerror(parser, "cannot declare a field and a global of the same name with -std=qcc");
                          parseerror(parser, "global `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                                     var->m_name, old->m_context.file, old->m_context.line);
                          retval = false;
                          goto cleanup;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          else /* it's not a global */
          {
              old = parser_find_local(parser, var->m_name, parser->variables.size()-1, &isparam);
              if (old && !isparam) {
                  parseerror(parser, "local `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                             var->m_name, old->m_context.file, (int)old->m_context.line);
                  retval = false;
                  goto cleanup;
              }
              /* doing this here as the above is just for a single scope */
              old = parser_find_local(parser, var->m_name, 0, &isparam);
              if (old && isparam) {
                  if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_LOCAL_SHADOWS,
                                   "local `%s` is shadowing a parameter", var->m_name))
                  {
                      parseerror(parser, "local `%s` already declared here: %s:%i",
                                 var->m_name, old->m_context.file, (int)old->m_context.line);
                      retval = false;
                      goto cleanup;
                  }
                  if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) != COMPILER_GMQCC) {
                      delete var;
                      if (ast_istype(old, ast_value))
                          var = proto = (ast_value*)old;
                      else {
                          var = nullptr;
                          goto skipvar;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
  
          if (noref || parser->noref)
              var->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
  
          /* Part 2:
           * Create the global/local, and deal with vector types.
           */
          if (!proto) {
              if (var->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                  isvector = true;
              else if (var->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
                       var->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                  isvector = true;
  
              if (isvector) {
                  if (!create_vector_members(var, me)) {
                      retval = false;
                      goto cleanup;
                  }
              }
  
              if (!localblock) {
                  /* deal with global variables, fields, functions */
                  if (!nofields && var->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD && parser->tok != '=') {
                      var->m_isfield = true;
                      parser->fields.push_back(var);
                      util_htset(parser->htfields, var->m_name.c_str(), var);
                      if (isvector) {
                          for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                              parser->fields.push_back(me[i]);
                              util_htset(parser->htfields, me[i]->m_name.c_str(), me[i]);
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  else {
                      if (!(var->m_flags & AST_FLAG_ALIAS)) {
                          parser_addglobal(parser, var->m_name, var);
                          if (isvector) {
                              for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                                  parser_addglobal(parser, me[i]->m_name.c_str(), me[i]);
                              }
                          }
                      } else {
                          ast_expression *find  = parser_find_global(parser, var->m_desc);
  
                          if (!find) {
                              compile_error(parser_ctx(parser), "undeclared variable `%s` for alias `%s`", var->m_desc, var->m_name);
                              return false;
                          }
  
                          if (!var->compareType(*find)) {
                              char ty1[1024];
                              char ty2[1024];
  
                              ast_type_to_string(find, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                              ast_type_to_string(var,  ty2, sizeof(ty2));
  
                              compile_error(parser_ctx(parser), "incompatible types `%s` and `%s` for alias `%s`",
                                  ty1, ty2, var->m_name
                              );
                              return false;
                          }
  
                          util_htset(parser->aliases, var->m_name.c_str(), find);
  
                          /* generate aliases for vector components */
                          if (isvector) {
                              char *buffer[3];
  
                              util_asprintf(&buffer[0], "%s_x", var->m_desc.c_str());
                              util_asprintf(&buffer[1], "%s_y", var->m_desc.c_str());
                              util_asprintf(&buffer[2], "%s_z", var->m_desc.c_str());
  
                              util_htset(parser->aliases, me[0]->m_name.c_str(), parser_find_global(parser, buffer[0]));
                              util_htset(parser->aliases, me[1]->m_name.c_str(), parser_find_global(parser, buffer[1]));
                              util_htset(parser->aliases, me[2]->m_name.c_str(), parser_find_global(parser, buffer[2]));
  
                              mem_d(buffer[0]);
                              mem_d(buffer[1]);
                              mem_d(buffer[2]);
                          }
                      }
                  }
              } else {
                  if (is_static) {
                      // a static adds itself to be generated like any other global
                      // but is added to the local namespace instead
                      std::string defname;
                      size_t  prefix_len;
                      size_t  sn, sn_size;
  
                      defname = parser->function->m_name;
                      defname.append(2, ':');
  
                      // remember the length up to here
                      prefix_len = defname.length();
  
                      // Add it to the local scope
                      util_htset(parser->variables.back(), var->m_name.c_str(), (void*)var);
  
                      // now rename the global
                      defname.append(var->m_name);
                      // if a variable of that name already existed, add the
                      // counter value.
                      // The counter is incremented either way.
                      sn_size = parser->function->m_static_names.size();
                      for (sn = 0; sn != sn_size; ++sn) {
                          if (parser->function->m_static_names[sn] == var->m_name.c_str())
                              break;
                      }
                      if (sn != sn_size) {
                          char *num = nullptr;
                          int   len = util_asprintf(&num, "#%u", parser->function->m_static_count);
                          defname.append(num, 0, len);
                          mem_d(num);
                      }
                      else
                          parser->function->m_static_names.emplace_back(var->m_name);
                      parser->function->m_static_count++;
                      var->m_name = defname;
  
                      // push it to the to-be-generated globals
                      parser->globals.push_back(var);
  
                      // same game for the vector members
                      if (isvector) {
                          defname.erase(prefix_len);
                          for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                              util_htset(parser->variables.back(), me[i]->m_name.c_str(), (void*)(me[i]));
                              me[i]->m_name = defname + me[i]->m_name;
                              parser->globals.push_back(me[i]);
                          }
                      }
                  } else {
                      localblock->m_locals.push_back(var);
                      parser_addlocal(parser, var->m_name, var);
                      if (isvector) {
                          for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                              parser_addlocal(parser, me[i]->m_name, me[i]);
                              localblock->collect(me[i]);
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          memcpy(last_me, me, sizeof(me));
          me[0] = me[1] = me[2] = nullptr;
          cleanvar = false;
          /* Part 2.2
           * deal with arrays
           */
          if (var->m_vtype == TYPE_ARRAY) {
              if (var->m_count != (size_t)-1) {
                  if (!create_array_accessors(parser, var))
                      goto cleanup;
              }
          }
          else if (!localblock && !nofields &&
                   var->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
                   var->m_next->m_vtype == TYPE_ARRAY)
          {
              char name[1024];
              ast_expression *telem;
              ast_value      *tfield;
              ast_value      *array = (ast_value*)var->m_next;
  
              if (!ast_istype(var->m_next, ast_value)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "internal error: field element type must be an ast_value");
                  goto cleanup;
              }
  
              util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##SETF", var->m_name.c_str());
              if (!parser_create_array_field_setter(parser, array, name))
                  goto cleanup;
  
              telem = new ast_expression(ast_copy_type, var->m_context, *array->m_next);
              tfield = new ast_value(var->m_context, "<.type>", TYPE_FIELD);
              tfield->m_next = telem;
              util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##GETFP", var->m_name.c_str());
              if (!parser_create_array_getter(parser, array, tfield, name)) {
                  delete tfield;
                  goto cleanup;
              }
              delete tfield;
          }
  
  skipvar:
          if (parser->tok == ';') {
              delete basetype;
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "error after variable declaration");
                  return false;
              }
              return true;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok == ',')
              goto another;
  
          /*
          if (!var || (!localblock && !nofields && basetype->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD)) {
          */
          if (!var) {
              parseerror(parser, "missing comma or semicolon while parsing variables");
              break;
          }
  
          if (localblock && OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC) {
              if (parsewarning(parser, WARN_LOCAL_CONSTANTS,
                               "initializing expression turns variable `%s` into a constant in this standard",
                               var->m_name) )
              {
                  break;
              }
          }
  
          if (parser->tok != '{' || var->m_vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
              if (parser->tok != '=') {
                  parseerror(parser, "missing semicolon or initializer, got: `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
                  break;
              }
  
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "error parsing initializer");
                  break;
              }
          }
          else if (OPTS_OPTION_U32(OPTION_STANDARD) == COMPILER_QCC) {
              parseerror(parser, "expected '=' before function body in this standard");
          }
  
          if (parser->tok == '#') {
              ast_function *func   = nullptr;
              ast_value    *number = nullptr;
              float         fractional;
              float         integral;
              int           builtin_num;
  
              if (localblock) {
                  parseerror(parser, "cannot declare builtins within functions");
                  break;
              }
              if (var->m_vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
                  parseerror(parser, "unexpected builtin number, '%s' is not a function", var->m_name);
                  break;
              }
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected builtin number");
                  break;
              }
  
              if (OPTS_FLAG(EXPRESSIONS_FOR_BUILTINS)) {
                  number = (ast_value*)parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
                  if (!number) {
                      parseerror(parser, "builtin number expected");
                      break;
                  }
                  if (!ast_istype(number, ast_value) || !number->m_hasvalue || number->m_cvq != CV_CONST)
                  {
                      ast_unref(number);
                      parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be a compile time constant");
                      break;
                  }
                  if (number->m_vtype == TYPE_INTEGER)
                      builtin_num = number->m_constval.vint;
                  else if (number->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                      builtin_num = number->m_constval.vfloat;
                  else {
                      ast_unref(number);
                      parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be an integer constant");
                      break;
                  }
                  ast_unref(number);
  
                  fractional = modff(builtin_num, &integral);
                  if (builtin_num < 0 || fractional != 0) {
                      parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be an integer greater than zero");
                      break;
                  }
  
                  /* we only want the integral part anyways */
                  builtin_num = integral;
              } else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_INTCONST) {
                  builtin_num = parser_token(parser)->constval.i;
              } else {
                  parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be a compile time constant");
                  break;
              }
  
              if (var->m_hasvalue) {
                  (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_DOUBLE_DECLARATION,
                                      "builtin `%s` has already been defined\n"
                                      " -> previous declaration here: %s:%i",
                                      var->m_name, var->m_context.file, (int)var->m_context.line);
              }
              else
              {
                  func = ast_function::make(var->m_context, var->m_name, var);
                  if (!func) {
                      parseerror(parser, "failed to allocate function for `%s`", var->m_name);
                      break;
                  }
                  parser->functions.push_back(func);
  
                  func->m_builtin = -builtin_num-1;
              }
  
              if (OPTS_FLAG(EXPRESSIONS_FOR_BUILTINS)
                      ? (parser->tok != ',' && parser->tok != ';')
                      : (!parser_next(parser)))
              {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected comma or semicolon");
                  delete func;
                  var->m_constval.vfunc = nullptr;
                  break;
              }
          }
          else if (var->m_vtype == TYPE_ARRAY && parser->tok == '{')
          {
              if (localblock) {
                  /* Note that fteqcc and most others don't even *have*
                   * local arrays, so this is not a high priority.
                   */
                  parseerror(parser, "TODO: initializers for local arrays");
                  break;
              }
  
              var->m_hasvalue = true;
              if (!parse_array(parser, var))
                  break;
          }
          else if (var->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION && (parser->tok == '{' || parser->tok == '['))
          {
              if (localblock) {
                  parseerror(parser, "cannot declare functions within functions");
                  break;
              }
  
              if (proto)
                  proto->m_context = parser_ctx(parser);
  
              if (!parse_function_body(parser, var))
                  break;
              delete basetype;
              for (auto &it : parser->gotos)
                  parseerror(parser, "undefined label: `%s`", it->m_name);
              parser->gotos.clear();
              parser->labels.clear();
              return true;
          } else {
              ast_expression *cexp;
              ast_value      *cval;
              bool            folded_const = false;
  
              cexp = parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
              if (!cexp)
                  break;
              cval = ast_istype(cexp, ast_value) ? (ast_value*)cexp : nullptr;
  
              /* deal with foldable constants: */
              if (localblock &&
                  var->m_cvq == CV_CONST && cval && cval->m_hasvalue && cval->m_cvq == CV_CONST && !cval->m_isfield)
              {
                  /* remove it from the current locals */
                  if (isvector) {
                      for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
                          parser->_locals.pop_back();
                          localblock->m_collect.pop_back();
                      }
                  }
                  /* do sanity checking, this function really needs refactoring */
                  if (parser->_locals.back() != var)
                      parseerror(parser, "internal error: unexpected change in local variable handling");
                  else
                      parser->_locals.pop_back();
                  if (localblock->m_locals.back() != var)
                      parseerror(parser, "internal error: unexpected change in local variable handling (2)");
                  else
                      localblock->m_locals.pop_back();
                  /* push it to the to-be-generated globals */
                  parser->globals.push_back(var);
                  if (isvector)
                      for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
                          parser->globals.push_back(last_me[i]);
                  folded_const = true;
              }
  
              if (folded_const || !localblock || is_static) {
                  if (cval != parser->nil &&
                      (!cval || ((!cval->m_hasvalue || cval->m_cvq != CV_CONST) && !cval->m_isfield))
                     )
                  {
                      parseerror(parser, "initializer is non constant");
                  }
                  else
                  {
                      if (!is_static &&
                          !OPTS_FLAG(INITIALIZED_NONCONSTANTS) &&
                          qualifier != CV_VAR)
                      {
                          var->m_cvq = CV_CONST;
                      }
                      if (cval == parser->nil)
                      {
                          var->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_INITIALIZED;
                          var->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
                      }
                      else
                      {
                          var->m_hasvalue = true;
                          if (cval->m_vtype == TYPE_STRING)
                              var->m_constval.vstring = parser_strdup(cval->m_constval.vstring);
                          else if (cval->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD)
                              var->m_constval.vfield = cval;
                          else
                              memcpy(&var->m_constval, &cval->m_constval, sizeof(var->m_constval));
                          ast_unref(cval);
                      }
                  }
              } else {
                  int cvq;
                  shunt sy;
                  cvq = var->m_cvq;
                  var->m_cvq = CV_NONE;
                  sy.out.push_back(syexp(var->m_context, var));
                  sy.out.push_back(syexp(cexp->m_context, cexp));
                  sy.ops.push_back(syop(var->m_context, parser->assign_op));
                  if (!parser_sy_apply_operator(parser, &sy))
                      ast_unref(cexp);
                  else {
                      if (sy.out.size() != 1 && sy.ops.size() != 0)
                          parseerror(parser, "internal error: leaked operands");
                      if (!localblock->addExpr(sy.out[0].out))
                          break;
                  }
                  var->m_cvq = cvq;
              }
              /* a constant initialized to an inexact value should be marked inexact:
               * const float x = <inexact>; should propagate the inexact flag
               */
              if (var->m_cvq == CV_CONST && var->m_vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) {
                  if (cval && cval->m_hasvalue && cval->m_cvq == CV_CONST)
                      var->m_inexact = cval->m_inexact;
              }
          }
  
  another:
          if (parser->tok == ',') {
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected another variable");
                  break;
              }
  
              if (parser->tok != TOKEN_IDENT) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected another variable");
                  break;
              }
              var = new ast_value(ast_copy_type, *basetype);
              cleanvar = true;
              var->m_name = parser_tokval(parser);
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "error parsing variable declaration");
                  break;
              }
              continue;
          }
  
          if (parser->tok != ';') {
              parseerror(parser, "missing semicolon after variables");
              break;
          }
  
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "parse error after variable declaration");
              break;
          }
  
          delete basetype;
          return true;
      }
  
      if (cleanvar && var)
          delete var;
      delete basetype;
      return false;
  
  cleanup:
      delete basetype;
      if (cleanvar && var)
          delete var;
      delete me[0];
      delete me[1];
      delete me[2];
      return retval;
  }
  
  static bool parser_global_statement(parser_t *parser)
  {
      int        cvq       = CV_WRONG;
      bool       noref     = false;
      bool       is_static = false;
      uint32_t   qflags    = 0;
      ast_value *istype    = nullptr;
      char      *vstring   = nullptr;
  
      if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT)
          istype = parser_find_typedef(parser, parser_tokval(parser), 0);
  
      if (istype || parser->tok == TOKEN_TYPENAME || parser->tok == '.' || parser->tok == TOKEN_DOTS)
      {
          return parse_variable(parser, nullptr, false, CV_NONE, istype, false, false, 0, nullptr);
      }
      else if (parse_qualifiers(parser, false, &cvq, &noref, &is_static, &qflags, &vstring))
      {
          if (cvq == CV_WRONG)
              return false;
          return parse_variable(parser, nullptr, false, cvq, nullptr, noref, is_static, qflags, vstring);
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_IDENT && !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "enum"))
      {
          return parse_enum(parser);
      }
      else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_KEYWORD)
      {
          if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "typedef")) {
              if (!parser_next(parser)) {
                  parseerror(parser, "expected type definition after 'typedef'");
                  return false;
              }
              return parse_typedef(parser);
          }
          parseerror(parser, "unrecognized keyword `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
          return false;
      }
      else if (parser->tok == '#')
      {
          return parse_pragma(parser);
      }
      else if (parser->tok == '$')
      {
          if (!parser_next(parser)) {
              parseerror(parser, "parse error");
              return false;
          }
      }
      else
      {
          parseerror(parser, "unexpected token: `%s`", parser->lex->tok.value);
          return false;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  static uint16_t progdefs_crc_sum(uint16_t old, const char *str)
  {
      return util_crc16(old, str, strlen(str));
  }
  
  static void progdefs_crc_file(const char *str)
  {
      /* write to progdefs.h here */
      (void)str;
  }
  
  static uint16_t progdefs_crc_both(uint16_t old, const char *str)
  {
      old = progdefs_crc_sum(old, str);
      progdefs_crc_file(str);
      return old;
  }
  
  static void generate_checksum(parser_t *parser, ir_builder *ir)
  {
      uint16_t   crc = 0xFFFF;
      size_t     i;
      ast_value *value;
  
      crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\n/* file generated by qcc, do not modify */\n\ntypedef struct\n{");
      crc = progdefs_crc_sum(crc, "\tint\tpad[28];\n");
      /*
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tpad;\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_return[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm0[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm1[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm2[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm3[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm4[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm5[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm6[3];\n");
      progdefs_crc_file("\tint\tofs_parm7[3];\n");
      */
      for (i = 0; i < parser->crc_globals; ++i) {
          if (!ast_istype(parser->globals[i], ast_value))
              continue;
          value = (ast_value*)(parser->globals[i]);
          switch (value->m_vtype) {
              case TYPE_FLOAT:    crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tfloat\t"); break;
              case TYPE_VECTOR:   crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tvec3_t\t"); break;
              case TYPE_STRING:   crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tstring_t\t"); break;
              case TYPE_FUNCTION: crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tfunc_t\t"); break;
              default:
                  crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tint\t");
                  break;
          }
          crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, value->m_name.c_str());
          crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, ";\n");
      }
      crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "} globalvars_t;\n\ntypedef struct\n{\n");
      for (i = 0; i < parser->crc_fields; ++i) {
          if (!ast_istype(parser->fields[i], ast_value))
              continue;
          value = (ast_value*)(parser->fields[i]);
          switch (value->m_next->m_vtype) {
              case TYPE_FLOAT:    crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tfloat\t"); break;
              case TYPE_VECTOR:   crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tvec3_t\t"); break;
              case TYPE_STRING:   crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tstring_t\t"); break;
              case TYPE_FUNCTION: crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tfunc_t\t"); break;
              default:
                  crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tint\t");
                  break;
          }
          crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, value->m_name.c_str());
          crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, ";\n");
      }
      crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "} entvars_t;\n\n");
      ir->m_code->crc = crc;
  }
  
  parser_t::parser_t()
      : lex(nullptr)
      , tok(0)
      , ast_cleaned(false)
      , translated(0)
      , crc_globals(0)
      , crc_fields(0)
      , function(nullptr)
      , aliases(util_htnew(PARSER_HT_SIZE))
      , htfields(util_htnew(PARSER_HT_SIZE))
      , htglobals(util_htnew(PARSER_HT_SIZE))
      , assign_op(nullptr)
      , noref(false)
      , max_param_count(1)
      // finish initializing the rest of the parser before initializing
      // m_fold and m_intrin with the parser passed along
      , m_fold()
      , m_intrin()
  {
      variables.push_back(htfields);
      variables.push_back(htglobals);
      typedefs.push_back(util_htnew(TYPEDEF_HT_SIZE));
      _blocktypedefs.push_back(0);
  
      lex_ctx_t empty_ctx;
      empty_ctx.file   = "<internal>";
      empty_ctx.line   = 0;
      empty_ctx.column = 0;
      nil = new ast_value(empty_ctx, "nil", TYPE_NIL);
      nil->m_cvq = CV_CONST;
      if (OPTS_FLAG(UNTYPED_NIL))
          util_htset(htglobals, "nil", (void*)nil);
  
      const_vec[0] = new ast_value(empty_ctx, "<vector.x>", TYPE_NOEXPR);
      const_vec[1] = new ast_value(empty_ctx, "<vector.y>", TYPE_NOEXPR);
      const_vec[2] = new ast_value(empty_ctx, "<vector.z>", TYPE_NOEXPR);
  
      if (OPTS_OPTION_BOOL(OPTION_ADD_INFO)) {
          reserved_version = new ast_value(empty_ctx, "reserved:version", TYPE_STRING);
          reserved_version->m_cvq = CV_CONST;
          reserved_version->m_hasvalue = true;
          reserved_version->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_INCLUDE_DEF;
          reserved_version->m_flags |= AST_FLAG_NOREF;
          reserved_version->m_constval.vstring = util_strdup(GMQCC_FULL_VERSION_STRING);
      } else {
          reserved_version = nullptr;
      }
  
      m_fold = fold(this);
      m_intrin = intrin(this);
  }
  
  parser_t::~parser_t()
  {
      remove_ast();
  }
  
  parser_t *parser_create()
  {
      parser_t *parser;
      size_t i;
  
      parser = new parser_t;
      if (!parser)
          return nullptr;
  
      for (i = 0; i < operator_count; ++i) {
          if (operators[i].id == opid1('=')) {
              parser->assign_op = operators+i;
              break;
          }
      }
      if (!parser->assign_op) {
          con_err("internal error: initializing parser: failed to find assign operator\n");
          delete parser;
          return nullptr;
      }
  
      return parser;
  }
  
  static bool parser_compile(parser_t *parser)
  {
      /* initial lexer/parser state */
      parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
  
      if (parser_next(parser))
      {
          while (parser->tok != TOKEN_EOF && parser->tok < TOKEN_ERROR)
          {
              if (!parser_global_statement(parser)) {
                  if (parser->tok == TOKEN_EOF)
                      parseerror(parser, "unexpected end of file");
                  else if (compile_errors)
                      parseerror(parser, "there have been errors, bailing out");
                  lex_close(parser->lex);
                  parser->lex = nullptr;
                  return false;
              }
          }
      } else {
          parseerror(parser, "parse error");
          lex_close(parser->lex);
          parser->lex = nullptr;
          return false;
      }
  
      lex_close(parser->lex);
      parser->lex = nullptr;
  
      return !compile_errors;
  }
  
  bool parser_compile_file(parser_t *parser, const char *filename)
  {
      parser->lex = lex_open(filename);
      if (!parser->lex) {
          con_err("failed to open file \"%s\"\n", filename);
          return false;
      }
      return parser_compile(parser);
  }
  
  bool parser_compile_string(parser_t *parser, const char *name, const char *str, size_t len)
  {
      parser->lex = lex_open_string(str, len, name);
      if (!parser->lex) {
          con_err("failed to create lexer for string \"%s\"\n", name);
          return false;
      }
      return parser_compile(parser);
  }
  
  void parser_t::remove_ast()
  {
      if (ast_cleaned)
          return;
      ast_cleaned = true;
      for (auto &it : accessors) {
          delete it->m_constval.vfunc;
          it->m_constval.vfunc = nullptr;
          delete it;
      }
      for (auto &it : functions) delete it;
      for (auto &it : globals) delete it;
      for (auto &it : fields) delete it;
  
      for (auto &it : variables) util_htdel(it);
      variables.clear();
      _blocklocals.clear();
      _locals.clear();
  
      _typedefs.clear();
      for (auto &it : typedefs) util_htdel(it);
      typedefs.clear();
      _blocktypedefs.clear();
  
      _block_ctx.clear();
  
      delete nil;
  
      delete const_vec[0];
      delete const_vec[1];
      delete const_vec[2];
  
      if (reserved_version)
          delete reserved_version;
  
      util_htdel(aliases);
  }
  
  static bool parser_set_coverage_func(parser_t *parser, ir_builder *ir) {
      ast_expression *expr;
      ast_value      *cov;
      ast_function   *func;
  
      if (!OPTS_OPTION_BOOL(OPTION_COVERAGE))
          return true;
  
      func = nullptr;
      for (auto &it : parser->functions) {
          if (it->m_name == "coverage") {
              func = it;
              break;
          }
      }
      if (!func) {
          if (OPTS_OPTION_BOOL(OPTION_COVERAGE)) {
              con_out("coverage support requested but no coverage() builtin declared\n");
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
          return true;
      }
  
      cov  = func->m_function_type;
      expr = cov;
  
      if (expr->m_vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION || expr->m_type_params.size()) {
          char ty[1024];
          ast_type_to_string(expr, ty, sizeof(ty));
          con_out("invalid type for coverage(): %s\n", ty);
          delete ir;
          return false;
      }
  
      ir->m_coverage_func = func->m_ir_func->m_value;
      return true;
  }
  
  bool parser_finish(parser_t *parser, const char *output)
  {
      ir_builder *ir;
      bool retval = true;
  
      if (compile_errors) {
          con_out("*** there were compile errors\n");
          return false;
      }
  
      ir = new ir_builder("gmqcc_out");
      if (!ir) {
          con_out("failed to allocate builder\n");
          return false;
      }
  
      for (auto &it : parser->fields) {
          bool hasvalue;
          if (!ast_istype(it, ast_value))
              continue;
          ast_value *field = (ast_value*)it;
          hasvalue = field->m_hasvalue;
          field->m_hasvalue = false;
          if (!reinterpret_cast<ast_value*>(field)->generateGlobal(ir, true)) {
              con_out("failed to generate field %s\n", field->m_name.c_str());
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
          if (hasvalue) {
              ir_value *ifld;
              ast_expression *subtype;
              field->m_hasvalue = true;
              subtype = field->m_next;
              ifld = ir->createField(field->m_name, subtype->m_vtype);
              if (subtype->m_vtype == TYPE_FIELD)
                  ifld->m_fieldtype = subtype->m_next->m_vtype;
              else if (subtype->m_vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                  ifld->m_outtype = subtype->m_next->m_vtype;
              (void)!field->m_ir_v->setField(ifld);
          }
      }
      for (auto &it : parser->globals) {
          ast_value *asvalue;
          if (!ast_istype(it, ast_value))
              continue;
          asvalue = (ast_value*)it;
          if (!(asvalue->m_flags & AST_FLAG_NOREF) && asvalue->m_cvq != CV_CONST && asvalue->m_vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
              retval = retval && !compile_warning(asvalue->m_context, WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE,
                                                  "unused global: `%s`", asvalue->m_name);
          }
          if (!asvalue->generateGlobal(ir, false)) {
              con_out("failed to generate global %s\n", asvalue->m_name.c_str());
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
      }
      /* Build function vararg accessor ast tree now before generating
       * immediates, because the accessors may add new immediates
       */
      for (auto &f : parser->functions) {
          if (f->m_varargs) {
              if (parser->max_param_count > f->m_function_type->m_type_params.size()) {
                  f->m_varargs->m_count = parser->max_param_count - f->m_function_type->m_type_params.size();
                  if (!parser_create_array_setter_impl(parser, f->m_varargs.get())) {
                      con_out("failed to generate vararg setter for %s\n", f->m_name.c_str());
                      delete ir;
                      return false;
                  }
                  if (!parser_create_array_getter_impl(parser, f->m_varargs.get())) {
                      con_out("failed to generate vararg getter for %s\n", f->m_name.c_str());
                      delete ir;
                      return false;
                  }
              } else {
                  f->m_varargs = nullptr;
              }
          }
      }
      /* Now we can generate immediates */
      if (!parser->m_fold.generate(ir))
          return false;
  
      /* before generating any functions we need to set the coverage_func */
      if (!parser_set_coverage_func(parser, ir))
          return false;
      for (auto &it : parser->globals) {
          if (!ast_istype(it, ast_value))
              continue;
          ast_value *asvalue = (ast_value*)it;
          if (!(asvalue->m_flags & AST_FLAG_INITIALIZED))
          {
              if (asvalue->m_cvq == CV_CONST && !asvalue->m_hasvalue)
                  (void)!compile_warning(asvalue->m_context, WARN_UNINITIALIZED_CONSTANT,
                                         "uninitialized constant: `%s`",
                                         asvalue->m_name);
              else if ((asvalue->m_cvq == CV_NONE || asvalue->m_cvq == CV_CONST) && !asvalue->m_hasvalue)
                  (void)!compile_warning(asvalue->m_context, WARN_UNINITIALIZED_GLOBAL,
                                         "uninitialized global: `%s`",
                                         asvalue->m_name);
          }
          if (!asvalue->generateAccessors(ir)) {
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
      }
      for (auto &it : parser->fields) {
          ast_value *asvalue = (ast_value*)it->m_next;
          if (!ast_istype(asvalue, ast_value))
              continue;
          if (asvalue->m_vtype != TYPE_ARRAY)
              continue;
          if (!asvalue->generateAccessors(ir)) {
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
      }
      if (parser->reserved_version &&
          !parser->reserved_version->generateGlobal(ir, false))
      {
          con_out("failed to generate reserved::version");
          delete ir;
          return false;
      }
      for (auto &f : parser->functions) {
          if (!f->generateFunction(ir)) {
              con_out("failed to generate function %s\n", f->m_name.c_str());
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      generate_checksum(parser, ir);
  
      if (OPTS_OPTION_BOOL(OPTION_DUMP))
          ir->dump(con_out);
      for (auto &it : parser->functions) {
          if (!ir_function_finalize(it->m_ir_func)) {
              con_out("failed to finalize function %s\n", it->m_name.c_str());
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
      }
      parser->remove_ast();
  
      auto fnCheckWErrors = [&retval]() {
          if (compile_Werrors) {
              con_out("*** there were warnings treated as errors\n");
              compile_show_werrors();
              retval = false;
          }
      };
  
      fnCheckWErrors();
  
      if (retval) {
          if (OPTS_OPTION_BOOL(OPTION_DUMPFIN))
              ir->dump(con_out);
  
          if (!ir->generate(output)) {
              con_out("*** failed to generate output file\n");
              delete ir;
              return false;
          }
  
          // ir->generate can generate compiler warnings
          fnCheckWErrors();
      }
      delete ir;
      return retval;
  }
  