text: /* See LICENSE for license details. */
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <math.h>
  #include <limits.h>
  #include <locale.h>
  #include <signal.h>
  #include <sys/select.h>
  #include <time.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <libgen.h>
  #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  #include <X11/keysym.h>
  #include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
  #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
  #include <X11/Xresource.h>
  
  char *argv0;
  #include "arg.h"
  #include "st.h"
  #include "win.h"
  
  /* types used in config.h */
  typedef struct {
  	uint mod;
  	KeySym keysym;
  	void (*func)(const Arg *);
  	const Arg arg;
  } Shortcut;
  
  typedef struct {
  	uint mod;
  	uint button;
  	void (*func)(const Arg *);
  	const Arg arg;
  	uint  release;
  } MouseShortcut;
  
  typedef struct {
  	KeySym k;
  	uint mask;
  	char *s;
  	/* three-valued logic variables: 0 indifferent, 1 on, -1 off */
  	signed char appkey;    /* application keypad */
  	signed char appcursor; /* application cursor */
  } Key;
  
  /* Xresources preferences */
  enum resource_type {
  	STRING = 0,
  	INTEGER = 1,
  	FLOAT = 2
  };
  
  typedef struct {
  	char *name;
  	enum resource_type type;
  	void *dst;
  } ResourcePref;
  
  /* X modifiers */
  #define XK_ANY_MOD    UINT_MAX
  #define XK_NO_MOD     0
  #define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1<<13)
  
  /* function definitions used in config.h */
  static void clipcopy(const Arg *);
  static void clippaste(const Arg *);
  static void numlock(const Arg *);
  static void selpaste(const Arg *);
  static void zoom(const Arg *);
  static void zoomabs(const Arg *);
  static void zoomreset(const Arg *);
  static void ttysend(const Arg *);
  
  /* config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
  #include "config.h"
  
  /* XEMBED messages */
  #define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN  4
  #define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5
  
  /* macros */
  #define IS_SET(flag)		((win.mode & (flag)) != 0)
  #define TRUERED(x)		(((x) & 0xff0000) >> 8)
  #define TRUEGREEN(x)		(((x) & 0xff00))
  #define TRUEBLUE(x)		(((x) & 0xff) << 8)
  
  typedef XftDraw *Draw;
  typedef XftColor Color;
  typedef XftGlyphFontSpec GlyphFontSpec;
  
  /* Purely graphic info */
  typedef struct {
  	int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
  	int w, h; /* window width and height */
  	int hborderpx, vborderpx;
  	int ch; /* char height */
  	int cw; /* char width  */
  	int mode; /* window state/mode flags */
  	int cursor; /* cursor style */
  } TermWindow;
  
  typedef struct {
  	Display *dpy;
  	Colormap cmap;
  	Window win;
  	Drawable buf;
  	GlyphFontSpec *specbuf; /* font spec buffer used for rendering */
  	Atom xembed, wmdeletewin, netwmname, netwmiconname, netwmpid;
  	struct {
  		XIM xim;
  		XIC xic;
  		XPoint spot;
  		XVaNestedList spotlist;
  	} ime;
  	Draw draw;
  	Visual *vis;
  	XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
  	int scr;
  	int isfixed; /* is fixed geometry? */
  	int depth; /* bit depth */
  	int l, t; /* left and top offset */
  	int gm; /* geometry mask */
  } XWindow;
  
  typedef struct {
  	Atom xtarget;
  	char *primary, *clipboard;
  	struct timespec tclick1;
  	struct timespec tclick2;
  } XSelection;
  
  /* Font structure */
  #define Font Font_
  typedef struct {
  	int height;
  	int width;
  	int ascent;
  	int descent;
  	int badslant;
  	int badweight;
  	short lbearing;
  	short rbearing;
  	XftFont *match;
  	FcFontSet *set;
  	FcPattern *pattern;
  } Font;
  
  /* Drawing Context */
  typedef struct {
  	Color *col;
  	size_t collen;
  	Font font, bfont, ifont, ibfont;
  	GC gc;
  } DC;
  
  static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
  static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
  static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
  static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
  static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
  static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
  static int ximopen(Display *);
  static void ximinstantiate(Display *, XPointer, XPointer);
  static void ximdestroy(XIM, XPointer, XPointer);
  static int xicdestroy(XIC, XPointer, XPointer);
  static void xinit(int, int);
  static void cresize(int, int);
  static void xresize(int, int);
  static void xhints(void);
  static int xloadcolor(int, const char *, Color *);
  static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
  static void xloadfonts(char *, double);
  static void xunloadfont(Font *);
  static void xunloadfonts(void);
  static void xsetenv(void);
  static void xseturgency(int);
  static int evcol(XEvent *);
  static int evrow(XEvent *);
  
  static void expose(XEvent *);
  static void visibility(XEvent *);
  static void unmap(XEvent *);
  static void kpress(XEvent *);
  static void cmessage(XEvent *);
  static void resize(XEvent *);
  static void focus(XEvent *);
  static uint buttonmask(uint);
  static int mouseaction(XEvent *, uint);
  static void brelease(XEvent *);
  static void bpress(XEvent *);
  static void bmotion(XEvent *);
  static void propnotify(XEvent *);
  static void selnotify(XEvent *);
  static void selclear_(XEvent *);
  static void selrequest(XEvent *);
  static void setsel(char *, Time);
  static void mousesel(XEvent *, int);
  static void mousereport(XEvent *);
  static char *kmap(KeySym, uint);
  static int match(uint, uint);
  
  static void run(void);
  static void usage(void);
  
  static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
  	[KeyPress] = kpress,
  	[ClientMessage] = cmessage,
  	[ConfigureNotify] = resize,
  	[VisibilityNotify] = visibility,
  	[UnmapNotify] = unmap,
  	[Expose] = expose,
  	[FocusIn] = focus,
  	[FocusOut] = focus,
  	[MotionNotify] = bmotion,
  	[ButtonPress] = bpress,
  	[ButtonRelease] = brelease,
  /*
   * Uncomment if you want the selection to disappear when you select something
   * different in another window.
   */
  /*	[SelectionClear] = selclear_, */
  	[SelectionNotify] = selnotify,
  /*
   * PropertyNotify is only turned on when there is some INCR transfer happening
   * for the selection retrieval.
   */
  	[PropertyNotify] = propnotify,
  	[SelectionRequest] = selrequest,
  };
  
  /* Globals */
  static DC dc;
  static XWindow xw;
  static XSelection xsel;
  static TermWindow win;
  
  /* Font Ring Cache */
  enum {
  	FRC_NORMAL,
  	FRC_ITALIC,
  	FRC_BOLD,
  	FRC_ITALICBOLD
  };
  
  typedef struct {
  	XftFont *font;
  	int flags;
  	Rune unicodep;
  } Fontcache;
  
  /* Fontcache is an array now. A new font will be appended to the array. */
  static Fontcache *frc = NULL;
  static int frclen = 0;
  static int frccap = 0;
  static char *usedfont = NULL;
  static double usedfontsize = 0;
  static double defaultfontsize = 0;
  
  static char *opt_alpha = NULL;
  static char *opt_class = NULL;
  static char **opt_cmd  = NULL;
  static char *opt_embed = NULL;
  static char *opt_font  = NULL;
  static char *opt_io    = NULL;
  static char *opt_line  = NULL;
  static char *opt_name  = NULL;
  static char *opt_title = NULL;
  
  static int oldbutton = 3; /* button event on startup: 3 = release */
  
  void
  clipcopy(const Arg *dummy)
  {
  	Atom clipboard;
  
  	free(xsel.clipboard);
  	xsel.clipboard = NULL;
  
  	if (xsel.primary != NULL) {
  		xsel.clipboard = xstrdup(xsel.primary);
  		clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
  		XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  clippaste(const Arg *dummy)
  {
  	Atom clipboard;
  
  	clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
  	XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, clipboard, xsel.xtarget, clipboard,
  			xw.win, CurrentTime);
  }
  
  void
  selpaste(const Arg *dummy)
  {
  	XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xsel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY,
  			xw.win, CurrentTime);
  }
  
  void
  numlock(const Arg *dummy)
  {
  	win.mode ^= MODE_NUMLOCK;
  }
  
  void
  zoom(const Arg *arg)
  {
  	Arg larg;
  
  	larg.f = usedfontsize + arg->f;
  	zoomabs(&larg);
  }
  
  void
  zoomabs(const Arg *arg)
  {
  	xunloadfonts();
  	xloadfonts(usedfont, arg->f);
  	cresize(0, 0);
  	redraw();
  	xhints();
  }
  
  void
  zoomreset(const Arg *arg)
  {
  	Arg larg;
  
  	if (defaultfontsize > 0) {
  		larg.f = defaultfontsize;
  		zoomabs(&larg);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  ttysend(const Arg *arg)
  {
  	ttywrite(arg->s, strlen(arg->s), 1);
  }
  
  int
  evcol(XEvent *e)
  {
  	int x = e->xbutton.x - win.hborderpx;
  	LIMIT(x, 0, win.tw - 1);
  	return x / win.cw;
  }
  
  int
  evrow(XEvent *e)
  {
  	int y = e->xbutton.y - win.vborderpx;
  	LIMIT(y, 0, win.th - 1);
  	return y / win.ch;
  }
  
  void
  mousesel(XEvent *e, int done)
  {
  	int type, seltype = SEL_REGULAR;
  	uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~(Button1Mask | forcemousemod);
  
  	for (type = 1; type < LEN(selmasks); ++type) {
  		if (match(selmasks[type], state)) {
  			seltype = type;
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  	selextend(evcol(e), evrow(e), seltype, done);
  	if (done)
  		setsel(getsel(), e->xbutton.time);
  }
  
  void
  mousereport(XEvent *e)
  {
  	int len, x = evcol(e), y = evrow(e),
  	    button = e->xbutton.button, state = e->xbutton.state;
  	char buf[40];
  	static int ox, oy;
  
  	/* from urxvt */
  	if (e->xbutton.type == MotionNotify) {
  		if (x == ox && y == oy)
  			return;
  		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && !IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMANY))
  			return;
  		/* MOUSE_MOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && oldbutton == 3)
  			return;
  
  		button = oldbutton + 32;
  		ox = x;
  		oy = y;
  	} else {
  		if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
  			button = 3;
  		} else {
  			button -= Button1;
  			if (button >= 7)
  				button += 128 - 7;
  			else if (button >= 3)
  				button += 64 - 3;
  		}
  		if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonPress) {
  			oldbutton = button;
  			ox = x;
  			oy = y;
  		} else if (e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease) {
  			oldbutton = 3;
  			/* MODE_MOUSEX10: no button release reporting */
  			if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10))
  				return;
  			if (button == 64 || button == 65)
  				return;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
  		button += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ? 4  : 0)
  			+ ((state & Mod4Mask   ) ? 8  : 0)
  			+ ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
  	}
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
  		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
  				button, x+1, y+1,
  				e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
  	} else if (x < 223 && y < 223) {
  		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c",
  				32+button, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
  	} else {
  		return;
  	}
  
  	ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
  }
  
  uint
  buttonmask(uint button)
  {
  	return button == Button1 ? Button1Mask
  	     : button == Button2 ? Button2Mask
  	     : button == Button3 ? Button3Mask
  	     : button == Button4 ? Button4Mask
  	     : button == Button5 ? Button5Mask
  	     : 0;
  }
  
  int
  mouseaction(XEvent *e, uint release)
  {
  	MouseShortcut *ms;
  
  	/* ignore Button<N>mask for Button<N> - it's set on release */
  	uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~buttonmask(e->xbutton.button);
  
  	for (ms = mshortcuts; ms < mshortcuts + LEN(mshortcuts); ms++) {
  		if (ms->release == release &&
  		    ms->button == e->xbutton.button &&
  		    (match(ms->mod, state) ||  /* exact or forced */
  		     match(ms->mod, state & ~forcemousemod))) {
  			ms->func(&(ms->arg));
  			return 1;
  		}
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  void
  bpress(XEvent *e)
  {
  	struct timespec now;
  	int snap;
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
  		mousereport(e);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (mouseaction(e, 0))
  		return;
  
  	if (e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
  		/*
  		 * If the user clicks below predefined timeouts specific
  		 * snapping behaviour is exposed.
  		 */
  		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
  		if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick2) <= tripleclicktimeout) {
  			snap = SNAP_LINE;
  		} else if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick1) <= doubleclicktimeout) {
  			snap = SNAP_WORD;
  		} else {
  			snap = 0;
  		}
  		xsel.tclick2 = xsel.tclick1;
  		xsel.tclick1 = now;
  
  		selstart(evcol(e), evrow(e), snap);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  propnotify(XEvent *e)
  {
  	XPropertyEvent *xpev;
  	Atom clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
  
  	xpev = &e->xproperty;
  	if (xpev->state == PropertyNewValue &&
  			(xpev->atom == XA_PRIMARY ||
  			 xpev->atom == clipboard)) {
  		selnotify(e);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  selnotify(XEvent *e)
  {
  	ulong nitems, ofs, rem;
  	int format;
  	uchar *data, *last, *repl;
  	Atom type, incratom, property = None;
  
  	incratom = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "INCR", 0);
  
  	ofs = 0;
  	if (e->type == SelectionNotify)
  		property = e->xselection.property;
  	else if (e->type == PropertyNotify)
  		property = e->xproperty.atom;
  
  	if (property == None)
  		return;
  
  	do {
  		if (XGetWindowProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, property, ofs,
  					BUFSIZ/4, False, AnyPropertyType,
  					&type, &format, &nitems, &rem,
  					&data)) {
  			fprintf(stderr, "Clipboard allocation failed\n");
  			return;
  		}
  
  		if (e->type == PropertyNotify && nitems == 0 && rem == 0) {
  			/*
  			 * If there is some PropertyNotify with no data, then
  			 * this is the signal of the selection owner that all
  			 * data has been transferred. We won't need to receive
  			 * PropertyNotify events anymore.
  			 */
  			MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 0, PropertyChangeMask);
  			XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
  					&xw.attrs);
  		}
  
  		if (type == incratom) {
  			/*
  			 * Activate the PropertyNotify events so we receive
  			 * when the selection owner does send us the next
  			 * chunk of data.
  			 */
  			MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 1, PropertyChangeMask);
  			XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
  					&xw.attrs);
  
  			/*
  			 * Deleting the property is the transfer start signal.
  			 */
  			XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * As seen in getsel:
  		 * Line endings are inconsistent in the terminal and GUI world
  		 * copy and pasting. When receiving some selection data,
  		 * replace all '\n' with '\r'.
  		 * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
  		 */
  		repl = data;
  		last = data + nitems * format / 8;
  		while ((repl = memchr(repl, '\n', last - repl))) {
  			*repl++ = '\r';
  		}
  
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && ofs == 0)
  			ttywrite("\033[200~", 6, 0);
  		ttywrite((char *)data, nitems * format / 8, 1);
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && rem == 0)
  			ttywrite("\033[201~", 6, 0);
  		XFree(data);
  		/* number of 32-bit chunks returned */
  		ofs += nitems * format / 32;
  	} while (rem > 0);
  
  	/*
  	 * Deleting the property again tells the selection owner to send the
  	 * next data chunk in the property.
  	 */
  	XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
  }
  
  void
  xclipcopy(void)
  {
  	clipcopy(NULL);
  }
  
  void
  selclear_(XEvent *e)
  {
  	selclear();
  }
  
  void
  selrequest(XEvent *e)
  {
  	XSelectionRequestEvent *xsre;
  	XSelectionEvent xev;
  	Atom xa_targets, string, clipboard;
  	char *seltext;
  
  	xsre = (XSelectionRequestEvent *) e;
  	xev.type = SelectionNotify;
  	xev.requestor = xsre->requestor;
  	xev.selection = xsre->selection;
  	xev.target = xsre->target;
  	xev.time = xsre->time;
  	if (xsre->property == None)
  		xsre->property = xsre->target;
  
  	/* reject */
  	xev.property = None;
  
  	xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "TARGETS", 0);
  	if (xsre->target == xa_targets) {
  		/* respond with the supported type */
  		string = xsel.xtarget;
  		XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
  				XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace,
  				(uchar *) &string, 1);
  		xev.property = xsre->property;
  	} else if (xsre->target == xsel.xtarget || xsre->target == XA_STRING) {
  		/*
  		 * xith XA_STRING non ascii characters may be incorrect in the
  		 * requestor. It is not our problem, use utf8.
  		 */
  		clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
  		if (xsre->selection == XA_PRIMARY) {
  			seltext = xsel.primary;
  		} else if (xsre->selection == clipboard) {
  			seltext = xsel.clipboard;
  		} else {
  			fprintf(stderr,
  				"Unhandled clipboard selection 0x%lx\n",
  				xsre->selection);
  			return;
  		}
  		if (seltext != NULL) {
  			XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor,
  					xsre->property, xsre->target,
  					8, PropModeReplace,
  					(uchar *)seltext, strlen(seltext));
  			xev.property = xsre->property;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* all done, send a notification to the listener */
  	if (!XSendEvent(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, 1, 0, (XEvent *) &xev))
  		fprintf(stderr, "Error sending SelectionNotify event\n");
  }
  
  void
  setsel(char *str, Time t)
  {
  	if (!str)
  		return;
  
  	free(xsel.primary);
  	xsel.primary = str;
  
  	XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, t);
  	if (XGetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY) != xw.win)
  		selclear();
  }
  
  void
  xsetsel(char *str)
  {
  	setsel(str, CurrentTime);
  }
  
  void
  brelease(XEvent *e)
  {
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
  		mousereport(e);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (mouseaction(e, 1))
  		return;
  	if (e->xbutton.button == Button1)
  		mousesel(e, 1);
  }
  
  void
  bmotion(XEvent *e)
  {
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
  		mousereport(e);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	mousesel(e, 0);
  }
  
  void
  cresize(int width, int height)
  {
  	int col, row;
  
  	if (width != 0)
  		win.w = width;
  	if (height != 0)
  		win.h = height;
  
  	col = (win.w - 2 * borderpx) / win.cw;
  	row = (win.h - 2 * borderpx) / win.ch;
  	col = MAX(1, col);
  	row = MAX(1, row);
  
  	win.hborderpx = (win.w - col * win.cw) / 2;
  	win.vborderpx = (win.h - row * win.ch) / 2;
  
  	tresize(col, row);
  	xresize(col, row);
  	ttyresize(win.tw, win.th);
  }
  
  void
  xresize(int col, int row)
  {
  	win.tw = col * win.cw;
  	win.th = row * win.ch;
  
  	XFreePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.buf);
  	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h,
  			xw.depth);
  	XftDrawChange(xw.draw, xw.buf);
  	xclear(0, 0, win.w, win.h);
  
  	/* resize to new width */
  	xw.specbuf = xrealloc(xw.specbuf, col * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
  }
  
  ushort
  sixd_to_16bit(int x)
  {
  	return x == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * x;
  }
  
  int
  xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor)
  {
  	XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };
  
  	if (!name) {
  		if (BETWEEN(i, 16, 255)) { /* 256 color */
  			if (i < 6*6*6+16) { /* same colors as xterm */
  				color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/36)%6 );
  				color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/6) %6 );
  				color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/1) %6 );
  			} else { /* greyscale */
  				color.red = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i - (6*6*6+16));
  				color.green = color.blue = color.red;
  			}
  			return XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
  			                          xw.cmap, &color, ncolor);
  		} else
  			name = colorname[i];
  	}
  
  	return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
  }
  
  void
  xloadcols(void)
  {
  	int i;
  	static int loaded;
  	Color *cp;
  
  	if (loaded) {
  		for (cp = dc.col; cp < &dc.col[dc.collen]; ++cp)
  			XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, cp);
  	} else {
  		dc.collen = MAX(LEN(colorname), 256);
  		dc.col = xmalloc(dc.collen * sizeof(Color));
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; i < dc.collen; i++)
  		if (!xloadcolor(i, NULL, &dc.col[i])) {
  			if (colorname[i])
  				die("could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
  			else
  				die("could not allocate color %d\n", i);
  		}
  
  	/* set alpha value of bg color */
  	if (opt_alpha)
  		alpha = strtof(opt_alpha, NULL);
  	dc.col[defaultbg].color.alpha = (unsigned short)(0xffff * alpha);
  	dc.col[defaultbg].pixel &= 0x00FFFFFF;
  	dc.col[defaultbg].pixel |= (unsigned char)(0xff * alpha) << 24;
  	loaded = 1;
  }
  
  int
  xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name)
  {
  	Color ncolor;
  
  	if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
  		return 1;
  
  	if (!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
  		return 1;
  
  	XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
  	dc.col[x] = ncolor;
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
   * Absolute coordinates.
   */
  void
  xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
  {
  	XftDrawRect(xw.draw,
  			&dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)? defaultfg : defaultbg],
  			x1, y1, x2-x1, y2-y1);
  }
  
  void
  xhints(void)
  {
  	XClassHint class = {opt_name ? opt_name : "st",
  	                    opt_class ? opt_class : "St"};
  	XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
  	XSizeHints *sizeh;
  
  	sizeh = XAllocSizeHints();
  
  	sizeh->flags = PSize | PResizeInc | PBaseSize | PMinSize;
  	sizeh->height = win.h;
  	sizeh->width = win.w;
  	sizeh->height_inc = 1;
  	sizeh->width_inc = 1;
  	sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
  	sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
  	sizeh->min_height = win.ch + 2 * borderpx;
  	sizeh->min_width = win.cw + 2 * borderpx;
  	if (xw.isfixed) {
  		sizeh->flags |= PMaxSize;
  		sizeh->min_width = sizeh->max_width = win.w;
  		sizeh->min_height = sizeh->max_height = win.h;
  	}
  	if (xw.gm & (XValue|YValue)) {
  		sizeh->flags |= USPosition | PWinGravity;
  		sizeh->x = xw.l;
  		sizeh->y = xw.t;
  		sizeh->win_gravity = xgeommasktogravity(xw.gm);
  	}
  
  	XSetWMProperties(xw.dpy, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, sizeh, &wm,
  			&class);
  	XFree(sizeh);
  }
  
  int
  xgeommasktogravity(int mask)
  {
  	switch (mask & (XNegative|YNegative)) {
  	case 0:
  		return NorthWestGravity;
  	case XNegative:
  		return NorthEastGravity;
  	case YNegative:
  		return SouthWestGravity;
  	}
  
  	return SouthEastGravity;
  }
  
  int
  xloadfont(Font *f, FcPattern *pattern)
  {
  	FcPattern *configured;
  	FcPattern *match;
  	FcResult result;
  	XGlyphInfo extents;
  	int wantattr, haveattr;
  
  	/*
  	 * Manually configure instead of calling XftMatchFont
  	 * so that we can use the configured pattern for
  	 * "missing glyph" lookups.
  	 */
  	configured = FcPatternDuplicate(pattern);
  	if (!configured)
  		return 1;
  
  	FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, configured, FcMatchPattern);
  	XftDefaultSubstitute(xw.dpy, xw.scr, configured);
  
  	match = FcFontMatch(NULL, configured, &result);
  	if (!match) {
  		FcPatternDestroy(configured);
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	if (!(f->match = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
  		FcPatternDestroy(configured);
  		FcPatternDestroy(match);
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "slant", 0, &wantattr) ==
  	    XftResultMatch)) {
  		/*
  		 * Check if xft was unable to find a font with the appropriate
  		 * slant but gave us one anyway. Try to mitigate.
  		 */
  		if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "slant", 0,
  		    &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr < wantattr) {
  			f->badslant = 1;
  			fputs("font slant does not match\n", stderr);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "weight", 0, &wantattr) ==
  	    XftResultMatch)) {
  		if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "weight", 0,
  		    &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr != wantattr) {
  			f->badweight = 1;
  			fputs("font weight does not match\n", stderr);
  		}
  	}
  
  	XftTextExtentsUtf8(xw.dpy, f->match,
  		(const FcChar8 *) ascii_printable,
  		strlen(ascii_printable), &extents);
  
  	f->set = NULL;
  	f->pattern = configured;
  
  	f->ascent = f->match->ascent;
  	f->descent = f->match->descent;
  	f->lbearing = 0;
  	f->rbearing = f->match->max_advance_width;
  
  	f->height = f->ascent + f->descent;
  	f->width = DIVCEIL(extents.xOff, strlen(ascii_printable));
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  void
  xloadfonts(char *fontstr, double fontsize)
  {
  	FcPattern *pattern;
  	double fontval;
  
  	if (fontstr[0] == '-')
  		pattern = XftXlfdParse(fontstr, False, False);
  	else
  		pattern = FcNameParse((FcChar8 *)fontstr);
  
  	if (!pattern)
  		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
  
  	if (fontsize > 1) {
  		FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
  		FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SIZE);
  		FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, (double)fontsize);
  		usedfontsize = fontsize;
  	} else {
  		if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
  				FcResultMatch) {
  			usedfontsize = fontval;
  		} else if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
  				FcResultMatch) {
  			usedfontsize = -1;
  		} else {
  			/*
  			 * Default font size is 12, if none given. This is to
  			 * have a known usedfontsize value.
  			 */
  			FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 12);
  			usedfontsize = 12;
  		}
  		defaultfontsize = usedfontsize;
  	}
  
  	if (xloadfont(&dc.font, pattern))
  		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
  
  	if (usedfontsize < 0) {
  		FcPatternGetDouble(dc.font.match->pattern,
  		                   FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval);
  		usedfontsize = fontval;
  		if (fontsize == 0)
  			defaultfontsize = fontval;
  	}
  
  	/* Setting character width and height. */
  	win.cw = ceilf(dc.font.width * cwscale);
  	win.ch = ceilf(dc.font.height * chscale);
  
  	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
  	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
  	if (xloadfont(&dc.ifont, pattern))
  		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
  
  	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
  	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
  	if (xloadfont(&dc.ibfont, pattern))
  		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
  
  	FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
  	FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
  	if (xloadfont(&dc.bfont, pattern))
  		die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
  
  	FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
  }
  
  void
  xunloadfont(Font *f)
  {
  	XftFontClose(xw.dpy, f->match);
  	FcPatternDestroy(f->pattern);
  	if (f->set)
  		FcFontSetDestroy(f->set);
  }
  
  void
  xunloadfonts(void)
  {
  	/* Free the loaded fonts in the font cache.  */
  	while (frclen > 0)
  		XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[--frclen].font);
  
  	xunloadfont(&dc.font);
  	xunloadfont(&dc.bfont);
  	xunloadfont(&dc.ifont);
  	xunloadfont(&dc.ibfont);
  }
  
  int
  ximopen(Display *dpy)
  {
  	XIMCallback imdestroy = { .client_data = NULL, .callback = ximdestroy };
  	XICCallback icdestroy = { .client_data = NULL, .callback = xicdestroy };
  
  	xw.ime.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  	if (xw.ime.xim == NULL)
  		return 0;
  
  	if (XSetIMValues(xw.ime.xim, XNDestroyCallback, &imdestroy, NULL))
  		fprintf(stderr, "XSetIMValues: "
  		                "Could not set XNDestroyCallback.\n");
  
  	xw.ime.spotlist = XVaCreateNestedList(0, XNSpotLocation, &xw.ime.spot,
  	                                      NULL);
  
  	if (xw.ime.xic == NULL) {
  		xw.ime.xic = XCreateIC(xw.ime.xim, XNInputStyle,
  		                       XIMPreeditNothing | XIMStatusNothing,
  		                       XNClientWindow, xw.win,
  		                       XNDestroyCallback, &icdestroy,
  		                       NULL);
  	}
  	if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
  		fprintf(stderr, "XCreateIC: Could not create input context.\n");
  
  	return 1;
  }
  
  void
  ximinstantiate(Display *dpy, XPointer client, XPointer call)
  {
  	if (ximopen(dpy))
  		XUnregisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
  		                                 ximinstantiate, NULL);
  }
  
  void
  ximdestroy(XIM xim, XPointer client, XPointer call)
  {
  	xw.ime.xim = NULL;
  	XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
  	                               ximinstantiate, NULL);
  	XFree(xw.ime.spotlist);
  }
  
  int
  xicdestroy(XIC xim, XPointer client, XPointer call)
  {
  	xw.ime.xic = NULL;
  	return 1;
  }
  
  void
  xinit(int cols, int rows)
  {
  	XGCValues gcvalues;
  	Cursor cursor;
  	Window parent;
  	pid_t thispid = getpid();
  	XColor xmousefg, xmousebg;
  	XWindowAttributes attr;
  	XVisualInfo vis;
  
  	xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dpy);
  
  	if (!(opt_embed && (parent = strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0)))) {
  		parent = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
  		xw.depth = 32;
  	} else {
  		XGetWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, parent, &attr);
  		xw.depth = attr.depth;
  	}
  
  	XMatchVisualInfo(xw.dpy, xw.scr, xw.depth, TrueColor, &vis);
  	xw.vis = vis.visual;
  
  	/* font */
  	if (!FcInit())
  		die("could not init fontconfig.\n");
  
  	usedfont = (opt_font == NULL)? font : opt_font;
  	xloadfonts(usedfont, 0);
  
  	/* colors */
  	xw.cmap = XCreateColormap(xw.dpy, parent, xw.vis, None);
  	xloadcols();
  
  	/* adjust fixed window geometry */
  	win.w = 2 * win.hborderpx + 2 * borderpx + cols * win.cw;
  	win.h = 2 * win.vborderpx + 2 * borderpx + rows * win.ch;
  	if (xw.gm & XNegative)
  		xw.l += DisplayWidth(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.w - 2;
  	if (xw.gm & YNegative)
  		xw.t += DisplayHeight(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.h - 2;
  
  	/* Events */
  	xw.attrs.background_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
  	xw.attrs.border_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
  	xw.attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
  	xw.attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask
  		| ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask
  		| ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
  	xw.attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
  
  	xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.l, xw.t,
  			win.w, win.h, 0, xw.depth, InputOutput,
  			xw.vis, CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity
  			| CWEventMask | CWColormap, &xw.attrs);
  
  	memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
  	gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
  	xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h, xw.depth);
  	dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, xw.buf, GCGraphicsExposures, &gcvalues);
  	XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[defaultbg].pixel);
  	XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h);
  
  	/* font spec buffer */
  	xw.specbuf = xmalloc(cols * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
  
  	/* Xft rendering context */
  	xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
  
  	/* input methods */
  	if (!ximopen(xw.dpy)) {
  		XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
  	                                       ximinstantiate, NULL);
  	}
  
  	/* white cursor, black outline */
  	cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, mouseshape);
  	XDefineCursor(xw.dpy, xw.win, cursor);
  
  	if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousefg], &xmousefg) == 0) {
  		xmousefg.red   = 0xffff;
  		xmousefg.green = 0xffff;
  		xmousefg.blue  = 0xffff;
  	}
  
  	if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousebg], &xmousebg) == 0) {
  		xmousebg.red   = 0x0000;
  		xmousebg.green = 0x0000;
  		xmousebg.blue  = 0x0000;
  	}
  
  	XRecolorCursor(xw.dpy, cursor, &xmousefg, &xmousebg);
  
  	xw.xembed = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
  	xw.wmdeletewin = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
  	xw.netwmname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
  	xw.netwmiconname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_ICON_NAME", False);
  	XSetWMProtocols(xw.dpy, xw.win, &xw.wmdeletewin, 1);
  
  	xw.netwmpid = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_PID", False);
  	XChangeProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.netwmpid, XA_CARDINAL, 32,
  			PropModeReplace, (uchar *)&thispid, 1);
  
  	win.mode = MODE_NUMLOCK;
  	resettitle();
  	xhints();
  	XMapWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win);
  	XSync(xw.dpy, False);
  
  	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick1);
  	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick2);
  	xsel.primary = NULL;
  	xsel.clipboard = NULL;
  	xsel.xtarget = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "UTF8_STRING", 0);
  	if (xsel.xtarget == None)
  		xsel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
  }
  
  int
  xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
  {
  	float winx = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw, winy = win.vborderpx + y * win.ch, xp, yp;
  	ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
  	Font *font = &dc.font;
  	int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
  	float runewidth = win.cw;
  	Rune rune;
  	FT_UInt glyphidx;
  	FcResult fcres;
  	FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
  	FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
  	FcCharSet *fccharset;
  	int i, f, numspecs = 0;
  
  	for (i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
  		/* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
  		rune = glyphs[i].u;
  		mode = glyphs[i].mode;
  
  		/* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
  		if (mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
  			continue;
  
  		/* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
  		if (prevmode != mode) {
  			prevmode = mode;
  			font = &dc.font;
  			frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
  			runewidth = win.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
  			if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
  				font = &dc.ibfont;
  				frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
  			} else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
  				font = &dc.ifont;
  				frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
  			} else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
  				font = &dc.bfont;
  				frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
  			}
  			yp = winy + font->ascent;
  		}
  
  		/* Lookup character index with default font. */
  		glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
  		if (glyphidx) {
  			specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
  			specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
  			specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
  			specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
  			xp += runewidth;
  			numspecs++;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
  		for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
  			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
  			/* Everything correct. */
  			if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
  				break;
  			/* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
  			if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
  					&& frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  
  		/* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
  		if (f >= frclen) {
  			if (!font->set)
  				font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
  				                       1, 0, &fcres);
  			fcsets[0] = font->set;
  
  			/*
  			 * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
  			 * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
  			 * font for one single character.
  			 *
  			 * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
  			 */
  			fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
  			fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
  
  			FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
  			FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
  					fccharset);
  			FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
  
  			FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
  					FcMatchPattern);
  			FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
  
  			fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
  					fcpattern, &fcres);
  
  			/* Allocate memory for the new cache entry. */
  			if (frclen >= frccap) {
  				frccap += 16;
  				frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
  			}
  
  			frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
  					fontpattern);
  			if (!frc[frclen].font)
  				die("XftFontOpenPattern failed seeking fallback font: %s\n",
  					strerror(errno));
  			frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
  			frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
  
  			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
  
  			f = frclen;
  			frclen++;
  
  			FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
  			FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
  		}
  
  		specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
  		specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
  		specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
  		specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
  		xp += runewidth;
  		numspecs++;
  	}
  
  	return numspecs;
  }
  
  void
  xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, int y)
  {
  	int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
  	int winx = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw, winy = win.vborderpx + y * win.ch,
  	    width = charlen * win.cw;
  	Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
  	XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
  	XRectangle r;
  
  	/* Fallback on color display for attributes not supported by the font */
  	if (base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
  		if (dc.ibfont.badslant || dc.ibfont.badweight)
  			base.fg = defaultattr;
  	} else if ((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && dc.ifont.badslant) ||
  	    (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD && dc.bfont.badweight)) {
  		base.fg = defaultattr;
  	}
  
  	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.fg)) {
  		colfg.alpha = 0xffff;
  		colfg.red = TRUERED(base.fg);
  		colfg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.fg);
  		colfg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.fg);
  		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &truefg);
  		fg = &truefg;
  	} else {
  		fg = &dc.col[base.fg];
  	}
  
  	if (IS_TRUECOL(base.bg)) {
  		colbg.alpha = 0xffff;
  		colbg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.bg);
  		colbg.red = TRUERED(base.bg);
  		colbg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.bg);
  		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &truebg);
  		bg = &truebg;
  	} else {
  		bg = &dc.col[base.bg];
  	}
  
  	/* Change basic system colors [0-7] to bright system colors [8-15] */
  	if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_BOLD && BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7))
  		fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
  		if (fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
  			fg = &dc.col[defaultbg];
  		} else {
  			colfg.red = ~fg->color.red;
  			colfg.green = ~fg->color.green;
  			colfg.blue = ~fg->color.blue;
  			colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
  			XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg,
  					&revfg);
  			fg = &revfg;
  		}
  
  		if (bg == &dc.col[defaultbg]) {
  			bg = &dc.col[defaultfg];
  		} else {
  			colbg.red = ~bg->color.red;
  			colbg.green = ~bg->color.green;
  			colbg.blue = ~bg->color.blue;
  			colbg.alpha = bg->color.alpha;
  			XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg,
  					&revbg);
  			bg = &revbg;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_FAINT) {
  		colfg.red = fg->color.red / 2;
  		colfg.green = fg->color.green / 2;
  		colfg.blue = fg->color.blue / 2;
  		colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
  		XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &revfg);
  		fg = &revfg;
  	}
  
  	if (base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE) {
  		temp = fg;
  		fg = bg;
  		bg = temp;
  	}
  
  	if (base.mode & ATTR_BLINK && win.mode & MODE_BLINK)
  		fg = bg;
  
  	if (base.mode & ATTR_INVISIBLE)
  		fg = bg;
  
  	/* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
  	if (x == 0) {
  		xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.vborderpx,
  			winy + win.ch +
  			((winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)? win.h : 0));
  	}
  	if (winx + width >= win.hborderpx + win.tw) {
  		xclear(winx + width, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.w,
  			((winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)? win.h : (winy + win.ch)));
  	}
  	if (y == 0)
  		xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, win.vborderpx);
  	if (winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)
  		xclear(winx, winy + win.ch, winx + width, win.h);
  
  	/* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
  	XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, win.ch);
  
  	/* Set the clip region because Xft is sometimes dirty. */
  	r.x = 0;
  	r.y = 0;
  	r.height = win.ch;
  	r.width = width;
  	XftDrawSetClipRectangles(xw.draw, winx, winy, &r, 1);
  
  	/* Render the glyphs. */
  	XftDrawGlyphFontSpec(xw.draw, fg, specs, len);
  
  	/* Render underline and strikethrough. */
  	if (base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
  		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent + 1,
  				width, 1);
  	}
  
  	if (base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
  		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent / 3,
  				width, 1);
  	}
  
  	/* Reset clip to none. */
  	XftDrawSetClip(xw.draw, 0);
  }
  
  void
  xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y)
  {
  	int numspecs;
  	XftGlyphFontSpec spec;
  
  	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(&spec, &g, 1, x, y);
  	xdrawglyphfontspecs(&spec, g, numspecs, x, y);
  }
  
  void
  xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og)
  {
  	Color drawcol;
  
  	/* remove the old cursor */
  	if (selected(ox, oy))
  		og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
  	xdrawglyph(og, ox, oy);
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
  		return;
  
  	/*
  	 * Select the right color for the right mode.
  	 */
  	g.mode &= ATTR_BOLD|ATTR_ITALIC|ATTR_UNDERLINE|ATTR_STRUCK|ATTR_WIDE;
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
  		g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
  		g.bg = defaultfg;
  		if (selected(cx, cy)) {
  			drawcol = dc.col[defaultcs];
  			g.fg = defaultrcs;
  		} else {
  			drawcol = dc.col[defaultrcs];
  			g.fg = defaultcs;
  		}
  	} else {
  		if (selected(cx, cy)) {
  			g.fg = defaultfg;
  			g.bg = defaultrcs;
  		} else {
  			g.fg = defaultbg;
  			g.bg = defaultcs;
  		}
  		drawcol = dc.col[g.bg];
  	}
  
  	/* draw the new one */
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)) {
  		switch (win.cursor) {
  		case 7: /* st extension */
  			g.u = 0x2603; /* snowman (U+2603) */
  			/* FALLTHROUGH */
  		case 0: /* Blinking Block */
  		case 1: /* Blinking Block (Default) */
  		case 2: /* Steady Block */
  			xdrawglyph(g, cx, cy);
  			break;
  		case 3: /* Blinking Underline */
  		case 4: /* Steady Underline */
  			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
  					win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
  					win.vborderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - \
  						cursorthickness,
  					win.cw, cursorthickness);
  			break;
  		case 5: /* Blinking bar */
  		case 6: /* Steady bar */
  			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
  					win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
  					win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
  					cursorthickness, win.ch);
  			break;
  		}
  	} else {
  		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
  				win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
  				win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
  				win.cw - 1, 1);
  		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
  				win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
  				win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
  				1, win.ch - 1);
  		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
  				win.hborderpx + (cx + 1) * win.cw - 1,
  				win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
  				1, win.ch - 1);
  		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
  				win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
  				win.vborderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - 1,
  				win.cw, 1);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  xsetenv(void)
  {
  	char buf[sizeof(long) * 8 + 1];
  
  	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", xw.win);
  	setenv("WINDOWID", buf, 1);
  }
  
  void
  xseticontitle(char *p)
  {
  	XTextProperty prop;
  	DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
  
  	Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
  			&prop);
  	XSetWMIconName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
  	XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmiconname);
  	XFree(prop.value);
  }
  
  void
  xsettitle(char *p)
  {
  	XTextProperty prop;
  	DEFAULT(p, opt_title);
  
  	Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
  			&prop);
  	XSetWMName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
  	XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmname);
  	XFree(prop.value);
  }
  
  int
  xstartdraw(void)
  {
  	return IS_SET(MODE_VISIBLE);
  }
  
  void
  xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2)
  {
  	int i, x, ox, numspecs;
  	Glyph base, new;
  	XftGlyphFontSpec *specs = xw.specbuf;
  
  	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[x1], x2 - x1, x1, y1);
  	i = ox = 0;
  	for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
  		new = line[x];
  		if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
  			continue;
  		if (selected(x, y1))
  			new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
  		if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
  			xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
  			specs += i;
  			numspecs -= i;
  			i = 0;
  		}
  		if (i == 0) {
  			ox = x;
  			base = new;
  		}
  		i++;
  	}
  	if (i > 0)
  		xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
  }
  
  void
  xfinishdraw(void)
  {
  	XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w,
  			win.h, 0, 0);
  	XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc,
  			dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)?
  				defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
  }
  
  void
  xximspot(int x, int y)
  {
  	if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	xw.ime.spot.x = borderpx + x * win.cw;
  	xw.ime.spot.y = borderpx + (y + 1) * win.ch;
  
  	XSetICValues(xw.ime.xic, XNPreeditAttributes, xw.ime.spotlist, NULL);
  }
  
  void
  expose(XEvent *ev)
  {
  	redraw();
  }
  
  void
  visibility(XEvent *ev)
  {
  	XVisibilityEvent *e = &ev->xvisibility;
  
  	MODBIT(win.mode, e->state != VisibilityFullyObscured, MODE_VISIBLE);
  }
  
  void
  unmap(XEvent *ev)
  {
  	win.mode &= ~MODE_VISIBLE;
  }
  
  void
  xsetpointermotion(int set)
  {
  	MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, set, PointerMotionMask);
  	XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
  }
  
  void
  xsetmode(int set, unsigned int flags)
  {
  	int mode = win.mode;
  	MODBIT(win.mode, set, flags);
  	if ((win.mode & MODE_REVERSE) != (mode & MODE_REVERSE))
  		redraw();
  }
  
  int
  xsetcursor(int cursor)
  {
  	if (!BETWEEN(cursor, 0, 7)) /* 7: st extension */
  		return 1;
  	win.cursor = cursor;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  void
  xseturgency(int add)
  {
  	XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win);
  
  	MODBIT(h->flags, add, XUrgencyHint);
  	XSetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win, h);
  	XFree(h);
  }
  
  void
  xbell(void)
  {
  	if (!(IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)))
  		xseturgency(1);
  	if (bellvolume)
  		XkbBell(xw.dpy, xw.win, bellvolume, (Atom)NULL);
  }
  
  void
  focus(XEvent *ev)
  {
  	XFocusChangeEvent *e = &ev->xfocus;
  
  	if (e->mode == NotifyGrab)
  		return;
  
  	if (ev->type == FocusIn) {
  		if (xw.ime.xic)
  			XSetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
  		win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
  		xseturgency(0);
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
  			ttywrite("\033[I", 3, 0);
  	} else {
  		if (xw.ime.xic)
  			XUnsetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
  		win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
  			ttywrite("\033[O", 3, 0);
  	}
  }
  
  int
  match(uint mask, uint state)
  {
  	return mask == XK_ANY_MOD || mask == (state & ~ignoremod);
  }
  
  char*
  kmap(KeySym k, uint state)
  {
  	Key *kp;
  	int i;
  
  	/* Check for mapped keys out of X11 function keys. */
  	for (i = 0; i < LEN(mappedkeys); i++) {
  		if (mappedkeys[i] == k)
  			break;
  	}
  	if (i == LEN(mappedkeys)) {
  		if ((k & 0xFFFF) < 0xFD00)
  			return NULL;
  	}
  
  	for (kp = key; kp < key + LEN(key); kp++) {
  		if (kp->k != k)
  			continue;
  
  		if (!match(kp->mask, state))
  			continue;
  
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? kp->appkey < 0 : kp->appkey > 0)
  			continue;
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_NUMLOCK) && kp->appkey == 2)
  			continue;
  
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR) ? kp->appcursor < 0 : kp->appcursor > 0)
  			continue;
  
  		return kp->s;
  	}
  
  	return NULL;
  }
  
  void
  kpress(XEvent *ev)
  {
  	XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
  	KeySym ksym;
  	char buf[64], *customkey;
  	int len;
  	Rune c;
  	Status status;
  	Shortcut *bp;
  
  	if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
  		return;
  
  	if (xw.ime.xic)
  		len = XmbLookupString(xw.ime.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
  	else
  		len = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, NULL);
  	/* 1. shortcuts */
  	for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
  		if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
  			bp->func(&(bp->arg));
  			return;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* 2. custom keys from config.h */
  	if ((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state))) {
  		ttywrite(customkey, strlen(customkey), 1);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	/* 3. composed string from input method */
  	if (len == 0)
  		return;
  	if (len == 1 && e->state & Mod1Mask) {
  		if (IS_SET(MODE_8BIT)) {
  			if (*buf < 0177) {
  				c = *buf | 0x80;
  				len = utf8encode(c, buf);
  			}
  		} else {
  			buf[1] = buf[0];
  			buf[0] = '\033';
  			len = 2;
  		}
  	}
  	ttywrite(buf, len, 1);
  }
  
  void
  cmessage(XEvent *e)
  {
  	/*
  	 * See xembed specs
  	 *  http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html
  	 */
  	if (e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
  		if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
  			win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
  			xseturgency(0);
  		} else if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT) {
  			win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
  		}
  	} else if (e->xclient.data.l[0] == xw.wmdeletewin) {
  		ttyhangup();
  		exit(0);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  resize(XEvent *e)
  {
  	if (e->xconfigure.width == win.w && e->xconfigure.height == win.h)
  		return;
  
  	cresize(e->xconfigure.width, e->xconfigure.height);
  }
  
  void
  run(void)
  {
  	XEvent ev;
  	int w = win.w, h = win.h;
  	fd_set rfd;
  	int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), ttyfd, xev, drawing;
  	struct timespec seltv, *tv, now, lastblink, trigger;
  	double timeout;
  
  	/* Waiting for window mapping */
  	do {
  		XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
  		/*
  		 * This XFilterEvent call is required because of XOpenIM. It
  		 * does filter out the key event and some client message for
  		 * the input method too.
  		 */
  		if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
  			continue;
  		if (ev.type == ConfigureNotify) {
  			w = ev.xconfigure.width;
  			h = ev.xconfigure.height;
  		}
  	} while (ev.type != MapNotify);
  
  	ttyfd = ttynew(opt_line, shell, opt_io, opt_cmd);
  	cresize(w, h);
  
  	for (timeout = -1, drawing = 0, lastblink = (struct timespec){0};;) {
  		FD_ZERO(&rfd);
  		FD_SET(ttyfd, &rfd);
  		FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);
  
  		if (XPending(xw.dpy))
  			timeout = 0;  /* existing events might not set xfd */
  
  		seltv.tv_sec = timeout / 1E3;
  		seltv.tv_nsec = 1E6 * (timeout - 1E3 * seltv.tv_sec);
  		tv = timeout >= 0 ? &seltv : NULL;
  
  		if (pselect(MAX(xfd, ttyfd)+1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, tv, NULL) < 0) {
  			if (errno == EINTR)
  				continue;
  			die("select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
  		}
  		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
  
  		if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd))
  			ttyread();
  
  		xev = 0;
  		while (XPending(xw.dpy)) {
  			xev = 1;
  			XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
  			if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
  				continue;
  			if (handler[ev.type])
  				(handler[ev.type])(&ev);
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * To reduce flicker and tearing, when new content or event
  		 * triggers drawing, we first wait a bit to ensure we got
  		 * everything, and if nothing new arrives - we draw.
  		 * We start with trying to wait minlatency ms. If more content
  		 * arrives sooner, we retry with shorter and shorter periods,
  		 * and eventually draw even without idle after maxlatency ms.
  		 * Typically this results in low latency while interacting,
  		 * maximum latency intervals during `cat huge.txt`, and perfect
  		 * sync with periodic updates from animations/key-repeats/etc.
  		 */
  		if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd) || xev) {
  			if (!drawing) {
  				trigger = now;
  				drawing = 1;
  			}
  			timeout = (maxlatency - TIMEDIFF(now, trigger)) \
  			          / maxlatency * minlatency;
  			if (timeout > 0)
  				continue;  /* we have time, try to find idle */
  		}
  
  		/* idle detected or maxlatency exhausted -> draw */
  		timeout = -1;
  		if (blinktimeout && tattrset(ATTR_BLINK)) {
  			timeout = blinktimeout - TIMEDIFF(now, lastblink);
  			if (timeout <= 0) {
  				if (-timeout > blinktimeout) /* start visible */
  					win.mode |= MODE_BLINK;
  				win.mode ^= MODE_BLINK;
  				tsetdirtattr(ATTR_BLINK);
  				lastblink = now;
  				timeout = blinktimeout;
  			}
  		}
  
  		draw();
  		XFlush(xw.dpy);
  		drawing = 0;
  	}
  }
  
  int
  resource_load(XrmDatabase db, char *name, enum resource_type rtype, void *dst)
  {
  	char **sdst = dst;
  	int *idst = dst;
  	float *fdst = dst;
  
  	char fullname[256];
  	char fullclass[256];
  	char *type;
  	XrmValue ret;
  
  	snprintf(fullname, sizeof(fullname), "%s.%s",
  			opt_name ? opt_name : "st", name);
  	snprintf(fullclass, sizeof(fullclass), "%s.%s",
  			opt_class ? opt_class : "St", name);
  	fullname[sizeof(fullname) - 1] = fullclass[sizeof(fullclass) - 1] = '\0';
  
  	XrmGetResource(db, fullname, fullclass, &type, &ret);
  	if (ret.addr == NULL || strncmp("String", type, 64))
  		return 1;
  
  	switch (rtype) {
  	case STRING:
  		*sdst = ret.addr;
  		break;
  	case INTEGER:
  		*idst = strtoul(ret.addr, NULL, 10);
  		break;
  	case FLOAT:
  		*fdst = strtof(ret.addr, NULL);
  		break;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  void
  config_init(void)
  {
  	char *resm;
  	XrmDatabase db;
  	ResourcePref *p;
  
  	XrmInitialize();
  	resm = XResourceManagerString(xw.dpy);
  	if (!resm)
  		return;
  
  	db = XrmGetStringDatabase(resm);
  	for (p = resources; p < resources + LEN(resources); p++)
  		resource_load(db, p->name, p->type, p->dst);
  }
  
  void
  usage(void)
  {
  	die("usage: %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
  	    " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
  	    "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid]"
  	    " [[-e] command [args ...]]\n"
  	    "       %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry]"
  	    " [-n name] [-o file]\n"
  	    "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid] -l line"
  	    " [stty_args ...]\n", argv0, argv0);
  }
  
  int
  main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	xw.l = xw.t = 0;
  	xw.isfixed = False;
  	xsetcursor(cursorshape);
  
  	ARGBEGIN {
  	case 'a':
  		allowaltscreen = 0;
  		break;
  	case 'A':
  		opt_alpha = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'c':
  		opt_class = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'e':
  		if (argc > 0)
  			--argc, ++argv;
  		goto run;
  	case 'f':
  		opt_font = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'g':
  		xw.gm = XParseGeometry(EARGF(usage()),
  				&xw.l, &xw.t, &cols, &rows);
  		break;
  	case 'i':
  		xw.isfixed = 1;
  		break;
  	case 'o':
  		opt_io = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'l':
  		opt_line = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'n':
  		opt_name = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 't':
  	case 'T':
  		opt_title = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'w':
  		opt_embed = EARGF(usage());
  		break;
  	case 'v':
  		die("%s " VERSION "\n", argv0);
  		break;
  	default:
  		usage();
  	} ARGEND;
  
  run:
  	if (argc > 0) /* eat all remaining arguments */
  		opt_cmd = argv;
  
  	if (!opt_title)
  		opt_title = (opt_line || !opt_cmd) ? "st" : opt_cmd[0];
  
  	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
  	XSetLocaleModifiers("");
  
  	if(!(xw.dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
  		die("Can't open display\n");
  
  	config_init();
  	cols = MAX(cols, 1);
  	rows = MAX(rows, 1);
  	tnew(cols, rows);
  	xinit(cols, rows);
  	xsetenv();
  	selinit();
  	run();
  
  	return 0;
  }
  