text: /* apps/passwd.c */
  
  #if defined OPENSSL_NO_MD5 || defined CHARSET_EBCDIC
  # define NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DES) || !defined(NO_MD5CRYPT_1)
  
  #include "apps.h"
  #ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS
  #include <assert.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #endif
  
  
  #include <openssl/bio.h>
  #include <openssl/err.h>
  #include <openssl/evp.h>
  #include <openssl/rand.h>
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
  # include <openssl/des.h>
  #endif
  #ifndef NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  # include <openssl/md5.h>
  #endif
  
  
  #undef PROG
  #define PROG passwd_main
  
  
  static unsigned const char cov_2char[64]={
  	/* from crypto/des/fcrypt.c */
  	0x2E,0x2F,0x30,0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,0x35,
  	0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x41,0x42,0x43,0x44,
  	0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4A,0x4B,0x4C,
  	0x4D,0x4E,0x4F,0x50,0x51,0x52,0x53,0x54,
  	0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59,0x5A,0x61,0x62,
  	0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6A,
  	0x6B,0x6C,0x6D,0x6E,0x6F,0x70,0x71,0x72,
  	0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7A
  };
  
  static int do_passwd(int passed_salt, char **salt_p, char **salt_malloc_p,
  	char *passwd, BIO *out, int quiet, int table, int reverse,
  	size_t pw_maxlen, int usecrypt, int use1, int useapr1);
  
  /* -crypt        - standard Unix password algorithm (default)
   * -1            - MD5-based password algorithm
   * -apr1         - MD5-based password algorithm, Apache variant
   * -salt string  - salt
   * -in file      - read passwords from file
   * -stdin        - read passwords from stdin
   * -noverify     - never verify when reading password from terminal
   * -quiet        - no warnings
   * -table        - format output as table
   * -reverse      - switch table columns
   */
  
  extern "C" int MAIN(int, char **);
  
  int MAIN(int argc, char **argv)
  	{
  	int ret = 1;
  	char *infile = NULL;
  	int in_stdin = 0;
  	int in_noverify = 0;
  	char *salt = NULL, *passwd = NULL, **passwds = NULL;
  	char *salt_malloc = NULL, *passwd_malloc = NULL;
  	size_t passwd_malloc_size = 0;
  	int pw_source_defined = 0;
  	BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL;
  	int i, badopt, opt_done;
  	int passed_salt = 0, quiet = 0, table = 0, reverse = 0;
  	int usecrypt = 0, use1 = 0, useapr1 = 0;
  	size_t pw_maxlen = 0;
  
  	apps_startup();
  
  	if (bio_err == NULL)
  		if ((bio_err=BIO_new(BIO_s_file())) != NULL)
  			BIO_set_fp(bio_err,OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDERR,BIO_NOCLOSE|BIO_FP_TEXT);
  
  	if (!load_config(bio_err, NULL))
  		goto err;
  	out = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
  	if (out == NULL)
  		goto err;
  	BIO_set_fp(out, OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDOUT, BIO_NOCLOSE | BIO_FP_TEXT);
  #ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
  	{
  	BIO *tmpbio = BIO_new(BIO_f_linebuffer());
  	out = BIO_push(tmpbio, out);
  	}
  #endif
  
  	badopt = 0, opt_done = 0;
  	i = 0;
  	while (!badopt && !opt_done && argv[++i] != NULL)
  		{
  		if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-crypt") == 0)
  			usecrypt = 1;
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-1") == 0)
  			use1 = 1;
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-apr1") == 0)
  			useapr1 = 1;
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-salt") == 0)
  			{
  			if ((argv[i+1] != NULL) && (salt == NULL))
  				{
  				passed_salt = 1;
  				salt = argv[++i];
  				}
  			else
  				badopt = 1;
  			}
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-in") == 0)
  			{
  			if ((argv[i+1] != NULL) && !pw_source_defined)
  				{
  				pw_source_defined = 1;
  				infile = argv[++i];
  				}
  			else
  				badopt = 1;
  			}
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-stdin") == 0)
  			{
  			if (!pw_source_defined)
  				{
  				pw_source_defined = 1;
  				in_stdin = 1;
  				}
  			else
  				badopt = 1;
  			}
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-noverify") == 0)
  			in_noverify = 1;
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-quiet") == 0)
  			quiet = 1;
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-table") == 0)
  			table = 1;
  		else if (TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(argv[i], "-reverse") == 0)
  			reverse = 1;
  		else if (argv[i][0] == '-')
  			badopt = 1;
  		else if (!pw_source_defined)
  			/* non-option arguments, use as passwords */
  			{
  			pw_source_defined = 1;
  			passwds = &argv[i];
  			opt_done = 1;
  			}
  		else
  			badopt = 1;
  		}
  
  	if (!usecrypt && !use1 && !useapr1) /* use default */
  		usecrypt = 1;
  	if (usecrypt + use1 + useapr1 > 1) /* conflict */
  		badopt = 1;
  
  	/* reject unsupported algorithms */
  #ifdef OPENSSL_NO_DES
  	if (usecrypt) badopt = 1;
  #endif
  #ifdef NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  	if (use1 || useapr1) badopt = 1;
  #endif
  
  	if (badopt) 
  		{
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "Usage: passwd [options] [passwords]\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "where options are\n");
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-crypt             standard Unix password algorithm (default)\n");
  #endif
  #ifndef NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-1                 MD5-based password algorithm\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-apr1              MD5-based password algorithm, Apache variant\n");
  #endif
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-salt string       use provided salt\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-in file           read passwords from file\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-stdin             read passwords from stdin\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-noverify          never verify when reading password from terminal\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-quiet             no warnings\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-table             format output as table\n");
  		BIO_printf(bio_err, "-reverse           switch table columns\n");
  		
  		goto err;
  		}
  
  	if ((infile != NULL) || in_stdin)
  		{
  		in = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
  		if (in == NULL)
  			goto err;
  		if (infile != NULL)
  			{
  			TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(in_stdin == 0);
  			if (BIO_read_filename(in, infile) <= 0)
  				goto err;
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(in_stdin);
  			BIO_set_fp(in, OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDIN, BIO_NOCLOSE);
  			}
  		}
  	
  	if (usecrypt)
  		pw_maxlen = 8;
  	else if (use1 || useapr1)
  		pw_maxlen = 256; /* arbitrary limit, should be enough for most passwords */
  
  	if (passwds == NULL)
  		{
  		/* no passwords on the command line */
  
  		passwd_malloc_size = pw_maxlen + 2;
  		/* longer than necessary so that we can warn about truncation */
  		passwd = passwd_malloc = (char*)OPENSSL_malloc(passwd_malloc_size);
  		if (passwd_malloc == NULL)
  			goto err;
  		}
  
  	if ((in == NULL) && (passwds == NULL))
  		{
  		/* build a null-terminated list */
  		static char *passwds_static[2] = {NULL, NULL};
  		
  		passwds = passwds_static;
  		if (in == NULL)
  			if (EVP_read_pw_string(passwd_malloc, passwd_malloc_size, "Password: ", !(passed_salt || in_noverify)) != 0)
  				goto err;
  		passwds[0] = passwd_malloc;
  		}
  
  	if (in == NULL)
  		{
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(passwds != NULL);
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(*passwds != NULL);
  		
  		do /* loop over list of passwords */
  			{
  			passwd = *passwds++;
  			if (!do_passwd(passed_salt, &salt, &salt_malloc, passwd, out,
  				quiet, table, reverse, pw_maxlen, usecrypt, use1, useapr1))
  				goto err;
  			}
  		while (*passwds != NULL);
  		}
  	else
  		/* in != NULL */
  		{
  		int done;
  
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT (passwd != NULL);
  		do
  			{
  			int r = BIO_gets(in, passwd, pw_maxlen + 1);
  			if (r > 0)
  				{
  				char *c = (strchr(passwd, '\n')) ;
  				if (c != NULL)
  					*c = 0; /* truncate at newline */
  				else
  					{
  					/* ignore rest of line */
  					char trash[BUFSIZ];
  					do
  						r = BIO_gets(in, trash, sizeof trash);
  					while ((r > 0) && (!strchr(trash, '\n')));
  					}
  				
  				if (!do_passwd(passed_salt, &salt, &salt_malloc, passwd, out,
  					quiet, table, reverse, pw_maxlen, usecrypt, use1, useapr1))
  					goto err;
  				}
  			done = (r <= 0);
  			}
  		while (!done);
  		}
  	ret = 0;
  
  err:
  	ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
  	if (salt_malloc)
  		OPENSSL_free(salt_malloc);
  	if (passwd_malloc)
  		OPENSSL_free(passwd_malloc);
  	if (in)
  		BIO_free(in);
  	if (out)
  		BIO_free_all(out);
  	apps_shutdown();
  	OPENSSL_EXIT(ret);
  	}
  
  
  #ifndef NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  /* MD5-based password algorithm (should probably be available as a library
   * function; then the static buffer would not be acceptable).
   * For magic string "1", this should be compatible to the MD5-based BSD
   * password algorithm.
   * For 'magic' string "apr1", this is compatible to the MD5-based Apache
   * password algorithm.
   * (Apparently, the Apache password algorithm is identical except that the
   * 'magic' string was changed -- the laziest application of the NIH principle
   * I've ever encountered.)
   */
  static char *md5crypt(const char *passwd, const char *magic, const char *salt)
  	{
  	static char out_buf[6 + 9 + 24 + 2]; /* "$apr1$..salt..$.......md5hash..........\0" */
  	unsigned char buf[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
  	char *salt_out;
  	int n;
  	unsigned int i;
  	EVP_MD_CTX md,md2;
  	size_t passwd_len, salt_len;
  
  	passwd_len = TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(passwd);
  	out_buf[0] = '$';
  	out_buf[1] = 0;
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(magic) <= 4); /* "1" or "apr1" */
  	strncat(out_buf, magic, 4);
  	strncat(out_buf, "$", 1);
  	strncat(out_buf, salt, 8);
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(out_buf) <= 6 + 8); /* "$apr1$..salt.." */
  	salt_out = out_buf + 2 + TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(magic);
  	salt_len = TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(salt_out);
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(salt_len <= 8);
  	
  	EVP_MD_CTX_init(&md);
  	EVP_DigestInit_ex(&md,EVP_md5(), NULL);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, passwd, passwd_len);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, "$", 1);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, magic, TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(magic));
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, "$", 1);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, salt_out, salt_len);
  	
  	EVP_MD_CTX_init(&md2);
  	EVP_DigestInit_ex(&md2,EVP_md5(), NULL);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, passwd, passwd_len);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, salt_out, salt_len);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, passwd, passwd_len);
  	EVP_DigestFinal_ex(&md2, buf, NULL);
  
  	for (i = passwd_len; i > sizeof buf; i -= sizeof buf)
  		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, buf, sizeof buf);
  	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, buf, i);
  	
  	n = passwd_len;
  	while (n)
  		{
  		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, (n & 1) ? "\0" : passwd, 1);
  		n >>= 1;
  		}
  	EVP_DigestFinal_ex(&md, buf, NULL);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
  		{
  		EVP_DigestInit_ex(&md2,EVP_md5(), NULL);
  		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, (i & 1) ? (unsigned const char *) passwd : buf,
  		                       (i & 1) ? passwd_len : sizeof buf);
  		if (i % 3)
  			EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, salt_out, salt_len);
  		if (i % 7)
  			EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, passwd, passwd_len);
  		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md2, (i & 1) ? buf : (unsigned const char *) passwd,
  		                       (i & 1) ? sizeof buf : passwd_len);
  		EVP_DigestFinal_ex(&md2, buf, NULL);
  		}
  	EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&md2);
  	
  	 {
  		/* transform buf into output string */
  	
  		unsigned char buf_perm[sizeof buf];
  		int dest, source;
  		char *output;
  
  		/* silly output permutation */
  		for (dest = 0, source = 0; dest < 14; dest++, source = (source + 6) % 17)
  			buf_perm[dest] = buf[source];
  		buf_perm[14] = buf[5];
  		buf_perm[15] = buf[11];
  #ifndef PEDANTIC /* Unfortunately, this generates a "no effect" warning */
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(16 == sizeof buf_perm);
  #endif
  		
  		output = salt_out + salt_len;
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(output == out_buf + TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(out_buf));
  		
  		*output++ = '$';
  
  		for (i = 0; i < 15; i += 3)
  			{
  			*output++ = cov_2char[buf_perm[i+2] & 0x3f];
  			*output++ = cov_2char[((buf_perm[i+1] & 0xf) << 2) |
  				                  (buf_perm[i+2] >> 6)];
  			*output++ = cov_2char[((buf_perm[i] & 3) << 4) |
  				                  (buf_perm[i+1] >> 4)];
  			*output++ = cov_2char[buf_perm[i] >> 2];
  			}
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(i == 15);
  		*output++ = cov_2char[buf_perm[i] & 0x3f];
  		*output++ = cov_2char[buf_perm[i] >> 6];
  		*output = 0;
  		TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(out_buf) < sizeof(out_buf));
  	 }
  	EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&md);
  
  	return out_buf;
  	}
  #endif
  
  
  static int do_passwd(int passed_salt, char **salt_p, char **salt_malloc_p,
  	char *passwd, BIO *out,	int quiet, int table, int reverse,
  	size_t pw_maxlen, int usecrypt, int use1, int useapr1)
  	{
  	char *hash = NULL;
  
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(salt_p != NULL);
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(salt_malloc_p != NULL);
  
  	/* first make sure we have a salt */
  	if (!passed_salt)
  		{
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
  		if (usecrypt)
  			{
  			if (*salt_malloc_p == NULL)
  				{
  				*salt_p = *salt_malloc_p = (char*)OPENSSL_malloc(3);
  				if (*salt_malloc_p == NULL)
  					goto err;
  				}
  			if (RAND_pseudo_bytes((unsigned char *)*salt_p, 2) < 0)
  				goto err;
  			(*salt_p)[0] = cov_2char[(*salt_p)[0] & 0x3f]; /* 6 bits */
  			(*salt_p)[1] = cov_2char[(*salt_p)[1] & 0x3f]; /* 6 bits */
  			(*salt_p)[2] = 0;
  #ifdef CHARSET_EBCDIC
  			ascii2ebcdic(*salt_p, *salt_p, 2); /* des_crypt will convert
  			                                    * back to ASCII */
  #endif
  			}
  #endif /* !OPENSSL_NO_DES */
  
  #ifndef NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  		if (use1 || useapr1)
  			{
  			int i;
  			
  			if (*salt_malloc_p == NULL)
  				{
  				*salt_p = *salt_malloc_p = (char*)OPENSSL_malloc(9);
  				if (*salt_malloc_p == NULL)
  					goto err;
  				}
  			if (RAND_pseudo_bytes((unsigned char *)*salt_p, 8) < 0)
  				goto err;
  			
  			for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
  				(*salt_p)[i] = cov_2char[(*salt_p)[i] & 0x3f]; /* 6 bits */
  			(*salt_p)[8] = 0;
  			}
  #endif /* !NO_MD5CRYPT_1 */
  		}
  	
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(*salt_p != NULL);
  	
  	/* truncate password if necessary */
  	if ((TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(passwd) > pw_maxlen))
  		{
  		if (!quiet)
  			/* XXX: really we should know how to print a size_t, not cast it */
  			BIO_printf(bio_err, "Warning: truncating password to %u characters\n", (unsigned)pw_maxlen);
  		passwd[pw_maxlen] = 0;
  		}
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(TINYCLR_SSL_STRLEN(passwd) <= pw_maxlen);
  	
  	/* now compute password hash */
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
  	if (usecrypt)
  		hash = DES_crypt(passwd, *salt_p);
  #endif
  #ifndef NO_MD5CRYPT_1
  	if (use1 || useapr1)
  		hash = md5crypt(passwd, (use1 ? "1" : "apr1"), *salt_p);
  #endif
  	TINYCLR_SSL_ASSERT(hash != NULL);
  
  	if (table && !reverse)
  		BIO_printf(out, "%s\t%s\n", passwd, hash);
  	else if (table && reverse)
  		BIO_printf(out, "%s\t%s\n", hash, passwd);
  	else
  		BIO_printf(out, "%s\n", hash);
  	return 1;
  	
  err:
  	return 0;
  	}
  #else
  
  int MAIN(int argc, char **argv)
  	{
  	TINYCLR_SSL_FPUTS("Program not available.\n", OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDERR)
  	OPENSSL_EXIT(1);
  	}
  #endif
  