text: /* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
   *
   * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
   *
   * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
   * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
   * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
   */
  
  /*
   * ex_cmds.c: some functions for command line commands
   */
  
  #include "vim.h"
  #include "version.h"
  
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
  # include <float.h>
  #endif
  
  static int linelen(int *has_tab);
  static void do_filter(linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, exarg_T *eap, char_u *cmd, int do_in, int do_out);
  static int not_writing(void);
  static int check_readonly(int *forceit, buf_T *buf);
  static void delbuf_msg(char_u *name);
  
  /*
   * ":ascii" and "ga".
   */
      void
  do_ascii(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
  {
      int		c;
      int		cval;
      char	buf1[20];
      char	buf2[20];
      char_u	buf3[7];
  #ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
      char_u      *dig;
  #endif
      int		cc[MAX_MCO];
      int		ci = 0;
      int		len;
  
      if (enc_utf8)
  	c = utfc_ptr2char(ml_get_cursor(), cc);
      else
  	c = gchar_cursor();
      if (c == NUL)
      {
  	msg("NUL");
  	return;
      }
  
      IObuff[0] = NUL;
      if (!has_mbyte || (enc_dbcs != 0 && c < 0x100) || c < 0x80)
      {
  	if (c == NL)	    // NUL is stored as NL
  	    c = NUL;
  	if (c == CAR && get_fileformat(curbuf) == EOL_MAC)
  	    cval = NL;	    // NL is stored as CR
  	else
  	    cval = c;
  	if (vim_isprintc_strict(c) && (c < ' '
  #ifndef EBCDIC
  		    || c > '~'
  #endif
  			       ))
  	{
  	    transchar_nonprint(curbuf, buf3, c);
  	    vim_snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "  <%s>", (char *)buf3);
  	}
  	else
  	    buf1[0] = NUL;
  #ifndef EBCDIC
  	if (c >= 0x80)
  	    vim_snprintf(buf2, sizeof(buf2), "  <M-%s>",
  						 (char *)transchar(c & 0x7f));
  	else
  #endif
  	    buf2[0] = NUL;
  #ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
  	dig = get_digraph_for_char(cval);
  	if (dig != NULL)
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
  		_("<%s>%s%s  %d,  Hex %02x,  Oct %03o, Digr %s"),
  			      transchar(c), buf1, buf2, cval, cval, cval, dig);
  	else
  #endif
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
  		_("<%s>%s%s  %d,  Hex %02x,  Octal %03o"),
  				  transchar(c), buf1, buf2, cval, cval, cval);
  	if (enc_utf8)
  	    c = cc[ci++];
  	else
  	    c = 0;
      }
  
      // Repeat for combining characters.
      while (has_mbyte && (c >= 0x100 || (enc_utf8 && c >= 0x80)))
      {
  	len = (int)STRLEN(IObuff);
  	// This assumes every multi-byte char is printable...
  	if (len > 0)
  	    IObuff[len++] = ' ';
  	IObuff[len++] = '<';
  	if (enc_utf8 && utf_iscomposing(c)
  # ifdef USE_GUI
  		&& !gui.in_use
  # endif
  		)
  	    IObuff[len++] = ' '; // draw composing char on top of a space
  	len += (*mb_char2bytes)(c, IObuff + len);
  #ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
  	dig = get_digraph_for_char(c);
  	if (dig != NULL)
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff + len, IOSIZE - len,
  			c < 0x10000 ? _("> %d, Hex %04x, Oct %o, Digr %s")
  				    : _("> %d, Hex %08x, Oct %o, Digr %s"),
  					c, c, c, dig);
  	else
  #endif
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff + len, IOSIZE - len,
  			 c < 0x10000 ? _("> %d, Hex %04x, Octal %o")
  				     : _("> %d, Hex %08x, Octal %o"),
  				     c, c, c);
  	if (ci == MAX_MCO)
  	    break;
  	if (enc_utf8)
  	    c = cc[ci++];
  	else
  	    c = 0;
      }
  
      msg((char *)IObuff);
  }
  
  /*
   * ":left", ":center" and ":right": align text.
   */
      void
  ex_align(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      pos_T	save_curpos;
      int		len;
      int		indent = 0;
      int		new_indent;
      int		has_tab;
      int		width;
  
  #ifdef FEAT_RIGHTLEFT
      if (curwin->w_p_rl)
      {
  	// switch left and right aligning
  	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_right)
  	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_left;
  	else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_left)
  	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_right;
      }
  #endif
  
      width = atoi((char *)eap->arg);
      save_curpos = curwin->w_cursor;
      if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_left)    // width is used for new indent
      {
  	if (width >= 0)
  	    indent = width;
      }
      else
      {
  	/*
  	 * if 'textwidth' set, use it
  	 * else if 'wrapmargin' set, use it
  	 * if invalid value, use 80
  	 */
  	if (width <= 0)
  	    width = curbuf->b_p_tw;
  	if (width == 0 && curbuf->b_p_wm > 0)
  	    width = curwin->w_width - curbuf->b_p_wm;
  	if (width <= 0)
  	    width = 80;
      }
  
      if (u_save((linenr_T)(eap->line1 - 1), (linenr_T)(eap->line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
  	return;
  
      for (curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
  		 curwin->w_cursor.lnum <= eap->line2; ++curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
      {
  	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_left)		// left align
  	    new_indent = indent;
  	else
  	{
  	    has_tab = FALSE;	// avoid uninit warnings
  	    len = linelen(eap->cmdidx == CMD_right ? &has_tab
  						   : NULL) - get_indent();
  
  	    if (len <= 0)			// skip blank lines
  		continue;
  
  	    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_center)
  		new_indent = (width - len) / 2;
  	    else
  	    {
  		new_indent = width - len;	// right align
  
  		/*
  		 * Make sure that embedded TABs don't make the text go too far
  		 * to the right.
  		 */
  		if (has_tab)
  		    while (new_indent > 0)
  		    {
  			(void)set_indent(new_indent, 0);
  			if (linelen(NULL) <= width)
  			{
  			    /*
  			     * Now try to move the line as much as possible to
  			     * the right.  Stop when it moves too far.
  			     */
  			    do
  				(void)set_indent(++new_indent, 0);
  			    while (linelen(NULL) <= width);
  			    --new_indent;
  			    break;
  			}
  			--new_indent;
  		    }
  	    }
  	}
  	if (new_indent < 0)
  	    new_indent = 0;
  	(void)set_indent(new_indent, 0);		// set indent
      }
      changed_lines(eap->line1, 0, eap->line2 + 1, 0L);
      curwin->w_cursor = save_curpos;
      beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
  }
  
  /*
   * Get the length of the current line, excluding trailing white space.
   */
      static int
  linelen(int *has_tab)
  {
      char_u  *line;
      char_u  *first;
      char_u  *last;
      int	    save;
      int	    len;
  
      // Get the line.  If it's empty bail out early (could be the empty string
      // for an unloaded buffer).
      line = ml_get_curline();
      if (*line == NUL)
  	return 0;
  
      // find the first non-blank character
      first = skipwhite(line);
  
      // find the character after the last non-blank character
      for (last = first + STRLEN(first);
  				last > first && VIM_ISWHITE(last[-1]); --last)
  	;
      save = *last;
      *last = NUL;
      len = linetabsize(line);		// get line length
      if (has_tab != NULL)		// check for embedded TAB
  	*has_tab = (vim_strchr(first, TAB) != NULL);
      *last = save;
  
      return len;
  }
  
  // Buffer for two lines used during sorting.  They are allocated to
  // contain the longest line being sorted.
  static char_u	*sortbuf1;
  static char_u	*sortbuf2;
  
  static int	sort_lc;	// sort using locale
  static int	sort_ic;	// ignore case
  static int	sort_nr;	// sort on number
  static int	sort_rx;	// sort on regex instead of skipping it
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
  static int	sort_flt;	// sort on floating number
  #endif
  
  static int	sort_abort;	// flag to indicate if sorting has been interrupted
  
  // Struct to store info to be sorted.
  typedef struct
  {
      linenr_T	lnum;			// line number
      union {
  	struct
  	{
  	    varnumber_T	start_col_nr;	// starting column number
  	    varnumber_T	end_col_nr;	// ending column number
  	} line;
  	struct
  	{
  	    varnumber_T	value;		// value if sorting by integer
  	    int is_number;		// TRUE when line contains a number
  	} num;
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
  	float_T value_flt;		// value if sorting by float
  #endif
      } st_u;
  } sorti_T;
  
      static int
  string_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2)
  {
      if (sort_lc)
  	return strcoll((char *)s1, (char *)s2);
      return sort_ic ? STRICMP(s1, s2) : STRCMP(s1, s2);
  }
  
      static int
  sort_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2)
  {
      sorti_T	l1 = *(sorti_T *)s1;
      sorti_T	l2 = *(sorti_T *)s2;
      int		result = 0;
  
      // If the user interrupts, there's no way to stop qsort() immediately, but
      // if we return 0 every time, qsort will assume it's done sorting and
      // exit.
      if (sort_abort)
  	return 0;
      fast_breakcheck();
      if (got_int)
  	sort_abort = TRUE;
  
      if (sort_nr)
      {
  	if (l1.st_u.num.is_number != l2.st_u.num.is_number)
  	    result = l1.st_u.num.is_number - l2.st_u.num.is_number;
  	else
  	    result = l1.st_u.num.value == l2.st_u.num.value ? 0
  			     : l1.st_u.num.value > l2.st_u.num.value ? 1 : -1;
      }
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
      else if (sort_flt)
  	result = l1.st_u.value_flt == l2.st_u.value_flt ? 0
  			     : l1.st_u.value_flt > l2.st_u.value_flt ? 1 : -1;
  #endif
      else
      {
  	// We need to copy one line into "sortbuf1", because there is no
  	// guarantee that the first pointer becomes invalid when obtaining the
  	// second one.
  	STRNCPY(sortbuf1, ml_get(l1.lnum) + l1.st_u.line.start_col_nr,
  		     l1.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l1.st_u.line.start_col_nr + 1);
  	sortbuf1[l1.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l1.st_u.line.start_col_nr] = 0;
  	STRNCPY(sortbuf2, ml_get(l2.lnum) + l2.st_u.line.start_col_nr,
  		     l2.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l2.st_u.line.start_col_nr + 1);
  	sortbuf2[l2.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l2.st_u.line.start_col_nr] = 0;
  
  	result = string_compare(sortbuf1, sortbuf2);
      }
  
      // If two lines have the same value, preserve the original line order.
      if (result == 0)
  	return (int)(l1.lnum - l2.lnum);
      return result;
  }
  
  /*
   * ":sort".
   */
      void
  ex_sort(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      regmatch_T	regmatch;
      int		len;
      linenr_T	lnum;
      long	maxlen = 0;
      sorti_T	*nrs;
      size_t	count = (size_t)(eap->line2 - eap->line1 + 1);
      size_t	i;
      char_u	*p;
      char_u	*s;
      char_u	*s2;
      char_u	c;			// temporary character storage
      int		unique = FALSE;
      long	deleted;
      colnr_T	start_col;
      colnr_T	end_col;
      int		sort_what = 0;
      int		format_found = 0;
      int		change_occurred = FALSE; // Buffer contents changed.
  
      // Sorting one line is really quick!
      if (count <= 1)
  	return;
  
      if (u_save((linenr_T)(eap->line1 - 1), (linenr_T)(eap->line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
  	return;
      sortbuf1 = NULL;
      sortbuf2 = NULL;
      regmatch.regprog = NULL;
      nrs = ALLOC_MULT(sorti_T, count);
      if (nrs == NULL)
  	goto sortend;
  
      sort_abort = sort_ic = sort_lc = sort_rx = sort_nr = 0;
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
      sort_flt = 0;
  #endif
  
      for (p = eap->arg; *p != NUL; ++p)
      {
  	if (VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
  	    ;
  	else if (*p == 'i')
  	    sort_ic = TRUE;
  	else if (*p == 'l')
  	    sort_lc = TRUE;
  	else if (*p == 'r')
  	    sort_rx = TRUE;
  	else if (*p == 'n')
  	{
  	    sort_nr = 1;
  	    ++format_found;
  	}
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
  	else if (*p == 'f')
  	{
  	    sort_flt = 1;
  	    ++format_found;
  	}
  #endif
  	else if (*p == 'b')
  	{
  	    sort_what = STR2NR_BIN + STR2NR_FORCE;
  	    ++format_found;
  	}
  	else if (*p == 'o')
  	{
  	    sort_what = STR2NR_OCT + STR2NR_FORCE;
  	    ++format_found;
  	}
  	else if (*p == 'x')
  	{
  	    sort_what = STR2NR_HEX + STR2NR_FORCE;
  	    ++format_found;
  	}
  	else if (*p == 'u')
  	    unique = TRUE;
  	else if (*p == '"')	// comment start
  	    break;
  	else if (check_nextcmd(p) != NULL)
  	{
  	    eap->nextcmd = check_nextcmd(p);
  	    break;
  	}
  	else if (!ASCII_ISALPHA(*p) && regmatch.regprog == NULL)
  	{
  	    s = skip_regexp_err(p + 1, *p, TRUE);
  	    if (s == NULL)
  		goto sortend;
  	    *s = NUL;
  	    // Use last search pattern if sort pattern is empty.
  	    if (s == p + 1)
  	    {
  		if (last_search_pat() == NULL)
  		{
  		    emsg(_(e_noprevre));
  		    goto sortend;
  		}
  		regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(last_search_pat(), RE_MAGIC);
  	    }
  	    else
  		regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(p + 1, RE_MAGIC);
  	    if (regmatch.regprog == NULL)
  		goto sortend;
  	    p = s;		// continue after the regexp
  	    regmatch.rm_ic = p_ic;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    semsg(_(e_invarg2), p);
  	    goto sortend;
  	}
      }
  
      // Can only have one of 'n', 'b', 'o' and 'x'.
      if (format_found > 1)
      {
  	emsg(_(e_invarg));
  	goto sortend;
      }
  
      // From here on "sort_nr" is used as a flag for any integer number
      // sorting.
      sort_nr += sort_what;
  
      /*
       * Make an array with all line numbers.  This avoids having to copy all
       * the lines into allocated memory.
       * When sorting on strings "start_col_nr" is the offset in the line, for
       * numbers sorting it's the number to sort on.  This means the pattern
       * matching and number conversion only has to be done once per line.
       * Also get the longest line length for allocating "sortbuf".
       */
      for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= eap->line2; ++lnum)
      {
  	s = ml_get(lnum);
  	len = (int)STRLEN(s);
  	if (maxlen < len)
  	    maxlen = len;
  
  	start_col = 0;
  	end_col = len;
  	if (regmatch.regprog != NULL && vim_regexec(&regmatch, s, 0))
  	{
  	    if (sort_rx)
  	    {
  		start_col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.startp[0] - s);
  		end_col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.endp[0] - s);
  	    }
  	    else
  		start_col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.endp[0] - s);
  	}
  	else
  	    if (regmatch.regprog != NULL)
  		end_col = 0;
  
  	if (sort_nr
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
  		|| sort_flt
  #endif
  		)
  	{
  	    // Make sure vim_str2nr doesn't read any digits past the end
  	    // of the match, by temporarily terminating the string there
  	    s2 = s + end_col;
  	    c = *s2;
  	    *s2 = NUL;
  	    // Sorting on number: Store the number itself.
  	    p = s + start_col;
  	    if (sort_nr)
  	    {
  		if (sort_what & STR2NR_HEX)
  		    s = skiptohex(p);
  		else if (sort_what & STR2NR_BIN)
  		    s = skiptobin(p);
  		else
  		    s = skiptodigit(p);
  		if (s > p && s[-1] == '-')
  		    --s;  // include preceding negative sign
  		if (*s == NUL)
  		{
  		    // line without number should sort before any number
  		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.is_number = FALSE;
  		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.value = 0;
  		}
  		else
  		{
  		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.is_number = TRUE;
  		    vim_str2nr(s, NULL, NULL, sort_what,
  			&nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.value,
  			NULL, 0, FALSE);
  		}
  	    }
  #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
  	    else
  	    {
  		s = skipwhite(p);
  		if (*s == '+')
  		    s = skipwhite(s + 1);
  
  		if (*s == NUL)
  		    // empty line should sort before any number
  		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.value_flt = -DBL_MAX;
  		else
  		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.value_flt =
  						      strtod((char *)s, NULL);
  	    }
  #endif
  	    *s2 = c;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    // Store the column to sort at.
  	    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.line.start_col_nr = start_col;
  	    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.line.end_col_nr = end_col;
  	}
  
  	nrs[lnum - eap->line1].lnum = lnum;
  
  	if (regmatch.regprog != NULL)
  	    fast_breakcheck();
  	if (got_int)
  	    goto sortend;
      }
  
      // Allocate a buffer that can hold the longest line.
      sortbuf1 = alloc(maxlen + 1);
      if (sortbuf1 == NULL)
  	goto sortend;
      sortbuf2 = alloc(maxlen + 1);
      if (sortbuf2 == NULL)
  	goto sortend;
  
      // Sort the array of line numbers.  Note: can't be interrupted!
      qsort((void *)nrs, count, sizeof(sorti_T), sort_compare);
  
      if (sort_abort)
  	goto sortend;
  
      // Insert the lines in the sorted order below the last one.
      lnum = eap->line2;
      for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
      {
  	linenr_T get_lnum = nrs[eap->forceit ? count - i - 1 : i].lnum;
  
  	// If the original line number of the line being placed is not the same
  	// as "lnum" (accounting for offset), we know that the buffer changed.
  	if (get_lnum + ((linenr_T)count - 1) != lnum)
  	    change_occurred = TRUE;
  
  	s = ml_get(get_lnum);
  	if (!unique || i == 0 || string_compare(s, sortbuf1) != 0)
  	{
  	    // Copy the line into a buffer, it may become invalid in
  	    // ml_append(). And it's needed for "unique".
  	    STRCPY(sortbuf1, s);
  	    if (ml_append(lnum++, sortbuf1, (colnr_T)0, FALSE) == FAIL)
  		break;
  	}
  	fast_breakcheck();
  	if (got_int)
  	    goto sortend;
      }
  
      // delete the original lines if appending worked
      if (i == count)
  	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
  	    ml_delete(eap->line1);
      else
  	count = 0;
  
      // Adjust marks for deleted (or added) lines and prepare for displaying.
      deleted = (long)(count - (lnum - eap->line2));
      if (deleted > 0)
      {
  	mark_adjust(eap->line2 - deleted, eap->line2, (long)MAXLNUM, -deleted);
  	msgmore(-deleted);
      }
      else if (deleted < 0)
  	mark_adjust(eap->line2, MAXLNUM, -deleted, 0L);
  
      if (change_occurred || deleted != 0)
  	changed_lines(eap->line1, 0, eap->line2 + 1, -deleted);
  
      curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
      beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
  
  sortend:
      vim_free(nrs);
      vim_free(sortbuf1);
      vim_free(sortbuf2);
      vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
      if (got_int)
  	emsg(_(e_interr));
  }
  
  /*
   * :move command - move lines line1-line2 to line dest
   *
   * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
   */
      int
  do_move(linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, linenr_T dest)
  {
      char_u	*str;
      linenr_T	l;
      linenr_T	extra;	    // Num lines added before line1
      linenr_T	num_lines;  // Num lines moved
      linenr_T	last_line;  // Last line in file after adding new text
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
      win_T	*win;
      tabpage_T	*tp;
  #endif
  
      if (dest >= line1 && dest < line2)
      {
  	emsg(_("E134: Cannot move a range of lines into itself"));
  	return FAIL;
      }
  
      // Do nothing if we are not actually moving any lines.  This will prevent
      // the 'modified' flag from being set without cause.
      if (dest == line1 - 1 || dest == line2)
      {
  	// Move the cursor as if lines were moved (see below) to be backwards
  	// compatible.
  	if (dest >= line1)
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest;
  	else
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest + (line2 - line1) + 1;
  
  	return OK;
      }
  
      num_lines = line2 - line1 + 1;
  
      /*
       * First we copy the old text to its new location -- webb
       * Also copy the flag that ":global" command uses.
       */
      if (u_save(dest, dest + 1) == FAIL)
  	return FAIL;
      for (extra = 0, l = line1; l <= line2; l++)
      {
  	str = vim_strsave(ml_get(l + extra));
  	if (str != NULL)
  	{
  	    ml_append(dest + l - line1, str, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
  	    vim_free(str);
  	    if (dest < line1)
  		extra++;
  	}
      }
  
      /*
       * Now we must be careful adjusting our marks so that we don't overlap our
       * mark_adjust() calls.
       *
       * We adjust the marks within the old text so that they refer to the
       * last lines of the file (temporarily), because we know no other marks
       * will be set there since these line numbers did not exist until we added
       * our new lines.
       *
       * Then we adjust the marks on lines between the old and new text positions
       * (either forwards or backwards).
       *
       * And Finally we adjust the marks we put at the end of the file back to
       * their final destination at the new text position -- webb
       */
      last_line = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      mark_adjust_nofold(line1, line2, last_line - line2, 0L);
      if (dest >= line2)
      {
  	mark_adjust_nofold(line2 + 1, dest, -num_lines, 0L);
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  	FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, win) {
  	    if (win->w_buffer == curbuf)
  		foldMoveRange(&win->w_folds, line1, line2, dest);
  	}
  #endif
  	if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS) == 0)
  	{
  	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = dest - num_lines + 1;
  	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = dest;
  	}
      }
      else
      {
  	mark_adjust_nofold(dest + 1, line1 - 1, num_lines, 0L);
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  	FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, win) {
  	    if (win->w_buffer == curbuf)
  		foldMoveRange(&win->w_folds, dest + 1, line1 - 1, line2);
  	}
  #endif
  	if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS) == 0)
  	{
  	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = dest + 1;
  	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = dest + num_lines;
  	}
      }
      if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS) == 0)
  	curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
      mark_adjust_nofold(last_line - num_lines + 1, last_line,
  					     -(last_line - dest - extra), 0L);
  
      /*
       * Now we delete the original text -- webb
       */
      if (u_save(line1 + extra - 1, line2 + extra + 1) == FAIL)
  	return FAIL;
  
      for (l = line1; l <= line2; l++)
  	ml_delete_flags(line1 + extra, ML_DEL_MESSAGE);
  
      if (!global_busy && num_lines > p_report)
  	smsg(NGETTEXT("%ld line moved", "%ld lines moved", num_lines),
  			(long)num_lines);
  
      /*
       * Leave the cursor on the last of the moved lines.
       */
      if (dest >= line1)
  	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest;
      else
  	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest + (line2 - line1) + 1;
  
      if (line1 < dest)
      {
  	dest += num_lines + 1;
  	last_line = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  	if (dest > last_line + 1)
  	    dest = last_line + 1;
  	changed_lines(line1, 0, dest, 0L);
      }
      else
  	changed_lines(dest + 1, 0, line1 + num_lines, 0L);
  
      return OK;
  }
  
  /*
   * ":copy"
   */
      void
  ex_copy(linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, linenr_T n)
  {
      linenr_T	count;
      char_u	*p;
  
      count = line2 - line1 + 1;
      if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS) == 0)
      {
  	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = n + 1;
  	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = n + count;
  	curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
      }
  
      /*
       * there are three situations:
       * 1. destination is above line1
       * 2. destination is between line1 and line2
       * 3. destination is below line2
       *
       * n = destination (when starting)
       * curwin->w_cursor.lnum = destination (while copying)
       * line1 = start of source (while copying)
       * line2 = end of source (while copying)
       */
      if (u_save(n, n + 1) == FAIL)
  	return;
  
      curwin->w_cursor.lnum = n;
      while (line1 <= line2)
      {
  	// need to use vim_strsave() because the line will be unlocked within
  	// ml_append()
  	p = vim_strsave(ml_get(line1));
  	if (p != NULL)
  	{
  	    ml_append(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, p, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
  	    vim_free(p);
  	}
  	// situation 2: skip already copied lines
  	if (line1 == n)
  	    line1 = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
  	++line1;
  	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum < line1)
  	    ++line1;
  	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum < line2)
  	    ++line2;
  	++curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
      }
  
      appended_lines_mark(n, count);
  
      msgmore((long)count);
  }
  
  static char_u	*prevcmd = NULL;	// the previous command
  
  #if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
      void
  free_prev_shellcmd(void)
  {
      vim_free(prevcmd);
  }
  #endif
  
  /*
   * Handle the ":!cmd" command.	Also for ":r !cmd" and ":w !cmd"
   * Bangs in the argument are replaced with the previously entered command.
   * Remember the argument.
   */
      void
  do_bang(
      int		addr_count,
      exarg_T	*eap,
      int		forceit,
      int		do_in,
      int		do_out)
  {
      char_u		*arg = eap->arg;	// command
      linenr_T		line1 = eap->line1;	// start of range
      linenr_T		line2 = eap->line2;	// end of range
      char_u		*newcmd = NULL;		// the new command
      int			free_newcmd = FALSE;    // need to free() newcmd
      int			ins_prevcmd;
      char_u		*t;
      char_u		*p;
      char_u		*trailarg;
      int			len;
      int			scroll_save = msg_scroll;
  
      /*
       * Disallow shell commands for "rvim".
       * Disallow shell commands from .exrc and .vimrc in current directory for
       * security reasons.
       */
      if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
  	return;
  
      if (addr_count == 0)		// :!
      {
  	msg_scroll = FALSE;	    // don't scroll here
  	autowrite_all();
  	msg_scroll = scroll_save;
      }
  
      /*
       * Try to find an embedded bang, like in :!<cmd> ! [args]
       * (:!! is indicated by the 'forceit' variable)
       */
      ins_prevcmd = forceit;
      trailarg = arg;
      do
      {
  	len = (int)STRLEN(trailarg) + 1;
  	if (newcmd != NULL)
  	    len += (int)STRLEN(newcmd);
  	if (ins_prevcmd)
  	{
  	    if (prevcmd == NULL)
  	    {
  		emsg(_(e_noprev));
  		vim_free(newcmd);
  		return;
  	    }
  	    len += (int)STRLEN(prevcmd);
  	}
  	if ((t = alloc(len)) == NULL)
  	{
  	    vim_free(newcmd);
  	    return;
  	}
  	*t = NUL;
  	if (newcmd != NULL)
  	    STRCAT(t, newcmd);
  	if (ins_prevcmd)
  	    STRCAT(t, prevcmd);
  	p = t + STRLEN(t);
  	STRCAT(t, trailarg);
  	vim_free(newcmd);
  	newcmd = t;
  
  	/*
  	 * Scan the rest of the argument for '!', which is replaced by the
  	 * previous command.  "\!" is replaced by "!" (this is vi compatible).
  	 */
  	trailarg = NULL;
  	while (*p)
  	{
  	    if (*p == '!')
  	    {
  		if (p > newcmd && p[-1] == '\\')
  		    STRMOVE(p - 1, p);
  		else
  		{
  		    trailarg = p;
  		    *trailarg++ = NUL;
  		    ins_prevcmd = TRUE;
  		    break;
  		}
  	    }
  	    ++p;
  	}
      } while (trailarg != NULL);
  
      vim_free(prevcmd);
      prevcmd = newcmd;
  
      if (bangredo)	    // put cmd in redo buffer for ! command
      {
  	// If % or # appears in the command, it must have been escaped.
  	// Reescape them, so that redoing them does not substitute them by the
  	// buffername.
  	char_u *cmd = vim_strsave_escaped(prevcmd, (char_u *)"%#");
  
  	if (cmd != NULL)
  	{
  	    AppendToRedobuffLit(cmd, -1);
  	    vim_free(cmd);
  	}
  	else
  	    AppendToRedobuffLit(prevcmd, -1);
  	AppendToRedobuff((char_u *)"\n");
  	bangredo = FALSE;
      }
      /*
       * Add quotes around the command, for shells that need them.
       */
      if (*p_shq != NUL)
      {
  	newcmd = alloc(STRLEN(prevcmd) + 2 * STRLEN(p_shq) + 1);
  	if (newcmd == NULL)
  	    return;
  	STRCPY(newcmd, p_shq);
  	STRCAT(newcmd, prevcmd);
  	STRCAT(newcmd, p_shq);
  	free_newcmd = TRUE;
      }
      if (addr_count == 0)		// :!
      {
  	// echo the command
  	msg_start();
  	msg_putchar(':');
  	msg_putchar('!');
  	msg_outtrans(newcmd);
  	msg_clr_eos();
  	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
  
  	do_shell(newcmd, 0);
      }
      else				// :range!
      {
  	// Careful: This may recursively call do_bang() again! (because of
  	// autocommands)
  	do_filter(line1, line2, eap, newcmd, do_in, do_out);
  	apply_autocmds(EVENT_SHELLFILTERPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
      }
      if (free_newcmd)
  	vim_free(newcmd);
  }
  
  /*
   * do_filter: filter lines through a command given by the user
   *
   * We mostly use temp files and the call_shell() routine here. This would
   * normally be done using pipes on a UNIX machine, but this is more portable
   * to non-unix machines. The call_shell() routine needs to be able
   * to deal with redirection somehow, and should handle things like looking
   * at the PATH env. variable, and adding reasonable extensions to the
   * command name given by the user. All reasonable versions of call_shell()
   * do this.
   * Alternatively, if on Unix and redirecting input or output, but not both,
   * and the 'shelltemp' option isn't set, use pipes.
   * We use input redirection if do_in is TRUE.
   * We use output redirection if do_out is TRUE.
   */
      static void
  do_filter(
      linenr_T	line1,
      linenr_T	line2,
      exarg_T	*eap,		// for forced 'ff' and 'fenc'
      char_u	*cmd,
      int		do_in,
      int		do_out)
  {
      char_u	*itmp = NULL;
      char_u	*otmp = NULL;
      linenr_T	linecount;
      linenr_T	read_linecount;
      pos_T	cursor_save;
      char_u	*cmd_buf;
      buf_T	*old_curbuf = curbuf;
      int		shell_flags = 0;
      pos_T	orig_start = curbuf->b_op_start;
      pos_T	orig_end = curbuf->b_op_end;
      int		save_cmod_flags = cmdmod.cmod_flags;
  #ifdef FEAT_FILTERPIPE
      int		stmp = p_stmp;
  #endif
  
      if (*cmd == NUL)	    // no filter command
  	return;
  
      // Temporarily disable lockmarks since that's needed to propagate changed
      // regions of the buffer for foldUpdate(), linecount, etc.
      cmdmod.cmod_flags &= ~CMOD_LOCKMARKS;
  
      cursor_save = curwin->w_cursor;
      linecount = line2 - line1 + 1;
      curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line1;
      curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
      changed_line_abv_curs();
      invalidate_botline();
  
      /*
       * When using temp files:
       * 1. * Form temp file names
       * 2. * Write the lines to a temp file
       * 3.   Run the filter command on the temp file
       * 4. * Read the output of the command into the buffer
       * 5. * Delete the original lines to be filtered
       * 6. * Remove the temp files
       *
       * When writing the input with a pipe or when catching the output with a
       * pipe only need to do 3.
       */
  
      if (do_out)
  	shell_flags |= SHELL_DOOUT;
  
  #ifdef FEAT_FILTERPIPE
  # ifdef VIMDLL
      if (!gui.in_use && !gui.starting)
  	stmp = 1;   // Console mode doesn't support filterpipe.
  # endif
  
      if (!do_in && do_out && !stmp)
      {
  	// Use a pipe to fetch stdout of the command, do not use a temp file.
  	shell_flags |= SHELL_READ;
  	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line2;
      }
      else if (do_in && !do_out && !stmp)
      {
  	// Use a pipe to write stdin of the command, do not use a temp file.
  	shell_flags |= SHELL_WRITE;
  	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = line1;
  	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = line2;
      }
      else if (do_in && do_out && !stmp)
      {
  	// Use a pipe to write stdin and fetch stdout of the command, do not
  	// use a temp file.
  	shell_flags |= SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE;
  	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = line1;
  	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = line2;
  	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line2;
      }
      else
  #endif
  	if ((do_in && (itmp = vim_tempname('i', FALSE)) == NULL)
  		|| (do_out && (otmp = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL))
  	{
  	    emsg(_(e_notmp));
  	    goto filterend;
  	}
  
  /*
   * The writing and reading of temp files will not be shown.
   * Vi also doesn't do this and the messages are not very informative.
   */
      ++no_wait_return;		// don't call wait_return() while busy
      if (itmp != NULL && buf_write(curbuf, itmp, NULL, line1, line2, eap,
  					   FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE) == FAIL)
      {
  	msg_putchar('\n');		// keep message from buf_write()
  	--no_wait_return;
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
  	if (!aborting())
  #endif
  	    (void)semsg(_(e_notcreate), itmp);	// will call wait_return
  	goto filterend;
      }
      if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
  	goto filterend;
  
      if (!do_out)
  	msg_putchar('\n');
  
      // Create the shell command in allocated memory.
      cmd_buf = make_filter_cmd(cmd, itmp, otmp);
      if (cmd_buf == NULL)
  	goto filterend;
  
      windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);
      cursor_on();
  
      /*
       * When not redirecting the output the command can write anything to the
       * screen. If 'shellredir' is equal to ">", screen may be messed up by
       * stderr output of external command. Clear the screen later.
       * If do_in is FALSE, this could be something like ":r !cat", which may
       * also mess up the screen, clear it later.
       */
      if (!do_out || STRCMP(p_srr, ">") == 0 || !do_in)
  	redraw_later_clear();
  
      if (do_out)
      {
  	if (u_save((linenr_T)(line2), (linenr_T)(line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
  	{
  	    vim_free(cmd_buf);
  	    goto error;
  	}
  	redraw_curbuf_later(VALID);
      }
      read_linecount = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  
      /*
       * When call_shell() fails wait_return() is called to give the user a
       * chance to read the error messages. Otherwise errors are ignored, so you
       * can see the error messages from the command that appear on stdout; use
       * 'u' to fix the text
       * Switch to cooked mode when not redirecting stdin, avoids that something
       * like ":r !cat" hangs.
       * Pass on the SHELL_DOOUT flag when the output is being redirected.
       */
      if (call_shell(cmd_buf, SHELL_FILTER | SHELL_COOKED | shell_flags))
      {
  	redraw_later_clear();
  	wait_return(FALSE);
      }
      vim_free(cmd_buf);
  
      did_check_timestamps = FALSE;
      need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
  
      // When interrupting the shell command, it may still have produced some
      // useful output.  Reset got_int here, so that readfile() won't cancel
      // reading.
      ui_breakcheck();
      got_int = FALSE;
  
      if (do_out)
      {
  	if (otmp != NULL)
  	{
  	    if (readfile(otmp, NULL, line2, (linenr_T)0, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM,
  						    eap, READ_FILTER) != OK)
  	    {
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
  		if (!aborting())
  #endif
  		{
  		    msg_putchar('\n');
  		    semsg(_(e_notread), otmp);
  		}
  		goto error;
  	    }
  	    if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
  		goto filterend;
  	}
  
  	read_linecount = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - read_linecount;
  
  	if (shell_flags & SHELL_READ)
  	{
  	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = line2 + 1;
  	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
  	    appended_lines_mark(line2, read_linecount);
  	}
  
  	if (do_in)
  	{
  	    if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_KEEPMARKS)
  				     || vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_REMMARK) == NULL)
  	    {
  		if (read_linecount >= linecount)
  		    // move all marks from old lines to new lines
  		    mark_adjust(line1, line2, linecount, 0L);
  		else if (save_cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS)
  		{
  		    // Move marks from the lines below the new lines down by
  		    // the number of lines lost.
  		    // Move marks from the lines that will be deleted to the
  		    // new lines and below.
  		    mark_adjust(line2 + 1, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM,
  					       linecount - read_linecount, 0L);
  		    mark_adjust(line1, line2, linecount, 0L);
  		}
  		else
  		{
  		    // move marks from old lines to new lines, delete marks
  		    // that are in deleted lines
  		    mark_adjust(line1, line1 + read_linecount - 1,
  								linecount, 0L);
  		    mark_adjust(line1 + read_linecount, line2, MAXLNUM, 0L);
  		}
  	    }
  
  	    /*
  	     * Put cursor on first filtered line for ":range!cmd".
  	     * Adjust '[ and '] (set by buf_write()).
  	     */
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line1;
  	    del_lines(linecount, TRUE);
  	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum -= linecount;	// adjust '[
  	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum -= linecount;		// adjust ']
  	    write_lnum_adjust(-linecount);		// adjust last line
  							// for next write
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  	    foldUpdate(curwin, curbuf->b_op_start.lnum, curbuf->b_op_end.lnum);
  #endif
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    /*
  	     * Put cursor on last new line for ":r !cmd".
  	     */
  	    linecount = curbuf->b_op_end.lnum - curbuf->b_op_start.lnum + 1;
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curbuf->b_op_end.lnum;
  	}
  
  	beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);	    // cursor on first non-blank
  	--no_wait_return;
  
  	if (linecount > p_report)
  	{
  	    if (do_in)
  	    {
  		vim_snprintf(msg_buf, sizeof(msg_buf),
  				    _("%ld lines filtered"), (long)linecount);
  		if (msg(msg_buf) && !msg_scroll)
  		    // save message to display it after redraw
  		    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
  	    }
  	    else
  		msgmore((long)linecount);
  	}
      }
      else
      {
  error:
  	// put cursor back in same position for ":w !cmd"
  	curwin->w_cursor = cursor_save;
  	--no_wait_return;
  	wait_return(FALSE);
      }
  
  filterend:
  
      cmdmod.cmod_flags = save_cmod_flags;
      if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
      {
  	--no_wait_return;
  	emsg(_("E135: *Filter* Autocommands must not change current buffer"));
      }
      else if (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS)
      {
  	curbuf->b_op_start = orig_start;
  	curbuf->b_op_end = orig_end;
      }
  
      if (itmp != NULL)
  	mch_remove(itmp);
      if (otmp != NULL)
  	mch_remove(otmp);
      vim_free(itmp);
      vim_free(otmp);
  }
  
  /*
   * Call a shell to execute a command.
   * When "cmd" is NULL start an interactive shell.
   */
      void
  do_shell(
      char_u	*cmd,
      int		flags)	// may be SHELL_DOOUT when output is redirected
  {
      buf_T	*buf;
  #if !defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(VIMDLL)
      int		save_nwr;
  #endif
  #ifdef MSWIN
      int		winstart = FALSE;
      int		keep_termcap = FALSE;
  #endif
  
      /*
       * Disallow shell commands for "rvim".
       * Disallow shell commands from .exrc and .vimrc in current directory for
       * security reasons.
       */
      if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
      {
  	msg_end();
  	return;
      }
  
  #ifdef MSWIN
      /*
       * Check if ":!start" is used.  This implies not stopping termcap mode.
       */
      if (cmd != NULL)
  	keep_termcap = winstart = (STRNICMP(cmd, "start ", 6) == 0);
  
  # if defined(FEAT_GUI) && defined(FEAT_TERMINAL)
      // Don't stop termcap mode when using a terminal window for the shell.
      if (gui.in_use && vim_strchr(p_go, GO_TERMINAL) != NULL)
  	keep_termcap = TRUE;
  # endif
  #endif
  
      /*
       * For autocommands we want to get the output on the current screen, to
       * avoid having to type return below.
       */
      msg_putchar('\r');			// put cursor at start of line
      if (!autocmd_busy)
      {
  #ifdef MSWIN
  	if (!keep_termcap)
  #endif
  	    stoptermcap();
      }
  #ifdef MSWIN
      if (!winstart)
  #endif
  	msg_putchar('\n');		// may shift screen one line up
  
      // warning message before calling the shell
      if (p_warn && !autocmd_busy && msg_silent == 0)
  	FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
  	    if (bufIsChangedNotTerm(buf))
  	    {
  #ifdef FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
  		if (!keep_termcap)
  		    starttermcap();	// don't want a message box here
  #endif
  		msg_puts(_("[No write since last change]\n"));
  #ifdef FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
  		if (!keep_termcap)
  		    stoptermcap();
  #endif
  		break;
  	    }
  
      // This windgoto is required for when the '\n' resulted in a "delete line
      // 1" command to the terminal.
      if (!swapping_screen())
  	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
      cursor_on();
      (void)call_shell(cmd, SHELL_COOKED | flags);
      did_check_timestamps = FALSE;
      need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
  
      /*
       * put the message cursor at the end of the screen, avoids wait_return()
       * to overwrite the text that the external command showed
       */
      if (!swapping_screen())
      {
  	msg_row = Rows - 1;
  	msg_col = 0;
      }
  
      if (autocmd_busy)
      {
  	if (msg_silent == 0)
  	    redraw_later_clear();
      }
      else
      {
  	/*
  	 * For ":sh" there is no need to call wait_return(), just redraw.
  	 * Also for the Win32 GUI (the output is in a console window).
  	 * Otherwise there is probably text on the screen that the user wants
  	 * to read before redrawing, so call wait_return().
  	 */
  #if !defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(VIMDLL)
  # ifdef VIMDLL
  	if (!gui.in_use)
  # endif
  	{
  	    if (cmd == NULL
  # ifdef MSWIN
  		    || (keep_termcap && !need_wait_return)
  # endif
  	       )
  	    {
  		if (msg_silent == 0)
  		    redraw_later_clear();
  		need_wait_return = FALSE;
  	    }
  	    else
  	    {
  		/*
  		 * If we switch screens when starttermcap() is called, we
  		 * really want to wait for "hit return to continue".
  		 */
  		save_nwr = no_wait_return;
  		if (swapping_screen())
  		    no_wait_return = FALSE;
  # ifdef AMIGA
  		wait_return(term_console ? -1 : msg_silent == 0); // see below
  # else
  		wait_return(msg_silent == 0);
  # endif
  		no_wait_return = save_nwr;
  	    }
  	}
  #endif // FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
  
  #ifdef MSWIN
  	if (!keep_termcap)	// if keep_termcap is TRUE didn't stop termcap
  #endif
  	    starttermcap();	// start termcap if not done by wait_return()
  
  	/*
  	 * In an Amiga window redrawing is caused by asking the window size.
  	 * If we got an interrupt this will not work. The chance that the
  	 * window size is wrong is very small, but we need to redraw the
  	 * screen.  Don't do this if ':' hit in wait_return().	THIS IS UGLY
  	 * but it saves an extra redraw.
  	 */
  #ifdef AMIGA
  	if (skip_redraw)		// ':' hit in wait_return()
  	{
  	    if (msg_silent == 0)
  		redraw_later_clear();
  	}
  	else if (term_console)
  	{
  	    OUT_STR(IF_EB("\033[0 q", ESC_STR "[0 q"));	// get window size
  	    if (got_int && msg_silent == 0)
  		redraw_later_clear();	// if got_int is TRUE, redraw needed
  	    else
  		must_redraw = 0;	// no extra redraw needed
  	}
  #endif
      }
  
      // display any error messages now
      display_errors();
  
      apply_autocmds(EVENT_SHELLCMDPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
  }
  
  #if !defined(UNIX)
      static char_u *
  find_pipe(char_u *cmd)
  {
      char_u  *p;
      int	    inquote = FALSE;
  
      for (p = cmd; *p != NUL; ++p)
      {
  	if (!inquote && *p == '|')
  	    return p;
  	if (*p == '"')
  	    inquote = !inquote;
  	else if (rem_backslash(p))
  	    ++p;
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  #endif
  
  /*
   * Create a shell command from a command string, input redirection file and
   * output redirection file.
   * Returns an allocated string with the shell command, or NULL for failure.
   */
      char_u *
  make_filter_cmd(
      char_u	*cmd,		// command
      char_u	*itmp,		// NULL or name of input file
      char_u	*otmp)		// NULL or name of output file
  {
      char_u	*buf;
      long_u	len;
  
  #if defined(UNIX)
      int		is_fish_shell;
      char_u	*shell_name = get_isolated_shell_name();
  
      if (shell_name == NULL)
  	return NULL;
  
      // Account for fish's different syntax for subshells
      is_fish_shell = (fnamecmp(shell_name, "fish") == 0);
      vim_free(shell_name);
      if (is_fish_shell)
  	len = (long_u)STRLEN(cmd) + 13;		// "begin; " + "; end" + NUL
      else
  #endif
  	len = (long_u)STRLEN(cmd) + 3;			// "()" + NUL
      if (itmp != NULL)
  	len += (long_u)STRLEN(itmp) + 9;		// " { < " + " } "
      if (otmp != NULL)
  	len += (long_u)STRLEN(otmp) + (long_u)STRLEN(p_srr) + 2; // "  "
      buf = alloc(len);
      if (buf == NULL)
  	return NULL;
  
  #if defined(UNIX)
      /*
       * Put braces around the command (for concatenated commands) when
       * redirecting input and/or output.
       */
      if (itmp != NULL || otmp != NULL)
      {
  	if (is_fish_shell)
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)buf, len, "begin; %s; end", (char *)cmd);
  	else
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)buf, len, "(%s)", (char *)cmd);
      }
      else
  	STRCPY(buf, cmd);
      if (itmp != NULL)
      {
  	STRCAT(buf, " < ");
  	STRCAT(buf, itmp);
      }
  #else
      // For shells that don't understand braces around commands, at least allow
      // the use of commands in a pipe.
      if (*p_sxe != NUL && *p_sxq == '(')
      {
  	if (itmp != NULL || otmp != NULL)
  	    vim_snprintf((char *)buf, len, "(%s)", (char *)cmd);
  	else
  	    STRCPY(buf, cmd);
  	if (itmp != NULL)
  	{
  	    STRCAT(buf, " < ");
  	    STRCAT(buf, itmp);
  	}
      }
      else
      {
  	STRCPY(buf, cmd);
  	if (itmp != NULL)
  	{
  	    char_u	*p;
  
  	    // If there is a pipe, we have to put the '<' in front of it.
  	    // Don't do this when 'shellquote' is not empty, otherwise the
  	    // redirection would be inside the quotes.
  	    if (*p_shq == NUL)
  	    {
  		p = find_pipe(buf);
  		if (p != NULL)
  		    *p = NUL;
  	    }
  	    STRCAT(buf, " <");	// " < " causes problems on Amiga
  	    STRCAT(buf, itmp);
  	    if (*p_shq == NUL)
  	    {
  		p = find_pipe(cmd);
  		if (p != NULL)
  		{
  		    STRCAT(buf, " ");  // insert a space before the '|' for DOS
  		    STRCAT(buf, p);
  		}
  	    }
  	}
      }
  #endif
      if (otmp != NULL)
  	append_redir(buf, (int)len, p_srr, otmp);
  
      return buf;
  }
  
  /*
   * Append output redirection for file "fname" to the end of string buffer
   * "buf[buflen]"
   * Works with the 'shellredir' and 'shellpipe' options.
   * The caller should make sure that there is enough room:
   *	STRLEN(opt) + STRLEN(fname) + 3
   */
      void
  append_redir(
      char_u	*buf,
      int		buflen,
      char_u	*opt,
      char_u	*fname)
  {
      char_u	*p;
      char_u	*end;
  
      end = buf + STRLEN(buf);
      // find "%s"
      for (p = opt; (p = vim_strchr(p, '%')) != NULL; ++p)
      {
  	if (p[1] == 's') // found %s
  	    break;
  	if (p[1] == '%') // skip %%
  	    ++p;
      }
      if (p != NULL)
      {
  #ifdef MSWIN
  	*end++ = ' '; // not really needed? Not with sh, ksh or bash
  #endif
  	vim_snprintf((char *)end, (size_t)(buflen - (end - buf)),
  						  (char *)opt, (char *)fname);
      }
      else
  	vim_snprintf((char *)end, (size_t)(buflen - (end - buf)),
  #ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
  		" %s %s",
  #else
  		" %s%s",	// " > %s" causes problems on Amiga
  #endif
  		(char *)opt, (char *)fname);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of ":fixdel", also used by get_stty().
   *  <BS>    resulting <Del>
   *   ^?		^H
   * not ^?	^?
   */
      void
  do_fixdel(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
  {
      char_u  *p;
  
      p = find_termcode((char_u *)"kb");
      add_termcode((char_u *)"kD", p != NULL
  	    && *p == DEL ? (char_u *)CTRL_H_STR : DEL_STR, FALSE);
  }
  
      void
  print_line_no_prefix(
      linenr_T	lnum,
      int		use_number,
      int		list)
  {
      char	numbuf[30];
  
      if (curwin->w_p_nu || use_number)
      {
  	vim_snprintf(numbuf, sizeof(numbuf),
  				   "%*ld ", number_width(curwin), (long)lnum);
  	msg_puts_attr(numbuf, HL_ATTR(HLF_N));	// Highlight line nrs
      }
      msg_prt_line(ml_get(lnum), list);
  }
  
  /*
   * Print a text line.  Also in silent mode ("ex -s").
   */
      void
  print_line(linenr_T lnum, int use_number, int list)
  {
      int		save_silent = silent_mode;
  
      // apply :filter /pat/
      if (message_filtered(ml_get(lnum)))
  	return;
  
      msg_start();
      silent_mode = FALSE;
      info_message = TRUE;	// use mch_msg(), not mch_errmsg()
      print_line_no_prefix(lnum, use_number, list);
      if (save_silent)
      {
  	msg_putchar('\n');
  	cursor_on();		// msg_start() switches it off
  	out_flush();
  	silent_mode = save_silent;
      }
      info_message = FALSE;
  }
  
      int
  rename_buffer(char_u *new_fname)
  {
      char_u	*fname, *sfname, *xfname;
      buf_T	*buf;
  
      buf = curbuf;
      apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
      // buffer changed, don't change name now
      if (buf != curbuf)
  	return FAIL;
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
      if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
  	return FAIL;
  #endif
      /*
       * The name of the current buffer will be changed.
       * A new (unlisted) buffer entry needs to be made to hold the old file
       * name, which will become the alternate file name.
       * But don't set the alternate file name if the buffer didn't have a
       * name.
       */
      fname = curbuf->b_ffname;
      sfname = curbuf->b_sfname;
      xfname = curbuf->b_fname;
      curbuf->b_ffname = NULL;
      curbuf->b_sfname = NULL;
      if (setfname(curbuf, new_fname, NULL, TRUE) == FAIL)
      {
  	curbuf->b_ffname = fname;
  	curbuf->b_sfname = sfname;
  	return FAIL;
      }
      curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NOTEDITED;
      if (xfname != NULL && *xfname != NUL)
      {
  	buf = buflist_new(fname, xfname, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 0);
  	if (buf != NULL && (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_KEEPALT) == 0)
  	    curwin->w_alt_fnum = buf->b_fnum;
      }
      vim_free(fname);
      vim_free(sfname);
      apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
  
      // Change directories when the 'acd' option is set.
      DO_AUTOCHDIR;
      return OK;
  }
  
  /*
   * ":file[!] [fname]".
   */
      void
  ex_file(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      // ":0file" removes the file name.  Check for illegal uses ":3file",
      // "0file name", etc.
      if (eap->addr_count > 0
  	    && (*eap->arg != NUL
  		|| eap->line2 > 0
  		|| eap->addr_count > 1))
      {
  	emsg(_(e_invarg));
  	return;
      }
  
      if (*eap->arg != NUL || eap->addr_count == 1)
      {
  	if (rename_buffer(eap->arg) == FAIL)
  	    return;
  	redraw_tabline = TRUE;
      }
  
      // print file name if no argument or 'F' is not in 'shortmess'
      if (*eap->arg == NUL || !shortmess(SHM_FILEINFO))
  	fileinfo(FALSE, FALSE, eap->forceit);
  }
  
  /*
   * ":update".
   */
      void
  ex_update(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      if (curbufIsChanged())
  	(void)do_write(eap);
  }
  
  /*
   * ":write" and ":saveas".
   */
      void
  ex_write(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
      {
  	// :saveas does not take a range, uses all lines.
  	eap->line1 = 1;
  	eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      }
  
      if (eap->usefilter)		// input lines to shell command
  	do_bang(1, eap, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
      else
  	(void)do_write(eap);
  }
  
  /*
   * write current buffer to file 'eap->arg'
   * if 'eap->append' is TRUE, append to the file
   *
   * if *eap->arg == NUL write to current file
   *
   * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
   */
      int
  do_write(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      int		other;
      char_u	*fname = NULL;		// init to shut up gcc
      char_u	*ffname;
      int		retval = FAIL;
      char_u	*free_fname = NULL;
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
      char_u	*browse_file = NULL;
  #endif
      buf_T	*alt_buf = NULL;
      int		name_was_missing;
  
      if (not_writing())		// check 'write' option
  	return FAIL;
  
      ffname = eap->arg;
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
      if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE) && !exiting)
      {
  	browse_file = do_browse(BROWSE_SAVE, (char_u *)_("Save As"), ffname,
  						    NULL, NULL, NULL, curbuf);
  	if (browse_file == NULL)
  	    goto theend;
  	ffname = browse_file;
      }
  #endif
      if (*ffname == NUL)
      {
  	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
  	{
  	    emsg(_(e_argreq));
  	    goto theend;
  	}
  	other = FALSE;
      }
      else
      {
  	fname = ffname;
  	free_fname = fix_fname(ffname);
  	/*
  	 * When out-of-memory, keep unexpanded file name, because we MUST be
  	 * able to write the file in this situation.
  	 */
  	if (free_fname != NULL)
  	    ffname = free_fname;
  	other = otherfile(ffname);
      }
  
      /*
       * If we have a new file, put its name in the list of alternate file names.
       */
      if (other)
      {
  	if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_ALTWRITE) != NULL
  						 || eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
  	    alt_buf = setaltfname(ffname, fname, (linenr_T)1);
  	else
  	    alt_buf = buflist_findname(ffname);
  	if (alt_buf != NULL && alt_buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
  	{
  	    // Overwriting a file that is loaded in another buffer is not a
  	    // good idea.
  	    emsg(_(e_bufloaded));
  	    goto theend;
  	}
      }
  
      /*
       * Writing to the current file is not allowed in readonly mode
       * and a file name is required.
       * "nofile" and "nowrite" buffers cannot be written implicitly either.
       */
      if (!other && (
  #ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
  		bt_dontwrite_msg(curbuf) ||
  #endif
  		check_fname() == FAIL || check_readonly(&eap->forceit, curbuf)))
  	goto theend;
  
      if (!other)
      {
  	ffname = curbuf->b_ffname;
  	fname = curbuf->b_fname;
  	/*
  	 * Not writing the whole file is only allowed with '!'.
  	 */
  	if (	   (eap->line1 != 1
  		    || eap->line2 != curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
  		&& !eap->forceit
  		&& !eap->append
  		&& !p_wa)
  	{
  #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
  	    if (p_confirm || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_CONFIRM))
  	    {
  		if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL,
  			       (char_u *)_("Write partial file?"), 2) != VIM_YES)
  		    goto theend;
  		eap->forceit = TRUE;
  	    }
  	    else
  #endif
  	    {
  		emsg(_("E140: Use ! to write partial buffer"));
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      if (check_overwrite(eap, curbuf, fname, ffname, other) == OK)
      {
  	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas && alt_buf != NULL)
  	{
  	    buf_T	*was_curbuf = curbuf;
  
  	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
  	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, alt_buf);
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf || aborting())
  #else
  	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf)
  #endif
  	    {
  		// buffer changed, don't change name now
  		retval = FAIL;
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  	    // Exchange the file names for the current and the alternate
  	    // buffer.  This makes it look like we are now editing the buffer
  	    // under the new name.  Must be done before buf_write(), because
  	    // if there is no file name and 'cpo' contains 'F', it will set
  	    // the file name.
  	    fname = alt_buf->b_fname;
  	    alt_buf->b_fname = curbuf->b_fname;
  	    curbuf->b_fname = fname;
  	    fname = alt_buf->b_ffname;
  	    alt_buf->b_ffname = curbuf->b_ffname;
  	    curbuf->b_ffname = fname;
  	    fname = alt_buf->b_sfname;
  	    alt_buf->b_sfname = curbuf->b_sfname;
  	    curbuf->b_sfname = fname;
  	    buf_name_changed(curbuf);
  
  	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
  	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, alt_buf);
  	    if (!alt_buf->b_p_bl)
  	    {
  		alt_buf->b_p_bl = TRUE;
  		apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFADD, NULL, NULL, FALSE, alt_buf);
  	    }
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf || aborting())
  #else
  	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf)
  #endif
  	    {
  		// buffer changed, don't write the file
  		retval = FAIL;
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  
  	    // If 'filetype' was empty try detecting it now.
  	    if (*curbuf->b_p_ft == NUL)
  	    {
  		if (au_has_group((char_u *)"filetypedetect"))
  		    (void)do_doautocmd((char_u *)"filetypedetect BufRead",
  								  TRUE, NULL);
  		do_modelines(0);
  	    }
  
  	    // Autocommands may have changed buffer names, esp. when
  	    // 'autochdir' is set.
  	    fname = curbuf->b_sfname;
  	}
  
  	name_was_missing = curbuf->b_ffname == NULL;
  
  	retval = buf_write(curbuf, ffname, fname, eap->line1, eap->line2,
  				 eap, eap->append, eap->forceit, TRUE, FALSE);
  
  	// After ":saveas fname" reset 'readonly'.
  	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
  	{
  	    if (retval == OK)
  	    {
  		curbuf->b_p_ro = FALSE;
  		redraw_tabline = TRUE;
  	    }
  	}
  
  	// Change directories when the 'acd' option is set and the file name
  	// got changed or set.
  	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas || name_was_missing)
  	    DO_AUTOCHDIR;
      }
  
  theend:
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
      vim_free(browse_file);
  #endif
      vim_free(free_fname);
      return retval;
  }
  
  /*
   * Check if it is allowed to overwrite a file.  If b_flags has BF_NOTEDITED,
   * BF_NEW or BF_READERR, check for overwriting current file.
   * May set eap->forceit if a dialog says it's OK to overwrite.
   * Return OK if it's OK, FAIL if it is not.
   */
      int
  check_overwrite(
      exarg_T	*eap,
      buf_T	*buf,
      char_u	*fname,	    // file name to be used (can differ from
  			    // buf->ffname)
      char_u	*ffname,    // full path version of fname
      int		other)	    // writing under other name
  {
      /*
       * Write to another file or b_flags set or not writing the whole file:
       * overwriting only allowed with '!'.
       */
      if (       (other
  		|| (buf->b_flags & BF_NOTEDITED)
  		|| ((buf->b_flags & BF_NEW)
  		    && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_OVERNEW) == NULL)
  		|| (buf->b_flags & BF_READERR))
  	    && !p_wa
  	    && vim_fexists(ffname))
      {
  	if (!eap->forceit && !eap->append)
  	{
  #ifdef UNIX
  	    // with UNIX it is possible to open a directory
  	    if (mch_isdir(ffname))
  	    {
  		semsg(_(e_isadir2), ffname);
  		return FAIL;
  	    }
  #endif
  #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
  	    if (p_confirm || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_CONFIRM))
  	    {
  		char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
  
  		dialog_msg(buff, _("Overwrite existing file \"%s\"?"), fname);
  		if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 2) != VIM_YES)
  		    return FAIL;
  		eap->forceit = TRUE;
  	    }
  	    else
  #endif
  	    {
  		emsg(_(e_exists));
  		return FAIL;
  	    }
  	}
  
  	// For ":w! filename" check that no swap file exists for "filename".
  	if (other && !emsg_silent)
  	{
  	    char_u	*dir;
  	    char_u	*p;
  	    int		r;
  	    char_u	*swapname;
  
  	    // We only try the first entry in 'directory', without checking if
  	    // it's writable.  If the "." directory is not writable the write
  	    // will probably fail anyway.
  	    // Use 'shortname' of the current buffer, since there is no buffer
  	    // for the written file.
  	    if (*p_dir == NUL)
  	    {
  		dir = alloc(5);
  		if (dir == NULL)
  		    return FAIL;
  		STRCPY(dir, ".");
  	    }
  	    else
  	    {
  		dir = alloc(MAXPATHL);
  		if (dir == NULL)
  		    return FAIL;
  		p = p_dir;
  		copy_option_part(&p, dir, MAXPATHL, ",");
  	    }
  	    swapname = makeswapname(fname, ffname, curbuf, dir);
  	    vim_free(dir);
  	    r = vim_fexists(swapname);
  	    if (r)
  	    {
  #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
  		if (p_confirm || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_CONFIRM))
  		{
  		    char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
  
  		    dialog_msg(buff,
  			    _("Swap file \"%s\" exists, overwrite anyway?"),
  								    swapname);
  		    if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 2)
  								   != VIM_YES)
  		    {
  			vim_free(swapname);
  			return FAIL;
  		    }
  		    eap->forceit = TRUE;
  		}
  		else
  #endif
  		{
  		    semsg(_("E768: Swap file exists: %s (:silent! overrides)"),
  								    swapname);
  		    vim_free(swapname);
  		    return FAIL;
  		}
  	    }
  	    vim_free(swapname);
  	}
      }
      return OK;
  }
  
  /*
   * Handle ":wnext", ":wNext" and ":wprevious" commands.
   */
      void
  ex_wnext(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      int		i;
  
      if (eap->cmd[1] == 'n')
  	i = curwin->w_arg_idx + (int)eap->line2;
      else
  	i = curwin->w_arg_idx - (int)eap->line2;
      eap->line1 = 1;
      eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      if (do_write(eap) != FAIL)
  	do_argfile(eap, i);
  }
  
  /*
   * ":wall", ":wqall" and ":xall": Write all changed files (and exit).
   */
      void
  do_wqall(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      buf_T	*buf;
      int		error = 0;
      int		save_forceit = eap->forceit;
  
      if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_xall || eap->cmdidx == CMD_wqall)
  	exiting = TRUE;
  
      FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
      {
  #ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
  	if (exiting && term_job_running(buf->b_term))
  	{
  	    no_write_message_nobang(buf);
  	    ++error;
  	}
  	else
  #endif
  	if (bufIsChanged(buf) && !bt_dontwrite(buf))
  	{
  	    /*
  	     * Check if there is a reason the buffer cannot be written:
  	     * 1. if the 'write' option is set
  	     * 2. if there is no file name (even after browsing)
  	     * 3. if the 'readonly' is set (even after a dialog)
  	     * 4. if overwriting is allowed (even after a dialog)
  	     */
  	    if (not_writing())
  	    {
  		++error;
  		break;
  	    }
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
  	    // ":browse wall": ask for file name if there isn't one
  	    if (buf->b_ffname == NULL && (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE))
  		browse_save_fname(buf);
  #endif
  	    if (buf->b_ffname == NULL)
  	    {
  		semsg(_("E141: No file name for buffer %ld"),
  							    (long)buf->b_fnum);
  		++error;
  	    }
  	    else if (check_readonly(&eap->forceit, buf)
  		    || check_overwrite(eap, buf, buf->b_fname, buf->b_ffname,
  							       FALSE) == FAIL)
  	    {
  		++error;
  	    }
  	    else
  	    {
  		bufref_T bufref;
  
  		set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
  		if (buf_write_all(buf, eap->forceit) == FAIL)
  		    ++error;
  		// an autocommand may have deleted the buffer
  		if (!bufref_valid(&bufref))
  		    buf = firstbuf;
  	    }
  	    eap->forceit = save_forceit;    // check_overwrite() may set it
  	}
      }
      if (exiting)
      {
  	if (!error)
  	    getout(0);		// exit Vim
  	not_exiting();
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Check the 'write' option.
   * Return TRUE and give a message when it's not set.
   */
      static int
  not_writing(void)
  {
      if (p_write)
  	return FALSE;
      emsg(_("E142: File not written: Writing is disabled by 'write' option"));
      return TRUE;
  }
  
  /*
   * Check if a buffer is read-only (either 'readonly' option is set or file is
   * read-only). Ask for overruling in a dialog. Return TRUE and give an error
   * message when the buffer is readonly.
   */
      static int
  check_readonly(int *forceit, buf_T *buf)
  {
      stat_T	st;
  
      // Handle a file being readonly when the 'readonly' option is set or when
      // the file exists and permissions are read-only.
      // We will send 0777 to check_file_readonly(), as the "perm" variable is
      // important for device checks but not here.
      if (!*forceit && (buf->b_p_ro
  		|| (mch_stat((char *)buf->b_ffname, &st) >= 0
  		    && check_file_readonly(buf->b_ffname, 0777))))
      {
  #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
  	if ((p_confirm || (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_CONFIRM))
  						       && buf->b_fname != NULL)
  	{
  	    char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
  
  	    if (buf->b_p_ro)
  		dialog_msg(buff, _("'readonly' option is set for \"%s\".\nDo you wish to write anyway?"),
  		    buf->b_fname);
  	    else
  		dialog_msg(buff, _("File permissions of \"%s\" are read-only.\nIt may still be possible to write it.\nDo you wish to try?"),
  		    buf->b_fname);
  
  	    if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 2) == VIM_YES)
  	    {
  		// Set forceit, to force the writing of a readonly file
  		*forceit = TRUE;
  		return FALSE;
  	    }
  	    else
  		return TRUE;
  	}
  	else
  #endif
  	if (buf->b_p_ro)
  	    emsg(_(e_readonly));
  	else
  	    semsg(_("E505: \"%s\" is read-only (add ! to override)"),
  		    buf->b_fname);
  	return TRUE;
      }
  
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  /*
   * Try to abandon the current file and edit a new or existing file.
   * "fnum" is the number of the file, if zero use "ffname_arg"/"sfname_arg".
   * "lnum" is the line number for the cursor in the new file (if non-zero).
   *
   * Return:
   * GETFILE_ERROR for "normal" error,
   * GETFILE_NOT_WRITTEN for "not written" error,
   * GETFILE_SAME_FILE for success
   * GETFILE_OPEN_OTHER for successfully opening another file.
   */
      int
  getfile(
      int		fnum,
      char_u	*ffname_arg,
      char_u	*sfname_arg,
      int		setpm,
      linenr_T	lnum,
      int		forceit)
  {
      char_u	*ffname = ffname_arg;
      char_u	*sfname = sfname_arg;
      int		other;
      int		retval;
      char_u	*free_me = NULL;
  
      if (text_locked())
  	return GETFILE_ERROR;
      if (curbuf_locked())
  	return GETFILE_ERROR;
  
      if (fnum == 0)
      {
  					// make ffname full path, set sfname
  	fname_expand(curbuf, &ffname, &sfname);
  	other = otherfile(ffname);
  	free_me = ffname;		// has been allocated, free() later
      }
      else
  	other = (fnum != curbuf->b_fnum);
  
      if (other)
  	++no_wait_return;	    // don't wait for autowrite message
      if (other && !forceit && curbuf->b_nwindows == 1 && !buf_hide(curbuf)
  		   && curbufIsChanged() && autowrite(curbuf, forceit) == FAIL)
      {
  #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
  	if (p_confirm && p_write)
  	    dialog_changed(curbuf, FALSE);
  	if (curbufIsChanged())
  #endif
  	{
  	    if (other)
  		--no_wait_return;
  	    no_write_message();
  	    retval = GETFILE_NOT_WRITTEN;	// file has been changed
  	    goto theend;
  	}
      }
      if (other)
  	--no_wait_return;
      if (setpm)
  	setpcmark();
      if (!other)
      {
  	if (lnum != 0)
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
  	check_cursor_lnum();
  	beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
  	retval = GETFILE_SAME_FILE;	// it's in the same file
      }
      else if (do_ecmd(fnum, ffname, sfname, NULL, lnum,
  	     (buf_hide(curbuf) ? ECMD_HIDE : 0) + (forceit ? ECMD_FORCEIT : 0),
  		curwin) == OK)
  	retval = GETFILE_OPEN_OTHER;	// opened another file
      else
  	retval = GETFILE_ERROR;		// error encountered
  
  theend:
      vim_free(free_me);
      return retval;
  }
  
  /*
   * start editing a new file
   *
   *     fnum: file number; if zero use ffname/sfname
   *   ffname: the file name
   *		- full path if sfname used,
   *		- any file name if sfname is NULL
   *		- empty string to re-edit with the same file name (but may be
   *		    in a different directory)
   *		- NULL to start an empty buffer
   *   sfname: the short file name (or NULL)
   *	eap: contains the command to be executed after loading the file and
   *	     forced 'ff' and 'fenc'
   *  newlnum: if > 0: put cursor on this line number (if possible)
   *	     if ECMD_LASTL: use last position in loaded file
   *	     if ECMD_LAST: use last position in all files
   *	     if ECMD_ONE: use first line
   *    flags:
   *	   ECMD_HIDE: if TRUE don't free the current buffer
   *     ECMD_SET_HELP: set b_help flag of (new) buffer before opening file
   *	 ECMD_OLDBUF: use existing buffer if it exists
   *	ECMD_FORCEIT: ! used for Ex command
   *	 ECMD_ADDBUF: don't edit, just add to buffer list
   *	 ECMD_ALTBUF: like ECMD_ADDBUF and also set the alternate file
   *   oldwin: Should be "curwin" when editing a new buffer in the current
   *	     window, NULL when splitting the window first.  When not NULL info
   *	     of the previous buffer for "oldwin" is stored.
   *
   * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
   */
      int
  do_ecmd(
      int		fnum,
      char_u	*ffname,
      char_u	*sfname,
      exarg_T	*eap,			// can be NULL!
      linenr_T	newlnum,
      int		flags,
      win_T	*oldwin)
  {
      int		other_file;		// TRUE if editing another file
      int		oldbuf;			// TRUE if using existing buffer
      int		auto_buf = FALSE;	// TRUE if autocommands brought us
  					// into the buffer unexpectedly
      char_u	*new_name = NULL;
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
      int		did_set_swapcommand = FALSE;
  #endif
      buf_T	*buf;
      bufref_T	bufref;
      bufref_T	old_curbuf;
      char_u	*free_fname = NULL;
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
      char_u	dot_path[] = ".";
      char_u	*browse_file = NULL;
  #endif
      int		retval = FAIL;
      long	n;
      pos_T	orig_pos;
      linenr_T	topline = 0;
      int		newcol = -1;
      int		solcol = -1;
      pos_T	*pos;
      char_u	*command = NULL;
  #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
      int		did_get_winopts = FALSE;
  #endif
      int		readfile_flags = 0;
      int		did_inc_redrawing_disabled = FALSE;
      long        *so_ptr = curwin->w_p_so >= 0 ? &curwin->w_p_so : &p_so;
  
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
      if (ERROR_IF_TERM_POPUP_WINDOW)
  	return FAIL;
  #endif
  
      if (eap != NULL)
  	command = eap->do_ecmd_cmd;
      set_bufref(&old_curbuf, curbuf);
  
      if (fnum != 0)
      {
  	if (fnum == curbuf->b_fnum)	// file is already being edited
  	    return OK;			// nothing to do
  	other_file = TRUE;
      }
      else
      {
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
  	if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE) && !exiting)
  	{
  	    if (
  # ifdef FEAT_GUI
  		!gui.in_use &&
  # endif
  		    au_has_group((char_u *)"FileExplorer"))
  	    {
  		// No browsing supported but we do have the file explorer:
  		// Edit the directory.
  		if (ffname == NULL || !mch_isdir(ffname))
  		    ffname = dot_path;
  	    }
  	    else
  	    {
  		browse_file = do_browse(0, (char_u *)_("Edit File"), ffname,
  						    NULL, NULL, NULL, curbuf);
  		if (browse_file == NULL)
  		    goto theend;
  		ffname = browse_file;
  	    }
  	}
  #endif
  	// if no short name given, use ffname for short name
  	if (sfname == NULL)
  	    sfname = ffname;
  #ifdef USE_FNAME_CASE
  	if (sfname != NULL)
  	    fname_case(sfname, 0);   // set correct case for sfname
  #endif
  
  	if ((flags & (ECMD_ADDBUF | ECMD_ALTBUF))
  					 && (ffname == NULL || *ffname == NUL))
  	    goto theend;
  
  	if (ffname == NULL)
  	    other_file = TRUE;
  					    // there is no file name
  	else if (*ffname == NUL && curbuf->b_ffname == NULL)
  	    other_file = FALSE;
  	else
  	{
  	    if (*ffname == NUL)		    // re-edit with same file name
  	    {
  		ffname = curbuf->b_ffname;
  		sfname = curbuf->b_fname;
  	    }
  	    free_fname = fix_fname(ffname); // may expand to full path name
  	    if (free_fname != NULL)
  		ffname = free_fname;
  	    other_file = otherfile(ffname);
  	}
      }
  
      /*
       * If the file was changed we may not be allowed to abandon it:
       * - if we are going to re-edit the same file
       * - or if we are the only window on this file and if ECMD_HIDE is FALSE
       */
      if (  ((!other_file && !(flags & ECMD_OLDBUF))
  	    || (curbuf->b_nwindows == 1
  		&& !(flags & (ECMD_HIDE | ECMD_ADDBUF | ECMD_ALTBUF))))
  	&& check_changed(curbuf, (p_awa ? CCGD_AW : 0)
  			       | (other_file ? 0 : CCGD_MULTWIN)
  			       | ((flags & ECMD_FORCEIT) ? CCGD_FORCEIT : 0)
  			       | (eap == NULL ? 0 : CCGD_EXCMD)))
      {
  	if (fnum == 0 && other_file && ffname != NULL)
  	    (void)setaltfname(ffname, sfname, newlnum < 0 ? 0 : newlnum);
  	goto theend;
      }
  
      /*
       * End Visual mode before switching to another buffer, so the text can be
       * copied into the GUI selection buffer.
       */
      reset_VIsual();
  
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
      if ((command != NULL || newlnum > (linenr_T)0)
  	    && *get_vim_var_str(VV_SWAPCOMMAND) == NUL)
      {
  	int	len;
  	char_u	*p;
  
  	// Set v:swapcommand for the SwapExists autocommands.
  	if (command != NULL)
  	    len = (int)STRLEN(command) + 3;
  	else
  	    len = 30;
  	p = alloc(len);
  	if (p != NULL)
  	{
  	    if (command != NULL)
  		vim_snprintf((char *)p, len, ":%s\r", command);
  	    else
  		vim_snprintf((char *)p, len, "%ldG", (long)newlnum);
  	    set_vim_var_string(VV_SWAPCOMMAND, p, -1);
  	    did_set_swapcommand = TRUE;
  	    vim_free(p);
  	}
      }
  #endif
  
      /*
       * If we are starting to edit another file, open a (new) buffer.
       * Otherwise we re-use the current buffer.
       */
      if (other_file)
      {
  	if (!(flags & (ECMD_ADDBUF | ECMD_ALTBUF)))
  	{
  	    if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_KEEPALT) == 0)
  		curwin->w_alt_fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
  	    if (oldwin != NULL)
  		buflist_altfpos(oldwin);
  	}
  
  	if (fnum)
  	    buf = buflist_findnr(fnum);
  	else
  	{
  	    if (flags & (ECMD_ADDBUF | ECMD_ALTBUF))
  	    {
  		// Default the line number to zero to avoid that a wininfo item
  		// is added for the current window.
  		linenr_T	tlnum = 0;
  		buf_T		*newbuf;
  
  		if (command != NULL)
  		{
  		    tlnum = atol((char *)command);
  		    if (tlnum <= 0)
  			tlnum = 1L;
  		}
  		// Add BLN_NOCURWIN to avoid a new wininfo items are assocated
  		// with the current window.
  		newbuf = buflist_new(ffname, sfname, tlnum,
  						    BLN_LISTED | BLN_NOCURWIN);
  		if (newbuf != NULL && (flags & ECMD_ALTBUF))
  		    curwin->w_alt_fnum = newbuf->b_fnum;
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  	    buf = buflist_new(ffname, sfname, 0L,
  		    BLN_CURBUF | ((flags & ECMD_SET_HELP) ? 0 : BLN_LISTED));
  
  	    // autocommands may change curwin and curbuf
  	    if (oldwin != NULL)
  		oldwin = curwin;
  	    set_bufref(&old_curbuf, curbuf);
  	}
  	if (buf == NULL)
  	    goto theend;
  	if (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)		// no memfile yet
  	{
  	    oldbuf = FALSE;
  	}
  	else					// existing memfile
  	{
  	    oldbuf = TRUE;
  	    set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
  	    (void)buf_check_timestamp(buf, FALSE);
  	    // Check if autocommands made the buffer invalid or changed the
  	    // current buffer.
  	    if (!bufref_valid(&bufref) || curbuf != old_curbuf.br_buf)
  		goto theend;
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  	    if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
  		goto theend;
  #endif
  	}
  
  	// May jump to last used line number for a loaded buffer or when asked
  	// for explicitly
  	if ((oldbuf && newlnum == ECMD_LASTL) || newlnum == ECMD_LAST)
  	{
  	    pos = buflist_findfpos(buf);
  	    newlnum = pos->lnum;
  	    solcol = pos->col;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Make the (new) buffer the one used by the current window.
  	 * If the old buffer becomes unused, free it if ECMD_HIDE is FALSE.
  	 * If the current buffer was empty and has no file name, curbuf
  	 * is returned by buflist_new(), nothing to do here.
  	 */
  	if (buf != curbuf)
  	{
  	    /*
  	     * Be careful: The autocommands may delete any buffer and change
  	     * the current buffer.
  	     * - If the buffer we are going to edit is deleted, give up.
  	     * - If the current buffer is deleted, prefer to load the new
  	     *   buffer when loading a buffer is required.  This avoids
  	     *   loading another buffer which then must be closed again.
  	     * - If we ended up in the new buffer already, need to skip a few
  	     *	 things, set auto_buf.
  	     */
  	    if (buf->b_fname != NULL)
  		new_name = vim_strsave(buf->b_fname);
  	    set_bufref(&au_new_curbuf, buf);
  	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFLEAVE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
  	    if (!bufref_valid(&au_new_curbuf))
  	    {
  		// new buffer has been deleted
  		delbuf_msg(new_name);	// frees new_name
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  	    if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
  	    {
  		vim_free(new_name);
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  #endif
  	    if (buf == curbuf)		// already in new buffer
  		auto_buf = TRUE;
  	    else
  	    {
  		win_T	    *the_curwin = curwin;
  
  		// Set the w_closing flag to avoid that autocommands close the
  		// window.  And set b_locked for the same reason.
  		the_curwin->w_closing = TRUE;
  		++buf->b_locked;
  
  		if (curbuf == old_curbuf.br_buf)
  		    buf_copy_options(buf, BCO_ENTER);
  
  		// Close the link to the current buffer. This will set
  		// oldwin->w_buffer to NULL.
  		u_sync(FALSE);
  		close_buffer(oldwin, curbuf,
  			 (flags & ECMD_HIDE) ? 0 : DOBUF_UNLOAD, FALSE, FALSE);
  
  		the_curwin->w_closing = FALSE;
  		--buf->b_locked;
  
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  		// autocmds may abort script processing
  		if (aborting() && curwin->w_buffer != NULL)
  		{
  		    vim_free(new_name);
  		    goto theend;
  		}
  #endif
  		// Be careful again, like above.
  		if (!bufref_valid(&au_new_curbuf))
  		{
  		    // new buffer has been deleted
  		    delbuf_msg(new_name);	// frees new_name
  		    goto theend;
  		}
  		if (buf == curbuf)		// already in new buffer
  		    auto_buf = TRUE;
  		else
  		{
  #ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
  		    /*
  		     * <VN> We could instead free the synblock
  		     * and re-attach to buffer, perhaps.
  		     */
  		    if (curwin->w_buffer == NULL
  			    || curwin->w_s == &(curwin->w_buffer->b_s))
  			curwin->w_s = &(buf->b_s);
  #endif
  		    curwin->w_buffer = buf;
  		    curbuf = buf;
  		    ++curbuf->b_nwindows;
  
  		    // Set 'fileformat', 'binary' and 'fenc' when forced.
  		    if (!oldbuf && eap != NULL)
  		    {
  			set_file_options(TRUE, eap);
  			set_forced_fenc(eap);
  		    }
  		}
  
  		// May get the window options from the last time this buffer
  		// was in this window (or another window).  If not used
  		// before, reset the local window options to the global
  		// values.  Also restores old folding stuff.
  		get_winopts(curbuf);
  #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
  		did_get_winopts = TRUE;
  #endif
  	    }
  	    vim_free(new_name);
  	    au_new_curbuf.br_buf = NULL;
  	    au_new_curbuf.br_buf_free_count = 0;
  	}
  
  	curwin->w_pcmark.lnum = 1;
  	curwin->w_pcmark.col = 0;
      }
      else // !other_file
      {
  	if ((flags & (ECMD_ADDBUF | ECMD_ALTBUF)) || check_fname() == FAIL)
  	    goto theend;
  
  	oldbuf = (flags & ECMD_OLDBUF);
      }
  
      // Don't redraw until the cursor is in the right line, otherwise
      // autocommands may cause ml_get errors.
      ++RedrawingDisabled;
      did_inc_redrawing_disabled = TRUE;
  
      buf = curbuf;
      if ((flags & ECMD_SET_HELP) || keep_help_flag)
      {
  	prepare_help_buffer();
      }
      else
      {
  	// Don't make a buffer listed if it's a help buffer.  Useful when
  	// using CTRL-O to go back to a help file.
  	if (!curbuf->b_help)
  	    set_buflisted(TRUE);
      }
  
      // If autocommands change buffers under our fingers, forget about
      // editing the file.
      if (buf != curbuf)
  	goto theend;
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
      if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
  	goto theend;
  #endif
  
      // Since we are starting to edit a file, consider the filetype to be
      // unset.  Helps for when an autocommand changes files and expects syntax
      // highlighting to work in the other file.
      did_filetype = FALSE;
  
  /*
   * other_file	oldbuf
   *  FALSE	FALSE	    re-edit same file, buffer is re-used
   *  FALSE	TRUE	    re-edit same file, nothing changes
   *  TRUE	FALSE	    start editing new file, new buffer
   *  TRUE	TRUE	    start editing in existing buffer (nothing to do)
   */
      if (!other_file && !oldbuf)		// re-use the buffer
      {
  	set_last_cursor(curwin);	// may set b_last_cursor
  	if (newlnum == ECMD_LAST || newlnum == ECMD_LASTL)
  	{
  	    newlnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
  	    solcol = curwin->w_cursor.col;
  	}
  	buf = curbuf;
  	if (buf->b_fname != NULL)
  	    new_name = vim_strsave(buf->b_fname);
  	else
  	    new_name = NULL;
  	set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
  
  	// If the buffer was used before, store the current contents so that
  	// the reload can be undone.  Do not do this if the (empty) buffer is
  	// being re-used for another file.
  	if (!(curbuf->b_flags & BF_NEVERLOADED)
  		&& (p_ur < 0 || curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count <= p_ur))
  	{
  	    // Sync first so that this is a separate undo-able action.
  	    u_sync(FALSE);
  	    if (u_savecommon(0, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count + 1, 0, TRUE)
  								     == FAIL)
  	    {
  		vim_free(new_name);
  		goto theend;
  	    }
  	    u_unchanged(curbuf);
  	    buf_freeall(curbuf, BFA_KEEP_UNDO);
  
  	    // tell readfile() not to clear or reload undo info
  	    readfile_flags = READ_KEEP_UNDO;
  	}
  	else
  	    buf_freeall(curbuf, 0);   // free all things for buffer
  
  	// If autocommands deleted the buffer we were going to re-edit, give
  	// up and jump to the end.
  	if (!bufref_valid(&bufref))
  	{
  	    delbuf_msg(new_name);	// frees new_name
  	    goto theend;
  	}
  	vim_free(new_name);
  
  	// If autocommands change buffers under our fingers, forget about
  	// re-editing the file.  Should do the buf_clear_file(), but perhaps
  	// the autocommands changed the buffer...
  	if (buf != curbuf)
  	    goto theend;
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  	if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
  	    goto theend;
  #endif
  	buf_clear_file(curbuf);
  	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = 0;	// clear '[ and '] marks
  	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = 0;
      }
  
  /*
   * If we get here we are sure to start editing
   */
      // Assume success now
      retval = OK;
  
      /*
       * Check if we are editing the w_arg_idx file in the argument list.
       */
      check_arg_idx(curwin);
  
      if (!auto_buf)
      {
  	/*
  	 * Set cursor and init window before reading the file and executing
  	 * autocommands.  This allows for the autocommands to position the
  	 * cursor.
  	 */
  	curwin_init();
  
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  	// It's possible that all lines in the buffer changed.  Need to update
  	// automatic folding for all windows where it's used.
  	{
  	    win_T	    *win;
  	    tabpage_T	    *tp;
  
  	    FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, win)
  		if (win->w_buffer == curbuf)
  		    foldUpdateAll(win);
  	}
  #endif
  
  	// Change directories when the 'acd' option is set.
  	DO_AUTOCHDIR;
  
  	/*
  	 * Careful: open_buffer() and apply_autocmds() may change the current
  	 * buffer and window.
  	 */
  	orig_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
  	topline = curwin->w_topline;
  	if (!oldbuf)			    // need to read the file
  	{
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  	    // Don't use the swap-exists dialog for a popup window, can't edit
  	    // the buffer.
  	    if (WIN_IS_POPUP(curwin))
  		curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NO_SEA;
  #endif
  	    swap_exists_action = SEA_DIALOG;
  	    curbuf->b_flags |= BF_CHECK_RO; // set/reset 'ro' flag
  
  	    /*
  	     * Open the buffer and read the file.
  	     */
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
  	    if (should_abort(open_buffer(FALSE, eap, readfile_flags)))
  		retval = FAIL;
  #else
  	    (void)open_buffer(FALSE, eap, readfile_flags);
  #endif
  
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  	    curbuf->b_flags &= ~BF_NO_SEA;
  #endif
  	    if (swap_exists_action == SEA_QUIT)
  		retval = FAIL;
  	    handle_swap_exists(&old_curbuf);
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    // Read the modelines, but only to set window-local options.  Any
  	    // buffer-local options have already been set and may have been
  	    // changed by the user.
  	    do_modelines(OPT_WINONLY);
  
  	    apply_autocmds_retval(EVENT_BUFENTER, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf,
  								    &retval);
  	    apply_autocmds_retval(EVENT_BUFWINENTER, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf,
  								    &retval);
  	}
  	check_arg_idx(curwin);
  
  	// If autocommands change the cursor position or topline, we should
  	// keep it.  Also when it moves within a line. But not when it moves
  	// to the first non-blank.
  	if (!EQUAL_POS(curwin->w_cursor, orig_pos))
  	{
  	    char_u *text = ml_get_curline();
  
  	    if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum != orig_pos.lnum
  		    || curwin->w_cursor.col != (int)(skipwhite(text) - text))
  	    {
  		newlnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
  		newcol = curwin->w_cursor.col;
  	    }
  	}
  	if (curwin->w_topline == topline)
  	    topline = 0;
  
  	// Even when cursor didn't move we need to recompute topline.
  	changed_line_abv_curs();
  
  #ifdef FEAT_TITLE
  	maketitle();
  #endif
  #if defined(FEAT_PROP_POPUP) && defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
  	if (WIN_IS_POPUP(curwin) && curwin->w_p_pvw && retval != FAIL)
  	    popup_set_title(curwin);
  #endif
      }
  
  #ifdef FEAT_DIFF
      // Tell the diff stuff that this buffer is new and/or needs updating.
      // Also needed when re-editing the same buffer, because unloading will
      // have removed it as a diff buffer.
      if (curwin->w_p_diff)
      {
  	diff_buf_add(curbuf);
  	diff_invalidate(curbuf);
      }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
      // If the window options were changed may need to set the spell language.
      // Can only do this after the buffer has been properly setup.
      if (did_get_winopts && curwin->w_p_spell && *curwin->w_s->b_p_spl != NUL)
  	(void)did_set_spelllang(curwin);
  #endif
  
      if (command == NULL)
      {
  	if (newcol >= 0)	// position set by autocommands
  	{
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = newlnum;
  	    curwin->w_cursor.col = newcol;
  	    check_cursor();
  	}
  	else if (newlnum > 0)	// line number from caller or old position
  	{
  	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = newlnum;
  	    check_cursor_lnum();
  	    if (solcol >= 0 && !p_sol)
  	    {
  		// 'sol' is off: Use last known column.
  		curwin->w_cursor.col = solcol;
  		check_cursor_col();
  		curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
  		curwin->w_set_curswant = TRUE;
  	    }
  	    else
  		beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
  	}
  	else			// no line number, go to last line in Ex mode
  	{
  	    if (exmode_active)
  		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  	    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
  	}
      }
  
      // Check if cursors in other windows on the same buffer are still valid
      check_lnums(FALSE);
  
      /*
       * Did not read the file, need to show some info about the file.
       * Do this after setting the cursor.
       */
      if (oldbuf && !auto_buf)
      {
  	int	msg_scroll_save = msg_scroll;
  
  	// Obey the 'O' flag in 'cpoptions': overwrite any previous file
  	// message.
  	if (shortmess(SHM_OVERALL) && !exiting && p_verbose == 0)
  	    msg_scroll = FALSE;
  	if (!msg_scroll)	// wait a bit when overwriting an error msg
  	    check_for_delay(FALSE);
  	msg_start();
  	msg_scroll = msg_scroll_save;
  	msg_scrolled_ign = TRUE;
  
  	if (!shortmess(SHM_FILEINFO))
  	    fileinfo(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
  
  	msg_scrolled_ign = FALSE;
      }
  
  #ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
      curbuf->b_last_used = vim_time();
  #endif
  
      if (command != NULL)
  	do_cmdline(command, NULL, NULL, DOCMD_VERBOSE|DOCMD_RANGEOK);
  
  #ifdef FEAT_KEYMAP
      if (curbuf->b_kmap_state & KEYMAP_INIT)
  	(void)keymap_init();
  #endif
  
      --RedrawingDisabled;
      did_inc_redrawing_disabled = FALSE;
      if (!skip_redraw)
      {
  	n = *so_ptr;
  	if (topline == 0 && command == NULL)
  	    *so_ptr = 9999;		// force cursor halfway the window
  	update_topline();
  	curwin->w_scbind_pos = curwin->w_topline;
  	*so_ptr = n;
  	redraw_curbuf_later(NOT_VALID);	// redraw this buffer later
      }
  
      if (p_im)
  	need_start_insertmode = TRUE;
  
  #ifdef FEAT_AUTOCHDIR
      // Change directories when the 'acd' option is set and we aren't already in
      // that directory (should already be done above). Expect getcwd() to be
      // faster than calling shorten_fnames() unnecessarily.
      if (p_acd && curbuf->b_ffname != NULL)
      {
  	char_u	curdir[MAXPATHL];
  	char_u	filedir[MAXPATHL];
  
  	vim_strncpy(filedir, curbuf->b_ffname, MAXPATHL - 1);
  	*gettail_sep(filedir) = NUL;
  	if (mch_dirname(curdir, MAXPATHL) != FAIL
  		&& vim_fnamecmp(curdir, filedir) != 0)
  	    do_autochdir();
      }
  #endif
  
  #if defined(FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG)
      if (curbuf->b_ffname != NULL)
      {
  # ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
  	if ((flags & ECMD_SET_HELP) != ECMD_SET_HELP)
  	    netbeans_file_opened(curbuf);
  # endif
      }
  #endif
  
  theend:
      if (did_inc_redrawing_disabled)
  	--RedrawingDisabled;
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
      if (did_set_swapcommand)
  	set_vim_var_string(VV_SWAPCOMMAND, NULL, -1);
  #endif
  #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
      vim_free(browse_file);
  #endif
      vim_free(free_fname);
      return retval;
  }
  
      static void
  delbuf_msg(char_u *name)
  {
      semsg(_("E143: Autocommands unexpectedly deleted new buffer %s"),
  	    name == NULL ? (char_u *)"" : name);
      vim_free(name);
      au_new_curbuf.br_buf = NULL;
      au_new_curbuf.br_buf_free_count = 0;
  }
  
  static int append_indent = 0;	    // autoindent for first line
  
  /*
   * ":insert" and ":append", also used by ":change"
   */
      void
  ex_append(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      char_u	*theline;
      int		did_undo = FALSE;
      linenr_T	lnum = eap->line2;
      int		indent = 0;
      char_u	*p;
      int		vcol;
      int		empty = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY);
  
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
      if (not_in_vim9(eap) == FAIL)
  	return;
  #endif
      // the ! flag toggles autoindent
      if (eap->forceit)
  	curbuf->b_p_ai = !curbuf->b_p_ai;
  
      // First autoindent comes from the line we start on
      if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_change && curbuf->b_p_ai && lnum > 0)
  	append_indent = get_indent_lnum(lnum);
  
      if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_append)
  	--lnum;
  
      // when the buffer is empty need to delete the dummy line
      if (empty && lnum == 1)
  	lnum = 0;
  
      State = INSERT;		    // behave like in Insert mode
      if (curbuf->b_p_iminsert == B_IMODE_LMAP)
  	State |= LANGMAP;
  
      for (;;)
      {
  	msg_scroll = TRUE;
  	need_wait_return = FALSE;
  	if (curbuf->b_p_ai)
  	{
  	    if (append_indent >= 0)
  	    {
  		indent = append_indent;
  		append_indent = -1;
  	    }
  	    else if (lnum > 0)
  		indent = get_indent_lnum(lnum);
  	}
  	ex_keep_indent = FALSE;
  	if (eap->getline == NULL)
  	{
  	    // No getline() function, use the lines that follow. This ends
  	    // when there is no more.
  	    if (eap->nextcmd == NULL || *eap->nextcmd == NUL)
  		break;
  	    p = vim_strchr(eap->nextcmd, NL);
  	    if (p == NULL)
  		p = eap->nextcmd + STRLEN(eap->nextcmd);
  	    theline = vim_strnsave(eap->nextcmd, p - eap->nextcmd);
  	    if (*p != NUL)
  		++p;
  	    eap->nextcmd = p;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    int save_State = State;
  
  	    // Set State to avoid the cursor shape to be set to INSERT mode
  	    // when getline() returns.
  	    State = CMDLINE;
  	    theline = eap->getline(
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  		    eap->cstack->cs_looplevel > 0 ? -1 :
  #endif
  		    NUL, eap->cookie, indent, TRUE);
  	    State = save_State;
  	}
  	lines_left = Rows - 1;
  	if (theline == NULL)
  	    break;
  
  	// Using ^ CTRL-D in getexmodeline() makes us repeat the indent.
  	if (ex_keep_indent)
  	    append_indent = indent;
  
  	// Look for the "." after automatic indent.
  	vcol = 0;
  	for (p = theline; indent > vcol; ++p)
  	{
  	    if (*p == ' ')
  		++vcol;
  	    else if (*p == TAB)
  		vcol += 8 - vcol % 8;
  	    else
  		break;
  	}
  	if ((p[0] == '.' && p[1] == NUL)
  		|| (!did_undo && u_save(lnum, lnum + 1 + (empty ? 1 : 0))
  								     == FAIL))
  	{
  	    vim_free(theline);
  	    break;
  	}
  
  	// don't use autoindent if nothing was typed.
  	if (p[0] == NUL)
  	    theline[0] = NUL;
  
  	did_undo = TRUE;
  	ml_append(lnum, theline, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
  	appended_lines_mark(lnum + (empty ? 1 : 0), 1L);
  
  	vim_free(theline);
  	++lnum;
  
  	if (empty)
  	{
  	    ml_delete(2L);
  	    empty = FALSE;
  	}
      }
      State = NORMAL;
  
      if (eap->forceit)
  	curbuf->b_p_ai = !curbuf->b_p_ai;
  
      // "start" is set to eap->line2+1 unless that position is invalid (when
      // eap->line2 pointed to the end of the buffer and nothing was appended)
      // "end" is set to lnum when something has been appended, otherwise
      // it is the same than "start"  -- Acevedo
      if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS) == 0)
      {
  	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = (eap->line2 < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) ?
  	    eap->line2 + 1 : curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  	if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_append)
  	    --curbuf->b_op_start.lnum;
  	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = (eap->line2 < lnum)
  					      ? lnum : curbuf->b_op_start.lnum;
  	curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
      }
      curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
      check_cursor_lnum();
      beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
  
      need_wait_return = FALSE;	// don't use wait_return() now
      ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
  }
  
  /*
   * ":change"
   */
      void
  ex_change(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      linenr_T	lnum;
  
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
      if (not_in_vim9(eap) == FAIL)
  	return;
  #endif
      if (eap->line2 >= eap->line1
  	    && u_save(eap->line1 - 1, eap->line2 + 1) == FAIL)
  	return;
  
      // the ! flag toggles autoindent
      if (eap->forceit ? !curbuf->b_p_ai : curbuf->b_p_ai)
  	append_indent = get_indent_lnum(eap->line1);
  
      for (lnum = eap->line2; lnum >= eap->line1; --lnum)
      {
  	if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)	    // nothing to delete
  	    break;
  	ml_delete(eap->line1);
      }
  
      // make sure the cursor is not beyond the end of the file now
      check_cursor_lnum();
      deleted_lines_mark(eap->line1, (long)(eap->line2 - lnum));
  
      // ":append" on the line above the deleted lines.
      eap->line2 = eap->line1;
      ex_append(eap);
  }
  
      void
  ex_z(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      char_u	*x;
      long	bigness;
      char_u	*kind;
      int		minus = 0;
      linenr_T	start, end, curs, i;
      int		j;
      linenr_T	lnum = eap->line2;
  
      // Vi compatible: ":z!" uses display height, without a count uses
      // 'scroll'
      if (eap->forceit)
  	bigness = curwin->w_height;
      else if (!ONE_WINDOW)
  	bigness = curwin->w_height - 3;
      else
  	bigness = curwin->w_p_scr * 2;
      if (bigness < 1)
  	bigness = 1;
  
      x = eap->arg;
      kind = x;
      if (*kind == '-' || *kind == '+' || *kind == '='
  					      || *kind == '^' || *kind == '.')
  	++x;
      while (*x == '-' || *x == '+')
  	++x;
  
      if (*x != 0)
      {
  	if (!VIM_ISDIGIT(*x))
  	{
  	    emsg(_("E144: non-numeric argument to :z"));
  	    return;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    bigness = atol((char *)x);
  
  	    // bigness could be < 0 if atol(x) overflows.
  	    if (bigness > 2 * curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count || bigness < 0)
  		bigness = 2 * curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  
  	    p_window = bigness;
  	    if (*kind == '=')
  		bigness += 2;
  	}
      }
  
      // the number of '-' and '+' multiplies the distance
      if (*kind == '-' || *kind == '+')
  	for (x = kind + 1; *x == *kind; ++x)
  	    ;
  
      switch (*kind)
      {
  	case '-':
  	    start = lnum - bigness * (linenr_T)(x - kind) + 1;
  	    end = start + bigness - 1;
  	    curs = end;
  	    break;
  
  	case '=':
  	    start = lnum - (bigness + 1) / 2 + 1;
  	    end = lnum + (bigness + 1) / 2 - 1;
  	    curs = lnum;
  	    minus = 1;
  	    break;
  
  	case '^':
  	    start = lnum - bigness * 2;
  	    end = lnum - bigness;
  	    curs = lnum - bigness;
  	    break;
  
  	case '.':
  	    start = lnum - (bigness + 1) / 2 + 1;
  	    end = lnum + (bigness + 1) / 2 - 1;
  	    curs = end;
  	    break;
  
  	default:  // '+'
  	    start = lnum;
  	    if (*kind == '+')
  		start += bigness * (linenr_T)(x - kind - 1) + 1;
  	    else if (eap->addr_count == 0)
  		++start;
  	    end = start + bigness - 1;
  	    curs = end;
  	    break;
      }
  
      if (start < 1)
  	start = 1;
  
      if (end > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
  	end = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
  
      if (curs > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
  	curs = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      else if (curs < 1)
  	curs = 1;
  
      for (i = start; i <= end; i++)
      {
  	if (minus && i == lnum)
  	{
  	    msg_putchar('\n');
  
  	    for (j = 1; j < Columns; j++)
  		msg_putchar('-');
  	}
  
  	print_line(i, eap->flags & EXFLAG_NR, eap->flags & EXFLAG_LIST);
  
  	if (minus && i == lnum)
  	{
  	    msg_putchar('\n');
  
  	    for (j = 1; j < Columns; j++)
  		msg_putchar('-');
  	}
      }
  
      if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum != curs)
      {
  	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curs;
  	curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
      }
      ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
  }
  
  /*
   * Check if the restricted flag is set.
   * If so, give an error message and return TRUE.
   * Otherwise, return FALSE.
   */
      int
  check_restricted(void)
  {
      if (restricted)
      {
  	emsg(_("E145: Shell commands and some functionality not allowed in rvim"));
  	return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  /*
   * Check if the secure flag is set (.exrc or .vimrc in current directory).
   * If so, give an error message and return TRUE.
   * Otherwise, return FALSE.
   */
      int
  check_secure(void)
  {
      if (secure)
      {
  	secure = 2;
  	emsg(_(e_curdir));
  	return TRUE;
      }
  #ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX
      /*
       * In the sandbox more things are not allowed, including the things
       * disallowed in secure mode.
       */
      if (sandbox != 0)
      {
  	emsg(_(e_sandbox));
  	return TRUE;
      }
  #endif
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  static char_u	*old_sub = NULL;	// previous substitute pattern
  static int	global_need_beginline;	// call beginline() after ":g"
  
  /*
   * Flags that are kept between calls to :substitute.
   */
  typedef struct {
      int	do_all;		// do multiple substitutions per line
      int	do_ask;		// ask for confirmation
      int	do_count;	// count only
      int	do_error;	// if false, ignore errors
      int	do_print;	// print last line with subs.
      int	do_list;	// list last line with subs.
      int	do_number;	// list last line with line nr
      int	do_ic;		// ignore case flag
  } subflags_T;
  
  /*
   * Perform a substitution from line eap->line1 to line eap->line2 using the
   * command pointed to by eap->arg which should be of the form:
   *
   * /pattern/substitution/{flags}
   *
   * The usual escapes are supported as described in the regexp docs.
   */
      void
  ex_substitute(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      linenr_T	lnum;
      long	i = 0;
      regmmatch_T regmatch;
      static subflags_T subflags = {FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE,
  							      FALSE, FALSE, 0};
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
      subflags_T	subflags_save;
  #endif
      int		save_do_all;		// remember user specified 'g' flag
      int		save_do_ask;		// remember user specified 'c' flag
      char_u	*pat = NULL, *sub = NULL;	// init for GCC
      int		delimiter;
      int		sublen;
      int		got_quit = FALSE;
      int		got_match = FALSE;
      int		temp;
      int		which_pat;
      char_u	*cmd;
      int		save_State;
      linenr_T	first_line = 0;		// first changed line
      linenr_T	last_line= 0;		// below last changed line AFTER the
  					// change
      linenr_T	old_line_count = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      linenr_T	line2;
      long	nmatch;			// number of lines in match
      char_u	*sub_firstline;		// allocated copy of first sub line
      int		endcolumn = FALSE;	// cursor in last column when done
      pos_T	old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
      int		start_nsubs;
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
      int		save_ma = 0;
  #endif
  
      cmd = eap->arg;
      if (!global_busy)
      {
  	sub_nsubs = 0;
  	sub_nlines = 0;
      }
      start_nsubs = sub_nsubs;
  
      if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_tilde)
  	which_pat = RE_LAST;	// use last used regexp
      else
  	which_pat = RE_SUBST;	// use last substitute regexp
  
  				// new pattern and substitution
      if (eap->cmd[0] == 's' && *cmd != NUL && !VIM_ISWHITE(*cmd)
  		&& vim_strchr((char_u *)"0123456789cegriIp|\"", *cmd) == NULL)
      {
  				// don't accept alphanumeric for separator
  	if (isalpha(*cmd))
  	{
  	    emsg(_("E146: Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters"));
  	    return;
  	}
  	/*
  	 * undocumented vi feature:
  	 *  "\/sub/" and "\?sub?" use last used search pattern (almost like
  	 *  //sub/r).  "\&sub&" use last substitute pattern (like //sub/).
  	 */
  	if (*cmd == '\\')
  	{
  	    ++cmd;
  	    if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"/?&", *cmd) == NULL)
  	    {
  		emsg(_(e_backslash));
  		return;
  	    }
  	    if (*cmd != '&')
  		which_pat = RE_SEARCH;	    // use last '/' pattern
  	    pat = (char_u *)"";		    // empty search pattern
  	    delimiter = *cmd++;		    // remember delimiter character
  	}
  	else		// find the end of the regexp
  	{
  	    which_pat = RE_LAST;	    // use last used regexp
  	    delimiter = *cmd++;		    // remember delimiter character
  	    pat = cmd;			    // remember start of search pat
  	    cmd = skip_regexp_ex(cmd, delimiter, p_magic, &eap->arg, NULL);
  	    if (cmd[0] == delimiter)	    // end delimiter found
  		*cmd++ = NUL;		    // replace it with a NUL
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Small incompatibility: vi sees '\n' as end of the command, but in
  	 * Vim we want to use '\n' to find/substitute a NUL.
  	 */
  	sub = cmd;	    // remember the start of the substitution
  
  	while (cmd[0])
  	{
  	    if (cmd[0] == delimiter)		// end delimiter found
  	    {
  		*cmd++ = NUL;			// replace it with a NUL
  		break;
  	    }
  	    if (cmd[0] == '\\' && cmd[1] != 0)	// skip escaped characters
  		++cmd;
  	    MB_PTR_ADV(cmd);
  	}
  
  	if (!eap->skip)
  	{
  	    // In POSIX vi ":s/pat/%/" uses the previous subst. string.
  	    if (STRCMP(sub, "%") == 0
  				 && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_SUBPERCENT) != NULL)
  	    {
  		if (old_sub == NULL)	// there is no previous command
  		{
  		    emsg(_(e_nopresub));
  		    return;
  		}
  		sub = old_sub;
  	    }
  	    else
  	    {
  		vim_free(old_sub);
  		old_sub = vim_strsave(sub);
  	    }
  	}
      }
      else if (!eap->skip)	// use previous pattern and substitution
      {
  	if (old_sub == NULL)	// there is no previous command
  	{
  	    emsg(_(e_nopresub));
  	    return;
  	}
  	pat = NULL;		// search_regcomp() will use previous pattern
  	sub = old_sub;
  
  	// Vi compatibility quirk: repeating with ":s" keeps the cursor in the
  	// last column after using "$".
  	endcolumn = (curwin->w_curswant == MAXCOL);
      }
  
      // Recognize ":%s/\n//" and turn it into a join command, which is much
      // more efficient.
      // TODO: find a generic solution to make line-joining operations more
      // efficient, avoid allocating a string that grows in size.
      if (pat != NULL && STRCMP(pat, "\\n") == 0
  	    && *sub == NUL
  	    && (*cmd == NUL || (cmd[1] == NUL && (*cmd == 'g' || *cmd == 'l'
  					     || *cmd == 'p' || *cmd == '#'))))
      {
  	linenr_T    joined_lines_count;
  
  	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
  	if (*cmd == 'l')
  	    eap->flags = EXFLAG_LIST;
  	else if (*cmd == '#')
  	    eap->flags = EXFLAG_NR;
  	else if (*cmd == 'p')
  	    eap->flags = EXFLAG_PRINT;
  
  	// The number of lines joined is the number of lines in the range plus
  	// one.  One less when the last line is included.
  	joined_lines_count = eap->line2 - eap->line1 + 1;
  	if (eap->line2 < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
  	    ++joined_lines_count;
  	if (joined_lines_count > 1)
  	{
  	    (void)do_join(joined_lines_count, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE);
  	    sub_nsubs = joined_lines_count - 1;
  	    sub_nlines = 1;
  	    (void)do_sub_msg(FALSE);
  	    ex_may_print(eap);
  	}
  
  	if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_KEEPPATTERNS) == 0)
  	    save_re_pat(RE_SUBST, pat, p_magic);
  	// put pattern in history
  	add_to_history(HIST_SEARCH, pat, TRUE, NUL);
  
  	return;
      }
  
      /*
       * Find trailing options.  When '&' is used, keep old options.
       */
      if (*cmd == '&')
  	++cmd;
      else
      {
  	if (!p_ed)
  	{
  	    if (p_gd)		// default is global on
  		subflags.do_all = TRUE;
  	    else
  		subflags.do_all = FALSE;
  	    subflags.do_ask = FALSE;
  	}
  	subflags.do_error = TRUE;
  	subflags.do_print = FALSE;
  	subflags.do_list = FALSE;
  	subflags.do_count = FALSE;
  	subflags.do_number = FALSE;
  	subflags.do_ic = 0;
      }
      while (*cmd)
      {
  	/*
  	 * Note that 'g' and 'c' are always inverted, also when p_ed is off.
  	 * 'r' is never inverted.
  	 */
  	if (*cmd == 'g')
  	    subflags.do_all = !subflags.do_all;
  	else if (*cmd == 'c')
  	    subflags.do_ask = !subflags.do_ask;
  	else if (*cmd == 'n')
  	    subflags.do_count = TRUE;
  	else if (*cmd == 'e')
  	    subflags.do_error = !subflags.do_error;
  	else if (*cmd == 'r')	    // use last used regexp
  	    which_pat = RE_LAST;
  	else if (*cmd == 'p')
  	    subflags.do_print = TRUE;
  	else if (*cmd == '#')
  	{
  	    subflags.do_print = TRUE;
  	    subflags.do_number = TRUE;
  	}
  	else if (*cmd == 'l')
  	{
  	    subflags.do_print = TRUE;
  	    subflags.do_list = TRUE;
  	}
  	else if (*cmd == 'i')	    // ignore case
  	    subflags.do_ic = 'i';
  	else if (*cmd == 'I')	    // don't ignore case
  	    subflags.do_ic = 'I';
  	else
  	    break;
  	++cmd;
      }
      if (subflags.do_count)
  	subflags.do_ask = FALSE;
  
      save_do_all = subflags.do_all;
      save_do_ask = subflags.do_ask;
  
      /*
       * check for a trailing count
       */
      cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
      if (VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))
      {
  	i = getdigits(&cmd);
  	if (i <= 0 && !eap->skip && subflags.do_error)
  	{
  	    emsg(_(e_zerocount));
  	    return;
  	}
  	eap->line1 = eap->line2;
  	eap->line2 += i - 1;
  	if (eap->line2 > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
  	    eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      }
  
      /*
       * check for trailing command or garbage
       */
      cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
      if (*cmd && *cmd != '"')	    // if not end-of-line or comment
      {
  	eap->nextcmd = check_nextcmd(cmd);
  	if (eap->nextcmd == NULL)
  	{
  	    semsg(_(e_trailing_arg), cmd);
  	    return;
  	}
      }
  
      if (eap->skip)	    // not executing commands, only parsing
  	return;
  
      if (!subflags.do_count && !curbuf->b_p_ma)
      {
  	// Substitution is not allowed in non-'modifiable' buffer
  	emsg(_(e_modifiable));
  	return;
      }
  
      if (search_regcomp(pat, RE_SUBST, which_pat, SEARCH_HIS, &regmatch) == FAIL)
      {
  	if (subflags.do_error)
  	    emsg(_(e_invalid_command));
  	return;
      }
  
      // the 'i' or 'I' flag overrules 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase'
      if (subflags.do_ic == 'i')
  	regmatch.rmm_ic = TRUE;
      else if (subflags.do_ic == 'I')
  	regmatch.rmm_ic = FALSE;
  
      sub_firstline = NULL;
  
      /*
       * ~ in the substitute pattern is replaced with the old pattern.
       * We do it here once to avoid it to be replaced over and over again.
       * But don't do it when it starts with "\=", then it's an expression.
       */
      if (!(sub[0] == '\\' && sub[1] == '='))
  	sub = regtilde(sub, p_magic);
  
      /*
       * Check for a match on each line.
       */
      line2 = eap->line2;
      for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= line2 && !(got_quit
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
  		|| aborting()
  #endif
  		); ++lnum)
      {
  	nmatch = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf, lnum,
  						       (colnr_T)0, NULL, NULL);
  	if (nmatch)
  	{
  	    colnr_T	copycol;
  	    colnr_T	matchcol;
  	    colnr_T	prev_matchcol = MAXCOL;
  	    char_u	*new_end, *new_start = NULL;
  	    unsigned	new_start_len = 0;
  	    char_u	*p1;
  	    int		did_sub = FALSE;
  	    int		lastone;
  	    int		len, copy_len, needed_len;
  	    long	nmatch_tl = 0;	// nr of lines matched below lnum
  	    int		do_again;	// do it again after joining lines
  	    int		skip_match = FALSE;
  	    linenr_T	sub_firstlnum;	// nr of first sub line
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  	    int		apc_flags = APC_SAVE_FOR_UNDO | APC_SUBSTITUTE;
  	    colnr_T	total_added =  0;
  #endif
  
  	    /*
  	     * The new text is build up step by step, to avoid too much
  	     * copying.  There are these pieces:
  	     * sub_firstline	The old text, unmodified.
  	     * copycol		Column in the old text where we started
  	     *			looking for a match; from here old text still
  	     *			needs to be copied to the new text.
  	     * matchcol		Column number of the old text where to look
  	     *			for the next match.  It's just after the
  	     *			previous match or one further.
  	     * prev_matchcol	Column just after the previous match (if any).
  	     *			Mostly equal to matchcol, except for the first
  	     *			match and after skipping an empty match.
  	     * regmatch.*pos	Where the pattern matched in the old text.
  	     * new_start	The new text, all that has been produced so
  	     *			far.
  	     * new_end		The new text, where to append new text.
  	     *
  	     * lnum		The line number where we found the start of
  	     *			the match.  Can be below the line we searched
  	     *			when there is a \n before a \zs in the
  	     *			pattern.
  	     * sub_firstlnum	The line number in the buffer where to look
  	     *			for a match.  Can be different from "lnum"
  	     *			when the pattern or substitute string contains
  	     *			line breaks.
  	     *
  	     * Special situations:
  	     * - When the substitute string contains a line break, the part up
  	     *   to the line break is inserted in the text, but the copy of
  	     *   the original line is kept.  "sub_firstlnum" is adjusted for
  	     *   the inserted lines.
  	     * - When the matched pattern contains a line break, the old line
  	     *   is taken from the line at the end of the pattern.  The lines
  	     *   in the match are deleted later, "sub_firstlnum" is adjusted
  	     *   accordingly.
  	     *
  	     * The new text is built up in new_start[].  It has some extra
  	     * room to avoid using alloc()/free() too often.  new_start_len is
  	     * the length of the allocated memory at new_start.
  	     *
  	     * Make a copy of the old line, so it won't be taken away when
  	     * updating the screen or handling a multi-line match.  The "old_"
  	     * pointers point into this copy.
  	     */
  	    sub_firstlnum = lnum;
  	    copycol = 0;
  	    matchcol = 0;
  
  	    // At first match, remember current cursor position.
  	    if (!got_match)
  	    {
  		setpcmark();
  		got_match = TRUE;
  	    }
  
  	    /*
  	     * Loop until nothing more to replace in this line.
  	     * 1. Handle match with empty string.
  	     * 2. If do_ask is set, ask for confirmation.
  	     * 3. substitute the string.
  	     * 4. if do_all is set, find next match
  	     * 5. break if there isn't another match in this line
  	     */
  	    for (;;)
  	    {
  		// Advance "lnum" to the line where the match starts.  The
  		// match does not start in the first line when there is a line
  		// break before \zs.
  		if (regmatch.startpos[0].lnum > 0)
  		{
  		    lnum += regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
  		    sub_firstlnum += regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
  		    nmatch -= regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
  		    VIM_CLEAR(sub_firstline);
  		}
  
  		// Match might be after the last line for "\n\zs" matching at
  		// the end of the last line.
  		if (lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
  		    break;
  
  		if (sub_firstline == NULL)
  		{
  		    sub_firstline = vim_strsave(ml_get(sub_firstlnum));
  		    if (sub_firstline == NULL)
  		    {
  			vim_free(new_start);
  			goto outofmem;
  		    }
  		}
  
  		// Save the line number of the last change for the final
  		// cursor position (just like Vi).
  		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
  		do_again = FALSE;
  
  		/*
  		 * 1. Match empty string does not count, except for first
  		 * match.  This reproduces the strange vi behaviour.
  		 * This also catches endless loops.
  		 */
  		if (matchcol == prev_matchcol
  			&& regmatch.endpos[0].lnum == 0
  			&& matchcol == regmatch.endpos[0].col)
  		{
  		    if (sub_firstline[matchcol] == NUL)
  			// We already were at the end of the line.  Don't look
  			// for a match in this line again.
  			skip_match = TRUE;
  		    else
  		    {
  			 // search for a match at next column
  			if (has_mbyte)
  			    matchcol += mb_ptr2len(sub_firstline + matchcol);
  			else
  			    ++matchcol;
  		    }
  		    goto skip;
  		}
  
  		// Normally we continue searching for a match just after the
  		// previous match.
  		matchcol = regmatch.endpos[0].col;
  		prev_matchcol = matchcol;
  
  		/*
  		 * 2. If do_count is set only increase the counter.
  		 *    If do_ask is set, ask for confirmation.
  		 */
  		if (subflags.do_count)
  		{
  		    // For a multi-line match, put matchcol at the NUL at
  		    // the end of the line and set nmatch to one, so that
  		    // we continue looking for a match on the next line.
  		    // Avoids that ":s/\nB\@=//gc" get stuck.
  		    if (nmatch > 1)
  		    {
  			matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline);
  			nmatch = 1;
  			skip_match = TRUE;
  		    }
  		    sub_nsubs++;
  		    did_sub = TRUE;
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  		    // Skip the substitution, unless an expression is used,
  		    // then it is evaluated in the sandbox.
  		    if (!(sub[0] == '\\' && sub[1] == '='))
  #endif
  			goto skip;
  		}
  
  		if (subflags.do_ask)
  		{
  		    int typed = 0;
  
  		    // change State to CONFIRM, so that the mouse works
  		    // properly
  		    save_State = State;
  		    State = CONFIRM;
  		    setmouse();		// disable mouse in xterm
  		    curwin->w_cursor.col = regmatch.startpos[0].col;
  		    if (curwin->w_p_crb)
  			do_check_cursorbind();
  
  		    // When 'cpoptions' contains "u" don't sync undo when
  		    // asking for confirmation.
  		    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_UNDO) != NULL)
  			++no_u_sync;
  
  		    /*
  		     * Loop until 'y', 'n', 'q', CTRL-E or CTRL-Y typed.
  		     */
  		    while (subflags.do_ask)
  		    {
  			if (exmode_active)
  			{
  			    char_u	*resp;
  			    colnr_T	sc, ec;
  
  			    print_line_no_prefix(lnum,
  					 subflags.do_number, subflags.do_list);
  
  			    getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, &sc, NULL, NULL);
  			    curwin->w_cursor.col = regmatch.endpos[0].col - 1;
  			    if (curwin->w_cursor.col < 0)
  				curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
  			    getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, NULL, NULL, &ec);
  			    if (subflags.do_number || curwin->w_p_nu)
  			    {
  				int numw = number_width(curwin) + 1;
  				sc += numw;
  				ec += numw;
  			    }
  			    msg_start();
  			    for (i = 0; i < (long)sc; ++i)
  				msg_putchar(' ');
  			    for ( ; i <= (long)ec; ++i)
  				msg_putchar('^');
  
  			    resp = getexmodeline('?', NULL, 0, TRUE);
  			    if (resp != NULL)
  			    {
  				typed = *resp;
  				vim_free(resp);
  			    }
  			}
  			else
  			{
  			    char_u *orig_line = NULL;
  			    int    len_change = 0;
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  			    int save_p_fen = curwin->w_p_fen;
  
  			    curwin->w_p_fen = FALSE;
  #endif
  			    // Invert the matched string.
  			    // Remove the inversion afterwards.
  			    temp = RedrawingDisabled;
  			    RedrawingDisabled = 0;
  
  			    if (new_start != NULL)
  			    {
  				// There already was a substitution, we would
  				// like to show this to the user.  We cannot
  				// really update the line, it would change
  				// what matches.  Temporarily replace the line
  				// and change it back afterwards.
  				orig_line = vim_strsave(ml_get(lnum));
  				if (orig_line != NULL)
  				{
  				    char_u *new_line = concat_str(new_start,
  						     sub_firstline + copycol);
  
  				    if (new_line == NULL)
  					VIM_CLEAR(orig_line);
  				    else
  				    {
  					// Position the cursor relative to the
  					// end of the line, the previous
  					// substitute may have inserted or
  					// deleted characters before the
  					// cursor.
  					len_change = (int)STRLEN(new_line)
  						     - (int)STRLEN(orig_line);
  					curwin->w_cursor.col += len_change;
  					ml_replace(lnum, new_line, FALSE);
  				    }
  				}
  			    }
  
  			    search_match_lines = regmatch.endpos[0].lnum
  						  - regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
  			    search_match_endcol = regmatch.endpos[0].col
  								 + len_change;
  			    highlight_match = TRUE;
  
  			    update_topline();
  			    validate_cursor();
  			    update_screen(SOME_VALID);
  			    highlight_match = FALSE;
  			    redraw_later(SOME_VALID);
  
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  			    curwin->w_p_fen = save_p_fen;
  #endif
  			    if (msg_row == Rows - 1)
  				msg_didout = FALSE;	// avoid a scroll-up
  			    msg_starthere();
  			    i = msg_scroll;
  			    msg_scroll = 0;		// truncate msg when
  							// needed
  			    msg_no_more = TRUE;
  			    // write message same highlighting as for
  			    // wait_return
  			    smsg_attr(HL_ATTR(HLF_R),
  				_("replace with %s (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)?"), sub);
  			    msg_no_more = FALSE;
  			    msg_scroll = i;
  			    showruler(TRUE);
  			    windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
  			    RedrawingDisabled = temp;
  
  #ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
  			    dont_scroll = FALSE; // allow scrolling here
  #endif
  			    ++no_mapping;	// don't map this key
  			    ++allow_keys;	// allow special keys
  			    typed = plain_vgetc();
  			    --allow_keys;
  			    --no_mapping;
  
  			    // clear the question
  			    msg_didout = FALSE;	// don't scroll up
  			    msg_col = 0;
  			    gotocmdline(TRUE);
  
  			    // restore the line
  			    if (orig_line != NULL)
  				ml_replace(lnum, orig_line, FALSE);
  			}
  
  			need_wait_return = FALSE; // no hit-return prompt
  			if (typed == 'q' || typed == ESC || typed == Ctrl_C
  #ifdef UNIX
  				|| typed == intr_char
  #endif
  				)
  			{
  			    got_quit = TRUE;
  			    break;
  			}
  			if (typed == 'n')
  			    break;
  			if (typed == 'y')
  			    break;
  			if (typed == 'l')
  			{
  			    // last: replace and then stop
  			    subflags.do_all = FALSE;
  			    line2 = lnum;
  			    break;
  			}
  			if (typed == 'a')
  			{
  			    subflags.do_ask = FALSE;
  			    break;
  			}
  			if (typed == Ctrl_E)
  			    scrollup_clamp();
  			else if (typed == Ctrl_Y)
  			    scrolldown_clamp();
  		    }
  		    State = save_State;
  		    setmouse();
  		    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_UNDO) != NULL)
  			--no_u_sync;
  
  		    if (typed == 'n')
  		    {
  			// For a multi-line match, put matchcol at the NUL at
  			// the end of the line and set nmatch to one, so that
  			// we continue looking for a match on the next line.
  			// Avoids that ":%s/\nB\@=//gc" and ":%s/\n/,\r/gc"
  			// get stuck when pressing 'n'.
  			if (nmatch > 1)
  			{
  			    matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline);
  			    skip_match = TRUE;
  			}
  			goto skip;
  		    }
  		    if (got_quit)
  			goto skip;
  		}
  
  		// Move the cursor to the start of the match, so that we can
  		// use "\=col(".").
  		curwin->w_cursor.col = regmatch.startpos[0].col;
  
  		/*
  		 * 3. substitute the string.
  		 */
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  		save_ma = curbuf->b_p_ma;
  		if (subflags.do_count)
  		{
  		    // prevent accidentally changing the buffer by a function
  		    curbuf->b_p_ma = FALSE;
  		    sandbox++;
  		}
  		// Save flags for recursion.  They can change for e.g.
  		// :s/^/\=execute("s#^##gn")
  		subflags_save = subflags;
  #endif
  		// get length of substitution part
  		sublen = vim_regsub_multi(&regmatch,
  				    sub_firstlnum - regmatch.startpos[0].lnum,
  				    sub, sub_firstline, FALSE, p_magic, TRUE);
  #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
  		// If getting the substitute string caused an error, don't do
  		// the replacement.
  		// Don't keep flags set by a recursive call.
  		subflags = subflags_save;
  		if (aborting() || subflags.do_count)
  		{
  		    curbuf->b_p_ma = save_ma;
  		    if (sandbox > 0)
  			sandbox--;
  		    goto skip;
  		}
  #endif
  
  		// When the match included the "$" of the last line it may
  		// go beyond the last line of the buffer.
  		if (nmatch > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - sub_firstlnum + 1)
  		{
  		    nmatch = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - sub_firstlnum + 1;
  		    skip_match = TRUE;
  		}
  
  		// Need room for:
  		// - result so far in new_start (not for first sub in line)
  		// - original text up to match
  		// - length of substituted part
  		// - original text after match
  		// Adjust text properties here, since we have all information
  		// needed.
  		if (nmatch == 1)
  		{
  		    p1 = sub_firstline;
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  		    if (curbuf->b_has_textprop)
  		    {
  			int bytes_added = sublen - 1 - (regmatch.endpos[0].col
  						   - regmatch.startpos[0].col);
  
  			// When text properties are changed, need to save for
  			// undo first, unless done already.
  			if (adjust_prop_columns(lnum,
  					total_added + regmatch.startpos[0].col,
  						       bytes_added, apc_flags))
  			    apc_flags &= ~APC_SAVE_FOR_UNDO;
  			// Offset for column byte number of the text property
  			// in the resulting buffer afterwards.
  			total_added += bytes_added;
  		    }
  #endif
  		}
  		else
  		{
  		    p1 = ml_get(sub_firstlnum + nmatch - 1);
  		    nmatch_tl += nmatch - 1;
  		}
  		copy_len = regmatch.startpos[0].col - copycol;
  		needed_len = copy_len + ((unsigned)STRLEN(p1)
  				       - regmatch.endpos[0].col) + sublen + 1;
  		if (new_start == NULL)
  		{
  		    /*
  		     * Get some space for a temporary buffer to do the
  		     * substitution into (and some extra space to avoid
  		     * too many calls to alloc()/free()).
  		     */
  		    new_start_len = needed_len + 50;
  		    if ((new_start = alloc(new_start_len)) == NULL)
  			goto outofmem;
  		    *new_start = NUL;
  		    new_end = new_start;
  		}
  		else
  		{
  		    /*
  		     * Check if the temporary buffer is long enough to do the
  		     * substitution into.  If not, make it larger (with a bit
  		     * extra to avoid too many calls to alloc()/free()).
  		     */
  		    len = (unsigned)STRLEN(new_start);
  		    needed_len += len;
  		    if (needed_len > (int)new_start_len)
  		    {
  			new_start_len = needed_len + 50;
  			if ((p1 = alloc(new_start_len)) == NULL)
  			{
  			    vim_free(new_start);
  			    goto outofmem;
  			}
  			mch_memmove(p1, new_start, (size_t)(len + 1));
  			vim_free(new_start);
  			new_start = p1;
  		    }
  		    new_end = new_start + len;
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * copy the text up to the part that matched
  		 */
  		mch_memmove(new_end, sub_firstline + copycol, (size_t)copy_len);
  		new_end += copy_len;
  
  		(void)vim_regsub_multi(&regmatch,
  				    sub_firstlnum - regmatch.startpos[0].lnum,
  					   sub, new_end, TRUE, p_magic, TRUE);
  		sub_nsubs++;
  		did_sub = TRUE;
  
  		// Move the cursor to the start of the line, to avoid that it
  		// is beyond the end of the line after the substitution.
  		curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
  
  		// For a multi-line match, make a copy of the last matched
  		// line and continue in that one.
  		if (nmatch > 1)
  		{
  		    sub_firstlnum += nmatch - 1;
  		    vim_free(sub_firstline);
  		    sub_firstline = vim_strsave(ml_get(sub_firstlnum));
  		    // When going beyond the last line, stop substituting.
  		    if (sub_firstlnum <= line2)
  			do_again = TRUE;
  		    else
  			subflags.do_all = FALSE;
  		}
  
  		// Remember next character to be copied.
  		copycol = regmatch.endpos[0].col;
  
  		if (skip_match)
  		{
  		    // Already hit end of the buffer, sub_firstlnum is one
  		    // less than what it ought to be.
  		    vim_free(sub_firstline);
  		    sub_firstline = vim_strsave((char_u *)"");
  		    copycol = 0;
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * Now the trick is to replace CTRL-M chars with a real line
  		 * break.  This would make it impossible to insert a CTRL-M in
  		 * the text.  The line break can be avoided by preceding the
  		 * CTRL-M with a backslash.  To be able to insert a backslash,
  		 * they must be doubled in the string and are halved here.
  		 * That is Vi compatible.
  		 */
  		for (p1 = new_end; *p1; ++p1)
  		{
  		    if (p1[0] == '\\' && p1[1] != NUL)  // remove backslash
  		    {
  			STRMOVE(p1, p1 + 1);
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  			if (curbuf->b_has_textprop)
  			{
  			    // When text properties are changed, need to save
  			    // for undo first, unless done already.
  			    if (adjust_prop_columns(lnum,
  					(colnr_T)(p1 - new_start), -1,
  					apc_flags))
  				apc_flags &= ~APC_SAVE_FOR_UNDO;
  			}
  #endif
  		    }
  		    else if (*p1 == CAR)
  		    {
  			if (u_inssub(lnum) == OK)   // prepare for undo
  			{
  			    colnr_T	plen = (colnr_T)(p1 - new_start + 1);
  
  			    *p1 = NUL;		    // truncate up to the CR
  			    ml_append(lnum - 1, new_start, plen, FALSE);
  			    mark_adjust(lnum + 1, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, 1L, 0L);
  			    if (subflags.do_ask)
  				appended_lines(lnum - 1, 1L);
  			    else
  			    {
  				if (first_line == 0)
  				    first_line = lnum;
  				last_line = lnum + 1;
  			    }
  #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  			    adjust_props_for_split(lnum + 1, lnum, plen, 1);
  #endif
  			    // all line numbers increase
  			    ++sub_firstlnum;
  			    ++lnum;
  			    ++line2;
  			    // move the cursor to the new line, like Vi
  			    ++curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
  			    // copy the rest
  			    STRMOVE(new_start, p1 + 1);
  			    p1 = new_start - 1;
  			}
  		    }
  		    else if (has_mbyte)
  			p1 += (*mb_ptr2len)(p1) - 1;
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * 4. If do_all is set, find next match.
  		 * Prevent endless loop with patterns that match empty
  		 * strings, e.g. :s/$/pat/g or :s/[a-z]* /(&)/g.
  		 * But ":s/\n/#/" is OK.
  		 */
  skip:
  		// We already know that we did the last subst when we are at
  		// the end of the line, except that a pattern like
  		// "bar\|\nfoo" may match at the NUL.  "lnum" can be below
  		// "line2" when there is a \zs in the pattern after a line
  		// break.
  		lastone = (skip_match
  			|| got_int
  			|| got_quit
  			|| lnum > line2
  			|| !(subflags.do_all || do_again)
  			|| (sub_firstline[matchcol] == NUL && nmatch <= 1
  					 && !re_multiline(regmatch.regprog)));
  		nmatch = -1;
  
  		/*
  		 * Replace the line in the buffer when needed.  This is
  		 * skipped when there are more matches.
  		 * The check for nmatch_tl is needed for when multi-line
  		 * matching must replace the lines before trying to do another
  		 * match, otherwise "\@<=" won't work.
  		 * When the match starts below where we start searching also
  		 * need to replace the line first (using \zs after \n).
  		 */
  		if (lastone
  			|| nmatch_tl > 0
  			|| (nmatch = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin,
  							curbuf, sub_firstlnum,
  						    matchcol, NULL, NULL)) == 0
  			|| regmatch.startpos[0].lnum > 0)
  		{
  		    if (new_start != NULL)
  		    {
  			/*
  			 * Copy the rest of the line, that didn't match.
  			 * "matchcol" has to be adjusted, we use the end of
  			 * the line as reference, because the substitute may
  			 * have changed the number of characters.  Same for
  			 * "prev_matchcol".
  			 */
  			STRCAT(new_start, sub_firstline + copycol);
  			matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline) - matchcol;
  			prev_matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline)
  							      - prev_matchcol;
  
  			if (u_savesub(lnum) != OK)
  			    break;
  			ml_replace(lnum, new_start, TRUE);
  
  			if (nmatch_tl > 0)
  			{
  			    /*
  			     * Matched lines have now been substituted and are
  			     * useless, delete them.  The part after the match
  			     * has been appended to new_start, we don't need
  			     * it in the buffer.
  			     */
  			    ++lnum;
  			    if (u_savedel(lnum, nmatch_tl) != OK)
  				break;
  			    for (i = 0; i < nmatch_tl; ++i)
  				ml_delete(lnum);
  			    mark_adjust(lnum, lnum + nmatch_tl - 1,
  						   (long)MAXLNUM, -nmatch_tl);
  			    if (subflags.do_ask)
  				deleted_lines(lnum, nmatch_tl);
  			    --lnum;
  			    line2 -= nmatch_tl; // nr of lines decreases
  			    nmatch_tl = 0;
  			}
  
  			// When asking, undo is saved each time, must also set
  			// changed flag each time.
  			if (subflags.do_ask)
  			    changed_bytes(lnum, 0);
  			else
  			{
  			    if (first_line == 0)
  				first_line = lnum;
  			    last_line = lnum + 1;
  			}
  
  			sub_firstlnum = lnum;
  			vim_free(sub_firstline);    // free the temp buffer
  			sub_firstline = new_start;
  			new_start = NULL;
  			matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline) - matchcol;
  			prev_matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline)
  							      - prev_matchcol;
  			copycol = 0;
  		    }
  		    if (nmatch == -1 && !lastone)
  			nmatch = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf,
  					  sub_firstlnum, matchcol, NULL, NULL);
  
  		    /*
  		     * 5. break if there isn't another match in this line
  		     */
  		    if (nmatch <= 0)
  		    {
  			// If the match found didn't start where we were
  			// searching, do the next search in the line where we
  			// found the match.
  			if (nmatch == -1)
  			    lnum -= regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
  			break;
  		    }
  		}
  
  		line_breakcheck();
  	    }
  
  	    if (did_sub)
  		++sub_nlines;
  	    vim_free(new_start);	// for when substitute was cancelled
  	    VIM_CLEAR(sub_firstline);	// free the copy of the original line
  	}
  
  	line_breakcheck();
      }
  
      if (first_line != 0)
      {
  	// Need to subtract the number of added lines from "last_line" to get
  	// the line number before the change (same as adding the number of
  	// deleted lines).
  	i = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - old_line_count;
  	changed_lines(first_line, 0, last_line - i, i);
      }
  
  outofmem:
      vim_free(sub_firstline); // may have to free allocated copy of the line
  
      // ":s/pat//n" doesn't move the cursor
      if (subflags.do_count)
  	curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
  
      if (sub_nsubs > start_nsubs)
      {
  	if ((cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_LOCKMARKS) == 0)
  	{
  	    // Set the '[ and '] marks.
  	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = eap->line1;
  	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = line2;
  	    curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
  	}
  
  	if (!global_busy)
  	{
  	    // when interactive leave cursor on the match
  	    if (!subflags.do_ask)
  	    {
  		if (endcolumn)
  		    coladvance((colnr_T)MAXCOL);
  		else
  		    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
  	    }
  	    if (!do_sub_msg(subflags.do_count) && subflags.do_ask)
  		msg("");
  	}
  	else
  	    global_need_beginline = TRUE;
  	if (subflags.do_print)
  	    print_line(curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
  					 subflags.do_number, subflags.do_list);
      }
      else if (!global_busy)
      {
  	if (got_int)		// interrupted
  	    emsg(_(e_interr));
  	else if (got_match)	// did find something but nothing substituted
  	    msg("");
  	else if (subflags.do_error)	// nothing found
  	    semsg(_(e_patnotf2), get_search_pat());
      }
  
  #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
      if (subflags.do_ask && hasAnyFolding(curwin))
  	// Cursor position may require updating
  	changed_window_setting();
  #endif
  
      vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
  
      // Restore the flag values, they can be used for ":&&".
      subflags.do_all = save_do_all;
      subflags.do_ask = save_do_ask;
  }
  
  /*
   * Give message for number of substitutions.
   * Can also be used after a ":global" command.
   * Return TRUE if a message was given.
   */
      int
  do_sub_msg(
      int	    count_only)		// used 'n' flag for ":s"
  {
      /*
       * Only report substitutions when:
       * - more than 'report' substitutions
       * - command was typed by user, or number of changed lines > 'report'
       * - giving messages is not disabled by 'lazyredraw'
       */
      if (((sub_nsubs > p_report && (KeyTyped || sub_nlines > 1 || p_report < 1))
  		|| count_only)
  	    && messaging())
      {
  	char	*msg_single;
  	char	*msg_plural;
  
  	if (got_int)
  	    STRCPY(msg_buf, _("(Interrupted) "));
  	else
  	    *msg_buf = NUL;
  
  	msg_single = count_only
  		    ? NGETTEXT("%ld match on %ld line",
  					  "%ld matches on %ld line", sub_nsubs)
  		    : NGETTEXT("%ld substitution on %ld line",
  				   "%ld substitutions on %ld line", sub_nsubs);
  	msg_plural = count_only
  		    ? NGETTEXT("%ld match on %ld lines",
  					 "%ld matches on %ld lines", sub_nsubs)
  		    : NGETTEXT("%ld substitution on %ld lines",
  				  "%ld substitutions on %ld lines", sub_nsubs);
  
  	vim_snprintf_add(msg_buf, sizeof(msg_buf),
  				 NGETTEXT(msg_single, msg_plural, sub_nlines),
  				 sub_nsubs, (long)sub_nlines);
  
  	if (msg(msg_buf))
  	    // save message to display it after redraw
  	    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
  	return TRUE;
      }
      if (got_int)
      {
  	emsg(_(e_interr));
  	return TRUE;
      }
      return FALSE;
  }
  
      static void
  global_exe_one(char_u *cmd, linenr_T lnum)
  {
      curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
      curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
      if (*cmd == NUL || *cmd == '\n')
  	do_cmdline((char_u *)"p", NULL, NULL, DOCMD_NOWAIT);
      else
  	do_cmdline(cmd, NULL, NULL, DOCMD_NOWAIT);
  }
  
  /*
   * Execute a global command of the form:
   *
   * g/pattern/X : execute X on all lines where pattern matches
   * v/pattern/X : execute X on all lines where pattern does not match
   *
   * where 'X' is an EX command
   *
   * The command character (as well as the trailing slash) is optional, and
   * is assumed to be 'p' if missing.
   *
   * This is implemented in two passes: first we scan the file for the pattern and
   * set a mark for each line that (not) matches. Secondly we execute the command
   * for each line that has a mark. This is required because after deleting
   * lines we do not know where to search for the next match.
   */
      void
  ex_global(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      linenr_T	lnum;		// line number according to old situation
      int		ndone = 0;
      int		type;		// first char of cmd: 'v' or 'g'
      char_u	*cmd;		// command argument
  
      char_u	delim;		// delimiter, normally '/'
      char_u	*pat;
      regmmatch_T	regmatch;
      int		match;
      int		which_pat;
  
      // When nesting the command works on one line.  This allows for
      // ":g/found/v/notfound/command".
      if (global_busy && (eap->line1 != 1
  				  || eap->line2 != curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count))
      {
  	// will increment global_busy to break out of the loop
  	emsg(_("E147: Cannot do :global recursive with a range"));
  	return;
      }
  
      if (eap->forceit)		    // ":global!" is like ":vglobal"
  	type = 'v';
      else
  	type = *eap->cmd;
      cmd = eap->arg;
      which_pat = RE_LAST;	    // default: use last used regexp
  
      /*
       * undocumented vi feature:
       *	"\/" and "\?": use previous search pattern.
       *		 "\&": use previous substitute pattern.
       */
      if (*cmd == '\\')
      {
  	++cmd;
  	if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"/?&", *cmd) == NULL)
  	{
  	    emsg(_(e_backslash));
  	    return;
  	}
  	if (*cmd == '&')
  	    which_pat = RE_SUBST;	// use previous substitute pattern
  	else
  	    which_pat = RE_SEARCH;	// use previous search pattern
  	++cmd;
  	pat = (char_u *)"";
      }
      else if (*cmd == NUL)
      {
  	emsg(_("E148: Regular expression missing from global"));
  	return;
      }
      else
      {
  	delim = *cmd;		// get the delimiter
  	if (delim)
  	    ++cmd;		// skip delimiter if there is one
  	pat = cmd;		// remember start of pattern
  	cmd = skip_regexp_ex(cmd, delim, p_magic, &eap->arg, NULL);
  	if (cmd[0] == delim)		    // end delimiter found
  	    *cmd++ = NUL;		    // replace it with a NUL
      }
  
      if (search_regcomp(pat, RE_BOTH, which_pat, SEARCH_HIS, &regmatch) == FAIL)
      {
  	emsg(_(e_invalid_command));
  	return;
      }
  
      if (global_busy)
      {
  	lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
  	match = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf, lnum,
  						       (colnr_T)0, NULL, NULL);
  	if ((type == 'g' && match) || (type == 'v' && !match))
  	    global_exe_one(cmd, lnum);
      }
      else
      {
  	/*
  	 * pass 1: set marks for each (not) matching line
  	 */
  	for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= eap->line2 && !got_int; ++lnum)
  	{
  	    // a match on this line?
  	    match = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf, lnum,
  						       (colnr_T)0, NULL, NULL);
  	    if ((type == 'g' && match) || (type == 'v' && !match))
  	    {
  		ml_setmarked(lnum);
  		ndone++;
  	    }
  	    line_breakcheck();
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * pass 2: execute the command for each line that has been marked
  	 */
  	if (got_int)
  	    msg(_(e_interr));
  	else if (ndone == 0)
  	{
  	    if (type == 'v')
  		smsg(_("Pattern found in every line: %s"), pat);
  	    else
  		smsg(_("Pattern not found: %s"), pat);
  	}
  	else
  	{
  #ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
  	    start_global_changes();
  #endif
  	    global_exe(cmd);
  #ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
  	    end_global_changes();
  #endif
  	}
  
  	ml_clearmarked();	   // clear rest of the marks
      }
  
      vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
  }
  
  /*
   * Execute "cmd" on lines marked with ml_setmarked().
   */
      void
  global_exe(char_u *cmd)
  {
      linenr_T old_lcount;	// b_ml.ml_line_count before the command
      buf_T    *old_buf = curbuf;	// remember what buffer we started in
      linenr_T lnum;		// line number according to old situation
  
      /*
       * Set current position only once for a global command.
       * If global_busy is set, setpcmark() will not do anything.
       * If there is an error, global_busy will be incremented.
       */
      setpcmark();
  
      // When the command writes a message, don't overwrite the command.
      msg_didout = TRUE;
  
      sub_nsubs = 0;
      sub_nlines = 0;
      global_need_beginline = FALSE;
      global_busy = 1;
      old_lcount = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
      while (!got_int && (lnum = ml_firstmarked()) != 0 && global_busy == 1)
      {
  	global_exe_one(cmd, lnum);
  	ui_breakcheck();
      }
  
      global_busy = 0;
      if (global_need_beginline)
  	beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
      else
  	check_cursor();	// cursor may be beyond the end of the line
  
      // the cursor may not have moved in the text but a change in a previous
      // line may move it on the screen
      changed_line_abv_curs();
  
      // If it looks like no message was written, allow overwriting the
      // command with the report for number of changes.
      if (msg_col == 0 && msg_scrolled == 0)
  	msg_didout = FALSE;
  
      // If substitutes done, report number of substitutes, otherwise report
      // number of extra or deleted lines.
      // Don't report extra or deleted lines in the edge case where the buffer
      // we are in after execution is different from the buffer we started in.
      if (!do_sub_msg(FALSE) && curbuf == old_buf)
  	msgmore(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - old_lcount);
  }
  
  #ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
  /*
   * Get the previous substitute pattern.
   */
      char_u *
  get_old_sub(void)
  {
      return old_sub;
  }
  
  /*
   * Set the previous substitute pattern.  "val" must be allocated.
   */
      void
  set_old_sub(char_u *val)
  {
      vim_free(old_sub);
      old_sub = val;
  }
  #endif // FEAT_VIMINFO
  
  #if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
      void
  free_old_sub(void)
  {
      vim_free(old_sub);
  }
  #endif
  
  #if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX) || defined(PROTO)
  /*
   * Set up for a tagpreview.
   * Makes the preview window the current window.
   * Return TRUE when it was created.
   */
      int
  prepare_tagpreview(
      int		undo_sync,	    // sync undo when leaving the window
      int		use_previewpopup,   // use popup if 'previewpopup' set
      use_popup_T	use_popup)	    // use other popup window
  {
      win_T	*wp;
  
  # ifdef FEAT_GUI
      need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
  # endif
  
      /*
       * If there is already a preview window open, use that one.
       */
      if (!curwin->w_p_pvw)
      {
  # ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  	if (use_previewpopup && *p_pvp != NUL)
  	{
  	    wp = popup_find_preview_window();
  	    if (wp != NULL)
  		popup_set_wantpos_cursor(wp, wp->w_minwidth, NULL);
  	}
  	else if (use_popup != USEPOPUP_NONE)
  	{
  	    wp = popup_find_info_window();
  	    if (wp != NULL)
  	    {
  		if (use_popup == USEPOPUP_NORMAL)
  		    popup_show(wp);
  		else
  		    popup_hide(wp);
  		// When the popup moves or resizes it may reveal part of
  		// another window.  TODO: can this be done more efficiently?
  		redraw_all_later(NOT_VALID);
  	    }
  	}
  	else
  # endif
  	{
  	    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
  		if (wp->w_p_pvw)
  		    break;
  	}
  	if (wp != NULL)
  	    win_enter(wp, undo_sync);
  	else
  	{
  	    /*
  	     * There is no preview window open yet.  Create one.
  	     */
  # ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
  	    if ((use_previewpopup && *p_pvp != NUL)
  						 || use_popup != USEPOPUP_NONE)
  		return popup_create_preview_window(use_popup != USEPOPUP_NONE);
  # endif
  	    if (win_split(g_do_tagpreview > 0 ? g_do_tagpreview : 0, 0) == FAIL)
  		return FALSE;
  	    curwin->w_p_pvw = TRUE;
  	    curwin->w_p_wfh = TRUE;
  	    RESET_BINDING(curwin);	    // don't take over 'scrollbind'
  	    // and 'cursorbind'
  # ifdef FEAT_DIFF
  	    curwin->w_p_diff = FALSE;	    // no 'diff'
  # endif
  # ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
  	    curwin->w_p_fdc = 0;	    // no 'foldcolumn'
  # endif
  	    return TRUE;
  	}
      }
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  #endif
  
  /*
   * Make the user happy.
   */
      void
  ex_smile(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
  {
      static char *code[] = {
  	"\34 \4o\14$\4ox\30 \2o\30$\1ox\25 \2o\36$\1o\11 \1o\1$\3 \2$\1 \1o\1$x\5 \1o\1 \1$\1 \2o\10 \1o\44$\1o\7 \2$\1 \2$\1 \2$\1o\1$x\2 \2o\1 \1$\1 \1$\1 \1\"\1$\6 \1o\11$\4 \15$\4 \11$\1o\7 \3$\1o\2$\1o\1$x\2 \1\"\6$\1o\1$\5 \1o\11$\6 \13$\6 \12$\1o\4 \10$x\4 \7$\4 \13$\6 \13$\6 \27$x\4 \27$\4 \15$\4 \16$\2 \3\"\3$x\5 \1\"\3$\4\"\61$\5 \1\"\3$x\6 \3$\3 \1o\62$\5 \1\"\3$\1ox\5 \1o\2$\1\"\3 \63$\7 \3$\1ox\5 \3$\4 \55$\1\"\1 \1\"\6$",
  	"\5o\4$\1ox\4 \1o\3$\4o\5$\2 \45$\3 \1o\21$x\4 \10$\1\"\4$\3 \42$\5 \4$\10\"x\3 \4\"\7 \4$\4 \1\"\34$\1\"\6 \1o\3$x\16 \1\"\3$\1o\5 \3\"\22$\1\"\2$\1\"\11 \3$x\20 \3$\1o\12 \1\"\2$\2\"\6$\4\"\13 \1o\3$x\21 \4$\1o\40 \1o\3$\1\"x\22 \1\"\4$\1o\6 \1o\6$\1o\1\"\4$\1o\10 \1o\4$x\24 \1\"\5$\2o\5 \2\"\4$\1o\5$\1o\3 \1o\4$\2\"x\27 \2\"\5$\4o\2 \1\"\3$\1o\11$\3\"x\32 \2\"\7$\2o\1 \12$x\42 \4\"\13$x\46 \14$x\47 \12$\1\"x\50 \1\"\3$\4\"x"
      };
      char *p;
      int n;
      int i;
  
      msg_start();
      msg_putchar('\n');
      for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
  	for (p = code[i]; *p != NUL; ++p)
  	    if (*p == 'x')
  		msg_putchar('\n');
  	    else
  		for (n = *p++; n > 0; --n)
  		    if (*p == 'o' || *p == '$')
  			msg_putchar_attr(*p, HL_ATTR(HLF_L));
  		    else
  			msg_putchar(*p);
      msg_clr_eos();
  }
  
  /*
   * ":drop"
   * Opens the first argument in a window.  When there are two or more arguments
   * the argument list is redefined.
   */
      void
  ex_drop(exarg_T *eap)
  {
      int		split = FALSE;
      win_T	*wp;
      buf_T	*buf;
      tabpage_T	*tp;
  
      if (ERROR_IF_POPUP_WINDOW || ERROR_IF_TERM_POPUP_WINDOW)
  	return;
  
      /*
       * Check if the first argument is already being edited in a window.  If
       * so, jump to that window.
       * We would actually need to check all arguments, but that's complicated
       * and mostly only one file is dropped.
       * This also ignores wildcards, since it is very unlikely the user is
       * editing a file name with a wildcard character.
       */
      set_arglist(eap->arg);
  
      /*
       * Expanding wildcards may result in an empty argument list.  E.g. when
       * editing "foo.pyc" and ".pyc" is in 'wildignore'.  Assume that we
       * already did an error message for this.
       */
      if (ARGCOUNT == 0)
  	return;
  
      if (cmdmod.cmod_tab)
      {
  	// ":tab drop file ...": open a tab for each argument that isn't
  	// edited in a window yet.  It's like ":tab all" but without closing
  	// windows or tabs.
  	ex_all(eap);
      }
      else
      {
  	// ":drop file ...": Edit the first argument.  Jump to an existing
  	// window if possible, edit in current window if the current buffer
  	// can be abandoned, otherwise open a new window.
  	buf = buflist_findnr(ARGLIST[0].ae_fnum);
  
  	FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, wp)
  	{
  	    if (wp->w_buffer == buf)
  	    {
  		goto_tabpage_win(tp, wp);
  		curwin->w_arg_idx = 0;
  		return;
  	    }
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Check whether the current buffer is changed. If so, we will need
  	 * to split the current window or data could be lost.
  	 * Skip the check if the 'hidden' option is set, as in this case the
  	 * buffer won't be lost.
  	 */
  	if (!buf_hide(curbuf))
  	{
  	    ++emsg_off;
  	    split = check_changed(curbuf, CCGD_AW | CCGD_EXCMD);
  	    --emsg_off;
  	}
  
  	// Fake a ":sfirst" or ":first" command edit the first argument.
  	if (split)
  	{
  	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_sfirst;
  	    eap->cmd[0] = 's';
  	}
  	else
  	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_first;
  	ex_rewind(eap);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Skip over the pattern argument of ":vimgrep /pat/[g][j]".
   * Put the start of the pattern in "*s", unless "s" is NULL.
   * If "flags" is not NULL put the flags in it: VGR_GLOBAL, VGR_NOJUMP.
   * If "s" is not NULL terminate the pattern with a NUL.
   * Return a pointer to the char just past the pattern plus flags.
   */
      char_u *
  skip_vimgrep_pat(char_u *p, char_u **s, int *flags)
  {
      int		c;
  
      if (vim_isIDc(*p))
      {
  	// ":vimgrep pattern fname"
  	if (s != NULL)
  	    *s = p;
  	p = skiptowhite(p);
  	if (s != NULL && *p != NUL)
  	    *p++ = NUL;
      }
      else
      {
  	// ":vimgrep /pattern/[g][j] fname"
  	if (s != NULL)
  	    *s = p + 1;
  	c = *p;
  	p = skip_regexp(p + 1, c, TRUE);
  	if (*p != c)
  	    return NULL;
  
  	// Truncate the pattern.
  	if (s != NULL)
  	    *p = NUL;
  	++p;
  
  	// Find the flags
  	while (*p == 'g' || *p == 'j')
  	{
  	    if (flags != NULL)
  	    {
  		if (*p == 'g')
  		    *flags |= VGR_GLOBAL;
  		else
  		    *flags |= VGR_NOJUMP;
  	    }
  	    ++p;
  	}
      }
      return p;
  }
  
  #if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
  /*
   * List v:oldfiles in a nice way.
   */
      void
  ex_oldfiles(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
  {
      list_T	*l = get_vim_var_list(VV_OLDFILES);
      listitem_T	*li;
      int		nr = 0;
      char_u	*fname;
  
      if (l == NULL)
  	msg(_("No old files"));
      else
      {
  	msg_start();
  	msg_scroll = TRUE;
  	for (li = l->lv_first; li != NULL && !got_int; li = li->li_next)
  	{
  	    ++nr;
  	    fname = tv_get_string(&li->li_tv);
  	    if (!message_filtered(fname))
  	    {
  		msg_outnum((long)nr);
  		msg_puts(": ");
  		msg_outtrans(fname);
  		msg_clr_eos();
  		msg_putchar('\n');
  		out_flush();	    // output one line at a time
  		ui_breakcheck();
  	    }
  	}
  
  	// Assume "got_int" was set to truncate the listing.
  	got_int = FALSE;
  
  # ifdef FEAT_BROWSE_CMD
  	if (cmdmod.cmod_flags & CMOD_BROWSE)
  	{
  	    quit_more = FALSE;
  	    nr = prompt_for_number(FALSE);
  	    msg_starthere();
  	    if (nr > 0)
  	    {
  		char_u *p = list_find_str(get_vim_var_list(VV_OLDFILES),
  								    (long)nr);
  
  		if (p != NULL)
  		{
  		    p = expand_env_save(p);
  		    eap->arg = p;
  		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_edit;
  		    cmdmod.cmod_flags &= ~CMOD_BROWSE;
  		    do_exedit(eap, NULL);
  		    vim_free(p);
  		}
  	    }
  	}
  # endif
      }
  }
  #endif
  