text: /* Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
  
  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  
      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  
  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
  ==============================================================================*/
  
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_scheduling.h"
  
  #include <memory>
  #include <string>
  
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/heap_simulator.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_dce.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_opcode.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_ordering.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_parser.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/shape_util.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/tests/hlo_test_base.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/types.h"
  #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/xla_data.pb.h"
  #include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/status_test_util.h"
  
  namespace xla {
  namespace {
  
  class HloSchedulingTest : public HloTestBase {};
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, LastUseScheduledFirst) {
    // Tests scheduling of the following HLO code:
    //
    //   %ab = abs(%param)
    //   %exp = exp(%param)
    //   %add = add(%ab, %exp)
    //   %negate = negate(%exp)
    //   %sub = subtract(%add, %negate)
    //
    // %add should be scheduled before %negate because %add is the last (and only)
    // use of %ab. Scheduling %add first then frees up %ab's buffer.
    const Shape vec = ShapeUtil::MakeShape(xla::F32, {42});
    auto builder = HloComputation::Builder(TestName());
    auto param =
        builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateParameter(0, vec, "param"));
    auto ab = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(vec, HloOpcode::kAbs, param));
    auto exp = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(vec, HloOpcode::kExp, param));
  
    auto add = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(vec, HloOpcode::kAdd, ab, exp));
    auto negate = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(vec, HloOpcode::kNegate, exp));
    auto sub = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(vec, HloOpcode::kSubtract, add, negate));
  
    auto module = CreateNewModule();
    module->AddEntryComputation(builder.Build());
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
          return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
        }));
    // Verify that all instructions are in the sequence.
    EXPECT_EQ(module->entry_computation()->instruction_count(),
              sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).size());
  
    // The first instruction should be the parameter and the last the root "sub".
    EXPECT_EQ(param, sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).front());
    EXPECT_EQ(sub, sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).back());
  
    SequentialHloOrdering ordering(module.get(), sequence);
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(add, negate));
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, ListSchedulerHandlesAliasing) {
    const char* module_str = R"(
  HloModule test_aliasing_module
  
  ENTRY root {
    param = s32[1000] parameter(0)
    p0 = s32[1000] copy(param)
    p1 = s32[1000] copy(param)
    t = (s32[1000], s32[1000]) tuple(p0, p1)
    a = s32[1000] get-tuple-element(t), index=0
    b = s32[1000] get-tuple-element(t), index=1
    c = s32[1000] add(a, b)
    d = s32[1000] add(c, b)
    e = s32[1000] add(c, c)
    f = s32[1000] add(e, e)
    ROOT result = (s32[1000], s32[1000], s32[1000]) tuple(d, e, f)
  })";
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
                            ParseHloString(module_str));
  
    auto size_fn = [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
      return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape(), /*pointer_size=*/8);
    };
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, size_fn, ListMemoryScheduler));
    // Verify that all instructions are in the sequence.
    EXPECT_EQ(module->entry_computation()->instruction_count(),
              sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).size());
  
    std::unordered_map<string, const HloInstruction*> instructions_by_name;
    for (const HloInstruction* instruction :
         sequence.at(module->entry_computation())) {
      instructions_by_name[instruction->name()] = instruction;
    }
  
    // The first instruction should be the parameter and the last the root.
    EXPECT_EQ(instructions_by_name.at("param"),
              sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).front());
    EXPECT_EQ(instructions_by_name.at("result"),
              sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).back());
  
    // Instructions "d" and "e" will both be schedulable at the same time, but
    // instruction "d" allows us to free the buffer of "p1", so the list scheduler
    // should prefer it.
    SequentialHloOrdering ordering(module.get(), sequence);
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(instructions_by_name.at("d"),
                                        instructions_by_name.at("e")));
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, ListAccountsForSubcomputations) {
    // %WhileCond (cond_param: f32[4]) -> pred[] {
    //   %cond_param = f32[4]{0} parameter(0)
    //   %constant = f32[1,4]{1,0} constant(f32[1,4] { { 0, 0, 0, 0 } })
    //   ROOT %not-equal-to = pred[] not-equal-to(
    //     f32[4]{0} %cond_param, f32[1,4]{1,0} %constant)
    // }
    // %WhileBody (body_param: f32[4]) -> f32[4] {
    //   %body_param = f32[4]{0} parameter(0)
    //   %constant.1 = f32[1,4]{1,0} constant(f32[1,4] { { 1, 1, 1, 1 } })
    //   ROOT %subtract = f32[4]{0} subtract(
    //     f32[4]{0} %body_param, f32[1,4]{1,0} %constant.1)
    // }
    // %ListAccountsForSubcomputations () -> f32[2,4] {
    //   %constant.3 = f32[2,4]{1,0} constant(
    //     f32[2,4] { { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, { 1, 2, 3, 4 } })
    //   %transpose = f32[2,4]{1,0} transpose(
    //     f32[2,4]{1,0} %constant.3), dimensions={0,1}
    //   %constant.2 = f32[1,4]{1,0} constant(f32[1,4] { { 1, 1, 1, 1 } })
    //   %while = f32[4]{0} while(f32[1,4]{1,0} %constant.2),
    //      condition=%WhileCond,
    //      body=%WhileBody
    //   %broadcast = f32[2,4]{1,0} broadcast(f32[4]{0} %while), dimensions={0}
    //   ROOT %add = f32[2,4]{1,0} add(
    //     f32[2,4]{1,0} %transpose, f32[2,4]{1,0} %broadcast)
    // }
  
    auto module = CreateNewModule();
    const Shape r1f32 = ShapeUtil::MakeShape(F32, {4});
    const Shape r2f32 = ShapeUtil::MakeShape(F32, {2, 4});
  
    // param != 0
    // Needs 17 bytes
    auto cond_builder = HloComputation::Builder("WhileCond");
    HloInstruction* cond_param = cond_builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateParameter(0, r1f32, "cond_param"));
    HloInstruction* zero_vector =
        cond_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
            LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>({{0, 0, 0, 0}})));
    cond_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateBinary(
        ShapeUtil::MakeShape(PRED, {}), HloOpcode::kNe, cond_param, zero_vector));
    auto cond_computation = module->AddEmbeddedComputation(cond_builder.Build());
  
    // param - 1
    // Needs 16 bytes
    auto body_builder = HloComputation::Builder("WhileBody");
    HloInstruction* body_param = body_builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateParameter(0, r1f32, "body_param"));
    HloInstruction* one_vector =
        body_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
            LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>({{1, 1, 1, 1}})));
    body_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateBinary(
        r1f32, HloOpcode::kSubtract, body_param, one_vector));
    auto body_computation = module->AddEmbeddedComputation(body_builder.Build());
  
    // transpose(matrix) + bcast(while)
    auto builder = HloComputation::Builder(TestName());
    HloInstruction* while_init =
        builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
            LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>({{1, 1, 1, 1}})));
    // Creates 16 bytes, ignoring subcomputations
    HloInstruction* while_loop =
        builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateWhile(
            r1f32, cond_computation, body_computation, while_init));
  
    // Creates 32 bytes and frees 16
    HloInstruction* bcast = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBroadcast(r2f32, while_loop, {0}));
  
    HloInstruction* matrix = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateConstant(LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>(
            {{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}, {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}})));
    // Creates 32 bytes
    HloInstruction* transpose = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateTranspose(r2f32, matrix, {0, 1}));
  
    // Creates 32 bytes and frees 64
    HloInstruction* add = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(r2f32, HloOpcode::kAdd, transpose, bcast));
  
    module->AddEntryComputation(builder.Build());
  
    auto size_fn = [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
      return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
    };
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, size_fn, ListMemoryScheduler));
    // Verify that all instructions are in the sequence.
    auto entry_computation = module->entry_computation();
    EXPECT_EQ(entry_computation->instruction_count(),
              sequence.at(entry_computation).size());
    SequentialHloOrdering ordering(module.get(), sequence);
    // This schedule is an example of List's greedy heuristics being suboptimal.
    // The while_loop is more expensive than transpose, so it would have been
    // better to schedule it first, instead of during the busy time.
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(transpose, while_loop));
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(transpose, bcast));
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(bcast, add));
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(transpose, add));
  
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, int64> memory_by_computation;
    memory_by_computation[cond_computation] = 17;
    memory_by_computation[body_computation] = 16;
    std::unique_ptr<TuplePointsToAnalysis> points_to_analysis =
        TuplePointsToAnalysis::Run(module.get()).ValueOrDie();
  
    // HeapSimulator doesn't account for subcomputations
    EXPECT_EQ(80, HeapSimulator::MinimumMemoryForComputation(
                      *entry_computation, sequence.at(entry_computation),
                      *points_to_analysis, size_fn)
                      .ValueOrDie());
    // HeapSimulator accounts for subcomputations. The output buffer is aliased,
    // so we don't double count.
    EXPECT_EQ(64, HeapSimulator::MinimumMemoryForComputation(
                      *entry_computation, sequence.at(entry_computation),
                      *points_to_analysis, size_fn, &memory_by_computation)
                      .ValueOrDie());
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, TuplesAreAccountedCorrectly) {
    auto builder = HloComputation::Builder(TestName());
    const auto TUPLE_SIZE = 1;
    const Shape r1f32 = ShapeUtil::MakeShape(xla::F32, {6});
  
    // Wrap lit in abs because constants are considered free by
    // IgnoreInstruction, and it skews the accounting.
    auto lit = builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
        LiteralUtil::CreateR1<float>({1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1})));
    auto abs_const = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kAbs, lit));
  
    auto abs_abs1 = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kAbs, abs_const));
    auto tuple = builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateTuple(
        tensorflow::gtl::ArraySlice<HloInstruction*>({abs_abs1})));
    auto tuple_elm = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateGetTupleElement(r1f32, tuple, 0));
  
    auto abs_abs2 = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kAbs, abs_const));
  
    builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateBinary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kAdd,
                                                        tuple_elm, abs_abs2));
  
    auto module = CreateNewModule();
    module->AddEntryComputation(builder.Build());
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module,
                                     [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
                                       return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(
                                           buffer.shape(), TUPLE_SIZE);
                                     },
                                     ListMemoryScheduler));
  
    // Verify that all instructions are in the sequence.
    EXPECT_EQ(module->entry_computation()->instruction_count(),
              sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).size());
    SequentialHloOrdering ordering(module.get(), sequence);
    // tuple allocates the tuple buffer and doesn't free anything.
    // abs_abs2 uses the same buffer for input/output, so its bytes-freed is 0.
    // abs_abs2 should be scheduled before tuple by List.
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(abs_abs2, tuple));
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, MultiOutputFusionAccountedCorrectly) {
    const Shape r1f32 = ShapeUtil::MakeShape(xla::F32, {5});
    HloComputation::Builder builder(TestName());
  
    auto c1 = builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
        LiteralUtil::CreateR1<float>({1, 1, 1, 1, 1})));
    auto c2 = builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
        LiteralUtil::CreateR1<float>({1, 2, 3, 4, 5})));
    auto c3 = builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
        LiteralUtil::CreateR1<float>({0, 2, 4, 6, 8})));
  
    auto add = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kAdd, c1, c2));
    auto mul = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kMultiply, add, c3));
    auto tuple = builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateTuple({add, mul}));
  
    auto tuple_elm = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateGetTupleElement(r1f32, tuple, 0));
  
    auto exp = builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kExp, c3));
  
    builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(r1f32, HloOpcode::kAdd, tuple_elm, exp));
  
    auto module = CreateNewModule();
    auto* computation = module->AddEntryComputation(builder.Build());
  
    auto fusion = computation->CreateFusionInstruction(
        {tuple, mul, add}, HloInstruction::FusionKind::kLoop);
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
                            ScheduleComputationsInModule(
                                *module,
                                [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
                                  return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape(), 2);
                                },
                                ListMemoryScheduler));
  
    // Verify that all instructions are in the sequence.
    EXPECT_EQ(module->entry_computation()->instruction_count(),
              sequence.at(module->entry_computation()).size());
    SequentialHloOrdering ordering(module.get(), sequence);
    // fusion allocates memory for the tuple elements and doesn't free anything,
    // so it's more expensive than exp.
    EXPECT_TRUE(ordering.ExecutesBefore(exp, fusion));
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, HeapSimulatorAccountsForSubcomputations) {
    auto module = CreateNewModule();
    const Shape r1f32 = ShapeUtil::MakeShape(F32, {4});
  
    // param != 0
    // Needs 17 bytes
    auto cond_builder = HloComputation::Builder("WhileCond");
    HloInstruction* cond_param = cond_builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateParameter(0, r1f32, "cond_param"));
    HloInstruction* zero_vector =
        cond_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
            LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>({{0, 0, 0, 0}})));
    cond_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateBinary(
        ShapeUtil::MakeShape(PRED, {}), HloOpcode::kNe, cond_param, zero_vector));
    auto cond_computation = module->AddEmbeddedComputation(cond_builder.Build());
  
    // param - 1
    // Needs 16 bytes
    auto body_builder = HloComputation::Builder("WhileBody");
    HloInstruction* body_param = body_builder.AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateParameter(0, r1f32, "body_param"));
    HloInstruction* one_vector =
        body_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
            LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>({{1, 1, 1, 1}})));
    body_builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateBinary(
        r1f32, HloOpcode::kSubtract, body_param, one_vector));
    auto body_computation = module->AddEmbeddedComputation(body_builder.Build());
  
    auto builder = HloComputation::Builder(TestName());
    HloInstruction* while_init =
        builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateConstant(
            LiteralUtil::CreateR2<float>({{1, 1, 1, 1}})));
    // Creates 16 bytes, ignoring subcomputations
    builder.AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateWhile(
        r1f32, cond_computation, body_computation, while_init));
  
    module->AddEntryComputation(builder.Build());
  
    auto size_fn = [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
      return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
    };
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, size_fn, ListMemoryScheduler));
    // Verify that all instructions are in the sequence.
    auto entry_computation = module->entry_computation();
    EXPECT_EQ(entry_computation->instruction_count(),
              sequence.at(entry_computation).size());
  
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, int64> memory_by_computation;
    memory_by_computation[cond_computation] = 17;
    memory_by_computation[body_computation] = 16;
    std::unique_ptr<TuplePointsToAnalysis> points_to_analysis =
        TuplePointsToAnalysis::Run(module.get()).ValueOrDie();
  
    // HeapSimulator doesn't account for subcomputations
    EXPECT_EQ(16, HeapSimulator::MinimumMemoryForComputation(
                      *entry_computation, sequence.at(entry_computation),
                      *points_to_analysis, size_fn)
                      .ValueOrDie());
    // HeapSimulator accounts for subcomputations. Cond is the largest one.
    // The output buffer of the while is aliased.
    EXPECT_EQ(17, HeapSimulator::MinimumMemoryForComputation(
                      *entry_computation, sequence.at(entry_computation),
                      *points_to_analysis, size_fn, &memory_by_computation)
                      .ValueOrDie());
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, UpdateScheduleUnchangedModule) {
    // Updating the schedule of an unchanged HLO module should not affect the
    // schedule at all.
    const string module_str = R"(
  HloModule UpdateScheduleUnchanged
  
  ENTRY main {
    a = f32[] parameter(0)
    b = f32[] parameter(1)
    c = f32[] constant(42.0)
    sum = f32[] add(a, b)
    neg = f32[] negate(c)
    ROOT root = f32[] multiply(sum, neg)
  }
  )";
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
                            ParseHloString(module_str));
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
          return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
        }));
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, std::vector<int>>
        id_sequence = ComputeIdSchedule(sequence);
    std::vector<const HloInstruction*> entry_schedule = sequence.begin()->second;
  
    EXPECT_EQ(entry_schedule.size(), 6);
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK(UpdateSchedule(*module, id_sequence, &sequence));
    TF_ASSERT_OK(VerifySchedule(*module, sequence));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(entry_schedule, sequence.begin()->second);
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, UpdateScheduleWithNewInstructions) {
    // Add some additional instructions to a module and verify the schedule can be
    // updated.
    const string module_str = R"(
  HloModule UpdateScheduleWithNewInstructions
  
  ENTRY main {
    a = f32[] parameter(0)
    b = f32[] parameter(1)
    c = f32[] constant(42.0)
    sum = f32[] add(a, b)
    neg = f32[] negate(c)
    ROOT root = f32[] multiply(sum, neg)
  }
  )";
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
                            ParseHloString(module_str));
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
          return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
        }));
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, std::vector<int>>
        id_sequence = ComputeIdSchedule(sequence);
  
    HloComputation* entry = module->entry_computation();
    const Shape shape = entry->root_instruction()->shape();
    HloInstruction* constant = entry->AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateConstant(LiteralUtil::CreateR0<float>(42.0)));
    HloInstruction* sub = entry->AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateBinary(
        shape, HloOpcode::kSubtract, constant, entry->root_instruction()));
    entry->set_root_instruction(sub);
  
    auto in_schedule = [&](const HloInstruction* hlo) {
      return std::find(sequence.at(entry).begin(), sequence.at(entry).end(),
                       hlo) != sequence.at(entry).end();
    };
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(entry).size(), 6);
    EXPECT_FALSE(in_schedule(constant));
    EXPECT_FALSE(in_schedule(sub));
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK(UpdateSchedule(*module, id_sequence, &sequence));
    TF_ASSERT_OK(VerifySchedule(*module, sequence));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(entry).size(), 8);
    EXPECT_TRUE(in_schedule(constant));
    EXPECT_TRUE(in_schedule(sub));
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, UpdateScheduleWithAddedAndDeletedInstruction) {
    // Add and delete some instructions from a module and verify that the schedule
    // can be updated successfully.
    const string module_str = R"(
  HloModule UpdateScheduleWithAddedAndDeletedInstruction
  
  ENTRY main {
    a = f32[] parameter(0)
    b = f32[] parameter(1)
    c = f32[] constant(42.0)
    sum = f32[] add(a, b)
    neg = f32[] negate(c)
    ROOT root = f32[] multiply(sum, neg)
  }
  )";
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
                            ParseHloString(module_str));
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
          return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
        }));
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, std::vector<int>>
        id_sequence = ComputeIdSchedule(sequence);
  
    // Set the entry root to some expression containing just a parameter and a
    // constant.
    HloComputation* entry = module->entry_computation();
    HloInstruction* constant = entry->AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateConstant(LiteralUtil::CreateR0<float>(42.0)));
    HloInstruction* new_root = entry->AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateBinary(constant->shape(), HloOpcode::kSubtract,
                                     constant, entry->parameter_instruction(0)));
    entry->set_root_instruction(new_root);
  
    // DCE should remove everything but the parameters and the newly added code.
    HloDCE dce;
    TF_ASSERT_OK(dce.Run(module.get()).status());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(entry).size(), 6);
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK(UpdateSchedule(*module, id_sequence, &sequence));
    TF_ASSERT_OK(VerifySchedule(*module, sequence));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(entry).size(), 4);
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, UpdateScheduleWithCompletelyReplacedModule) {
    // Completely replace a module with an entirely new set of instructions and
    // verify that the schedule can be updated successfully.
    const string module_str = R"(
  HloModule UpdateScheduleWithCompletelyReplacedModule
  
  ENTRY main {
    a = f32[] constant(42.0)
    b = f32[] constant(123.0)
    ROOT sum = f32[] add(a, b)
  }
  )";
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
                            ParseHloString(module_str));
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
          return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
        }));
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, std::vector<int>>
        id_sequence = ComputeIdSchedule(sequence);
  
    // Replace the entry computation with the negation of a constant.
    HloComputation* entry = module->entry_computation();
    HloInstruction* constant = entry->AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateConstant(LiteralUtil::CreateR0<float>(1.0)));
    HloInstruction* new_root = entry->AddInstruction(HloInstruction::CreateUnary(
        constant->shape(), HloOpcode::kNegate, constant));
    entry->set_root_instruction(new_root);
  
    // DCE the old instructions.
    HloDCE dce;
    TF_ASSERT_OK(dce.Run(module.get()).status());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(entry).size(), 3);
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK(UpdateSchedule(*module, id_sequence, &sequence));
    TF_ASSERT_OK(VerifySchedule(*module, sequence));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(entry).size(), 2);
  }
  
  TEST_F(HloSchedulingTest, UpdateScheduleWithMultipleComputations) {
    // Create changes to more than one computation in an HLO module and verify
    // that the schedule can be updated.
    const string module_str = R"(
  HloModule UpdateScheduleWithMultipleComputations
  
  %Body (param.1: (s32[], token[])) -> (s32[], token[]) {
    %param.1 = (s32[], token[]) parameter(0)
    %get-tuple-element.1 = s32[] get-tuple-element((s32[], token[]) %param.1), index=0
    %constant.1 = s32[] constant(1)
    %add = s32[] add(s32[] %get-tuple-element.1, s32[] %constant.1)
    %get-tuple-element.2 = token[] get-tuple-element((s32[], token[]) %param.1), index=1
    %after-all = token[] after-all(token[] %get-tuple-element.2)
    ROOT %tuple = (s32[], token[]) tuple(s32[] %add, token[] %after-all)
  }
  
  %Cond (param: (s32[], token[])) -> pred[] {
    %param = (s32[], token[]) parameter(0)
    %get-tuple-element = s32[] get-tuple-element((s32[], token[]) %param), index=0
    %constant = s32[] constant(42)
    ROOT %less-than = pred[] less-than(s32[] %get-tuple-element, s32[] %constant)
  }
  
  ENTRY %WhileLoop () -> s32[] {
    %zero = s32[] constant(0)
    %init_token = token[] after-all()
    %init_tuple = (s32[], token[]) tuple(s32[] %zero, token[] %init_token)
    %while = (s32[], token[]) while((s32[], token[]) %init_tuple), condition=%Cond, body=%Body
    ROOT %root = s32[] get-tuple-element((s32[], token[]) %while), index=0
  }
  )";
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
                            ParseHloString(module_str));
    TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
        SequentialHloOrdering::HloModuleSequence sequence,
        ScheduleComputationsInModule(*module, [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
          return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape(),
                                       /*pointer_size=*/sizeof(void*));
        }));
    tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<const HloComputation*, std::vector<int>>
        id_sequence = ComputeIdSchedule(sequence);
  
    const HloInstruction* xla_while =
        module->entry_computation()->root_instruction()->operand(0);
    HloComputation* body = xla_while->while_body();
    HloComputation* cond = xla_while->while_condition();
  
    // Negate the root of the cond.
    cond->set_root_instruction(cond->AddInstruction(
        HloInstruction::CreateUnary(ShapeUtil::MakeShape(PRED, {}),
                                    HloOpcode::kNot, cond->root_instruction())));
  
    // Replace the body with a computation which just passes through its
    // parameter.
    body->set_root_instruction(body->parameter_instruction(0));
  
    // DCE the dead code in the body.
    HloDCE dce;
    TF_ASSERT_OK(dce.Run(module.get()).status());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(body).size(), 7);
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(cond).size(), 4);
  
    TF_ASSERT_OK(UpdateSchedule(*module, id_sequence, &sequence));
    TF_ASSERT_OK(VerifySchedule(*module, sequence));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(body).size(), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(sequence.at(cond).size(), 5);
  }
  
  }  // namespace
  }  // namespace xla
  