text: /* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
   * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
   * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
   * Copyright (c) 2007-2019, The Tor Project, Inc. */
  /* See LICENSE for licensing information */
  
  /**
   * \file main.c
   * \brief Invocation module.  Initializes subsystems and runs the main loop.
   **/
  
  #include "core/or/or.h"
  
  #include "app/config/config.h"
  #include "app/config/statefile.h"
  #include "app/main/main.h"
  #include "app/main/ntmain.h"
  #include "core/mainloop/connection.h"
  #include "core/mainloop/cpuworker.h"
  #include "core/mainloop/mainloop.h"
  #include "core/mainloop/netstatus.h"
  #include "core/or/channel.h"
  #include "core/or/channelpadding.h"
  #include "core/or/channeltls.h"
  #include "core/or/circuitlist.h"
  #include "core/or/circuitmux_ewma.h"
  #include "core/or/command.h"
  #include "core/or/connection_edge.h"
  #include "core/or/connection_or.h"
  #include "core/or/dos.h"
  #include "core/or/policies.h"
  #include "core/or/protover.h"
  #include "core/or/relay.h"
  #include "core/or/scheduler.h"
  #include "core/or/status.h"
  #include "feature/api/tor_api.h"
  #include "feature/api/tor_api_internal.h"
  #include "feature/client/addressmap.h"
  #include "feature/client/bridges.h"
  #include "feature/client/entrynodes.h"
  #include "feature/client/transports.h"
  #include "feature/control/control.h"
  #include "feature/dirauth/bwauth.h"
  #include "feature/dirauth/keypin.h"
  #include "feature/dirauth/process_descs.h"
  #include "feature/dircache/consdiffmgr.h"
  #include "feature/dircache/dirserv.h"
  #include "feature/dirparse/routerparse.h"
  #include "feature/hibernate/hibernate.h"
  #include "feature/hs/hs_cache.h"
  #include "feature/nodelist/authcert.h"
  #include "feature/nodelist/microdesc.h"
  #include "feature/nodelist/networkstatus.h"
  #include "feature/nodelist/nodelist.h"
  #include "feature/nodelist/routerlist.h"
  #include "feature/relay/dns.h"
  #include "feature/relay/ext_orport.h"
  #include "feature/relay/onion_queue.h"
  #include "feature/relay/routerkeys.h"
  #include "feature/relay/routermode.h"
  #include "feature/rend/rendcache.h"
  #include "feature/rend/rendclient.h"
  #include "feature/rend/rendservice.h"
  #include "feature/split/spliteval.h"
  #include "feature/split/demo.h"
  #include "feature/stats/geoip_stats.h"
  #include "feature/stats/predict_ports.h"
  #include "feature/stats/rephist.h"
  #include "lib/compress/compress.h"
  #include "lib/container/buffers.h"
  #include "lib/crypt_ops/crypto_rand.h"
  #include "lib/crypt_ops/crypto_s2k.h"
  #include "lib/err/backtrace.h"
  #include "lib/geoip/geoip.h"
  
  #include "lib/process/waitpid.h"
  
  #include "lib/meminfo/meminfo.h"
  #include "lib/osinfo/uname.h"
  #include "lib/sandbox/sandbox.h"
  #include "lib/fs/lockfile.h"
  #include "lib/net/resolve.h"
  #include "lib/tls/tortls.h"
  #include "lib/evloop/compat_libevent.h"
  #include "lib/encoding/confline.h"
  #include "lib/evloop/timers.h"
  #include "lib/crypt_ops/crypto_init.h"
  
  #include <event2/event.h>
  
  #include "feature/dirauth/dirvote.h"
  #include "feature/dirauth/authmode.h"
  #include "feature/dirauth/shared_random.h"
  
  #include "core/or/or_connection_st.h"
  #include "core/or/port_cfg_st.h"
  
  #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
  #include <unistd.h>
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
  #   if defined(__COVERITY__) && !defined(__INCLUDE_LEVEL__)
  /* Systemd's use of gcc's __INCLUDE_LEVEL__ extension macro appears to confuse
   * Coverity. Here's a kludge to unconfuse it.
   */
  #   define __INCLUDE_LEVEL__ 2
  #endif /* defined(__COVERITY__) && !defined(__INCLUDE_LEVEL__) */
  #include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
  #endif /* defined(HAVE_SYSTEMD) */
  
  void evdns_shutdown(int);
  
  #ifdef HAVE_RUST
  // helper function defined in Rust to output a log message indicating if tor is
  // running with Rust enabled. See src/rust/tor_util
  void rust_log_welcome_string(void);
  #endif
  
  /********* PROTOTYPES **********/
  
  static void dumpmemusage(int severity);
  static void dumpstats(int severity); /* log stats */
  static void process_signal(int sig);
  
  /********* START VARIABLES **********/
  
  /** Decides our behavior when no logs are configured/before any
   * logs have been configured.  For 0, we log notice to stdout as normal.
   * For 1, we log warnings only.  For 2, we log nothing.
   */
  int quiet_level = 0;
  
  /********* END VARIABLES ************/
  
  /** Called when we get a SIGHUP: reload configuration files and keys,
   * retry all connections, and so on. */
  static int
  do_hup(void)
  {
    const or_options_t *options = get_options();
  
    log_notice(LD_GENERAL,"Received reload signal (hup). Reloading config and "
               "resetting internal state.");
    if (accounting_is_enabled(options))
      accounting_record_bandwidth_usage(time(NULL), get_or_state());
  
    router_reset_warnings();
    routerlist_reset_warnings();
    /* first, reload config variables, in case they've changed */
    if (options->ReloadTorrcOnSIGHUP) {
      /* no need to provide argc/v, they've been cached in init_from_config */
      int init_rv = options_init_from_torrc(0, NULL);
      if (init_rv < 0) {
        log_err(LD_CONFIG,"Reading config failed--see warnings above. "
                "For usage, try -h.");
        return -1;
      } else if (BUG(init_rv > 0)) {
        // LCOV_EXCL_START
        /* This should be impossible: the only "return 1" cases in
         * options_init_from_torrc are ones caused by command-line arguments;
         * but they can't change while Tor is running. */
        return -1;
        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
      }
      options = get_options(); /* they have changed now */
      /* Logs are only truncated the first time they are opened, but were
         probably intended to be cleaned up on signal. */
      if (options->TruncateLogFile)
        truncate_logs();
    } else {
      char *msg = NULL;
      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Not reloading config file: the controller told "
                 "us not to.");
      /* Make stuff get rescanned, reloaded, etc. */
      if (set_options((or_options_t*)options, &msg) < 0) {
        if (!msg)
          msg = tor_strdup("Unknown error");
        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to re-set previous options: %s", msg);
        tor_free(msg);
      }
    }
    if (authdir_mode(options)) {
      /* reload the approved-routers file */
      if (dirserv_load_fingerprint_file() < 0) {
        /* warnings are logged from dirserv_load_fingerprint_file() directly */
        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Error reloading fingerprints. "
                 "Continuing with old list.");
      }
    }
  
    /* Rotate away from the old dirty circuits. This has to be done
     * after we've read the new options, but before we start using
     * circuits for directory fetches. */
    circuit_mark_all_dirty_circs_as_unusable();
  
    /* retry appropriate downloads */
    router_reset_status_download_failures();
    router_reset_descriptor_download_failures();
    if (!net_is_disabled())
      update_networkstatus_downloads(time(NULL));
  
    /* We'll retry routerstatus downloads in about 10 seconds; no need to
     * force a retry there. */
  
    if (server_mode(options)) {
      /* Maybe we've been given a new ed25519 key or certificate?
       */
      time_t now = approx_time();
      int new_signing_key = load_ed_keys(options, now);
      if (new_signing_key < 0 ||
          generate_ed_link_cert(options, now, new_signing_key > 0)) {
        log_warn(LD_OR, "Problem reloading Ed25519 keys; still using old keys.");
      }
  
      /* Update cpuworker and dnsworker processes, so they get up-to-date
       * configuration options. */
      cpuworkers_rotate_keyinfo();
      dns_reset();
    }
    return 0;
  }
  
  /** Libevent callback: invoked when we get a signal.
   */
  static void
  signal_callback(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
  {
    const int *sigptr = arg;
    const int sig = *sigptr;
    (void)fd;
    (void)events;
  
    update_current_time(time(NULL));
    process_signal(sig);
  }
  
  /** Do the work of acting on a signal received in <b>sig</b> */
  static void
  process_signal(int sig)
  {
    switch (sig)
      {
      case SIGTERM:
        log_notice(LD_GENERAL,"Catching signal TERM, exiting cleanly.");
        tor_shutdown_event_loop_and_exit(0);
        break;
      case SIGINT:
        if (!server_mode(get_options())) { /* do it now */
          log_notice(LD_GENERAL,"Interrupt: exiting cleanly.");
          tor_shutdown_event_loop_and_exit(0);
          return;
        }
  #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
        sd_notify(0, "STOPPING=1");
  #endif
        hibernate_begin_shutdown();
        break;
  #ifdef SIGPIPE
      case SIGPIPE:
        log_debug(LD_GENERAL,"Caught SIGPIPE. Ignoring.");
        break;
  #endif
      case SIGUSR1:
        /* prefer to log it at INFO, but make sure we always see it */
        dumpstats(get_min_log_level()<LOG_INFO ? get_min_log_level() : LOG_INFO);
        control_event_signal(sig);
        break;
      case SIGUSR2:
        switch_logs_debug();
        log_debug(LD_GENERAL,"Caught USR2, going to loglevel debug. "
                  "Send HUP to change back.");
        control_event_signal(sig);
        break;
      case SIGHUP:
  #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
        sd_notify(0, "RELOADING=1");
  #endif
        if (do_hup() < 0) {
          log_warn(LD_CONFIG,"Restart failed (config error?). Exiting.");
          tor_shutdown_event_loop_and_exit(1);
          return;
        }
  #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
        sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
  #endif
        control_event_signal(sig);
        break;
  #ifdef SIGCHLD
      case SIGCHLD:
        notify_pending_waitpid_callbacks();
        break;
  #endif
      case SIGNEWNYM: {
        do_signewnym(time(NULL));
        break;
      }
      case SIGCLEARDNSCACHE:
        addressmap_clear_transient();
        control_event_signal(sig);
        break;
      case SIGHEARTBEAT:
        log_heartbeat(time(NULL));
        control_event_signal(sig);
        break;
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Write current memory usage information to the log.
   */
  static void
  dumpmemusage(int severity)
  {
    connection_dump_buffer_mem_stats(severity);
    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "In rephist: %"PRIu64" used by %d Tors.",
        (rephist_total_alloc), rephist_total_num);
    dump_routerlist_mem_usage(severity);
    dump_cell_pool_usage(severity);
    dump_dns_mem_usage(severity);
    tor_log_mallinfo(severity);
  }
  
  /** Write all statistics to the log, with log level <b>severity</b>. Called
   * in response to a SIGUSR1. */
  static void
  dumpstats(int severity)
  {
    time_t now = time(NULL);
    time_t elapsed;
    size_t rbuf_cap, wbuf_cap, rbuf_len, wbuf_len;
  
    tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL, "Dumping stats:");
  
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(get_connection_array(), connection_t *, conn) {
      int i = conn_sl_idx;
      tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
          "Conn %d (socket %d) type %d (%s), state %d (%s), created %d secs ago",
          i, (int)conn->s, conn->type, conn_type_to_string(conn->type),
          conn->state, conn_state_to_string(conn->type, conn->state),
          (int)(now - conn->timestamp_created));
      if (!connection_is_listener(conn)) {
        tor_log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
            "Conn %d is to %s:%d.", i,
            safe_str_client(conn->address),
            conn->port);
        tor_log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
            "Conn %d: %d bytes waiting on inbuf (len %d, last read %d secs ago)",
            i,
            (int)connection_get_inbuf_len(conn),
            (int)buf_allocation(conn->inbuf),
            (int)(now - conn->timestamp_last_read_allowed));
        tor_log(severity,LD_GENERAL,
            "Conn %d: %d bytes waiting on outbuf "
            "(len %d, last written %d secs ago)",i,
            (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn),
            (int)buf_allocation(conn->outbuf),
            (int)(now - conn->timestamp_last_write_allowed));
        if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) {
          or_connection_t *or_conn = TO_OR_CONN(conn);
          if (or_conn->tls) {
            if (tor_tls_get_buffer_sizes(or_conn->tls, &rbuf_cap, &rbuf_len,
                                         &wbuf_cap, &wbuf_len) == 0) {
              tor_log(severity, LD_GENERAL,
                  "Conn %d: %d/%d bytes used on OpenSSL read buffer; "
                  "%d/%d bytes used on write buffer.",
                  i, (int)rbuf_len, (int)rbuf_cap, (int)wbuf_len, (int)wbuf_cap);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      circuit_dump_by_conn(conn, severity); /* dump info about all the circuits
                                             * using this conn */
    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
  
    channel_dumpstats(severity);
    channel_listener_dumpstats(severity);
  
    tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
        "Cells processed: %"PRIu64" padding\n"
        "                 %"PRIu64" create\n"
        "                 %"PRIu64" created\n"
        "                 %"PRIu64" relay\n"
        "                        (%"PRIu64" relayed)\n"
        "                        (%"PRIu64" delivered)\n"
        "                 %"PRIu64" destroy",
        (stats_n_padding_cells_processed),
        (stats_n_create_cells_processed),
        (stats_n_created_cells_processed),
        (stats_n_relay_cells_processed),
        (stats_n_relay_cells_relayed),
        (stats_n_relay_cells_delivered),
        (stats_n_destroy_cells_processed));
    if (stats_n_data_cells_packaged)
      tor_log(severity,LD_NET,"Average packaged cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
          100*(((double)stats_n_data_bytes_packaged) /
               ((double)stats_n_data_cells_packaged*RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) );
    if (stats_n_data_cells_received)
      tor_log(severity,LD_NET,"Average delivered cell fullness: %2.3f%%",
          100*(((double)stats_n_data_bytes_received) /
               ((double)stats_n_data_cells_received*RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) );
  
    cpuworker_log_onionskin_overhead(severity, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_TAP, "TAP");
    cpuworker_log_onionskin_overhead(severity, ONION_HANDSHAKE_TYPE_NTOR,"ntor");
  
    if (now - time_of_process_start >= 0)
      elapsed = now - time_of_process_start;
    else
      elapsed = 0;
  
    if (elapsed) {
      tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
          "Average bandwidth: %"PRIu64"/%d = %d bytes/sec reading",
          (get_bytes_read()),
          (int)elapsed,
          (int) (get_bytes_read()/elapsed));
      tor_log(severity, LD_NET,
          "Average bandwidth: %"PRIu64"/%d = %d bytes/sec writing",
          (get_bytes_written()),
          (int)elapsed,
          (int) (get_bytes_written()/elapsed));
    }
  
    tor_log(severity, LD_NET, "--------------- Dumping memory information:");
    dumpmemusage(severity);
  
    rep_hist_dump_stats(now,severity);
    rend_service_dump_stats(severity);
  }
  
  /** Called by exit() as we shut down the process.
   */
  static void
  exit_function(void)
  {
    /* NOTE: If we ever daemonize, this gets called immediately.  That's
     * okay for now, because we only use this on Windows.  */
  #ifdef _WIN32
    WSACleanup();
  #endif
  }
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  #define UNIX_ONLY 0
  #else
  #define UNIX_ONLY 1
  #endif
  
  static struct {
    /** A numeric code for this signal. Must match the signal value if
     * try_to_register is true. */
    int signal_value;
    /** True if we should try to register this signal with libevent and catch
     * corresponding posix signals. False otherwise. */
    int try_to_register;
    /** Pointer to hold the event object constructed for this signal. */
    struct event *signal_event;
  } signal_handlers[] = {
  #ifdef SIGINT
    { SIGINT, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* do a controlled slow shutdown */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGTERM
    { SIGTERM, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* to terminate now */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGPIPE
    { SIGPIPE, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* otherwise SIGPIPE kills us */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGUSR1
    { SIGUSR1, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* dump stats */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGUSR2
    { SIGUSR2, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* go to loglevel debug */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGHUP
    { SIGHUP, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* to reload config, retry conns, etc */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGXFSZ
    { SIGXFSZ, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* handle file-too-big resource exhaustion */
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGCHLD
    { SIGCHLD, UNIX_ONLY, NULL }, /* handle dns/cpu workers that exit */
  #endif
    /* These are controller-only */
    { SIGNEWNYM, 0, NULL },
    { SIGCLEARDNSCACHE, 0, NULL },
    { SIGHEARTBEAT, 0, NULL },
    { -1, -1, NULL }
  };
  
  /** Set up the signal handler events for this process, and register them
   * with libevent if appropriate. */
  void
  handle_signals(void)
  {
    int i;
    const int enabled = !get_options()->DisableSignalHandlers;
  
    for (i = 0; signal_handlers[i].signal_value >= 0; ++i) {
      /* Signal handlers are only registered with libevent if they need to catch
       * real POSIX signals.  We construct these signal handler events in either
       * case, though, so that controllers can activate them with the SIGNAL
       * command.
       */
      if (enabled && signal_handlers[i].try_to_register) {
        signal_handlers[i].signal_event =
          tor_evsignal_new(tor_libevent_get_base(),
                           signal_handlers[i].signal_value,
                           signal_callback,
                           &signal_handlers[i].signal_value);
        if (event_add(signal_handlers[i].signal_event, NULL))
          log_warn(LD_BUG, "Error from libevent when adding "
                   "event for signal %d",
                   signal_handlers[i].signal_value);
      } else {
        signal_handlers[i].signal_event =
          tor_event_new(tor_libevent_get_base(), -1,
                        EV_SIGNAL, signal_callback,
                        &signal_handlers[i].signal_value);
      }
    }
  }
  
  /* Cause the signal handler for signal_num to be called in the event loop. */
  void
  activate_signal(int signal_num)
  {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; signal_handlers[i].signal_value >= 0; ++i) {
      if (signal_handlers[i].signal_value == signal_num) {
        event_active(signal_handlers[i].signal_event, EV_SIGNAL, 1);
        return;
      }
    }
  }
  
  /** Main entry point for the Tor command-line client.  Return 0 on "success",
   * negative on "failure", and positive on "success and exit".
   */
  int
  tor_init(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
    char progname[256];
    int quiet = 0;
  
    time_of_process_start = time(NULL);
    tor_init_connection_lists();
    /* Have the log set up with our application name. */
    tor_snprintf(progname, sizeof(progname), "Tor %s", get_version());
    log_set_application_name(progname);
  
    /* Set up the crypto nice and early */
    if (crypto_early_init() < 0) {
      log_err(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to initialize the crypto subsystem!");
      return -1;
    }
  
    /* Initialize the history structures. */
    rep_hist_init();
    /* Initialize the service cache. */
    rend_cache_init();
    addressmap_init(); /* Init the client dns cache. Do it always, since it's
                        * cheap. */
    /* Initialize the HS subsystem. */
    hs_init();
  
    {
    /* We search for the "quiet" option first, since it decides whether we
     * will log anything at all to the command line. */
      config_line_t *opts = NULL, *cmdline_opts = NULL;
      const config_line_t *cl;
      (void) config_parse_commandline(argc, argv, 1, &opts, &cmdline_opts);
      for (cl = cmdline_opts; cl; cl = cl->next) {
        if (!strcmp(cl->key, "--hush"))
          quiet = 1;
        if (!strcmp(cl->key, "--quiet") ||
            !strcmp(cl->key, "--dump-config"))
          quiet = 2;
        /* The following options imply --hush */
        if (!strcmp(cl->key, "--version") || !strcmp(cl->key, "--digests") ||
            !strcmp(cl->key, "--list-torrc-options") ||
            !strcmp(cl->key, "--library-versions") ||
            !strcmp(cl->key, "--list-modules") ||
            !strcmp(cl->key, "--hash-password") ||
            !strcmp(cl->key, "-h") || !strcmp(cl->key, "--help")) {
          if (quiet < 1)
            quiet = 1;
        }
      }
      config_free_lines(opts);
      config_free_lines(cmdline_opts);
    }
  
   /* give it somewhere to log to initially */
    switch (quiet) {
      case 2:
        /* no initial logging */
        break;
      case 1:
        add_temp_log(LOG_WARN);
        break;
      default:
        add_temp_log(LOG_NOTICE);
    }
    quiet_level = quiet;
  
    {
      const char *version = get_version();
  
      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor %s running on %s with Libevent %s, "
                 "%s %s, Zlib %s, Liblzma %s, and Libzstd %s.", version,
                 get_uname(),
                 tor_libevent_get_version_str(),
                 crypto_get_library_name(),
                 crypto_get_library_version_string(),
                 tor_compress_supports_method(ZLIB_METHOD) ?
                   tor_compress_version_str(ZLIB_METHOD) : "N/A",
                 tor_compress_supports_method(LZMA_METHOD) ?
                   tor_compress_version_str(LZMA_METHOD) : "N/A",
                 tor_compress_supports_method(ZSTD_METHOD) ?
                   tor_compress_version_str(ZSTD_METHOD) : "N/A");
  
      log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Tor can't help you if you use it wrong! "
                 "Learn how to be safe at "
                 "https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning");
  
      if (strstr(version, "alpha") || strstr(version, "beta"))
        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "This version is not a stable Tor release. "
                   "Expect more bugs than usual.");
  
      tor_compress_log_init_warnings();
    }
  
  #ifdef SPLIT_EVAL
      split_eval_log_sync();
      split_eval_log_gettime_info();
  #endif /* SPLIT_EVAL */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_RUST
    rust_log_welcome_string();
  #endif /* defined(HAVE_RUST) */
  
    if (network_init()<0) {
      log_err(LD_BUG,"Error initializing network; exiting.");
      return -1;
    }
    atexit(exit_function);
  
    int init_rv = options_init_from_torrc(argc,argv);
    if (init_rv < 0) {
      log_err(LD_CONFIG,"Reading config failed--see warnings above.");
      return -1;
    } else if (init_rv > 0) {
      // We succeeded, and should exit anyway -- probably the user just said
      // "--version" or something like that.
      return 1;
    }
  
    /* The options are now initialised */
    const or_options_t *options = get_options();
  
    if (demo_init() < 0) {
      log_err(LD_GENERAL, "Error initializing the demo; exiting.");
      return -1;
    }
  
    /* Initialize channelpadding parameters to defaults until we get
     * a consensus */
    channelpadding_new_consensus_params(NULL);
  
    /* Initialize predicted ports list after loading options */
    predicted_ports_init();
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
    if (geteuid()==0)
      log_warn(LD_GENERAL,"You are running Tor as root. You don't need to, "
               "and you probably shouldn't.");
  #endif
  
    if (crypto_global_init(options->HardwareAccel,
                           options->AccelName,
                           options->AccelDir)) {
      log_err(LD_BUG, "Unable to initialize OpenSSL. Exiting.");
      return -1;
    }
    stream_choice_seed_weak_rng();
    if (tor_init_libevent_rng() < 0) {
      log_warn(LD_NET, "Problem initializing libevent RNG.");
    }
  
    /* Scan/clean unparseable descriptors; after reading config */
    routerparse_init();
  
    return 0;
  }
  
  /** A lockfile structure, used to prevent two Tors from messing with the
   * data directory at once.  If this variable is non-NULL, we're holding
   * the lockfile. */
  static tor_lockfile_t *lockfile = NULL;
  
  /** Try to grab the lock file described in <b>options</b>, if we do not
   * already have it.  If <b>err_if_locked</b> is true, warn if somebody else is
   * holding the lock, and exit if we can't get it after waiting.  Otherwise,
   * return -1 if we can't get the lockfile.  Return 0 on success.
   */
  int
  try_locking(const or_options_t *options, int err_if_locked)
  {
    if (lockfile)
      return 0;
    else {
      char *fname = options_get_datadir_fname(options, "lock");
      int already_locked = 0;
      tor_lockfile_t *lf = tor_lockfile_lock(fname, 0, &already_locked);
      tor_free(fname);
      if (!lf) {
        if (err_if_locked && already_locked) {
          int r;
          log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "It looks like another Tor process is running "
                   "with the same data directory.  Waiting 5 seconds to see "
                   "if it goes away.");
  #ifndef _WIN32
          sleep(5);
  #else
          Sleep(5000);
  #endif
          r = try_locking(options, 0);
          if (r<0) {
            log_err(LD_GENERAL, "No, it's still there.  Exiting.");
            return -1;
          }
          return r;
        }
        return -1;
      }
      lockfile = lf;
      return 0;
    }
  }
  
  /** Return true iff we've successfully acquired the lock file. */
  int
  have_lockfile(void)
  {
    return lockfile != NULL;
  }
  
  /** If we have successfully acquired the lock file, release it. */
  void
  release_lockfile(void)
  {
    if (lockfile) {
      tor_lockfile_unlock(lockfile);
      lockfile = NULL;
    }
  }
  
  /** Free all memory that we might have allocated somewhere.
   * If <b>postfork</b>, we are a worker process and we want to free
   * only the parts of memory that we won't touch. If !<b>postfork</b>,
   * Tor is shutting down and we should free everything.
   *
   * Helps us find the real leaks with sanitizers and the like. Also valgrind
   * should then report 0 reachable in its leak report (in an ideal world --
   * in practice libevent, SSL, libc etc never quite free everything). */
  void
  tor_free_all(int postfork)
  {
    if (!postfork) {
      evdns_shutdown(1);
    }
    geoip_free_all();
    geoip_stats_free_all();
    dirvote_free_all();
    routerlist_free_all();
    networkstatus_free_all();
    addressmap_free_all();
    dirserv_free_fingerprint_list();
    dirserv_free_all();
    dirserv_clear_measured_bw_cache();
    rend_cache_free_all();
    rend_service_authorization_free_all();
    rep_hist_free_all();
    dns_free_all();
    clear_pending_onions();
    circuit_free_all();
    entry_guards_free_all();
    pt_free_all();
    channel_tls_free_all();
    channel_free_all();
    connection_free_all();
    connection_edge_free_all();
    scheduler_free_all();
    nodelist_free_all();
    microdesc_free_all();
    routerparse_free_all();
    ext_orport_free_all();
    control_free_all();
    tor_free_getaddrinfo_cache();
    protover_free_all();
    bridges_free_all();
    consdiffmgr_free_all();
    hs_free_all();
    dos_free_all();
    circuitmux_ewma_free_all();
    accounting_free_all();
  
    if (!postfork) {
      config_free_all();
      or_state_free_all();
      router_free_all();
      routerkeys_free_all();
      policies_free_all();
      demo_exit();
    }
    if (!postfork) {
      tor_tls_free_all();
  #ifndef _WIN32
      tor_getpwnam(NULL);
  #endif
    }
    /* stuff in main.c */
  
    tor_mainloop_free_all();
  
    if (!postfork) {
      release_lockfile();
    }
    tor_libevent_free_all();
    /* Stuff in util.c and address.c*/
    if (!postfork) {
      escaped(NULL);
      esc_router_info(NULL);
      clean_up_backtrace_handler();
      logs_free_all(); /* free log strings. do this last so logs keep working. */
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Remove the specified file, and log a warning if the operation fails for
   * any reason other than the file not existing. Ignores NULL filenames.
   */
  void
  tor_remove_file(const char *filename)
  {
    if (filename && tor_unlink(filename) != 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
      log_warn(LD_FS, "Couldn't unlink %s: %s",
                 filename, strerror(errno));
    }
  }
  
  /** Do whatever cleanup is necessary before shutting Tor down. */
  void
  tor_cleanup(void)
  {
    const or_options_t *options = get_options();
    if (options->command == CMD_RUN_TOR) {
      time_t now = time(NULL);
      /* Remove our pid file. We don't care if there was an error when we
       * unlink, nothing we could do about it anyways. */
      tor_remove_file(options->PidFile);
      /* Remove control port file */
      tor_remove_file(options->ControlPortWriteToFile);
      /* Remove cookie authentication file */
      {
        char *cookie_fname = get_controller_cookie_file_name();
        tor_remove_file(cookie_fname);
        tor_free(cookie_fname);
      }
      /* Remove Extended ORPort cookie authentication file */
      {
        char *cookie_fname = get_ext_or_auth_cookie_file_name();
        tor_remove_file(cookie_fname);
        tor_free(cookie_fname);
      }
      if (accounting_is_enabled(options))
        accounting_record_bandwidth_usage(now, get_or_state());
      or_state_mark_dirty(get_or_state(), 0); /* force an immediate save. */
      or_state_save(now);
      if (authdir_mode(options)) {
        sr_save_and_cleanup();
      }
      if (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options))
        rep_hist_record_mtbf_data(now, 0);
      keypin_close_journal();
    }
  
    timers_shutdown();
  
    tor_free_all(0); /* We could move tor_free_all back into the ifdef below
                        later, if it makes shutdown unacceptably slow.  But for
                        now, leave it here: it's helped us catch bugs in the
                        past. */
    crypto_global_cleanup();
  }
  
  /** Read/create keys as needed, and echo our fingerprint to stdout. */
  static int
  do_list_fingerprint(void)
  {
    char buf[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1];
    crypto_pk_t *k;
    const char *nickname = get_options()->Nickname;
    sandbox_disable_getaddrinfo_cache();
    if (!server_mode(get_options())) {
      log_err(LD_GENERAL,
              "Clients don't have long-term identity keys. Exiting.");
      return -1;
    }
    tor_assert(nickname);
    if (init_keys() < 0) {
      log_err(LD_GENERAL,"Error initializing keys; exiting.");
      return -1;
    }
    if (!(k = get_server_identity_key())) {
      log_err(LD_GENERAL,"Error: missing identity key.");
      return -1;
    }
    if (crypto_pk_get_fingerprint(k, buf, 1)<0) {
      log_err(LD_BUG, "Error computing fingerprint");
      return -1;
    }
    printf("%s %s\n", nickname, buf);
    return 0;
  }
  
  /** Entry point for password hashing: take the desired password from
   * the command line, and print its salted hash to stdout. **/
  static void
  do_hash_password(void)
  {
  
    char output[256];
    char key[S2K_RFC2440_SPECIFIER_LEN+DIGEST_LEN];
  
    crypto_rand(key, S2K_RFC2440_SPECIFIER_LEN-1);
    key[S2K_RFC2440_SPECIFIER_LEN-1] = (uint8_t)96; /* Hash 64 K of data. */
    secret_to_key_rfc2440(key+S2K_RFC2440_SPECIFIER_LEN, DIGEST_LEN,
                  get_options()->command_arg, strlen(get_options()->command_arg),
                  key);
    base16_encode(output, sizeof(output), key, sizeof(key));
    printf("16:%s\n",output);
  }
  
  /** Entry point for configuration dumping: write the configuration to
   * stdout. */
  static int
  do_dump_config(void)
  {
    const or_options_t *options = get_options();
    const char *arg = options->command_arg;
    int how;
    char *opts;
  
    if (!strcmp(arg, "short")) {
      how = OPTIONS_DUMP_MINIMAL;
    } else if (!strcmp(arg, "non-builtin")) {
      how = OPTIONS_DUMP_DEFAULTS;
    } else if (!strcmp(arg, "full")) {
      how = OPTIONS_DUMP_ALL;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "No valid argument to --dump-config found!\n");
      fprintf(stderr, "Please select 'short', 'non-builtin', or 'full'.\n");
  
      return -1;
    }
  
    opts = options_dump(options, how);
    printf("%s", opts);
    tor_free(opts);
  
    return 0;
  }
  
  static void
  init_addrinfo(void)
  {
    if (! server_mode(get_options()) ||
        (get_options()->Address && strlen(get_options()->Address) > 0)) {
      /* We don't need to seed our own hostname, because we won't be calling
       * resolve_my_address on it.
       */
      return;
    }
    char hname[256];
  
    // host name to sandbox
    gethostname(hname, sizeof(hname));
    tor_add_addrinfo(hname);
  }
  
  static sandbox_cfg_t*
  sandbox_init_filter(void)
  {
    const or_options_t *options = get_options();
    sandbox_cfg_t *cfg = sandbox_cfg_new();
    int i;
  
    sandbox_cfg_allow_openat_filename(&cfg,
        get_cachedir_fname("cached-status"));
  
  #define OPEN(name)                              \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup(name))
  
  #define OPEN_DATADIR(name)                      \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, get_datadir_fname(name))
  
  #define OPEN_DATADIR2(name, name2)                       \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, get_datadir_fname2((name), (name2)))
  
  #define OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX(name, suffix) do {  \
      OPEN_DATADIR(name);                         \
      OPEN_DATADIR(name suffix);                  \
    } while (0)
  
  #define OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX(name, name2, suffix) do {  \
      OPEN_DATADIR2(name, name2);                         \
      OPEN_DATADIR2(name, name2 suffix);                  \
    } while (0)
  
  #define OPEN_KEY_DIRECTORY() \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup(options->KeyDirectory))
  #define OPEN_CACHEDIR(name)                      \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, get_cachedir_fname(name))
  #define OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX(name, suffix) do {  \
      OPEN_CACHEDIR(name);                         \
      OPEN_CACHEDIR(name suffix);                  \
    } while (0)
  #define OPEN_KEYDIR(name)                      \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, get_keydir_fname(name))
  #define OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX(name, suffix) do {    \
      OPEN_KEYDIR(name);                           \
      OPEN_KEYDIR(name suffix);                    \
    } while (0)
  
    OPEN(options->DataDirectory);
    OPEN_KEY_DIRECTORY();
  
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-certs", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-consensus", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("unverified-consensus", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("unverified-microdesc-consensus", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdesc-consensus", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdescs", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdescs.new", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-descriptors", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-descriptors.new", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR("cached-descriptors.tmp.tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-extrainfo", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-extrainfo.new", ".tmp");
    OPEN_CACHEDIR("cached-extrainfo.tmp.tmp");
  
    OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("state", ".tmp");
    OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("sr-state", ".tmp");
    OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("unparseable-desc", ".tmp");
    OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("v3-status-votes", ".tmp");
    OPEN_DATADIR("key-pinning-journal");
    OPEN("/dev/srandom");
    OPEN("/dev/urandom");
    OPEN("/dev/random");
    OPEN("/etc/hosts");
    OPEN("/proc/meminfo");
  
    if (options->BridgeAuthoritativeDir)
      OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("networkstatus-bridges", ".tmp");
  
    if (authdir_mode(options))
      OPEN_DATADIR("approved-routers");
  
    if (options->ServerDNSResolvConfFile)
      sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg,
                                  tor_strdup(options->ServerDNSResolvConfFile));
    else
      sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup("/etc/resolv.conf"));
  
    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
      if (get_torrc_fname(i)) {
        sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup(get_torrc_fname(i)));
      }
    }
  
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->FilesOpenedByIncludes, char *, f, {
      OPEN(f);
    });
  
  #define RENAME_SUFFIX(name, suffix)        \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,           \
        get_datadir_fname(name suffix),      \
        get_datadir_fname(name))
  
  #define RENAME_SUFFIX2(prefix, name, suffix) \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,                                        \
                             get_datadir_fname2(prefix, name suffix),     \
                             get_datadir_fname2(prefix, name))
  
  #define RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX(name, suffix)        \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,           \
        get_cachedir_fname(name suffix),      \
        get_cachedir_fname(name))
  
  #define RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX(name, suffix)    \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,           \
        get_keydir_fname(name suffix),      \
        get_keydir_fname(name))
  
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-certs", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-consensus", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("unverified-consensus", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("unverified-microdesc-consensus", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdesc-consensus", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdescs", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdescs", ".new");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-microdescs.new", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-descriptors", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-descriptors", ".new");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-descriptors.new", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-extrainfo", ".tmp");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-extrainfo", ".new");
    RENAME_CACHEDIR_SUFFIX("cached-extrainfo.new", ".tmp");
  
    RENAME_SUFFIX("state", ".tmp");
    RENAME_SUFFIX("sr-state", ".tmp");
    RENAME_SUFFIX("unparseable-desc", ".tmp");
    RENAME_SUFFIX("v3-status-votes", ".tmp");
  
    if (options->BridgeAuthoritativeDir)
      RENAME_SUFFIX("networkstatus-bridges", ".tmp");
  
  #define STAT_DATADIR(name)                      \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_stat_filename(&cfg, get_datadir_fname(name))
  
  #define STAT_CACHEDIR(name)                                             \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_stat_filename(&cfg, get_cachedir_fname(name))
  
  #define STAT_DATADIR2(name, name2)                                      \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_stat_filename(&cfg, get_datadir_fname2((name), (name2)))
  
  #define STAT_KEY_DIRECTORY() \
    sandbox_cfg_allow_stat_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup(options->KeyDirectory))
  
    STAT_DATADIR(NULL);
    STAT_DATADIR("lock");
    STAT_DATADIR("state");
    STAT_DATADIR("router-stability");
  
    STAT_CACHEDIR("cached-extrainfo.new");
  
    {
      smartlist_t *files = smartlist_new();
      tor_log_get_logfile_names(files);
      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(files, char *, file_name, {
        /* steals reference */
        sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, file_name);
      });
      smartlist_free(files);
    }
  
    {
      smartlist_t *files = smartlist_new();
      smartlist_t *dirs = smartlist_new();
      hs_service_lists_fnames_for_sandbox(files, dirs);
      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(files, char *, file_name, {
        char *tmp_name = NULL;
        tor_asprintf(&tmp_name, "%s.tmp", file_name);
        sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,
                                 tor_strdup(tmp_name), tor_strdup(file_name));
        /* steals references */
        sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, file_name);
        sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, tmp_name);
      });
      SMARTLIST_FOREACH(dirs, char *, dir, {
        /* steals reference */
        sandbox_cfg_allow_stat_filename(&cfg, dir);
      });
      smartlist_free(files);
      smartlist_free(dirs);
    }
  
    {
      char *fname;
      if ((fname = get_controller_cookie_file_name())) {
        sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, fname);
      }
      if ((fname = get_ext_or_auth_cookie_file_name())) {
        sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg, fname);
      }
    }
  
    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(get_configured_ports(), port_cfg_t *, port) {
      if (!port->is_unix_addr)
        continue;
      /* When we open an AF_UNIX address, we want permission to open the
       * directory that holds it. */
      char *dirname = tor_strdup(port->unix_addr);
      if (get_parent_directory(dirname) == 0) {
        OPEN(dirname);
      }
      tor_free(dirname);
      sandbox_cfg_allow_chmod_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup(port->unix_addr));
      sandbox_cfg_allow_chown_filename(&cfg, tor_strdup(port->unix_addr));
    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(port);
  
    if (options->DirPortFrontPage) {
      sandbox_cfg_allow_open_filename(&cfg,
                                      tor_strdup(options->DirPortFrontPage));
    }
  
    // orport
    if (server_mode(get_options())) {
  
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_id_key", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_onion_key", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_onion_key_ntor", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR("secret_id_key.old");
      OPEN_KEYDIR("secret_onion_key.old");
      OPEN_KEYDIR("secret_onion_key_ntor.old");
  
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_master_id_secret_key", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_master_id_public_key", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_signing_secret_key", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_signing_secret_key_encrypted", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_signing_public_key", ".tmp");
      OPEN_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_signing_cert", ".tmp");
  
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "bridge-stats", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "dirreq-stats", ".tmp");
  
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "entry-stats", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "exit-stats", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "buffer-stats", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "conn-stats", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR2_SUFFIX("stats", "hidserv-stats", ".tmp");
  
      OPEN_DATADIR("approved-routers");
      OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("fingerprint", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("hashed-fingerprint", ".tmp");
      OPEN_DATADIR_SUFFIX("router-stability", ".tmp");
  
      OPEN("/etc/resolv.conf");
  
      RENAME_SUFFIX("fingerprint", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_onion_key_ntor", ".tmp");
  
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_id_key", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_id_key.old", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_onion_key", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("secret_onion_key.old", ".tmp");
  
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "bridge-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "dirreq-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "entry-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "exit-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "buffer-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "conn-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX2("stats", "hidserv-stats", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX("hashed-fingerprint", ".tmp");
      RENAME_SUFFIX("router-stability", ".tmp");
  
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_master_id_secret_key", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_master_id_secret_key_encrypted", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_master_id_public_key", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_signing_secret_key", ".tmp");
      RENAME_KEYDIR_SUFFIX("ed25519_signing_cert", ".tmp");
  
      sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,
               get_keydir_fname("secret_onion_key"),
               get_keydir_fname("secret_onion_key.old"));
      sandbox_cfg_allow_rename(&cfg,
               get_keydir_fname("secret_onion_key_ntor"),
               get_keydir_fname("secret_onion_key_ntor.old"));
  
      STAT_KEY_DIRECTORY();
      OPEN_DATADIR("stats");
      STAT_DATADIR("stats");
      STAT_DATADIR2("stats", "dirreq-stats");
  
      consdiffmgr_register_with_sandbox(&cfg);
    }
  
    init_addrinfo();
  
    return cfg;
  }
  
  int
  run_tor_main_loop(void)
  {
    handle_signals();
    monotime_init();
    timers_initialize();
    initialize_mainloop_events();
  
    /* load the private keys, if we're supposed to have them, and set up the
     * TLS context. */
    if (! client_identity_key_is_set()) {
      if (init_keys() < 0) {
        log_err(LD_OR, "Error initializing keys; exiting");
        return -1;
      }
    }
  
    /* Set up our buckets */
    connection_bucket_init();
  
    /* initialize the bootstrap status events to know we're starting up */
    control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_STARTING, 0);
  
    /* Initialize the keypinning log. */
    if (authdir_mode_v3(get_options())) {
      char *fname = get_datadir_fname("key-pinning-journal");
      int r = 0;
      if (keypin_load_journal(fname)<0) {
        log_err(LD_DIR, "Error loading key-pinning journal: %s",strerror(errno));
        r = -1;
      }
      if (keypin_open_journal(fname)<0) {
        log_err(LD_DIR, "Error opening key-pinning journal: %s",strerror(errno));
        r = -1;
      }
      tor_free(fname);
      if (r)
        return r;
    }
    {
      /* This is the old name for key-pinning-journal.  These got corrupted
       * in a couple of cases by #16530, so we started over. See #16580 for
       * the rationale and for other options we didn't take.  We can remove
       * this code once all the authorities that ran 0.2.7.1-alpha-dev are
       * upgraded.
       */
      char *fname = get_datadir_fname("key-pinning-entries");
      unlink(fname);
      tor_free(fname);
    }
  
    if (trusted_dirs_reload_certs()) {
      log_warn(LD_DIR,
               "Couldn't load all cached v3 certificates. Starting anyway.");
    }
    if (router_reload_consensus_networkstatus()) {
      return -1;
    }
    /* load the routers file, or assign the defaults. */
    if (router_reload_router_list()) {
      return -1;
    }
    /* load the networkstatuses. (This launches a download for new routers as
     * appropriate.)
     */
    const time_t now = time(NULL);
    directory_info_has_arrived(now, 1, 0);
  
    if (server_mode(get_options()) || dir_server_mode(get_options())) {
      /* launch cpuworkers. Need to do this *after* we've read the onion key. */
      cpu_init();
    }
    consdiffmgr_enable_background_compression();
  
    /* Setup shared random protocol subsystem. */
    if (authdir_mode_v3(get_options())) {
      if (sr_init(1) < 0) {
        return -1;
      }
    }
  
    /* initialize dns resolve map, spawn workers if needed */
    if (dns_init() < 0) {
      if (get_options()->ServerDNSAllowBrokenConfig)
        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Couldn't set up any working nameservers. "
                 "Network not up yet?  Will try again soon.");
      else {
        log_err(LD_GENERAL,"Error initializing dns subsystem; exiting.  To "
                "retry instead, set the ServerDNSAllowBrokenResolvConf option.");
      }
    }
  
  #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
    {
      const int r = sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
      if (r < 0) {
        log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "Unable to send readiness to systemd: %s",
                 strerror(r));
      } else if (r > 0) {
        log_notice(LD_GENERAL, "Signaled readiness to systemd");
      } else {
        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Systemd NOTIFY_SOCKET not present.");
      }
    }
  #endif /* defined(HAVE_SYSTEMD) */
  
    return do_main_loop();
  }
  
  /* Main entry point for the Tor process.  Called from tor_main(), and by
   * anybody embedding Tor. */
  int
  tor_run_main(const tor_main_configuration_t *tor_cfg)
  {
    int result = 0;
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  #ifndef HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption
  #define HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption 1
  #endif
    /* On heap corruption, just give up; don't try to play along. */
    HeapSetInformation(NULL, HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption, NULL, 0);
  
    /* SetProcessDEPPolicy is only supported on 32-bit Windows.
     * (On 64-bit Windows it always fails, and some compilers don't like the
     * PSETDEP cast.)
     * 32-bit Windows defines _WIN32.
     * 64-bit Windows defines _WIN32 and _WIN64. */
  #ifndef _WIN64
    /* Call SetProcessDEPPolicy to permanently enable DEP.
       The function will not resolve on earlier versions of Windows,
       and failure is not dangerous. */
    HMODULE hMod = GetModuleHandleA("Kernel32.dll");
    if (hMod) {
      typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PSETDEP)(DWORD);
      PSETDEP setdeppolicy = (PSETDEP)GetProcAddress(hMod,
                             "SetProcessDEPPolicy");
      if (setdeppolicy) {
        /* PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE | PROCESS_DEP_DISABLE_ATL_THUNK_EMULATION */
        setdeppolicy(3);
      }
    }
  #endif /* !defined(_WIN64) */
  #endif /* defined(_WIN32) */
  
    {
      int bt_err = configure_backtrace_handler(get_version());
      if (bt_err < 0) {
        log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to install backtrace handler: %s",
                 strerror(-bt_err));
      }
    }
  
  #ifdef EVENT_SET_MEM_FUNCTIONS_IMPLEMENTED
    event_set_mem_functions(tor_malloc_, tor_realloc_, tor_free_);
  #endif
  
    init_protocol_warning_severity_level();
  
    update_approx_time(time(NULL));
    tor_threads_init();
    tor_compress_init();
    init_logging(0);
    monotime_init();
  
    int argc = tor_cfg->argc + tor_cfg->argc_owned;
    char **argv = tor_calloc(argc, sizeof(char*));
    memcpy(argv, tor_cfg->argv, tor_cfg->argc*sizeof(char*));
    if (tor_cfg->argc_owned)
      memcpy(argv + tor_cfg->argc, tor_cfg->argv_owned,
             tor_cfg->argc_owned*sizeof(char*));
  
  #ifdef NT_SERVICE
    {
       int done = 0;
       result = nt_service_parse_options(argc, argv, &done);
       if (done) {
         goto done;
       }
    }
  #endif /* defined(NT_SERVICE) */
    {
      int init_rv = tor_init(argc, argv);
      if (init_rv) {
        tor_free_all(0);
        result = (init_rv < 0) ? -1 : 0;
        goto done;
      }
    }
  
    if (get_options()->Sandbox && get_options()->command == CMD_RUN_TOR) {
      sandbox_cfg_t* cfg = sandbox_init_filter();
  
      if (sandbox_init(cfg)) {
        tor_free(argv);
        log_err(LD_BUG,"Failed to create syscall sandbox filter");
        tor_free_all(0);
        return -1;
      }
  
      // registering libevent rng
  #ifdef HAVE_EVUTIL_SECURE_RNG_SET_URANDOM_DEVICE_FILE
      evutil_secure_rng_set_urandom_device_file(
          (char*) sandbox_intern_string("/dev/urandom"));
  #endif
    }
  
    switch (get_options()->command) {
    case CMD_RUN_TOR:
  #ifdef NT_SERVICE
      nt_service_set_state(SERVICE_RUNNING);
  #endif
      result = run_tor_main_loop();
      break;
    case CMD_KEYGEN:
      result = load_ed_keys(get_options(), time(NULL)) < 0;
      break;
    case CMD_KEY_EXPIRATION:
      init_keys();
      result = log_cert_expiration();
      break;
    case CMD_LIST_FINGERPRINT:
      result = do_list_fingerprint();
      break;
    case CMD_HASH_PASSWORD:
      do_hash_password();
      result = 0;
      break;
    case CMD_VERIFY_CONFIG:
      if (quiet_level == 0)
        printf("Configuration was valid\n");
      result = 0;
      break;
    case CMD_DUMP_CONFIG:
      result = do_dump_config();
      break;
    case CMD_RUN_UNITTESTS: /* only set by test.c */
    default:
      log_warn(LD_BUG,"Illegal command number %d: internal error.",
               get_options()->command);
      result = -1;
    }
    tor_cleanup();
   done:
    tor_free(argv);
    return result;
  }
  