text: /* tasn_dec.c */
  /* Written by Dr Stephen N Henson (shenson@bigfoot.com) for the OpenSSL
   * project 2000.
   */
  /* ====================================================================
   * Copyright (c) 2000-2005 The OpenSSL Project.  All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   * are met:
   *
   * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
   *
   * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
   *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
   *    distribution.
   *
   * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
   *    software must display the following acknowledgment:
   *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
   *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
   *
   * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
   *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
   *    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
   *    licensing@OpenSSL.org.
   *
   * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
   *    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
   *    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
   *
   * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
   *    acknowledgment:
   *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
   *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
   * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
   * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
   * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
   * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
   * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
   * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
   * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
   * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
   * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
   * ====================================================================
   *
   * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
   * (eay@cryptsoft.com).  This product includes software written by Tim
   * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
   *
   */
  
  
  #include <stddef.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <openssl/asn1.h>
  #include <openssl/asn1t.h>
  #include <openssl/objects.h>
  #include <openssl/buffer.h>
  #include <openssl/err.h>
  
  static int asn1_check_eoc(const unsigned char **in, long len);
  static int asn1_find_end(const unsigned char **in, long len, char inf);
  
  static int asn1_collect(BUF_MEM *buf, const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				char inf, int tag, int aclass);
  
  static int collect_data(BUF_MEM *buf, const unsigned char **p, long plen);
  
  static int asn1_check_tlen(long *olen, int *otag, unsigned char *oclass,
  				char *inf, char *cst,
  				const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				int exptag, int expclass, char opt,
  				ASN1_TLC *ctx);
  
  static int asn1_template_ex_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **pval,
  				const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, char opt,
  				ASN1_TLC *ctx);
  static int asn1_template_noexp_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **val,
  				const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, char opt,
  				ASN1_TLC *ctx);
  static int asn1_d2i_ex_primitive(ASN1_VALUE **pval,
  				const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				const ASN1_ITEM *it,
  				int tag, int aclass, char opt, ASN1_TLC *ctx);
  
  /* Table to convert tags to bit values, used for MSTRING type */
  static const unsigned long tag2bit[32] = {
  0,	0,	0,	B_ASN1_BIT_STRING,	/* tags  0 -  3 */
  B_ASN1_OCTET_STRING,	0,	0,		B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,/* tags  4- 7 */
  B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,	B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,	B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,	B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,/* tags  8-11 */
  B_ASN1_UTF8STRING,B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,/* tags 12-15 */
  B_ASN1_SEQUENCE,0,B_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING,B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING, /* tags 16-19 */
  B_ASN1_T61STRING,B_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING,B_ASN1_IA5STRING,       /* tags 20-22 */
  B_ASN1_UTCTIME, B_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME,			       /* tags 23-24 */	
  B_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING,B_ASN1_ISO64STRING,B_ASN1_GENERALSTRING,  /* tags 25-27 */
  B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING,B_ASN1_UNKNOWN,B_ASN1_BMPSTRING,B_ASN1_UNKNOWN, /* tags 28-31 */
  	};
  
  unsigned long ASN1_tag2bit(int tag)
  	{
  	if ((tag < 0) || (tag > 30)) return 0;
  	return tag2bit[tag];
  	}
  
  /* Macro to initialize and invalidate the cache */
  
  #define asn1_tlc_clear(c)	if (c) (c)->valid = 0
  
  /* Decode an ASN1 item, this currently behaves just 
   * like a standard 'd2i' function. 'in' points to 
   * a buffer to read the data from, in future we will
   * have more advanced versions that can input data
   * a piece at a time and this will simply be a special
   * case.
   */
  
  ASN1_VALUE *ASN1_item_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **pval,
  		const unsigned char **in, long len, const ASN1_ITEM *it)
  	{
  	ASN1_TLC c;
  	ASN1_VALUE *ptmpval = NULL;
  	if (!pval)
  		pval = &ptmpval;
  	asn1_tlc_clear(&c);
  	if (ASN1_item_ex_d2i(pval, in, len, it, -1, 0, 0, &c) > 0) 
  		return *pval;
  	return NULL;
  	}
  
  int ASN1_template_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **pval,
  		const unsigned char **in, long len, const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt)
  	{
  	ASN1_TLC c;
  	asn1_tlc_clear(&c);
  	return asn1_template_ex_d2i(pval, in, len, tt, 0, &c);
  	}
  
  
  /* Decode an item, taking care of IMPLICIT tagging, if any.
   * If 'opt' set and tag mismatch return -1 to handle OPTIONAL
   */
  
  int ASN1_item_ex_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **pval, const unsigned char **in, long len,
  			const ASN1_ITEM *it,
  			int tag, int aclass, char opt, ASN1_TLC *ctx)
  	{
  	const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, *errtt = NULL;
  	const ASN1_COMPAT_FUNCS *cf;
  	const ASN1_EXTERN_FUNCS *ef;
  	const ASN1_AUX *aux = it->funcs;
  	ASN1_aux_cb *asn1_cb;
  	const unsigned char *p = NULL, *q;
  	unsigned char *wp=NULL;	/* BIG FAT WARNING!  BREAKS CONST WHERE USED */
  	unsigned char imphack = 0, oclass;
  	char seq_eoc, seq_nolen, cst, isopt;
  	long tmplen;
  	int i;
  	int otag;
  	int ret = 0;
  	ASN1_VALUE *pchval, **pchptr, *ptmpval;
  	if (!pval)
  		return 0;
  	if (aux && aux->asn1_cb)
  		asn1_cb = aux->asn1_cb;
  	else asn1_cb = 0;
  
  	switch(it->itype)
  		{
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE:
  		if (it->templates)
  			{
  			/* tagging or OPTIONAL is currently illegal on an item
  			 * template because the flags can't get passed down.
  			 * In practice this isn't a problem: we include the
  			 * relevant flags from the item template in the
  			 * template itself.
  			 */
  			if ((tag != -1) || opt)
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  				ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OPTIONS_ON_ITEM_TEMPLATE);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			return asn1_template_ex_d2i(pval, in, len,
  					it->templates, opt, ctx);
  		}
  		return asn1_d2i_ex_primitive(pval, in, len, it,
  						tag, aclass, opt, ctx);
  		break;
  
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_MSTRING:
  		p = *in;
  		/* Just read in tag and class */
  		ret = asn1_check_tlen(NULL, &otag, &oclass, NULL, NULL,
  						&p, len, -1, 0, 1, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		/* Must be UNIVERSAL class */
  		if (oclass != V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL)
  			{
  			/* If OPTIONAL, assume this is OK */
  			if (opt) return -1;
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ASN1_R_MSTRING_NOT_UNIVERSAL);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		/* Check tag matches bit map */
  		if (!(ASN1_tag2bit(otag) & it->utype))
  			{
  			/* If OPTIONAL, assume this is OK */
  			if (opt)
  				return -1;
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ASN1_R_MSTRING_WRONG_TAG);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		return asn1_d2i_ex_primitive(pval, in, len,
  						it, otag, 0, 0, ctx);
  
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_EXTERN:
  		/* Use new style d2i */
  		ef = it->funcs;
  		return ef->asn1_ex_d2i(pval, in, len,
  						it, tag, aclass, opt, ctx);
  
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_COMPAT:
  		/* we must resort to old style evil hackery */
  		cf = it->funcs;
  
  		/* If OPTIONAL see if it is there */
  		if (opt)
  			{
  			int exptag;
  			p = *in;
  			if (tag == -1)
  				exptag = it->utype;
  			else exptag = tag;
  			/* Don't care about anything other than presence
  			 * of expected tag */
  
  			ret = asn1_check_tlen(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
  					&p, len, exptag, aclass, 1, ctx);
  			if (!ret)
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			if (ret == -1)
  				return -1;
  			}
  
  		/* This is the old style evil hack IMPLICIT handling:
  		 * since the underlying code is expecting a tag and
  		 * class other than the one present we change the
  		 * buffer temporarily then change it back afterwards.
  		 * This doesn't and never did work for tags > 30.
  		 *
  		 * Yes this is *horrible* but it is only needed for
  		 * old style d2i which will hopefully not be around
  		 * for much longer.
  		 * FIXME: should copy the buffer then modify it so
  		 * the input buffer can be const: we should *always*
  		 * copy because the old style d2i might modify the
  		 * buffer.
  		 */
  
  		if (tag != -1)
  			{
  			wp = *(unsigned char **)in;
  			imphack = *wp;
  			if (p == NULL)
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			*wp = (unsigned char)((*p & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED)
  								| it->utype);
  			}
  
  		ptmpval = cf->asn1_d2i(pval, in, len);
  
  		if (tag != -1)
  			*wp = imphack;
  
  		if (ptmpval)
  			return 1;
  
  		ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I, ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  		goto err;
  
  
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_CHOICE:
  		if (asn1_cb && !asn1_cb(ASN1_OP_D2I_PRE, pval, it))
  				goto auxerr;
  
  		/* Allocate structure */
  		if (!*pval && !ASN1_item_ex_new(pval, it))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  						ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		/* CHOICE type, try each possibility in turn */
  		pchval = NULL;
  		p = *in;
  		for (i = 0, tt=it->templates; i < it->tcount; i++, tt++)
  			{
  			pchptr = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, tt);
  			/* We mark field as OPTIONAL so its absence
  			 * can be recognised.
  			 */
  			ret = asn1_template_ex_d2i(pchptr, &p, len, tt, 1, ctx);
  			/* If field not present, try the next one */
  			if (ret == -1)
  				continue;
  			/* If positive return, read OK, break loop */
  			if (ret > 0)
  				break;
  			/* Otherwise must be an ASN1 parsing error */
  			errtt = tt;
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  						ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		/* Did we fall off the end without reading anything? */
  		if (i == it->tcount)
  			{
  			/* If OPTIONAL, this is OK */
  			if (opt)
  				{
  				/* Free and zero it */
  				ASN1_item_ex_free(pval, it);
  				return -1;
  				}
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ASN1_R_NO_MATCHING_CHOICE_TYPE);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		asn1_set_choice_selector(pval, i, it);
  		*in = p;
  		if (asn1_cb && !asn1_cb(ASN1_OP_D2I_POST, pval, it))
  				goto auxerr;
  		return 1;
  
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_NDEF_SEQUENCE:
  		case ASN1_ITYPE_SEQUENCE:
  		p = *in;
  		tmplen = len;
  
  		/* If no IMPLICIT tagging set to SEQUENCE, UNIVERSAL */
  		if (tag == -1)
  			{
  			tag = V_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
  			aclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
  			}
  		/* Get SEQUENCE length and update len, p */
  		ret = asn1_check_tlen(&len, NULL, NULL, &seq_eoc, &cst,
  					&p, len, tag, aclass, opt, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		else if (ret == -1)
  			return -1;
  		if (aux && (aux->flags & ASN1_AFLG_BROKEN))
  			{
  			len = tmplen - (p - *in);
  			seq_nolen = 1;
  			}
  		/* If indefinite we don't do a length check */
  		else seq_nolen = seq_eoc;
  		if (!cst)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  				ASN1_R_SEQUENCE_NOT_CONSTRUCTED);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		if (!*pval && !ASN1_item_ex_new(pval, it))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  				ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		if (asn1_cb && !asn1_cb(ASN1_OP_D2I_PRE, pval, it))
  				goto auxerr;
  
  		/* Get each field entry */
  		for (i = 0, tt = it->templates; i < it->tcount; i++, tt++)
  			{
  			const ASN1_TEMPLATE *seqtt;
  			ASN1_VALUE **pseqval;
  			seqtt = asn1_do_adb(pval, tt, 1);
  			if (!seqtt)
  				goto err;
  			pseqval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, seqtt);
  			/* Have we ran out of data? */
  			if (!len)
  				break;
  			q = p;
  			if (asn1_check_eoc(&p, len))
  				{
  				if (!seq_eoc)
  					{
  					ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  							ASN1_R_UNEXPECTED_EOC);
  					goto err;
  					}
  				len -= p - q;
  				seq_eoc = 0;
  				q = p;
  				break;
  				}
  			/* This determines the OPTIONAL flag value. The field
  			 * cannot be omitted if it is the last of a SEQUENCE
  			 * and there is still data to be read. This isn't
  			 * strictly necessary but it increases efficiency in
  			 * some cases.
  			 */
  			if (i == (it->tcount - 1))
  				isopt = 0;
  			else isopt = (char)(seqtt->flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL);
  			/* attempt to read in field, allowing each to be
  			 * OPTIONAL */
  
  			ret = asn1_template_ex_d2i(pseqval, &p, len,
  							seqtt, isopt, ctx);
  			if (!ret)
  				{
  				errtt = seqtt;
  				goto err;
  				}
  			else if (ret == -1)
  				{
  				/* OPTIONAL component absent.
  				 * Free and zero the field.
  				 */
  				ASN1_template_free(pseqval, seqtt);
  				continue;
  				}
  			/* Update length */
  			len -= p - q;
  			}
  
  		/* Check for EOC if expecting one */
  		if (seq_eoc && !asn1_check_eoc(&p, len))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I, ASN1_R_MISSING_EOC);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		/* Check all data read */
  		if (!seq_nolen && len)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  					ASN1_R_SEQUENCE_LENGTH_MISMATCH);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		/* If we get here we've got no more data in the SEQUENCE,
  		 * however we may not have read all fields so check all
  		 * remaining are OPTIONAL and clear any that are.
  		 */
  		for (; i < it->tcount; tt++, i++)
  			{
  			const ASN1_TEMPLATE *seqtt;
  			seqtt = asn1_do_adb(pval, tt, 1);
  			if (!seqtt)
  				goto err;
  			if (seqtt->flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL)
  				{
  				ASN1_VALUE **pseqval;
  				pseqval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, seqtt);
  				ASN1_template_free(pseqval, seqtt);
  				}
  			else
  				{
  				errtt = seqtt;
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I,
  							ASN1_R_FIELD_MISSING);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			}
  		/* Save encoding */
  		if (!asn1_enc_save(pval, *in, p - *in, it))
  			goto auxerr;
  		*in = p;
  		if (asn1_cb && !asn1_cb(ASN1_OP_D2I_POST, pval, it))
  				goto auxerr;
  		return 1;
  
  		default:
  		return 0;
  		}
  	auxerr:
  	ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I, ASN1_R_AUX_ERROR);
  	err:
  	ASN1_item_ex_free(pval, it);
  	if (errtt)
  		ERR_add_error_data(4, "Field=", errtt->field_name,
  					", Type=", it->sname);
  	else
  		ERR_add_error_data(2, "Type=", it->sname);
  	return 0;
  	}
  
  /* Templates are handled with two separate functions.
   * One handles any EXPLICIT tag and the other handles the rest.
   */
  
  static int asn1_template_ex_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **val,
  				const unsigned char **in, long inlen,
  				const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, char opt,
  							ASN1_TLC *ctx)
  	{
  	int flags, aclass;
  	int ret;
  	long len;
  	const unsigned char *p, *q;
  	char exp_eoc;
  	if (!val)
  		return 0;
  	flags = tt->flags;
  	aclass = flags & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS;
  
  	p = *in;
  
  	/* Check if EXPLICIT tag expected */
  	if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG)
  		{
  		char cst;
  		/* Need to work out amount of data available to the inner
  		 * content and where it starts: so read in EXPLICIT header to
  		 * get the info.
  		 */
  		ret = asn1_check_tlen(&len, NULL, NULL, &exp_eoc, &cst,
  					&p, inlen, tt->tag, aclass, opt, ctx);
  		q = p;
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_EX_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		else if (ret == -1)
  			return -1;
  		if (!cst)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_EX_D2I,
  					ASN1_R_EXPLICIT_TAG_NOT_CONSTRUCTED);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		/* We've found the field so it can't be OPTIONAL now */
  		ret = asn1_template_noexp_d2i(val, &p, len, tt, 0, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_EX_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		/* We read the field in OK so update length */
  		len -= p - q;
  		if (exp_eoc)
  			{
  			/* If NDEF we must have an EOC here */
  			if (!asn1_check_eoc(&p, len))
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_EX_D2I,
  						ASN1_R_MISSING_EOC);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			/* Otherwise we must hit the EXPLICIT tag end or its
  			 * an error */
  			if (len)
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_EX_D2I,
  					ASN1_R_EXPLICIT_LENGTH_MISMATCH);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			}
  		}
  		else 
  			return asn1_template_noexp_d2i(val, in, inlen,
  								tt, opt, ctx);
  
  	*in = p;
  	return 1;
  
  	err:
  	ASN1_template_free(val, tt);
  	*val = NULL;
  	return 0;
  	}
  
  static int asn1_template_noexp_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **val,
  				const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, char opt,
  				ASN1_TLC *ctx)
  	{
  	int flags, aclass;
  	int ret;
  	const unsigned char *p, *q;
  	if (!val)
  		return 0;
  	flags = tt->flags;
  	aclass = flags & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS;
  
  	p = *in;
  	q = p;
  
  	if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_SK_MASK)
  		{
  		/* SET OF, SEQUENCE OF */
  		int sktag, skaclass;
  		char sk_eoc;
  		/* First work out expected inner tag value */
  		if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_IMPTAG)
  			{
  			sktag = tt->tag;
  			skaclass = aclass;
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			skaclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
  			if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_SET_OF)
  				sktag = V_ASN1_SET;
  			else
  				sktag = V_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
  			}
  		/* Get the tag */
  		ret = asn1_check_tlen(&len, NULL, NULL, &sk_eoc, NULL,
  					&p, len, sktag, skaclass, opt, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  						ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		else if (ret == -1)
  			return -1;
  		if (!*val)
  			*val = (ASN1_VALUE *)sk_new_null();
  		else
  			{
  			/* We've got a valid STACK: free up any items present */
  			STACK *sktmp = (STACK *)*val;
  			ASN1_VALUE *vtmp;
  			while(sk_num(sktmp) > 0)
  				{
  				vtmp = (ASN1_VALUE *)sk_pop(sktmp);
  				ASN1_item_ex_free(&vtmp,
  						ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item));
  				}
  			}
  				
  		if (!*val)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  						ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
  			goto err;
  			}
  
  		/* Read as many items as we can */
  		while(len > 0)
  			{
  			ASN1_VALUE *skfield;
  			q = p;
  			/* See if EOC found */
  			if (asn1_check_eoc(&p, len))
  				{
  				if (!sk_eoc)
  					{
  					ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  							ASN1_R_UNEXPECTED_EOC);
  					goto err;
  					}
  				len -= p - q;
  				sk_eoc = 0;
  				break;
  				}
  			skfield = NULL;
  			if (!ASN1_item_ex_d2i(&skfield, &p, len,
  						ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item),
  						-1, 0, 0, ctx))
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			len -= p - q;
  			if (!sk_push((STACK *)*val, (char *)skfield))
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  						ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			}
  		if (sk_eoc)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I, ASN1_R_MISSING_EOC);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		}
  	else if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_IMPTAG)
  		{
  		/* IMPLICIT tagging */
  		ret = ASN1_item_ex_d2i(val, &p, len,
  			ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), tt->tag, aclass, opt, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  						ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		else if (ret == -1)
  			return -1;
  		}
  	else
  		{
  		/* Nothing special */
  		ret = ASN1_item_ex_d2i(val, &p, len, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item),
  							-1, 0, opt, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_TEMPLATE_NOEXP_D2I,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		else if (ret == -1)
  			return -1;
  		}
  
  	*in = p;
  	return 1;
  
  	err:
  	ASN1_template_free(val, tt);
  	*val = NULL;
  	return 0;
  	}
  
  static int asn1_d2i_ex_primitive(ASN1_VALUE **pval,
  				const unsigned char **in, long inlen, 
  				const ASN1_ITEM *it,
  				int tag, int aclass, char opt, ASN1_TLC *ctx)
  	{
  	int ret = 0, utype;
  	long plen;
  	char cst, inf, free_cont = 0;
  	const unsigned char *p;
  	BUF_MEM buf;
  	const unsigned char *cont = NULL;
  	long len; 
  	if (!pval)
  		{
  		ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE, ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_NULL);
  		return 0; /* Should never happen */
  		}
  
  	if (it->itype == ASN1_ITYPE_MSTRING)
  		{
  		utype = tag;
  		tag = -1;
  		}
  	else
  		utype = it->utype;
  
  	if (utype == V_ASN1_ANY)
  		{
  		/* If type is ANY need to figure out type from tag */
  		unsigned char oclass;
  		if (tag >= 0)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE,
  					ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_TAGGED_ANY);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		if (opt)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE,
  					ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OPTIONAL_ANY);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		p = *in;
  		ret = asn1_check_tlen(NULL, &utype, &oclass, NULL, NULL,
  					&p, inlen, -1, 0, 0, ctx);
  		if (!ret)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE,
  					ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		if (oclass != V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL)
  			utype = V_ASN1_OTHER;
  		}
  	if (tag == -1)
  		{
  		tag = utype;
  		aclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
  		}
  	p = *in;
  	/* Check header */
  	ret = asn1_check_tlen(&plen, NULL, NULL, &inf, &cst,
  				&p, inlen, tag, aclass, opt, ctx);
  	if (!ret)
  		{
  		ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE, ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  		return 0;
  		}
  	else if (ret == -1)
  		return -1;
          ret = 0;
  	/* SEQUENCE, SET and "OTHER" are left in encoded form */
  	if ((utype == V_ASN1_SEQUENCE)
  		|| (utype == V_ASN1_SET) || (utype == V_ASN1_OTHER))
  		{
  		/* Clear context cache for type OTHER because the auto clear
  		 * when we have a exact match wont work
  		 */
  		if (utype == V_ASN1_OTHER)
  			{
  			asn1_tlc_clear(ctx);
  			}
  		/* SEQUENCE and SET must be constructed */
  		else if (!cst)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE,
  				ASN1_R_TYPE_NOT_CONSTRUCTED);
  			return 0;
  			}
  
  		cont = *in;
  		/* If indefinite length constructed find the real end */
  		if (inf)
  			{
  			if (!asn1_find_end(&p, plen, inf))
  				 goto err;
  			len = p - cont;
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			len = p - cont + plen;
  			p += plen;
  			buf.data = NULL;
  			}
  		}
  	else if (cst)
  		{
  		buf.length = 0;
  		buf.max = 0;
  		buf.data = NULL;
  		/* Should really check the internal tags are correct but
  		 * some things may get this wrong. The relevant specs
  		 * say that constructed string types should be OCTET STRINGs
  		 * internally irrespective of the type. So instead just check
  		 * for UNIVERSAL class and ignore the tag.
  		 */
  		if (!asn1_collect(&buf, &p, plen, inf, -1, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL))
  			{
  			free_cont = 1;
  			goto err;
  			}
  		len = buf.length;
  		/* Append a final null to string */
  		if (!BUF_MEM_grow_clean(&buf, len + 1))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_D2I_EX_PRIMITIVE,
  						ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		buf.data[len] = 0;
  		cont = (const unsigned char *)buf.data;
  		free_cont = 1;
  		}
  	else
  		{
  		cont = p;
  		len = plen;
  		p += plen;
  		}
  
  	/* We now have content length and type: translate into a structure */
  	if (!asn1_ex_c2i(pval, cont, len, utype, &free_cont, it))
  		goto err;
  
  	*in = p;
  	ret = 1;
  	err:
  	if (free_cont && buf.data) OPENSSL_free(buf.data);
  	return ret;
  	}
  
  /* Translate ASN1 content octets into a structure */
  
  int asn1_ex_c2i(ASN1_VALUE **pval, const unsigned char *cont, int len,
  			int utype, char *free_cont, const ASN1_ITEM *it)
  	{
  	ASN1_VALUE **opval = NULL;
  	ASN1_STRING *stmp;
  	ASN1_TYPE *typ = NULL;
  	int ret = 0;
  	const ASN1_PRIMITIVE_FUNCS *pf;
  	ASN1_INTEGER **tint;
  	pf = it->funcs;
  
  	if (pf && pf->prim_c2i)
  		return pf->prim_c2i(pval, cont, len, utype, free_cont, it);
  	/* If ANY type clear type and set pointer to internal value */
  	if (it->utype == V_ASN1_ANY)
  		{
  		if (!*pval)
  			{
  			typ = ASN1_TYPE_new();
  			if (typ == NULL)
  				goto err;
  			*pval = (ASN1_VALUE *)typ;
  			}
  		else
  			typ = (ASN1_TYPE *)*pval;
  
  		if (utype != typ->type)
  			ASN1_TYPE_set(typ, utype, NULL);
  		opval = pval;
  		pval = (ASN1_VALUE **)&typ->value.ptr;
  		}
  	switch(utype)
  		{
  		case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
  		if (!c2i_ASN1_OBJECT((ASN1_OBJECT **)pval, &cont, len))
  			goto err;
  		break;
  
  		case V_ASN1_NULL:
  		if (len)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_EX_C2I,
  						ASN1_R_NULL_IS_WRONG_LENGTH);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		*pval = (ASN1_VALUE *)1;
  		break;
  
  		case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
  		if (len != 1)
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_EX_C2I,
  						ASN1_R_BOOLEAN_IS_WRONG_LENGTH);
  			goto err;
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			ASN1_BOOLEAN *tbool;
  			tbool = (ASN1_BOOLEAN *)pval;
  			*tbool = *cont;
  			}
  		break;
  
  		case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
  		if (!c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING((ASN1_BIT_STRING **)pval, &cont, len))
  			goto err;
  		break;
  
  		case V_ASN1_INTEGER:
  		case V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER:
  		case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED:
  		case V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED:
  		tint = (ASN1_INTEGER **)pval;
  		if (!c2i_ASN1_INTEGER(tint, &cont, len))
  			goto err;
  		/* Fixup type to match the expected form */
  		(*tint)->type = utype | ((*tint)->type & V_ASN1_NEG);
  		break;
  
  		case V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING:
  		case V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_T61STRING:
  		case V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_IA5STRING:
  		case V_ASN1_UTCTIME:
  		case V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME:
  		case V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_BMPSTRING:
  		case V_ASN1_UTF8STRING:
  		case V_ASN1_OTHER:
  		case V_ASN1_SET:
  		case V_ASN1_SEQUENCE:
  		default:
  		/* All based on ASN1_STRING and handled the same */
  		if (!*pval)
  			{
  			stmp = ASN1_STRING_type_new(utype);
  			if (!stmp)
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_EX_C2I,
  							ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
  				goto err;
  				}
  			*pval = (ASN1_VALUE *)stmp;
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			stmp = (ASN1_STRING *)*pval;
  			stmp->type = utype;
  			}
  		/* If we've already allocated a buffer use it */
  		if (*free_cont)
  			{
  			if (stmp->data)
  				OPENSSL_free(stmp->data);
  			stmp->data = (unsigned char *)cont; /* UGLY CAST! RL */
  			stmp->length = len;
  			*free_cont = 0;
  			}
  		else
  			{
  			if (!ASN1_STRING_set(stmp, cont, len))
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_EX_C2I,
  							ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
  				ASN1_STRING_free(stmp);	
  				*pval = NULL;
  				goto err;
  				}
  			}
  		break;
  		}
  	/* If ASN1_ANY and NULL type fix up value */
  	if (typ && (utype == V_ASN1_NULL))
  		 typ->value.ptr = NULL;
  
  	ret = 1;
  	err:
  	if (!ret)
  		{
  		ASN1_TYPE_free(typ);
  		if (opval)
  			*opval = NULL;
  		}
  	return ret;
  	}
  
  
  /* This function finds the end of an ASN1 structure when passed its maximum
   * length, whether it is indefinite length and a pointer to the content.
   * This is more efficient than calling asn1_collect because it does not
   * recurse on each indefinite length header.
   */
  
  static int asn1_find_end(const unsigned char **in, long len, char inf)
  	{
  	int expected_eoc;
  	long plen;
  	const unsigned char *p = *in, *q;
  	/* If not indefinite length constructed just add length */
  	if (inf == 0)
  		{
  		*in += len;
  		return 1;
  		}
  	expected_eoc = 1;
  	/* Indefinite length constructed form. Find the end when enough EOCs
  	 * are found. If more indefinite length constructed headers
  	 * are encountered increment the expected eoc count otherwise just
  	 * skip to the end of the data.
  	 */
  	while (len > 0)
  		{
  		if(asn1_check_eoc(&p, len))
  			{
  			expected_eoc--;
  			if (expected_eoc == 0)
  				break;
  			len -= 2;
  			continue;
  			}
  		q = p;
  		/* Just read in a header: only care about the length */
  		if(!asn1_check_tlen(&plen, NULL, NULL, &inf, NULL, &p, len,
  				-1, 0, 0, NULL))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_FIND_END, ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		if (inf)
  			expected_eoc++;
  		else
  			p += plen;
  		len -= p - q;
  		}
  	if (expected_eoc)
  		{
  		ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_FIND_END, ASN1_R_MISSING_EOC);
  		return 0;
  		}
  	*in = p;
  	return 1;
  	}
  /* This function collects the asn1 data from a constructred string
   * type into a buffer. The values of 'in' and 'len' should refer
   * to the contents of the constructed type and 'inf' should be set
   * if it is indefinite length.
   */
  
  static int asn1_collect(BUF_MEM *buf, const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				char inf, int tag, int aclass)
  	{
  	const unsigned char *p, *q;
  	long plen;
  	char cst, ininf;
  	p = *in;
  	inf &= 1;
  	/* If no buffer and not indefinite length constructed just pass over
  	 * the encoded data */
  	if (!buf && !inf)
  		{
  		*in += len;
  		return 1;
  		}
  	while(len > 0)
  		{
  		q = p;
  		/* Check for EOC */
  		if (asn1_check_eoc(&p, len))
  			{
  			/* EOC is illegal outside indefinite length
  			 * constructed form */
  			if (!inf)
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_COLLECT,
  					ASN1_R_UNEXPECTED_EOC);
  				return 0;
  				}
  			inf = 0;
  			break;
  			}
  
  		if (!asn1_check_tlen(&plen, NULL, NULL, &ininf, &cst, &p,
  					len, tag, aclass, 0, NULL))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_COLLECT, ERR_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR);
  			return 0;
  			}
  
  		/* If indefinite length constructed update max length */
  		if (cst)
  			{
  #ifdef OPENSSL_ALLOW_NESTED_ASN1_STRINGS
  			if (!asn1_collect(buf, &p, plen, ininf, tag, aclass))
  				return 0;
  #else
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_COLLECT, ASN1_R_NESTED_ASN1_STRING);
  			return 0;
  #endif
  			}
  		else if (plen && !collect_data(buf, &p, plen))
  			return 0;
  		len -= p - q;
  		}
  	if (inf)
  		{
  		ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_COLLECT, ASN1_R_MISSING_EOC);
  		return 0;
  		}
  	*in = p;
  	return 1;
  	}
  
  static int collect_data(BUF_MEM *buf, const unsigned char **p, long plen)
  	{
  	int len;
  	if (buf)
  		{
  		len = buf->length;
  		if (!BUF_MEM_grow_clean(buf, len + plen))
  			{
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_COLLECT_DATA, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		memcpy(buf->data + len, *p, plen);
  		}
  	*p += plen;
  	return 1;
  	}
  
  /* Check for ASN1 EOC and swallow it if found */
  
  static int asn1_check_eoc(const unsigned char **in, long len)
  	{
  	const unsigned char *p;
  	if (len < 2) return 0;
  	p = *in;
  	if (!p[0] && !p[1])
  		{
  		*in += 2;
  		return 1;
  		}
  	return 0;
  	}
  
  /* Check an ASN1 tag and length: a bit like ASN1_get_object
   * but it sets the length for indefinite length constructed
   * form, we don't know the exact length but we can set an
   * upper bound to the amount of data available minus the
   * header length just read.
   */
  
  static int asn1_check_tlen(long *olen, int *otag, unsigned char *oclass,
  				char *inf, char *cst,
  				const unsigned char **in, long len,
  				int exptag, int expclass, char opt,
  				ASN1_TLC *ctx)
  	{
  	int i;
  	int ptag, pclass;
  	long plen;
  	const unsigned char *p, *q;
  	p = *in;
  	q = p;
  
  	if (ctx && ctx->valid)
  		{
  		i = ctx->ret;
  		plen = ctx->plen;
  		pclass = ctx->pclass;
  		ptag = ctx->ptag;
  		p += ctx->hdrlen;
  		}
  	else
  		{
  		i = ASN1_get_object(&p, &plen, &ptag, &pclass, len);
  		if (ctx)
  			{
  			ctx->ret = i;
  			ctx->plen = plen;
  			ctx->pclass = pclass;
  			ctx->ptag = ptag;
  			ctx->hdrlen = p - q;
  			ctx->valid = 1;
  			/* If definite length, and no error, length +
  			 * header can't exceed total amount of data available. 
  			 */
  			if (!(i & 0x81) && ((plen + ctx->hdrlen) > len))
  				{
  				ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_CHECK_TLEN,
  							ASN1_R_TOO_LONG);
  				asn1_tlc_clear(ctx);
  				return 0;
  				}
  			}
  		}
  
  	if (i & 0x80)
  		{
  		ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_CHECK_TLEN, ASN1_R_BAD_OBJECT_HEADER);
  		asn1_tlc_clear(ctx);
  		return 0;
  		}
  	if (exptag >= 0)
  		{
  		if ((exptag != ptag) || (expclass != pclass))
  			{
  			/* If type is OPTIONAL, not an error:
  			 * indicate missing type.
  			 */
  			if (opt) return -1;
  			asn1_tlc_clear(ctx);
  			ASN1err(ASN1_F_ASN1_CHECK_TLEN, ASN1_R_WRONG_TAG);
  			return 0;
  			}
  		/* We have a tag and class match:
  		 * assume we are going to do something with it */
  		asn1_tlc_clear(ctx);
  		}
  
  	if (i & 1)
  		plen = len - (p - q);
  
  	if (inf)
  		*inf = i & 1;
  
  	if (cst)
  		*cst = i & V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED;
  
  	if (olen)
  		*olen = plen;
  
  	if (oclass)
  		*oclass = pclass;
  
  	if (otag)
  		*otag = ptag;
  
  	*in = p;
  	return 1;
  	}
  