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  # Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation
  # Copyright 2010 United States Government as represented by the
  # Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  # Copyright 2011 - 2012 Justin Santa Barbara
  # All Rights Reserved.
  #
  #    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
  #    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
  #    a copy of the License at
  #
  #         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  #    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  #    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
  #    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
  #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
  #    under the License.
  
  import calendar
  import grp
  import hashlib
  import json
  import os
  import pwd
  
  import passlib.hash
  
  from keystone.common import config
  from keystone.common import environment
  from keystone import exception
  from keystone.openstack.common import log as logging
  
  
  CONF = config.CONF
  
  LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  
  def read_cached_file(filename, cache_info, reload_func=None):
      """Read from a file if it has been modified.
  
      :param cache_info: dictionary to hold opaque cache.
      :param reload_func: optional function to be called with data when
                          file is reloaded due to a modification.
  
      :returns: data from file.
  
      """
      mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
      if not cache_info or mtime != cache_info.get('mtime'):
          with open(filename) as fap:
              cache_info['data'] = fap.read()
          cache_info['mtime'] = mtime
          if reload_func:
              reload_func(cache_info['data'])
      return cache_info['data']
  
  
  class SmarterEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
      """Help for JSON encoding dict-like objects."""
      def default(self, obj):
          if not isinstance(obj, dict) and hasattr(obj, 'iteritems'):
              return dict(obj.iteritems())
          return super(SmarterEncoder, self).default(obj)
  
  
  def trunc_password(password):
      """Truncate passwords to the max_length."""
      max_length = CONF.identity.max_password_length
      try:
          if len(password) > max_length:
              LOG.warning(
                  _('Truncating user password to %s characters.') % max_length)
          return password[:max_length]
      except TypeError:
          raise exception.ValidationError(attribute='string', target='password')
  
  
  def hash_access_key(access):
      hash_ = hashlib.sha256()
      hash_.update(access)
      return hash_.hexdigest()
  
  
  def hash_user_password(user):
      """Hash a user dict's password without modifying the passed-in dict."""
      try:
          password = user['password']
      except KeyError:
          return user
      else:
          return dict(user, password=hash_password(password))
  
  
  def hash_ldap_user_password(user):
      """Hash a user dict's password without modifying the passed-in dict."""
      try:
          password = user['password']
      except KeyError:
          return user
      else:
          return dict(user, password=ldap_hash_password(password))
  
  
  def hash_password(password):
      """Hash a password. Hard."""
      password_utf8 = trunc_password(password).encode('utf-8')
      if passlib.hash.sha512_crypt.identify(password_utf8):
          return password_utf8
      h = passlib.hash.sha512_crypt.encrypt(password_utf8,
                                            rounds=CONF.crypt_strength)
      return h
  
  
  def ldap_hash_password(password):
      """Hash a password. Hard."""
      password_utf8 = trunc_password(password).encode('utf-8')
      h = passlib.hash.ldap_salted_sha1.encrypt(password_utf8)
      return h
  
  
  def ldap_check_password(password, hashed):
      if password is None:
          return False
      password_utf8 = trunc_password(password).encode('utf-8')
      return passlib.hash.ldap_salted_sha1.verify(password_utf8, hashed)
  
  
  def check_password(password, hashed):
      """Check that a plaintext password matches hashed.
  
      hashpw returns the salt value concatenated with the actual hash value.
      It extracts the actual salt if this value is then passed as the salt.
  
      """
      if password is None or hashed is None:
          return False
      password_utf8 = trunc_password(password).encode('utf-8')
      return passlib.hash.sha512_crypt.verify(password_utf8, hashed)
  
  
  # From python 2.7
  def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
      r"""Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.
  
      If the exit code was non-zero it raises a CalledProcessError.  The
      CalledProcessError object will have the return code in the returncode
      attribute and output in the output attribute.
  
      The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
  
      >>> check_output(['ls', '-l', '/dev/null'])
      'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Oct 18  2007 /dev/null\n'
  
      The stdout argument is not allowed as it is used internally.
      To capture standard error in the result, use stderr=STDOUT.
  
      >>> import sys
      >>> check_output(['/bin/sh', '-c',
      ...               'ls -l non_existent_file ; exit 0'],
      ...              stderr=sys.STDOUT)
      'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'
      """
      if 'stdout' in kwargs:
          raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
      LOG.debug(' '.join(popenargs[0]))
      process = environment.subprocess.Popen(stdout=environment.subprocess.PIPE,
                                             *popenargs, **kwargs)
      output, unused_err = process.communicate()
      retcode = process.poll()
      if retcode:
          cmd = kwargs.get('args')
          if cmd is None:
              cmd = popenargs[0]
          raise environment.subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
      return output
  
  
  def get_blob_from_credential(credential):
      try:
          blob = json.loads(credential.blob)
      except (ValueError, TypeError):
          raise exception.ValidationError(
              message=_('Invalid blob in credential'))
      if not blob or not isinstance(blob, dict):
          raise exception.ValidationError(attribute='blob',
                                          target='credential')
      return blob
  
  
  def convert_ec2_to_v3_credential(ec2credential):
      blob = {'access': ec2credential.access,
              'secret': ec2credential.secret}
      return {'id': hash_access_key(ec2credential.access),
              'user_id': ec2credential.user_id,
              'project_id': ec2credential.tenant_id,
              'blob': json.dumps(blob),
              'type': 'ec2',
              'extra': json.dumps({})}
  
  
  def convert_v3_to_ec2_credential(credential):
      blob = get_blob_from_credential(credential)
      return {'access': blob.get('access'),
              'secret': blob.get('secret'),
              'user_id': credential.user_id,
              'tenant_id': credential.project_id,
              }
  
  
  def git(*args):
      return check_output(['git'] + list(args))
  
  
  def unixtime(dt_obj):
      """Format datetime object as unix timestamp
  
      :param dt_obj: datetime.datetime object
      :returns: float
  
      """
      return calendar.timegm(dt_obj.utctimetuple())
  
  
  def auth_str_equal(provided, known):
      """Constant-time string comparison.
  
      :params provided: the first string
      :params known: the second string
  
      :return: True if the strings are equal.
  
      This function takes two strings and compares them.  It is intended to be
      used when doing a comparison for authentication purposes to help guard
      against timing attacks.  When using the function for this purpose, always
      provide the user-provided password as the first argument.  The time this
      function will take is always a factor of the length of this string.
      """
      result = 0
      p_len = len(provided)
      k_len = len(known)
      for i in xrange(p_len):
          a = ord(provided[i]) if i < p_len else 0
          b = ord(known[i]) if i < k_len else 0
          result |= a ^ b
      return (p_len == k_len) & (result == 0)
  
  
  def setup_remote_pydev_debug():
      if CONF.pydev_debug_host and CONF.pydev_debug_port:
          try:
              try:
                  from pydev import pydevd
              except ImportError:
                  import pydevd
  
              pydevd.settrace(CONF.pydev_debug_host,
                              port=CONF.pydev_debug_port,
                              stdoutToServer=True,
                              stderrToServer=True)
              return True
          except Exception:
              LOG.exception(_(
                  'Error setting up the debug environment. Verify that the '
                  'option --debug-url has the format <host>:<port> and that a '
                  'debugger processes is listening on that port.'))
              raise
  
  
  class LimitingReader(object):
      """Reader to limit the size of an incoming request."""
      def __init__(self, data, limit):
          """Create an iterator on the underlying data.
  
          :param data: Underlying data object
          :param limit: maximum number of bytes the reader should allow
          """
          self.data = data
          self.limit = limit
          self.bytes_read = 0
  
      def __iter__(self):
          for chunk in self.data:
              self.bytes_read += len(chunk)
              if self.bytes_read > self.limit:
                  raise exception.RequestTooLarge()
              else:
                  yield chunk
  
      def read(self, i=None):
          # NOTE(jamielennox): We can't simply provide the default to the read()
          # call as the expected default differs between mod_wsgi and eventlet
          if i is None:
              result = self.data.read()
          else:
              result = self.data.read(i)
          self.bytes_read += len(result)
          if self.bytes_read > self.limit:
              raise exception.RequestTooLarge()
          return result
  
  
  def get_unix_user(user=None):
      '''Get the uid and user name.
  
      This is a convenience utility which accepts a variety of input
      which might represent a unix user. If successful it returns the uid
      and name. Valid input is:
  
      string
          A string is first considered to be a user name and a lookup is
          attempted under that name. If no name is found then an attempt
          is made to convert the string to an integer and perform a
          lookup as a uid.
  
      int
          An integer is interpretted as a uid.
  
      None
          None is interpreted to mean use the current process's
          effective user.
  
      If the input is a valid type but no user is found a KeyError is
      raised. If the input is not a valid type a TypeError is raised.
  
      :param object user: string, int or None specifying the user to
                          lookup.
  
      :return: tuple of (uid, name)
      '''
  
      if isinstance(user, basestring):
          try:
              user_info = pwd.getpwnam(user)
          except KeyError:
              try:
                  i = int(user)
              except ValueError:
                  raise KeyError("user name '%s' not found" % user)
              try:
                  user_info = pwd.getpwuid(i)
              except KeyError:
                  raise KeyError("user id %d not found" % i)
      elif isinstance(user, int):
          try:
              user_info = pwd.getpwuid(user)
          except KeyError:
              raise KeyError("user id %d not found" % user)
      elif user is None:
          user_info = pwd.getpwuid(os.geteuid())
      else:
          raise TypeError('user must be string, int or None; not %s (%r)' %
                          (user.__class__.__name__, user))
  
      return user_info.pw_uid, user_info.pw_name
  
  
  def get_unix_group(group=None):
      '''Get the gid and group name.
  
      This is a convenience utility which accepts a variety of input
      which might represent a unix group. If successful it returns the gid
      and name. Valid input is:
  
      string
          A string is first considered to be a group name and a lookup is
          attempted under that name. If no name is found then an attempt
          is made to convert the string to an integer and perform a
          lookup as a gid.
  
      int
          An integer is interpretted as a gid.
  
      None
          None is interpreted to mean use the current process's
          effective group.
  
      If the input is a valid type but no group is found a KeyError is
      raised. If the input is not a valid type a TypeError is raised.
  
  
      :param object group: string, int or None specifying the group to
                           lookup.
  
      :return: tuple of (gid, name)
      '''
  
      if isinstance(group, basestring):
          try:
              group_info = grp.getgrnam(group)
          except KeyError:
              # Was an int passed as a string?
              # Try converting to int and lookup by id instead.
              try:
                  i = int(group)
              except ValueError:
                  raise KeyError("group name '%s' not found" % group)
              try:
                  group_info = grp.getgrgid(i)
              except KeyError:
                  raise KeyError("group id %d not found" % i)
      elif isinstance(group, int):
          try:
              group_info = grp.getgrgid(group)
          except KeyError:
              raise KeyError("group id %d not found" % group)
      elif group is None:
          group_info = grp.getgrgid(os.getegid())
      else:
          raise TypeError('group must be string, int or None; not %s (%r)' %
                          (group.__class__.__name__, group))
  
      return group_info.gr_gid, group_info.gr_name
  
  
  def set_permissions(path, mode=None, user=None, group=None, log=None):
      '''Set the ownership and permissions on the pathname.
  
      Each of the mode, user and group are optional, if None then
      that aspect is not modified.
  
      Owner and group may be specified either with a symbolic name
      or numeric id.
  
      :param string path: Pathname of directory whose existence is assured.
      :param object mode: ownership permissions flags (int) i.e. chmod,
                          if None do not set.
      :param object user: set user, name (string) or uid (integer),
                           if None do not set.
      :param object group: set group, name (string) or gid (integer)
                           if None do not set.
      :param logger log: logging.logger object, used to emit log messages,
                         if None no logging is performed.
      '''
  
      if user is None:
          user_uid, user_name = None, None
      else:
          user_uid, user_name = get_unix_user(user)
  
      if group is None:
          group_gid, group_name = None, None
      else:
          group_gid, group_name = get_unix_group(group)
  
      if log:
          if mode is None:
              mode_string = str(mode)
          else:
              mode_string = oct(mode)
          log.debug("set_permissions: "
                    "path='%s' mode=%s user=%s(%s) group=%s(%s)",
                    path, mode_string,
                    user_name, user_uid, group_name, group_gid)
  
      # Change user and group if specified
      if user_uid is not None or group_gid is not None:
          if user_uid is None:
              user_uid = -1
          if group_gid is None:
              group_gid = -1
          try:
              os.chown(path, user_uid, group_gid)
          except OSError as exc:
              raise EnvironmentError("chown('%s', %s, %s): %s" %
                                     (path,
                                      user_name, group_name,
                                      exc.strerror))
  
      # Change permission flags
      if mode is not None:
          try:
              os.chmod(path, mode)
          except OSError as exc:
              raise EnvironmentError("chmod('%s', %#o): %s" %
                                     (path, mode, exc.strerror))
  
  
  def make_dirs(path, mode=None, user=None, group=None, log=None):
      '''Assure directory exists, set ownership and permissions.
  
      Assure the directory exists and optionally set it's ownership
      and permissions.
  
      Each of the mode, user and group are optional, if None then
      that aspect is not modified.
  
      Owner and group may be specified either with a symbolic name
      or numeric id.
  
      :param string path: Pathname of directory whose existence is assured.
      :param object mode: ownership permissions flags (int) i.e. chmod,
                          if None do not set.
      :param object user: set user, name (string) or uid (integer),
                          if None do not set.
      :param object group: set group, name (string) or gid (integer)
                           if None do not set.
      :param logger log: logging.logger object, used to emit log messages,
                         if None no logging is performed.
      '''
  
      if log:
          if mode is None:
              mode_string = str(mode)
          else:
              mode_string = oct(mode)
          log.debug("make_dirs path='%s' mode=%s user=%s group=%s",
                    path, mode_string, user, group)
  
      if not os.path.exists(path):
          try:
              os.makedirs(path)
          except OSError as exc:
              raise EnvironmentError("makedirs('%s'): %s" % (path, exc.strerror))
  
      set_permissions(path, mode, user, group, log)
  