text: /*
   * Copyright (C) 2011, Red Hat Inc, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
   *
   * Parts came from builtin-{top,stat,record}.c, see those files for further
   * copyright notes.
   *
   * Released under the GPL v2. (and only v2, not any later version)
   */
  
  #include <byteswap.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <inttypes.h>
  #include <linux/bitops.h>
  #include <api/fs/fs.h>
  #include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
  #include <traceevent/event-parse.h>
  #include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
  #include <linux/perf_event.h>
  #include <linux/compiler.h>
  #include <linux/err.h>
  #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  #include <sys/resource.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <dirent.h>
  #include "asm/bug.h"
  #include "callchain.h"
  #include "cgroup.h"
  #include "event.h"
  #include "evsel.h"
  #include "evlist.h"
  #include "util.h"
  #include "cpumap.h"
  #include "thread_map.h"
  #include "target.h"
  #include "perf_regs.h"
  #include "debug.h"
  #include "trace-event.h"
  #include "stat.h"
  #include "util/parse-branch-options.h"
  
  #include "sane_ctype.h"
  
  static struct {
  	bool sample_id_all;
  	bool exclude_guest;
  	bool mmap2;
  	bool cloexec;
  	bool clockid;
  	bool clockid_wrong;
  	bool lbr_flags;
  	bool write_backward;
  	bool group_read;
  } perf_missing_features;
  
  static clockid_t clockid;
  
  static int perf_evsel__no_extra_init(struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused)
  {
  	return 0;
  }
  
  void __weak test_attr__ready(void) { }
  
  static void perf_evsel__no_extra_fini(struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused)
  {
  }
  
  static struct {
  	size_t	size;
  	int	(*init)(struct perf_evsel *evsel);
  	void	(*fini)(struct perf_evsel *evsel);
  } perf_evsel__object = {
  	.size = sizeof(struct perf_evsel),
  	.init = perf_evsel__no_extra_init,
  	.fini = perf_evsel__no_extra_fini,
  };
  
  int perf_evsel__object_config(size_t object_size,
  			      int (*init)(struct perf_evsel *evsel),
  			      void (*fini)(struct perf_evsel *evsel))
  {
  
  	if (object_size == 0)
  		goto set_methods;
  
  	if (perf_evsel__object.size > object_size)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	perf_evsel__object.size = object_size;
  
  set_methods:
  	if (init != NULL)
  		perf_evsel__object.init = init;
  
  	if (fini != NULL)
  		perf_evsel__object.fini = fini;
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  #define FD(e, x, y) (*(int *)xyarray__entry(e->fd, x, y))
  
  int __perf_evsel__sample_size(u64 sample_type)
  {
  	u64 mask = sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_MASK;
  	int size = 0;
  	int i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
  		if (mask & (1ULL << i))
  			size++;
  	}
  
  	size *= sizeof(u64);
  
  	return size;
  }
  
  /**
   * __perf_evsel__calc_id_pos - calculate id_pos.
   * @sample_type: sample type
   *
   * This function returns the position of the event id (PERF_SAMPLE_ID or
   * PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER) in a sample event i.e. in the array of struct
   * sample_event.
   */
  static int __perf_evsel__calc_id_pos(u64 sample_type)
  {
  	int idx = 0;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER)
  		return 0;
  
  	if (!(sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID))
  		return -1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP)
  		idx += 1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID)
  		idx += 1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME)
  		idx += 1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR)
  		idx += 1;
  
  	return idx;
  }
  
  /**
   * __perf_evsel__calc_is_pos - calculate is_pos.
   * @sample_type: sample type
   *
   * This function returns the position (counting backwards) of the event id
   * (PERF_SAMPLE_ID or PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER) in a non-sample event i.e. if
   * sample_id_all is used there is an id sample appended to non-sample events.
   */
  static int __perf_evsel__calc_is_pos(u64 sample_type)
  {
  	int idx = 1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER)
  		return 1;
  
  	if (!(sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID))
  		return -1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU)
  		idx += 1;
  
  	if (sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID)
  		idx += 1;
  
  	return idx;
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__calc_id_pos(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	evsel->id_pos = __perf_evsel__calc_id_pos(evsel->attr.sample_type);
  	evsel->is_pos = __perf_evsel__calc_is_pos(evsel->attr.sample_type);
  }
  
  void __perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				  enum perf_event_sample_format bit)
  {
  	if (!(evsel->attr.sample_type & bit)) {
  		evsel->attr.sample_type |= bit;
  		evsel->sample_size += sizeof(u64);
  		perf_evsel__calc_id_pos(evsel);
  	}
  }
  
  void __perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				    enum perf_event_sample_format bit)
  {
  	if (evsel->attr.sample_type & bit) {
  		evsel->attr.sample_type &= ~bit;
  		evsel->sample_size -= sizeof(u64);
  		perf_evsel__calc_id_pos(evsel);
  	}
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__set_sample_id(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  			       bool can_sample_identifier)
  {
  	if (can_sample_identifier) {
  		perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, ID);
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, IDENTIFIER);
  	} else {
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, ID);
  	}
  	evsel->attr.read_format |= PERF_FORMAT_ID;
  }
  
  /**
   * perf_evsel__is_function_event - Return whether given evsel is a function
   * trace event
   *
   * @evsel - evsel selector to be tested
   *
   * Return %true if event is function trace event
   */
  bool perf_evsel__is_function_event(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  #define FUNCTION_EVENT "ftrace:function"
  
  	return evsel->name &&
  	       !strncmp(FUNCTION_EVENT, evsel->name, sizeof(FUNCTION_EVENT));
  
  #undef FUNCTION_EVENT
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__init(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  		      struct perf_event_attr *attr, int idx)
  {
  	evsel->idx	   = idx;
  	evsel->tracking	   = !idx;
  	evsel->attr	   = *attr;
  	evsel->leader	   = evsel;
  	evsel->unit	   = "";
  	evsel->scale	   = 1.0;
  	evsel->evlist	   = NULL;
  	evsel->bpf_fd	   = -1;
  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&evsel->node);
  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&evsel->config_terms);
  	perf_evsel__object.init(evsel);
  	evsel->sample_size = __perf_evsel__sample_size(attr->sample_type);
  	perf_evsel__calc_id_pos(evsel);
  	evsel->cmdline_group_boundary = false;
  	evsel->metric_expr   = NULL;
  	evsel->metric_name   = NULL;
  	evsel->metric_events = NULL;
  	evsel->collect_stat  = false;
  }
  
  struct perf_evsel *perf_evsel__new_idx(struct perf_event_attr *attr, int idx)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel *evsel = zalloc(perf_evsel__object.size);
  
  	if (!evsel)
  		return NULL;
  	perf_evsel__init(evsel, attr, idx);
  
  	if (perf_evsel__is_bpf_output(evsel)) {
  		evsel->attr.sample_type |= (PERF_SAMPLE_RAW | PERF_SAMPLE_TIME |
  					    PERF_SAMPLE_CPU | PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD),
  		evsel->attr.sample_period = 1;
  	}
  
  	return evsel;
  }
  
  static bool perf_event_can_profile_kernel(void)
  {
  	return geteuid() == 0 || perf_event_paranoid() == -1;
  }
  
  struct perf_evsel *perf_evsel__new_cycles(bool precise)
  {
  	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
  		.type	= PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
  		.config	= PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
  		.exclude_kernel	= !perf_event_can_profile_kernel(),
  	};
  	struct perf_evsel *evsel;
  
  	event_attr_init(&attr);
  
  	if (!precise)
  		goto new_event;
  	/*
  	 * Unnamed union member, not supported as struct member named
  	 * initializer in older compilers such as gcc 4.4.7
  	 *
  	 * Just for probing the precise_ip:
  	 */
  	attr.sample_period = 1;
  
  	perf_event_attr__set_max_precise_ip(&attr);
  	/*
  	 * Now let the usual logic to set up the perf_event_attr defaults
  	 * to kick in when we return and before perf_evsel__open() is called.
  	 */
  	attr.sample_period = 0;
  new_event:
  	evsel = perf_evsel__new(&attr);
  	if (evsel == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	/* use asprintf() because free(evsel) assumes name is allocated */
  	if (asprintf(&evsel->name, "cycles%s%s%.*s",
  		     (attr.precise_ip || attr.exclude_kernel) ? ":" : "",
  		     attr.exclude_kernel ? "u" : "",
  		     attr.precise_ip ? attr.precise_ip + 1 : 0, "ppp") < 0)
  		goto error_free;
  out:
  	return evsel;
  error_free:
  	perf_evsel__delete(evsel);
  	evsel = NULL;
  	goto out;
  }
  
  /*
   * Returns pointer with encoded error via <linux/err.h> interface.
   */
  struct perf_evsel *perf_evsel__newtp_idx(const char *sys, const char *name, int idx)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel *evsel = zalloc(perf_evsel__object.size);
  	int err = -ENOMEM;
  
  	if (evsel == NULL) {
  		goto out_err;
  	} else {
  		struct perf_event_attr attr = {
  			.type	       = PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT,
  			.sample_type   = (PERF_SAMPLE_RAW | PERF_SAMPLE_TIME |
  					  PERF_SAMPLE_CPU | PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD),
  		};
  
  		if (asprintf(&evsel->name, "%s:%s", sys, name) < 0)
  			goto out_free;
  
  		evsel->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format(sys, name);
  		if (IS_ERR(evsel->tp_format)) {
  			err = PTR_ERR(evsel->tp_format);
  			goto out_free;
  		}
  
  		event_attr_init(&attr);
  		attr.config = evsel->tp_format->id;
  		attr.sample_period = 1;
  		perf_evsel__init(evsel, &attr, idx);
  	}
  
  	return evsel;
  
  out_free:
  	zfree(&evsel->name);
  	free(evsel);
  out_err:
  	return ERR_PTR(err);
  }
  
  const char *perf_evsel__hw_names[PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX] = {
  	"cycles",
  	"instructions",
  	"cache-references",
  	"cache-misses",
  	"branches",
  	"branch-misses",
  	"bus-cycles",
  	"stalled-cycles-frontend",
  	"stalled-cycles-backend",
  	"ref-cycles",
  };
  
  static const char *__perf_evsel__hw_name(u64 config)
  {
  	if (config < PERF_COUNT_HW_MAX && perf_evsel__hw_names[config])
  		return perf_evsel__hw_names[config];
  
  	return "unknown-hardware";
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__add_modifiers(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	int colon = 0, r = 0;
  	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
  	bool exclude_guest_default = false;
  
  #define MOD_PRINT(context, mod)	do {					\
  		if (!attr->exclude_##context) {				\
  			if (!colon) colon = ++r;			\
  			r += scnprintf(bf + r, size - r, "%c", mod);	\
  		} } while(0)
  
  	if (attr->exclude_kernel || attr->exclude_user || attr->exclude_hv) {
  		MOD_PRINT(kernel, 'k');
  		MOD_PRINT(user, 'u');
  		MOD_PRINT(hv, 'h');
  		exclude_guest_default = true;
  	}
  
  	if (attr->precise_ip) {
  		if (!colon)
  			colon = ++r;
  		r += scnprintf(bf + r, size - r, "%.*s", attr->precise_ip, "ppp");
  		exclude_guest_default = true;
  	}
  
  	if (attr->exclude_host || attr->exclude_guest == exclude_guest_default) {
  		MOD_PRINT(host, 'H');
  		MOD_PRINT(guest, 'G');
  	}
  #undef MOD_PRINT
  	if (colon)
  		bf[colon - 1] = ':';
  	return r;
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__hw_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	int r = scnprintf(bf, size, "%s", __perf_evsel__hw_name(evsel->attr.config));
  	return r + perf_evsel__add_modifiers(evsel, bf + r, size - r);
  }
  
  const char *perf_evsel__sw_names[PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX] = {
  	"cpu-clock",
  	"task-clock",
  	"page-faults",
  	"context-switches",
  	"cpu-migrations",
  	"minor-faults",
  	"major-faults",
  	"alignment-faults",
  	"emulation-faults",
  	"dummy",
  };
  
  static const char *__perf_evsel__sw_name(u64 config)
  {
  	if (config < PERF_COUNT_SW_MAX && perf_evsel__sw_names[config])
  		return perf_evsel__sw_names[config];
  	return "unknown-software";
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__sw_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	int r = scnprintf(bf, size, "%s", __perf_evsel__sw_name(evsel->attr.config));
  	return r + perf_evsel__add_modifiers(evsel, bf + r, size - r);
  }
  
  static int __perf_evsel__bp_name(char *bf, size_t size, u64 addr, u64 type)
  {
  	int r;
  
  	r = scnprintf(bf, size, "mem:0x%" PRIx64 ":", addr);
  
  	if (type & HW_BREAKPOINT_R)
  		r += scnprintf(bf + r, size - r, "r");
  
  	if (type & HW_BREAKPOINT_W)
  		r += scnprintf(bf + r, size - r, "w");
  
  	if (type & HW_BREAKPOINT_X)
  		r += scnprintf(bf + r, size - r, "x");
  
  	return r;
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__bp_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
  	int r = __perf_evsel__bp_name(bf, size, attr->bp_addr, attr->bp_type);
  	return r + perf_evsel__add_modifiers(evsel, bf + r, size - r);
  }
  
  const char *perf_evsel__hw_cache[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX]
  				[PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES] = {
   { "L1-dcache",	"l1-d",		"l1d",		"L1-data",		},
   { "L1-icache",	"l1-i",		"l1i",		"L1-instruction",	},
   { "LLC",	"L2",							},
   { "dTLB",	"d-tlb",	"Data-TLB",				},
   { "iTLB",	"i-tlb",	"Instruction-TLB",			},
   { "branch",	"branches",	"bpu",		"btb",		"bpc",	},
   { "node",								},
  };
  
  const char *perf_evsel__hw_cache_op[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX]
  				   [PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES] = {
   { "load",	"loads",	"read",					},
   { "store",	"stores",	"write",				},
   { "prefetch",	"prefetches",	"speculative-read", "speculative-load",	},
  };
  
  const char *perf_evsel__hw_cache_result[PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX]
  				       [PERF_EVSEL__MAX_ALIASES] = {
   { "refs",	"Reference",	"ops",		"access",		},
   { "misses",	"miss",							},
  };
  
  #define C(x)		PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_##x
  #define CACHE_READ	(1 << C(OP_READ))
  #define CACHE_WRITE	(1 << C(OP_WRITE))
  #define CACHE_PREFETCH	(1 << C(OP_PREFETCH))
  #define COP(x)		(1 << x)
  
  /*
   * cache operartion stat
   * L1I : Read and prefetch only
   * ITLB and BPU : Read-only
   */
  static unsigned long perf_evsel__hw_cache_stat[C(MAX)] = {
   [C(L1D)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
   [C(L1I)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_PREFETCH),
   [C(LL)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
   [C(DTLB)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
   [C(ITLB)]	= (CACHE_READ),
   [C(BPU)]	= (CACHE_READ),
   [C(NODE)]	= (CACHE_READ | CACHE_WRITE | CACHE_PREFETCH),
  };
  
  bool perf_evsel__is_cache_op_valid(u8 type, u8 op)
  {
  	if (perf_evsel__hw_cache_stat[type] & COP(op))
  		return true;	/* valid */
  	else
  		return false;	/* invalid */
  }
  
  int __perf_evsel__hw_cache_type_op_res_name(u8 type, u8 op, u8 result,
  					    char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	if (result) {
  		return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s-%s-%s", perf_evsel__hw_cache[type][0],
  				 perf_evsel__hw_cache_op[op][0],
  				 perf_evsel__hw_cache_result[result][0]);
  	}
  
  	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s-%s", perf_evsel__hw_cache[type][0],
  			 perf_evsel__hw_cache_op[op][1]);
  }
  
  static int __perf_evsel__hw_cache_name(u64 config, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	u8 op, result, type = (config >>  0) & 0xff;
  	const char *err = "unknown-ext-hardware-cache-type";
  
  	if (type >= PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MAX)
  		goto out_err;
  
  	op = (config >>  8) & 0xff;
  	err = "unknown-ext-hardware-cache-op";
  	if (op >= PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_MAX)
  		goto out_err;
  
  	result = (config >> 16) & 0xff;
  	err = "unknown-ext-hardware-cache-result";
  	if (result >= PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MAX)
  		goto out_err;
  
  	err = "invalid-cache";
  	if (!perf_evsel__is_cache_op_valid(type, op))
  		goto out_err;
  
  	return __perf_evsel__hw_cache_type_op_res_name(type, op, result, bf, size);
  out_err:
  	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s", err);
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__hw_cache_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	int ret = __perf_evsel__hw_cache_name(evsel->attr.config, bf, size);
  	return ret + perf_evsel__add_modifiers(evsel, bf + ret, size - ret);
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__raw_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *bf, size_t size)
  {
  	int ret = scnprintf(bf, size, "raw 0x%" PRIx64, evsel->attr.config);
  	return ret + perf_evsel__add_modifiers(evsel, bf + ret, size - ret);
  }
  
  const char *perf_evsel__name(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	char bf[128];
  
  	if (evsel->name)
  		return evsel->name;
  
  	switch (evsel->attr.type) {
  	case PERF_TYPE_RAW:
  		perf_evsel__raw_name(evsel, bf, sizeof(bf));
  		break;
  
  	case PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE:
  		perf_evsel__hw_name(evsel, bf, sizeof(bf));
  		break;
  
  	case PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE:
  		perf_evsel__hw_cache_name(evsel, bf, sizeof(bf));
  		break;
  
  	case PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE:
  		perf_evsel__sw_name(evsel, bf, sizeof(bf));
  		break;
  
  	case PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT:
  		scnprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), "%s", "unknown tracepoint");
  		break;
  
  	case PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT:
  		perf_evsel__bp_name(evsel, bf, sizeof(bf));
  		break;
  
  	default:
  		scnprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), "unknown attr type: %d",
  			  evsel->attr.type);
  		break;
  	}
  
  	evsel->name = strdup(bf);
  
  	return evsel->name ?: "unknown";
  }
  
  const char *perf_evsel__group_name(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	return evsel->group_name ?: "anon group";
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__group_desc(struct perf_evsel *evsel, char *buf, size_t size)
  {
  	int ret;
  	struct perf_evsel *pos;
  	const char *group_name = perf_evsel__group_name(evsel);
  
  	ret = scnprintf(buf, size, "%s", group_name);
  
  	ret += scnprintf(buf + ret, size - ret, " { %s",
  			 perf_evsel__name(evsel));
  
  	for_each_group_member(pos, evsel)
  		ret += scnprintf(buf + ret, size - ret, ", %s",
  				 perf_evsel__name(pos));
  
  	ret += scnprintf(buf + ret, size - ret, " }");
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__config_callchain(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				  struct record_opts *opts,
  				  struct callchain_param *param)
  {
  	bool function = perf_evsel__is_function_event(evsel);
  	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
  
  	perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, CALLCHAIN);
  
  	attr->sample_max_stack = param->max_stack;
  
  	if (param->record_mode == CALLCHAIN_LBR) {
  		if (!opts->branch_stack) {
  			if (attr->exclude_user) {
  				pr_warning("LBR callstack option is only available "
  					   "to get user callchain information. "
  					   "Falling back to framepointers.\n");
  			} else {
  				perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, BRANCH_STACK);
  				attr->branch_sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER |
  							PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK |
  							PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_CYCLES |
  							PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_FLAGS;
  			}
  		} else
  			 pr_warning("Cannot use LBR callstack with branch stack. "
  				    "Falling back to framepointers.\n");
  	}
  
  	if (param->record_mode == CALLCHAIN_DWARF) {
  		if (!function) {
  			perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, REGS_USER);
  			perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, STACK_USER);
  			attr->sample_regs_user = PERF_REGS_MASK;
  			attr->sample_stack_user = param->dump_size;
  			attr->exclude_callchain_user = 1;
  		} else {
  			pr_info("Cannot use DWARF unwind for function trace event,"
  				" falling back to framepointers.\n");
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (function) {
  		pr_info("Disabling user space callchains for function trace event.\n");
  		attr->exclude_callchain_user = 1;
  	}
  }
  
  static void
  perf_evsel__reset_callgraph(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  			    struct callchain_param *param)
  {
  	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
  
  	perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, CALLCHAIN);
  	if (param->record_mode == CALLCHAIN_LBR) {
  		perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, BRANCH_STACK);
  		attr->branch_sample_type &= ~(PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER |
  					      PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK);
  	}
  	if (param->record_mode == CALLCHAIN_DWARF) {
  		perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, REGS_USER);
  		perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, STACK_USER);
  	}
  }
  
  static void apply_config_terms(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  			       struct record_opts *opts)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel_config_term *term;
  	struct list_head *config_terms = &evsel->config_terms;
  	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
  	/* callgraph default */
  	struct callchain_param param = {
  		.record_mode = callchain_param.record_mode,
  	};
  	u32 dump_size = 0;
  	int max_stack = 0;
  	const char *callgraph_buf = NULL;
  
  	list_for_each_entry(term, config_terms, list) {
  		switch (term->type) {
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_PERIOD:
  			if (!(term->weak && opts->user_interval != ULLONG_MAX)) {
  				attr->sample_period = term->val.period;
  				attr->freq = 0;
  				perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, PERIOD);
  			}
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_FREQ:
  			if (!(term->weak && opts->user_freq != UINT_MAX)) {
  				attr->sample_freq = term->val.freq;
  				attr->freq = 1;
  				perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, PERIOD);
  			}
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_TIME:
  			if (term->val.time)
  				perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, TIME);
  			else
  				perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, TIME);
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_CALLGRAPH:
  			callgraph_buf = term->val.callgraph;
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_BRANCH:
  			if (term->val.branch && strcmp(term->val.branch, "no")) {
  				perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, BRANCH_STACK);
  				parse_branch_str(term->val.branch,
  						 &attr->branch_sample_type);
  			} else
  				perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, BRANCH_STACK);
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_STACK_USER:
  			dump_size = term->val.stack_user;
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_MAX_STACK:
  			max_stack = term->val.max_stack;
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_INHERIT:
  			/*
  			 * attr->inherit should has already been set by
  			 * perf_evsel__config. If user explicitly set
  			 * inherit using config terms, override global
  			 * opt->no_inherit setting.
  			 */
  			attr->inherit = term->val.inherit ? 1 : 0;
  			break;
  		case PERF_EVSEL__CONFIG_TERM_OVERWRITE:
  			attr->write_backward = term->val.overwrite ? 1 : 0;
  			break;
  		default:
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* User explicitly set per-event callgraph, clear the old setting and reset. */
  	if ((callgraph_buf != NULL) || (dump_size > 0) || max_stack) {
  		if (max_stack) {
  			param.max_stack = max_stack;
  			if (callgraph_buf == NULL)
  				callgraph_buf = "fp";
  		}
  
  		/* parse callgraph parameters */
  		if (callgraph_buf != NULL) {
  			if (!strcmp(callgraph_buf, "no")) {
  				param.enabled = false;
  				param.record_mode = CALLCHAIN_NONE;
  			} else {
  				param.enabled = true;
  				if (parse_callchain_record(callgraph_buf, &param)) {
  					pr_err("per-event callgraph setting for %s failed. "
  					       "Apply callgraph global setting for it\n",
  					       evsel->name);
  					return;
  				}
  			}
  		}
  		if (dump_size > 0) {
  			dump_size = round_up(dump_size, sizeof(u64));
  			param.dump_size = dump_size;
  		}
  
  		/* If global callgraph set, clear it */
  		if (callchain_param.enabled)
  			perf_evsel__reset_callgraph(evsel, &callchain_param);
  
  		/* set perf-event callgraph */
  		if (param.enabled)
  			perf_evsel__config_callchain(evsel, opts, &param);
  	}
  }
  
  static bool is_dummy_event(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	return (evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE) &&
  	       (evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY);
  }
  
  /*
   * The enable_on_exec/disabled value strategy:
   *
   *  1) For any type of traced program:
   *    - all independent events and group leaders are disabled
   *    - all group members are enabled
   *
   *     Group members are ruled by group leaders. They need to
   *     be enabled, because the group scheduling relies on that.
   *
   *  2) For traced programs executed by perf:
   *     - all independent events and group leaders have
   *       enable_on_exec set
   *     - we don't specifically enable or disable any event during
   *       the record command
   *
   *     Independent events and group leaders are initially disabled
   *     and get enabled by exec. Group members are ruled by group
   *     leaders as stated in 1).
   *
   *  3) For traced programs attached by perf (pid/tid):
   *     - we specifically enable or disable all events during
   *       the record command
   *
   *     When attaching events to already running traced we
   *     enable/disable events specifically, as there's no
   *     initial traced exec call.
   */
  void perf_evsel__config(struct perf_evsel *evsel, struct record_opts *opts,
  			struct callchain_param *callchain)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel *leader = evsel->leader;
  	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
  	int track = evsel->tracking;
  	bool per_cpu = opts->target.default_per_cpu && !opts->target.per_thread;
  
  	attr->sample_id_all = perf_missing_features.sample_id_all ? 0 : 1;
  	attr->inherit	    = !opts->no_inherit;
  	attr->write_backward = opts->overwrite ? 1 : 0;
  
  	perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, IP);
  	perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, TID);
  
  	if (evsel->sample_read) {
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, READ);
  
  		/*
  		 * We need ID even in case of single event, because
  		 * PERF_SAMPLE_READ process ID specific data.
  		 */
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_id(evsel, false);
  
  		/*
  		 * Apply group format only if we belong to group
  		 * with more than one members.
  		 */
  		if (leader->nr_members > 1) {
  			attr->read_format |= PERF_FORMAT_GROUP;
  			attr->inherit = 0;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * We default some events to have a default interval. But keep
  	 * it a weak assumption overridable by the user.
  	 */
  	if (!attr->sample_period || (opts->user_freq != UINT_MAX ||
  				     opts->user_interval != ULLONG_MAX)) {
  		if (opts->freq) {
  			perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, PERIOD);
  			attr->freq		= 1;
  			attr->sample_freq	= opts->freq;
  		} else {
  			attr->sample_period = opts->default_interval;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Disable sampling for all group members other
  	 * than leader in case leader 'leads' the sampling.
  	 */
  	if ((leader != evsel) && leader->sample_read) {
  		attr->sample_freq   = 0;
  		attr->sample_period = 0;
  	}
  
  	if (opts->no_samples)
  		attr->sample_freq = 0;
  
  	if (opts->inherit_stat) {
  		evsel->attr.read_format |=
  			PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED |
  			PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING |
  			PERF_FORMAT_ID;
  		attr->inherit_stat = 1;
  	}
  
  	if (opts->sample_address) {
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, ADDR);
  		attr->mmap_data = track;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * We don't allow user space callchains for  function trace
  	 * event, due to issues with page faults while tracing page
  	 * fault handler and its overall trickiness nature.
  	 */
  	if (perf_evsel__is_function_event(evsel))
  		evsel->attr.exclude_callchain_user = 1;
  
  	if (callchain && callchain->enabled && !evsel->no_aux_samples)
  		perf_evsel__config_callchain(evsel, opts, callchain);
  
  	if (opts->sample_intr_regs) {
  		attr->sample_regs_intr = opts->sample_intr_regs;
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, REGS_INTR);
  	}
  
  	if (target__has_cpu(&opts->target) || opts->sample_cpu)
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, CPU);
  
  	/*
  	 * When the user explicitly disabled time don't force it here.
  	 */
  	if (opts->sample_time &&
  	    (!perf_missing_features.sample_id_all &&
  	    (!opts->no_inherit || target__has_cpu(&opts->target) || per_cpu ||
  	     opts->sample_time_set)))
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, TIME);
  
  	if (opts->raw_samples && !evsel->no_aux_samples) {
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, TIME);
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, RAW);
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, CPU);
  	}
  
  	if (opts->sample_address)
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, DATA_SRC);
  
  	if (opts->sample_phys_addr)
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, PHYS_ADDR);
  
  	if (opts->no_buffering) {
  		attr->watermark = 0;
  		attr->wakeup_events = 1;
  	}
  	if (opts->branch_stack && !evsel->no_aux_samples) {
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, BRANCH_STACK);
  		attr->branch_sample_type = opts->branch_stack;
  	}
  
  	if (opts->sample_weight)
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, WEIGHT);
  
  	attr->task  = track;
  	attr->mmap  = track;
  	attr->mmap2 = track && !perf_missing_features.mmap2;
  	attr->comm  = track;
  
  	if (opts->record_namespaces)
  		attr->namespaces  = track;
  
  	if (opts->record_switch_events)
  		attr->context_switch = track;
  
  	if (opts->sample_transaction)
  		perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, TRANSACTION);
  
  	if (opts->running_time) {
  		evsel->attr.read_format |=
  			PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED |
  			PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * XXX see the function comment above
  	 *
  	 * Disabling only independent events or group leaders,
  	 * keeping group members enabled.
  	 */
  	if (perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel))
  		attr->disabled = 1;
  
  	/*
  	 * Setting enable_on_exec for independent events and
  	 * group leaders for traced executed by perf.
  	 */
  	if (target__none(&opts->target) && perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel) &&
  		!opts->initial_delay)
  		attr->enable_on_exec = 1;
  
  	if (evsel->immediate) {
  		attr->disabled = 0;
  		attr->enable_on_exec = 0;
  	}
  
  	clockid = opts->clockid;
  	if (opts->use_clockid) {
  		attr->use_clockid = 1;
  		attr->clockid = opts->clockid;
  	}
  
  	if (evsel->precise_max)
  		perf_event_attr__set_max_precise_ip(attr);
  
  	if (opts->all_user) {
  		attr->exclude_kernel = 1;
  		attr->exclude_user   = 0;
  	}
  
  	if (opts->all_kernel) {
  		attr->exclude_kernel = 0;
  		attr->exclude_user   = 1;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Apply event specific term settings,
  	 * it overloads any global configuration.
  	 */
  	apply_config_terms(evsel, opts);
  
  	evsel->ignore_missing_thread = opts->ignore_missing_thread;
  
  	/* The --period option takes the precedence. */
  	if (opts->period_set) {
  		if (opts->period)
  			perf_evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, PERIOD);
  		else
  			perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, PERIOD);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * For initial_delay, a dummy event is added implicitly.
  	 * The software event will trigger -EOPNOTSUPP error out,
  	 * if BRANCH_STACK bit is set.
  	 */
  	if (opts->initial_delay && is_dummy_event(evsel))
  		perf_evsel__reset_sample_bit(evsel, BRANCH_STACK);
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__alloc_fd(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int ncpus, int nthreads)
  {
  	if (evsel->system_wide)
  		nthreads = 1;
  
  	evsel->fd = xyarray__new(ncpus, nthreads, sizeof(int));
  
  	if (evsel->fd) {
  		int cpu, thread;
  		for (cpu = 0; cpu < ncpus; cpu++) {
  			for (thread = 0; thread < nthreads; thread++) {
  				FD(evsel, cpu, thread) = -1;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	return evsel->fd != NULL ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__run_ioctl(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  			  int ioc,  void *arg)
  {
  	int cpu, thread;
  
  	for (cpu = 0; cpu < xyarray__max_x(evsel->fd); cpu++) {
  		for (thread = 0; thread < xyarray__max_y(evsel->fd); thread++) {
  			int fd = FD(evsel, cpu, thread),
  			    err = ioctl(fd, ioc, arg);
  
  			if (err)
  				return err;
  		}
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__apply_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const char *filter)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__run_ioctl(evsel,
  				     PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER,
  				     (void *)filter);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__set_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const char *filter)
  {
  	char *new_filter = strdup(filter);
  
  	if (new_filter != NULL) {
  		free(evsel->filter);
  		evsel->filter = new_filter;
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return -1;
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__append_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				     const char *fmt, const char *filter)
  {
  	char *new_filter;
  
  	if (evsel->filter == NULL)
  		return perf_evsel__set_filter(evsel, filter);
  
  	if (asprintf(&new_filter, fmt, evsel->filter, filter) > 0) {
  		free(evsel->filter);
  		evsel->filter = new_filter;
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return -1;
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__append_tp_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const char *filter)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__append_filter(evsel, "(%s) && (%s)", filter);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__append_addr_filter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const char *filter)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__append_filter(evsel, "%s,%s", filter);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__enable(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__run_ioctl(evsel,
  				     PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE,
  				     0);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__disable(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__run_ioctl(evsel,
  				     PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE,
  				     0);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__alloc_id(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int ncpus, int nthreads)
  {
  	if (ncpus == 0 || nthreads == 0)
  		return 0;
  
  	if (evsel->system_wide)
  		nthreads = 1;
  
  	evsel->sample_id = xyarray__new(ncpus, nthreads, sizeof(struct perf_sample_id));
  	if (evsel->sample_id == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	evsel->id = zalloc(ncpus * nthreads * sizeof(u64));
  	if (evsel->id == NULL) {
  		xyarray__delete(evsel->sample_id);
  		evsel->sample_id = NULL;
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static void perf_evsel__free_fd(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	xyarray__delete(evsel->fd);
  	evsel->fd = NULL;
  }
  
  static void perf_evsel__free_id(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	xyarray__delete(evsel->sample_id);
  	evsel->sample_id = NULL;
  	zfree(&evsel->id);
  }
  
  static void perf_evsel__free_config_terms(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel_config_term *term, *h;
  
  	list_for_each_entry_safe(term, h, &evsel->config_terms, list) {
  		list_del(&term->list);
  		free(term);
  	}
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__close_fd(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	int cpu, thread;
  
  	for (cpu = 0; cpu < xyarray__max_x(evsel->fd); cpu++)
  		for (thread = 0; thread < xyarray__max_y(evsel->fd); ++thread) {
  			close(FD(evsel, cpu, thread));
  			FD(evsel, cpu, thread) = -1;
  		}
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__exit(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	assert(list_empty(&evsel->node));
  	assert(evsel->evlist == NULL);
  	perf_evsel__free_fd(evsel);
  	perf_evsel__free_id(evsel);
  	perf_evsel__free_config_terms(evsel);
  	close_cgroup(evsel->cgrp);
  	cpu_map__put(evsel->cpus);
  	cpu_map__put(evsel->own_cpus);
  	thread_map__put(evsel->threads);
  	zfree(&evsel->group_name);
  	zfree(&evsel->name);
  	perf_evsel__object.fini(evsel);
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__delete(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	perf_evsel__exit(evsel);
  	free(evsel);
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__compute_deltas(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int cpu, int thread,
  				struct perf_counts_values *count)
  {
  	struct perf_counts_values tmp;
  
  	if (!evsel->prev_raw_counts)
  		return;
  
  	if (cpu == -1) {
  		tmp = evsel->prev_raw_counts->aggr;
  		evsel->prev_raw_counts->aggr = *count;
  	} else {
  		tmp = *perf_counts(evsel->prev_raw_counts, cpu, thread);
  		*perf_counts(evsel->prev_raw_counts, cpu, thread) = *count;
  	}
  
  	count->val = count->val - tmp.val;
  	count->ena = count->ena - tmp.ena;
  	count->run = count->run - tmp.run;
  }
  
  void perf_counts_values__scale(struct perf_counts_values *count,
  			       bool scale, s8 *pscaled)
  {
  	s8 scaled = 0;
  
  	if (scale) {
  		if (count->run == 0) {
  			scaled = -1;
  			count->val = 0;
  		} else if (count->run < count->ena) {
  			scaled = 1;
  			count->val = (u64)((double) count->val * count->ena / count->run + 0.5);
  		}
  	} else
  		count->ena = count->run = 0;
  
  	if (pscaled)
  		*pscaled = scaled;
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__read_size(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	u64 read_format = evsel->attr.read_format;
  	int entry = sizeof(u64); /* value */
  	int size = 0;
  	int nr = 1;
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED)
  		size += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING)
  		size += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_ID)
  		entry += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP) {
  		nr = evsel->nr_members;
  		size += sizeof(u64);
  	}
  
  	size += entry * nr;
  	return size;
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__read(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int cpu, int thread,
  		     struct perf_counts_values *count)
  {
  	size_t size = perf_evsel__read_size(evsel);
  
  	memset(count, 0, sizeof(*count));
  
  	if (FD(evsel, cpu, thread) < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (readn(FD(evsel, cpu, thread), count->values, size) <= 0)
  		return -errno;
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int
  perf_evsel__read_one(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int cpu, int thread)
  {
  	struct perf_counts_values *count = perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, thread);
  
  	return perf_evsel__read(evsel, cpu, thread, count);
  }
  
  static void
  perf_evsel__set_count(struct perf_evsel *counter, int cpu, int thread,
  		      u64 val, u64 ena, u64 run)
  {
  	struct perf_counts_values *count;
  
  	count = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread);
  
  	count->val    = val;
  	count->ena    = ena;
  	count->run    = run;
  	count->loaded = true;
  }
  
  static int
  perf_evsel__process_group_data(struct perf_evsel *leader,
  			       int cpu, int thread, u64 *data)
  {
  	u64 read_format = leader->attr.read_format;
  	struct sample_read_value *v;
  	u64 nr, ena = 0, run = 0, i;
  
  	nr = *data++;
  
  	if (nr != (u64) leader->nr_members)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED)
  		ena = *data++;
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING)
  		run = *data++;
  
  	v = (struct sample_read_value *) data;
  
  	perf_evsel__set_count(leader, cpu, thread,
  			      v[0].value, ena, run);
  
  	for (i = 1; i < nr; i++) {
  		struct perf_evsel *counter;
  
  		counter = perf_evlist__id2evsel(leader->evlist, v[i].id);
  		if (!counter)
  			return -EINVAL;
  
  		perf_evsel__set_count(counter, cpu, thread,
  				      v[i].value, ena, run);
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int
  perf_evsel__read_group(struct perf_evsel *leader, int cpu, int thread)
  {
  	struct perf_stat_evsel *ps = leader->priv;
  	u64 read_format = leader->attr.read_format;
  	int size = perf_evsel__read_size(leader);
  	u64 *data = ps->group_data;
  
  	if (!(read_format & PERF_FORMAT_ID))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (!perf_evsel__is_group_leader(leader))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (!data) {
  		data = zalloc(size);
  		if (!data)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  
  		ps->group_data = data;
  	}
  
  	if (FD(leader, cpu, thread) < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (readn(FD(leader, cpu, thread), data, size) <= 0)
  		return -errno;
  
  	return perf_evsel__process_group_data(leader, cpu, thread, data);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__read_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int cpu, int thread)
  {
  	u64 read_format = evsel->attr.read_format;
  
  	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP)
  		return perf_evsel__read_group(evsel, cpu, thread);
  	else
  		return perf_evsel__read_one(evsel, cpu, thread);
  }
  
  int __perf_evsel__read_on_cpu(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  			      int cpu, int thread, bool scale)
  {
  	struct perf_counts_values count;
  	size_t nv = scale ? 3 : 1;
  
  	if (FD(evsel, cpu, thread) < 0)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (evsel->counts == NULL && perf_evsel__alloc_counts(evsel, cpu + 1, thread + 1) < 0)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	if (readn(FD(evsel, cpu, thread), &count, nv * sizeof(u64)) <= 0)
  		return -errno;
  
  	perf_evsel__compute_deltas(evsel, cpu, thread, &count);
  	perf_counts_values__scale(&count, scale, NULL);
  	*perf_counts(evsel->counts, cpu, thread) = count;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int get_group_fd(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int cpu, int thread)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel *leader = evsel->leader;
  	int fd;
  
  	if (perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel))
  		return -1;
  
  	/*
  	 * Leader must be already processed/open,
  	 * if not it's a bug.
  	 */
  	BUG_ON(!leader->fd);
  
  	fd = FD(leader, cpu, thread);
  	BUG_ON(fd == -1);
  
  	return fd;
  }
  
  struct bit_names {
  	int bit;
  	const char *name;
  };
  
  static void __p_bits(char *buf, size_t size, u64 value, struct bit_names *bits)
  {
  	bool first_bit = true;
  	int i = 0;
  
  	do {
  		if (value & bits[i].bit) {
  			buf += scnprintf(buf, size, "%s%s", first_bit ? "" : "|", bits[i].name);
  			first_bit = false;
  		}
  	} while (bits[++i].name != NULL);
  }
  
  static void __p_sample_type(char *buf, size_t size, u64 value)
  {
  #define bit_name(n) { PERF_SAMPLE_##n, #n }
  	struct bit_names bits[] = {
  		bit_name(IP), bit_name(TID), bit_name(TIME), bit_name(ADDR),
  		bit_name(READ), bit_name(CALLCHAIN), bit_name(ID), bit_name(CPU),
  		bit_name(PERIOD), bit_name(STREAM_ID), bit_name(RAW),
  		bit_name(BRANCH_STACK), bit_name(REGS_USER), bit_name(STACK_USER),
  		bit_name(IDENTIFIER), bit_name(REGS_INTR), bit_name(DATA_SRC),
  		bit_name(WEIGHT), bit_name(PHYS_ADDR),
  		{ .name = NULL, }
  	};
  #undef bit_name
  	__p_bits(buf, size, value, bits);
  }
  
  static void __p_branch_sample_type(char *buf, size_t size, u64 value)
  {
  #define bit_name(n) { PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_##n, #n }
  	struct bit_names bits[] = {
  		bit_name(USER), bit_name(KERNEL), bit_name(HV), bit_name(ANY),
  		bit_name(ANY_CALL), bit_name(ANY_RETURN), bit_name(IND_CALL),
  		bit_name(ABORT_TX), bit_name(IN_TX), bit_name(NO_TX),
  		bit_name(COND), bit_name(CALL_STACK), bit_name(IND_JUMP),
  		bit_name(CALL), bit_name(NO_FLAGS), bit_name(NO_CYCLES),
  		{ .name = NULL, }
  	};
  #undef bit_name
  	__p_bits(buf, size, value, bits);
  }
  
  static void __p_read_format(char *buf, size_t size, u64 value)
  {
  #define bit_name(n) { PERF_FORMAT_##n, #n }
  	struct bit_names bits[] = {
  		bit_name(TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED), bit_name(TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING),
  		bit_name(ID), bit_name(GROUP),
  		{ .name = NULL, }
  	};
  #undef bit_name
  	__p_bits(buf, size, value, bits);
  }
  
  #define BUF_SIZE		1024
  
  #define p_hex(val)		snprintf(buf, BUF_SIZE, "%#"PRIx64, (uint64_t)(val))
  #define p_unsigned(val)		snprintf(buf, BUF_SIZE, "%"PRIu64, (uint64_t)(val))
  #define p_signed(val)		snprintf(buf, BUF_SIZE, "%"PRId64, (int64_t)(val))
  #define p_sample_type(val)	__p_sample_type(buf, BUF_SIZE, val)
  #define p_branch_sample_type(val) __p_branch_sample_type(buf, BUF_SIZE, val)
  #define p_read_format(val)	__p_read_format(buf, BUF_SIZE, val)
  
  #define PRINT_ATTRn(_n, _f, _p)				\
  do {							\
  	if (attr->_f) {					\
  		_p(attr->_f);				\
  		ret += attr__fprintf(fp, _n, buf, priv);\
  	}						\
  } while (0)
  
  #define PRINT_ATTRf(_f, _p)	PRINT_ATTRn(#_f, _f, _p)
  
  int perf_event_attr__fprintf(FILE *fp, struct perf_event_attr *attr,
  			     attr__fprintf_f attr__fprintf, void *priv)
  {
  	char buf[BUF_SIZE];
  	int ret = 0;
  
  	PRINT_ATTRf(type, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(size, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(config, p_hex);
  	PRINT_ATTRn("{ sample_period, sample_freq }", sample_period, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(sample_type, p_sample_type);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(read_format, p_read_format);
  
  	PRINT_ATTRf(disabled, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(inherit, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(pinned, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclusive, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_user, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_kernel, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_hv, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_idle, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(mmap, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(comm, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(freq, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(inherit_stat, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(enable_on_exec, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(task, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(watermark, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(precise_ip, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(mmap_data, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(sample_id_all, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_host, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_guest, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_callchain_kernel, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(exclude_callchain_user, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(mmap2, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(comm_exec, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(use_clockid, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(context_switch, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(write_backward, p_unsigned);
  
  	PRINT_ATTRn("{ wakeup_events, wakeup_watermark }", wakeup_events, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(bp_type, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRn("{ bp_addr, config1 }", bp_addr, p_hex);
  	PRINT_ATTRn("{ bp_len, config2 }", bp_len, p_hex);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(branch_sample_type, p_branch_sample_type);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(sample_regs_user, p_hex);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(sample_stack_user, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(clockid, p_signed);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(sample_regs_intr, p_hex);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(aux_watermark, p_unsigned);
  	PRINT_ATTRf(sample_max_stack, p_unsigned);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int __open_attr__fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *name, const char *val,
  				void *priv __maybe_unused)
  {
  	return fprintf(fp, "  %-32s %s\n", name, val);
  }
  
  static void perf_evsel__remove_fd(struct perf_evsel *pos,
  				  int nr_cpus, int nr_threads,
  				  int thread_idx)
  {
  	for (int cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpus; cpu++)
  		for (int thread = thread_idx; thread < nr_threads - 1; thread++)
  			FD(pos, cpu, thread) = FD(pos, cpu, thread + 1);
  }
  
  static int update_fds(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  		      int nr_cpus, int cpu_idx,
  		      int nr_threads, int thread_idx)
  {
  	struct perf_evsel *pos;
  
  	if (cpu_idx >= nr_cpus || thread_idx >= nr_threads)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	evlist__for_each_entry(evsel->evlist, pos) {
  		nr_cpus = pos != evsel ? nr_cpus : cpu_idx;
  
  		perf_evsel__remove_fd(pos, nr_cpus, nr_threads, thread_idx);
  
  		/*
  		 * Since fds for next evsel has not been created,
  		 * there is no need to iterate whole event list.
  		 */
  		if (pos == evsel)
  			break;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static bool ignore_missing_thread(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				  int nr_cpus, int cpu,
  				  struct thread_map *threads,
  				  int thread, int err)
  {
  	pid_t ignore_pid = thread_map__pid(threads, thread);
  
  	if (!evsel->ignore_missing_thread)
  		return false;
  
  	/* The system wide setup does not work with threads. */
  	if (evsel->system_wide)
  		return false;
  
  	/* The -ESRCH is perf event syscall errno for pid's not found. */
  	if (err != -ESRCH)
  		return false;
  
  	/* If there's only one thread, let it fail. */
  	if (threads->nr == 1)
  		return false;
  
  	/*
  	 * We should remove fd for missing_thread first
  	 * because thread_map__remove() will decrease threads->nr.
  	 */
  	if (update_fds(evsel, nr_cpus, cpu, threads->nr, thread))
  		return false;
  
  	if (thread_map__remove(threads, thread))
  		return false;
  
  	pr_warning("WARNING: Ignored open failure for pid %d\n",
  		   ignore_pid);
  	return true;
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__open(struct perf_evsel *evsel, struct cpu_map *cpus,
  		     struct thread_map *threads)
  {
  	int cpu, thread, nthreads;
  	unsigned long flags = PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC;
  	int pid = -1, err;
  	enum { NO_CHANGE, SET_TO_MAX, INCREASED_MAX } set_rlimit = NO_CHANGE;
  
  	if (perf_missing_features.write_backward && evsel->attr.write_backward)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (cpus == NULL) {
  		static struct cpu_map *empty_cpu_map;
  
  		if (empty_cpu_map == NULL) {
  			empty_cpu_map = cpu_map__dummy_new();
  			if (empty_cpu_map == NULL)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  		}
  
  		cpus = empty_cpu_map;
  	}
  
  	if (threads == NULL) {
  		static struct thread_map *empty_thread_map;
  
  		if (empty_thread_map == NULL) {
  			empty_thread_map = thread_map__new_by_tid(-1);
  			if (empty_thread_map == NULL)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  		}
  
  		threads = empty_thread_map;
  	}
  
  	if (evsel->system_wide)
  		nthreads = 1;
  	else
  		nthreads = threads->nr;
  
  	if (evsel->fd == NULL &&
  	    perf_evsel__alloc_fd(evsel, cpus->nr, nthreads) < 0)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	if (evsel->cgrp) {
  		flags |= PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP;
  		pid = evsel->cgrp->fd;
  	}
  
  fallback_missing_features:
  	if (perf_missing_features.clockid_wrong)
  		evsel->attr.clockid = CLOCK_MONOTONIC; /* should always work */
  	if (perf_missing_features.clockid) {
  		evsel->attr.use_clockid = 0;
  		evsel->attr.clockid = 0;
  	}
  	if (perf_missing_features.cloexec)
  		flags &= ~(unsigned long)PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC;
  	if (perf_missing_features.mmap2)
  		evsel->attr.mmap2 = 0;
  	if (perf_missing_features.exclude_guest)
  		evsel->attr.exclude_guest = evsel->attr.exclude_host = 0;
  	if (perf_missing_features.lbr_flags)
  		evsel->attr.branch_sample_type &= ~(PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_FLAGS |
  				     PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_CYCLES);
  	if (perf_missing_features.group_read && evsel->attr.inherit)
  		evsel->attr.read_format &= ~(PERF_FORMAT_GROUP|PERF_FORMAT_ID);
  retry_sample_id:
  	if (perf_missing_features.sample_id_all)
  		evsel->attr.sample_id_all = 0;
  
  	if (verbose >= 2) {
  		fprintf(stderr, "%.60s\n", graph_dotted_line);
  		fprintf(stderr, "perf_event_attr:\n");
  		perf_event_attr__fprintf(stderr, &evsel->attr, __open_attr__fprintf, NULL);
  		fprintf(stderr, "%.60s\n", graph_dotted_line);
  	}
  
  	for (cpu = 0; cpu < cpus->nr; cpu++) {
  
  		for (thread = 0; thread < nthreads; thread++) {
  			int fd, group_fd;
  
  			if (!evsel->cgrp && !evsel->system_wide)
  				pid = thread_map__pid(threads, thread);
  
  			group_fd = get_group_fd(evsel, cpu, thread);
  retry_open:
  			pr_debug2("sys_perf_event_open: pid %d  cpu %d  group_fd %d  flags %#lx",
  				  pid, cpus->map[cpu], group_fd, flags);
  
  			test_attr__ready();
  
  			fd = sys_perf_event_open(&evsel->attr, pid, cpus->map[cpu],
  						 group_fd, flags);
  
  			FD(evsel, cpu, thread) = fd;
  
  			if (fd < 0) {
  				err = -errno;
  
  				if (ignore_missing_thread(evsel, cpus->nr, cpu, threads, thread, err)) {
  					/*
  					 * We just removed 1 thread, so take a step
  					 * back on thread index and lower the upper
  					 * nthreads limit.
  					 */
  					nthreads--;
  					thread--;
  
  					/* ... and pretend like nothing have happened. */
  					err = 0;
  					continue;
  				}
  
  				pr_debug2("\nsys_perf_event_open failed, error %d\n",
  					  err);
  				goto try_fallback;
  			}
  
  			pr_debug2(" = %d\n", fd);
  
  			if (evsel->bpf_fd >= 0) {
  				int evt_fd = fd;
  				int bpf_fd = evsel->bpf_fd;
  
  				err = ioctl(evt_fd,
  					    PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF,
  					    bpf_fd);
  				if (err && errno != EEXIST) {
  					pr_err("failed to attach bpf fd %d: %s\n",
  					       bpf_fd, strerror(errno));
  					err = -EINVAL;
  					goto out_close;
  				}
  			}
  
  			set_rlimit = NO_CHANGE;
  
  			/*
  			 * If we succeeded but had to kill clockid, fail and
  			 * have perf_evsel__open_strerror() print us a nice
  			 * error.
  			 */
  			if (perf_missing_features.clockid ||
  			    perf_missing_features.clockid_wrong) {
  				err = -EINVAL;
  				goto out_close;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  
  try_fallback:
  	/*
  	 * perf stat needs between 5 and 22 fds per CPU. When we run out
  	 * of them try to increase the limits.
  	 */
  	if (err == -EMFILE && set_rlimit < INCREASED_MAX) {
  		struct rlimit l;
  		int old_errno = errno;
  
  		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &l) == 0) {
  			if (set_rlimit == NO_CHANGE)
  				l.rlim_cur = l.rlim_max;
  			else {
  				l.rlim_cur = l.rlim_max + 1000;
  				l.rlim_max = l.rlim_cur;
  			}
  			if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &l) == 0) {
  				set_rlimit++;
  				errno = old_errno;
  				goto retry_open;
  			}
  		}
  		errno = old_errno;
  	}
  
  	if (err != -EINVAL || cpu > 0 || thread > 0)
  		goto out_close;
  
  	/*
  	 * Must probe features in the order they were added to the
  	 * perf_event_attr interface.
  	 */
  	if (!perf_missing_features.write_backward && evsel->attr.write_backward) {
  		perf_missing_features.write_backward = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off write_backward\n");
  		goto out_close;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.clockid_wrong && evsel->attr.use_clockid) {
  		perf_missing_features.clockid_wrong = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off clockid\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.clockid && evsel->attr.use_clockid) {
  		perf_missing_features.clockid = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off use_clockid\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.cloexec && (flags & PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC)) {
  		perf_missing_features.cloexec = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off cloexec flag\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.mmap2 && evsel->attr.mmap2) {
  		perf_missing_features.mmap2 = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off mmap2\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.exclude_guest &&
  		   (evsel->attr.exclude_guest || evsel->attr.exclude_host)) {
  		perf_missing_features.exclude_guest = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off exclude_guest, exclude_host\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.sample_id_all) {
  		perf_missing_features.sample_id_all = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off sample_id_all\n");
  		goto retry_sample_id;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.lbr_flags &&
  			(evsel->attr.branch_sample_type &
  			 (PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_CYCLES |
  			  PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_FLAGS))) {
  		perf_missing_features.lbr_flags = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off branch sample type no (cycles/flags)\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	} else if (!perf_missing_features.group_read &&
  		    evsel->attr.inherit &&
  		   (evsel->attr.read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP)) {
  		perf_missing_features.group_read = true;
  		pr_debug2("switching off group read\n");
  		goto fallback_missing_features;
  	}
  out_close:
  	do {
  		while (--thread >= 0) {
  			close(FD(evsel, cpu, thread));
  			FD(evsel, cpu, thread) = -1;
  		}
  		thread = nthreads;
  	} while (--cpu >= 0);
  	return err;
  }
  
  void perf_evsel__close(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	if (evsel->fd == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	perf_evsel__close_fd(evsel);
  	perf_evsel__free_fd(evsel);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__open_per_cpu(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  			     struct cpu_map *cpus)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__open(evsel, cpus, NULL);
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__open_per_thread(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				struct thread_map *threads)
  {
  	return perf_evsel__open(evsel, NULL, threads);
  }
  
  static int perf_evsel__parse_id_sample(const struct perf_evsel *evsel,
  				       const union perf_event *event,
  				       struct perf_sample *sample)
  {
  	u64 type = evsel->attr.sample_type;
  	const u64 *array = event->sample.array;
  	bool swapped = evsel->needs_swap;
  	union u64_swap u;
  
  	array += ((event->header.size -
  		   sizeof(event->header)) / sizeof(u64)) - 1;
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER) {
  		sample->id = *array;
  		array--;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU) {
  		u.val64 = *array;
  		if (swapped) {
  			/* undo swap of u64, then swap on individual u32s */
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  		}
  
  		sample->cpu = u.val32[0];
  		array--;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID) {
  		sample->stream_id = *array;
  		array--;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID) {
  		sample->id = *array;
  		array--;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME) {
  		sample->time = *array;
  		array--;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID) {
  		u.val64 = *array;
  		if (swapped) {
  			/* undo swap of u64, then swap on individual u32s */
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  			u.val32[1] = bswap_32(u.val32[1]);
  		}
  
  		sample->pid = u.val32[0];
  		sample->tid = u.val32[1];
  		array--;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static inline bool overflow(const void *endp, u16 max_size, const void *offset,
  			    u64 size)
  {
  	return size > max_size || offset + size > endp;
  }
  
  #define OVERFLOW_CHECK(offset, size, max_size)				\
  	do {								\
  		if (overflow(endp, (max_size), (offset), (size)))	\
  			return -EFAULT;					\
  	} while (0)
  
  #define OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(offset) \
  	OVERFLOW_CHECK(offset, sizeof(u64), sizeof(u64))
  
  int perf_evsel__parse_sample(struct perf_evsel *evsel, union perf_event *event,
  			     struct perf_sample *data)
  {
  	u64 type = evsel->attr.sample_type;
  	bool swapped = evsel->needs_swap;
  	const u64 *array;
  	u16 max_size = event->header.size;
  	const void *endp = (void *)event + max_size;
  	u64 sz;
  
  	/*
  	 * used for cross-endian analysis. See git commit 65014ab3
  	 * for why this goofiness is needed.
  	 */
  	union u64_swap u;
  
  	memset(data, 0, sizeof(*data));
  	data->cpu = data->pid = data->tid = -1;
  	data->stream_id = data->id = data->time = -1ULL;
  	data->period = evsel->attr.sample_period;
  	data->cpumode = event->header.misc & PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK;
  
  	if (event->header.type != PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE) {
  		if (!evsel->attr.sample_id_all)
  			return 0;
  		return perf_evsel__parse_id_sample(evsel, event, data);
  	}
  
  	array = event->sample.array;
  
  	/*
  	 * The evsel's sample_size is based on PERF_SAMPLE_MASK which includes
  	 * up to PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD.  After that overflow() must be used to
  	 * check the format does not go past the end of the event.
  	 */
  	if (evsel->sample_size + sizeof(event->header) > event->header.size)
  		return -EFAULT;
  
  	data->id = -1ULL;
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER) {
  		data->id = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP) {
  		data->ip = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID) {
  		u.val64 = *array;
  		if (swapped) {
  			/* undo swap of u64, then swap on individual u32s */
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  			u.val32[1] = bswap_32(u.val32[1]);
  		}
  
  		data->pid = u.val32[0];
  		data->tid = u.val32[1];
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME) {
  		data->time = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	data->addr = 0;
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR) {
  		data->addr = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID) {
  		data->id = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID) {
  		data->stream_id = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU) {
  
  		u.val64 = *array;
  		if (swapped) {
  			/* undo swap of u64, then swap on individual u32s */
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  		}
  
  		data->cpu = u.val32[0];
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD) {
  		data->period = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_READ) {
  		u64 read_format = evsel->attr.read_format;
  
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP)
  			data->read.group.nr = *array;
  		else
  			data->read.one.value = *array;
  
  		array++;
  
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED) {
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  			data->read.time_enabled = *array;
  			array++;
  		}
  
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING) {
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  			data->read.time_running = *array;
  			array++;
  		}
  
  		/* PERF_FORMAT_ID is forced for PERF_SAMPLE_READ */
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP) {
  			const u64 max_group_nr = UINT64_MAX /
  					sizeof(struct sample_read_value);
  
  			if (data->read.group.nr > max_group_nr)
  				return -EFAULT;
  			sz = data->read.group.nr *
  			     sizeof(struct sample_read_value);
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, sz, max_size);
  			data->read.group.values =
  					(struct sample_read_value *)array;
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  		} else {
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  			data->read.one.id = *array;
  			array++;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN) {
  		const u64 max_callchain_nr = UINT64_MAX / sizeof(u64);
  
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->callchain = (struct ip_callchain *)array++;
  		if (data->callchain->nr > max_callchain_nr)
  			return -EFAULT;
  		sz = data->callchain->nr * sizeof(u64);
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, sz, max_size);
  		array = (void *)array + sz;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_RAW) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		u.val64 = *array;
  		if (WARN_ONCE(swapped,
  			      "Endianness of raw data not corrected!\n")) {
  			/* undo swap of u64, then swap on individual u32s */
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  			u.val32[1] = bswap_32(u.val32[1]);
  		}
  		data->raw_size = u.val32[0];
  		array = (void *)array + sizeof(u32);
  
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, data->raw_size, max_size);
  		data->raw_data = (void *)array;
  		array = (void *)array + data->raw_size;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK) {
  		const u64 max_branch_nr = UINT64_MAX /
  					  sizeof(struct branch_entry);
  
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->branch_stack = (struct branch_stack *)array++;
  
  		if (data->branch_stack->nr > max_branch_nr)
  			return -EFAULT;
  		sz = data->branch_stack->nr * sizeof(struct branch_entry);
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, sz, max_size);
  		array = (void *)array + sz;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->user_regs.abi = *array;
  		array++;
  
  		if (data->user_regs.abi) {
  			u64 mask = evsel->attr.sample_regs_user;
  
  			sz = hweight_long(mask) * sizeof(u64);
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, sz, max_size);
  			data->user_regs.mask = mask;
  			data->user_regs.regs = (u64 *)array;
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		sz = *array++;
  
  		data->user_stack.offset = ((char *)(array - 1)
  					  - (char *) event);
  
  		if (!sz) {
  			data->user_stack.size = 0;
  		} else {
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, sz, max_size);
  			data->user_stack.data = (char *)array;
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  			data->user_stack.size = *array++;
  			if (WARN_ONCE(data->user_stack.size > sz,
  				      "user stack dump failure\n"))
  				return -EFAULT;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->weight = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	data->data_src = PERF_MEM_DATA_SRC_NONE;
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->data_src = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	data->transaction = 0;
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->transaction = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	data->intr_regs.abi = PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE;
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR) {
  		OVERFLOW_CHECK_u64(array);
  		data->intr_regs.abi = *array;
  		array++;
  
  		if (data->intr_regs.abi != PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE) {
  			u64 mask = evsel->attr.sample_regs_intr;
  
  			sz = hweight_long(mask) * sizeof(u64);
  			OVERFLOW_CHECK(array, sz, max_size);
  			data->intr_regs.mask = mask;
  			data->intr_regs.regs = (u64 *)array;
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  		}
  	}
  
  	data->phys_addr = 0;
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR) {
  		data->phys_addr = *array;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  size_t perf_event__sample_event_size(const struct perf_sample *sample, u64 type,
  				     u64 read_format)
  {
  	size_t sz, result = sizeof(struct sample_event);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_READ) {
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED)
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING)
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  		/* PERF_FORMAT_ID is forced for PERF_SAMPLE_READ */
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP) {
  			sz = sample->read.group.nr *
  			     sizeof(struct sample_read_value);
  			result += sz;
  		} else {
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN) {
  		sz = (sample->callchain->nr + 1) * sizeof(u64);
  		result += sz;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_RAW) {
  		result += sizeof(u32);
  		result += sample->raw_size;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK) {
  		sz = sample->branch_stack->nr * sizeof(struct branch_entry);
  		sz += sizeof(u64);
  		result += sz;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER) {
  		if (sample->user_regs.abi) {
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  			sz = hweight_long(sample->user_regs.mask) * sizeof(u64);
  			result += sz;
  		} else {
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER) {
  		sz = sample->user_stack.size;
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  		if (sz) {
  			result += sz;
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR) {
  		if (sample->intr_regs.abi) {
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  			sz = hweight_long(sample->intr_regs.mask) * sizeof(u64);
  			result += sz;
  		} else {
  			result += sizeof(u64);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR)
  		result += sizeof(u64);
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  int perf_event__synthesize_sample(union perf_event *event, u64 type,
  				  u64 read_format,
  				  const struct perf_sample *sample,
  				  bool swapped)
  {
  	u64 *array;
  	size_t sz;
  	/*
  	 * used for cross-endian analysis. See git commit 65014ab3
  	 * for why this goofiness is needed.
  	 */
  	union u64_swap u;
  
  	array = event->sample.array;
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER) {
  		*array = sample->id;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_IP) {
  		*array = sample->ip;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID) {
  		u.val32[0] = sample->pid;
  		u.val32[1] = sample->tid;
  		if (swapped) {
  			/*
  			 * Inverse of what is done in perf_evsel__parse_sample
  			 */
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  			u.val32[1] = bswap_32(u.val32[1]);
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  		}
  
  		*array = u.val64;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME) {
  		*array = sample->time;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR) {
  		*array = sample->addr;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_ID) {
  		*array = sample->id;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID) {
  		*array = sample->stream_id;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CPU) {
  		u.val32[0] = sample->cpu;
  		if (swapped) {
  			/*
  			 * Inverse of what is done in perf_evsel__parse_sample
  			 */
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  		}
  		*array = u.val64;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD) {
  		*array = sample->period;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_READ) {
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP)
  			*array = sample->read.group.nr;
  		else
  			*array = sample->read.one.value;
  		array++;
  
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED) {
  			*array = sample->read.time_enabled;
  			array++;
  		}
  
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING) {
  			*array = sample->read.time_running;
  			array++;
  		}
  
  		/* PERF_FORMAT_ID is forced for PERF_SAMPLE_READ */
  		if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_GROUP) {
  			sz = sample->read.group.nr *
  			     sizeof(struct sample_read_value);
  			memcpy(array, sample->read.group.values, sz);
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  		} else {
  			*array = sample->read.one.id;
  			array++;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN) {
  		sz = (sample->callchain->nr + 1) * sizeof(u64);
  		memcpy(array, sample->callchain, sz);
  		array = (void *)array + sz;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_RAW) {
  		u.val32[0] = sample->raw_size;
  		if (WARN_ONCE(swapped,
  			      "Endianness of raw data not corrected!\n")) {
  			/*
  			 * Inverse of what is done in perf_evsel__parse_sample
  			 */
  			u.val32[0] = bswap_32(u.val32[0]);
  			u.val32[1] = bswap_32(u.val32[1]);
  			u.val64 = bswap_64(u.val64);
  		}
  		*array = u.val64;
  		array = (void *)array + sizeof(u32);
  
  		memcpy(array, sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size);
  		array = (void *)array + sample->raw_size;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK) {
  		sz = sample->branch_stack->nr * sizeof(struct branch_entry);
  		sz += sizeof(u64);
  		memcpy(array, sample->branch_stack, sz);
  		array = (void *)array + sz;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER) {
  		if (sample->user_regs.abi) {
  			*array++ = sample->user_regs.abi;
  			sz = hweight_long(sample->user_regs.mask) * sizeof(u64);
  			memcpy(array, sample->user_regs.regs, sz);
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  		} else {
  			*array++ = 0;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER) {
  		sz = sample->user_stack.size;
  		*array++ = sz;
  		if (sz) {
  			memcpy(array, sample->user_stack.data, sz);
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  			*array++ = sz;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT) {
  		*array = sample->weight;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC) {
  		*array = sample->data_src;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION) {
  		*array = sample->transaction;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR) {
  		if (sample->intr_regs.abi) {
  			*array++ = sample->intr_regs.abi;
  			sz = hweight_long(sample->intr_regs.mask) * sizeof(u64);
  			memcpy(array, sample->intr_regs.regs, sz);
  			array = (void *)array + sz;
  		} else {
  			*array++ = 0;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (type & PERF_SAMPLE_PHYS_ADDR) {
  		*array = sample->phys_addr;
  		array++;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  struct format_field *perf_evsel__field(struct perf_evsel *evsel, const char *name)
  {
  	return pevent_find_field(evsel->tp_format, name);
  }
  
  void *perf_evsel__rawptr(struct perf_evsel *evsel, struct perf_sample *sample,
  			 const char *name)
  {
  	struct format_field *field = perf_evsel__field(evsel, name);
  	int offset;
  
  	if (!field)
  		return NULL;
  
  	offset = field->offset;
  
  	if (field->flags & FIELD_IS_DYNAMIC) {
  		offset = *(int *)(sample->raw_data + field->offset);
  		offset &= 0xffff;
  	}
  
  	return sample->raw_data + offset;
  }
  
  u64 format_field__intval(struct format_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample,
  			 bool needs_swap)
  {
  	u64 value;
  	void *ptr = sample->raw_data + field->offset;
  
  	switch (field->size) {
  	case 1:
  		return *(u8 *)ptr;
  	case 2:
  		value = *(u16 *)ptr;
  		break;
  	case 4:
  		value = *(u32 *)ptr;
  		break;
  	case 8:
  		memcpy(&value, ptr, sizeof(u64));
  		break;
  	default:
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	if (!needs_swap)
  		return value;
  
  	switch (field->size) {
  	case 2:
  		return bswap_16(value);
  	case 4:
  		return bswap_32(value);
  	case 8:
  		return bswap_64(value);
  	default:
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  u64 perf_evsel__intval(struct perf_evsel *evsel, struct perf_sample *sample,
  		       const char *name)
  {
  	struct format_field *field = perf_evsel__field(evsel, name);
  
  	if (!field)
  		return 0;
  
  	return field ? format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap) : 0;
  }
  
  bool perf_evsel__fallback(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int err,
  			  char *msg, size_t msgsize)
  {
  	int paranoid;
  
  	if ((err == ENOENT || err == ENXIO || err == ENODEV) &&
  	    evsel->attr.type   == PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE &&
  	    evsel->attr.config == PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES) {
  		/*
  		 * If it's cycles then fall back to hrtimer based
  		 * cpu-clock-tick sw counter, which is always available even if
  		 * no PMU support.
  		 *
  		 * PPC returns ENXIO until 2.6.37 (behavior changed with commit
  		 * b0a873e).
  		 */
  		scnprintf(msg, msgsize, "%s",
  "The cycles event is not supported, trying to fall back to cpu-clock-ticks");
  
  		evsel->attr.type   = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE;
  		evsel->attr.config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK;
  
  		zfree(&evsel->name);
  		return true;
  	} else if (err == EACCES && !evsel->attr.exclude_kernel &&
  		   (paranoid = perf_event_paranoid()) > 1) {
  		const char *name = perf_evsel__name(evsel);
  		char *new_name;
  
  		if (asprintf(&new_name, "%s%su", name, strchr(name, ':') ? "" : ":") < 0)
  			return false;
  
  		if (evsel->name)
  			free(evsel->name);
  		evsel->name = new_name;
  		scnprintf(msg, msgsize,
  "kernel.perf_event_paranoid=%d, trying to fall back to excluding kernel samples", paranoid);
  		evsel->attr.exclude_kernel = 1;
  
  		return true;
  	}
  
  	return false;
  }
  
  static bool find_process(const char *name)
  {
  	size_t len = strlen(name);
  	DIR *dir;
  	struct dirent *d;
  	int ret = -1;
  
  	dir = opendir(procfs__mountpoint());
  	if (!dir)
  		return false;
  
  	/* Walk through the directory. */
  	while (ret && (d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
  		char path[PATH_MAX];
  		char *data;
  		size_t size;
  
  		if ((d->d_type != DT_DIR) ||
  		     !strcmp(".", d->d_name) ||
  		     !strcmp("..", d->d_name))
  			continue;
  
  		scnprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/comm",
  			  procfs__mountpoint(), d->d_name);
  
  		if (filename__read_str(path, &data, &size))
  			continue;
  
  		ret = strncmp(name, data, len);
  		free(data);
  	}
  
  	closedir(dir);
  	return ret ? false : true;
  }
  
  int perf_evsel__open_strerror(struct perf_evsel *evsel, struct target *target,
  			      int err, char *msg, size_t size)
  {
  	char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
  	int printed = 0;
  
  	switch (err) {
  	case EPERM:
  	case EACCES:
  		if (err == EPERM)
  			printed = scnprintf(msg, size,
  				"No permission to enable %s event.\n\n",
  				perf_evsel__name(evsel));
  
  		return scnprintf(msg + printed, size - printed,
  		 "You may not have permission to collect %sstats.\n\n"
  		 "Consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid,\n"
  		 "which controls use of the performance events system by\n"
  		 "unprivileged users (without CAP_SYS_ADMIN).\n\n"
  		 "The current value is %d:\n\n"
  		 "  -1: Allow use of (almost) all events by all users\n"
  		 "      Ignore mlock limit after perf_event_mlock_kb without CAP_IPC_LOCK\n"
  		 ">= 0: Disallow ftrace function tracepoint by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN\n"
  		 "      Disallow raw tracepoint access by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN\n"
  		 ">= 1: Disallow CPU event access by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN\n"
  		 ">= 2: Disallow kernel profiling by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN\n\n"
  		 "To make this setting permanent, edit /etc/sysctl.conf too, e.g.:\n\n"
  		 "	kernel.perf_event_paranoid = -1\n" ,
  				 target->system_wide ? "system-wide " : "",
  				 perf_event_paranoid());
  	case ENOENT:
  		return scnprintf(msg, size, "The %s event is not supported.",
  				 perf_evsel__name(evsel));
  	case EMFILE:
  		return scnprintf(msg, size, "%s",
  			 "Too many events are opened.\n"
  			 "Probably the maximum number of open file descriptors has been reached.\n"
  			 "Hint: Try again after reducing the number of events.\n"
  			 "Hint: Try increasing the limit with 'ulimit -n <limit>'");
  	case ENOMEM:
  		if ((evsel->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN) != 0 &&
  		    access("/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack", F_OK) == 0)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size,
  					 "Not enough memory to setup event with callchain.\n"
  					 "Hint: Try tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack\n"
  					 "Hint: Current value: %d", sysctl_perf_event_max_stack);
  		break;
  	case ENODEV:
  		if (target->cpu_list)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "%s",
  	 "No such device - did you specify an out-of-range profile CPU?");
  		break;
  	case EOPNOTSUPP:
  		if (evsel->attr.sample_period != 0)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "%s",
  	"PMU Hardware doesn't support sampling/overflow-interrupts.");
  		if (evsel->attr.precise_ip)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "%s",
  	"\'precise\' request may not be supported. Try removing 'p' modifier.");
  #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
  		if (evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "%s",
  	"No hardware sampling interrupt available.\n"
  	"No APIC? If so then you can boot the kernel with the \"lapic\" boot parameter to force-enable it.");
  #endif
  		break;
  	case EBUSY:
  		if (find_process("oprofiled"))
  			return scnprintf(msg, size,
  	"The PMU counters are busy/taken by another profiler.\n"
  	"We found oprofile daemon running, please stop it and try again.");
  		break;
  	case EINVAL:
  		if (evsel->attr.write_backward && perf_missing_features.write_backward)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "Reading from overwrite event is not supported by this kernel.");
  		if (perf_missing_features.clockid)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "clockid feature not supported.");
  		if (perf_missing_features.clockid_wrong)
  			return scnprintf(msg, size, "wrong clockid (%d).", clockid);
  		break;
  	default:
  		break;
  	}
  
  	return scnprintf(msg, size,
  	"The sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned with %d (%s) for event (%s).\n"
  	"/bin/dmesg may provide additional information.\n"
  	"No CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS=y kernel support configured?",
  			 err, str_error_r(err, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)),
  			 perf_evsel__name(evsel));
  }
  
  char *perf_evsel__env_arch(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	if (evsel && evsel->evlist && evsel->evlist->env)
  		return evsel->evlist->env->arch;
  	return NULL;
  }
  
  char *perf_evsel__env_cpuid(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
  {
  	if (evsel && evsel->evlist && evsel->evlist->env)
  		return evsel->evlist->env->cpuid;
  	return NULL;
  }
  