text: from sqlalchemy import and_
  from sqlalchemy import bindparam
  from sqlalchemy import case
  from sqlalchemy import Column
  from sqlalchemy import exc
  from sqlalchemy import extract
  from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
  from sqlalchemy import func
  from sqlalchemy import Integer
  from sqlalchemy import literal_column
  from sqlalchemy import MetaData
  from sqlalchemy import select
  from sqlalchemy import String
  from sqlalchemy import Table
  from sqlalchemy import testing
  from sqlalchemy import text
  from sqlalchemy import tuple_
  from sqlalchemy import union
  from sqlalchemy.sql import ClauseElement
  from sqlalchemy.sql import column
  from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
  from sqlalchemy.sql import table
  from sqlalchemy.sql import util as sql_util
  from sqlalchemy.sql import visitors
  from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import _clone
  from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import _from_objects
  from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import ClauseVisitor
  from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import cloned_traverse
  from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import CloningVisitor
  from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import ReplacingCloningVisitor
  from sqlalchemy.testing import assert_raises
  from sqlalchemy.testing import assert_raises_message
  from sqlalchemy.testing import AssertsCompiledSQL
  from sqlalchemy.testing import AssertsExecutionResults
  from sqlalchemy.testing import eq_
  from sqlalchemy.testing import fixtures
  from sqlalchemy.testing import is_
  from sqlalchemy.testing import is_not_
  
  
  A = B = t1 = t2 = t3 = table1 = table2 = table3 = table4 = None
  
  
  class TraversalTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsExecutionResults):
  
      """test ClauseVisitor's traversal, particularly its
      ability to copy and modify a ClauseElement in place."""
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global A, B
  
          # establish two fictitious ClauseElements.
          # define deep equality semantics as well as deep
          # identity semantics.
          class A(ClauseElement):
              __visit_name__ = "a"
  
              def __init__(self, expr):
                  self.expr = expr
  
              def is_other(self, other):
                  return other is self
  
              __hash__ = ClauseElement.__hash__
  
              def __eq__(self, other):
                  return other.expr == self.expr
  
              def __ne__(self, other):
                  return other.expr != self.expr
  
              def __str__(self):
                  return "A(%s)" % repr(self.expr)
  
          class B(ClauseElement):
              __visit_name__ = "b"
  
              def __init__(self, *items):
                  self.items = items
  
              def is_other(self, other):
                  if other is not self:
                      return False
                  for i1, i2 in zip(self.items, other.items):
                      if i1 is not i2:
                          return False
                  return True
  
              __hash__ = ClauseElement.__hash__
  
              def __eq__(self, other):
                  for i1, i2 in zip(self.items, other.items):
                      if i1 != i2:
                          return False
                  return True
  
              def __ne__(self, other):
                  for i1, i2 in zip(self.items, other.items):
                      if i1 != i2:
                          return True
                  return False
  
              def _copy_internals(self, clone=_clone):
                  self.items = [clone(i) for i in self.items]
  
              def get_children(self, **kwargs):
                  return self.items
  
              def __str__(self):
                  return "B(%s)" % repr([str(i) for i in self.items])
  
      def test_test_classes(self):
          a1 = A("expr1")
          struct = B(a1, A("expr2"), B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2b")), A("expr3"))
          struct2 = B(a1, A("expr2"), B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2b")), A("expr3"))
          struct3 = B(
              a1, A("expr2"), B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2bmodified")), A("expr3")
          )
  
          assert a1.is_other(a1)
          assert struct.is_other(struct)
          assert struct == struct2
          assert struct != struct3
          assert not struct.is_other(struct2)
          assert not struct.is_other(struct3)
  
      def test_clone(self):
          struct = B(
              A("expr1"), A("expr2"), B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2b")), A("expr3")
          )
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_a(self, a):
                  pass
  
              def visit_b(self, b):
                  pass
  
          vis = Vis()
          s2 = vis.traverse(struct)
          assert struct == s2
          assert not struct.is_other(s2)
  
      def test_no_clone(self):
          struct = B(
              A("expr1"), A("expr2"), B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2b")), A("expr3")
          )
  
          class Vis(ClauseVisitor):
              def visit_a(self, a):
                  pass
  
              def visit_b(self, b):
                  pass
  
          vis = Vis()
          s2 = vis.traverse(struct)
          assert struct == s2
          assert struct.is_other(s2)
  
      def test_clone_anon_label(self):
          from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import Grouping
  
          c1 = Grouping(literal_column("q"))
          s1 = select([c1])
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_grouping(self, elem):
                  pass
  
          vis = Vis()
          s2 = vis.traverse(s1)
          eq_(list(s2.inner_columns)[0].anon_label, c1.anon_label)
  
      def test_change_in_place(self):
          struct = B(
              A("expr1"), A("expr2"), B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2b")), A("expr3")
          )
          struct2 = B(
              A("expr1"),
              A("expr2modified"),
              B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2b")),
              A("expr3"),
          )
          struct3 = B(
              A("expr1"),
              A("expr2"),
              B(A("expr1b"), A("expr2bmodified")),
              A("expr3"),
          )
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_a(self, a):
                  if a.expr == "expr2":
                      a.expr = "expr2modified"
  
              def visit_b(self, b):
                  pass
  
          vis = Vis()
          s2 = vis.traverse(struct)
          assert struct != s2
          assert not struct.is_other(s2)
          assert struct2 == s2
  
          class Vis2(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_a(self, a):
                  if a.expr == "expr2b":
                      a.expr = "expr2bmodified"
  
              def visit_b(self, b):
                  pass
  
          vis2 = Vis2()
          s3 = vis2.traverse(struct)
          assert struct != s3
          assert struct3 == s3
  
      def test_visit_name(self):
          # override fns in testlib/schema.py
          from sqlalchemy import Column
  
          class CustomObj(Column):
              pass
  
          assert CustomObj.__visit_name__ == Column.__visit_name__ == "column"
  
          foo, bar = CustomObj("foo", String), CustomObj("bar", String)
          bin_ = foo == bar
          set(ClauseVisitor().iterate(bin_))
          assert set(ClauseVisitor().iterate(bin_)) == set([foo, bar, bin_])
  
  
  class BinaryEndpointTraversalTest(fixtures.TestBase):
  
      """test the special binary product visit"""
  
      def _assert_traversal(self, expr, expected):
          canary = []
  
          def visit(binary, l, r):
              canary.append((binary.operator, l, r))
              print(binary.operator, l, r)
  
          sql_util.visit_binary_product(visit, expr)
          eq_(canary, expected)
  
      def test_basic(self):
          a, b = column("a"), column("b")
          self._assert_traversal(a == b, [(operators.eq, a, b)])
  
      def test_with_tuples(self):
          a, b, c, d, b1, b1a, b1b, e, f = (
              column("a"),
              column("b"),
              column("c"),
              column("d"),
              column("b1"),
              column("b1a"),
              column("b1b"),
              column("e"),
              column("f"),
          )
          expr = tuple_(a, b, b1 == tuple_(b1a, b1b == d), c) > tuple_(
              func.go(e + f)
          )
          self._assert_traversal(
              expr,
              [
                  (operators.gt, a, e),
                  (operators.gt, a, f),
                  (operators.gt, b, e),
                  (operators.gt, b, f),
                  (operators.eq, b1, b1a),
                  (operators.eq, b1b, d),
                  (operators.gt, c, e),
                  (operators.gt, c, f),
              ],
          )
  
      def test_composed(self):
          a, b, e, f, q, j, r = (
              column("a"),
              column("b"),
              column("e"),
              column("f"),
              column("q"),
              column("j"),
              column("r"),
          )
          expr = and_((a + b) == q + func.sum(e + f), and_(j == r, f == q))
          self._assert_traversal(
              expr,
              [
                  (operators.eq, a, q),
                  (operators.eq, a, e),
                  (operators.eq, a, f),
                  (operators.eq, b, q),
                  (operators.eq, b, e),
                  (operators.eq, b, f),
                  (operators.eq, j, r),
                  (operators.eq, f, q),
              ],
          )
  
      def test_subquery(self):
          a, b, c = column("a"), column("b"), column("c")
          subq = select([c]).where(c == a).scalar_subquery()
          expr = and_(a == b, b == subq)
          self._assert_traversal(
              expr, [(operators.eq, a, b), (operators.eq, b, subq)]
          )
  
  
  class ClauseTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
  
      """test copy-in-place behavior of various ClauseElements."""
  
      __dialect__ = "default"
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global t1, t2, t3
          t1 = table("table1", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
          t2 = table("table2", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
          t3 = Table(
              "table3",
              MetaData(),
              Column("col1", Integer),
              Column("col2", Integer),
          )
  
      def test_binary(self):
          clause = t1.c.col2 == t2.c.col2
          eq_(str(clause), str(CloningVisitor().traverse(clause)))
  
      def test_binary_anon_label_quirk(self):
          t = table("t1", column("col1"))
  
          f = t.c.col1 * 5
          self.assert_compile(
              select([f]), "SELECT t1.col1 * :col1_1 AS anon_1 FROM t1"
          )
  
          f.anon_label
  
          a = t.alias()
          f = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(a).traverse(f)
  
          self.assert_compile(
              select([f]), "SELECT t1_1.col1 * :col1_1 AS anon_1 FROM t1 AS t1_1"
          )
  
      def test_join(self):
          clause = t1.join(t2, t1.c.col2 == t2.c.col2)
          c1 = str(clause)
          assert str(clause) == str(CloningVisitor().traverse(clause))
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_binary(self, binary):
                  binary.right = t2.c.col3
  
          clause2 = Vis().traverse(clause)
          assert c1 == str(clause)
          assert str(clause2) == str(t1.join(t2, t1.c.col2 == t2.c.col3))
  
      def test_aliased_column_adapt(self):
          t1.select()
  
          aliased = t1.select().alias()
          aliased2 = t1.alias()
  
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(aliased)
  
          f = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased2.c]).select_from(
              aliased
          )
  
          s = select([aliased2]).select_from(aliased)
          eq_(str(s), str(f))
  
          f = select([adapter.columns[func.count(aliased2.c.col1)]]).select_from(
              aliased
          )
          eq_(
              str(select([func.count(aliased2.c.col1)]).select_from(aliased)),
              str(f),
          )
  
      def test_aliased_cloned_column_adapt_inner(self):
          clause = select([t1.c.col1, func.foo(t1.c.col2).label("foo")])
  
          aliased1 = select([clause.c.col1, clause.c.foo])
          aliased2 = clause
          aliased2.c.col1, aliased2.c.foo
          aliased3 = cloned_traverse(aliased2, {}, {})
  
          # fixed by [ticket:2419].   the inside columns
          # on aliased3 have _is_clone_of pointers to those of
          # aliased2.  corresponding_column checks these
          # now.
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(aliased1)
          f1 = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased2._raw_columns])
          f2 = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased3._raw_columns])
          eq_(str(f1), str(f2))
  
      def test_aliased_cloned_column_adapt_exported(self):
          clause = select([t1.c.col1, func.foo(t1.c.col2).label("foo")])
  
          aliased1 = select([clause.c.col1, clause.c.foo])
          aliased2 = clause
          aliased2.c.col1, aliased2.c.foo
          aliased3 = cloned_traverse(aliased2, {}, {})
  
          # also fixed by [ticket:2419].  When we look at the
          # *outside* columns of aliased3, they previously did not
          # have an _is_clone_of pointer.   But we now modified _make_proxy
          # to assign this.
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(aliased1)
          f1 = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased2.c])
          f2 = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased3.c])
          eq_(str(f1), str(f2))
  
      def test_aliased_cloned_schema_column_adapt_exported(self):
          clause = select([t3.c.col1, func.foo(t3.c.col2).label("foo")])
  
          aliased1 = select([clause.c.col1, clause.c.foo])
          aliased2 = clause
          aliased2.c.col1, aliased2.c.foo
          aliased3 = cloned_traverse(aliased2, {}, {})
  
          # also fixed by [ticket:2419].  When we look at the
          # *outside* columns of aliased3, they previously did not
          # have an _is_clone_of pointer.   But we now modified _make_proxy
          # to assign this.
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(aliased1)
          f1 = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased2.c])
          f2 = select([adapter.columns[c] for c in aliased3.c])
          eq_(str(f1), str(f2))
  
      def test_labeled_expression_adapt(self):
          lbl_x = (t3.c.col1 == 1).label("x")
          t3_alias = t3.alias()
  
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t3_alias)
  
          lblx_adapted = adapter.traverse(lbl_x)
          is_not_(lblx_adapted._element, lbl_x._element)
  
          lblx_adapted = adapter.traverse(lbl_x)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([lblx_adapted.self_group()]),
              "SELECT (table3_1.col1 = :col1_1) AS x FROM table3 AS table3_1",
          )
  
          self.assert_compile(
              select([lblx_adapted.is_(True)]),
              "SELECT (table3_1.col1 = :col1_1) IS 1 AS anon_1 "
              "FROM table3 AS table3_1",
          )
  
      def test_cte_w_union(self):
          t = select([func.values(1).label("n")]).cte("t", recursive=True)
          t = t.union_all(select([t.c.n + 1]).where(t.c.n < 100))
          s = select([func.sum(t.c.n)])
  
          from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import cloned_traverse
  
          cloned = cloned_traverse(s, {}, {})
  
          self.assert_compile(
              cloned,
              "WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS "
              "(SELECT values(:values_1) AS n "
              "UNION ALL SELECT t.n + :n_1 AS anon_1 "
              "FROM t "
              "WHERE t.n < :n_2) "
              "SELECT sum(t.n) AS sum_1 FROM t",
          )
  
      def test_aliased_cte_w_union(self):
          t = (
              select([func.values(1).label("n")])
              .cte("t", recursive=True)
              .alias("foo")
          )
          t = t.union_all(select([t.c.n + 1]).where(t.c.n < 100))
          s = select([func.sum(t.c.n)])
  
          from sqlalchemy.sql.visitors import cloned_traverse
  
          cloned = cloned_traverse(s, {}, {})
  
          self.assert_compile(
              cloned,
              "WITH RECURSIVE foo(n) AS (SELECT values(:values_1) AS n "
              "UNION ALL SELECT foo.n + :n_1 AS anon_1 FROM foo "
              "WHERE foo.n < :n_2) SELECT sum(foo.n) AS sum_1 FROM foo",
          )
  
      def test_text(self):
          clause = text("select * from table where foo=:bar").bindparams(
              bindparam("bar")
          )
          c1 = str(clause)
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_textclause(self, text):
                  text.text = text.text + " SOME MODIFIER=:lala"
                  text._bindparams["lala"] = bindparam("lala")
  
          clause2 = Vis().traverse(clause)
          assert c1 == str(clause)
          assert str(clause2) == c1 + " SOME MODIFIER=:lala"
          assert list(clause._bindparams.keys()) == ["bar"]
          assert set(clause2._bindparams.keys()) == set(["bar", "lala"])
  
      def test_select(self):
          s2 = select([t1])
          s2_assert = str(s2)
          s3_assert = str(select([t1], t1.c.col2 == 7))
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_select(self, select):
                  select.append_whereclause(t1.c.col2 == 7)
  
          s3 = Vis().traverse(s2)
          assert str(s3) == s3_assert
          assert str(s2) == s2_assert
          print(str(s2))
          print(str(s3))
  
          class Vis(ClauseVisitor):
              def visit_select(self, select):
                  select.append_whereclause(t1.c.col2 == 7)
  
          Vis().traverse(s2)
          assert str(s2) == s3_assert
  
          s4_assert = str(select([t1], and_(t1.c.col2 == 7, t1.c.col3 == 9)))
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_select(self, select):
                  select.append_whereclause(t1.c.col3 == 9)
  
          s4 = Vis().traverse(s3)
          print(str(s3))
          print(str(s4))
          assert str(s4) == s4_assert
          assert str(s3) == s3_assert
  
          s5_assert = str(select([t1], and_(t1.c.col2 == 7, t1.c.col1 == 9)))
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_binary(self, binary):
                  if binary.left is t1.c.col3:
                      binary.left = t1.c.col1
                      binary.right = bindparam("col1", unique=True)
  
          s5 = Vis().traverse(s4)
          print(str(s4))
          print(str(s5))
          assert str(s5) == s5_assert
          assert str(s4) == s4_assert
  
      def test_union(self):
          u = union(t1.select(), t2.select())
          u2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(u)
          assert str(u) == str(u2)
          assert [str(c) for c in u2.c] == [str(c) for c in u.c]
  
          u = union(t1.select(), t2.select())
          cols = [str(c) for c in u.c]
          u2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(u)
          assert str(u) == str(u2)
          assert [str(c) for c in u2.c] == cols
  
          s1 = select([t1], t1.c.col1 == bindparam("id_param"))
          s2 = select([t2])
          u = union(s1, s2)
  
          u2 = u.params(id_param=7)
          u3 = u.params(id_param=10)
          assert str(u) == str(u2) == str(u3)
          assert u2.compile().params == {"id_param": 7}
          assert u3.compile().params == {"id_param": 10}
  
      def test_in(self):
          expr = t1.c.col1.in_(["foo", "bar"])
          expr2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(expr)
          assert str(expr) == str(expr2)
  
      def test_over(self):
          expr = func.row_number().over(order_by=t1.c.col1)
          expr2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(expr)
          assert str(expr) == str(expr2)
  
          assert expr in visitors.iterate(expr, {})
  
      def test_within_group(self):
          expr = func.row_number().within_group(t1.c.col1)
          expr2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(expr)
          assert str(expr) == str(expr2)
  
          assert expr in visitors.iterate(expr, {})
  
      def test_funcfilter(self):
          expr = func.count(1).filter(t1.c.col1 > 1)
          expr2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(expr)
          assert str(expr) == str(expr2)
  
      def test_adapt_union(self):
          u = union(
              t1.select().where(t1.c.col1 == 4),
              t1.select().where(t1.c.col1 == 5),
          ).alias()
  
          assert sql_util.ClauseAdapter(u).traverse(t1) is u
  
      def test_binds(self):
          """test that unique bindparams change their name upon clone()
          to prevent conflicts"""
  
          s = select([t1], t1.c.col1 == bindparam(None, unique=True)).alias()
          s2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(s).alias()
          s3 = select([s], s.c.col2 == s2.c.col2)
  
          self.assert_compile(
              s3,
              "SELECT anon_1.col1, anon_1.col2, anon_1.col3 FROM "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, "
              "table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = :param_1) "
              "AS anon_1, "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, table1.col3 "
              "AS col3 FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = :param_2) AS anon_2 "
              "WHERE anon_1.col2 = anon_2.col2",
          )
  
          s = select([t1], t1.c.col1 == 4).alias()
          s2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(s).alias()
          s3 = select([s], s.c.col2 == s2.c.col2)
          self.assert_compile(
              s3,
              "SELECT anon_1.col1, anon_1.col2, anon_1.col3 FROM "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, "
              "table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = :col1_1) "
              "AS anon_1, "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, table1.col3 "
              "AS col3 FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = :col1_2) AS anon_2 "
              "WHERE anon_1.col2 = anon_2.col2",
          )
  
      def test_extract(self):
          s = select([extract("foo", t1.c.col1).label("col1")])
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT EXTRACT(foo FROM table1.col1) AS col1 FROM table1"
          )
  
          s2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(s).alias()
          s3 = select([s2.c.col1])
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT EXTRACT(foo FROM table1.col1) AS col1 FROM table1"
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              s3,
              "SELECT anon_1.col1 FROM (SELECT EXTRACT(foo FROM "
              "table1.col1) AS col1 FROM table1) AS anon_1",
          )
  
      @testing.emits_warning(".*replaced by another column with the same key")
      def test_alias(self):
          subq = t2.select().alias("subq")
          s = select(
              [t1.c.col1, subq.c.col1],
              from_obj=[t1, subq, t1.join(subq, t1.c.col1 == subq.c.col2)],
          )
          orig = str(s)
          s2 = CloningVisitor().traverse(s)
          assert orig == str(s) == str(s2)
  
          s4 = CloningVisitor().traverse(s2)
          assert orig == str(s) == str(s2) == str(s4)
  
          s3 = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(table("foo")).traverse(s)
          assert orig == str(s) == str(s3)
  
          s4 = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(table("foo")).traverse(s3)
          assert orig == str(s) == str(s3) == str(s4)
  
          subq = subq.alias("subq")
          s = select(
              [t1.c.col1, subq.c.col1],
              from_obj=[t1, subq, t1.join(subq, t1.c.col1 == subq.c.col2)],
          )
          s5 = CloningVisitor().traverse(s)
          assert orig == str(s) == str(s5)
  
      def test_correlated_select(self):
          s = select(
              [literal_column("*")], t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1, from_obj=[t1, t2]
          ).correlate(t2)
  
          class Vis(CloningVisitor):
              def visit_select(self, select):
                  select.append_whereclause(t1.c.col2 == 7)
  
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t2]).where(
                  t2.c.col1 == Vis().traverse(s).scalar_subquery()
              ),
              "SELECT table2.col1, table2.col2, table2.col3 "
              "FROM table2 WHERE table2.col1 = "
              "(SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = table2.col1 "
              "AND table1.col2 = :col2_1)",
          )
  
      def test_this_thing(self):
          s = select([t1]).where(t1.c.col1 == "foo").alias()
          s2 = select([s.c.col1])
  
          self.assert_compile(
              s2,
              "SELECT anon_1.col1 FROM (SELECT "
              "table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, "
              "table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 WHERE "
              "table1.col1 = :col1_1) AS anon_1",
          )
          t1a = t1.alias()
          s2 = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1a).traverse(s2)
          self.assert_compile(
              s2,
              "SELECT anon_1.col1 FROM (SELECT "
              "table1_1.col1 AS col1, table1_1.col2 AS "
              "col2, table1_1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 "
              "AS table1_1 WHERE table1_1.col1 = "
              ":col1_1) AS anon_1",
          )
  
      def test_select_fromtwice_one(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
  
          s = select([1], t1.c.col1 == t1a.c.col1, from_obj=t1a).correlate(t1a)
          s = select([t1]).where(t1.c.col1 == s.scalar_subquery())
          self.assert_compile(
              s,
              "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, table1.col3 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = "
              "(SELECT 1 FROM table1, table1 AS table1_1 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = table1_1.col1)",
          )
          s = CloningVisitor().traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              s,
              "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, table1.col3 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = "
              "(SELECT 1 FROM table1, table1 AS table1_1 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = table1_1.col1)",
          )
  
      def test_select_fromtwice_two(self):
          s = select([t1]).where(t1.c.col1 == "foo").alias()
  
          s2 = select([1], t1.c.col1 == s.c.col1, from_obj=s).correlate(t1)
          s3 = select([t1]).where(t1.c.col1 == s2.scalar_subquery())
          self.assert_compile(
              s3,
              "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, table1.col3 "
              "FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = "
              "(SELECT 1 FROM "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, "
              "table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = :col1_1) "
              "AS anon_1 WHERE table1.col1 = anon_1.col1)",
          )
  
          s4 = ReplacingCloningVisitor().traverse(s3)
          self.assert_compile(
              s4,
              "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, table1.col3 "
              "FROM table1 WHERE table1.col1 = "
              "(SELECT 1 FROM "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, "
              "table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = :col1_1) "
              "AS anon_1 WHERE table1.col1 = anon_1.col1)",
          )
  
  
  class ColumnAdapterTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
      __dialect__ = "default"
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global t1, t2
          t1 = table(
              "table1",
              column("col1"),
              column("col2"),
              column("col3"),
              column("col4"),
          )
          t2 = table("table2", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
  
      def test_traverse_memoizes_w_columns(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t1a, anonymize_labels=True)
  
          expr = select([t1a.c.col1]).label("x")
          expr_adapted = adapter.traverse(expr)
          is_not_(expr, expr_adapted)
          is_(adapter.columns[expr], expr_adapted)
  
      def test_traverse_memoizes_w_itself(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t1a, anonymize_labels=True)
  
          expr = select([t1a.c.col1]).label("x")
          expr_adapted = adapter.traverse(expr)
          is_not_(expr, expr_adapted)
          is_(adapter.traverse(expr), expr_adapted)
  
      def test_columns_memoizes_w_itself(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t1a, anonymize_labels=True)
  
          expr = select([t1a.c.col1]).label("x")
          expr_adapted = adapter.columns[expr]
          is_not_(expr, expr_adapted)
          is_(adapter.columns[expr], expr_adapted)
  
      def test_wrapping_fallthrough(self):
          t1a = t1.alias(name="t1a")
          t2a = t2.alias(name="t2a")
          a1 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t1a)
  
          s1 = select([t1a.c.col1, t2a.c.col1]).apply_labels().alias()
          a2 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(s1)
          a3 = a2.wrap(a1)
          a4 = a1.wrap(a2)
          a5 = a1.chain(a2)
  
          # t1.c.col1 -> s1.c.t1a_col1
  
          # adapted by a2
          is_(a3.columns[t1.c.col1], s1.c.t1a_col1)
          is_(a4.columns[t1.c.col1], s1.c.t1a_col1)
  
          # chaining can't fall through because a1 grabs it
          # first
          is_(a5.columns[t1.c.col1], t1a.c.col1)
  
          # t2.c.col1 -> s1.c.t2a_col1
  
          # adapted by a2
          is_(a3.columns[t2.c.col1], s1.c.t2a_col1)
          is_(a4.columns[t2.c.col1], s1.c.t2a_col1)
          # chaining, t2 hits s1
          is_(a5.columns[t2.c.col1], s1.c.t2a_col1)
  
          # t1.c.col2 -> t1a.c.col2
  
          # fallthrough to a1
          is_(a3.columns[t1.c.col2], t1a.c.col2)
          is_(a4.columns[t1.c.col2], t1a.c.col2)
  
          # chaining hits a1
          is_(a5.columns[t1.c.col2], t1a.c.col2)
  
          # t2.c.col2 -> t2.c.col2
  
          # fallthrough to no adaption
          is_(a3.columns[t2.c.col2], t2.c.col2)
          is_(a4.columns[t2.c.col2], t2.c.col2)
  
      def test_wrapping_ordering(self):
          """illustrate an example where order of wrappers matters.
  
          This test illustrates both the ordering being significant
          as well as a scenario where multiple translations are needed
          (e.g. wrapping vs. chaining).
  
          """
  
          stmt = select([t1.c.col1, t2.c.col1]).apply_labels()
  
          sa = stmt.alias()
          stmt2 = select([t2, sa])
  
          a1 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(stmt)
          a2 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(stmt2)
  
          a2_to_a1 = a2.wrap(a1)
          a1_to_a2 = a1.wrap(a2)
  
          # when stmt2 and stmt represent the same column
          # in different contexts, order of wrapping matters
  
          # t2.c.col1 via a2 is stmt2.c.col1; then ignored by a1
          is_(a2_to_a1.columns[t2.c.col1], stmt2.c.col1)
          # t2.c.col1 via a1 is stmt.c.table2_col1; a2 then
          # sends this to stmt2.c.table2_col1
          is_(a1_to_a2.columns[t2.c.col1], stmt2.c.table2_col1)
  
          # for mutually exclusive columns, order doesn't matter
          is_(a2_to_a1.columns[t1.c.col1], stmt2.c.table1_col1)
          is_(a1_to_a2.columns[t1.c.col1], stmt2.c.table1_col1)
          is_(a2_to_a1.columns[t2.c.col2], stmt2.c.col2)
  
      def test_wrapping_multiple(self):
          """illustrate that wrapping runs both adapters"""
  
          t1a = t1.alias(name="t1a")
          t2a = t2.alias(name="t2a")
          a1 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t1a)
          a2 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(t2a)
          a3 = a2.wrap(a1)
  
          stmt = select([t1.c.col1, t2.c.col2])
  
          self.assert_compile(
              a3.traverse(stmt),
              "SELECT t1a.col1, t2a.col2 FROM table1 AS t1a, table2 AS t2a",
          )
  
          # chaining does too because these adapters don't share any
          # columns
          a4 = a2.chain(a1)
          self.assert_compile(
              a4.traverse(stmt),
              "SELECT t1a.col1, t2a.col2 FROM table1 AS t1a, table2 AS t2a",
          )
  
      def test_wrapping_inclusions(self):
          """test wrapping and inclusion rules together,
          taking into account multiple objects with equivalent hash identity."""
  
          t1a = t1.alias(name="t1a")
          t2a = t2.alias(name="t2a")
          a1 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(
              t1a, include_fn=lambda col: "a1" in col._annotations
          )
  
          s1 = select([t1a, t2a]).apply_labels().alias()
          a2 = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(
              s1, include_fn=lambda col: "a2" in col._annotations
          )
          a3 = a2.wrap(a1)
  
          c1a1 = t1.c.col1._annotate(dict(a1=True))
          c1a2 = t1.c.col1._annotate(dict(a2=True))
          c1aa = t1.c.col1._annotate(dict(a1=True, a2=True))
  
          c2a1 = t2.c.col1._annotate(dict(a1=True))
          c2a2 = t2.c.col1._annotate(dict(a2=True))
          c2aa = t2.c.col1._annotate(dict(a1=True, a2=True))
  
          is_(a3.columns[c1a1], t1a.c.col1)
          is_(a3.columns[c1a2], s1.c.t1a_col1)
          is_(a3.columns[c1aa], s1.c.t1a_col1)
  
          # not covered by a1, accepted by a2
          is_(a3.columns[c2aa], s1.c.t2a_col1)
  
          # not covered by a1, accepted by a2
          is_(a3.columns[c2a2], s1.c.t2a_col1)
          # not covered by a1, rejected by a2
          is_(a3.columns[c2a1], c2a1)
  
  
  class ClauseAdapterTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
      __dialect__ = "default"
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global t1, t2
          t1 = table("table1", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
          t2 = table("table2", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
  
      def test_correlation_on_clone(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          t2alias = t2.alias("t2alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
  
          s = select(
              [literal_column("*")], from_obj=[t1alias, t2alias]
          ).scalar_subquery()
          assert t2alias in s._froms
          assert t1alias in s._froms
  
          self.assert_compile(
              select([literal_column("*")], t2alias.c.col1 == s),
              "SELECT * FROM table2 AS t2alias WHERE "
              "t2alias.col1 = (SELECT * FROM table1 AS "
              "t1alias)",
          )
          s = vis.traverse(s)
  
          assert t2alias not in s._froms  # not present because it's been
          # cloned
          assert t1alias in s._froms  # present because the adapter placed
          # it there
  
          # correlate list on "s" needs to take into account the full
          # _cloned_set for each element in _froms when correlating
  
          self.assert_compile(
              select([literal_column("*")], t2alias.c.col1 == s),
              "SELECT * FROM table2 AS t2alias WHERE "
              "t2alias.col1 = (SELECT * FROM table1 AS "
              "t1alias)",
          )
          s = (
              select([literal_column("*")], from_obj=[t1alias, t2alias])
              .correlate(t2alias)
              .scalar_subquery()
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              select([literal_column("*")], t2alias.c.col1 == s),
              "SELECT * FROM table2 AS t2alias WHERE "
              "t2alias.col1 = (SELECT * FROM table1 AS "
              "t1alias)",
          )
          s = vis.traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([literal_column("*")], t2alias.c.col1 == s),
              "SELECT * FROM table2 AS t2alias WHERE "
              "t2alias.col1 = (SELECT * FROM table1 AS "
              "t1alias)",
          )
          s = CloningVisitor().traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([literal_column("*")], t2alias.c.col1 == s),
              "SELECT * FROM table2 AS t2alias WHERE "
              "t2alias.col1 = (SELECT * FROM table1 AS "
              "t1alias)",
          )
  
          s = (
              select([literal_column("*")])
              .where(t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
              .scalar_subquery()
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1.c.col1, s]),
              "SELECT table1.col1, (SELECT * FROM table2 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = table2.col1) AS "
              "anon_1 FROM table1",
          )
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          s = vis.traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias.c.col1, s]),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, (SELECT * FROM "
              "table2 WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col1) "
              "AS anon_1 FROM table1 AS t1alias",
          )
          s = CloningVisitor().traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias.c.col1, s]),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, (SELECT * FROM "
              "table2 WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col1) "
              "AS anon_1 FROM table1 AS t1alias",
          )
          s = (
              select([literal_column("*")])
              .where(t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
              .correlate(t1)
              .scalar_subquery()
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1.c.col1, s]),
              "SELECT table1.col1, (SELECT * FROM table2 "
              "WHERE table1.col1 = table2.col1) AS "
              "anon_1 FROM table1",
          )
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          s = vis.traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias.c.col1, s]),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, (SELECT * FROM "
              "table2 WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col1) "
              "AS anon_1 FROM table1 AS t1alias",
          )
          s = CloningVisitor().traverse(s)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias.c.col1, s]),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, (SELECT * FROM "
              "table2 WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col1) "
              "AS anon_1 FROM table1 AS t1alias",
          )
  
      def test_correlate_except_on_clone(self):
          # test [ticket:4537]'s issue
  
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          j = t1.join(t1alias, t1.c.col1 == t1alias.c.col2)
  
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(j)
  
          # "control" subquery - uses correlate which has worked w/ adaption
          # for a long time
          control_s = (
              select([t2.c.col1])
              .where(t2.c.col1 == t1.c.col1)
              .correlate(t2)
              .scalar_subquery()
          )
  
          # test subquery - given only t1 and t2 in the enclosing selectable,
          # will do the same thing as the "control" query since the correlation
          # works out the same
          s = (
              select([t2.c.col1])
              .where(t2.c.col1 == t1.c.col1)
              .correlate_except(t1)
              .scalar_subquery()
          )
  
          # use both subqueries in statements
          control_stmt = select([control_s, t1.c.col1, t2.c.col1]).select_from(
              t1.join(t2, t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
          )
  
          stmt = select([s, t1.c.col1, t2.c.col1]).select_from(
              t1.join(t2, t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
          )
          # they are the same
          self.assert_compile(
              control_stmt,
              "SELECT "
              "(SELECT table2.col1 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table2.col1 = table1.col1) AS anon_1, "
              "table1.col1, table2.col1 "
              "FROM table1 "
              "JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1",
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              stmt,
              "SELECT "
              "(SELECT table2.col1 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table2.col1 = table1.col1) AS anon_1, "
              "table1.col1, table2.col1 "
              "FROM table1 "
              "JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1",
          )
  
          # now test against the adaption of "t1" into "t1 JOIN t1alias".
          # note in the control case, we aren't actually testing that
          # Select is processing the "correlate" list during the adaption
          # since we aren't adapting the "correlate"
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(control_stmt),
              "SELECT "
              "(SELECT table2.col1 FROM "
              "table1 JOIN table1 AS t1alias ON table1.col1 = t1alias.col2 "
              "WHERE table2.col1 = table1.col1) AS anon_1, "
              "table1.col1, table2.col1 "
              "FROM table1 JOIN table1 AS t1alias ON table1.col1 = t1alias.col2 "
              "JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1",
          )
  
          # but here, correlate_except() does have the thing we're adapting
          # so whatever is in there has to be expanded out to include
          # the adaptation target, in this case "t1 JOIN t1alias".
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(stmt),
              "SELECT "
              "(SELECT table2.col1 FROM "
              "table1 JOIN table1 AS t1alias ON table1.col1 = t1alias.col2 "
              "WHERE table2.col1 = table1.col1) AS anon_1, "
              "table1.col1, table2.col1 "
              "FROM table1 JOIN table1 AS t1alias ON table1.col1 = t1alias.col2 "
              "JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1",
          )
  
      @testing.fails_on_everything_except()
      def test_joins_dont_adapt(self):
          # adapting to a join, i.e. ClauseAdapter(t1.join(t2)), doesn't
          # make much sense. ClauseAdapter doesn't make any changes if
          # it's against a straight join.
  
          users = table("users", column("id"))
          addresses = table("addresses", column("id"), column("user_id"))
  
          ualias = users.alias()
  
          s = select(
              [func.count(addresses.c.id)], users.c.id == addresses.c.user_id
          ).correlate(users)
          s = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(ualias).traverse(s)
  
          j1 = addresses.join(ualias, addresses.c.user_id == ualias.c.id)
  
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(j1).traverse(s),
              "SELECT count(addresses.id) AS count_1 "
              "FROM addresses WHERE users_1.id = "
              "addresses.user_id",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_1(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
  
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          ff = vis.traverse(func.count(t1.c.col1).label("foo"))
          assert list(_from_objects(ff)) == [t1alias]
  
      def test_table_to_alias_2(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(select([literal_column("*")], from_obj=[t1])),
              "SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_3(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(
                  select([literal_column("*")], t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2)
              ),
              "SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 "
              "WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col2",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_4(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(
                  select(
                      [literal_column("*")],
                      t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2,
                      from_obj=[t1, t2],
                  )
              ),
              "SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 "
              "WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col2",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_5(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias, t2]).where(
                  t1alias.c.col1
                  == vis.traverse(
                      select(
                          [literal_column("*")],
                          t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2,
                          from_obj=[t1, t2],
                      )
                      .correlate(t1)
                      .scalar_subquery()
                  )
              ),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, t1alias.col2, t1alias.col3, "
              "table2.col1, table2.col2, table2.col3 "
              "FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 WHERE t1alias.col1 = "
              "(SELECT * FROM table2 WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col2)",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_6(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias, t2]).where(
                  t1alias.c.col1
                  == vis.traverse(
                      select(
                          [literal_column("*")],
                          t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2,
                          from_obj=[t1, t2],
                      )
                      .correlate(t2)
                      .scalar_subquery()
                  )
              ),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, t1alias.col2, t1alias.col3, "
              "table2.col1, table2.col2, table2.col3 "
              "FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 "
              "WHERE t1alias.col1 = "
              "(SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias "
              "WHERE t1alias.col1 = table2.col2)",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_7(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(case([(t1.c.col1 == 5, t1.c.col2)], else_=t1.c.col1)),
              "CASE WHEN (t1alias.col1 = :col1_1) THEN "
              "t1alias.col2 ELSE t1alias.col1 END",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_8(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(
                  case([(5, t1.c.col2)], value=t1.c.col1, else_=t1.c.col1)
              ),
              "CASE t1alias.col1 WHEN :param_1 THEN "
              "t1alias.col2 ELSE t1alias.col1 END",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_9(self):
          s = select([literal_column("*")], from_obj=[t1]).alias("foo")
          self.assert_compile(
              s.select(), "SELECT foo.* FROM (SELECT * FROM table1) " "AS foo"
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_10(self):
          s = select([literal_column("*")], from_obj=[t1]).alias("foo")
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(s.select()),
              "SELECT foo.* FROM (SELECT * FROM table1 " "AS t1alias) AS foo",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_11(self):
          s = select([literal_column("*")], from_obj=[t1]).alias("foo")
          self.assert_compile(
              s.select(), "SELECT foo.* FROM (SELECT * FROM table1) " "AS foo"
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_12(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          ff = vis.traverse(func.count(t1.c.col1).label("foo"))
          self.assert_compile(
              select([ff]),
              "SELECT count(t1alias.col1) AS foo FROM " "table1 AS t1alias",
          )
          assert list(_from_objects(ff)) == [t1alias]
  
      # def test_table_to_alias_2(self):
      # TODO: self.assert_compile(vis.traverse(select([func.count(t1.c
      # .col1).l abel('foo')]), clone=True), "SELECT
      # count(t1alias.col1) AS foo FROM table1 AS t1alias")
  
      def test_table_to_alias_13(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          t2alias = t2.alias("t2alias")
          vis.chain(sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t2alias))
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(
                  select([literal_column("*")], t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2)
              ),
              "SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 "
              "AS t2alias WHERE t1alias.col1 = "
              "t2alias.col2",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_14(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          t2alias = t2.alias("t2alias")
          vis.chain(sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t2alias))
          self.assert_compile(
              vis.traverse(
                  select(["*"], t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2, from_obj=[t1, t2])
              ),
              "SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 "
              "AS t2alias WHERE t1alias.col1 = "
              "t2alias.col2",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_15(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          t2alias = t2.alias("t2alias")
          vis.chain(sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t2alias))
          self.assert_compile(
              select([t1alias, t2alias]).where(
                  t1alias.c.col1
                  == vis.traverse(
                      select(["*"], t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2, from_obj=[t1, t2])
                      .correlate(t1)
                      .scalar_subquery()
                  )
              ),
              "SELECT t1alias.col1, t1alias.col2, t1alias.col3, "
              "t2alias.col1, t2alias.col2, t2alias.col3 "
              "FROM table1 AS t1alias, table2 AS t2alias "
              "WHERE t1alias.col1 = "
              "(SELECT * FROM table2 AS t2alias "
              "WHERE t1alias.col1 = t2alias.col2)",
          )
  
      def test_table_to_alias_16(self):
          t1alias = t1.alias("t1alias")
          vis = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1alias)
          t2alias = t2.alias("t2alias")
          vis.chain(sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t2alias))
          self.assert_compile(
              t2alias.select().where(
                  t2alias.c.col2
                  == vis.traverse(
                      select(["*"], t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col2, from_obj=[t1, t2])
                      .correlate(t2)
                      .scalar_subquery()
                  )
              ),
              "SELECT t2alias.col1, t2alias.col2, t2alias.col3 "
              "FROM table2 AS t2alias WHERE t2alias.col2 = "
              "(SELECT * FROM table1 AS t1alias WHERE "
              "t1alias.col1 = t2alias.col2)",
          )
  
      def test_include_exclude(self):
          m = MetaData()
          a = Table(
              "a",
              m,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column(
                  "xxx_id",
                  Integer,
                  ForeignKey("a.id", name="adf", use_alter=True),
              ),
          )
  
          e = a.c.id == a.c.xxx_id
          assert str(e) == "a.id = a.xxx_id"
          b = a.alias()
  
          e = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(
              b,
              include_fn=lambda x: x in set([a.c.id]),
              equivalents={a.c.id: set([a.c.id])},
          ).traverse(e)
  
          assert str(e) == "a_1.id = a.xxx_id"
  
      def test_recursive_equivalents(self):
          m = MetaData()
          a = Table("a", m, Column("x", Integer), Column("y", Integer))
          b = Table("b", m, Column("x", Integer), Column("y", Integer))
          c = Table("c", m, Column("x", Integer), Column("y", Integer))
  
          # force a recursion overflow, by linking a.c.x<->c.c.x, and
          # asking for a nonexistent col.  corresponding_column should prevent
          # endless depth.
          adapt = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(
              b, equivalents={a.c.x: set([c.c.x]), c.c.x: set([a.c.x])}
          )
          assert adapt._corresponding_column(a.c.x, False) is None
  
      def test_multilevel_equivalents(self):
          m = MetaData()
          a = Table("a", m, Column("x", Integer), Column("y", Integer))
          b = Table("b", m, Column("x", Integer), Column("y", Integer))
          c = Table("c", m, Column("x", Integer), Column("y", Integer))
  
          alias = select([a]).select_from(a.join(b, a.c.x == b.c.x)).alias()
  
          # two levels of indirection from c.x->b.x->a.x, requires recursive
          # corresponding_column call
          adapt = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(
              alias, equivalents={b.c.x: set([a.c.x]), c.c.x: set([b.c.x])}
          )
          assert adapt._corresponding_column(a.c.x, False) is alias.c.x
          assert adapt._corresponding_column(c.c.x, False) is alias.c.x
  
      def test_join_to_alias(self):
          metadata = MetaData()
          a = Table("a", metadata, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True))
          b = Table(
              "b",
              metadata,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column("aid", Integer, ForeignKey("a.id")),
          )
          c = Table(
              "c",
              metadata,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column("bid", Integer, ForeignKey("b.id")),
          )
  
          d = Table(
              "d",
              metadata,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column("aid", Integer, ForeignKey("a.id")),
          )
  
          j1 = a.outerjoin(b)
          j2 = select([j1], use_labels=True)
  
          j3 = c.join(j2, j2.c.b_id == c.c.bid)
  
          j4 = j3.outerjoin(d)
          self.assert_compile(
              j4,
              "c JOIN (SELECT a.id AS a_id, b.id AS "
              "b_id, b.aid AS b_aid FROM a LEFT OUTER "
              "JOIN b ON a.id = b.aid) ON b_id = c.bid "
              "LEFT OUTER JOIN d ON a_id = d.aid",
          )
          j5 = j3.alias("foo")
          j6 = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(j5).copy_and_process([j4])[0]
  
          # this statement takes c join(a join b), wraps it inside an
          # aliased "select * from c join(a join b) AS foo". the outermost
          # right side "left outer join d" stays the same, except "d"
          # joins against foo.a_id instead of plain "a_id"
  
          self.assert_compile(
              j6,
              "(SELECT c.id AS c_id, c.bid AS c_bid, "
              "a_id AS a_id, b_id AS b_id, b_aid AS "
              "b_aid FROM c JOIN (SELECT a.id AS a_id, "
              "b.id AS b_id, b.aid AS b_aid FROM a LEFT "
              "OUTER JOIN b ON a.id = b.aid) ON b_id = "
              "c.bid) AS foo LEFT OUTER JOIN d ON "
              "foo.a_id = d.aid",
          )
  
      def test_derived_from(self):
          assert select([t1]).is_derived_from(t1)
          assert not select([t2]).is_derived_from(t1)
          assert not t1.is_derived_from(select([t1]))
          assert t1.alias().is_derived_from(t1)
  
          s1 = select([t1, t2]).alias("foo")
          s2 = select([s1]).limit(5).offset(10).alias()
          assert s2.is_derived_from(s1)
          s2 = s2._clone()
          assert s2.is_derived_from(s1)
  
      def test_aliasedselect_to_aliasedselect_straight(self):
  
          # original issue from ticket #904
  
          s1 = select([t1]).alias("foo")
          s2 = select([s1]).limit(5).offset(10).alias()
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(s2).traverse(s1),
              "SELECT foo.col1, foo.col2, foo.col3 FROM "
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 "
              "AS col2, table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1) "
              "AS foo LIMIT :param_1 OFFSET :param_2",
              {"param_1": 5, "param_2": 10},
          )
  
      def test_aliasedselect_to_aliasedselect_join(self):
          s1 = select([t1]).alias("foo")
          s2 = select([s1]).limit(5).offset(10).alias()
          j = s1.outerjoin(t2, s1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(s2).traverse(j).select(),
              "SELECT anon_1.col1, anon_1.col2, "
              "anon_1.col3, table2.col1, table2.col2, "
              "table2.col3 FROM (SELECT foo.col1 AS "
              "col1, foo.col2 AS col2, foo.col3 AS col3 "
              "FROM (SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, "
              "table1.col2 AS col2, table1.col3 AS col3 "
              "FROM table1) AS foo LIMIT :param_1 OFFSET "
              ":param_2) AS anon_1 LEFT OUTER JOIN "
              "table2 ON anon_1.col1 = table2.col1",
              {"param_1": 5, "param_2": 10},
          )
  
      def test_aliasedselect_to_aliasedselect_join_nested_table(self):
          s1 = select([t1]).alias("foo")
          s2 = select([s1]).limit(5).offset(10).alias()
          talias = t1.alias("bar")
  
          assert not s2.is_derived_from(talias)
          j = s1.outerjoin(talias, s1.c.col1 == talias.c.col1)
  
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(s2).traverse(j).select(),
              "SELECT anon_1.col1, anon_1.col2, "
              "anon_1.col3, bar.col1, bar.col2, bar.col3 "
              "FROM (SELECT foo.col1 AS col1, foo.col2 "
              "AS col2, foo.col3 AS col3 FROM (SELECT "
              "table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 AS col2, "
              "table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1) AS foo "
              "LIMIT :param_1 OFFSET :param_2) AS anon_1 "
              "LEFT OUTER JOIN table1 AS bar ON "
              "anon_1.col1 = bar.col1",
              {"param_1": 5, "param_2": 10},
          )
  
      def test_functions(self):
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1.alias()).traverse(func.count(t1.c.col1)),
              "count(table1_1.col1)",
          )
          s = select([func.count(t1.c.col1)])
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1.alias()).traverse(s),
              "SELECT count(table1_1.col1) AS count_1 "
              "FROM table1 AS table1_1",
          )
  
      def test_recursive(self):
          metadata = MetaData()
          a = Table("a", metadata, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True))
          b = Table(
              "b",
              metadata,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column("aid", Integer, ForeignKey("a.id")),
          )
          c = Table(
              "c",
              metadata,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column("bid", Integer, ForeignKey("b.id")),
          )
  
          d = Table(
              "d",
              metadata,
              Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
              Column("aid", Integer, ForeignKey("a.id")),
          )
  
          u = union(
              a.join(b).select().apply_labels(),
              a.join(d).select().apply_labels(),
          ).alias()
  
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.ClauseAdapter(u).traverse(
                  select([c.c.bid]).where(c.c.bid == u.c.b_aid)
              ),
              "SELECT c.bid "
              "FROM c, (SELECT a.id AS a_id, b.id AS b_id, b.aid AS b_aid "
              "FROM a JOIN b ON a.id = b.aid UNION SELECT a.id AS a_id, d.id "
              "AS d_id, d.aid AS d_aid "
              "FROM a JOIN d ON a.id = d.aid) AS anon_1 "
              "WHERE c.bid = anon_1.b_aid",
          )
  
      def test_label_anonymize_one(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
          adapter = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1a, anonymize_labels=True)
  
          expr = select([t1.c.col2]).where(t1.c.col3 == 5).label("expr")
          expr_adapted = adapter.traverse(expr)
  
          stmt = select([expr, expr_adapted]).order_by(expr, expr_adapted)
          self.assert_compile(
              stmt,
              "SELECT "
              "(SELECT table1.col2 FROM table1 WHERE table1.col3 = :col3_1) "
              "AS expr, "
              "(SELECT table1_1.col2 FROM table1 AS table1_1 "
              "WHERE table1_1.col3 = :col3_2) AS anon_1 "
              "ORDER BY expr, anon_1",
          )
  
      def test_label_anonymize_two(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
          adapter = sql_util.ClauseAdapter(t1a, anonymize_labels=True)
  
          expr = select([t1.c.col2]).where(t1.c.col3 == 5).label(None)
          expr_adapted = adapter.traverse(expr)
  
          stmt = select([expr, expr_adapted]).order_by(expr, expr_adapted)
          self.assert_compile(
              stmt,
              "SELECT "
              "(SELECT table1.col2 FROM table1 WHERE table1.col3 = :col3_1) "
              "AS anon_1, "
              "(SELECT table1_1.col2 FROM table1 AS table1_1 "
              "WHERE table1_1.col3 = :col3_2) AS anon_2 "
              "ORDER BY anon_1, anon_2",
          )
  
      def test_label_anonymize_three(self):
          t1a = t1.alias()
          adapter = sql_util.ColumnAdapter(
              t1a, anonymize_labels=True, allow_label_resolve=False
          )
  
          expr = select([t1.c.col2]).where(t1.c.col3 == 5).label(None)
          l1 = expr
          is_(l1._order_by_label_element, l1)
          eq_(l1._allow_label_resolve, True)
  
          expr_adapted = adapter.traverse(expr)
          l2 = expr_adapted
          is_(l2._order_by_label_element, l2)
          eq_(l2._allow_label_resolve, False)
  
          l3 = adapter.traverse(expr)
          is_(l3._order_by_label_element, l3)
          eq_(l3._allow_label_resolve, False)
  
  
  class SpliceJoinsTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
      __dialect__ = "default"
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global table1, table2, table3, table4
  
          def _table(name):
              return table(name, column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
  
          table1, table2, table3, table4 = [
              _table(name) for name in ("table1", "table2", "table3", "table4")
          ]
  
      def test_splice(self):
          t1, t2, t3, t4 = table1, table2, table1.alias(), table2.alias()
          j = (
              t1.join(t2, t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
              .join(t3, t2.c.col1 == t3.c.col1)
              .join(t4, t4.c.col1 == t1.c.col1)
          )
          s = select([t1]).where(t1.c.col2 < 5).alias()
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.splice_joins(s, j),
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 "
              "AS col2, table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 "
              "WHERE table1.col2 < :col2_1) AS anon_1 "
              "JOIN table2 ON anon_1.col1 = table2.col1 "
              "JOIN table1 AS table1_1 ON table2.col1 = "
              "table1_1.col1 JOIN table2 AS table2_1 ON "
              "table2_1.col1 = anon_1.col1",
          )
  
      def test_stop_on(self):
          t1, t2, t3 = table1, table2, table3
          j1 = t1.join(t2, t1.c.col1 == t2.c.col1)
          j2 = j1.join(t3, t2.c.col1 == t3.c.col1)
          s = select([t1]).select_from(j1).alias()
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.splice_joins(s, j2),
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 "
              "AS col2, table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 "
              "JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1) "
              "AS anon_1 JOIN table2 ON anon_1.col1 = "
              "table2.col1 JOIN table3 ON table2.col1 = "
              "table3.col1",
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.splice_joins(s, j2, j1),
              "(SELECT table1.col1 AS col1, table1.col2 "
              "AS col2, table1.col3 AS col3 FROM table1 "
              "JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col1) "
              "AS anon_1 JOIN table3 ON table2.col1 = "
              "table3.col1",
          )
  
      def test_splice_2(self):
          t2a = table2.alias()
          t3a = table3.alias()
          j1 = table1.join(t2a, table1.c.col1 == t2a.c.col1).join(
              t3a, t2a.c.col2 == t3a.c.col2
          )
          t2b = table4.alias()
          j2 = table1.join(t2b, table1.c.col3 == t2b.c.col3)
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.splice_joins(table1, j1),
              "table1 JOIN table2 AS table2_1 ON "
              "table1.col1 = table2_1.col1 JOIN table3 "
              "AS table3_1 ON table2_1.col2 = "
              "table3_1.col2",
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.splice_joins(table1, j2),
              "table1 JOIN table4 AS table4_1 ON " "table1.col3 = table4_1.col3",
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              sql_util.splice_joins(sql_util.splice_joins(table1, j1), j2),
              "table1 JOIN table2 AS table2_1 ON "
              "table1.col1 = table2_1.col1 JOIN table3 "
              "AS table3_1 ON table2_1.col2 = "
              "table3_1.col2 JOIN table4 AS table4_1 ON "
              "table1.col3 = table4_1.col3",
          )
  
  
  class SelectTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
  
      """tests the generative capability of Select"""
  
      __dialect__ = "default"
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global t1, t2
          t1 = table("table1", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
          t2 = table("table2", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
  
      def test_columns(self):
          s = t1.select()
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3 FROM table1"
          )
          select_copy = s.column(column("yyy"))
          self.assert_compile(
              select_copy,
              "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3, yyy FROM table1",
          )
          assert s.columns is not select_copy.columns
          assert s._columns is not select_copy._columns
          assert s._raw_columns is not select_copy._raw_columns
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3 FROM table1"
          )
  
      def test_froms(self):
          s = t1.select()
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3 FROM table1"
          )
          select_copy = s.select_from(t2)
          self.assert_compile(
              select_copy,
              "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, "
              "table1.col3 FROM table1, table2",
          )
          assert s._froms is not select_copy._froms
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3 FROM table1"
          )
  
      def test_prefixes(self):
          s = t1.select()
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3 FROM table1"
          )
          select_copy = s.prefix_with("FOOBER")
          self.assert_compile(
              select_copy,
              "SELECT FOOBER table1.col1, table1.col2, "
              "table1.col3 FROM table1",
          )
          self.assert_compile(
              s, "SELECT table1.col1, table1.col2, " "table1.col3 FROM table1"
          )
  
      def test_execution_options(self):
          s = select().execution_options(foo="bar")
          s2 = s.execution_options(bar="baz")
          s3 = s.execution_options(foo="not bar")
          # The original select should not be modified.
          eq_(s.get_execution_options(), dict(foo="bar"))
          # s2 should have its execution_options based on s, though.
          eq_(s2.get_execution_options(), dict(foo="bar", bar="baz"))
          eq_(s3.get_execution_options(), dict(foo="not bar"))
  
      def test_invalid_options(self):
          assert_raises(
              exc.ArgumentError, select().execution_options, compiled_cache={}
          )
  
          assert_raises(
              exc.ArgumentError,
              select().execution_options,
              isolation_level="READ_COMMITTED",
          )
  
      # this feature not available yet
      def _NOTYET_test_execution_options_in_kwargs(self):
          s = select(execution_options=dict(foo="bar"))
          s2 = s.execution_options(bar="baz")
          # The original select should not be modified.
          assert s._execution_options == dict(foo="bar")
          # s2 should have its execution_options based on s, though.
          assert s2._execution_options == dict(foo="bar", bar="baz")
  
      # this feature not available yet
      def _NOTYET_test_execution_options_in_text(self):
          s = text("select 42", execution_options=dict(foo="bar"))
          assert s._execution_options == dict(foo="bar")
  
  
  class ValuesBaseTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
  
      """Tests the generative capability of Insert, Update"""
  
      __dialect__ = "default"
  
      # fixme: consolidate converage from elsewhere here and expand
  
      @classmethod
      def setup_class(cls):
          global t1, t2
          t1 = table("table1", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
          t2 = table("table2", column("col1"), column("col2"), column("col3"))
  
      def test_prefixes(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          self.assert_compile(
              i,
              "INSERT INTO table1 (col1, col2, col3) "
              "VALUES (:col1, :col2, :col3)",
          )
  
          gen = i.prefix_with("foober")
          self.assert_compile(
              gen,
              "INSERT foober INTO table1 (col1, col2, col3) "
              "VALUES (:col1, :col2, :col3)",
          )
  
          self.assert_compile(
              i,
              "INSERT INTO table1 (col1, col2, col3) "
              "VALUES (:col1, :col2, :col3)",
          )
  
          i2 = t1.insert(prefixes=["squiznart"])
          self.assert_compile(
              i2,
              "INSERT squiznart INTO table1 (col1, col2, col3) "
              "VALUES (:col1, :col2, :col3)",
          )
  
          gen2 = i2.prefix_with("quux")
          self.assert_compile(
              gen2,
              "INSERT squiznart quux INTO "
              "table1 (col1, col2, col3) "
              "VALUES (:col1, :col2, :col3)",
          )
  
      def test_add_kwarg(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          eq_(i.parameters, None)
          i = i.values(col1=5)
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 5})
          i = i.values(col2=7)
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 5, "col2": 7})
  
      def test_via_tuple_single(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          eq_(i.parameters, None)
          i = i.values((5, 6, 7))
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 5, "col2": 6, "col3": 7})
  
      def test_kw_and_dict_simultaneously_single(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          i = i.values({"col1": 5}, col2=7)
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 5, "col2": 7})
  
      def test_via_tuple_multi(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          eq_(i.parameters, None)
          i = i.values([(5, 6, 7), (8, 9, 10)])
          eq_(
              i.parameters,
              [
                  {"col1": 5, "col2": 6, "col3": 7},
                  {"col1": 8, "col2": 9, "col3": 10},
              ],
          )
  
      def test_inline_values_single(self):
          i = t1.insert(values={"col1": 5})
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 5})
          is_(i._has_multi_parameters, False)
  
      def test_inline_values_multi(self):
          i = t1.insert(values=[{"col1": 5}, {"col1": 6}])
          eq_(i.parameters, [{"col1": 5}, {"col1": 6}])
          is_(i._has_multi_parameters, True)
  
      def test_add_dictionary(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          eq_(i.parameters, None)
          i = i.values({"col1": 5})
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 5})
          is_(i._has_multi_parameters, False)
  
          i = i.values({"col1": 6})
          # note replaces
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 6})
          is_(i._has_multi_parameters, False)
  
          i = i.values({"col2": 7})
          eq_(i.parameters, {"col1": 6, "col2": 7})
          is_(i._has_multi_parameters, False)
  
      def test_add_kwarg_disallowed_multi(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          i = i.values([{"col1": 5}, {"col1": 7}])
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.InvalidRequestError,
              "This construct already has multiple parameter sets.",
              i.values,
              col2=7,
          )
  
      def test_cant_mix_single_multi_formats_dict_to_list(self):
          i = t1.insert().values(col1=5)
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.ArgumentError,
              "Can't mix single-values and multiple values "
              "formats in one statement",
              i.values,
              [{"col1": 6}],
          )
  
      def test_cant_mix_single_multi_formats_list_to_dict(self):
          i = t1.insert().values([{"col1": 6}])
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.ArgumentError,
              "Can't mix single-values and multiple values "
              "formats in one statement",
              i.values,
              {"col1": 5},
          )
  
      def test_erroneous_multi_args_dicts(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.ArgumentError,
              "Only a single dictionary/tuple or list of "
              "dictionaries/tuples is accepted positionally.",
              i.values,
              {"col1": 5},
              {"col1": 7},
          )
  
      def test_erroneous_multi_args_tuples(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.ArgumentError,
              "Only a single dictionary/tuple or list of "
              "dictionaries/tuples is accepted positionally.",
              i.values,
              (5, 6, 7),
              (8, 9, 10),
          )
  
      def test_erroneous_multi_args_plus_kw(self):
          i = t1.insert()
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.ArgumentError,
              "Can't pass kwargs and multiple parameter sets simultaneously",
              i.values,
              [{"col1": 5}],
              col2=7,
          )
  
      def test_update_no_support_multi_values(self):
          u = t1.update()
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.InvalidRequestError,
              "This construct does not support multiple parameter sets.",
              u.values,
              [{"col1": 5}, {"col1": 7}],
          )
  
      def test_update_no_support_multi_constructor(self):
          assert_raises_message(
              exc.InvalidRequestError,
              "This construct does not support multiple parameter sets.",
              t1.update,
              values=[{"col1": 5}, {"col1": 7}],
          )
  