text: # coding: utf-8
  from __future__ import unicode_literals
  
  from collections import OrderedDict
  
  from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, ObjectDoesNotExist
  from django.core.urlresolvers import (
      NoReverseMatch, Resolver404, get_script_prefix, resolve
  )
  from django.db.models import Manager
  from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
  from django.utils import six
  from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
  from django.utils.six.moves.urllib import parse as urlparse
  from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
  
  from rest_framework.fields import (
      Field, empty, get_attribute, is_simple_callable, iter_options
  )
  from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
  from rest_framework.utils import html
  
  
  class Hyperlink(six.text_type):
      """
      A string like object that additionally has an associated name.
      We use this for hyperlinked URLs that may render as a named link
      in some contexts, or render as a plain URL in others.
      """
      def __new__(self, url, name):
          ret = six.text_type.__new__(self, url)
          ret.name = name
          return ret
  
      is_hyperlink = True
  
  
  class PKOnlyObject(object):
      """
      This is a mock object, used for when we only need the pk of the object
      instance, but still want to return an object with a .pk attribute,
      in order to keep the same interface as a regular model instance.
      """
      def __init__(self, pk):
          self.pk = pk
  
  
  # We assume that 'validators' are intended for the child serializer,
  # rather than the parent serializer.
  MANY_RELATION_KWARGS = (
      'read_only', 'write_only', 'required', 'default', 'initial', 'source',
      'label', 'help_text', 'style', 'error_messages', 'allow_empty'
  )
  
  
  class RelatedField(Field):
      queryset = None
      html_cutoff = 1000
      html_cutoff_text = _('More than {count} items...')
  
      def __init__(self, **kwargs):
          self.queryset = kwargs.pop('queryset', self.queryset)
          self.html_cutoff = kwargs.pop('html_cutoff', self.html_cutoff)
          self.html_cutoff_text = kwargs.pop('html_cutoff_text', self.html_cutoff_text)
          assert self.queryset is not None or kwargs.get('read_only', None), (
              'Relational field must provide a `queryset` argument, '
              'or set read_only=`True`.'
          )
          assert not (self.queryset is not None and kwargs.get('read_only', None)), (
              'Relational fields should not provide a `queryset` argument, '
              'when setting read_only=`True`.'
          )
          kwargs.pop('many', None)
          kwargs.pop('allow_empty', None)
          super(RelatedField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
  
      def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
          # We override this method in order to automagically create
          # `ManyRelatedField` classes instead when `many=True` is set.
          if kwargs.pop('many', False):
              return cls.many_init(*args, **kwargs)
          return super(RelatedField, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
  
      @classmethod
      def many_init(cls, *args, **kwargs):
          """
          This method handles creating a parent `ManyRelatedField` instance
          when the `many=True` keyword argument is passed.
  
          Typically you won't need to override this method.
  
          Note that we're over-cautious in passing most arguments to both parent
          and child classes in order to try to cover the general case. If you're
          overriding this method you'll probably want something much simpler, eg:
  
          @classmethod
          def many_init(cls, *args, **kwargs):
              kwargs['child'] = cls()
              return CustomManyRelatedField(*args, **kwargs)
          """
          list_kwargs = {'child_relation': cls(*args, **kwargs)}
          for key in kwargs.keys():
              if key in MANY_RELATION_KWARGS:
                  list_kwargs[key] = kwargs[key]
          return ManyRelatedField(**list_kwargs)
  
      def run_validation(self, data=empty):
          # We force empty strings to None values for relational fields.
          if data == '':
              data = None
          return super(RelatedField, self).run_validation(data)
  
      def get_queryset(self):
          queryset = self.queryset
          if isinstance(queryset, (QuerySet, Manager)):
              # Ensure queryset is re-evaluated whenever used.
              # Note that actually a `Manager` class may also be used as the
              # queryset argument. This occurs on ModelSerializer fields,
              # as it allows us to generate a more expressive 'repr' output
              # for the field.
              # Eg: 'MyRelationship(queryset=ExampleModel.objects.all())'
              queryset = queryset.all()
          return queryset
  
      def use_pk_only_optimization(self):
          return False
  
      def get_attribute(self, instance):
          if self.use_pk_only_optimization() and self.source_attrs:
              # Optimized case, return a mock object only containing the pk attribute.
              try:
                  instance = get_attribute(instance, self.source_attrs[:-1])
                  value = instance.serializable_value(self.source_attrs[-1])
                  if is_simple_callable(value):
                      # Handle edge case where the relationship `source` argument
                      # points to a `get_relationship()` method on the model
                      value = value().pk
                  return PKOnlyObject(pk=value)
              except AttributeError:
                  pass
  
          # Standard case, return the object instance.
          return get_attribute(instance, self.source_attrs)
  
      @property
      def choices(self):
          queryset = self.get_queryset()
          if queryset is None:
              # Ensure that field.choices returns something sensible
              # even when accessed with a read-only field.
              return {}
  
          return OrderedDict([
              (
                  six.text_type(self.to_representation(item)),
                  self.display_value(item)
              )
              for item in queryset
          ])
  
      @property
      def grouped_choices(self):
          return self.choices
  
      def iter_options(self):
          return iter_options(
              self.grouped_choices,
              cutoff=self.html_cutoff,
              cutoff_text=self.html_cutoff_text
          )
  
      def display_value(self, instance):
          return six.text_type(instance)
  
  
  class StringRelatedField(RelatedField):
      """
      A read only field that represents its targets using their
      plain string representation.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, **kwargs):
          kwargs['read_only'] = True
          super(StringRelatedField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
  
      def to_representation(self, value):
          return six.text_type(value)
  
  
  class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField):
      default_error_messages = {
          'required': _('This field is required.'),
          'does_not_exist': _('Invalid pk "{pk_value}" - object does not exist.'),
          'incorrect_type': _('Incorrect type. Expected pk value, received {data_type}.'),
      }
  
      def __init__(self, **kwargs):
          self.pk_field = kwargs.pop('pk_field', None)
          super(PrimaryKeyRelatedField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
  
      def use_pk_only_optimization(self):
          return True
  
      def to_internal_value(self, data):
          if self.pk_field is not None:
              data = self.pk_field.to_internal_value(data)
          try:
              return self.get_queryset().get(pk=data)
          except ObjectDoesNotExist:
              self.fail('does_not_exist', pk_value=data)
          except (TypeError, ValueError):
              self.fail('incorrect_type', data_type=type(data).__name__)
  
      def to_representation(self, value):
          if self.pk_field is not None:
              return self.pk_field.to_representation(value.pk)
          return value.pk
  
  
  class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
      lookup_field = 'pk'
      view_name = None
  
      default_error_messages = {
          'required': _('This field is required.'),
          'no_match': _('Invalid hyperlink - No URL match.'),
          'incorrect_match': _('Invalid hyperlink - Incorrect URL match.'),
          'does_not_exist': _('Invalid hyperlink - Object does not exist.'),
          'incorrect_type': _('Incorrect type. Expected URL string, received {data_type}.'),
      }
  
      def __init__(self, view_name=None, **kwargs):
          if view_name is not None:
              self.view_name = view_name
          assert self.view_name is not None, 'The `view_name` argument is required.'
          self.lookup_field = kwargs.pop('lookup_field', self.lookup_field)
          self.lookup_url_kwarg = kwargs.pop('lookup_url_kwarg', self.lookup_field)
          self.format = kwargs.pop('format', None)
  
          # We include this simply for dependency injection in tests.
          # We can't add it as a class attributes or it would expect an
          # implicit `self` argument to be passed.
          self.reverse = reverse
  
          super(HyperlinkedRelatedField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
  
      def use_pk_only_optimization(self):
          return self.lookup_field == 'pk'
  
      def get_object(self, view_name, view_args, view_kwargs):
          """
          Return the object corresponding to a matched URL.
  
          Takes the matched URL conf arguments, and should return an
          object instance, or raise an `ObjectDoesNotExist` exception.
          """
          lookup_value = view_kwargs[self.lookup_url_kwarg]
          lookup_kwargs = {self.lookup_field: lookup_value}
          return self.get_queryset().get(**lookup_kwargs)
  
      def get_url(self, obj, view_name, request, format):
          """
          Given an object, return the URL that hyperlinks to the object.
  
          May raise a `NoReverseMatch` if the `view_name` and `lookup_field`
          attributes are not configured to correctly match the URL conf.
          """
          # Unsaved objects will not yet have a valid URL.
          if hasattr(obj, 'pk') and obj.pk is None:
              return None
  
          lookup_value = getattr(obj, self.lookup_field)
          kwargs = {self.lookup_url_kwarg: lookup_value}
          return self.reverse(view_name, kwargs=kwargs, request=request, format=format)
  
      def get_name(self, obj):
          return six.text_type(obj)
  
      def to_internal_value(self, data):
          request = self.context.get('request', None)
          try:
              http_prefix = data.startswith(('http:', 'https:'))
          except AttributeError:
              self.fail('incorrect_type', data_type=type(data).__name__)
  
          if http_prefix:
              # If needed convert absolute URLs to relative path
              data = urlparse.urlparse(data).path
              prefix = get_script_prefix()
              if data.startswith(prefix):
                  data = '/' + data[len(prefix):]
  
          try:
              match = resolve(data)
          except Resolver404:
              self.fail('no_match')
  
          try:
              expected_viewname = request.versioning_scheme.get_versioned_viewname(
                  self.view_name, request
              )
          except AttributeError:
              expected_viewname = self.view_name
  
          if match.view_name != expected_viewname:
              self.fail('incorrect_match')
  
          try:
              return self.get_object(match.view_name, match.args, match.kwargs)
          except (ObjectDoesNotExist, TypeError, ValueError):
              self.fail('does_not_exist')
  
      def to_representation(self, value):
          request = self.context.get('request', None)
          format = self.context.get('format', None)
  
          assert request is not None, (
              "`%s` requires the request in the serializer"
              " context. Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating "
              "the serializer." % self.__class__.__name__
          )
  
          # By default use whatever format is given for the current context
          # unless the target is a different type to the source.
          #
          # Eg. Consider a HyperlinkedIdentityField pointing from a json
          # representation to an html property of that representation...
          #
          # '/snippets/1/' should link to '/snippets/1/highlight/'
          # ...but...
          # '/snippets/1/.json' should link to '/snippets/1/highlight/.html'
          if format and self.format and self.format != format:
              format = self.format
  
          # Return the hyperlink, or error if incorrectly configured.
          try:
              url = self.get_url(value, self.view_name, request, format)
          except NoReverseMatch:
              msg = (
                  'Could not resolve URL for hyperlinked relationship using '
                  'view name "%s". You may have failed to include the related '
                  'model in your API, or incorrectly configured the '
                  '`lookup_field` attribute on this field.'
              )
              if value in ('', None):
                  value_string = {'': 'the empty string', None: 'None'}[value]
                  msg += (
                      " WARNING: The value of the field on the model instance "
                      "was %s, which may be why it didn't match any "
                      "entries in your URL conf." % value_string
                  )
              raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg % self.view_name)
  
          if url is None:
              return None
  
          name = self.get_name(value)
          return Hyperlink(url, name)
  
  
  class HyperlinkedIdentityField(HyperlinkedRelatedField):
      """
      A read-only field that represents the identity URL for an object, itself.
  
      This is in contrast to `HyperlinkedRelatedField` which represents the
      URL of relationships to other objects.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, view_name=None, **kwargs):
          assert view_name is not None, 'The `view_name` argument is required.'
          kwargs['read_only'] = True
          kwargs['source'] = '*'
          super(HyperlinkedIdentityField, self).__init__(view_name, **kwargs)
  
      def use_pk_only_optimization(self):
          # We have the complete object instance already. We don't need
          # to run the 'only get the pk for this relationship' code.
          return False
  
  
  class SlugRelatedField(RelatedField):
      """
      A read-write field that represents the target of the relationship
      by a unique 'slug' attribute.
      """
  
      default_error_messages = {
          'does_not_exist': _('Object with {slug_name}={value} does not exist.'),
          'invalid': _('Invalid value.'),
      }
  
      def __init__(self, slug_field=None, **kwargs):
          assert slug_field is not None, 'The `slug_field` argument is required.'
          self.slug_field = slug_field
          super(SlugRelatedField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
  
      def to_internal_value(self, data):
          try:
              return self.get_queryset().get(**{self.slug_field: data})
          except ObjectDoesNotExist:
              self.fail('does_not_exist', slug_name=self.slug_field, value=smart_text(data))
          except (TypeError, ValueError):
              self.fail('invalid')
  
      def to_representation(self, obj):
          return getattr(obj, self.slug_field)
  
  
  class ManyRelatedField(Field):
      """
      Relationships with `many=True` transparently get coerced into instead being
      a ManyRelatedField with a child relationship.
  
      The `ManyRelatedField` class is responsible for handling iterating through
      the values and passing each one to the child relationship.
  
      This class is treated as private API.
      You shouldn't generally need to be using this class directly yourself,
      and should instead simply set 'many=True' on the relationship.
      """
      initial = []
      default_empty_html = []
      default_error_messages = {
          'not_a_list': _('Expected a list of items but got type "{input_type}".'),
          'empty': _('This list may not be empty.')
      }
      html_cutoff = 1000
      html_cutoff_text = _('More than {count} items...')
  
      def __init__(self, child_relation=None, *args, **kwargs):
          self.child_relation = child_relation
          self.allow_empty = kwargs.pop('allow_empty', True)
          self.html_cutoff = kwargs.pop('html_cutoff', self.html_cutoff)
          self.html_cutoff_text = kwargs.pop('html_cutoff_text', self.html_cutoff_text)
  
          assert child_relation is not None, '`child_relation` is a required argument.'
          super(ManyRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
          self.child_relation.bind(field_name='', parent=self)
  
      def get_value(self, dictionary):
          # We override the default field access in order to support
          # lists in HTML forms.
          if html.is_html_input(dictionary):
              # Don't return [] if the update is partial
              if self.field_name not in dictionary:
                  if getattr(self.root, 'partial', False):
                      return empty
              return dictionary.getlist(self.field_name)
  
          return dictionary.get(self.field_name, empty)
  
      def to_internal_value(self, data):
          if isinstance(data, type('')) or not hasattr(data, '__iter__'):
              self.fail('not_a_list', input_type=type(data).__name__)
          if not self.allow_empty and len(data) == 0:
              self.fail('empty')
  
          return [
              self.child_relation.to_internal_value(item)
              for item in data
          ]
  
      def get_attribute(self, instance):
          # Can't have any relationships if not created
          if hasattr(instance, 'pk') and instance.pk is None:
              return []
  
          relationship = get_attribute(instance, self.source_attrs)
          return relationship.all() if (hasattr(relationship, 'all')) else relationship
  
      def to_representation(self, iterable):
          return [
              self.child_relation.to_representation(value)
              for value in iterable
          ]
  
      @property
      def choices(self):
          return self.child_relation.choices
  
      @property
      def grouped_choices(self):
          return self.choices
  
      def iter_options(self):
          return iter_options(
              self.grouped_choices,
              cutoff=self.html_cutoff,
              cutoff_text=self.html_cutoff_text
          )
  