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  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i) {
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  #define __Pyx_SetItemInt(o, i, v, size, to_py_func) (((size) <= sizeof(Py_ssize_t)) ? \
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                                                      __Pyx_SetItemInt_Generic(o, to_py_func(i), v))
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_SetItemInt_Generic(PyObject *o, PyObject *j, PyObject *v) {
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      Py_DECREF(j);
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  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_SetItemInt_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v) {
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  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_CheckKeywordStrings(PyObject *kwdict,
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  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneNotIterableError(void);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNeedMoreValuesError(Py_ssize_t index);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(Py_ssize_t expected);
  
  static void __Pyx_UnpackTupleError(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t index); /*proto*/
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  static int __Pyx_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags);
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  #define __Pyx_GetBuffer PyObject_GetBuffer
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  Py_ssize_t __Pyx_zeros[] = {0, 0};
  Py_ssize_t __Pyx_minusones[] = {-1, -1};
  
  static PyObject *__Pyx_Import(PyObject *name, PyObject *from_list); /*proto*/
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_PyInt_to_py_Py_intptr_t(Py_intptr_t);
  
  #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
    #ifdef __cplusplus
      #define __Pyx_CREAL(z) ((z).real())
      #define __Pyx_CIMAG(z) ((z).imag())
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      #define __Pyx_CREAL(z) (__real__(z))
      #define __Pyx_CIMAG(z) (__imag__(z))
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  #else
      #define __Pyx_CREAL(z) ((z).real)
      #define __Pyx_CIMAG(z) ((z).imag)
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  #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__cplusplus) && CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
      #define __Pyx_SET_CREAL(z,x) ((z).real(x))
      #define __Pyx_SET_CIMAG(z,y) ((z).imag(y))
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      #define __Pyx_SET_CREAL(z,x) __Pyx_CREAL(z) = (x)
      #define __Pyx_SET_CIMAG(z,y) __Pyx_CIMAG(z) = (y)
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  static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float, float);
  
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      #define __Pyx_c_eqf(a, b)   ((a)==(b))
      #define __Pyx_c_sumf(a, b)  ((a)+(b))
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      #define __Pyx_c_prodf(a, b) ((a)*(b))
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    #ifdef __cplusplus
      #define __Pyx_c_is_zerof(z) ((z)==(float)0)
      #define __Pyx_c_conjf(z)    (::std::conj(z))
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          #define __Pyx_c_absf(z)     (::std::abs(z))
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      #define __Pyx_c_is_zerof(z) ((z)==0)
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  static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double, double);
  
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      #define __Pyx_c_eq(a, b)   ((a)==(b))
      #define __Pyx_c_sum(a, b)  ((a)+(b))
      #define __Pyx_c_diff(a, b) ((a)-(b))
      #define __Pyx_c_prod(a, b) ((a)*(b))
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    #ifdef __cplusplus
      #define __Pyx_c_is_zero(z) ((z)==(double)0)
      #define __Pyx_c_conj(z)    (::std::conj(z))
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          #define __Pyx_c_abs(z)     (::std::abs(z))
          #define __Pyx_c_pow(a, b)  (::std::pow(a, b))
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    #else
      #define __Pyx_c_is_zero(z) ((z)==0)
      #define __Pyx_c_conj(z)    (conj(z))
      #if 1
          #define __Pyx_c_abs(z)     (cabs(z))
          #define __Pyx_c_pow(a, b)  (cpow(a, b))
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      static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eq(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_sum(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_diff(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
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  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned char __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedChar(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned short __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedShort(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned int __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedInt(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE char __Pyx_PyInt_AsChar(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE short __Pyx_PyInt_AsShort(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed char __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedChar(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed short __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedShort(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed int __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedInt(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_AsLongDouble(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned long __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned PY_LONG_LONG __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE long __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE PY_LONG_LONG __Pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed long __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLong(PyObject *);
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed PY_LONG_LONG __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLongLong(PyObject *);
  
  static PyTypeObject *__Pyx_ImportType(const char *module_name, const char *class_name, long size, int strict);  /*proto*/
  
  static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(const char *name); /*proto*/
  
  static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname); /*proto*/
  
  static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t); /*proto*/
  /* Module declarations from cpython.buffer */
  
  /* Module declarations from cpython.ref */
  
  /* Module declarations from libc.stdio */
  
  /* Module declarations from cpython.object */
  
  /* Module declarations from libc.stdlib */
  
  /* Module declarations from numpy */
  
  /* Module declarations from numpy */
  
  static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_dtype = 0;
  static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_flatiter = 0;
  static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_broadcast = 0;
  static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray = 0;
  static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ufunc = 0;
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_f_5numpy_PyArray_MultiIterNew1(PyObject *); /*proto*/
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_f_5numpy_PyArray_MultiIterNew2(PyObject *, PyObject *); /*proto*/
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_f_5numpy_PyArray_MultiIterNew3(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *); /*proto*/
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_f_5numpy_PyArray_MultiIterNew4(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *); /*proto*/
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_f_5numpy_PyArray_MultiIterNew5(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *); /*proto*/
  static CYTHON_INLINE char *__pyx_f_5numpy__util_dtypestring(PyArray_Descr *, char *, char *, int *); /*proto*/
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __pyx_f_5numpy_set_array_base(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *); /*proto*/
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  /* Module declarations from mlpy.libml */
  
  static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_4mlpy_5libml_KNN = 0;
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  static char __pyx_k_38[] = "Format string allocated too short.";
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  static char __pyx_k__I[] = "I";
  static char __pyx_k__L[] = "L";
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  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__classes;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__data;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__descr;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__format;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__int;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__int32;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__numpy;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__shape;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__strides;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__stumps;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__suboffsets;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__tree;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__type_num;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__unique;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__x;
  static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__y;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_int_1;
  static PyObject *__pyx_int_2;
  static PyObject *__pyx_int_neg_1;
  static PyObject *__pyx_int_neg_2;
  static PyObject *__pyx_int_15;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_13;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_2;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_4;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_6;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_8;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_10;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_11;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_12;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_16;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_17;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_18;
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  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_20;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_21;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_22;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_23;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_24;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_25;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_26;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_27;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_29;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_31;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_33;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_36;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_37;
  static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_39;
  
  /* "mlpy/libml/libml.pyx":34
   *     cdef int *classes
   * 
   *     def __cinit__(self, k):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
   *         """Initialization.
   * 
   */
  
  static int __pyx_pf_4mlpy_5libml_3KNN___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds); /*proto*/
  static int __pyx_pf_4mlpy_5libml_3KNN___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds) {
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    Py_INCREF(__pyx_m);
    #endif
    __pyx_b = PyImport_AddModule(__Pyx_NAMESTR(__Pyx_BUILTIN_MODULE_NAME));
    if (!__pyx_b) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
    if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "__builtins__", __pyx_b) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
    /*--- Initialize various global constants etc. ---*/
    if (unlikely(__Pyx_InitGlobals() < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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      if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "__name__", __pyx_n_s____main__) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
    }
    /*--- Builtin init code ---*/
    if (unlikely(__Pyx_InitCachedBuiltins() < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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    __pyx_ptype_4mlpy_5libml_KNN = &__pyx_type_4mlpy_5libml_KNN;
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    if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "MaximumLikelihoodC", (PyObject *)&__pyx_type_4mlpy_5libml_MaximumLikelihoodC) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 417; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    __pyx_ptype_4mlpy_5libml_MaximumLikelihoodC = &__pyx_type_4mlpy_5libml_MaximumLikelihoodC;
    /*--- Type import code ---*/
    __pyx_ptype_5numpy_dtype = __Pyx_ImportType("numpy", "dtype", sizeof(PyArray_Descr), 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_ptype_5numpy_dtype)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[1]; __pyx_lineno = 149; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    __pyx_ptype_5numpy_flatiter = __Pyx_ImportType("numpy", "flatiter", sizeof(PyArrayIterObject), 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_ptype_5numpy_flatiter)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[1]; __pyx_lineno = 159; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    __pyx_ptype_5numpy_broadcast = __Pyx_ImportType("numpy", "broadcast", sizeof(PyArrayMultiIterObject), 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_ptype_5numpy_broadcast)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[1]; __pyx_lineno = 163; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray = __Pyx_ImportType("numpy", "ndarray", sizeof(PyArrayObject), 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[1]; __pyx_lineno = 172; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ufunc = __Pyx_ImportType("numpy", "ufunc", sizeof(PyUFuncObject), 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ufunc)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[1]; __pyx_lineno = 849; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    /*--- Function import code ---*/
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    /* "mlpy/libml/libml.pyx":18
   * 
   * 
   * import numpy as np             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
   * cimport numpy as np
   * from libc.stdlib cimport *
   */
    __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_Import(((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__numpy), 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 18; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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    __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
  
    /* "mlpy/libml/libml.pyx":24
   * from clibml cimport *
   * 
   * np.import_array()             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
   * 
   * 
   */
    import_array();
  
    /* "mlpy/libml/libml.pyx":220
   *     cdef int *classes
   * 
   *     def __cinit__(self, stumps=False, minsize=0):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
   *         """Initialization.
   * 
   */
    __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_PyBool_FromLong(0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 220; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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    __pyx_t_1 = 0;
  
    /* "mlpy/libml/libml.pyx":1
   * ## This code is written by Davide Albanese, <albanese@fbk.eu>             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
   * ## (C) 2011 mlpy Developers.
   * 
   */
    __pyx_t_1 = PyDict_New(); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
    __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1));
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    __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1)); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
  
    /* "numpy.pxd":963
   *      arr.base = baseptr
   * 
   * cdef inline object get_array_base(ndarray arr):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
   *     if arr.base is NULL:
   *         return None
   */
    goto __pyx_L0;
    __pyx_L1_error:;
    __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_t_1);
    if (__pyx_m) {
      __Pyx_AddTraceback("init mlpy.libml");
      Py_DECREF(__pyx_m); __pyx_m = 0;
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    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    return;
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    return __pyx_m;
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  /* Runtime support code */
  
  static PyObject *__Pyx_GetName(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name) {
      PyObject *result;
      result = PyObject_GetAttr(dict, name);
      if (!result)
          PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_NameError, name);
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  static void __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(
      const char* func_name,
      PyObject* kw_name)
  {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
          "%s() got multiple values for keyword argument '%U'", func_name, kw_name);
          #else
          "%s() got multiple values for keyword argument '%s'", func_name,
          PyString_AS_STRING(kw_name));
          #endif
  }
  
  static int __Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(
      PyObject *kwds,
      PyObject **argnames[],
      PyObject *kwds2,
      PyObject *values[],
      Py_ssize_t num_pos_args,
      const char* function_name)
  {
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      Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
      PyObject*** name;
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      while (PyDict_Next(kwds, &pos, &key, &value)) {
          name = first_kw_arg;
          while (*name && (**name != key)) name++;
          if (*name) {
              values[name-argnames] = value;
          } else {
              #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
              if (unlikely(!PyString_CheckExact(key)) && unlikely(!PyString_Check(key))) {
              #else
              if (unlikely(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) && unlikely(!PyUnicode_Check(key))) {
              #endif
                  goto invalid_keyword_type;
              } else {
                  for (name = first_kw_arg; *name; name++) {
                      #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                      if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) == PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key) &&
                          PyUnicode_Compare(**name, key) == 0) break;
                      #else
                      if (PyString_GET_SIZE(**name) == PyString_GET_SIZE(key) &&
                          _PyString_Eq(**name, key)) break;
                      #endif
                  }
                  if (*name) {
                      values[name-argnames] = value;
                  } else {
                      /* unexpected keyword found */
                      for (name=argnames; name != first_kw_arg; name++) {
                          if (**name == key) goto arg_passed_twice;
                          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                          if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) == PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key) &&
                              PyUnicode_Compare(**name, key) == 0) goto arg_passed_twice;
                          #else
                          if (PyString_GET_SIZE(**name) == PyString_GET_SIZE(key) &&
                              _PyString_Eq(**name, key)) goto arg_passed_twice;
                          #endif
                      }
                      if (kwds2) {
                          if (unlikely(PyDict_SetItem(kwds2, key, value))) goto bad;
                      } else {
                          goto invalid_keyword;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      return 0;
  arg_passed_twice:
      __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(function_name, **name);
      goto bad;
  invalid_keyword_type:
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
          "%s() keywords must be strings", function_name);
      goto bad;
  invalid_keyword:
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
      #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
          "%s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%s'",
          function_name, PyString_AsString(key));
      #else
          "%s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'",
          function_name, key);
      #endif
  bad:
      return -1;
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  static void __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid(
      const char* func_name,
      int exact,
      Py_ssize_t num_min,
      Py_ssize_t num_max,
      Py_ssize_t num_found)
  {
      Py_ssize_t num_expected;
      const char *number, *more_or_less;
  
      if (num_found < num_min) {
          num_expected = num_min;
          more_or_less = "at least";
      } else {
          num_expected = num_max;
          more_or_less = "at most";
      }
      if (exact) {
          more_or_less = "exactly";
      }
      number = (num_expected == 1) ? "" : "s";
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
          #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
              "%s() takes %s %d positional argument%s (%d given)",
          #else
              "%s() takes %s %zd positional argument%s (%zd given)",
          #endif
          func_name, more_or_less, num_expected, number, num_found);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_TypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type) {
      if (unlikely(!type)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "Missing type object");
          return 0;
      }
      if (likely(PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type)))
          return 1;
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot convert %.200s to %.200s",
                   Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, type->tp_name);
      return 0;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IsLittleEndian(void) {
    unsigned int n = 1;
    return *(unsigned char*)(&n) != 0;
  }
  
  typedef struct {
    __Pyx_StructField root;
    __Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem* head;
    size_t fmt_offset;
    int new_count, enc_count;
    int is_complex;
    char enc_type;
    char packmode;
  } __Pyx_BufFmt_Context;
  
  static void __Pyx_BufFmt_Init(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx,
                                __Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem* stack,
                                __Pyx_TypeInfo* type) {
    stack[0].field = &ctx->root;
    stack[0].parent_offset = 0;
    ctx->root.type = type;
    ctx->root.name = "buffer dtype";
    ctx->root.offset = 0;
    ctx->head = stack;
    ctx->head->field = &ctx->root;
    ctx->fmt_offset = 0;
    ctx->head->parent_offset = 0;
    ctx->packmode = '@';
    ctx->new_count = 1;
    ctx->enc_count = 0;
    ctx->enc_type = 0;
    ctx->is_complex = 0;
    while (type->typegroup == 'S') {
      ++ctx->head;
      ctx->head->field = type->fields;
      ctx->head->parent_offset = 0;
      type = type->fields->type;
    }
  }
  
  static int __Pyx_BufFmt_ParseNumber(const char** ts) {
      int count;
      const char* t = *ts;
      if (*t < '0' || *t > '9') {
        return -1;
      } else {
          count = *t++ - '0';
          while (*t >= '0' && *t < '9') {
              count *= 10;
              count += *t++ - '0';
          }
      }
      *ts = t;
      return count;
  }
  
  static void __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(char ch) {
    char msg[] = {ch, 0};
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unexpected format string character: '%s'", msg);
  }
  
  static const char* __Pyx_BufFmt_DescribeTypeChar(char ch, int is_complex) {
    switch (ch) {
      case 'b': return "'char'";
      case 'B': return "'unsigned char'";
      case 'h': return "'short'";
      case 'H': return "'unsigned short'";
      case 'i': return "'int'";
      case 'I': return "'unsigned int'";
      case 'l': return "'long'";
      case 'L': return "'unsigned long'";
      case 'q': return "'long long'";
      case 'Q': return "'unsigned long long'";
      case 'f': return (is_complex ? "'complex float'" : "'float'");
      case 'd': return (is_complex ? "'complex double'" : "'double'");
      case 'g': return (is_complex ? "'complex long double'" : "'long double'");
      case 'T': return "a struct";
      case 'O': return "Python object";
      case 'P': return "a pointer";
      case 0: return "end";
      default: return "unparseable format string";
    }
  }
  
  static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToStandardSize(char ch, int is_complex) {
    switch (ch) {
      case '?': case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': return 1;
      case 'h': case 'H': return 2;
      case 'i': case 'I': case 'l': case 'L': return 4;
      case 'q': case 'Q': return 8;
      case 'f': return (is_complex ? 8 : 4);
      case 'd': return (is_complex ? 16 : 8);
      case 'g': {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Python does not define a standard format string size for long double ('g')..");
        return 0;
      }
      case 'O': case 'P': return sizeof(void*);
      default:
        __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
        return 0;
      }
  }
  
  static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToNativeSize(char ch, int is_complex) {
    switch (ch) {
      case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': return 1;
      case 'h': case 'H': return sizeof(short);
      case 'i': case 'I': return sizeof(int);
      case 'l': case 'L': return sizeof(long);
      #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
      case 'q': case 'Q': return sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG);
      #endif
      case 'f': return sizeof(float) * (is_complex ? 2 : 1);
      case 'd': return sizeof(double) * (is_complex ? 2 : 1);
      case 'g': return sizeof(long double) * (is_complex ? 2 : 1);
      case 'O': case 'P': return sizeof(void*);
      default: {
        __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
        return 0;
      }
    }
  }
  
  typedef struct { char c; short x; } __Pyx_st_short;
  typedef struct { char c; int x; } __Pyx_st_int;
  typedef struct { char c; long x; } __Pyx_st_long;
  typedef struct { char c; float x; } __Pyx_st_float;
  typedef struct { char c; double x; } __Pyx_st_double;
  typedef struct { char c; long double x; } __Pyx_st_longdouble;
  typedef struct { char c; void *x; } __Pyx_st_void_p;
  #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
  typedef struct { char c; PY_LONG_LONG x; } __Pyx_s_long_long;
  #endif
  
  static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToAlignment(char ch, int is_complex) {
    switch (ch) {
      case '?': case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': return 1;
      case 'h': case 'H': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_short) - sizeof(short);
      case 'i': case 'I': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_int) - sizeof(int);
      case 'l': case 'L': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_long) - sizeof(long);
  #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
      case 'q': case 'Q': return sizeof(__Pyx_s_long_long) - sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG);
  #endif
      case 'f': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_float) - sizeof(float);
      case 'd': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_double) - sizeof(double);
      case 'g': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_longdouble) - sizeof(long double);
      case 'P': case 'O': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_void_p) - sizeof(void*);
      default:
        __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
        return 0;
      }
  }
  
  static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToGroup(char ch, int is_complex) {
    switch (ch) {
      case 'c': case 'b': case 'h': case 'i': case 'l': case 'q': return 'I';
      case 'B': case 'H': case 'I': case 'L': case 'Q': return 'U';
      case 'f': case 'd': case 'g': return (is_complex ? 'C' : 'R');
      case 'O': return 'O';
      case 'P': return 'P';
      default: {
        __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
        return 0;
      }
    }
  }
  
  static void __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx) {
    if (ctx->head == NULL || ctx->head->field == &ctx->root) {
      const char* expected;
      const char* quote;
      if (ctx->head == NULL) {
        expected = "end";
        quote = "";
      } else {
        expected = ctx->head->field->type->name;
        quote = "'";
      }
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                   "Buffer dtype mismatch, expected %s%s%s but got %s",
                   quote, expected, quote,
                   __Pyx_BufFmt_DescribeTypeChar(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex));
    } else {
      __Pyx_StructField* field = ctx->head->field;
      __Pyx_StructField* parent = (ctx->head - 1)->field;
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                   "Buffer dtype mismatch, expected '%s' but got %s in '%s.%s'",
                   field->type->name, __Pyx_BufFmt_DescribeTypeChar(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex),
                   parent->type->name, field->name);
    }
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  static int __Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx) {
    char group;
    size_t size, offset;
    if (ctx->enc_type == 0) return 0;
    group = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToGroup(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
    do {
      __Pyx_StructField* field = ctx->head->field;
      __Pyx_TypeInfo* type = field->type;
  
      if (ctx->packmode == '@' || ctx->packmode == '^') {
        size = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToNativeSize(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
      } else {
        size = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToStandardSize(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
      }
      if (ctx->packmode == '@') {
        int align_at = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToAlignment(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
        int align_mod_offset;
        if (align_at == 0) return -1;
        align_mod_offset = ctx->fmt_offset % align_at;
        if (align_mod_offset > 0) ctx->fmt_offset += align_at - align_mod_offset;
      }
  
      if (type->size != size || type->typegroup != group) {
        if (type->typegroup == 'C' && type->fields != NULL) {
          /* special case -- treat as struct rather than complex number */
          size_t parent_offset = ctx->head->parent_offset + field->offset;
          ++ctx->head;
          ctx->head->field = type->fields;
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          continue;
        }
  
        __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
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      offset = ctx->head->parent_offset + field->offset;
      if (ctx->fmt_offset != offset) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                     "Buffer dtype mismatch; next field is at offset %"PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T"d "
                     "but %"PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T"d expected", ctx->fmt_offset, offset);
        return -1;
      }
  
      ctx->fmt_offset += size;
  
      --ctx->enc_count; /* Consume from buffer string */
  
      /* Done checking, move to next field, pushing or popping struct stack if needed */
      while (1) {
        if (field == &ctx->root) {
          ctx->head = NULL;
          if (ctx->enc_count != 0) {
            __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
            return -1;
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          break; /* breaks both loops as ctx->enc_count == 0 */
        }
        ctx->head->field = ++field;
        if (field->type == NULL) {
          --ctx->head;
          field = ctx->head->field;
          continue;
        } else if (field->type->typegroup == 'S') {
          size_t parent_offset = ctx->head->parent_offset + field->offset;
          if (field->type->fields->type == NULL) continue; /* empty struct */
          field = field->type->fields;
          ++ctx->head;
          ctx->head->field = field;
          ctx->head->parent_offset = parent_offset;
          break;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
    } while (ctx->enc_count);
    ctx->enc_type = 0;
    ctx->is_complex = 0;
    return 0;
  }
  
  static int __Pyx_BufFmt_FirstPack(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx) {
    if (ctx->enc_type != 0 || ctx->packmode != '@') {
      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Buffer packing mode currently only allowed at beginning of format string (this is a defect)");
      return -1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  
  static const char* __Pyx_BufFmt_CheckString(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx, const char* ts) {
    int got_Z = 0;
    while (1) {
      switch(*ts) {
        case 0:
          if (ctx->enc_type != 0 && ctx->head == NULL) {
            __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
            return NULL;
          }
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          if (ctx->head != NULL) {
            __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
            return NULL;
          }
          return ts;
        case ' ':
        case 10:
        case 13:
          ++ts;
          break;
        case '<':
          if (!__Pyx_IsLittleEndian()) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Little-endian buffer not supported on big-endian compiler");
            return NULL;
          }
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_FirstPack(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->packmode = '=';
          ++ts;
          break;
        case '>':
        case '!':
          if (__Pyx_IsLittleEndian()) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Big-endian buffer not supported on little-endian compiler");
            return NULL;
          }
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_FirstPack(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->packmode = '=';
          ++ts;
          break;
        case '=':
        case '@':
        case '^':
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_FirstPack(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->packmode = *ts++;
          break;
        case 'T': /* substruct */
          {
            int i;
            const char* ts_after_sub;
            int struct_count = ctx->new_count;
            ctx->new_count = 1;
            ++ts;
            if (*ts != '{') {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Buffer acquisition: Expected '{' after 'T'");
              return NULL;
            }
            ++ts;
            ts_after_sub = ts;
            for (i = 0; i != struct_count; ++i) {
              ts_after_sub = __Pyx_BufFmt_CheckString(ctx, ts);
              if (!ts_after_sub) return NULL;
            }
            ts = ts_after_sub;
          }
          break;
        case '}': /* end of substruct; either repeat or move on */
          ++ts;
          return ts;
        case 'x':
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->fmt_offset += ctx->new_count;
          ctx->new_count = 1;
          ctx->enc_count = 0;
          ctx->enc_type = 0;
          ++ts;
          break;
        case 'Z':
          got_Z = 1;
          ++ts;
          if (*ts != 'f' && *ts != 'd' && *ts != 'g') {
            __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar('Z');
            return NULL;
          }        /* fall through */
        case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': case 'h': case 'H': case 'i': case 'I':
        case 'l': case 'L': case 'q': case 'Q':
        case 'f': case 'd': case 'g':
        case 'O':
          if (ctx->enc_type == *ts && got_Z == ctx->is_complex) {
            /* Continue pooling same type */
            ctx->enc_count += ctx->new_count;
          } else {
            /* New type */
            if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
            ctx->enc_count = ctx->new_count;
            ctx->enc_type = *ts;
            ctx->is_complex = got_Z;
          }
          ++ts;
          ctx->new_count = 1;
          got_Z = 0;
          break;
        default:
          {
            ctx->new_count = __Pyx_BufFmt_ParseNumber(&ts);
            if (ctx->new_count == -1) { /* First char was not a digit */
              char msg[2] = { *ts, 0 };
              PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                           "Does not understand character buffer dtype format string ('%s')", msg);
              return NULL;
            }
          }
  
      }
    }
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(Py_buffer* buf) {
    buf->buf = NULL;
    buf->obj = NULL;
    buf->strides = __Pyx_zeros;
    buf->shape = __Pyx_zeros;
    buf->suboffsets = __Pyx_minusones;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_GetBufferAndValidate(Py_buffer* buf, PyObject* obj, __Pyx_TypeInfo* dtype, int flags, int nd, int cast, __Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem* stack) {
    if (obj == Py_None) {
      __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(buf);
      return 0;
    }
    buf->buf = NULL;
    if (__Pyx_GetBuffer(obj, buf, flags) == -1) goto fail;
    if (buf->ndim != nd) {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                   "Buffer has wrong number of dimensions (expected %d, got %d)",
                   nd, buf->ndim);
      goto fail;
    }
    if (!cast) {
      __Pyx_BufFmt_Context ctx;
      __Pyx_BufFmt_Init(&ctx, stack, dtype);
      if (!__Pyx_BufFmt_CheckString(&ctx, buf->format)) goto fail;
    }
    if ((unsigned)buf->itemsize != dtype->size) {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
        "Item size of buffer (%"PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T"d byte%s) does not match size of '%s' (%"PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T"d byte%s)",
        buf->itemsize, (buf->itemsize > 1) ? "s" : "",
        dtype->name,
        dtype->size, (dtype->size > 1) ? "s" : "");
      goto fail;
    }
    if (buf->suboffsets == NULL) buf->suboffsets = __Pyx_minusones;
    return 0;
  fail:;
    __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(buf);
    return -1;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_SafeReleaseBuffer(Py_buffer* info) {
    if (info->buf == NULL) return;
    if (info->suboffsets == __Pyx_minusones) info->suboffsets = NULL;
    __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer(info);
  }
  
  static void __Pyx_RaiseBufferFallbackError(void) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
       "Buffer acquisition failed on assignment; and then reacquiring the old buffer failed too!");
  }
  
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ErrRestore(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
      PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
      PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
  
      tmp_type = tstate->curexc_type;
      tmp_value = tstate->curexc_value;
      tmp_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
      tstate->curexc_type = type;
      tstate->curexc_value = value;
      tstate->curexc_traceback = tb;
      Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
      Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
      Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ErrFetch(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
      PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
      *type = tstate->curexc_type;
      *value = tstate->curexc_value;
      *tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
  
      tstate->curexc_type = 0;
      tstate->curexc_value = 0;
      tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
  }
  
  
  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
      Py_XINCREF(type);
      Py_XINCREF(value);
      Py_XINCREF(tb);
      /* First, check the traceback argument, replacing None with NULL. */
      if (tb == Py_None) {
          Py_DECREF(tb);
          tb = 0;
      }
      else if (tb != NULL && !PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
              "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
          goto raise_error;
      }
      /* Next, replace a missing value with None */
      if (value == NULL) {
          value = Py_None;
          Py_INCREF(value);
      }
      #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
      if (!PyClass_Check(type))
      #else
      if (!PyType_Check(type))
      #endif
      {
          /* Raising an instance.  The value should be a dummy. */
          if (value != Py_None) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                  "instance exception may not have a separate value");
              goto raise_error;
          }
          /* Normalize to raise <class>, <instance> */
          Py_DECREF(value);
          value = type;
          #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
              if (PyInstance_Check(type)) {
                  type = (PyObject*) ((PyInstanceObject*)type)->in_class;
                  Py_INCREF(type);
              }
              else {
                  type = 0;
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "raise: exception must be an old-style class or instance");
                  goto raise_error;
              }
          #else
              type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(type);
              Py_INCREF(type);
              if (!PyType_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject *)type, (PyTypeObject *)PyExc_BaseException)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
                  goto raise_error;
              }
          #endif
      }
  
      __Pyx_ErrRestore(type, value, tb);
      return;
  raise_error:
      Py_XDECREF(value);
      Py_XDECREF(type);
      Py_XDECREF(tb);
      return;
  }
  
  #else /* Python 3+ */
  
  static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
      if (tb == Py_None) {
          tb = 0;
      } else if (tb && !PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
              "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
          goto bad;
      }
      if (value == Py_None)
          value = 0;
  
      if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(type)) {
          if (value) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                  "instance exception may not have a separate value");
              goto bad;
          }
          value = type;
          type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(value);
      } else if (!PyExceptionClass_Check(type)) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
              "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
          goto bad;
      }
  
      PyErr_SetObject(type, value);
  
      if (tb) {
          PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
          PyObject* tmp_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
          if (tb != tmp_tb) {
              Py_INCREF(tb);
              tstate->curexc_traceback = tb;
              Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
          }
      }
  
  bad:
      return;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_CheckKeywordStrings(
      PyObject *kwdict,
      const char* function_name,
      int kw_allowed)
  {
      PyObject* key = 0;
      Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
      while (PyDict_Next(kwdict, &pos, &key, 0)) {
          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
          if (unlikely(!PyString_CheckExact(key)) && unlikely(!PyString_Check(key)))
          #else
          if (unlikely(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) && unlikely(!PyUnicode_Check(key)))
          #endif
              goto invalid_keyword_type;
      }
      if ((!kw_allowed) && unlikely(key))
          goto invalid_keyword;
      return 1;
  invalid_keyword_type:
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
          "%s() keywords must be strings", function_name);
      return 0;
  invalid_keyword:
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
      #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
          "%s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%s'",
          function_name, PyString_AsString(key));
      #else
          "%s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'",
          function_name, key);
      #endif
      return 0;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneNotIterableError(void) {
      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "'NoneType' object is not iterable");
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNeedMoreValuesError(Py_ssize_t index) {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
          #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
                   "need more than %d value%s to unpack", (int)index,
          #else
                   "need more than %zd value%s to unpack", index,
          #endif
                   (index == 1) ? "" : "s");
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(Py_ssize_t expected) {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
          #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
              "too many values to unpack (expected %d)", (int)expected);
          #else
              "too many values to unpack (expected %zd)", expected);
          #endif
  }
  
  static void __Pyx_UnpackTupleError(PyObject *t, Py_ssize_t index) {
      if (t == Py_None) {
        __Pyx_RaiseNoneNotIterableError();
      } else if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(t) < index) {
        __Pyx_RaiseNeedMoreValuesError(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(t));
      } else {
        __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(index);
      }
  }
  
  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  static int __Pyx_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
    #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02060000
    if (Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER)
        return PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, view, flags);
    #endif
    if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) return __pyx_pf_5numpy_7ndarray___getbuffer__(obj, view, flags);
    else {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%100s' does not have the buffer interface", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
    return -1;
      }
  }
  
  static void __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer(Py_buffer *view) {
    PyObject* obj = view->obj;
    if (obj) {
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) __pyx_pf_5numpy_7ndarray_1__releasebuffer__(obj, view);
      Py_DECREF(obj);
      view->obj = NULL;
    }
  }
  
  #endif
  
  static PyObject *__Pyx_Import(PyObject *name, PyObject *from_list) {
      PyObject *py_import = 0;
      PyObject *empty_list = 0;
      PyObject *module = 0;
      PyObject *global_dict = 0;
      PyObject *empty_dict = 0;
      PyObject *list;
      py_import = __Pyx_GetAttrString(__pyx_b, "__import__");
      if (!py_import)
          goto bad;
      if (from_list)
          list = from_list;
      else {
          empty_list = PyList_New(0);
          if (!empty_list)
              goto bad;
          list = empty_list;
      }
      global_dict = PyModule_GetDict(__pyx_m);
      if (!global_dict)
          goto bad;
      empty_dict = PyDict_New();
      if (!empty_dict)
          goto bad;
      module = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(py_import,
          name, global_dict, empty_dict, list, NULL);
  bad:
      Py_XDECREF(empty_list);
      Py_XDECREF(py_import);
      Py_XDECREF(empty_dict);
      return module;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_PyInt_to_py_Py_intptr_t(Py_intptr_t val) {
      const Py_intptr_t neg_one = (Py_intptr_t)-1, const_zero = (Py_intptr_t)0;
      const int is_unsigned = const_zero < neg_one;
      if ((sizeof(Py_intptr_t) == sizeof(char))  ||
          (sizeof(Py_intptr_t) == sizeof(short))) {
          return PyInt_FromLong((long)val);
      } else if ((sizeof(Py_intptr_t) == sizeof(int)) ||
                 (sizeof(Py_intptr_t) == sizeof(long))) {
          if (is_unsigned)
              return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long)val);
          else
              return PyInt_FromLong((long)val);
      } else if (sizeof(Py_intptr_t) == sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
          if (is_unsigned)
              return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)val);
          else
              return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG)val);
      } else {
          int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
          unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&val;
          return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof(Py_intptr_t), 
                                       little, !is_unsigned);
      }
  }
  
  #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
    #ifdef __cplusplus
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float x, float y) {
        return ::std::complex< float >(x, y);
      }
    #else
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float x, float y) {
        return x + y*(__pyx_t_float_complex)_Complex_I;
      }
    #endif
  #else
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float x, float y) {
        __pyx_t_float_complex z;
        z.real = x;
        z.imag = y;
        return z;
      }
  #endif
  
  #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
  #else
      static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eqf(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
         return (a.real == b.real) && (a.imag == b.imag);
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_sumf(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_float_complex z;
          z.real = a.real + b.real;
          z.imag = a.imag + b.imag;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_difff(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_float_complex z;
          z.real = a.real - b.real;
          z.imag = a.imag - b.imag;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_prodf(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_float_complex z;
          z.real = a.real * b.real - a.imag * b.imag;
          z.imag = a.real * b.imag + a.imag * b.real;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_quotf(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_float_complex z;
          float denom = b.real * b.real + b.imag * b.imag;
          z.real = (a.real * b.real + a.imag * b.imag) / denom;
          z.imag = (a.imag * b.real - a.real * b.imag) / denom;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_negf(__pyx_t_float_complex a) {
          __pyx_t_float_complex z;
          z.real = -a.real;
          z.imag = -a.imag;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_is_zerof(__pyx_t_float_complex a) {
         return (a.real == 0) && (a.imag == 0);
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_conjf(__pyx_t_float_complex a) {
          __pyx_t_float_complex z;
          z.real =  a.real;
          z.imag = -a.imag;
          return z;
      }
      #if 1
          static CYTHON_INLINE float __Pyx_c_absf(__pyx_t_float_complex z) {
            #if !defined(HAVE_HYPOT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
              return sqrtf(z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag);
            #else
              return hypotf(z.real, z.imag);
            #endif
          }
          static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_powf(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
              __pyx_t_float_complex z;
              float r, lnr, theta, z_r, z_theta;
              if (b.imag == 0 && b.real == (int)b.real) {
                  if (b.real < 0) {
                      float denom = a.real * a.real + a.imag * a.imag;
                      a.real = a.real / denom;
                      a.imag = -a.imag / denom;
                      b.real = -b.real;
                  }
                  switch ((int)b.real) {
                      case 0:
                          z.real = 1;
                          z.imag = 0;
                          return z;
                      case 1:
                          return a;
                      case 2:
                          z = __Pyx_c_prodf(a, a);
                          return __Pyx_c_prodf(a, a);
                      case 3:
                          z = __Pyx_c_prodf(a, a);
                          return __Pyx_c_prodf(z, a);
                      case 4:
                          z = __Pyx_c_prodf(a, a);
                          return __Pyx_c_prodf(z, z);
                  }
              }
              if (a.imag == 0) {
                  if (a.real == 0) {
                      return a;
                  }
                  r = a.real;
                  theta = 0;
              } else {
                  r = __Pyx_c_absf(a);
                  theta = atan2f(a.imag, a.real);
              }
              lnr = logf(r);
              z_r = expf(lnr * b.real - theta * b.imag);
              z_theta = theta * b.real + lnr * b.imag;
              z.real = z_r * cosf(z_theta);
              z.imag = z_r * sinf(z_theta);
              return z;
          }
      #endif
  #endif
  
  #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
    #ifdef __cplusplus
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double x, double y) {
        return ::std::complex< double >(x, y);
      }
    #else
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double x, double y) {
        return x + y*(__pyx_t_double_complex)_Complex_I;
      }
    #endif
  #else
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double x, double y) {
        __pyx_t_double_complex z;
        z.real = x;
        z.imag = y;
        return z;
      }
  #endif
  
  #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
  #else
      static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eq(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
         return (a.real == b.real) && (a.imag == b.imag);
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_sum(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_double_complex z;
          z.real = a.real + b.real;
          z.imag = a.imag + b.imag;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_diff(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_double_complex z;
          z.real = a.real - b.real;
          z.imag = a.imag - b.imag;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_prod(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_double_complex z;
          z.real = a.real * b.real - a.imag * b.imag;
          z.imag = a.real * b.imag + a.imag * b.real;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_quot(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
          __pyx_t_double_complex z;
          double denom = b.real * b.real + b.imag * b.imag;
          z.real = (a.real * b.real + a.imag * b.imag) / denom;
          z.imag = (a.imag * b.real - a.real * b.imag) / denom;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_neg(__pyx_t_double_complex a) {
          __pyx_t_double_complex z;
          z.real = -a.real;
          z.imag = -a.imag;
          return z;
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_is_zero(__pyx_t_double_complex a) {
         return (a.real == 0) && (a.imag == 0);
      }
      static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_conj(__pyx_t_double_complex a) {
          __pyx_t_double_complex z;
          z.real =  a.real;
          z.imag = -a.imag;
          return z;
      }
      #if 1
          static CYTHON_INLINE double __Pyx_c_abs(__pyx_t_double_complex z) {
            #if !defined(HAVE_HYPOT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
              return sqrt(z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag);
            #else
              return hypot(z.real, z.imag);
            #endif
          }
          static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_pow(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
              __pyx_t_double_complex z;
              double r, lnr, theta, z_r, z_theta;
              if (b.imag == 0 && b.real == (int)b.real) {
                  if (b.real < 0) {
                      double denom = a.real * a.real + a.imag * a.imag;
                      a.real = a.real / denom;
                      a.imag = -a.imag / denom;
                      b.real = -b.real;
                  }
                  switch ((int)b.real) {
                      case 0:
                          z.real = 1;
                          z.imag = 0;
                          return z;
                      case 1:
                          return a;
                      case 2:
                          z = __Pyx_c_prod(a, a);
                          return __Pyx_c_prod(a, a);
                      case 3:
                          z = __Pyx_c_prod(a, a);
                          return __Pyx_c_prod(z, a);
                      case 4:
                          z = __Pyx_c_prod(a, a);
                          return __Pyx_c_prod(z, z);
                  }
              }
              if (a.imag == 0) {
                  if (a.real == 0) {
                      return a;
                  }
                  r = a.real;
                  theta = 0;
              } else {
                  r = __Pyx_c_abs(a);
                  theta = atan2(a.imag, a.real);
              }
              lnr = log(r);
              z_r = exp(lnr * b.real - theta * b.imag);
              z_theta = theta * b.real + lnr * b.imag;
              z.real = z_r * cos(z_theta);
              z.imag = z_r * sin(z_theta);
              return z;
          }
      #endif
  #endif
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned char __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedChar(PyObject* x) {
      const unsigned char neg_one = (unsigned char)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(unsigned char) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(unsigned char)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to unsigned char" :
                      "value too large to convert to unsigned char");
              }
              return (unsigned char)-1;
          }
          return (unsigned char)val;
      }
      return (unsigned char)__Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned short __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedShort(PyObject* x) {
      const unsigned short neg_one = (unsigned short)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(unsigned short) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(unsigned short)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to unsigned short" :
                      "value too large to convert to unsigned short");
              }
              return (unsigned short)-1;
          }
          return (unsigned short)val;
      }
      return (unsigned short)__Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned int __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedInt(PyObject* x) {
      const unsigned int neg_one = (unsigned int)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(unsigned int) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(unsigned int)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to unsigned int" :
                      "value too large to convert to unsigned int");
              }
              return (unsigned int)-1;
          }
          return (unsigned int)val;
      }
      return (unsigned int)__Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE char __Pyx_PyInt_AsChar(PyObject* x) {
      const char neg_one = (char)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(char) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(char)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to char" :
                      "value too large to convert to char");
              }
              return (char)-1;
          }
          return (char)val;
      }
      return (char)__Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE short __Pyx_PyInt_AsShort(PyObject* x) {
      const short neg_one = (short)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(short) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(short)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to short" :
                      "value too large to convert to short");
              }
              return (short)-1;
          }
          return (short)val;
      }
      return (short)__Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(PyObject* x) {
      const int neg_one = (int)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(int) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(int)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to int" :
                      "value too large to convert to int");
              }
              return (int)-1;
          }
          return (int)val;
      }
      return (int)__Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed char __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedChar(PyObject* x) {
      const signed char neg_one = (signed char)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(signed char) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(signed char)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to signed char" :
                      "value too large to convert to signed char");
              }
              return (signed char)-1;
          }
          return (signed char)val;
      }
      return (signed char)__Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed short __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedShort(PyObject* x) {
      const signed short neg_one = (signed short)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(signed short) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(signed short)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to signed short" :
                      "value too large to convert to signed short");
              }
              return (signed short)-1;
          }
          return (signed short)val;
      }
      return (signed short)__Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed int __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedInt(PyObject* x) {
      const signed int neg_one = (signed int)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(signed int) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(signed int)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to signed int" :
                      "value too large to convert to signed int");
              }
              return (signed int)-1;
          }
          return (signed int)val;
      }
      return (signed int)__Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_AsLongDouble(PyObject* x) {
      const int neg_one = (int)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
      if (sizeof(int) < sizeof(long)) {
          long val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
          if (unlikely(val != (long)(int)val)) {
              if (!unlikely(val == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                      (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) ?
                      "can't convert negative value to int" :
                      "value too large to convert to int");
              }
              return (int)-1;
          }
          return (int)val;
      }
      return (int)__Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned long __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject* x) {
      const unsigned long neg_one = (unsigned long)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
          long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
          if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "can't convert negative value to unsigned long");
              return (unsigned long)-1;
          }
          return (unsigned long)val;
      } else
  #endif
      if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
          if (is_unsigned) {
              if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                                  "can't convert negative value to unsigned long");
                  return (unsigned long)-1;
              }
              return PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x);
          } else {
              return PyLong_AsLong(x);
          }
      } else {
          unsigned long val;
          PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
          if (!tmp) return (unsigned long)-1;
          val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLong(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          return val;
      }
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE unsigned PY_LONG_LONG __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject* x) {
      const unsigned PY_LONG_LONG neg_one = (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
          long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
          if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "can't convert negative value to unsigned PY_LONG_LONG");
              return (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
          }
          return (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)val;
      } else
  #endif
      if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
          if (is_unsigned) {
              if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                                  "can't convert negative value to unsigned PY_LONG_LONG");
                  return (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
              }
              return PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x);
          } else {
              return PyLong_AsLongLong(x);
          }
      } else {
          unsigned PY_LONG_LONG val;
          PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
          if (!tmp) return (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
          val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          return val;
      }
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE long __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(PyObject* x) {
      const long neg_one = (long)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
          long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
          if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "can't convert negative value to long");
              return (long)-1;
          }
          return (long)val;
      } else
  #endif
      if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
          if (is_unsigned) {
              if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                                  "can't convert negative value to long");
                  return (long)-1;
              }
              return PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x);
          } else {
              return PyLong_AsLong(x);
          }
      } else {
          long val;
          PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
          if (!tmp) return (long)-1;
          val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          return val;
      }
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE PY_LONG_LONG __Pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong(PyObject* x) {
      const PY_LONG_LONG neg_one = (PY_LONG_LONG)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
          long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
          if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "can't convert negative value to PY_LONG_LONG");
              return (PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
          }
          return (PY_LONG_LONG)val;
      } else
  #endif
      if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
          if (is_unsigned) {
              if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                                  "can't convert negative value to PY_LONG_LONG");
                  return (PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
              }
              return PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x);
          } else {
              return PyLong_AsLongLong(x);
          }
      } else {
          PY_LONG_LONG val;
          PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
          if (!tmp) return (PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
          val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          return val;
      }
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed long __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLong(PyObject* x) {
      const signed long neg_one = (signed long)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
          long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
          if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "can't convert negative value to signed long");
              return (signed long)-1;
          }
          return (signed long)val;
      } else
  #endif
      if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
          if (is_unsigned) {
              if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                                  "can't convert negative value to signed long");
                  return (signed long)-1;
              }
              return PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x);
          } else {
              return PyLong_AsLong(x);
          }
      } else {
          signed long val;
          PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
          if (!tmp) return (signed long)-1;
          val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLong(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          return val;
      }
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE signed PY_LONG_LONG __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLongLong(PyObject* x) {
      const signed PY_LONG_LONG neg_one = (signed PY_LONG_LONG)-1, const_zero = 0;
      const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
          long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
          if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "can't convert negative value to signed PY_LONG_LONG");
              return (signed PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
          }
          return (signed PY_LONG_LONG)val;
      } else
  #endif
      if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
          if (is_unsigned) {
              if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                                  "can't convert negative value to signed PY_LONG_LONG");
                  return (signed PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
              }
              return PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x);
          } else {
              return PyLong_AsLongLong(x);
          }
      } else {
          signed PY_LONG_LONG val;
          PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
          if (!tmp) return (signed PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
          val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsSignedLongLong(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          return val;
      }
  }
  
  #ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportType
  #define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportType
  static PyTypeObject *__Pyx_ImportType(const char *module_name, const char *class_name,
      long size, int strict)
  {
      PyObject *py_module = 0;
      PyObject *result = 0;
      PyObject *py_name = 0;
      char warning[200];
  
      py_module = __Pyx_ImportModule(module_name);
      if (!py_module)
          goto bad;
      #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
      py_name = PyString_FromString(class_name);
      #else
      py_name = PyUnicode_FromString(class_name);
      #endif
      if (!py_name)
          goto bad;
      result = PyObject_GetAttr(py_module, py_name);
      Py_DECREF(py_name);
      py_name = 0;
      Py_DECREF(py_module);
      py_module = 0;
      if (!result)
          goto bad;
      if (!PyType_Check(result)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
              "%s.%s is not a type object",
              module_name, class_name);
          goto bad;
      }
      if (!strict && ((PyTypeObject *)result)->tp_basicsize > size) {
          PyOS_snprintf(warning, sizeof(warning),
              "%s.%s size changed, may indicate binary incompatibility",
              module_name, class_name);
          #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
          PyErr_Warn(NULL, warning);
          #else
          PyErr_WarnEx(NULL, warning, 0);
          #endif
      }
      else if (((PyTypeObject *)result)->tp_basicsize != size) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
              "%s.%s has the wrong size, try recompiling",
              module_name, class_name);
          goto bad;
      }
      return (PyTypeObject *)result;
  bad:
      Py_XDECREF(py_module);
      Py_XDECREF(result);
      return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
  #define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
  static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(const char *name) {
      PyObject *py_name = 0;
      PyObject *py_module = 0;
  
      #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
      py_name = PyString_FromString(name);
      #else
      py_name = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
      #endif
      if (!py_name)
          goto bad;
      py_module = PyImport_Import(py_name);
      Py_DECREF(py_name);
      return py_module;
  bad:
      Py_XDECREF(py_name);
      return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  #include "compile.h"
  #include "frameobject.h"
  #include "traceback.h"
  
  static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname) {
      PyObject *py_srcfile = 0;
      PyObject *py_funcname = 0;
      PyObject *py_globals = 0;
      PyCodeObject *py_code = 0;
      PyFrameObject *py_frame = 0;
  
      #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
      py_srcfile = PyString_FromString(__pyx_filename);
      #else
      py_srcfile = PyUnicode_FromString(__pyx_filename);
      #endif
      if (!py_srcfile) goto bad;
      if (__pyx_clineno) {
          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
          py_funcname = PyString_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, __pyx_clineno);
          #else
          py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, __pyx_clineno);
          #endif
      }
      else {
          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
          py_funcname = PyString_FromString(funcname);
          #else
          py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromString(funcname);
          #endif
      }
      if (!py_funcname) goto bad;
      py_globals = PyModule_GetDict(__pyx_m);
      if (!py_globals) goto bad;
      py_code = PyCode_New(
          0,            /*int argcount,*/
          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
          0,            /*int kwonlyargcount,*/
          #endif
          0,            /*int nlocals,*/
          0,            /*int stacksize,*/
          0,            /*int flags,*/
          __pyx_empty_bytes, /*PyObject *code,*/
          __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *consts,*/
          __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *names,*/
          __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *varnames,*/
          __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *freevars,*/
          __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *cellvars,*/
          py_srcfile,   /*PyObject *filename,*/
          py_funcname,  /*PyObject *name,*/
          __pyx_lineno,   /*int firstlineno,*/
          __pyx_empty_bytes  /*PyObject *lnotab*/
      );
      if (!py_code) goto bad;
      py_frame = PyFrame_New(
          PyThreadState_GET(), /*PyThreadState *tstate,*/
          py_code,             /*PyCodeObject *code,*/
          py_globals,          /*PyObject *globals,*/
          0                    /*PyObject *locals*/
      );
      if (!py_frame) goto bad;
      py_frame->f_lineno = __pyx_lineno;
      PyTraceBack_Here(py_frame);
  bad:
      Py_XDECREF(py_srcfile);
      Py_XDECREF(py_funcname);
      Py_XDECREF(py_code);
      Py_XDECREF(py_frame);
  }
  
  static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t) {
      while (t->p) {
          #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
          if (t->is_unicode) {
              *t->p = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(t->s, t->n - 1, NULL);
          } else if (t->intern) {
              *t->p = PyString_InternFromString(t->s);
          } else {
              *t->p = PyString_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
          }
          #else  /* Python 3+ has unicode identifiers */
          if (t->is_unicode | t->is_str) {
              if (t->intern) {
                  *t->p = PyUnicode_InternFromString(t->s);
              } else if (t->encoding) {
                  *t->p = PyUnicode_Decode(t->s, t->n - 1, t->encoding, NULL);
              } else {
                  *t->p = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
              }
          } else {
              *t->p = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
          }
          #endif
          if (!*t->p)
              return -1;
          ++t;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  /* Type Conversion Functions */
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject* x) {
     int is_true = x == Py_True;
     if (is_true | (x == Py_False) | (x == Py_None)) return is_true;
     else return PyObject_IsTrue(x);
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(PyObject* x) {
    PyNumberMethods *m;
    const char *name = NULL;
    PyObject *res = NULL;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
    if (PyInt_Check(x) || PyLong_Check(x))
  #else
    if (PyLong_Check(x))
  #endif
      return Py_INCREF(x), x;
    m = Py_TYPE(x)->tp_as_number;
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
    if (m && m->nb_int) {
      name = "int";
      res = PyNumber_Int(x);
    }
    else if (m && m->nb_long) {
      name = "long";
      res = PyNumber_Long(x);
    }
  #else
    if (m && m->nb_int) {
      name = "int";
      res = PyNumber_Long(x);
    }
  #endif
    if (res) {
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
      if (!PyInt_Check(res) && !PyLong_Check(res)) {
  #else
      if (!PyLong_Check(res)) {
  #endif
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "__%s__ returned non-%s (type %.200s)",
                     name, name, Py_TYPE(res)->tp_name);
        Py_DECREF(res);
        return NULL;
      }
    }
    else if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "an integer is required");
    }
    return res;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject* b) {
    Py_ssize_t ival;
    PyObject* x = PyNumber_Index(b);
    if (!x) return -1;
    ival = PyInt_AsSsize_t(x);
    Py_DECREF(x);
    return ival;
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyInt_FromSize_t(size_t ival) {
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
     if (ival <= LONG_MAX)
         return PyInt_FromLong((long)ival);
     else {
         unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *) &ival;
         int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char*)&one;
         return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof(size_t), little, 0);
     }
  #else
     return PyInt_FromSize_t(ival);
  #endif
  }
  
  static CYTHON_INLINE size_t __Pyx_PyInt_AsSize_t(PyObject* x) {
     unsigned PY_LONG_LONG val = __Pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong(x);
     if (unlikely(val == (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
         return (size_t)-1;
     } else if (unlikely(val != (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)(size_t)val)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                         "value too large to convert to size_t");
         return (size_t)-1;
     }
     return (size_t)val;
  }
  
  
  #endif /* Py_PYTHON_H */
  