text: /*!
   * Knockout JavaScript library v3.4.2
   * (c) The Knockout.js team - http://knockoutjs.com/
   * License: MIT (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
   */
  
  (function () {
      var DEBUG = true;
      (function (undefined) {
          // (0, eval)('this') is a robust way of getting a reference to the global object
          // For details, see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14119988/return-this-0-evalthis/14120023#14120023
          var window = this || (0, eval)('this'),
              document = window['document'],
              navigator = window['navigator'],
              jQueryInstance = window["jQuery"],
              JSON = window["JSON"];
          (function (factory) {
              // Support three module loading scenarios
              if (typeof define === 'function' && define['amd']) {
                  // [1] AMD anonymous module
                  define(['exports', 'require'], factory);
              } else if (typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module === 'object') {
                  // [2] CommonJS/Node.js
                  factory(module['exports'] || exports);  // module.exports is for Node.js
              } else {
                  // [3] No module loader (plain <script> tag) - put directly in global namespace
                  factory(window['ko'] = {});
              }
          }(function (koExports, amdRequire) {
              // Internally, all KO objects are attached to koExports (even the non-exported ones whose names will be minified by the closure compiler).
              // In the future, the following "ko" variable may be made distinct from "koExports" so that private objects are not externally reachable.
              var ko = typeof koExports !== 'undefined' ? koExports : {};
              // Google Closure Compiler helpers (used only to make the minified file smaller)
              ko.exportSymbol = function (koPath, object) {
                  var tokens = koPath.split(".");
  
                  // In the future, "ko" may become distinct from "koExports" (so that non-exported objects are not reachable)
                  // At that point, "target" would be set to: (typeof koExports !== "undefined" ? koExports : ko)
                  var target = ko;
  
                  for (var i = 0; i < tokens.length - 1; i++)
                      target = target[tokens[i]];
                  target[tokens[tokens.length - 1]] = object;
              };
              ko.exportProperty = function (owner, publicName, object) {
                  owner[publicName] = object;
              };
              ko.version = "3.4.2";
  
              ko.exportSymbol('version', ko.version);
              // For any options that may affect various areas of Knockout and aren't directly associated with data binding.
              ko.options = {
                  'deferUpdates': false,
                  'useOnlyNativeEvents': false
              };
  
              //ko.exportSymbol('options', ko.options);   // 'options' isn't minified
              ko.utils = (function () {
                  function objectForEach(obj, action) {
                      for (var prop in obj) {
                          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                              action(prop, obj[prop]);
                          }
                      }
                  }
  
                  function extend(target, source) {
                      if (source) {
                          for (var prop in source) {
                              if (source.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                                  target[prop] = source[prop];
                              }
                          }
                      }
                      return target;
                  }
  
                  function setPrototypeOf(obj, proto) {
                      obj.__proto__ = proto;
                      return obj;
                  }
  
                  var canSetPrototype = ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array);
                  var canUseSymbols = !DEBUG && typeof Symbol === 'function';
  
                  // Represent the known event types in a compact way, then at runtime transform it into a hash with event name as key (for fast lookup)
                  var knownEvents = {}, knownEventTypesByEventName = {};
                  var keyEventTypeName = (navigator && /Firefox\/2/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) ? 'KeyboardEvent' : 'UIEvents';
                  knownEvents[keyEventTypeName] = ['keyup', 'keydown', 'keypress'];
                  knownEvents['MouseEvents'] = ['click', 'dblclick', 'mousedown', 'mouseup', 'mousemove', 'mouseover', 'mouseout', 'mouseenter', 'mouseleave'];
                  objectForEach(knownEvents, function (eventType, knownEventsForType) {
                      if (knownEventsForType.length) {
                          for (var i = 0, j = knownEventsForType.length; i < j; i++)
                              knownEventTypesByEventName[knownEventsForType[i]] = eventType;
                      }
                  });
                  var eventsThatMustBeRegisteredUsingAttachEvent = { 'propertychange': true }; // Workaround for an IE9 issue - https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/406
  
                  // Detect IE versions for bug workarounds (uses IE conditionals, not UA string, for robustness)
                  // Note that, since IE 10 does not support conditional comments, the following logic only detects IE < 10.
                  // Currently this is by design, since IE 10+ behaves correctly when treated as a standard browser.
                  // If there is a future need to detect specific versions of IE10+, we will amend this.
                  var ieVersion = document && (function () {
                      var version = 3, div = document.createElement('div'), iElems = div.getElementsByTagName('i');
  
                      // Keep constructing conditional HTML blocks until we hit one that resolves to an empty fragment
                      while (
                          div.innerHTML = '<!--[if gt IE ' + (++version) + ']><i></i><![endif]-->',
                          iElems[0]
                      ) { }
                      return version > 4 ? version : undefined;
                  }());
                  var isIe6 = ieVersion === 6,
                      isIe7 = ieVersion === 7;
  
                  function isClickOnCheckableElement(element, eventType) {
                      if ((ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) !== "input") || !element.type) return false;
                      if (eventType.toLowerCase() != "click") return false;
                      var inputType = element.type;
                      return (inputType == "checkbox") || (inputType == "radio");
                  }
  
                  // For details on the pattern for changing node classes
                  // see: https://github.com/knockout/knockout/issues/1597
                  var cssClassNameRegex = /\S+/g;
  
                  function toggleDomNodeCssClass(node, classNames, shouldHaveClass) {
                      var addOrRemoveFn;
                      if (classNames) {
                          if (typeof node.classList === 'object') {
                              addOrRemoveFn = node.classList[shouldHaveClass ? 'add' : 'remove'];
                              ko.utils.arrayForEach(classNames.match(cssClassNameRegex), function (className) {
                                  addOrRemoveFn.call(node.classList, className);
                              });
                          } else if (typeof node.className['baseVal'] === 'string') {
                              // SVG tag .classNames is an SVGAnimatedString instance
                              toggleObjectClassPropertyString(node.className, 'baseVal', classNames, shouldHaveClass);
                          } else {
                              // node.className ought to be a string.
                              toggleObjectClassPropertyString(node, 'className', classNames, shouldHaveClass);
                          }
                      }
                  }
  
                  function toggleObjectClassPropertyString(obj, prop, classNames, shouldHaveClass) {
                      // obj/prop is either a node/'className' or a SVGAnimatedString/'baseVal'.
                      var currentClassNames = obj[prop].match(cssClassNameRegex) || [];
                      ko.utils.arrayForEach(classNames.match(cssClassNameRegex), function (className) {
                          ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(currentClassNames, className, shouldHaveClass);
                      });
                      obj[prop] = currentClassNames.join(" ");
                  }
  
                  return {
                      fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost: ['authenticity_token', /^__RequestVerificationToken(_.*)?$/],
  
                      arrayForEach: function (array, action) {
                          for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                              action(array[i], i);
                      },
  
                      arrayIndexOf: function (array, item) {
                          if (typeof Array.prototype.indexOf == "function")
                              return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, item);
                          for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                              if (array[i] === item)
                                  return i;
                          return -1;
                      },
  
                      arrayFirst: function (array, predicate, predicateOwner) {
                          for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                              if (predicate.call(predicateOwner, array[i], i))
                                  return array[i];
                          return null;
                      },
  
                      arrayRemoveItem: function (array, itemToRemove) {
                          var index = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(array, itemToRemove);
                          if (index > 0) {
                              array.splice(index, 1);
                          }
                          else if (index === 0) {
                              array.shift();
                          }
                      },
  
                      arrayGetDistinctValues: function (array) {
                          array = array || [];
                          var result = [];
                          for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++) {
                              if (ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(result, array[i]) < 0)
                                  result.push(array[i]);
                          }
                          return result;
                      },
  
                      arrayMap: function (array, mapping) {
                          array = array || [];
                          var result = [];
                          for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                              result.push(mapping(array[i], i));
                          return result;
                      },
  
                      arrayFilter: function (array, predicate) {
                          array = array || [];
                          var result = [];
                          for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                              if (predicate(array[i], i))
                                  result.push(array[i]);
                          return result;
                      },
  
                      arrayPushAll: function (array, valuesToPush) {
                          if (valuesToPush instanceof Array)
                              array.push.apply(array, valuesToPush);
                          else
                              for (var i = 0, j = valuesToPush.length; i < j; i++)
                                  array.push(valuesToPush[i]);
                          return array;
                      },
  
                      addOrRemoveItem: function (array, value, included) {
                          var existingEntryIndex = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(ko.utils.peekObservable(array), value);
                          if (existingEntryIndex < 0) {
                              if (included)
                                  array.push(value);
                          } else {
                              if (!included)
                                  array.splice(existingEntryIndex, 1);
                          }
                      },
  
                      canSetPrototype: canSetPrototype,
  
                      extend: extend,
  
                      setPrototypeOf: setPrototypeOf,
  
                      setPrototypeOfOrExtend: canSetPrototype ? setPrototypeOf : extend,
  
                      objectForEach: objectForEach,
  
                      objectMap: function (source, mapping) {
                          if (!source)
                              return source;
                          var target = {};
                          for (var prop in source) {
                              if (source.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                                  target[prop] = mapping(source[prop], prop, source);
                              }
                          }
                          return target;
                      },
  
                      emptyDomNode: function (domNode) {
                          while (domNode.firstChild) {
                              ko.removeNode(domNode.firstChild);
                          }
                      },
  
                      moveCleanedNodesToContainerElement: function (nodes) {
                          // Ensure it's a real array, as we're about to reparent the nodes and
                          // we don't want the underlying collection to change while we're doing that.
                          var nodesArray = ko.utils.makeArray(nodes);
                          var templateDocument = (nodesArray[0] && nodesArray[0].ownerDocument) || document;
  
                          var container = templateDocument.createElement('div');
                          for (var i = 0, j = nodesArray.length; i < j; i++) {
                              container.appendChild(ko.cleanNode(nodesArray[i]));
                          }
                          return container;
                      },
  
                      cloneNodes: function (nodesArray, shouldCleanNodes) {
                          for (var i = 0, j = nodesArray.length, newNodesArray = []; i < j; i++) {
                              var clonedNode = nodesArray[i].cloneNode(true);
                              newNodesArray.push(shouldCleanNodes ? ko.cleanNode(clonedNode) : clonedNode);
                          }
                          return newNodesArray;
                      },
  
                      setDomNodeChildren: function (domNode, childNodes) {
                          ko.utils.emptyDomNode(domNode);
                          if (childNodes) {
                              for (var i = 0, j = childNodes.length; i < j; i++)
                                  domNode.appendChild(childNodes[i]);
                          }
                      },
  
                      replaceDomNodes: function (nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray, newNodesArray) {
                          var nodesToReplaceArray = nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray.nodeType ? [nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray] : nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray;
                          if (nodesToReplaceArray.length > 0) {
                              var insertionPoint = nodesToReplaceArray[0];
                              var parent = insertionPoint.parentNode;
                              for (var i = 0, j = newNodesArray.length; i < j; i++)
                                  parent.insertBefore(newNodesArray[i], insertionPoint);
                              for (var i = 0, j = nodesToReplaceArray.length; i < j; i++) {
                                  ko.removeNode(nodesToReplaceArray[i]);
                              }
                          }
                      },
  
                      fixUpContinuousNodeArray: function (continuousNodeArray, parentNode) {
                          // Before acting on a set of nodes that were previously outputted by a template function, we have to reconcile
                          // them against what is in the DOM right now. It may be that some of the nodes have already been removed, or that
                          // new nodes might have been inserted in the middle, for example by a binding. Also, there may previously have been
                          // leading comment nodes (created by rewritten string-based templates) that have since been removed during binding.
                          // So, this function translates the old "map" output array into its best guess of the set of current DOM nodes.
                          //
                          // Rules:
                          //   [A] Any leading nodes that have been removed should be ignored
                          //       These most likely correspond to memoization nodes that were already removed during binding
                          //       See https://github.com/knockout/knockout/pull/440
                          //   [B] Any trailing nodes that have been remove should be ignored
                          //       This prevents the code here from adding unrelated nodes to the array while processing rule [C]
                          //       See https://github.com/knockout/knockout/pull/1903
                          //   [C] We want to output a continuous series of nodes. So, ignore any nodes that have already been removed,
                          //       and include any nodes that have been inserted among the previous collection
  
                          if (continuousNodeArray.length) {
                              // The parent node can be a virtual element; so get the real parent node
                              parentNode = (parentNode.nodeType === 8 && parentNode.parentNode) || parentNode;
  
                              // Rule [A]
                              while (continuousNodeArray.length && continuousNodeArray[0].parentNode !== parentNode)
                                  continuousNodeArray.splice(0, 1);
  
                              // Rule [B]
                              while (continuousNodeArray.length > 1 && continuousNodeArray[continuousNodeArray.length - 1].parentNode !== parentNode)
                                  continuousNodeArray.length--;
  
                              // Rule [C]
                              if (continuousNodeArray.length > 1) {
                                  var current = continuousNodeArray[0], last = continuousNodeArray[continuousNodeArray.length - 1];
                                  // Replace with the actual new continuous node set
                                  continuousNodeArray.length = 0;
                                  while (current !== last) {
                                      continuousNodeArray.push(current);
                                      current = current.nextSibling;
                                  }
                                  continuousNodeArray.push(last);
                              }
                          }
                          return continuousNodeArray;
                      },
  
                      setOptionNodeSelectionState: function (optionNode, isSelected) {
                          // IE6 sometimes throws "unknown error" if you try to write to .selected directly, whereas Firefox struggles with setAttribute. Pick one based on browser.
                          if (ieVersion < 7)
                              optionNode.setAttribute("selected", isSelected);
                          else
                              optionNode.selected = isSelected;
                      },
  
                      stringTrim: function (string) {
                          return string === null || string === undefined ? '' :
                              string.trim ?
                                  string.trim() :
                                  string.toString().replace(/^[\s\xa0]+|[\s\xa0]+$/g, '');
                      },
  
                      stringStartsWith: function (string, startsWith) {
                          string = string || "";
                          if (startsWith.length > string.length)
                              return false;
                          return string.substring(0, startsWith.length) === startsWith;
                      },
  
                      domNodeIsContainedBy: function (node, containedByNode) {
                          if (node === containedByNode)
                              return true;
                          if (node.nodeType === 11)
                              return false; // Fixes issue #1162 - can't use node.contains for document fragments on IE8
                          if (containedByNode.contains)
                              return containedByNode.contains(node.nodeType === 3 ? node.parentNode : node);
                          if (containedByNode.compareDocumentPosition)
                              return (containedByNode.compareDocumentPosition(node) & 16) == 16;
                          while (node && node != containedByNode) {
                              node = node.parentNode;
                          }
                          return !!node;
                      },
  
                      domNodeIsAttachedToDocument: function (node) {
                          return ko.utils.domNodeIsContainedBy(node, node.ownerDocument.documentElement);
                      },
  
                      anyDomNodeIsAttachedToDocument: function (nodes) {
                          return !!ko.utils.arrayFirst(nodes, ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument);
                      },
  
                      tagNameLower: function (element) {
                          // For HTML elements, tagName will always be upper case; for XHTML elements, it'll be lower case.
                          // Possible future optimization: If we know it's an element from an XHTML document (not HTML),
                          // we don't need to do the .toLowerCase() as it will always be lower case anyway.
                          return element && element.tagName && element.tagName.toLowerCase();
                      },
  
                      catchFunctionErrors: function (delegate) {
                          return ko['onError'] ? function () {
                              try {
                                  return delegate.apply(this, arguments);
                              } catch (e) {
                                  ko['onError'] && ko['onError'](e);
                                  throw e;
                              }
                          } : delegate;
                      },
  
                      setTimeout: function (handler, timeout) {
                          return setTimeout(ko.utils.catchFunctionErrors(handler), timeout);
                      },
  
                      deferError: function (error) {
                          setTimeout(function () {
                              ko['onError'] && ko['onError'](error);
                              throw error;
                          }, 0);
                      },
  
                      registerEventHandler: function (element, eventType, handler) {
                          var wrappedHandler = ko.utils.catchFunctionErrors(handler);
  
                          var mustUseAttachEvent = ieVersion && eventsThatMustBeRegisteredUsingAttachEvent[eventType];
                          if (!ko.options['useOnlyNativeEvents'] && !mustUseAttachEvent && jQueryInstance) {
                              jQueryInstance(element)['bind'](eventType, wrappedHandler);
                          } else if (!mustUseAttachEvent && typeof element.addEventListener == "function")
                              element.addEventListener(eventType, wrappedHandler, false);
                          else if (typeof element.attachEvent != "undefined") {
                              var attachEventHandler = function (event) { wrappedHandler.call(element, event); },
                                  attachEventName = "on" + eventType;
                              element.attachEvent(attachEventName, attachEventHandler);
  
                              // IE does not dispose attachEvent handlers automatically (unlike with addEventListener)
                              // so to avoid leaks, we have to remove them manually. See bug #856
                              ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(element, function () {
                                  element.detachEvent(attachEventName, attachEventHandler);
                              });
                          } else
                              throw new Error("Browser doesn't support addEventListener or attachEvent");
                      },
  
                      triggerEvent: function (element, eventType) {
                          if (!(element && element.nodeType))
                              throw new Error("element must be a DOM node when calling triggerEvent");
  
                          // For click events on checkboxes and radio buttons, jQuery toggles the element checked state *after* the
                          // event handler runs instead of *before*. (This was fixed in 1.9 for checkboxes but not for radio buttons.)
                          // IE doesn't change the checked state when you trigger the click event using "fireEvent".
                          // In both cases, we'll use the click method instead.
                          var useClickWorkaround = isClickOnCheckableElement(element, eventType);
  
                          if (!ko.options['useOnlyNativeEvents'] && jQueryInstance && !useClickWorkaround) {
                              jQueryInstance(element)['trigger'](eventType);
                          } else if (typeof document.createEvent == "function") {
                              if (typeof element.dispatchEvent == "function") {
                                  var eventCategory = knownEventTypesByEventName[eventType] || "HTMLEvents";
                                  var event = document.createEvent(eventCategory);
                                  event.initEvent(eventType, true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, element);
                                  element.dispatchEvent(event);
                              }
                              else
                                  throw new Error("The supplied element doesn't support dispatchEvent");
                          } else if (useClickWorkaround && element.click) {
                              element.click();
                          } else if (typeof element.fireEvent != "undefined") {
                              element.fireEvent("on" + eventType);
                          } else {
                              throw new Error("Browser doesn't support triggering events");
                          }
                      },
  
                      unwrapObservable: function (value) {
                          return ko.isObservable(value) ? value() : value;
                      },
  
                      peekObservable: function (value) {
                          return ko.isObservable(value) ? value.peek() : value;
                      },
  
                      toggleDomNodeCssClass: toggleDomNodeCssClass,
  
                      setTextContent: function (element, textContent) {
                          var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(textContent);
                          if ((value === null) || (value === undefined))
                              value = "";
  
                          // We need there to be exactly one child: a text node.
                          // If there are no children, more than one, or if it's not a text node,
                          // we'll clear everything and create a single text node.
                          var innerTextNode = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(element);
                          if (!innerTextNode || innerTextNode.nodeType != 3 || ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(innerTextNode)) {
                              ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(element, [element.ownerDocument.createTextNode(value)]);
                          } else {
                              innerTextNode.data = value;
                          }
  
                          ko.utils.forceRefresh(element);
                      },
  
                      setElementName: function (element, name) {
                          element.name = name;
  
                          // Workaround IE 6/7 issue
                          // - https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/197
                          // - http://www.matts411.com/post/setting_the_name_attribute_in_ie_dom/
                          if (ieVersion <= 7) {
                              try {
                                  element.mergeAttributes(document.createElement("<input name='" + element.name + "'/>"), false);
                              }
                              catch (e) { } // For IE9 with doc mode "IE9 Standards" and browser mode "IE9 Compatibility View"
                          }
                      },
  
                      forceRefresh: function (node) {
                          // Workaround for an IE9 rendering bug - https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/209
                          if (ieVersion >= 9) {
                              // For text nodes and comment nodes (most likely virtual elements), we will have to refresh the container
                              var elem = node.nodeType == 1 ? node : node.parentNode;
                              if (elem.style)
                                  elem.style.zoom = elem.style.zoom;
                          }
                      },
  
                      ensureSelectElementIsRenderedCorrectly: function (selectElement) {
                          // Workaround for IE9 rendering bug - it doesn't reliably display all the text in dynamically-added select boxes unless you force it to re-render by updating the width.
                          // (See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/312, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5908494/select-only-shows-first-char-of-selected-option)
                          // Also fixes IE7 and IE8 bug that causes selects to be zero width if enclosed by 'if' or 'with'. (See issue #839)
                          if (ieVersion) {
                              var originalWidth = selectElement.style.width;
                              selectElement.style.width = 0;
                              selectElement.style.width = originalWidth;
                          }
                      },
  
                      range: function (min, max) {
                          min = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(min);
                          max = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(max);
                          var result = [];
                          for (var i = min; i <= max; i++)
                              result.push(i);
                          return result;
                      },
  
                      makeArray: function (arrayLikeObject) {
                          var result = [];
                          for (var i = 0, j = arrayLikeObject.length; i < j; i++) {
                              result.push(arrayLikeObject[i]);
                          };
                          return result;
                      },
  
                      createSymbolOrString: function (identifier) {
                          return canUseSymbols ? Symbol(identifier) : identifier;
                      },
  
                      isIe6: isIe6,
                      isIe7: isIe7,
                      ieVersion: ieVersion,
  
                      getFormFields: function (form, fieldName) {
                          var fields = ko.utils.makeArray(form.getElementsByTagName("input")).concat(ko.utils.makeArray(form.getElementsByTagName("textarea")));
                          var isMatchingField = (typeof fieldName == 'string')
                              ? function (field) { return field.name === fieldName }
                              : function (field) { return fieldName.test(field.name) }; // Treat fieldName as regex or object containing predicate
                          var matches = [];
                          for (var i = fields.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                              if (isMatchingField(fields[i]))
                                  matches.push(fields[i]);
                          };
                          return matches;
                      },
  
                      parseJson: function (jsonString) {
                          if (typeof jsonString == "string") {
                              jsonString = ko.utils.stringTrim(jsonString);
                              if (jsonString) {
                                  if (JSON && JSON.parse) // Use native parsing where available
                                      return JSON.parse(jsonString);
                                  return (new Function("return " + jsonString))(); // Fallback on less safe parsing for older browsers
                              }
                          }
                          return null;
                      },
  
                      stringifyJson: function (data, replacer, space) {   // replacer and space are optional
                          if (!JSON || !JSON.stringify)
                              throw new Error("Cannot find JSON.stringify(). Some browsers (e.g., IE < 8) don't support it natively, but you can overcome this by adding a script reference to json2.js, downloadable from http://www.json.org/json2.js");
                          return JSON.stringify(ko.utils.unwrapObservable(data), replacer, space);
                      },
  
                      postJson: function (urlOrForm, data, options) {
                          options = options || {};
                          var params = options['params'] || {};
                          var includeFields = options['includeFields'] || this.fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost;
                          var url = urlOrForm;
  
                          // If we were given a form, use its 'action' URL and pick out any requested field values
                          if ((typeof urlOrForm == 'object') && (ko.utils.tagNameLower(urlOrForm) === "form")) {
                              var originalForm = urlOrForm;
                              url = originalForm.action;
                              for (var i = includeFields.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                  var fields = ko.utils.getFormFields(originalForm, includeFields[i]);
                                  for (var j = fields.length - 1; j >= 0; j--)
                                      params[fields[j].name] = fields[j].value;
                              }
                          }
  
                          data = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(data);
                          var form = document.createElement("form");
                          form.style.display = "none";
                          form.action = url;
                          form.method = "post";
                          for (var key in data) {
                              // Since 'data' this is a model object, we include all properties including those inherited from its prototype
                              var input = document.createElement("input");
                              input.type = "hidden";
                              input.name = key;
                              input.value = ko.utils.stringifyJson(ko.utils.unwrapObservable(data[key]));
                              form.appendChild(input);
                          }
                          objectForEach(params, function (key, value) {
                              var input = document.createElement("input");
                              input.type = "hidden";
                              input.name = key;
                              input.value = value;
                              form.appendChild(input);
                          });
                          document.body.appendChild(form);
                          options['submitter'] ? options['submitter'](form) : form.submit();
                          setTimeout(function () { form.parentNode.removeChild(form); }, 0);
                      }
                  }
              }());
  
              ko.exportSymbol('utils', ko.utils);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayForEach', ko.utils.arrayForEach);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayFirst', ko.utils.arrayFirst);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayFilter', ko.utils.arrayFilter);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayGetDistinctValues', ko.utils.arrayGetDistinctValues);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayIndexOf', ko.utils.arrayIndexOf);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayMap', ko.utils.arrayMap);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayPushAll', ko.utils.arrayPushAll);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayRemoveItem', ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.extend', ko.utils.extend);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost', ko.utils.fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.getFormFields', ko.utils.getFormFields);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.peekObservable', ko.utils.peekObservable);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.postJson', ko.utils.postJson);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.parseJson', ko.utils.parseJson);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.registerEventHandler', ko.utils.registerEventHandler);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.stringifyJson', ko.utils.stringifyJson);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.range', ko.utils.range);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass', ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.triggerEvent', ko.utils.triggerEvent);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.unwrapObservable', ko.utils.unwrapObservable);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.objectForEach', ko.utils.objectForEach);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.addOrRemoveItem', ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.setTextContent', ko.utils.setTextContent);
              ko.exportSymbol('unwrap', ko.utils.unwrapObservable); // Convenient shorthand, because this is used so commonly
  
              if (!Function.prototype['bind']) {
                  // Function.prototype.bind is a standard part of ECMAScript 5th Edition (December 2009, http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-262.pdf)
                  // In case the browser doesn't implement it natively, provide a JavaScript implementation. This implementation is based on the one in prototype.js
                  Function.prototype['bind'] = function (object) {
                      var originalFunction = this;
                      if (arguments.length === 1) {
                          return function () {
                              return originalFunction.apply(object, arguments);
                          };
                      } else {
                          var partialArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
                          return function () {
                              var args = partialArgs.slice(0);
                              args.push.apply(args, arguments);
                              return originalFunction.apply(object, args);
                          };
                      }
                  };
              }
  
              ko.utils.domData = new (function () {
                  var uniqueId = 0;
                  var dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName = "__ko__" + (new Date).getTime();
                  var dataStore = {};
  
                  function getAll(node, createIfNotFound) {
                      var dataStoreKey = node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName];
                      var hasExistingDataStore = dataStoreKey && (dataStoreKey !== "null") && dataStore[dataStoreKey];
                      if (!hasExistingDataStore) {
                          if (!createIfNotFound)
                              return undefined;
                          dataStoreKey = node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName] = "ko" + uniqueId++;
                          dataStore[dataStoreKey] = {};
                      }
                      return dataStore[dataStoreKey];
                  }
  
                  return {
                      get: function (node, key) {
                          var allDataForNode = getAll(node, false);
                          return allDataForNode === undefined ? undefined : allDataForNode[key];
                      },
                      set: function (node, key, value) {
                          if (value === undefined) {
                              // Make sure we don't actually create a new domData key if we are actually deleting a value
                              if (getAll(node, false) === undefined)
                                  return;
                          }
                          var allDataForNode = getAll(node, true);
                          allDataForNode[key] = value;
                      },
                      clear: function (node) {
                          var dataStoreKey = node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName];
                          if (dataStoreKey) {
                              delete dataStore[dataStoreKey];
                              node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName] = null;
                              return true; // Exposing "did clean" flag purely so specs can infer whether things have been cleaned up as intended
                          }
                          return false;
                      },
  
                      nextKey: function () {
                          return (uniqueId++) + dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName;
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.domData', ko.utils.domData);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.domData.clear', ko.utils.domData.clear); // Exporting only so specs can clear up after themselves fully
  
              ko.utils.domNodeDisposal = new (function () {
                  var domDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                  var cleanableNodeTypes = { 1: true, 8: true, 9: true };       // Element, Comment, Document
                  var cleanableNodeTypesWithDescendants = { 1: true, 9: true }; // Element, Document
  
                  function getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, createIfNotFound) {
                      var allDisposeCallbacks = ko.utils.domData.get(node, domDataKey);
                      if ((allDisposeCallbacks === undefined) && createIfNotFound) {
                          allDisposeCallbacks = [];
                          ko.utils.domData.set(node, domDataKey, allDisposeCallbacks);
                      }
                      return allDisposeCallbacks;
                  }
                  function destroyCallbacksCollection(node) {
                      ko.utils.domData.set(node, domDataKey, undefined);
                  }
  
                  function cleanSingleNode(node) {
                      // Run all the dispose callbacks
                      var callbacks = getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, false);
                      if (callbacks) {
                          callbacks = callbacks.slice(0); // Clone, as the array may be modified during iteration (typically, callbacks will remove themselves)
                          for (var i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++)
                              callbacks[i](node);
                      }
  
                      // Erase the DOM data
                      ko.utils.domData.clear(node);
  
                      // Perform cleanup needed by external libraries (currently only jQuery, but can be extended)
                      ko.utils.domNodeDisposal["cleanExternalData"](node);
  
                      // Clear any immediate-child comment nodes, as these wouldn't have been found by
                      // node.getElementsByTagName("*") in cleanNode() (comment nodes aren't elements)
                      if (cleanableNodeTypesWithDescendants[node.nodeType])
                          cleanImmediateCommentTypeChildren(node);
                  }
  
                  function cleanImmediateCommentTypeChildren(nodeWithChildren) {
                      var child, nextChild = nodeWithChildren.firstChild;
                      while (child = nextChild) {
                          nextChild = child.nextSibling;
                          if (child.nodeType === 8)
                              cleanSingleNode(child);
                      }
                  }
  
                  return {
                      addDisposeCallback: function (node, callback) {
                          if (typeof callback != "function")
                              throw new Error("Callback must be a function");
                          getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, true).push(callback);
                      },
  
                      removeDisposeCallback: function (node, callback) {
                          var callbacksCollection = getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, false);
                          if (callbacksCollection) {
                              ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem(callbacksCollection, callback);
                              if (callbacksCollection.length == 0)
                                  destroyCallbacksCollection(node);
                          }
                      },
  
                      cleanNode: function (node) {
                          // First clean this node, where applicable
                          if (cleanableNodeTypes[node.nodeType]) {
                              cleanSingleNode(node);
  
                              // ... then its descendants, where applicable
                              if (cleanableNodeTypesWithDescendants[node.nodeType]) {
                                  // Clone the descendants list in case it changes during iteration
                                  var descendants = [];
                                  ko.utils.arrayPushAll(descendants, node.getElementsByTagName("*"));
                                  for (var i = 0, j = descendants.length; i < j; i++)
                                      cleanSingleNode(descendants[i]);
                              }
                          }
                          return node;
                      },
  
                      removeNode: function (node) {
                          ko.cleanNode(node);
                          if (node.parentNode)
                              node.parentNode.removeChild(node);
                      },
  
                      "cleanExternalData": function (node) {
                          // Special support for jQuery here because it's so commonly used.
                          // Many jQuery plugins (including jquery.tmpl) store data using jQuery's equivalent of domData
                          // so notify it to tear down any resources associated with the node & descendants here.
                          if (jQueryInstance && (typeof jQueryInstance['cleanData'] == "function"))
                              jQueryInstance['cleanData']([node]);
                      }
                  };
              })();
              ko.cleanNode = ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.cleanNode; // Shorthand name for convenience
              ko.removeNode = ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeNode; // Shorthand name for convenience
              ko.exportSymbol('cleanNode', ko.cleanNode);
              ko.exportSymbol('removeNode', ko.removeNode);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.domNodeDisposal', ko.utils.domNodeDisposal);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback', ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback', ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback);
              (function () {
                  var none = [0, "", ""],
                      table = [1, "<table>", "</table>"],
                      tbody = [2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>"],
                      tr = [3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>"],
                      select = [1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>"],
                      lookup = {
                          'thead': table,
                          'tbody': table,
                          'tfoot': table,
                          'tr': tbody,
                          'td': tr,
                          'th': tr,
                          'option': select,
                          'optgroup': select
                      },
  
                      // This is needed for old IE if you're *not* using either jQuery or innerShiv. Doesn't affect other cases.
                      mayRequireCreateElementHack = ko.utils.ieVersion <= 8;
  
                  function getWrap(tags) {
                      var m = tags.match(/^<([a-z]+)[ >]/);
                      return (m && lookup[m[1]]) || none;
                  }
  
                  function simpleHtmlParse(html, documentContext) {
                      documentContext || (documentContext = document);
                      var windowContext = documentContext['parentWindow'] || documentContext['defaultView'] || window;
  
                      // Based on jQuery's "clean" function, but only accounting for table-related elements.
                      // If you have referenced jQuery, this won't be used anyway - KO will use jQuery's "clean" function directly
  
                      // Note that there's still an issue in IE < 9 whereby it will discard comment nodes that are the first child of
                      // a descendant node. For example: "<div><!-- mycomment -->abc</div>" will get parsed as "<div>abc</div>"
                      // This won't affect anyone who has referenced jQuery, and there's always the workaround of inserting a dummy node
                      // (possibly a text node) in front of the comment. So, KO does not attempt to workaround this IE issue automatically at present.
  
                      // Trim whitespace, otherwise indexOf won't work as expected
                      var tags = ko.utils.stringTrim(html).toLowerCase(), div = documentContext.createElement("div"),
                          wrap = getWrap(tags),
                          depth = wrap[0];
  
                      // Go to html and back, then peel off extra wrappers
                      // Note that we always prefix with some dummy text, because otherwise, IE<9 will strip out leading comment nodes in descendants. Total madness.
                      var markup = "ignored<div>" + wrap[1] + html + wrap[2] + "</div>";
                      if (typeof windowContext['innerShiv'] == "function") {
                          // Note that innerShiv is deprecated in favour of html5shiv. We should consider adding
                          // support for html5shiv (except if no explicit support is needed, e.g., if html5shiv
                          // somehow shims the native APIs so it just works anyway)
                          div.appendChild(windowContext['innerShiv'](markup));
                      } else {
                          if (mayRequireCreateElementHack) {
                              // The document.createElement('my-element') trick to enable custom elements in IE6-8
                              // only works if we assign innerHTML on an element associated with that document.
                              documentContext.appendChild(div);
                          }
  
                          div.innerHTML = markup;
  
                          if (mayRequireCreateElementHack) {
                              div.parentNode.removeChild(div);
                          }
                      }
  
                      // Move to the right depth
                      while (depth--)
                          div = div.lastChild;
  
                      return ko.utils.makeArray(div.lastChild.childNodes);
                  }
  
                  function jQueryHtmlParse(html, documentContext) {
                      // jQuery's "parseHTML" function was introduced in jQuery 1.8.0 and is a documented public API.
                      if (jQueryInstance['parseHTML']) {
                          return jQueryInstance['parseHTML'](html, documentContext) || []; // Ensure we always return an array and never null
                      } else {
                          // For jQuery < 1.8.0, we fall back on the undocumented internal "clean" function.
                          var elems = jQueryInstance['clean']([html], documentContext);
  
                          // As of jQuery 1.7.1, jQuery parses the HTML by appending it to some dummy parent nodes held in an in-memory document fragment.
                          // Unfortunately, it never clears the dummy parent nodes from the document fragment, so it leaks memory over time.
                          // Fix this by finding the top-most dummy parent element, and detaching it from its owner fragment.
                          if (elems && elems[0]) {
                              // Find the top-most parent element that's a direct child of a document fragment
                              var elem = elems[0];
                              while (elem.parentNode && elem.parentNode.nodeType !== 11 /* i.e., DocumentFragment */)
                                  elem = elem.parentNode;
                              // ... then detach it
                              if (elem.parentNode)
                                  elem.parentNode.removeChild(elem);
                          }
  
                          return elems;
                      }
                  }
  
                  ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment = function (html, documentContext) {
                      return jQueryInstance ?
                          jQueryHtmlParse(html, documentContext) :   // As below, benefit from jQuery's optimisations where possible
                          simpleHtmlParse(html, documentContext);  // ... otherwise, this simple logic will do in most common cases.
                  };
  
                  ko.utils.setHtml = function (node, html) {
                      ko.utils.emptyDomNode(node);
  
                      // There's no legitimate reason to display a stringified observable without unwrapping it, so we'll unwrap it
                      html = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(html);
  
                      if ((html !== null) && (html !== undefined)) {
                          if (typeof html != 'string')
                              html = html.toString();
  
                          // jQuery contains a lot of sophisticated code to parse arbitrary HTML fragments,
                          // for example <tr> elements which are not normally allowed to exist on their own.
                          // If you've referenced jQuery we'll use that rather than duplicating its code.
                          if (jQueryInstance) {
                              jQueryInstance(node)['html'](html);
                          } else {
                              // ... otherwise, use KO's own parsing logic.
                              var parsedNodes = ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(html, node.ownerDocument);
                              for (var i = 0; i < parsedNodes.length; i++)
                                  node.appendChild(parsedNodes[i]);
                          }
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.parseHtmlFragment', ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment);
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.setHtml', ko.utils.setHtml);
  
              ko.memoization = (function () {
                  var memos = {};
  
                  function randomMax8HexChars() {
                      return (((1 + Math.random()) * 0x100000000) | 0).toString(16).substring(1);
                  }
                  function generateRandomId() {
                      return randomMax8HexChars() + randomMax8HexChars();
                  }
                  function findMemoNodes(rootNode, appendToArray) {
                      if (!rootNode)
                          return;
                      if (rootNode.nodeType == 8) {
                          var memoId = ko.memoization.parseMemoText(rootNode.nodeValue);
                          if (memoId != null)
                              appendToArray.push({ domNode: rootNode, memoId: memoId });
                      } else if (rootNode.nodeType == 1) {
                          for (var i = 0, childNodes = rootNode.childNodes, j = childNodes.length; i < j; i++)
                              findMemoNodes(childNodes[i], appendToArray);
                      }
                  }
  
                  return {
                      memoize: function (callback) {
                          if (typeof callback != "function")
                              throw new Error("You can only pass a function to ko.memoization.memoize()");
                          var memoId = generateRandomId();
                          memos[memoId] = callback;
                          return "<!--[ko_memo:" + memoId + "]-->";
                      },
  
                      unmemoize: function (memoId, callbackParams) {
                          var callback = memos[memoId];
                          if (callback === undefined)
                              throw new Error("Couldn't find any memo with ID " + memoId + ". Perhaps it's already been unmemoized.");
                          try {
                              callback.apply(null, callbackParams || []);
                              return true;
                          }
                          finally { delete memos[memoId]; }
                      },
  
                      unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants: function (domNode, extraCallbackParamsArray) {
                          var memos = [];
                          findMemoNodes(domNode, memos);
                          for (var i = 0, j = memos.length; i < j; i++) {
                              var node = memos[i].domNode;
                              var combinedParams = [node];
                              if (extraCallbackParamsArray)
                                  ko.utils.arrayPushAll(combinedParams, extraCallbackParamsArray);
                              ko.memoization.unmemoize(memos[i].memoId, combinedParams);
                              node.nodeValue = ""; // Neuter this node so we don't try to unmemoize it again
                              if (node.parentNode)
                                  node.parentNode.removeChild(node); // If possible, erase it totally (not always possible - someone else might just hold a reference to it then call unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants again)
                          }
                      },
  
                      parseMemoText: function (memoText) {
                          var match = memoText.match(/^\[ko_memo\:(.*?)\]$/);
                          return match ? match[1] : null;
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('memoization', ko.memoization);
              ko.exportSymbol('memoization.memoize', ko.memoization.memoize);
              ko.exportSymbol('memoization.unmemoize', ko.memoization.unmemoize);
              ko.exportSymbol('memoization.parseMemoText', ko.memoization.parseMemoText);
              ko.exportSymbol('memoization.unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants', ko.memoization.unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants);
              ko.tasks = (function () {
                  var scheduler,
                      taskQueue = [],
                      taskQueueLength = 0,
                      nextHandle = 1,
                      nextIndexToProcess = 0;
  
                  if (window['MutationObserver']) {
                      // Chrome 27+, Firefox 14+, IE 11+, Opera 15+, Safari 6.1+
                      // From https://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird * Copyright (c) 2014 Petka Antonov * License: MIT
                      scheduler = (function (callback) {
                          var div = document.createElement("div");
                          new MutationObserver(callback).observe(div, { attributes: true });
                          return function () { div.classList.toggle("foo"); };
                      })(scheduledProcess);
                  } else if (document && "onreadystatechange" in document.createElement("script")) {
                      // IE 6-10
                      // From https://github.com/YuzuJS/setImmediate * Copyright (c) 2012 Barnesandnoble.com, llc, Donavon West, and Domenic Denicola * License: MIT
                      scheduler = function (callback) {
                          var script = document.createElement("script");
                          script.onreadystatechange = function () {
                              script.onreadystatechange = null;
                              document.documentElement.removeChild(script);
                              script = null;
                              callback();
                          };
                          document.documentElement.appendChild(script);
                      };
                  } else {
                      scheduler = function (callback) {
                          setTimeout(callback, 0);
                      };
                  }
  
                  function processTasks() {
                      if (taskQueueLength) {
                          // Each mark represents the end of a logical group of tasks and the number of these groups is
                          // limited to prevent unchecked recursion.
                          var mark = taskQueueLength, countMarks = 0;
  
                          // nextIndexToProcess keeps track of where we are in the queue; processTasks can be called recursively without issue
                          for (var task; nextIndexToProcess < taskQueueLength;) {
                              if (task = taskQueue[nextIndexToProcess++]) {
                                  if (nextIndexToProcess > mark) {
                                      if (++countMarks >= 5000) {
                                          nextIndexToProcess = taskQueueLength;   // skip all tasks remaining in the queue since any of them could be causing the recursion
                                          ko.utils.deferError(Error("'Too much recursion' after processing " + countMarks + " task groups."));
                                          break;
                                      }
                                      mark = taskQueueLength;
                                  }
                                  try {
                                      task();
                                  } catch (ex) {
                                      ko.utils.deferError(ex);
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
  
                  function scheduledProcess() {
                      processTasks();
  
                      // Reset the queue
                      nextIndexToProcess = taskQueueLength = taskQueue.length = 0;
                  }
  
                  function scheduleTaskProcessing() {
                      ko.tasks['scheduler'](scheduledProcess);
                  }
  
                  var tasks = {
                      'scheduler': scheduler,     // Allow overriding the scheduler
  
                      schedule: function (func) {
                          if (!taskQueueLength) {
                              scheduleTaskProcessing();
                          }
  
                          taskQueue[taskQueueLength++] = func;
                          return nextHandle++;
                      },
  
                      cancel: function (handle) {
                          var index = handle - (nextHandle - taskQueueLength);
                          if (index >= nextIndexToProcess && index < taskQueueLength) {
                              taskQueue[index] = null;
                          }
                      },
  
                      // For testing only: reset the queue and return the previous queue length
                      'resetForTesting': function () {
                          var length = taskQueueLength - nextIndexToProcess;
                          nextIndexToProcess = taskQueueLength = taskQueue.length = 0;
                          return length;
                      },
  
                      runEarly: processTasks
                  };
  
                  return tasks;
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('tasks', ko.tasks);
              ko.exportSymbol('tasks.schedule', ko.tasks.schedule);
              //ko.exportSymbol('tasks.cancel', ko.tasks.cancel);  "cancel" isn't minified
              ko.exportSymbol('tasks.runEarly', ko.tasks.runEarly);
              ko.extenders = {
                  'throttle': function (target, timeout) {
                      // Throttling means two things:
  
                      // (1) For dependent observables, we throttle *evaluations* so that, no matter how fast its dependencies
                      //     notify updates, the target doesn't re-evaluate (and hence doesn't notify) faster than a certain rate
                      target['throttleEvaluation'] = timeout;
  
                      // (2) For writable targets (observables, or writable dependent observables), we throttle *writes*
                      //     so the target cannot change value synchronously or faster than a certain rate
                      var writeTimeoutInstance = null;
                      return ko.dependentObservable({
                          'read': target,
                          'write': function (value) {
                              clearTimeout(writeTimeoutInstance);
                              writeTimeoutInstance = ko.utils.setTimeout(function () {
                                  target(value);
                              }, timeout);
                          }
                      });
                  },
  
                  'rateLimit': function (target, options) {
                      var timeout, method, limitFunction;
  
                      if (typeof options == 'number') {
                          timeout = options;
                      } else {
                          timeout = options['timeout'];
                          method = options['method'];
                      }
  
                      // rateLimit supersedes deferred updates
                      target._deferUpdates = false;
  
                      limitFunction = method == 'notifyWhenChangesStop' ? debounce : throttle;
                      target.limit(function (callback) {
                          return limitFunction(callback, timeout);
                      });
                  },
  
                  'deferred': function (target, options) {
                      if (options !== true) {
                          throw new Error('The \'deferred\' extender only accepts the value \'true\', because it is not supported to turn deferral off once enabled.')
                      }
  
                      if (!target._deferUpdates) {
                          target._deferUpdates = true;
                          target.limit(function (callback) {
                              var handle,
                                  ignoreUpdates = false;
                              return function () {
                                  if (!ignoreUpdates) {
                                      ko.tasks.cancel(handle);
                                      handle = ko.tasks.schedule(callback);
  
                                      try {
                                          ignoreUpdates = true;
                                          target['notifySubscribers'](undefined, 'dirty');
                                      } finally {
                                          ignoreUpdates = false;
                                      }
                                  }
                              };
                          });
                      }
                  },
  
                  'notify': function (target, notifyWhen) {
                      target["equalityComparer"] = notifyWhen == "always" ?
                          null :  // null equalityComparer means to always notify
                          valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual;
                  }
              };
  
              var primitiveTypes = { 'undefined': 1, 'boolean': 1, 'number': 1, 'string': 1 };
              function valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual(a, b) {
                  var oldValueIsPrimitive = (a === null) || (typeof (a) in primitiveTypes);
                  return oldValueIsPrimitive ? (a === b) : false;
              }
  
              function throttle(callback, timeout) {
                  var timeoutInstance;
                  return function () {
                      if (!timeoutInstance) {
                          timeoutInstance = ko.utils.setTimeout(function () {
                              timeoutInstance = undefined;
                              callback();
                          }, timeout);
                      }
                  };
              }
  
              function debounce(callback, timeout) {
                  var timeoutInstance;
                  return function () {
                      clearTimeout(timeoutInstance);
                      timeoutInstance = ko.utils.setTimeout(callback, timeout);
                  };
              }
  
              function applyExtenders(requestedExtenders) {
                  var target = this;
                  if (requestedExtenders) {
                      ko.utils.objectForEach(requestedExtenders, function (key, value) {
                          var extenderHandler = ko.extenders[key];
                          if (typeof extenderHandler == 'function') {
                              target = extenderHandler(target, value) || target;
                          }
                      });
                  }
                  return target;
              }
  
              ko.exportSymbol('extenders', ko.extenders);
  
              ko.subscription = function (target, callback, disposeCallback) {
                  this._target = target;
                  this.callback = callback;
                  this.disposeCallback = disposeCallback;
                  this.isDisposed = false;
                  ko.exportProperty(this, 'dispose', this.dispose);
              };
              ko.subscription.prototype.dispose = function () {
                  this.isDisposed = true;
                  this.disposeCallback();
              };
  
              ko.subscribable = function () {
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOfOrExtend(this, ko_subscribable_fn);
                  ko_subscribable_fn.init(this);
              }
  
              var defaultEvent = "change";
  
              // Moved out of "limit" to avoid the extra closure
              function limitNotifySubscribers(value, event) {
                  if (!event || event === defaultEvent) {
                      this._limitChange(value);
                  } else if (event === 'beforeChange') {
                      this._limitBeforeChange(value);
                  } else {
                      this._origNotifySubscribers(value, event);
                  }
              }
  
              var ko_subscribable_fn = {
                  init: function (instance) {
                      instance._subscriptions = { "change": [] };
                      instance._versionNumber = 1;
                  },
  
                  subscribe: function (callback, callbackTarget, event) {
                      var self = this;
  
                      event = event || defaultEvent;
                      var boundCallback = callbackTarget ? callback.bind(callbackTarget) : callback;
  
                      var subscription = new ko.subscription(self, boundCallback, function () {
                          ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem(self._subscriptions[event], subscription);
                          if (self.afterSubscriptionRemove)
                              self.afterSubscriptionRemove(event);
                      });
  
                      if (self.beforeSubscriptionAdd)
                          self.beforeSubscriptionAdd(event);
  
                      if (!self._subscriptions[event])
                          self._subscriptions[event] = [];
                      self._subscriptions[event].push(subscription);
  
                      return subscription;
                  },
  
                  "notifySubscribers": function (valueToNotify, event) {
                      event = event || defaultEvent;
                      if (event === defaultEvent) {
                          this.updateVersion();
                      }
                      if (this.hasSubscriptionsForEvent(event)) {
                          var subs = event === defaultEvent && this._changeSubscriptions || this._subscriptions[event].slice(0);
                          try {
                              ko.dependencyDetection.begin(); // Begin suppressing dependency detection (by setting the top frame to undefined)
                              for (var i = 0, subscription; subscription = subs[i]; ++i) {
                                  // In case a subscription was disposed during the arrayForEach cycle, check
                                  // for isDisposed on each subscription before invoking its callback
                                  if (!subscription.isDisposed)
                                      subscription.callback(valueToNotify);
                              }
                          } finally {
                              ko.dependencyDetection.end(); // End suppressing dependency detection
                          }
                      }
                  },
  
                  getVersion: function () {
                      return this._versionNumber;
                  },
  
                  hasChanged: function (versionToCheck) {
                      return this.getVersion() !== versionToCheck;
                  },
  
                  updateVersion: function () {
                      ++this._versionNumber;
                  },
  
                  limit: function (limitFunction) {
                      var self = this, selfIsObservable = ko.isObservable(self),
                          ignoreBeforeChange, notifyNextChange, previousValue, pendingValue, beforeChange = 'beforeChange';
  
                      if (!self._origNotifySubscribers) {
                          self._origNotifySubscribers = self["notifySubscribers"];
                          self["notifySubscribers"] = limitNotifySubscribers;
                      }
  
                      var finish = limitFunction(function () {
                          self._notificationIsPending = false;
  
                          // If an observable provided a reference to itself, access it to get the latest value.
                          // This allows computed observables to delay calculating their value until needed.
                          if (selfIsObservable && pendingValue === self) {
                              pendingValue = self._evalIfChanged ? self._evalIfChanged() : self();
                          }
                          var shouldNotify = notifyNextChange || self.isDifferent(previousValue, pendingValue);
  
                          notifyNextChange = ignoreBeforeChange = false;
  
                          if (shouldNotify) {
                              self._origNotifySubscribers(previousValue = pendingValue);
                          }
                      });
  
                      self._limitChange = function (value) {
                          self._changeSubscriptions = self._subscriptions[defaultEvent].slice(0);
                          self._notificationIsPending = ignoreBeforeChange = true;
                          pendingValue = value;
                          finish();
                      };
                      self._limitBeforeChange = function (value) {
                          if (!ignoreBeforeChange) {
                              previousValue = value;
                              self._origNotifySubscribers(value, beforeChange);
                          }
                      };
                      self._notifyNextChangeIfValueIsDifferent = function () {
                          if (self.isDifferent(previousValue, self.peek(true /*evaluate*/))) {
                              notifyNextChange = true;
                          }
                      };
                  },
  
                  hasSubscriptionsForEvent: function (event) {
                      return this._subscriptions[event] && this._subscriptions[event].length;
                  },
  
                  getSubscriptionsCount: function (event) {
                      if (event) {
                          return this._subscriptions[event] && this._subscriptions[event].length || 0;
                      } else {
                          var total = 0;
                          ko.utils.objectForEach(this._subscriptions, function (eventName, subscriptions) {
                              if (eventName !== 'dirty')
                                  total += subscriptions.length;
                          });
                          return total;
                      }
                  },
  
                  isDifferent: function (oldValue, newValue) {
                      return !this['equalityComparer'] || !this['equalityComparer'](oldValue, newValue);
                  },
  
                  extend: applyExtenders
              };
  
              ko.exportProperty(ko_subscribable_fn, 'subscribe', ko_subscribable_fn.subscribe);
              ko.exportProperty(ko_subscribable_fn, 'extend', ko_subscribable_fn.extend);
              ko.exportProperty(ko_subscribable_fn, 'getSubscriptionsCount', ko_subscribable_fn.getSubscriptionsCount);
  
              // For browsers that support proto assignment, we overwrite the prototype of each
              // observable instance. Since observables are functions, we need Function.prototype
              // to still be in the prototype chain.
              if (ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOf(ko_subscribable_fn, Function.prototype);
              }
  
              ko.subscribable['fn'] = ko_subscribable_fn;
  
              ko.isSubscribable = function (instance) {
                  return instance != null && typeof instance.subscribe == "function" && typeof instance["notifySubscribers"] == "function";
              };
  
              ko.exportSymbol('subscribable', ko.subscribable);
              ko.exportSymbol('isSubscribable', ko.isSubscribable);
  
              ko.computedContext = ko.dependencyDetection = (function () {
                  var outerFrames = [],
                      currentFrame,
                      lastId = 0;
  
                  // Return a unique ID that can be assigned to an observable for dependency tracking.
                  // Theoretically, you could eventually overflow the number storage size, resulting
                  // in duplicate IDs. But in JavaScript, the largest exact integral value is 2^53
                  // or 9,007,199,254,740,992. If you created 1,000,000 IDs per second, it would
                  // take over 285 years to reach that number.
                  // Reference http://blog.vjeux.com/2010/javascript/javascript-max_int-number-limits.html
                  function getId() {
                      return ++lastId;
                  }
  
                  function begin(options) {
                      outerFrames.push(currentFrame);
                      currentFrame = options;
                  }
  
                  function end() {
                      currentFrame = outerFrames.pop();
                  }
  
                  return {
                      begin: begin,
  
                      end: end,
  
                      registerDependency: function (subscribable) {
                          if (currentFrame) {
                              if (!ko.isSubscribable(subscribable))
                                  throw new Error("Only subscribable things can act as dependencies");
                              currentFrame.callback.call(currentFrame.callbackTarget, subscribable, subscribable._id || (subscribable._id = getId()));
                          }
                      },
  
                      ignore: function (callback, callbackTarget, callbackArgs) {
                          try {
                              begin();
                              return callback.apply(callbackTarget, callbackArgs || []);
                          } finally {
                              end();
                          }
                      },
  
                      getDependenciesCount: function () {
                          if (currentFrame)
                              return currentFrame.computed.getDependenciesCount();
                      },
  
                      isInitial: function () {
                          if (currentFrame)
                              return currentFrame.isInitial;
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('computedContext', ko.computedContext);
              ko.exportSymbol('computedContext.getDependenciesCount', ko.computedContext.getDependenciesCount);
              ko.exportSymbol('computedContext.isInitial', ko.computedContext.isInitial);
  
              ko.exportSymbol('ignoreDependencies', ko.ignoreDependencies = ko.dependencyDetection.ignore);
              var observableLatestValue = ko.utils.createSymbolOrString('_latestValue');
  
              ko.observable = function (initialValue) {
                  function observable() {
                      if (arguments.length > 0) {
                          // Write
  
                          // Ignore writes if the value hasn't changed
                          if (observable.isDifferent(observable[observableLatestValue], arguments[0])) {
                              observable.valueWillMutate();
                              observable[observableLatestValue] = arguments[0];
                              observable.valueHasMutated();
                          }
                          return this; // Permits chained assignments
                      }
                      else {
                          // Read
                          ko.dependencyDetection.registerDependency(observable); // The caller only needs to be notified of changes if they did a "read" operation
                          return observable[observableLatestValue];
                      }
                  }
  
                  observable[observableLatestValue] = initialValue;
  
                  // Inherit from 'subscribable'
                  if (!ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
                      // 'subscribable' won't be on the prototype chain unless we put it there directly
                      ko.utils.extend(observable, ko.subscribable['fn']);
                  }
                  ko.subscribable['fn'].init(observable);
  
                  // Inherit from 'observable'
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOfOrExtend(observable, observableFn);
  
                  if (ko.options['deferUpdates']) {
                      ko.extenders['deferred'](observable, true);
                  }
  
                  return observable;
              }
  
              // Define prototype for observables
              var observableFn = {
                  'equalityComparer': valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual,
                  peek: function () { return this[observableLatestValue]; },
                  valueHasMutated: function () { this['notifySubscribers'](this[observableLatestValue]); },
                  valueWillMutate: function () { this['notifySubscribers'](this[observableLatestValue], 'beforeChange'); }
              };
  
              // Note that for browsers that don't support proto assignment, the
              // inheritance chain is created manually in the ko.observable constructor
              if (ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOf(observableFn, ko.subscribable['fn']);
              }
  
              var protoProperty = ko.observable.protoProperty = '__ko_proto__';
              observableFn[protoProperty] = ko.observable;
  
              ko.hasPrototype = function (instance, prototype) {
                  if ((instance === null) || (instance === undefined) || (instance[protoProperty] === undefined)) return false;
                  if (instance[protoProperty] === prototype) return true;
                  return ko.hasPrototype(instance[protoProperty], prototype); // Walk the prototype chain
              };
  
              ko.isObservable = function (instance) {
                  return ko.hasPrototype(instance, ko.observable);
              }
              ko.isWriteableObservable = function (instance) {
                  // Observable
                  if ((typeof instance == 'function') && instance[protoProperty] === ko.observable)
                      return true;
                  // Writeable dependent observable
                  if ((typeof instance == 'function') && (instance[protoProperty] === ko.dependentObservable) && (instance.hasWriteFunction))
                      return true;
                  // Anything else
                  return false;
              }
  
              ko.exportSymbol('observable', ko.observable);
              ko.exportSymbol('isObservable', ko.isObservable);
              ko.exportSymbol('isWriteableObservable', ko.isWriteableObservable);
              ko.exportSymbol('isWritableObservable', ko.isWriteableObservable);
              ko.exportSymbol('observable.fn', observableFn);
              ko.exportProperty(observableFn, 'peek', observableFn.peek);
              ko.exportProperty(observableFn, 'valueHasMutated', observableFn.valueHasMutated);
              ko.exportProperty(observableFn, 'valueWillMutate', observableFn.valueWillMutate);
              ko.observableArray = function (initialValues) {
                  initialValues = initialValues || [];
  
                  if (typeof initialValues != 'object' || !('length' in initialValues))
                      throw new Error("The argument passed when initializing an observable array must be an array, or null, or undefined.");
  
                  var result = ko.observable(initialValues);
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOfOrExtend(result, ko.observableArray['fn']);
                  return result.extend({ 'trackArrayChanges': true });
              };
  
              ko.observableArray['fn'] = {
                  'remove': function (valueOrPredicate) {
                      var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                      var removedValues = [];
                      var predicate = typeof valueOrPredicate == "function" && !ko.isObservable(valueOrPredicate) ? valueOrPredicate : function (value) { return value === valueOrPredicate; };
                      for (var i = 0; i < underlyingArray.length; i++) {
                          var value = underlyingArray[i];
                          if (predicate(value)) {
                              if (removedValues.length === 0) {
                                  this.valueWillMutate();
                              }
                              removedValues.push(value);
                              underlyingArray.splice(i, 1);
                              i--;
                          }
                      }
                      if (removedValues.length) {
                          this.valueHasMutated();
                      }
                      return removedValues;
                  },
  
                  'removeAll': function (arrayOfValues) {
                      // If you passed zero args, we remove everything
                      if (arrayOfValues === undefined) {
                          var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                          var allValues = underlyingArray.slice(0);
                          this.valueWillMutate();
                          underlyingArray.splice(0, underlyingArray.length);
                          this.valueHasMutated();
                          return allValues;
                      }
                      // If you passed an arg, we interpret it as an array of entries to remove
                      if (!arrayOfValues)
                          return [];
                      return this['remove'](function (value) {
                          return ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(arrayOfValues, value) >= 0;
                      });
                  },
  
                  'destroy': function (valueOrPredicate) {
                      var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                      var predicate = typeof valueOrPredicate == "function" && !ko.isObservable(valueOrPredicate) ? valueOrPredicate : function (value) { return value === valueOrPredicate; };
                      this.valueWillMutate();
                      for (var i = underlyingArray.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                          var value = underlyingArray[i];
                          if (predicate(value))
                              underlyingArray[i]["_destroy"] = true;
                      }
                      this.valueHasMutated();
                  },
  
                  'destroyAll': function (arrayOfValues) {
                      // If you passed zero args, we destroy everything
                      if (arrayOfValues === undefined)
                          return this['destroy'](function () { return true });
  
                      // If you passed an arg, we interpret it as an array of entries to destroy
                      if (!arrayOfValues)
                          return [];
                      return this['destroy'](function (value) {
                          return ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(arrayOfValues, value) >= 0;
                      });
                  },
  
                  'indexOf': function (item) {
                      var underlyingArray = this();
                      return ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(underlyingArray, item);
                  },
  
                  'replace': function (oldItem, newItem) {
                      var index = this['indexOf'](oldItem);
                      if (index >= 0) {
                          this.valueWillMutate();
                          this.peek()[index] = newItem;
                          this.valueHasMutated();
                      }
                  }
              };
  
              // Note that for browsers that don't support proto assignment, the
              // inheritance chain is created manually in the ko.observableArray constructor
              if (ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOf(ko.observableArray['fn'], ko.observable['fn']);
              }
  
              // Populate ko.observableArray.fn with read/write functions from native arrays
              // Important: Do not add any additional functions here that may reasonably be used to *read* data from the array
              // because we'll eval them without causing subscriptions, so ko.computed output could end up getting stale
              ko.utils.arrayForEach(["pop", "push", "reverse", "shift", "sort", "splice", "unshift"], function (methodName) {
                  ko.observableArray['fn'][methodName] = function () {
                      // Use "peek" to avoid creating a subscription in any computed that we're executing in the context of
                      // (for consistency with mutating regular observables)
                      var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                      this.valueWillMutate();
                      this.cacheDiffForKnownOperation(underlyingArray, methodName, arguments);
                      var methodCallResult = underlyingArray[methodName].apply(underlyingArray, arguments);
                      this.valueHasMutated();
                      // The native sort and reverse methods return a reference to the array, but it makes more sense to return the observable array instead.
                      return methodCallResult === underlyingArray ? this : methodCallResult;
                  };
              });
  
              // Populate ko.observableArray.fn with read-only functions from native arrays
              ko.utils.arrayForEach(["slice"], function (methodName) {
                  ko.observableArray['fn'][methodName] = function () {
                      var underlyingArray = this();
                      return underlyingArray[methodName].apply(underlyingArray, arguments);
                  };
              });
  
              ko.exportSymbol('observableArray', ko.observableArray);
              var arrayChangeEventName = 'arrayChange';
              ko.extenders['trackArrayChanges'] = function (target, options) {
                  // Use the provided options--each call to trackArrayChanges overwrites the previously set options
                  target.compareArrayOptions = {};
                  if (options && typeof options == "object") {
                      ko.utils.extend(target.compareArrayOptions, options);
                  }
                  target.compareArrayOptions['sparse'] = true;
  
                  // Only modify the target observable once
                  if (target.cacheDiffForKnownOperation) {
                      return;
                  }
                  var trackingChanges = false,
                      cachedDiff = null,
                      arrayChangeSubscription,
                      pendingNotifications = 0,
                      underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction,
                      underlyingBeforeSubscriptionAddFunction = target.beforeSubscriptionAdd,
                      underlyingAfterSubscriptionRemoveFunction = target.afterSubscriptionRemove;
  
                  // Watch "subscribe" calls, and for array change events, ensure change tracking is enabled
                  target.beforeSubscriptionAdd = function (event) {
                      if (underlyingBeforeSubscriptionAddFunction)
                          underlyingBeforeSubscriptionAddFunction.call(target, event);
                      if (event === arrayChangeEventName) {
                          trackChanges();
                      }
                  };
                  // Watch "dispose" calls, and for array change events, ensure change tracking is disabled when all are disposed
                  target.afterSubscriptionRemove = function (event) {
                      if (underlyingAfterSubscriptionRemoveFunction)
                          underlyingAfterSubscriptionRemoveFunction.call(target, event);
                      if (event === arrayChangeEventName && !target.hasSubscriptionsForEvent(arrayChangeEventName)) {
                          if (underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction) {
                              target['notifySubscribers'] = underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction;
                              underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction = undefined;
                          }
                          arrayChangeSubscription.dispose();
                          trackingChanges = false;
                      }
                  };
  
                  function trackChanges() {
                      // Calling 'trackChanges' multiple times is the same as calling it once
                      if (trackingChanges) {
                          return;
                      }
  
                      trackingChanges = true;
  
                      // Intercept "notifySubscribers" to track how many times it was called.
                      underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction = target['notifySubscribers'];
                      target['notifySubscribers'] = function (valueToNotify, event) {
                          if (!event || event === defaultEvent) {
                              ++pendingNotifications;
                          }
                          return underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction.apply(this, arguments);
                      };
  
                      // Each time the array changes value, capture a clone so that on the next
                      // change it's possible to produce a diff
                      var previousContents = [].concat(target.peek() || []);
                      cachedDiff = null;
                      arrayChangeSubscription = target.subscribe(function (currentContents) {
                          // Make a copy of the current contents and ensure it's an array
                          currentContents = [].concat(currentContents || []);
  
                          // Compute the diff and issue notifications, but only if someone is listening
                          if (target.hasSubscriptionsForEvent(arrayChangeEventName)) {
                              var changes = getChanges(previousContents, currentContents);
                          }
  
                          // Eliminate references to the old, removed items, so they can be GCed
                          previousContents = currentContents;
                          cachedDiff = null;
                          pendingNotifications = 0;
  
                          if (changes && changes.length) {
                              target['notifySubscribers'](changes, arrayChangeEventName);
                          }
                      });
                  }
  
                  function getChanges(previousContents, currentContents) {
                      // We try to re-use cached diffs.
                      // The scenarios where pendingNotifications > 1 are when using rate-limiting or the Deferred Updates
                      // plugin, which without this check would not be compatible with arrayChange notifications. Normally,
                      // notifications are issued immediately so we wouldn't be queueing up more than one.
                      if (!cachedDiff || pendingNotifications > 1) {
                          cachedDiff = ko.utils.compareArrays(previousContents, currentContents, target.compareArrayOptions);
                      }
  
                      return cachedDiff;
                  }
  
                  target.cacheDiffForKnownOperation = function (rawArray, operationName, args) {
                      // Only run if we're currently tracking changes for this observable array
                      // and there aren't any pending deferred notifications.
                      if (!trackingChanges || pendingNotifications) {
                          return;
                      }
                      var diff = [],
                          arrayLength = rawArray.length,
                          argsLength = args.length,
                          offset = 0;
  
                      function pushDiff(status, value, index) {
                          return diff[diff.length] = { 'status': status, 'value': value, 'index': index };
                      }
                      switch (operationName) {
                          case 'push':
                              offset = arrayLength;
                          case 'unshift':
                              for (var index = 0; index < argsLength; index++) {
                                  pushDiff('added', args[index], offset + index);
                              }
                              break;
  
                          case 'pop':
                              offset = arrayLength - 1;
                          case 'shift':
                              if (arrayLength) {
                                  pushDiff('deleted', rawArray[offset], offset);
                              }
                              break;
  
                          case 'splice':
                              // Negative start index means 'from end of array'. After that we clamp to [0...arrayLength].
                              // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice
                              var startIndex = Math.min(Math.max(0, args[0] < 0 ? arrayLength + args[0] : args[0]), arrayLength),
                                  endDeleteIndex = argsLength === 1 ? arrayLength : Math.min(startIndex + (args[1] || 0), arrayLength),
                                  endAddIndex = startIndex + argsLength - 2,
                                  endIndex = Math.max(endDeleteIndex, endAddIndex),
                                  additions = [], deletions = [];
                              for (var index = startIndex, argsIndex = 2; index < endIndex; ++index, ++argsIndex) {
                                  if (index < endDeleteIndex)
                                      deletions.push(pushDiff('deleted', rawArray[index], index));
                                  if (index < endAddIndex)
                                      additions.push(pushDiff('added', args[argsIndex], index));
                              }
                              ko.utils.findMovesInArrayComparison(deletions, additions);
                              break;
  
                          default:
                              return;
                      }
                      cachedDiff = diff;
                  };
              };
              var computedState = ko.utils.createSymbolOrString('_state');
  
              ko.computed = ko.dependentObservable = function (evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget, options) {
                  if (typeof evaluatorFunctionOrOptions === "object") {
                      // Single-parameter syntax - everything is on this "options" param
                      options = evaluatorFunctionOrOptions;
                  } else {
                      // Multi-parameter syntax - construct the options according to the params passed
                      options = options || {};
                      if (evaluatorFunctionOrOptions) {
                          options["read"] = evaluatorFunctionOrOptions;
                      }
                  }
                  if (typeof options["read"] != "function")
                      throw Error("Pass a function that returns the value of the ko.computed");
  
                  var writeFunction = options["write"];
                  var state = {
                      latestValue: undefined,
                      isStale: true,
                      isDirty: true,
                      isBeingEvaluated: false,
                      suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse: false,
                      isDisposed: false,
                      pure: false,
                      isSleeping: false,
                      readFunction: options["read"],
                      evaluatorFunctionTarget: evaluatorFunctionTarget || options["owner"],
                      disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: options["disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved"] || options.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved || null,
                      disposeWhen: options["disposeWhen"] || options.disposeWhen,
                      domNodeDisposalCallback: null,
                      dependencyTracking: {},
                      dependenciesCount: 0,
                      evaluationTimeoutInstance: null
                  };
  
                  function computedObservable() {
                      if (arguments.length > 0) {
                          if (typeof writeFunction === "function") {
                              // Writing a value
                              writeFunction.apply(state.evaluatorFunctionTarget, arguments);
                          } else {
                              throw new Error("Cannot write a value to a ko.computed unless you specify a 'write' option. If you wish to read the current value, don't pass any parameters.");
                          }
                          return this; // Permits chained assignments
                      } else {
                          // Reading the value
                          ko.dependencyDetection.registerDependency(computedObservable);
                          if (state.isDirty || (state.isSleeping && computedObservable.haveDependenciesChanged())) {
                              computedObservable.evaluateImmediate();
                          }
                          return state.latestValue;
                      }
                  }
  
                  computedObservable[computedState] = state;
                  computedObservable.hasWriteFunction = typeof writeFunction === "function";
  
                  // Inherit from 'subscribable'
                  if (!ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
                      // 'subscribable' won't be on the prototype chain unless we put it there directly
                      ko.utils.extend(computedObservable, ko.subscribable['fn']);
                  }
                  ko.subscribable['fn'].init(computedObservable);
  
                  // Inherit from 'computed'
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOfOrExtend(computedObservable, computedFn);
  
                  if (options['pure']) {
                      state.pure = true;
                      state.isSleeping = true;     // Starts off sleeping; will awake on the first subscription
                      ko.utils.extend(computedObservable, pureComputedOverrides);
                  } else if (options['deferEvaluation']) {
                      ko.utils.extend(computedObservable, deferEvaluationOverrides);
                  }
  
                  if (ko.options['deferUpdates']) {
                      ko.extenders['deferred'](computedObservable, true);
                  }
  
                  if (DEBUG) {
                      // #1731 - Aid debugging by exposing the computed's options
                      computedObservable["_options"] = options;
                  }
  
                  if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) {
                      // Since this computed is associated with a DOM node, and we don't want to dispose the computed
                      // until the DOM node is *removed* from the document (as opposed to never having been in the document),
                      // we'll prevent disposal until "disposeWhen" first returns false.
                      state.suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = true;
  
                      // disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: true can be used to opt into the "only dispose after first false result"
                      // behaviour even if there's no specific node to watch. In that case, clear the option so we don't try
                      // to watch for a non-node's disposal. This technique is intended for KO's internal use only and shouldn't
                      // be documented or used by application code, as it's likely to change in a future version of KO.
                      if (!state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved.nodeType) {
                          state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = null;
                      }
                  }
  
                  // Evaluate, unless sleeping or deferEvaluation is true
                  if (!state.isSleeping && !options['deferEvaluation']) {
                      computedObservable.evaluateImmediate();
                  }
  
                  // Attach a DOM node disposal callback so that the computed will be proactively disposed as soon as the node is
                  // removed using ko.removeNode. But skip if isActive is false (there will never be any dependencies to dispose).
                  if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && computedObservable.isActive()) {
                      ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved, state.domNodeDisposalCallback = function () {
                          computedObservable.dispose();
                      });
                  }
  
                  return computedObservable;
              };
  
              // Utility function that disposes a given dependencyTracking entry
              function computedDisposeDependencyCallback(id, entryToDispose) {
                  if (entryToDispose !== null && entryToDispose.dispose) {
                      entryToDispose.dispose();
                  }
              }
  
              // This function gets called each time a dependency is detected while evaluating a computed.
              // It's factored out as a shared function to avoid creating unnecessary function instances during evaluation.
              function computedBeginDependencyDetectionCallback(subscribable, id) {
                  var computedObservable = this.computedObservable,
                      state = computedObservable[computedState];
                  if (!state.isDisposed) {
                      if (this.disposalCount && this.disposalCandidates[id]) {
                          // Don't want to dispose this subscription, as it's still being used
                          computedObservable.addDependencyTracking(id, subscribable, this.disposalCandidates[id]);
                          this.disposalCandidates[id] = null; // No need to actually delete the property - disposalCandidates is a transient object anyway
                          --this.disposalCount;
                      } else if (!state.dependencyTracking[id]) {
                          // Brand new subscription - add it
                          computedObservable.addDependencyTracking(id, subscribable, state.isSleeping ? { _target: subscribable } : computedObservable.subscribeToDependency(subscribable));
                      }
                      // If the observable we've accessed has a pending notification, ensure we get notified of the actual final value (bypass equality checks)
                      if (subscribable._notificationIsPending) {
                          subscribable._notifyNextChangeIfValueIsDifferent();
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              var computedFn = {
                  "equalityComparer": valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual,
                  getDependenciesCount: function () {
                      return this[computedState].dependenciesCount;
                  },
                  addDependencyTracking: function (id, target, trackingObj) {
                      if (this[computedState].pure && target === this) {
                          throw Error("A 'pure' computed must not be called recursively");
                      }
  
                      this[computedState].dependencyTracking[id] = trackingObj;
                      trackingObj._order = this[computedState].dependenciesCount++;
                      trackingObj._version = target.getVersion();
                  },
                  haveDependenciesChanged: function () {
                      var id, dependency, dependencyTracking = this[computedState].dependencyTracking;
                      for (id in dependencyTracking) {
                          if (dependencyTracking.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
                              dependency = dependencyTracking[id];
                              if ((this._evalDelayed && dependency._target._notificationIsPending) || dependency._target.hasChanged(dependency._version)) {
                                  return true;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  },
                  markDirty: function () {
                      // Process "dirty" events if we can handle delayed notifications
                      if (this._evalDelayed && !this[computedState].isBeingEvaluated) {
                          this._evalDelayed(false /*isChange*/);
                      }
                  },
                  isActive: function () {
                      var state = this[computedState];
                      return state.isDirty || state.dependenciesCount > 0;
                  },
                  respondToChange: function () {
                      // Ignore "change" events if we've already scheduled a delayed notification
                      if (!this._notificationIsPending) {
                          this.evaluatePossiblyAsync();
                      } else if (this[computedState].isDirty) {
                          this[computedState].isStale = true;
                      }
                  },
                  subscribeToDependency: function (target) {
                      if (target._deferUpdates && !this[computedState].disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) {
                          var dirtySub = target.subscribe(this.markDirty, this, 'dirty'),
                              changeSub = target.subscribe(this.respondToChange, this);
                          return {
                              _target: target,
                              dispose: function () {
                                  dirtySub.dispose();
                                  changeSub.dispose();
                              }
                          };
                      } else {
                          return target.subscribe(this.evaluatePossiblyAsync, this);
                      }
                  },
                  evaluatePossiblyAsync: function () {
                      var computedObservable = this,
                          throttleEvaluationTimeout = computedObservable['throttleEvaluation'];
                      if (throttleEvaluationTimeout && throttleEvaluationTimeout >= 0) {
                          clearTimeout(this[computedState].evaluationTimeoutInstance);
                          this[computedState].evaluationTimeoutInstance = ko.utils.setTimeout(function () {
                              computedObservable.evaluateImmediate(true /*notifyChange*/);
                          }, throttleEvaluationTimeout);
                      } else if (computedObservable._evalDelayed) {
                          computedObservable._evalDelayed(true /*isChange*/);
                      } else {
                          computedObservable.evaluateImmediate(true /*notifyChange*/);
                      }
                  },
                  evaluateImmediate: function (notifyChange) {
                      var computedObservable = this,
                          state = computedObservable[computedState],
                          disposeWhen = state.disposeWhen,
                          changed = false;
  
                      if (state.isBeingEvaluated) {
                          // If the evaluation of a ko.computed causes side effects, it's possible that it will trigger its own re-evaluation.
                          // This is not desirable (it's hard for a developer to realise a chain of dependencies might cause this, and they almost
                          // certainly didn't intend infinite re-evaluations). So, for predictability, we simply prevent ko.computeds from causing
                          // their own re-evaluation. Further discussion at https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/387
                          return;
                      }
  
                      // Do not evaluate (and possibly capture new dependencies) if disposed
                      if (state.isDisposed) {
                          return;
                      }
  
                      if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && !ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument(state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) || disposeWhen && disposeWhen()) {
                          // See comment above about suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse
                          if (!state.suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse) {
                              computedObservable.dispose();
                              return;
                          }
                      } else {
                          // It just did return false, so we can stop suppressing now
                          state.suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = false;
                      }
  
                      state.isBeingEvaluated = true;
                      try {
                          changed = this.evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection(notifyChange);
                      } finally {
                          state.isBeingEvaluated = false;
                      }
  
                      if (!state.dependenciesCount) {
                          computedObservable.dispose();
                      }
  
                      return changed;
                  },
                  evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection: function (notifyChange) {
                      // This function is really just part of the evaluateImmediate logic. You would never call it from anywhere else.
                      // Factoring it out into a separate function means it can be independent of the try/catch block in evaluateImmediate,
                      // which contributes to saving about 40% off the CPU overhead of computed evaluation (on V8 at least).
  
                      var computedObservable = this,
                          state = computedObservable[computedState],
                          changed = false;
  
                      // Initially, we assume that none of the subscriptions are still being used (i.e., all are candidates for disposal).
                      // Then, during evaluation, we cross off any that are in fact still being used.
                      var isInitial = state.pure ? undefined : !state.dependenciesCount,   // If we're evaluating when there are no previous dependencies, it must be the first time
                          dependencyDetectionContext = {
                              computedObservable: computedObservable,
                              disposalCandidates: state.dependencyTracking,
                              disposalCount: state.dependenciesCount
                          };
  
                      ko.dependencyDetection.begin({
                          callbackTarget: dependencyDetectionContext,
                          callback: computedBeginDependencyDetectionCallback,
                          computed: computedObservable,
                          isInitial: isInitial
                      });
  
                      state.dependencyTracking = {};
                      state.dependenciesCount = 0;
  
                      var newValue = this.evaluateImmediate_CallReadThenEndDependencyDetection(state, dependencyDetectionContext);
  
                      if (computedObservable.isDifferent(state.latestValue, newValue)) {
                          if (!state.isSleeping) {
                              computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "beforeChange");
                          }
  
                          state.latestValue = newValue;
                          if (DEBUG) computedObservable._latestValue = newValue;
  
                          if (state.isSleeping) {
                              computedObservable.updateVersion();
                          } else if (notifyChange) {
                              computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue);
                          }
  
                          changed = true;
                      }
  
                      if (isInitial) {
                          computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "awake");
                      }
  
                      return changed;
                  },
                  evaluateImmediate_CallReadThenEndDependencyDetection: function (state, dependencyDetectionContext) {
                      // This function is really part of the evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection logic.
                      // You'd never call it from anywhere else. Factoring it out means that evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection
                      // can be independent of try/finally blocks, which contributes to saving about 40% off the CPU
                      // overhead of computed evaluation (on V8 at least).
  
                      try {
                          var readFunction = state.readFunction;
                          return state.evaluatorFunctionTarget ? readFunction.call(state.evaluatorFunctionTarget) : readFunction();
                      } finally {
                          ko.dependencyDetection.end();
  
                          // For each subscription no longer being used, remove it from the active subscriptions list and dispose it
                          if (dependencyDetectionContext.disposalCount && !state.isSleeping) {
                              ko.utils.objectForEach(dependencyDetectionContext.disposalCandidates, computedDisposeDependencyCallback);
                          }
  
                          state.isStale = state.isDirty = false;
                      }
                  },
                  peek: function (evaluate) {
                      // By default, peek won't re-evaluate, except while the computed is sleeping or to get the initial value when "deferEvaluation" is set.
                      // Pass in true to evaluate if needed.
                      var state = this[computedState];
                      if ((state.isDirty && (evaluate || !state.dependenciesCount)) || (state.isSleeping && this.haveDependenciesChanged())) {
                          this.evaluateImmediate();
                      }
                      return state.latestValue;
                  },
                  limit: function (limitFunction) {
                      // Override the limit function with one that delays evaluation as well
                      ko.subscribable['fn'].limit.call(this, limitFunction);
                      this._evalIfChanged = function () {
                          if (this[computedState].isStale) {
                              this.evaluateImmediate();
                          } else {
                              this[computedState].isDirty = false;
                          }
                          return this[computedState].latestValue;
                      };
                      this._evalDelayed = function (isChange) {
                          this._limitBeforeChange(this[computedState].latestValue);
  
                          // Mark as dirty
                          this[computedState].isDirty = true;
                          if (isChange) {
                              this[computedState].isStale = true;
                          }
  
                          // Pass the observable to the "limit" code, which will evaluate it when
                          // it's time to do the notification.
                          this._limitChange(this);
                      };
                  },
                  dispose: function () {
                      var state = this[computedState];
                      if (!state.isSleeping && state.dependencyTracking) {
                          ko.utils.objectForEach(state.dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
                              if (dependency.dispose)
                                  dependency.dispose();
                          });
                      }
                      if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && state.domNodeDisposalCallback) {
                          ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback(state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved, state.domNodeDisposalCallback);
                      }
                      state.dependencyTracking = null;
                      state.dependenciesCount = 0;
                      state.isDisposed = true;
                      state.isStale = false;
                      state.isDirty = false;
                      state.isSleeping = false;
                      state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = null;
                  }
              };
  
              var pureComputedOverrides = {
                  beforeSubscriptionAdd: function (event) {
                      // If asleep, wake up the computed by subscribing to any dependencies.
                      var computedObservable = this,
                          state = computedObservable[computedState];
                      if (!state.isDisposed && state.isSleeping && event == 'change') {
                          state.isSleeping = false;
                          if (state.isStale || computedObservable.haveDependenciesChanged()) {
                              state.dependencyTracking = null;
                              state.dependenciesCount = 0;
                              if (computedObservable.evaluateImmediate()) {
                                  computedObservable.updateVersion();
                              }
                          } else {
                              // First put the dependencies in order
                              var dependeciesOrder = [];
                              ko.utils.objectForEach(state.dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
                                  dependeciesOrder[dependency._order] = id;
                              });
                              // Next, subscribe to each one
                              ko.utils.arrayForEach(dependeciesOrder, function (id, order) {
                                  var dependency = state.dependencyTracking[id],
                                      subscription = computedObservable.subscribeToDependency(dependency._target);
                                  subscription._order = order;
                                  subscription._version = dependency._version;
                                  state.dependencyTracking[id] = subscription;
                              });
                          }
                          if (!state.isDisposed) {     // test since evaluating could trigger disposal
                              computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "awake");
                          }
                      }
                  },
                  afterSubscriptionRemove: function (event) {
                      var state = this[computedState];
                      if (!state.isDisposed && event == 'change' && !this.hasSubscriptionsForEvent('change')) {
                          ko.utils.objectForEach(state.dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
                              if (dependency.dispose) {
                                  state.dependencyTracking[id] = {
                                      _target: dependency._target,
                                      _order: dependency._order,
                                      _version: dependency._version
                                  };
                                  dependency.dispose();
                              }
                          });
                          state.isSleeping = true;
                          this["notifySubscribers"](undefined, "asleep");
                      }
                  },
                  getVersion: function () {
                      // Because a pure computed is not automatically updated while it is sleeping, we can't
                      // simply return the version number. Instead, we check if any of the dependencies have
                      // changed and conditionally re-evaluate the computed observable.
                      var state = this[computedState];
                      if (state.isSleeping && (state.isStale || this.haveDependenciesChanged())) {
                          this.evaluateImmediate();
                      }
                      return ko.subscribable['fn'].getVersion.call(this);
                  }
              };
  
              var deferEvaluationOverrides = {
                  beforeSubscriptionAdd: function (event) {
                      // This will force a computed with deferEvaluation to evaluate when the first subscription is registered.
                      if (event == 'change' || event == 'beforeChange') {
                          this.peek();
                      }
                  }
              };
  
              // Note that for browsers that don't support proto assignment, the
              // inheritance chain is created manually in the ko.computed constructor
              if (ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
                  ko.utils.setPrototypeOf(computedFn, ko.subscribable['fn']);
              }
  
              // Set the proto chain values for ko.hasPrototype
              var protoProp = ko.observable.protoProperty; // == "__ko_proto__"
              ko.computed[protoProp] = ko.observable;
              computedFn[protoProp] = ko.computed;
  
              ko.isComputed = function (instance) {
                  return ko.hasPrototype(instance, ko.computed);
              };
  
              ko.isPureComputed = function (instance) {
                  return ko.hasPrototype(instance, ko.computed)
                      && instance[computedState] && instance[computedState].pure;
              };
  
              ko.exportSymbol('computed', ko.computed);
              ko.exportSymbol('dependentObservable', ko.computed);    // export ko.dependentObservable for backwards compatibility (1.x)
              ko.exportSymbol('isComputed', ko.isComputed);
              ko.exportSymbol('isPureComputed', ko.isPureComputed);
              ko.exportSymbol('computed.fn', computedFn);
              ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'peek', computedFn.peek);
              ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'dispose', computedFn.dispose);
              ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'isActive', computedFn.isActive);
              ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'getDependenciesCount', computedFn.getDependenciesCount);
  
              ko.pureComputed = function (evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget) {
                  if (typeof evaluatorFunctionOrOptions === 'function') {
                      return ko.computed(evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget, { 'pure': true });
                  } else {
                      evaluatorFunctionOrOptions = ko.utils.extend({}, evaluatorFunctionOrOptions);   // make a copy of the parameter object
                      evaluatorFunctionOrOptions['pure'] = true;
                      return ko.computed(evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget);
                  }
              }
              ko.exportSymbol('pureComputed', ko.pureComputed);
  
              (function () {
                  var maxNestedObservableDepth = 10; // Escape the (unlikely) pathalogical case where an observable's current value is itself (or similar reference cycle)
  
                  ko.toJS = function (rootObject) {
                      if (arguments.length == 0)
                          throw new Error("When calling ko.toJS, pass the object you want to convert.");
  
                      // We just unwrap everything at every level in the object graph
                      return mapJsObjectGraph(rootObject, function (valueToMap) {
                          // Loop because an observable's value might in turn be another observable wrapper
                          for (var i = 0; ko.isObservable(valueToMap) && (i < maxNestedObservableDepth); i++)
                              valueToMap = valueToMap();
                          return valueToMap;
                      });
                  };
  
                  ko.toJSON = function (rootObject, replacer, space) {     // replacer and space are optional
                      var plainJavaScriptObject = ko.toJS(rootObject);
                      return ko.utils.stringifyJson(plainJavaScriptObject, replacer, space);
                  };
  
                  function mapJsObjectGraph(rootObject, mapInputCallback, visitedObjects) {
                      visitedObjects = visitedObjects || new objectLookup();
  
                      rootObject = mapInputCallback(rootObject);
                      var canHaveProperties = (typeof rootObject == "object") && (rootObject !== null) && (rootObject !== undefined) && (!(rootObject instanceof RegExp)) && (!(rootObject instanceof Date)) && (!(rootObject instanceof String)) && (!(rootObject instanceof Number)) && (!(rootObject instanceof Boolean));
                      if (!canHaveProperties)
                          return rootObject;
  
                      var outputProperties = rootObject instanceof Array ? [] : {};
                      visitedObjects.save(rootObject, outputProperties);
  
                      visitPropertiesOrArrayEntries(rootObject, function (indexer) {
                          var propertyValue = mapInputCallback(rootObject[indexer]);
  
                          switch (typeof propertyValue) {
                              case "boolean":
                              case "number":
                              case "string":
                              case "function":
                                  outputProperties[indexer] = propertyValue;
                                  break;
                              case "object":
                              case "undefined":
                                  var previouslyMappedValue = visitedObjects.get(propertyValue);
                                  outputProperties[indexer] = (previouslyMappedValue !== undefined)
                                      ? previouslyMappedValue
                                      : mapJsObjectGraph(propertyValue, mapInputCallback, visitedObjects);
                                  break;
                          }
                      });
  
                      return outputProperties;
                  }
  
                  function visitPropertiesOrArrayEntries(rootObject, visitorCallback) {
                      if (rootObject instanceof Array) {
                          for (var i = 0; i < rootObject.length; i++)
                              visitorCallback(i);
  
                          // For arrays, also respect toJSON property for custom mappings (fixes #278)
                          if (typeof rootObject['toJSON'] == 'function')
                              visitorCallback('toJSON');
                      } else {
                          for (var propertyName in rootObject) {
                              visitorCallback(propertyName);
                          }
                      }
                  };
  
                  function objectLookup() {
                      this.keys = [];
                      this.values = [];
                  };
  
                  objectLookup.prototype = {
                      constructor: objectLookup,
                      save: function (key, value) {
                          var existingIndex = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(this.keys, key);
                          if (existingIndex >= 0)
                              this.values[existingIndex] = value;
                          else {
                              this.keys.push(key);
                              this.values.push(value);
                          }
                      },
                      get: function (key) {
                          var existingIndex = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(this.keys, key);
                          return (existingIndex >= 0) ? this.values[existingIndex] : undefined;
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('toJS', ko.toJS);
              ko.exportSymbol('toJSON', ko.toJSON);
              (function () {
                  var hasDomDataExpandoProperty = '__ko__hasDomDataOptionValue__';
  
                  // Normally, SELECT elements and their OPTIONs can only take value of type 'string' (because the values
                  // are stored on DOM attributes). ko.selectExtensions provides a way for SELECTs/OPTIONs to have values
                  // that are arbitrary objects. This is very convenient when implementing things like cascading dropdowns.
                  ko.selectExtensions = {
                      readValue: function (element) {
                          switch (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element)) {
                              case 'option':
                                  if (element[hasDomDataExpandoProperty] === true)
                                      return ko.utils.domData.get(element, ko.bindingHandlers.options.optionValueDomDataKey);
                                  return ko.utils.ieVersion <= 7
                                      ? (element.getAttributeNode('value') && element.getAttributeNode('value').specified ? element.value : element.text)
                                      : element.value;
                              case 'select':
                                  return element.selectedIndex >= 0 ? ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[element.selectedIndex]) : undefined;
                              default:
                                  return element.value;
                          }
                      },
  
                      writeValue: function (element, value, allowUnset) {
                          switch (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element)) {
                              case 'option':
                                  switch (typeof value) {
                                      case "string":
                                          ko.utils.domData.set(element, ko.bindingHandlers.options.optionValueDomDataKey, undefined);
                                          if (hasDomDataExpandoProperty in element) { // IE <= 8 throws errors if you delete non-existent properties from a DOM node
                                              delete element[hasDomDataExpandoProperty];
                                          }
                                          element.value = value;
                                          break;
                                      default:
                                          // Store arbitrary object using DomData
                                          ko.utils.domData.set(element, ko.bindingHandlers.options.optionValueDomDataKey, value);
                                          element[hasDomDataExpandoProperty] = true;
  
                                          // Special treatment of numbers is just for backward compatibility. KO 1.2.1 wrote numerical values to element.value.
                                          element.value = typeof value === "number" ? value : "";
                                          break;
                                  }
                                  break;
                              case 'select':
                                  if (value === "" || value === null)       // A blank string or null value will select the caption
                                      value = undefined;
                                  var selection = -1;
                                  for (var i = 0, n = element.options.length, optionValue; i < n; ++i) {
                                      optionValue = ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[i]);
                                      // Include special check to handle selecting a caption with a blank string value
                                      if (optionValue == value || (optionValue == "" && value === undefined)) {
                                          selection = i;
                                          break;
                                      }
                                  }
                                  if (allowUnset || selection >= 0 || (value === undefined && element.size > 1)) {
                                      element.selectedIndex = selection;
                                  }
                                  break;
                              default:
                                  if ((value === null) || (value === undefined))
                                      value = "";
                                  element.value = value;
                                  break;
                          }
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('selectExtensions', ko.selectExtensions);
              ko.exportSymbol('selectExtensions.readValue', ko.selectExtensions.readValue);
              ko.exportSymbol('selectExtensions.writeValue', ko.selectExtensions.writeValue);
              ko.expressionRewriting = (function () {
                  var javaScriptReservedWords = ["true", "false", "null", "undefined"];
  
                  // Matches something that can be assigned to--either an isolated identifier or something ending with a property accessor
                  // This is designed to be simple and avoid false negatives, but could produce false positives (e.g., a+b.c).
                  // This also will not properly handle nested brackets (e.g., obj1[obj2['prop']]; see #911).
                  var javaScriptAssignmentTarget = /^(?:[$_a-z][$\w]*|(.+)(\.\s*[$_a-z][$\w]*|\[.+\]))$/i;
  
                  function getWriteableValue(expression) {
                      if (ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(javaScriptReservedWords, expression) >= 0)
                          return false;
                      var match = expression.match(javaScriptAssignmentTarget);
                      return match === null ? false : match[1] ? ('Object(' + match[1] + ')' + match[2]) : expression;
                  }
  
                  // The following regular expressions will be used to split an object-literal string into tokens
  
                  // These two match strings, either with double quotes or single quotes
                  var stringDouble = '"(?:[^"\\\\]|\\\\.)*"',
                      stringSingle = "'(?:[^'\\\\]|\\\\.)*'",
                      // Matches a regular expression (text enclosed by slashes), but will also match sets of divisions
                      // as a regular expression (this is handled by the parsing loop below).
                      stringRegexp = '/(?:[^/\\\\]|\\\\.)*/\w*',
                      // These characters have special meaning to the parser and must not appear in the middle of a
                      // token, except as part of a string.
                      specials = ',"\'{}()/:[\\]',
                      // Match text (at least two characters) that does not contain any of the above special characters,
                      // although some of the special characters are allowed to start it (all but the colon and comma).
                      // The text can contain spaces, but leading or trailing spaces are skipped.
                      everyThingElse = '[^\\s:,/][^' + specials + ']*[^\\s' + specials + ']',
                      // Match any non-space character not matched already. This will match colons and commas, since they're
                      // not matched by "everyThingElse", but will also match any other single character that wasn't already
                      // matched (for example: in "a: 1, b: 2", each of the non-space characters will be matched by oneNotSpace).
                      oneNotSpace = '[^\\s]',
  
                      // Create the actual regular expression by or-ing the above strings. The order is important.
                      bindingToken = RegExp(stringDouble + '|' + stringSingle + '|' + stringRegexp + '|' + everyThingElse + '|' + oneNotSpace, 'g'),
  
                      // Match end of previous token to determine whether a slash is a division or regex.
                      divisionLookBehind = /[\])"'A-Za-z0-9_$]+$/,
                      keywordRegexLookBehind = { 'in': 1, 'return': 1, 'typeof': 1 };
  
                  function parseObjectLiteral(objectLiteralString) {
                      // Trim leading and trailing spaces from the string
                      var str = ko.utils.stringTrim(objectLiteralString);
  
                      // Trim braces '{' surrounding the whole object literal
                      if (str.charCodeAt(0) === 123) str = str.slice(1, -1);
  
                      // Split into tokens
                      var result = [], toks = str.match(bindingToken), key, values = [], depth = 0;
  
                      if (toks) {
                          // Append a comma so that we don't need a separate code block to deal with the last item
                          toks.push(',');
  
                          for (var i = 0, tok; tok = toks[i]; ++i) {
                              var c = tok.charCodeAt(0);
                              // A comma signals the end of a key/value pair if depth is zero
                              if (c === 44) { // ","
                                  if (depth <= 0) {
                                      result.push((key && values.length) ? { key: key, value: values.join('') } : { 'unknown': key || values.join('') });
                                      key = depth = 0;
                                      values = [];
                                      continue;
                                  }
                                  // Simply skip the colon that separates the name and value
                              } else if (c === 58) { // ":"
                                  if (!depth && !key && values.length === 1) {
                                      key = values.pop();
                                      continue;
                                  }
                                  // A set of slashes is initially matched as a regular expression, but could be division
                              } else if (c === 47 && i && tok.length > 1) {  // "/"
                                  // Look at the end of the previous token to determine if the slash is actually division
                                  var match = toks[i - 1].match(divisionLookBehind);
                                  if (match && !keywordRegexLookBehind[match[0]]) {
                                      // The slash is actually a division punctuator; re-parse the remainder of the string (not including the slash)
                                      str = str.substr(str.indexOf(tok) + 1);
                                      toks = str.match(bindingToken);
                                      toks.push(',');
                                      i = -1;
                                      // Continue with just the slash
                                      tok = '/';
                                  }
                                  // Increment depth for parentheses, braces, and brackets so that interior commas are ignored
                              } else if (c === 40 || c === 123 || c === 91) { // '(', '{', '['
                                  ++depth;
                              } else if (c === 41 || c === 125 || c === 93) { // ')', '}', ']'
                                  --depth;
                                  // The key will be the first token; if it's a string, trim the quotes
                              } else if (!key && !values.length && (c === 34 || c === 39)) { // '"', "'"
                                  tok = tok.slice(1, -1);
                              }
                              values.push(tok);
                          }
                      }
                      return result;
                  }
  
                  // Two-way bindings include a write function that allow the handler to update the value even if it's not an observable.
                  var twoWayBindings = {};
  
                  function preProcessBindings(bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray, bindingOptions) {
                      bindingOptions = bindingOptions || {};
  
                      function processKeyValue(key, val) {
                          var writableVal;
                          function callPreprocessHook(obj) {
                              return (obj && obj['preprocess']) ? (val = obj['preprocess'](val, key, processKeyValue)) : true;
                          }
                          if (!bindingParams) {
                              if (!callPreprocessHook(ko['getBindingHandler'](key)))
                                  return;
  
                              if (twoWayBindings[key] && (writableVal = getWriteableValue(val))) {
                                  // For two-way bindings, provide a write method in case the value
                                  // isn't a writable observable.
                                  propertyAccessorResultStrings.push("'" + key + "':function(_z){" + writableVal + "=_z}");
                              }
                          }
                          // Values are wrapped in a function so that each value can be accessed independently
                          if (makeValueAccessors) {
                              val = 'function(){return ' + val + ' }';
                          }
                          resultStrings.push("'" + key + "':" + val);
                      }
  
                      var resultStrings = [],
                          propertyAccessorResultStrings = [],
                          makeValueAccessors = bindingOptions['valueAccessors'],
                          bindingParams = bindingOptions['bindingParams'],
                          keyValueArray = typeof bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray === "string" ?
                              parseObjectLiteral(bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray) : bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray;
  
                      ko.utils.arrayForEach(keyValueArray, function (keyValue) {
                          processKeyValue(keyValue.key || keyValue['unknown'], keyValue.value);
                      });
  
                      if (propertyAccessorResultStrings.length)
                          processKeyValue('_ko_property_writers', "{" + propertyAccessorResultStrings.join(",") + " }");
  
                      return resultStrings.join(",");
                  }
  
                  return {
                      bindingRewriteValidators: [],
  
                      twoWayBindings: twoWayBindings,
  
                      parseObjectLiteral: parseObjectLiteral,
  
                      preProcessBindings: preProcessBindings,
  
                      keyValueArrayContainsKey: function (keyValueArray, key) {
                          for (var i = 0; i < keyValueArray.length; i++)
                              if (keyValueArray[i]['key'] == key)
                                  return true;
                          return false;
                      },
  
                      // Internal, private KO utility for updating model properties from within bindings
                      // property:            If the property being updated is (or might be) an observable, pass it here
                      //                      If it turns out to be a writable observable, it will be written to directly
                      // allBindings:         An object with a get method to retrieve bindings in the current execution context.
                      //                      This will be searched for a '_ko_property_writers' property in case you're writing to a non-observable
                      // key:                 The key identifying the property to be written. Example: for { hasFocus: myValue }, write to 'myValue' by specifying the key 'hasFocus'
                      // value:               The value to be written
                      // checkIfDifferent:    If true, and if the property being written is a writable observable, the value will only be written if
                      //                      it is !== existing value on that writable observable
                      writeValueToProperty: function (property, allBindings, key, value, checkIfDifferent) {
                          if (!property || !ko.isObservable(property)) {
                              var propWriters = allBindings.get('_ko_property_writers');
                              if (propWriters && propWriters[key])
                                  propWriters[key](value);
                          } else if (ko.isWriteableObservable(property) && (!checkIfDifferent || property.peek() !== value)) {
                              property(value);
                          }
                      }
                  };
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting', ko.expressionRewriting);
              ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators', ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators);
              ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral', ko.expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral);
              ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings', ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings);
  
              // Making bindings explicitly declare themselves as "two way" isn't ideal in the long term (it would be better if
              // all bindings could use an official 'property writer' API without needing to declare that they might). However,
              // since this is not, and has never been, a public API (_ko_property_writers was never documented), it's acceptable
              // as an internal implementation detail in the short term.
              // For those developers who rely on _ko_property_writers in their custom bindings, we expose _twoWayBindings as an
              // undocumented feature that makes it relatively easy to upgrade to KO 3.0. However, this is still not an official
              // public API, and we reserve the right to remove it at any time if we create a real public property writers API.
              ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting._twoWayBindings', ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings);
  
              // For backward compatibility, define the following aliases. (Previously, these function names were misleading because
              // they referred to JSON specifically, even though they actually work with arbitrary JavaScript object literal expressions.)
              ko.exportSymbol('jsonExpressionRewriting', ko.expressionRewriting);
              ko.exportSymbol('jsonExpressionRewriting.insertPropertyAccessorsIntoJson', ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings);
              (function () {
                  // "Virtual elements" is an abstraction on top of the usual DOM API which understands the notion that comment nodes
                  // may be used to represent hierarchy (in addition to the DOM's natural hierarchy).
                  // If you call the DOM-manipulating functions on ko.virtualElements, you will be able to read and write the state
                  // of that virtual hierarchy
                  //
                  // The point of all this is to support containerless templates (e.g., <!-- ko foreach:someCollection -->blah<!-- /ko -->)
                  // without having to scatter special cases all over the binding and templating code.
  
                  // IE 9 cannot reliably read the "nodeValue" property of a comment node (see https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/186)
                  // but it does give them a nonstandard alternative property called "text" that it can read reliably. Other browsers don't have that property.
                  // So, use node.text where available, and node.nodeValue elsewhere
                  var commentNodesHaveTextProperty = document && document.createComment("test").text === "<!--test-->";
  
                  var startCommentRegex = commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? /^<!--\s*ko(?:\s+([\s\S]+))?\s*-->$/ : /^\s*ko(?:\s+([\s\S]+))?\s*$/;
                  var endCommentRegex = commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? /^<!--\s*\/ko\s*-->$/ : /^\s*\/ko\s*$/;
                  var htmlTagsWithOptionallyClosingChildren = { 'ul': true, 'ol': true };
  
                  function isStartComment(node) {
                      return (node.nodeType == 8) && startCommentRegex.test(commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? node.text : node.nodeValue);
                  }
  
                  function isEndComment(node) {
                      return (node.nodeType == 8) && endCommentRegex.test(commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? node.text : node.nodeValue);
                  }
  
                  function getVirtualChildren(startComment, allowUnbalanced) {
                      var currentNode = startComment;
                      var depth = 1;
                      var children = [];
                      while (currentNode = currentNode.nextSibling) {
                          if (isEndComment(currentNode)) {
                              depth--;
                              if (depth === 0)
                                  return children;
                          }
  
                          children.push(currentNode);
  
                          if (isStartComment(currentNode))
                              depth++;
                      }
                      if (!allowUnbalanced)
                          throw new Error("Cannot find closing comment tag to match: " + startComment.nodeValue);
                      return null;
                  }
  
                  function getMatchingEndComment(startComment, allowUnbalanced) {
                      var allVirtualChildren = getVirtualChildren(startComment, allowUnbalanced);
                      if (allVirtualChildren) {
                          if (allVirtualChildren.length > 0)
                              return allVirtualChildren[allVirtualChildren.length - 1].nextSibling;
                          return startComment.nextSibling;
                      } else
                          return null; // Must have no matching end comment, and allowUnbalanced is true
                  }
  
                  function getUnbalancedChildTags(node) {
                      // e.g., from <div>OK</div><!-- ko blah --><span>Another</span>, returns: <!-- ko blah --><span>Another</span>
                      //       from <div>OK</div><!-- /ko --><!-- /ko -->,             returns: <!-- /ko --><!-- /ko -->
                      var childNode = node.firstChild, captureRemaining = null;
                      if (childNode) {
                          do {
                              if (captureRemaining)                   // We already hit an unbalanced node and are now just scooping up all subsequent nodes
                                  captureRemaining.push(childNode);
                              else if (isStartComment(childNode)) {
                                  var matchingEndComment = getMatchingEndComment(childNode, /* allowUnbalanced: */ true);
                                  if (matchingEndComment)             // It's a balanced tag, so skip immediately to the end of this virtual set
                                      childNode = matchingEndComment;
                                  else
                                      captureRemaining = [childNode]; // It's unbalanced, so start capturing from this point
                              } else if (isEndComment(childNode)) {
                                  captureRemaining = [childNode];     // It's unbalanced (if it wasn't, we'd have skipped over it already), so start capturing
                              }
                          } while (childNode = childNode.nextSibling);
                      }
                      return captureRemaining;
                  }
  
                  ko.virtualElements = {
                      allowedBindings: {},
  
                      childNodes: function (node) {
                          return isStartComment(node) ? getVirtualChildren(node) : node.childNodes;
                      },
  
                      emptyNode: function (node) {
                          if (!isStartComment(node))
                              ko.utils.emptyDomNode(node);
                          else {
                              var virtualChildren = ko.virtualElements.childNodes(node);
                              for (var i = 0, j = virtualChildren.length; i < j; i++)
                                  ko.removeNode(virtualChildren[i]);
                          }
                      },
  
                      setDomNodeChildren: function (node, childNodes) {
                          if (!isStartComment(node))
                              ko.utils.setDomNodeChildren(node, childNodes);
                          else {
                              ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(node);
                              var endCommentNode = node.nextSibling; // Must be the next sibling, as we just emptied the children
                              for (var i = 0, j = childNodes.length; i < j; i++)
                                  endCommentNode.parentNode.insertBefore(childNodes[i], endCommentNode);
                          }
                      },
  
                      prepend: function (containerNode, nodeToPrepend) {
                          if (!isStartComment(containerNode)) {
                              if (containerNode.firstChild)
                                  containerNode.insertBefore(nodeToPrepend, containerNode.firstChild);
                              else
                                  containerNode.appendChild(nodeToPrepend);
                          } else {
                              // Start comments must always have a parent and at least one following sibling (the end comment)
                              containerNode.parentNode.insertBefore(nodeToPrepend, containerNode.nextSibling);
                          }
                      },
  
                      insertAfter: function (containerNode, nodeToInsert, insertAfterNode) {
                          if (!insertAfterNode) {
                              ko.virtualElements.prepend(containerNode, nodeToInsert);
                          } else if (!isStartComment(containerNode)) {
                              // Insert after insertion point
                              if (insertAfterNode.nextSibling)
                                  containerNode.insertBefore(nodeToInsert, insertAfterNode.nextSibling);
                              else
                                  containerNode.appendChild(nodeToInsert);
                          } else {
                              // Children of start comments must always have a parent and at least one following sibling (the end comment)
                              containerNode.parentNode.insertBefore(nodeToInsert, insertAfterNode.nextSibling);
                          }
                      },
  
                      firstChild: function (node) {
                          if (!isStartComment(node))
                              return node.firstChild;
                          if (!node.nextSibling || isEndComment(node.nextSibling))
                              return null;
                          return node.nextSibling;
                      },
  
                      nextSibling: function (node) {
                          if (isStartComment(node))
                              node = getMatchingEndComment(node);
                          if (node.nextSibling && isEndComment(node.nextSibling))
                              return null;
                          return node.nextSibling;
                      },
  
                      hasBindingValue: isStartComment,
  
                      virtualNodeBindingValue: function (node) {
                          var regexMatch = (commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? node.text : node.nodeValue).match(startCommentRegex);
                          return regexMatch ? regexMatch[1] : null;
                      },
  
                      normaliseVirtualElementDomStructure: function (elementVerified) {
                          // Workaround for https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/155
                          // (IE <= 8 or IE 9 quirks mode parses your HTML weirdly, treating closing </li> tags as if they don't exist, thereby moving comment nodes
                          // that are direct descendants of <ul> into the preceding <li>)
                          if (!htmlTagsWithOptionallyClosingChildren[ko.utils.tagNameLower(elementVerified)])
                              return;
  
                          // Scan immediate children to see if they contain unbalanced comment tags. If they do, those comment tags
                          // must be intended to appear *after* that child, so move them there.
                          var childNode = elementVerified.firstChild;
                          if (childNode) {
                              do {
                                  if (childNode.nodeType === 1) {
                                      var unbalancedTags = getUnbalancedChildTags(childNode);
                                      if (unbalancedTags) {
                                          // Fix up the DOM by moving the unbalanced tags to where they most likely were intended to be placed - *after* the child
                                          var nodeToInsertBefore = childNode.nextSibling;
                                          for (var i = 0; i < unbalancedTags.length; i++) {
                                              if (nodeToInsertBefore)
                                                  elementVerified.insertBefore(unbalancedTags[i], nodeToInsertBefore);
                                              else
                                                  elementVerified.appendChild(unbalancedTags[i]);
                                          }
                                      }
                                  }
                              } while (childNode = childNode.nextSibling);
                          }
                      }
                  };
              })();
              ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements', ko.virtualElements);
              ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.allowedBindings', ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings);
              ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.emptyNode', ko.virtualElements.emptyNode);
              //ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.firstChild', ko.virtualElements.firstChild);     // firstChild is not minified
              ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.insertAfter', ko.virtualElements.insertAfter);
              //ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.nextSibling', ko.virtualElements.nextSibling);   // nextSibling is not minified
              ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.prepend', ko.virtualElements.prepend);
              ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren', ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren);
              (function () {
                  var defaultBindingAttributeName = "data-bind";
  
                  ko.bindingProvider = function () {
                      this.bindingCache = {};
                  };
  
                  ko.utils.extend(ko.bindingProvider.prototype, {
                      'nodeHasBindings': function (node) {
                          switch (node.nodeType) {
                              case 1: // Element
                                  return node.getAttribute(defaultBindingAttributeName) != null
                                      || ko.components['getComponentNameForNode'](node);
                              case 8: // Comment node
                                  return ko.virtualElements.hasBindingValue(node);
                              default: return false;
                          }
                      },
  
                      'getBindings': function (node, bindingContext) {
                          var bindingsString = this['getBindingsString'](node, bindingContext),
                              parsedBindings = bindingsString ? this['parseBindingsString'](bindingsString, bindingContext, node) : null;
                          return ko.components.addBindingsForCustomElement(parsedBindings, node, bindingContext, /* valueAccessors */ false);
                      },
  
                      'getBindingAccessors': function (node, bindingContext) {
                          var bindingsString = this['getBindingsString'](node, bindingContext),
                              parsedBindings = bindingsString ? this['parseBindingsString'](bindingsString, bindingContext, node, { 'valueAccessors': true }) : null;
                          return ko.components.addBindingsForCustomElement(parsedBindings, node, bindingContext, /* valueAccessors */ true);
                      },
  
                      // The following function is only used internally by this default provider.
                      // It's not part of the interface definition for a general binding provider.
                      'getBindingsString': function (node, bindingContext) {
                          switch (node.nodeType) {
                              case 1: return node.getAttribute(defaultBindingAttributeName);   // Element
                              case 8: return ko.virtualElements.virtualNodeBindingValue(node); // Comment node
                              default: return null;
                          }
                      },
  
                      // The following function is only used internally by this default provider.
                      // It's not part of the interface definition for a general binding provider.
                      'parseBindingsString': function (bindingsString, bindingContext, node, options) {
                          try {
                              var bindingFunction = createBindingsStringEvaluatorViaCache(bindingsString, this.bindingCache, options);
                              return bindingFunction(bindingContext, node);
                          } catch (ex) {
                              ex.message = "Unable to parse bindings.\nBindings value: " + bindingsString + "\nMessage: " + ex.message;
                              throw ex;
                          }
                      }
                  });
  
                  ko.bindingProvider['instance'] = new ko.bindingProvider();
  
                  function createBindingsStringEvaluatorViaCache(bindingsString, cache, options) {
                      var cacheKey = bindingsString + (options && options['valueAccessors'] || '');
                      return cache[cacheKey]
                          || (cache[cacheKey] = createBindingsStringEvaluator(bindingsString, options));
                  }
  
                  function createBindingsStringEvaluator(bindingsString, options) {
                      // Build the source for a function that evaluates "expression"
                      // For each scope variable, add an extra level of "with" nesting
                      // Example result: with(sc1) { with(sc0) { return (expression) } }
                      var rewrittenBindings = ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings(bindingsString, options),
                          functionBody = "with($context){with($data||{}){return{" + rewrittenBindings + "}}}";
                      return new Function("$context", "$element", functionBody);
                  }
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('bindingProvider', ko.bindingProvider);
              (function () {
                  ko.bindingHandlers = {};
  
                  // The following element types will not be recursed into during binding.
                  var bindingDoesNotRecurseIntoElementTypes = {
                      // Don't want bindings that operate on text nodes to mutate <script> and <textarea> contents,
                      // because it's unexpected and a potential XSS issue.
                      // Also bindings should not operate on <template> elements since this breaks in Internet Explorer
                      // and because such elements' contents are always intended to be bound in a different context
                      // from where they appear in the document.
                      'script': true,
                      'textarea': true,
                      'template': true
                  };
  
                  // Use an overridable method for retrieving binding handlers so that a plugins may support dynamically created handlers
                  ko['getBindingHandler'] = function (bindingKey) {
                      return ko.bindingHandlers[bindingKey];
                  };
  
                  // The ko.bindingContext constructor is only called directly to create the root context. For child
                  // contexts, use bindingContext.createChildContext or bindingContext.extend.
                  ko.bindingContext = function (dataItemOrAccessor, parentContext, dataItemAlias, extendCallback, options) {
                      // The binding context object includes static properties for the current, parent, and root view models.
                      // If a view model is actually stored in an observable, the corresponding binding context object, and
                      // any child contexts, must be updated when the view model is changed.
                      function updateContext() {
                          // Most of the time, the context will directly get a view model object, but if a function is given,
                          // we call the function to retrieve the view model. If the function accesses any observables or returns
                          // an observable, the dependency is tracked, and those observables can later cause the binding
                          // context to be updated.
                          var dataItemOrObservable = isFunc ? dataItemOrAccessor() : dataItemOrAccessor,
                              dataItem = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(dataItemOrObservable);
  
                          if (parentContext) {
                              // When a "parent" context is given, register a dependency on the parent context. Thus whenever the
                              // parent context is updated, this context will also be updated.
                              if (parentContext._subscribable)
                                  parentContext._subscribable();
  
                              // Copy $root and any custom properties from the parent context
                              ko.utils.extend(self, parentContext);
  
                              // Because the above copy overwrites our own properties, we need to reset them.
                              self._subscribable = subscribable;
                          } else {
                              self['$parents'] = [];
                              self['$root'] = dataItem;
  
                              // Export 'ko' in the binding context so it will be available in bindings and templates
                              // even if 'ko' isn't exported as a global, such as when using an AMD loader.
                              // See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/490
                              self['ko'] = ko;
                          }
                          self['$rawData'] = dataItemOrObservable;
                          self['$data'] = dataItem;
                          if (dataItemAlias)
                              self[dataItemAlias] = dataItem;
  
                          // The extendCallback function is provided when creating a child context or extending a context.
                          // It handles the specific actions needed to finish setting up the binding context. Actions in this
                          // function could also add dependencies to this binding context.
                          if (extendCallback)
                              extendCallback(self, parentContext, dataItem);
  
                          return self['$data'];
                      }
                      function disposeWhen() {
                          return nodes && !ko.utils.anyDomNodeIsAttachedToDocument(nodes);
                      }
  
                      var self = this,
                          isFunc = typeof (dataItemOrAccessor) == "function" && !ko.isObservable(dataItemOrAccessor),
                          nodes,
                          subscribable;
  
                      if (options && options['exportDependencies']) {
                          // The "exportDependencies" option means that the calling code will track any dependencies and re-create
                          // the binding context when they change.
                          updateContext();
                      } else {
                          subscribable = ko.dependentObservable(updateContext, null, { disposeWhen: disposeWhen, disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: true });
  
                          // At this point, the binding context has been initialized, and the "subscribable" computed observable is
                          // subscribed to any observables that were accessed in the process. If there is nothing to track, the
                          // computed will be inactive, and we can safely throw it away. If it's active, the computed is stored in
                          // the context object.
                          if (subscribable.isActive()) {
                              self._subscribable = subscribable;
  
                              // Always notify because even if the model ($data) hasn't changed, other context properties might have changed
                              subscribable['equalityComparer'] = null;
  
                              // We need to be able to dispose of this computed observable when it's no longer needed. This would be
                              // easy if we had a single node to watch, but binding contexts can be used by many different nodes, and
                              // we cannot assume that those nodes have any relation to each other. So instead we track any node that
                              // the context is attached to, and dispose the computed when all of those nodes have been cleaned.
  
                              // Add properties to *subscribable* instead of *self* because any properties added to *self* may be overwritten on updates
                              nodes = [];
                              subscribable._addNode = function (node) {
                                  nodes.push(node);
                                  ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(node, function (node) {
                                      ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem(nodes, node);
                                      if (!nodes.length) {
                                          subscribable.dispose();
                                          self._subscribable = subscribable = undefined;
                                      }
                                  });
                              };
                          }
                      }
                  }
  
                  // Extend the binding context hierarchy with a new view model object. If the parent context is watching
                  // any observables, the new child context will automatically get a dependency on the parent context.
                  // But this does not mean that the $data value of the child context will also get updated. If the child
                  // view model also depends on the parent view model, you must provide a function that returns the correct
                  // view model on each update.
                  ko.bindingContext.prototype['createChildContext'] = function (dataItemOrAccessor, dataItemAlias, extendCallback, options) {
                      return new ko.bindingContext(dataItemOrAccessor, this, dataItemAlias, function (self, parentContext) {
                          // Extend the context hierarchy by setting the appropriate pointers
                          self['$parentContext'] = parentContext;
                          self['$parent'] = parentContext['$data'];
                          self['$parents'] = (parentContext['$parents'] || []).slice(0);
                          self['$parents'].unshift(self['$parent']);
                          if (extendCallback)
                              extendCallback(self);
                      }, options);
                  };
  
                  // Extend the binding context with new custom properties. This doesn't change the context hierarchy.
                  // Similarly to "child" contexts, provide a function here to make sure that the correct values are set
                  // when an observable view model is updated.
                  ko.bindingContext.prototype['extend'] = function (properties) {
                      // If the parent context references an observable view model, "_subscribable" will always be the
                      // latest view model object. If not, "_subscribable" isn't set, and we can use the static "$data" value.
                      return new ko.bindingContext(this._subscribable || this['$data'], this, null, function (self, parentContext) {
                          // This "child" context doesn't directly track a parent observable view model,
                          // so we need to manually set the $rawData value to match the parent.
                          self['$rawData'] = parentContext['$rawData'];
                          ko.utils.extend(self, typeof (properties) == "function" ? properties() : properties);
                      });
                  };
  
                  ko.bindingContext.prototype.createStaticChildContext = function (dataItemOrAccessor, dataItemAlias) {
                      return this['createChildContext'](dataItemOrAccessor, dataItemAlias, null, { "exportDependencies": true });
                  };
  
                  // Returns the valueAccesor function for a binding value
                  function makeValueAccessor(value) {
                      return function () {
                          return value;
                      };
                  }
  
                  // Returns the value of a valueAccessor function
                  function evaluateValueAccessor(valueAccessor) {
                      return valueAccessor();
                  }
  
                  // Given a function that returns bindings, create and return a new object that contains
                  // binding value-accessors functions. Each accessor function calls the original function
                  // so that it always gets the latest value and all dependencies are captured. This is used
                  // by ko.applyBindingsToNode and getBindingsAndMakeAccessors.
                  function makeAccessorsFromFunction(callback) {
                      return ko.utils.objectMap(ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(callback), function (value, key) {
                          return function () {
                              return callback()[key];
                          };
                      });
                  }
  
                  // Given a bindings function or object, create and return a new object that contains
                  // binding value-accessors functions. This is used by ko.applyBindingsToNode.
                  function makeBindingAccessors(bindings, context, node) {
                      if (typeof bindings === 'function') {
                          return makeAccessorsFromFunction(bindings.bind(null, context, node));
                      } else {
                          return ko.utils.objectMap(bindings, makeValueAccessor);
                      }
                  }
  
                  // This function is used if the binding provider doesn't include a getBindingAccessors function.
                  // It must be called with 'this' set to the provider instance.
                  function getBindingsAndMakeAccessors(node, context) {
                      return makeAccessorsFromFunction(this['getBindings'].bind(this, node, context));
                  }
  
                  function validateThatBindingIsAllowedForVirtualElements(bindingName) {
                      var validator = ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings[bindingName];
                      if (!validator)
                          throw new Error("The binding '" + bindingName + "' cannot be used with virtual elements")
                  }
  
                  function applyBindingsToDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, elementOrVirtualElement, bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement) {
                      var currentChild,
                          nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(elementOrVirtualElement),
                          provider = ko.bindingProvider['instance'],
                          preprocessNode = provider['preprocessNode'];
  
                      // Preprocessing allows a binding provider to mutate a node before bindings are applied to it. For example it's
                      // possible to insert new siblings after it, and/or replace the node with a different one. This can be used to
                      // implement custom binding syntaxes, such as {{ value }} for string interpolation, or custom element types that
                      // trigger insertion of <template> contents at that point in the document.
                      if (preprocessNode) {
                          while (currentChild = nextInQueue) {
                              nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(currentChild);
                              preprocessNode.call(provider, currentChild);
                          }
                          // Reset nextInQueue for the next loop
                          nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(elementOrVirtualElement);
                      }
  
                      while (currentChild = nextInQueue) {
                          // Keep a record of the next child *before* applying bindings, in case the binding removes the current child from its position
                          nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(currentChild);
                          applyBindingsToNodeAndDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, currentChild, bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function applyBindingsToNodeAndDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, nodeVerified, bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement) {
                      var shouldBindDescendants = true;
  
                      // Perf optimisation: Apply bindings only if...
                      // (1) We need to store the binding context on this node (because it may differ from the DOM parent node's binding context)
                      //     Note that we can't store binding contexts on non-elements (e.g., text nodes), as IE doesn't allow expando properties for those
                      // (2) It might have bindings (e.g., it has a data-bind attribute, or it's a marker for a containerless template)
                      var isElement = (nodeVerified.nodeType === 1);
                      if (isElement) // Workaround IE <= 8 HTML parsing weirdness
                          ko.virtualElements.normaliseVirtualElementDomStructure(nodeVerified);
  
                      var shouldApplyBindings = (isElement && bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement)             // Case (1)
                          || ko.bindingProvider['instance']['nodeHasBindings'](nodeVerified);       // Case (2)
                      if (shouldApplyBindings)
                          shouldBindDescendants = applyBindingsToNodeInternal(nodeVerified, null, bindingContext, bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement)['shouldBindDescendants'];
  
                      if (shouldBindDescendants && !bindingDoesNotRecurseIntoElementTypes[ko.utils.tagNameLower(nodeVerified)]) {
                          // We're recursing automatically into (real or virtual) child nodes without changing binding contexts. So,
                          //  * For children of a *real* element, the binding context is certainly the same as on their DOM .parentNode,
                          //    hence bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement is false
                          //  * For children of a *virtual* element, we can't be sure. Evaluating .parentNode on those children may
                          //    skip over any number of intermediate virtual elements, any of which might define a custom binding context,
                          //    hence bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement is true
                          applyBindingsToDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, nodeVerified, /* bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement: */ !isElement);
                      }
                  }
  
                  var boundElementDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
  
                  function topologicalSortBindings(bindings) {
                      // Depth-first sort
                      var result = [],                // The list of key/handler pairs that we will return
                          bindingsConsidered = {},    // A temporary record of which bindings are already in 'result'
                          cyclicDependencyStack = []; // Keeps track of a depth-search so that, if there's a cycle, we know which bindings caused it
                      ko.utils.objectForEach(bindings, function pushBinding(bindingKey) {
                          if (!bindingsConsidered[bindingKey]) {
                              var binding = ko['getBindingHandler'](bindingKey);
                              if (binding) {
                                  // First add dependencies (if any) of the current binding
                                  if (binding['after']) {
                                      cyclicDependencyStack.push(bindingKey);
                                      ko.utils.arrayForEach(binding['after'], function (bindingDependencyKey) {
                                          if (bindings[bindingDependencyKey]) {
                                              if (ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(cyclicDependencyStack, bindingDependencyKey) !== -1) {
                                                  throw Error("Cannot combine the following bindings, because they have a cyclic dependency: " + cyclicDependencyStack.join(", "));
                                              } else {
                                                  pushBinding(bindingDependencyKey);
                                              }
                                          }
                                      });
                                      cyclicDependencyStack.length--;
                                  }
                                  // Next add the current binding
                                  result.push({ key: bindingKey, handler: binding });
                              }
                              bindingsConsidered[bindingKey] = true;
                          }
                      });
  
                      return result;
                  }
  
                  function applyBindingsToNodeInternal(node, sourceBindings, bindingContext, bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement) {
                      // Prevent multiple applyBindings calls for the same node, except when a binding value is specified
                      var alreadyBound = ko.utils.domData.get(node, boundElementDomDataKey);
                      if (!sourceBindings) {
                          if (alreadyBound) {
                              throw Error("You cannot apply bindings multiple times to the same element.");
                          }
                          ko.utils.domData.set(node, boundElementDomDataKey, true);
                      }
  
                      // Optimization: Don't store the binding context on this node if it's definitely the same as on node.parentNode, because
                      // we can easily recover it just by scanning up the node's ancestors in the DOM
                      // (note: here, parent node means "real DOM parent" not "virtual parent", as there's no O(1) way to find the virtual parent)
                      if (!alreadyBound && bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement)
                          ko.storedBindingContextForNode(node, bindingContext);
  
                      // Use bindings if given, otherwise fall back on asking the bindings provider to give us some bindings
                      var bindings;
                      if (sourceBindings && typeof sourceBindings !== 'function') {
                          bindings = sourceBindings;
                      } else {
                          var provider = ko.bindingProvider['instance'],
                              getBindings = provider['getBindingAccessors'] || getBindingsAndMakeAccessors;
  
                          // Get the binding from the provider within a computed observable so that we can update the bindings whenever
                          // the binding context is updated or if the binding provider accesses observables.
                          var bindingsUpdater = ko.dependentObservable(
                              function () {
                                  bindings = sourceBindings ? sourceBindings(bindingContext, node) : getBindings.call(provider, node, bindingContext);
                                  // Register a dependency on the binding context to support observable view models.
                                  if (bindings && bindingContext._subscribable)
                                      bindingContext._subscribable();
                                  return bindings;
                              },
                              null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: node }
                          );
  
                          if (!bindings || !bindingsUpdater.isActive())
                              bindingsUpdater = null;
                      }
  
                      var bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings;
                      if (bindings) {
                          // Return the value accessor for a given binding. When bindings are static (won't be updated because of a binding
                          // context update), just return the value accessor from the binding. Otherwise, return a function that always gets
                          // the latest binding value and registers a dependency on the binding updater.
                          var getValueAccessor = bindingsUpdater
                              ? function (bindingKey) {
                                  return function () {
                                      return evaluateValueAccessor(bindingsUpdater()[bindingKey]);
                                  };
                              } : function (bindingKey) {
                                  return bindings[bindingKey];
                              };
  
                          // Use of allBindings as a function is maintained for backwards compatibility, but its use is deprecated
                          function allBindings() {
                              return ko.utils.objectMap(bindingsUpdater ? bindingsUpdater() : bindings, evaluateValueAccessor);
                          }
                          // The following is the 3.x allBindings API
                          allBindings['get'] = function (key) {
                              return bindings[key] && evaluateValueAccessor(getValueAccessor(key));
                          };
                          allBindings['has'] = function (key) {
                              return key in bindings;
                          };
  
                          // First put the bindings into the right order
                          var orderedBindings = topologicalSortBindings(bindings);
  
                          // Go through the sorted bindings, calling init and update for each
                          ko.utils.arrayForEach(orderedBindings, function (bindingKeyAndHandler) {
                              // Note that topologicalSortBindings has already filtered out any nonexistent binding handlers,
                              // so bindingKeyAndHandler.handler will always be nonnull.
                              var handlerInitFn = bindingKeyAndHandler.handler["init"],
                                  handlerUpdateFn = bindingKeyAndHandler.handler["update"],
                                  bindingKey = bindingKeyAndHandler.key;
  
                              if (node.nodeType === 8) {
                                  validateThatBindingIsAllowedForVirtualElements(bindingKey);
                              }
  
                              try {
                                  // Run init, ignoring any dependencies
                                  if (typeof handlerInitFn == "function") {
                                      ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(function () {
                                          var initResult = handlerInitFn(node, getValueAccessor(bindingKey), allBindings, bindingContext['$data'], bindingContext);
  
                                          // If this binding handler claims to control descendant bindings, make a note of this
                                          if (initResult && initResult['controlsDescendantBindings']) {
                                              if (bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings !== undefined)
                                                  throw new Error("Multiple bindings (" + bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings + " and " + bindingKey + ") are trying to control descendant bindings of the same element. You cannot use these bindings together on the same element.");
                                              bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings = bindingKey;
                                          }
                                      });
                                  }
  
                                  // Run update in its own computed wrapper
                                  if (typeof handlerUpdateFn == "function") {
                                      ko.dependentObservable(
                                          function () {
                                              handlerUpdateFn(node, getValueAccessor(bindingKey), allBindings, bindingContext['$data'], bindingContext);
                                          },
                                          null,
                                          { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: node }
                                      );
                                  }
                              } catch (ex) {
                                  ex.message = "Unable to process binding \"" + bindingKey + ": " + bindings[bindingKey] + "\"\nMessage: " + ex.message;
                                  throw ex;
                              }
                          });
                      }
  
                      return {
                          'shouldBindDescendants': bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings === undefined
                      };
                  };
  
                  var storedBindingContextDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                  ko.storedBindingContextForNode = function (node, bindingContext) {
                      if (arguments.length == 2) {
                          ko.utils.domData.set(node, storedBindingContextDomDataKey, bindingContext);
                          if (bindingContext._subscribable)
                              bindingContext._subscribable._addNode(node);
                      } else {
                          return ko.utils.domData.get(node, storedBindingContextDomDataKey);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext) {
                      return viewModelOrBindingContext && (viewModelOrBindingContext instanceof ko.bindingContext)
                          ? viewModelOrBindingContext
                          : new ko.bindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext);
                  }
  
                  ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode = function (node, bindings, viewModelOrBindingContext) {
                      if (node.nodeType === 1) // If it's an element, workaround IE <= 8 HTML parsing weirdness
                          ko.virtualElements.normaliseVirtualElementDomStructure(node);
                      return applyBindingsToNodeInternal(node, bindings, getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext), true);
                  };
  
                  ko.applyBindingsToNode = function (node, bindings, viewModelOrBindingContext) {
                      var context = getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext);
                      return ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode(node, makeBindingAccessors(bindings, context, node), context);
                  };
  
                  ko.applyBindingsToDescendants = function (viewModelOrBindingContext, rootNode) {
                      if (rootNode.nodeType === 1 || rootNode.nodeType === 8)
                          applyBindingsToDescendantsInternal(getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext), rootNode, true);
                  };
  
                  ko.applyBindings = function (viewModelOrBindingContext, rootNode) {
                      // If jQuery is loaded after Knockout, we won't initially have access to it. So save it here.
                      if (!jQueryInstance && window['jQuery']) {
                          jQueryInstance = window['jQuery'];
                      }
  
                      if (rootNode && (rootNode.nodeType !== 1) && (rootNode.nodeType !== 8))
                          throw new Error("ko.applyBindings: first parameter should be your view model; second parameter should be a DOM node");
                      rootNode = rootNode || window.document.body; // Make "rootNode" parameter optional
  
                      applyBindingsToNodeAndDescendantsInternal(getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext), rootNode, true);
                  };
  
                  // Retrieving binding context from arbitrary nodes
                  ko.contextFor = function (node) {
                      // We can only do something meaningful for elements and comment nodes (in particular, not text nodes, as IE can't store domdata for them)
                      switch (node.nodeType) {
                          case 1:
                          case 8:
                              var context = ko.storedBindingContextForNode(node);
                              if (context) return context;
                              if (node.parentNode) return ko.contextFor(node.parentNode);
                              break;
                      }
                      return undefined;
                  };
                  ko.dataFor = function (node) {
                      var context = ko.contextFor(node);
                      return context ? context['$data'] : undefined;
                  };
  
                  ko.exportSymbol('bindingHandlers', ko.bindingHandlers);
                  ko.exportSymbol('applyBindings', ko.applyBindings);
                  ko.exportSymbol('applyBindingsToDescendants', ko.applyBindingsToDescendants);
                  ko.exportSymbol('applyBindingAccessorsToNode', ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode);
                  ko.exportSymbol('applyBindingsToNode', ko.applyBindingsToNode);
                  ko.exportSymbol('contextFor', ko.contextFor);
                  ko.exportSymbol('dataFor', ko.dataFor);
              })();
              (function (undefined) {
                  var loadingSubscribablesCache = {}, // Tracks component loads that are currently in flight
                      loadedDefinitionsCache = {};    // Tracks component loads that have already completed
  
                  ko.components = {
                      get: function (componentName, callback) {
                          var cachedDefinition = getObjectOwnProperty(loadedDefinitionsCache, componentName);
                          if (cachedDefinition) {
                              // It's already loaded and cached. Reuse the same definition object.
                              // Note that for API consistency, even cache hits complete asynchronously by default.
                              // You can bypass this by putting synchronous:true on your component config.
                              if (cachedDefinition.isSynchronousComponent) {
                                  ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(function () { // See comment in loaderRegistryBehaviors.js for reasoning
                                      callback(cachedDefinition.definition);
                                  });
                              } else {
                                  ko.tasks.schedule(function () { callback(cachedDefinition.definition); });
                              }
                          } else {
                              // Join the loading process that is already underway, or start a new one.
                              loadComponentAndNotify(componentName, callback);
                          }
                      },
  
                      clearCachedDefinition: function (componentName) {
                          delete loadedDefinitionsCache[componentName];
                      },
  
                      _getFirstResultFromLoaders: getFirstResultFromLoaders
                  };
  
                  function getObjectOwnProperty(obj, propName) {
                      return obj.hasOwnProperty(propName) ? obj[propName] : undefined;
                  }
  
                  function loadComponentAndNotify(componentName, callback) {
                      var subscribable = getObjectOwnProperty(loadingSubscribablesCache, componentName),
                          completedAsync;
                      if (!subscribable) {
                          // It's not started loading yet. Start loading, and when it's done, move it to loadedDefinitionsCache.
                          subscribable = loadingSubscribablesCache[componentName] = new ko.subscribable();
                          subscribable.subscribe(callback);
  
                          beginLoadingComponent(componentName, function (definition, config) {
                              var isSynchronousComponent = !!(config && config['synchronous']);
                              loadedDefinitionsCache[componentName] = { definition: definition, isSynchronousComponent: isSynchronousComponent };
                              delete loadingSubscribablesCache[componentName];
  
                              // For API consistency, all loads complete asynchronously. However we want to avoid
                              // adding an extra task schedule if it's unnecessary (i.e., the completion is already
                              // async).
                              //
                              // You can bypass the 'always asynchronous' feature by putting the synchronous:true
                              // flag on your component configuration when you register it.
                              if (completedAsync || isSynchronousComponent) {
                                  // Note that notifySubscribers ignores any dependencies read within the callback.
                                  // See comment in loaderRegistryBehaviors.js for reasoning
                                  subscribable['notifySubscribers'](definition);
                              } else {
                                  ko.tasks.schedule(function () {
                                      subscribable['notifySubscribers'](definition);
                                  });
                              }
                          });
                          completedAsync = true;
                      } else {
                          subscribable.subscribe(callback);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function beginLoadingComponent(componentName, callback) {
                      getFirstResultFromLoaders('getConfig', [componentName], function (config) {
                          if (config) {
                              // We have a config, so now load its definition
                              getFirstResultFromLoaders('loadComponent', [componentName, config], function (definition) {
                                  callback(definition, config);
                              });
                          } else {
                              // The component has no config - it's unknown to all the loaders.
                              // Note that this is not an error (e.g., a module loading error) - that would abort the
                              // process and this callback would not run. For this callback to run, all loaders must
                              // have confirmed they don't know about this component.
                              callback(null, null);
                          }
                      });
                  }
  
                  function getFirstResultFromLoaders(methodName, argsExceptCallback, callback, candidateLoaders) {
                      // On the first call in the stack, start with the full set of loaders
                      if (!candidateLoaders) {
                          candidateLoaders = ko.components['loaders'].slice(0); // Use a copy, because we'll be mutating this array
                      }
  
                      // Try the next candidate
                      var currentCandidateLoader = candidateLoaders.shift();
                      if (currentCandidateLoader) {
                          var methodInstance = currentCandidateLoader[methodName];
                          if (methodInstance) {
                              var wasAborted = false,
                                  synchronousReturnValue = methodInstance.apply(currentCandidateLoader, argsExceptCallback.concat(function (result) {
                                      if (wasAborted) {
                                          callback(null);
                                      } else if (result !== null) {
                                          // This candidate returned a value. Use it.
                                          callback(result);
                                      } else {
                                          // Try the next candidate
                                          getFirstResultFromLoaders(methodName, argsExceptCallback, callback, candidateLoaders);
                                      }
                                  }));
  
                              // Currently, loaders may not return anything synchronously. This leaves open the possibility
                              // that we'll extend the API to support synchronous return values in the future. It won't be
                              // a breaking change, because currently no loader is allowed to return anything except undefined.
                              if (synchronousReturnValue !== undefined) {
                                  wasAborted = true;
  
                                  // Method to suppress exceptions will remain undocumented. This is only to keep
                                  // KO's specs running tidily, since we can observe the loading got aborted without
                                  // having exceptions cluttering up the console too.
                                  if (!currentCandidateLoader['suppressLoaderExceptions']) {
                                      throw new Error('Component loaders must supply values by invoking the callback, not by returning values synchronously.');
                                  }
                              }
                          } else {
                              // This candidate doesn't have the relevant handler. Synchronously move on to the next one.
                              getFirstResultFromLoaders(methodName, argsExceptCallback, callback, candidateLoaders);
                          }
                      } else {
                          // No candidates returned a value
                          callback(null);
                      }
                  }
  
                  // Reference the loaders via string name so it's possible for developers
                  // to replace the whole array by assigning to ko.components.loaders
                  ko.components['loaders'] = [];
  
                  ko.exportSymbol('components', ko.components);
                  ko.exportSymbol('components.get', ko.components.get);
                  ko.exportSymbol('components.clearCachedDefinition', ko.components.clearCachedDefinition);
              })();
              (function (undefined) {
                  // The default loader is responsible for two things:
                  // 1. Maintaining the default in-memory registry of component configuration objects
                  //    (i.e., the thing you're writing to when you call ko.components.register(someName, ...))
                  // 2. Answering requests for components by fetching configuration objects
                  //    from that default in-memory registry and resolving them into standard
                  //    component definition objects (of the form { createViewModel: ..., template: ... })
                  // Custom loaders may override either of these facilities, i.e.,
                  // 1. To supply configuration objects from some other source (e.g., conventions)
                  // 2. Or, to resolve configuration objects by loading viewmodels/templates via arbitrary logic.
  
                  var defaultConfigRegistry = {};
  
                  ko.components.register = function (componentName, config) {
                      if (!config) {
                          throw new Error('Invalid configuration for ' + componentName);
                      }
  
                      if (ko.components.isRegistered(componentName)) {
                          throw new Error('Component ' + componentName + ' is already registered');
                      }
  
                      defaultConfigRegistry[componentName] = config;
                  };
  
                  ko.components.isRegistered = function (componentName) {
                      return defaultConfigRegistry.hasOwnProperty(componentName);
                  };
  
                  ko.components.unregister = function (componentName) {
                      delete defaultConfigRegistry[componentName];
                      ko.components.clearCachedDefinition(componentName);
                  };
  
                  ko.components.defaultLoader = {
                      'getConfig': function (componentName, callback) {
                          var result = defaultConfigRegistry.hasOwnProperty(componentName)
                              ? defaultConfigRegistry[componentName]
                              : null;
                          callback(result);
                      },
  
                      'loadComponent': function (componentName, config, callback) {
                          var errorCallback = makeErrorCallback(componentName);
                          possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, config, function (loadedConfig) {
                              resolveConfig(componentName, errorCallback, loadedConfig, callback);
                          });
                      },
  
                      'loadTemplate': function (componentName, templateConfig, callback) {
                          resolveTemplate(makeErrorCallback(componentName), templateConfig, callback);
                      },
  
                      'loadViewModel': function (componentName, viewModelConfig, callback) {
                          resolveViewModel(makeErrorCallback(componentName), viewModelConfig, callback);
                      }
                  };
  
                  var createViewModelKey = 'createViewModel';
  
                  // Takes a config object of the form { template: ..., viewModel: ... }, and asynchronously convert it
                  // into the standard component definition format:
                  //    { template: <ArrayOfDomNodes>, createViewModel: function(params, componentInfo) { ... } }.
                  // Since both template and viewModel may need to be resolved asynchronously, both tasks are performed
                  // in parallel, and the results joined when both are ready. We don't depend on any promises infrastructure,
                  // so this is implemented manually below.
                  function resolveConfig(componentName, errorCallback, config, callback) {
                      var result = {},
                          makeCallBackWhenZero = 2,
                          tryIssueCallback = function () {
                              if (--makeCallBackWhenZero === 0) {
                                  callback(result);
                              }
                          },
                          templateConfig = config['template'],
                          viewModelConfig = config['viewModel'];
  
                      if (templateConfig) {
                          possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, templateConfig, function (loadedConfig) {
                              ko.components._getFirstResultFromLoaders('loadTemplate', [componentName, loadedConfig], function (resolvedTemplate) {
                                  result['template'] = resolvedTemplate;
                                  tryIssueCallback();
                              });
                          });
                      } else {
                          tryIssueCallback();
                      }
  
                      if (viewModelConfig) {
                          possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, viewModelConfig, function (loadedConfig) {
                              ko.components._getFirstResultFromLoaders('loadViewModel', [componentName, loadedConfig], function (resolvedViewModel) {
                                  result[createViewModelKey] = resolvedViewModel;
                                  tryIssueCallback();
                              });
                          });
                      } else {
                          tryIssueCallback();
                      }
                  }
  
                  function resolveTemplate(errorCallback, templateConfig, callback) {
                      if (typeof templateConfig === 'string') {
                          // Markup - parse it
                          callback(ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(templateConfig));
                      } else if (templateConfig instanceof Array) {
                          // Assume already an array of DOM nodes - pass through unchanged
                          callback(templateConfig);
                      } else if (isDocumentFragment(templateConfig)) {
                          // Document fragment - use its child nodes
                          callback(ko.utils.makeArray(templateConfig.childNodes));
                      } else if (templateConfig['element']) {
                          var element = templateConfig['element'];
                          if (isDomElement(element)) {
                              // Element instance - copy its child nodes
                              callback(cloneNodesFromTemplateSourceElement(element));
                          } else if (typeof element === 'string') {
                              // Element ID - find it, then copy its child nodes
                              var elemInstance = document.getElementById(element);
                              if (elemInstance) {
                                  callback(cloneNodesFromTemplateSourceElement(elemInstance));
                              } else {
                                  errorCallback('Cannot find element with ID ' + element);
                              }
                          } else {
                              errorCallback('Unknown element type: ' + element);
                          }
                      } else {
                          errorCallback('Unknown template value: ' + templateConfig);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function resolveViewModel(errorCallback, viewModelConfig, callback) {
                      if (typeof viewModelConfig === 'function') {
                          // Constructor - convert to standard factory function format
                          // By design, this does *not* supply componentInfo to the constructor, as the intent is that
                          // componentInfo contains non-viewmodel data (e.g., the component's element) that should only
                          // be used in factory functions, not viewmodel constructors.
                          callback(function (params /*, componentInfo */) {
                              return new viewModelConfig(params);
                          });
                      } else if (typeof viewModelConfig[createViewModelKey] === 'function') {
                          // Already a factory function - use it as-is
                          callback(viewModelConfig[createViewModelKey]);
                      } else if ('instance' in viewModelConfig) {
                          // Fixed object instance - promote to createViewModel format for API consistency
                          var fixedInstance = viewModelConfig['instance'];
                          callback(function (params, componentInfo) {
                              return fixedInstance;
                          });
                      } else if ('viewModel' in viewModelConfig) {
                          // Resolved AMD module whose value is of the form { viewModel: ... }
                          resolveViewModel(errorCallback, viewModelConfig['viewModel'], callback);
                      } else {
                          errorCallback('Unknown viewModel value: ' + viewModelConfig);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function cloneNodesFromTemplateSourceElement(elemInstance) {
                      switch (ko.utils.tagNameLower(elemInstance)) {
                          case 'script':
                              return ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(elemInstance.text);
                          case 'textarea':
                              return ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(elemInstance.value);
                          case 'template':
                              // For browsers with proper <template> element support (i.e., where the .content property
                              // gives a document fragment), use that document fragment.
                              if (isDocumentFragment(elemInstance.content)) {
                                  return ko.utils.cloneNodes(elemInstance.content.childNodes);
                              }
                      }
  
                      // Regular elements such as <div>, and <template> elements on old browsers that don't really
                      // understand <template> and just treat it as a regular container
                      return ko.utils.cloneNodes(elemInstance.childNodes);
                  }
  
                  function isDomElement(obj) {
                      if (window['HTMLElement']) {
                          return obj instanceof HTMLElement;
                      } else {
                          return obj && obj.tagName && obj.nodeType === 1;
                      }
                  }
  
                  function isDocumentFragment(obj) {
                      if (window['DocumentFragment']) {
                          return obj instanceof DocumentFragment;
                      } else {
                          return obj && obj.nodeType === 11;
                      }
                  }
  
                  function possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, config, callback) {
                      if (typeof config['require'] === 'string') {
                          // The config is the value of an AMD module
                          if (amdRequire || window['require']) {
                              (amdRequire || window['require'])([config['require']], callback);
                          } else {
                              errorCallback('Uses require, but no AMD loader is present');
                          }
                      } else {
                          callback(config);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function makeErrorCallback(componentName) {
                      return function (message) {
                          throw new Error('Component \'' + componentName + '\': ' + message);
                      };
                  }
  
                  ko.exportSymbol('components.register', ko.components.register);
                  ko.exportSymbol('components.isRegistered', ko.components.isRegistered);
                  ko.exportSymbol('components.unregister', ko.components.unregister);
  
                  // Expose the default loader so that developers can directly ask it for configuration
                  // or to resolve configuration
                  ko.exportSymbol('components.defaultLoader', ko.components.defaultLoader);
  
                  // By default, the default loader is the only registered component loader
                  ko.components['loaders'].push(ko.components.defaultLoader);
  
                  // Privately expose the underlying config registry for use in old-IE shim
                  ko.components._allRegisteredComponents = defaultConfigRegistry;
              })();
              (function (undefined) {
                  // Overridable API for determining which component name applies to a given node. By overriding this,
                  // you can for example map specific tagNames to components that are not preregistered.
                  ko.components['getComponentNameForNode'] = function (node) {
                      var tagNameLower = ko.utils.tagNameLower(node);
                      if (ko.components.isRegistered(tagNameLower)) {
                          // Try to determine that this node can be considered a *custom* element; see https://github.com/knockout/knockout/issues/1603
                          if (tagNameLower.indexOf('-') != -1 || ('' + node) == "[object HTMLUnknownElement]" || (ko.utils.ieVersion <= 8 && node.tagName === tagNameLower)) {
                              return tagNameLower;
                          }
                      }
                  };
  
                  ko.components.addBindingsForCustomElement = function (allBindings, node, bindingContext, valueAccessors) {
                      // Determine if it's really a custom element matching a component
                      if (node.nodeType === 1) {
                          var componentName = ko.components['getComponentNameForNode'](node);
                          if (componentName) {
                              // It does represent a component, so add a component binding for it
                              allBindings = allBindings || {};
  
                              if (allBindings['component']) {
                                  // Avoid silently overwriting some other 'component' binding that may already be on the element
                                  throw new Error('Cannot use the "component" binding on a custom element matching a component');
                              }
  
                              var componentBindingValue = { 'name': componentName, 'params': getComponentParamsFromCustomElement(node, bindingContext) };
  
                              allBindings['component'] = valueAccessors
                                  ? function () { return componentBindingValue; }
                                  : componentBindingValue;
                          }
                      }
  
                      return allBindings;
                  }
  
                  var nativeBindingProviderInstance = new ko.bindingProvider();
  
                  function getComponentParamsFromCustomElement(elem, bindingContext) {
                      var paramsAttribute = elem.getAttribute('params');
  
                      if (paramsAttribute) {
                          var params = nativeBindingProviderInstance['parseBindingsString'](paramsAttribute, bindingContext, elem, { 'valueAccessors': true, 'bindingParams': true }),
                              rawParamComputedValues = ko.utils.objectMap(params, function (paramValue, paramName) {
                                  return ko.computed(paramValue, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: elem });
                              }),
                              result = ko.utils.objectMap(rawParamComputedValues, function (paramValueComputed, paramName) {
                                  var paramValue = paramValueComputed.peek();
                                  // Does the evaluation of the parameter value unwrap any observables?
                                  if (!paramValueComputed.isActive()) {
                                      // No it doesn't, so there's no need for any computed wrapper. Just pass through the supplied value directly.
                                      // Example: "someVal: firstName, age: 123" (whether or not firstName is an observable/computed)
                                      return paramValue;
                                  } else {
                                      // Yes it does. Supply a computed property that unwraps both the outer (binding expression)
                                      // level of observability, and any inner (resulting model value) level of observability.
                                      // This means the component doesn't have to worry about multiple unwrapping. If the value is a
                                      // writable observable, the computed will also be writable and pass the value on to the observable.
                                      return ko.computed({
                                          'read': function () {
                                              return ko.utils.unwrapObservable(paramValueComputed());
                                          },
                                          'write': ko.isWriteableObservable(paramValue) && function (value) {
                                              paramValueComputed()(value);
                                          },
                                          disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: elem
                                      });
                                  }
                              });
  
                          // Give access to the raw computeds, as long as that wouldn't overwrite any custom param also called '$raw'
                          // This is in case the developer wants to react to outer (binding) observability separately from inner
                          // (model value) observability, or in case the model value observable has subobservables.
                          if (!result.hasOwnProperty('$raw')) {
                              result['$raw'] = rawParamComputedValues;
                          }
  
                          return result;
                      } else {
                          // For consistency, absence of a "params" attribute is treated the same as the presence of
                          // any empty one. Otherwise component viewmodels need special code to check whether or not
                          // 'params' or 'params.$raw' is null/undefined before reading subproperties, which is annoying.
                          return { '$raw': {} };
                      }
                  }
  
                  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  // Compatibility code for older (pre-HTML5) IE browsers
  
                  if (ko.utils.ieVersion < 9) {
                      // Whenever you preregister a component, enable it as a custom element in the current document
                      ko.components['register'] = (function (originalFunction) {
                          return function (componentName) {
                              document.createElement(componentName); // Allows IE<9 to parse markup containing the custom element
                              return originalFunction.apply(this, arguments);
                          }
                      })(ko.components['register']);
  
                      // Whenever you create a document fragment, enable all preregistered component names as custom elements
                      // This is needed to make innerShiv/jQuery HTML parsing correctly handle the custom elements
                      document.createDocumentFragment = (function (originalFunction) {
                          return function () {
                              var newDocFrag = originalFunction(),
                                  allComponents = ko.components._allRegisteredComponents;
                              for (var componentName in allComponents) {
                                  if (allComponents.hasOwnProperty(componentName)) {
                                      newDocFrag.createElement(componentName);
                                  }
                              }
                              return newDocFrag;
                          };
                      })(document.createDocumentFragment);
                  }
              })(); (function (undefined) {
                  var componentLoadingOperationUniqueId = 0;
  
                  ko.bindingHandlers['component'] = {
                      'init': function (element, valueAccessor, ignored1, ignored2, bindingContext) {
                          var currentViewModel,
                              currentLoadingOperationId,
                              disposeAssociatedComponentViewModel = function () {
                                  var currentViewModelDispose = currentViewModel && currentViewModel['dispose'];
                                  if (typeof currentViewModelDispose === 'function') {
                                      currentViewModelDispose.call(currentViewModel);
                                  }
                                  currentViewModel = null;
                                  // Any in-flight loading operation is no longer relevant, so make sure we ignore its completion
                                  currentLoadingOperationId = null;
                              },
                              originalChildNodes = ko.utils.makeArray(ko.virtualElements.childNodes(element));
  
                          ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(element, disposeAssociatedComponentViewModel);
  
                          ko.computed(function () {
                              var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()),
                                  componentName, componentParams;
  
                              if (typeof value === 'string') {
                                  componentName = value;
                              } else {
                                  componentName = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(value['name']);
                                  componentParams = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(value['params']);
                              }
  
                              if (!componentName) {
                                  throw new Error('No component name specified');
                              }
  
                              var loadingOperationId = currentLoadingOperationId = ++componentLoadingOperationUniqueId;
                              ko.components.get(componentName, function (componentDefinition) {
                                  // If this is not the current load operation for this element, ignore it.
                                  if (currentLoadingOperationId !== loadingOperationId) {
                                      return;
                                  }
  
                                  // Clean up previous state
                                  disposeAssociatedComponentViewModel();
  
                                  // Instantiate and bind new component. Implicitly this cleans any old DOM nodes.
                                  if (!componentDefinition) {
                                      throw new Error('Unknown component \'' + componentName + '\'');
                                  }
                                  cloneTemplateIntoElement(componentName, componentDefinition, element);
                                  var componentViewModel = createViewModel(componentDefinition, element, originalChildNodes, componentParams),
                                      childBindingContext = bindingContext['createChildContext'](componentViewModel, /* dataItemAlias */ undefined, function (ctx) {
                                          ctx['$component'] = componentViewModel;
                                          ctx['$componentTemplateNodes'] = originalChildNodes;
                                      });
                                  currentViewModel = componentViewModel;
                                  ko.applyBindingsToDescendants(childBindingContext, element);
                              });
                          }, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
  
                          return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                      }
                  };
  
                  ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['component'] = true;
  
                  function cloneTemplateIntoElement(componentName, componentDefinition, element) {
                      var template = componentDefinition['template'];
                      if (!template) {
                          throw new Error('Component \'' + componentName + '\' has no template');
                      }
  
                      var clonedNodesArray = ko.utils.cloneNodes(template);
                      ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(element, clonedNodesArray);
                  }
  
                  function createViewModel(componentDefinition, element, originalChildNodes, componentParams) {
                      var componentViewModelFactory = componentDefinition['createViewModel'];
                      return componentViewModelFactory
                          ? componentViewModelFactory.call(componentDefinition, componentParams, { 'element': element, 'templateNodes': originalChildNodes })
                          : componentParams; // Template-only component
                  }
              })();
              var attrHtmlToJavascriptMap = { 'class': 'className', 'for': 'htmlFor' };
              ko.bindingHandlers['attr'] = {
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                      var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()) || {};
                      ko.utils.objectForEach(value, function (attrName, attrValue) {
                          attrValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(attrValue);
  
                          // To cover cases like "attr: { checked:someProp }", we want to remove the attribute entirely
                          // when someProp is a "no value"-like value (strictly null, false, or undefined)
                          // (because the absence of the "checked" attr is how to mark an element as not checked, etc.)
                          var toRemove = (attrValue === false) || (attrValue === null) || (attrValue === undefined);
                          if (toRemove)
                              element.removeAttribute(attrName);
  
                          // In IE <= 7 and IE8 Quirks Mode, you have to use the Javascript property name instead of the
                          // HTML attribute name for certain attributes. IE8 Standards Mode supports the correct behavior,
                          // but instead of figuring out the mode, we'll just set the attribute through the Javascript
                          // property for IE <= 8.
                          if (ko.utils.ieVersion <= 8 && attrName in attrHtmlToJavascriptMap) {
                              attrName = attrHtmlToJavascriptMap[attrName];
                              if (toRemove)
                                  element.removeAttribute(attrName);
                              else
                                  element[attrName] = attrValue;
                          } else if (!toRemove) {
                              element.setAttribute(attrName, attrValue.toString());
                          }
  
                          // Treat "name" specially - although you can think of it as an attribute, it also needs
                          // special handling on older versions of IE (https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/333)
                          // Deliberately being case-sensitive here because XHTML would regard "Name" as a different thing
                          // entirely, and there's no strong reason to allow for such casing in HTML.
                          if (attrName === "name") {
                              ko.utils.setElementName(element, toRemove ? "" : attrValue.toString());
                          }
                      });
                  }
              };
              (function () {
                  ko.bindingHandlers['checked'] = {
                      'after': ['value', 'attr'],
                      'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                          var checkedValue = ko.pureComputed(function () {
                              // Treat "value" like "checkedValue" when it is included with "checked" binding
                              if (allBindings['has']('checkedValue')) {
                                  return ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('checkedValue'));
                              } else if (allBindings['has']('value')) {
                                  return ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('value'));
                              }
  
                              return element.value;
                          });
  
                          function updateModel() {
                              // This updates the model value from the view value.
                              // It runs in response to DOM events (click) and changes in checkedValue.
                              var isChecked = element.checked,
                                  elemValue = useCheckedValue ? checkedValue() : isChecked;
  
                              // When we're first setting up this computed, don't change any model state.
                              if (ko.computedContext.isInitial()) {
                                  return;
                              }
  
                              // We can ignore unchecked radio buttons, because some other radio
                              // button will be getting checked, and that one can take care of updating state.
                              if (isRadio && !isChecked) {
                                  return;
                              }
  
                              var modelValue = ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(valueAccessor);
                              if (valueIsArray) {
                                  var writableValue = rawValueIsNonArrayObservable ? modelValue.peek() : modelValue;
                                  if (oldElemValue !== elemValue) {
                                      // When we're responding to the checkedValue changing, and the element is
                                      // currently checked, replace the old elem value with the new elem value
                                      // in the model array.
                                      if (isChecked) {
                                          ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(writableValue, elemValue, true);
                                          ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(writableValue, oldElemValue, false);
                                      }
  
                                      oldElemValue = elemValue;
                                  } else {
                                      // When we're responding to the user having checked/unchecked a checkbox,
                                      // add/remove the element value to the model array.
                                      ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(writableValue, elemValue, isChecked);
                                  }
                                  if (rawValueIsNonArrayObservable && ko.isWriteableObservable(modelValue)) {
                                      modelValue(writableValue);
                                  }
                              } else {
                                  ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(modelValue, allBindings, 'checked', elemValue, true);
                              }
                          };
  
                          function updateView() {
                              // This updates the view value from the model value.
                              // It runs in response to changes in the bound (checked) value.
                              var modelValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
  
                              if (valueIsArray) {
                                  // When a checkbox is bound to an array, being checked represents its value being present in that array
                                  element.checked = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(modelValue, checkedValue()) >= 0;
                              } else if (isCheckbox) {
                                  // When a checkbox is bound to any other value (not an array), being checked represents the value being trueish
                                  element.checked = modelValue;
                              } else {
                                  // For radio buttons, being checked means that the radio button's value corresponds to the model value
                                  element.checked = (checkedValue() === modelValue);
                              }
                          };
  
                          var isCheckbox = element.type == "checkbox",
                              isRadio = element.type == "radio";
  
                          // Only bind to check boxes and radio buttons
                          if (!isCheckbox && !isRadio) {
                              return;
                          }
  
                          var rawValue = valueAccessor(),
                              valueIsArray = isCheckbox && (ko.utils.unwrapObservable(rawValue) instanceof Array),
                              rawValueIsNonArrayObservable = !(valueIsArray && rawValue.push && rawValue.splice),
                              oldElemValue = valueIsArray ? checkedValue() : undefined,
                              useCheckedValue = isRadio || valueIsArray;
  
                          // IE 6 won't allow radio buttons to be selected unless they have a name
                          if (isRadio && !element.name)
                              ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName']['init'](element, function () { return true });
  
                          // Set up two computeds to update the binding:
  
                          // The first responds to changes in the checkedValue value and to element clicks
                          ko.computed(updateModel, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
                          ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "click", updateModel);
  
                          // The second responds to changes in the model value (the one associated with the checked binding)
                          ko.computed(updateView, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
  
                          rawValue = undefined;
                      }
                  };
                  ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['checked'] = true;
  
                  ko.bindingHandlers['checkedValue'] = {
                      'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                          element.value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                      }
                  };
              })(); var classesWrittenByBindingKey = '__ko__cssValue';
              ko.bindingHandlers['css'] = {
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                      if (value !== null && typeof value == "object") {
                          ko.utils.objectForEach(value, function (className, shouldHaveClass) {
                              shouldHaveClass = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(shouldHaveClass);
                              ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass(element, className, shouldHaveClass);
                          });
                      } else {
                          value = ko.utils.stringTrim(String(value || '')); // Make sure we don't try to store or set a non-string value
                          ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass(element, element[classesWrittenByBindingKey], false);
                          element[classesWrittenByBindingKey] = value;
                          ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass(element, value, true);
                      }
                  }
              };
              ko.bindingHandlers['enable'] = {
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                      if (value && element.disabled)
                          element.removeAttribute("disabled");
                      else if ((!value) && (!element.disabled))
                          element.disabled = true;
                  }
              };
  
              ko.bindingHandlers['disable'] = {
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      ko.bindingHandlers['enable']['update'](element, function () { return !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()) });
                  }
              };
              // For certain common events (currently just 'click'), allow a simplified data-binding syntax
              // e.g. click:handler instead of the usual full-length event:{click:handler}
              function makeEventHandlerShortcut(eventName) {
                  ko.bindingHandlers[eventName] = {
                      'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                          var newValueAccessor = function () {
                              var result = {};
                              result[eventName] = valueAccessor();
                              return result;
                          };
                          return ko.bindingHandlers['event']['init'].call(this, element, newValueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext);
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              ko.bindingHandlers['event'] = {
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                      var eventsToHandle = valueAccessor() || {};
                      ko.utils.objectForEach(eventsToHandle, function (eventName) {
                          if (typeof eventName == "string") {
                              ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, eventName, function (event) {
                                  var handlerReturnValue;
                                  var handlerFunction = valueAccessor()[eventName];
                                  if (!handlerFunction)
                                      return;
  
                                  try {
                                      // Take all the event args, and prefix with the viewmodel
                                      var argsForHandler = ko.utils.makeArray(arguments);
                                      viewModel = bindingContext['$data'];
                                      argsForHandler.unshift(viewModel);
                                      handlerReturnValue = handlerFunction.apply(viewModel, argsForHandler);
                                  } finally {
                                      if (handlerReturnValue !== true) { // Normally we want to prevent default action. Developer can override this be explicitly returning true.
                                          if (event.preventDefault)
                                              event.preventDefault();
                                          else
                                              event.returnValue = false;
                                      }
                                  }
  
                                  var bubble = allBindings.get(eventName + 'Bubble') !== false;
                                  if (!bubble) {
                                      event.cancelBubble = true;
                                      if (event.stopPropagation)
                                          event.stopPropagation();
                                  }
                              });
                          }
                      });
                  }
              };
              // "foreach: someExpression" is equivalent to "template: { foreach: someExpression }"
              // "foreach: { data: someExpression, afterAdd: myfn }" is equivalent to "template: { foreach: someExpression, afterAdd: myfn }"
              ko.bindingHandlers['foreach'] = {
                  makeTemplateValueAccessor: function (valueAccessor) {
                      return function () {
                          var modelValue = valueAccessor(),
                              unwrappedValue = ko.utils.peekObservable(modelValue);    // Unwrap without setting a dependency here
  
                          // If unwrappedValue is the array, pass in the wrapped value on its own
                          // The value will be unwrapped and tracked within the template binding
                          // (See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/523)
                          if ((!unwrappedValue) || typeof unwrappedValue.length == "number")
                              return { 'foreach': modelValue, 'templateEngine': ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance };
  
                          // If unwrappedValue.data is the array, preserve all relevant options and unwrap again value so we get updates
                          ko.utils.unwrapObservable(modelValue);
                          return {
                              'foreach': unwrappedValue['data'],
                              'as': unwrappedValue['as'],
                              'includeDestroyed': unwrappedValue['includeDestroyed'],
                              'afterAdd': unwrappedValue['afterAdd'],
                              'beforeRemove': unwrappedValue['beforeRemove'],
                              'afterRender': unwrappedValue['afterRender'],
                              'beforeMove': unwrappedValue['beforeMove'],
                              'afterMove': unwrappedValue['afterMove'],
                              'templateEngine': ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance
                          };
                      };
                  },
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                      return ko.bindingHandlers['template']['init'](element, ko.bindingHandlers['foreach'].makeTemplateValueAccessor(valueAccessor));
                  },
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                      return ko.bindingHandlers['template']['update'](element, ko.bindingHandlers['foreach'].makeTemplateValueAccessor(valueAccessor), allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext);
                  }
              };
              ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators['foreach'] = false; // Can't rewrite control flow bindings
              ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['foreach'] = true;
              var hasfocusUpdatingProperty = '__ko_hasfocusUpdating';
              var hasfocusLastValue = '__ko_hasfocusLastValue';
              ko.bindingHandlers['hasfocus'] = {
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                      var handleElementFocusChange = function (isFocused) {
                          // Where possible, ignore which event was raised and determine focus state using activeElement,
                          // as this avoids phantom focus/blur events raised when changing tabs in modern browsers.
                          // However, not all KO-targeted browsers (Firefox 2) support activeElement. For those browsers,
                          // prevent a loss of focus when changing tabs/windows by setting a flag that prevents hasfocus
                          // from calling 'blur()' on the element when it loses focus.
                          // Discussion at https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/352
                          element[hasfocusUpdatingProperty] = true;
                          var ownerDoc = element.ownerDocument;
                          if ("activeElement" in ownerDoc) {
                              var active;
                              try {
                                  active = ownerDoc.activeElement;
                              } catch (e) {
                                  // IE9 throws if you access activeElement during page load (see issue #703)
                                  active = ownerDoc.body;
                              }
                              isFocused = (active === element);
                          }
                          var modelValue = valueAccessor();
                          ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(modelValue, allBindings, 'hasfocus', isFocused, true);
  
                          //cache the latest value, so we can avoid unnecessarily calling focus/blur in the update function
                          element[hasfocusLastValue] = isFocused;
                          element[hasfocusUpdatingProperty] = false;
                      };
                      var handleElementFocusIn = handleElementFocusChange.bind(null, true);
                      var handleElementFocusOut = handleElementFocusChange.bind(null, false);
  
                      ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focus", handleElementFocusIn);
                      ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focusin", handleElementFocusIn); // For IE
                      ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "blur", handleElementFocusOut);
                      ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focusout", handleElementFocusOut); // For IE
                  },
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      var value = !!ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
  
                      if (!element[hasfocusUpdatingProperty] && element[hasfocusLastValue] !== value) {
                          value ? element.focus() : element.blur();
  
                          // In IE, the blur method doesn't always cause the element to lose focus (for example, if the window is not in focus).
                          // Setting focus to the body element does seem to be reliable in IE, but should only be used if we know that the current
                          // element was focused already.
                          if (!value && element[hasfocusLastValue]) {
                              element.ownerDocument.body.focus();
                          }
  
                          // For IE, which doesn't reliably fire "focus" or "blur" events synchronously
                          ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, value ? "focusin" : "focusout"]);
                      }
                  }
              };
              ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['hasfocus'] = true;
  
              ko.bindingHandlers['hasFocus'] = ko.bindingHandlers['hasfocus']; // Make "hasFocus" an alias
              ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['hasFocus'] = true;
              ko.bindingHandlers['html'] = {
                  'init': function () {
                      // Prevent binding on the dynamically-injected HTML (as developers are unlikely to expect that, and it has security implications)
                      return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                  },
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      // setHtml will unwrap the value if needed
                      ko.utils.setHtml(element, valueAccessor());
                  }
              };
              // Makes a binding like with or if
              function makeWithIfBinding(bindingKey, isWith, isNot, makeContextCallback) {
                  ko.bindingHandlers[bindingKey] = {
                      'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                          var didDisplayOnLastUpdate,
                              savedNodes;
                          ko.computed(function () {
                              var rawValue = valueAccessor(),
                                  dataValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(rawValue),
                                  shouldDisplay = !isNot !== !dataValue, // equivalent to isNot ? !dataValue : !!dataValue
                                  isFirstRender = !savedNodes,
                                  needsRefresh = isFirstRender || isWith || (shouldDisplay !== didDisplayOnLastUpdate);
  
                              if (needsRefresh) {
                                  // Save a copy of the inner nodes on the initial update, but only if we have dependencies.
                                  if (isFirstRender && ko.computedContext.getDependenciesCount()) {
                                      savedNodes = ko.utils.cloneNodes(ko.virtualElements.childNodes(element), true /* shouldCleanNodes */);
                                  }
  
                                  if (shouldDisplay) {
                                      if (!isFirstRender) {
                                          ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(element, ko.utils.cloneNodes(savedNodes));
                                      }
                                      ko.applyBindingsToDescendants(makeContextCallback ? makeContextCallback(bindingContext, rawValue) : bindingContext, element);
                                  } else {
                                      ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(element);
                                  }
  
                                  didDisplayOnLastUpdate = shouldDisplay;
                              }
                          }, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
                          return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                      }
                  };
                  ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators[bindingKey] = false; // Can't rewrite control flow bindings
                  ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings[bindingKey] = true;
              }
  
              // Construct the actual binding handlers
              makeWithIfBinding('if');
              makeWithIfBinding('ifnot', false /* isWith */, true /* isNot */);
              makeWithIfBinding('with', true /* isWith */, false /* isNot */,
                  function (bindingContext, dataValue) {
                      return bindingContext.createStaticChildContext(dataValue);
                  }
              );
              var captionPlaceholder = {};
              ko.bindingHandlers['options'] = {
                  'init': function (element) {
                      if (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) !== "select")
                          throw new Error("options binding applies only to SELECT elements");
  
                      // Remove all existing <option>s.
                      while (element.length > 0) {
                          element.remove(0);
                      }
  
                      // Ensures that the binding processor doesn't try to bind the options
                      return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                  },
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                      function selectedOptions() {
                          return ko.utils.arrayFilter(element.options, function (node) { return node.selected; });
                      }
  
                      var selectWasPreviouslyEmpty = element.length == 0,
                          multiple = element.multiple,
                          previousScrollTop = (!selectWasPreviouslyEmpty && multiple) ? element.scrollTop : null,
                          unwrappedArray = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()),
                          valueAllowUnset = allBindings.get('valueAllowUnset') && allBindings['has']('value'),
                          includeDestroyed = allBindings.get('optionsIncludeDestroyed'),
                          arrayToDomNodeChildrenOptions = {},
                          captionValue,
                          filteredArray,
                          previousSelectedValues = [];
  
                      if (!valueAllowUnset) {
                          if (multiple) {
                              previousSelectedValues = ko.utils.arrayMap(selectedOptions(), ko.selectExtensions.readValue);
                          } else if (element.selectedIndex >= 0) {
                              previousSelectedValues.push(ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[element.selectedIndex]));
                          }
                      }
  
                      if (unwrappedArray) {
                          if (typeof unwrappedArray.length == "undefined") // Coerce single value into array
                              unwrappedArray = [unwrappedArray];
  
                          // Filter out any entries marked as destroyed
                          filteredArray = ko.utils.arrayFilter(unwrappedArray, function (item) {
                              return includeDestroyed || item === undefined || item === null || !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(item['_destroy']);
                          });
  
                          // If caption is included, add it to the array
                          if (allBindings['has']('optionsCaption')) {
                              captionValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('optionsCaption'));
                              // If caption value is null or undefined, don't show a caption
                              if (captionValue !== null && captionValue !== undefined) {
                                  filteredArray.unshift(captionPlaceholder);
                              }
                          }
                      } else {
                          // If a falsy value is provided (e.g. null), we'll simply empty the select element
                      }
  
                      function applyToObject(object, predicate, defaultValue) {
                          var predicateType = typeof predicate;
                          if (predicateType == "function")    // Given a function; run it against the data value
                              return predicate(object);
                          else if (predicateType == "string") // Given a string; treat it as a property name on the data value
                              return object[predicate];
                          else                                // Given no optionsText arg; use the data value itself
                              return defaultValue;
                      }
  
                      // The following functions can run at two different times:
                      // The first is when the whole array is being updated directly from this binding handler.
                      // The second is when an observable value for a specific array entry is updated.
                      // oldOptions will be empty in the first case, but will be filled with the previously generated option in the second.
                      var itemUpdate = false;
                      function optionForArrayItem(arrayEntry, index, oldOptions) {
                          if (oldOptions.length) {
                              previousSelectedValues = !valueAllowUnset && oldOptions[0].selected ? [ko.selectExtensions.readValue(oldOptions[0])] : [];
                              itemUpdate = true;
                          }
                          var option = element.ownerDocument.createElement("option");
                          if (arrayEntry === captionPlaceholder) {
                              ko.utils.setTextContent(option, allBindings.get('optionsCaption'));
                              ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(option, undefined);
                          } else {
                              // Apply a value to the option element
                              var optionValue = applyToObject(arrayEntry, allBindings.get('optionsValue'), arrayEntry);
                              ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(option, ko.utils.unwrapObservable(optionValue));
  
                              // Apply some text to the option element
                              var optionText = applyToObject(arrayEntry, allBindings.get('optionsText'), optionValue);
                              ko.utils.setTextContent(option, optionText);
                          }
                          return [option];
                      }
  
                      // By using a beforeRemove callback, we delay the removal until after new items are added. This fixes a selection
                      // problem in IE<=8 and Firefox. See https://github.com/knockout/knockout/issues/1208
                      arrayToDomNodeChildrenOptions['beforeRemove'] =
                          function (option) {
                              element.removeChild(option);
                          };
  
                      function setSelectionCallback(arrayEntry, newOptions) {
                          if (itemUpdate && valueAllowUnset) {
                              // The model value is authoritative, so make sure its value is the one selected
                              // There is no need to use dependencyDetection.ignore since setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping does so already.
                              ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(element, ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('value')), true /* allowUnset */);
                          } else if (previousSelectedValues.length) {
                              // IE6 doesn't like us to assign selection to OPTION nodes before they're added to the document.
                              // That's why we first added them without selection. Now it's time to set the selection.
                              var isSelected = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(previousSelectedValues, ko.selectExtensions.readValue(newOptions[0])) >= 0;
                              ko.utils.setOptionNodeSelectionState(newOptions[0], isSelected);
  
                              // If this option was changed from being selected during a single-item update, notify the change
                              if (itemUpdate && !isSelected) {
                                  ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, "change"]);
                              }
                          }
                      }
  
                      var callback = setSelectionCallback;
                      if (allBindings['has']('optionsAfterRender') && typeof allBindings.get('optionsAfterRender') == "function") {
                          callback = function (arrayEntry, newOptions) {
                              setSelectionCallback(arrayEntry, newOptions);
                              ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(allBindings.get('optionsAfterRender'), null, [newOptions[0], arrayEntry !== captionPlaceholder ? arrayEntry : undefined]);
                          }
                      }
  
                      ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping(element, filteredArray, optionForArrayItem, arrayToDomNodeChildrenOptions, callback);
  
                      ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(function () {
                          if (valueAllowUnset) {
                              // The model value is authoritative, so make sure its value is the one selected
                              ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(element, ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('value')), true /* allowUnset */);
                          } else {
                              // Determine if the selection has changed as a result of updating the options list
                              var selectionChanged;
                              if (multiple) {
                                  // For a multiple-select box, compare the new selection count to the previous one
                                  // But if nothing was selected before, the selection can't have changed
                                  selectionChanged = previousSelectedValues.length && selectedOptions().length < previousSelectedValues.length;
                              } else {
                                  // For a single-select box, compare the current value to the previous value
                                  // But if nothing was selected before or nothing is selected now, just look for a change in selection
                                  selectionChanged = (previousSelectedValues.length && element.selectedIndex >= 0)
                                      ? (ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[element.selectedIndex]) !== previousSelectedValues[0])
                                      : (previousSelectedValues.length || element.selectedIndex >= 0);
                              }
  
                              // Ensure consistency between model value and selected option.
                              // If the dropdown was changed so that selection is no longer the same,
                              // notify the value or selectedOptions binding.
                              if (selectionChanged) {
                                  ko.utils.triggerEvent(element, "change");
                              }
                          }
                      });
  
                      // Workaround for IE bug
                      ko.utils.ensureSelectElementIsRenderedCorrectly(element);
  
                      if (previousScrollTop && Math.abs(previousScrollTop - element.scrollTop) > 20)
                          element.scrollTop = previousScrollTop;
                  }
              };
              ko.bindingHandlers['options'].optionValueDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
              ko.bindingHandlers['selectedOptions'] = {
                  'after': ['options', 'foreach'],
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                      ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "change", function () {
                          var value = valueAccessor(), valueToWrite = [];
                          ko.utils.arrayForEach(element.getElementsByTagName("option"), function (node) {
                              if (node.selected)
                                  valueToWrite.push(ko.selectExtensions.readValue(node));
                          });
                          ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(value, allBindings, 'selectedOptions', valueToWrite);
                      });
                  },
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      if (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) != "select")
                          throw new Error("values binding applies only to SELECT elements");
  
                      var newValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()),
                          previousScrollTop = element.scrollTop;
  
                      if (newValue && typeof newValue.length == "number") {
                          ko.utils.arrayForEach(element.getElementsByTagName("option"), function (node) {
                              var isSelected = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(newValue, ko.selectExtensions.readValue(node)) >= 0;
                              if (node.selected != isSelected) {      // This check prevents flashing of the select element in IE
                                  ko.utils.setOptionNodeSelectionState(node, isSelected);
                              }
                          });
                      }
  
                      element.scrollTop = previousScrollTop;
                  }
              };
              ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['selectedOptions'] = true;
              ko.bindingHandlers['style'] = {
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor() || {});
                      ko.utils.objectForEach(value, function (styleName, styleValue) {
                          styleValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(styleValue);
  
                          if (styleValue === null || styleValue === undefined || styleValue === false) {
                              // Empty string removes the value, whereas null/undefined have no effect
                              styleValue = "";
                          }
  
                          element.style[styleName] = styleValue;
                      });
                  }
              };
              ko.bindingHandlers['submit'] = {
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                      if (typeof valueAccessor() != "function")
                          throw new Error("The value for a submit binding must be a function");
                      ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "submit", function (event) {
                          var handlerReturnValue;
                          var value = valueAccessor();
                          try { handlerReturnValue = value.call(bindingContext['$data'], element); }
                          finally {
                              if (handlerReturnValue !== true) { // Normally we want to prevent default action. Developer can override this be explicitly returning true.
                                  if (event.preventDefault)
                                      event.preventDefault();
                                  else
                                      event.returnValue = false;
                              }
                          }
                      });
                  }
              };
              ko.bindingHandlers['text'] = {
                  'init': function () {
                      // Prevent binding on the dynamically-injected text node (as developers are unlikely to expect that, and it has security implications).
                      // It should also make things faster, as we no longer have to consider whether the text node might be bindable.
                      return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                  },
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      ko.utils.setTextContent(element, valueAccessor());
                  }
              };
              ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['text'] = true;
              (function () {
                  if (window && window.navigator) {
                      var parseVersion = function (matches) {
                          if (matches) {
                              return parseFloat(matches[1]);
                          }
                      };
  
                      // Detect various browser versions because some old versions don't fully support the 'input' event
                      var operaVersion = window.opera && window.opera.version && parseInt(window.opera.version()),
                          userAgent = window.navigator.userAgent,
                          safariVersion = parseVersion(userAgent.match(/^(?:(?!chrome).)*version\/([^ ]*) safari/i)),
                          firefoxVersion = parseVersion(userAgent.match(/Firefox\/([^ ]*)/));
                  }
  
                  // IE 8 and 9 have bugs that prevent the normal events from firing when the value changes.
                  // But it does fire the 'selectionchange' event on many of those, presumably because the
                  // cursor is moving and that counts as the selection changing. The 'selectionchange' event is
                  // fired at the document level only and doesn't directly indicate which element changed. We
                  // set up just one event handler for the document and use 'activeElement' to determine which
                  // element was changed.
                  if (ko.utils.ieVersion < 10) {
                      var selectionChangeRegisteredName = ko.utils.domData.nextKey(),
                          selectionChangeHandlerName = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                      var selectionChangeHandler = function (event) {
                          var target = this.activeElement,
                              handler = target && ko.utils.domData.get(target, selectionChangeHandlerName);
                          if (handler) {
                              handler(event);
                          }
                      };
                      var registerForSelectionChangeEvent = function (element, handler) {
                          var ownerDoc = element.ownerDocument;
                          if (!ko.utils.domData.get(ownerDoc, selectionChangeRegisteredName)) {
                              ko.utils.domData.set(ownerDoc, selectionChangeRegisteredName, true);
                              ko.utils.registerEventHandler(ownerDoc, 'selectionchange', selectionChangeHandler);
                          }
                          ko.utils.domData.set(element, selectionChangeHandlerName, handler);
                      };
                  }
  
                  ko.bindingHandlers['textInput'] = {
                      'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                          var previousElementValue = element.value,
                              timeoutHandle,
                              elementValueBeforeEvent;
  
                          var updateModel = function (event) {
                              clearTimeout(timeoutHandle);
                              elementValueBeforeEvent = timeoutHandle = undefined;
  
                              var elementValue = element.value;
                              if (previousElementValue !== elementValue) {
                                  // Provide a way for tests to know exactly which event was processed
                                  if (DEBUG && event) element['_ko_textInputProcessedEvent'] = event.type;
                                  previousElementValue = elementValue;
                                  ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(valueAccessor(), allBindings, 'textInput', elementValue);
                              }
                          };
  
                          var deferUpdateModel = function (event) {
                              if (!timeoutHandle) {
                                  // The elementValueBeforeEvent variable is set *only* during the brief gap between an
                                  // event firing and the updateModel function running. This allows us to ignore model
                                  // updates that are from the previous state of the element, usually due to techniques
                                  // such as rateLimit. Such updates, if not ignored, can cause keystrokes to be lost.
                                  elementValueBeforeEvent = element.value;
                                  var handler = DEBUG ? updateModel.bind(element, { type: event.type }) : updateModel;
                                  timeoutHandle = ko.utils.setTimeout(handler, 4);
                              }
                          };
  
                          // IE9 will mess up the DOM if you handle events synchronously which results in DOM changes (such as other bindings);
                          // so we'll make sure all updates are asynchronous
                          var ieUpdateModel = ko.utils.ieVersion == 9 ? deferUpdateModel : updateModel;
  
                          var updateView = function () {
                              var modelValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
  
                              if (modelValue === null || modelValue === undefined) {
                                  modelValue = '';
                              }
  
                              if (elementValueBeforeEvent !== undefined && modelValue === elementValueBeforeEvent) {
                                  ko.utils.setTimeout(updateView, 4);
                                  return;
                              }
  
                              // Update the element only if the element and model are different. On some browsers, updating the value
                              // will move the cursor to the end of the input, which would be bad while the user is typing.
                              if (element.value !== modelValue) {
                                  previousElementValue = modelValue;  // Make sure we ignore events (propertychange) that result from updating the value
                                  element.value = modelValue;
                              }
                          };
  
                          var onEvent = function (event, handler) {
                              ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, event, handler);
                          };
  
                          if (DEBUG && ko.bindingHandlers['textInput']['_forceUpdateOn']) {
                              // Provide a way for tests to specify exactly which events are bound
                              ko.utils.arrayForEach(ko.bindingHandlers['textInput']['_forceUpdateOn'], function (eventName) {
                                  if (eventName.slice(0, 5) == 'after') {
                                      onEvent(eventName.slice(5), deferUpdateModel);
                                  } else {
                                      onEvent(eventName, updateModel);
                                  }
                              });
                          } else {
                              if (ko.utils.ieVersion < 10) {
                                  // Internet Explorer <= 8 doesn't support the 'input' event, but does include 'propertychange' that fires whenever
                                  // any property of an element changes. Unlike 'input', it also fires if a property is changed from JavaScript code,
                                  // but that's an acceptable compromise for this binding. IE 9 does support 'input', but since it doesn't fire it
                                  // when using autocomplete, we'll use 'propertychange' for it also.
                                  onEvent('propertychange', function (event) {
                                      if (event.propertyName === 'value') {
                                          ieUpdateModel(event);
                                      }
                                  });
  
                                  if (ko.utils.ieVersion == 8) {
                                      // IE 8 has a bug where it fails to fire 'propertychange' on the first update following a value change from
                                      // JavaScript code. It also doesn't fire if you clear the entire value. To fix this, we bind to the following
                                      // events too.
                                      onEvent('keyup', updateModel);      // A single keystoke
                                      onEvent('keydown', updateModel);    // The first character when a key is held down
                                  }
                                  if (ko.utils.ieVersion >= 8) {
                                      // Internet Explorer 9 doesn't fire the 'input' event when deleting text, including using
                                      // the backspace, delete, or ctrl-x keys, clicking the 'x' to clear the input, dragging text
                                      // out of the field, and cutting or deleting text using the context menu. 'selectionchange'
                                      // can detect all of those except dragging text out of the field, for which we use 'dragend'.
                                      // These are also needed in IE8 because of the bug described above.
                                      registerForSelectionChangeEvent(element, ieUpdateModel);  // 'selectionchange' covers cut, paste, drop, delete, etc.
                                      onEvent('dragend', deferUpdateModel);
                                  }
                              } else {
                                  // All other supported browsers support the 'input' event, which fires whenever the content of the element is changed
                                  // through the user interface.
                                  onEvent('input', updateModel);
  
                                  if (safariVersion < 5 && ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) === "textarea") {
                                      // Safari <5 doesn't fire the 'input' event for <textarea> elements (it does fire 'textInput'
                                      // but only when typing). So we'll just catch as much as we can with keydown, cut, and paste.
                                      onEvent('keydown', deferUpdateModel);
                                      onEvent('paste', deferUpdateModel);
                                      onEvent('cut', deferUpdateModel);
                                  } else if (operaVersion < 11) {
                                      // Opera 10 doesn't always fire the 'input' event for cut, paste, undo & drop operations.
                                      // We can try to catch some of those using 'keydown'.
                                      onEvent('keydown', deferUpdateModel);
                                  } else if (firefoxVersion < 4.0) {
                                      // Firefox <= 3.6 doesn't fire the 'input' event when text is filled in through autocomplete
                                      onEvent('DOMAutoComplete', updateModel);
  
                                      // Firefox <=3.5 doesn't fire the 'input' event when text is dropped into the input.
                                      onEvent('dragdrop', updateModel);       // <3.5
                                      onEvent('drop', updateModel);           // 3.5
                                  }
                              }
                          }
  
                          // Bind to the change event so that we can catch programmatic updates of the value that fire this event.
                          onEvent('change', updateModel);
  
                          ko.computed(updateView, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
                      }
                  };
                  ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['textInput'] = true;
  
                  // textinput is an alias for textInput
                  ko.bindingHandlers['textinput'] = {
                      // preprocess is the only way to set up a full alias
                      'preprocess': function (value, name, addBinding) {
                          addBinding('textInput', value);
                      }
                  };
              })(); ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName'] = {
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      if (valueAccessor()) {
                          var name = "ko_unique_" + (++ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName'].currentIndex);
                          ko.utils.setElementName(element, name);
                      }
                  }
              };
              ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName'].currentIndex = 0;
              ko.bindingHandlers['value'] = {
                  'after': ['options', 'foreach'],
                  'init': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                      // If the value binding is placed on a radio/checkbox, then just pass through to checkedValue and quit
                      if (element.tagName.toLowerCase() == "input" && (element.type == "checkbox" || element.type == "radio")) {
                          ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode(element, { 'checkedValue': valueAccessor });
                          return;
                      }
  
                      // Always catch "change" event; possibly other events too if asked
                      var eventsToCatch = ["change"];
                      var requestedEventsToCatch = allBindings.get("valueUpdate");
                      var propertyChangedFired = false;
                      var elementValueBeforeEvent = null;
  
                      if (requestedEventsToCatch) {
                          if (typeof requestedEventsToCatch == "string") // Allow both individual event names, and arrays of event names
                              requestedEventsToCatch = [requestedEventsToCatch];
                          ko.utils.arrayPushAll(eventsToCatch, requestedEventsToCatch);
                          eventsToCatch = ko.utils.arrayGetDistinctValues(eventsToCatch);
                      }
  
                      var valueUpdateHandler = function () {
                          elementValueBeforeEvent = null;
                          propertyChangedFired = false;
                          var modelValue = valueAccessor();
                          var elementValue = ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element);
                          ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(modelValue, allBindings, 'value', elementValue);
                      }
  
                      // Workaround for https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/122
                      // IE doesn't fire "change" events on textboxes if the user selects a value from its autocomplete list
                      var ieAutoCompleteHackNeeded = ko.utils.ieVersion && element.tagName.toLowerCase() == "input" && element.type == "text"
                          && element.autocomplete != "off" && (!element.form || element.form.autocomplete != "off");
                      if (ieAutoCompleteHackNeeded && ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(eventsToCatch, "propertychange") == -1) {
                          ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "propertychange", function () { propertyChangedFired = true });
                          ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focus", function () { propertyChangedFired = false });
                          ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "blur", function () {
                              if (propertyChangedFired) {
                                  valueUpdateHandler();
                              }
                          });
                      }
  
                      ko.utils.arrayForEach(eventsToCatch, function (eventName) {
                          // The syntax "after<eventname>" means "run the handler asynchronously after the event"
                          // This is useful, for example, to catch "keydown" events after the browser has updated the control
                          // (otherwise, ko.selectExtensions.readValue(this) will receive the control's value *before* the key event)
                          var handler = valueUpdateHandler;
                          if (ko.utils.stringStartsWith(eventName, "after")) {
                              handler = function () {
                                  // The elementValueBeforeEvent variable is non-null *only* during the brief gap between
                                  // a keyX event firing and the valueUpdateHandler running, which is scheduled to happen
                                  // at the earliest asynchronous opportunity. We store this temporary information so that
                                  // if, between keyX and valueUpdateHandler, the underlying model value changes separately,
                                  // we can overwrite that model value change with the value the user just typed. Otherwise,
                                  // techniques like rateLimit can trigger model changes at critical moments that will
                                  // override the user's inputs, causing keystrokes to be lost.
                                  elementValueBeforeEvent = ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element);
                                  ko.utils.setTimeout(valueUpdateHandler, 0);
                              };
                              eventName = eventName.substring("after".length);
                          }
                          ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, eventName, handler);
                      });
  
                      var updateFromModel = function () {
                          var newValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                          var elementValue = ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element);
  
                          if (elementValueBeforeEvent !== null && newValue === elementValueBeforeEvent) {
                              ko.utils.setTimeout(updateFromModel, 0);
                              return;
                          }
  
                          var valueHasChanged = (newValue !== elementValue);
  
                          if (valueHasChanged) {
                              if (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) === "select") {
                                  var allowUnset = allBindings.get('valueAllowUnset');
                                  var applyValueAction = function () {
                                      ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(element, newValue, allowUnset);
                                  };
                                  applyValueAction();
  
                                  if (!allowUnset && newValue !== ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element)) {
                                      // If you try to set a model value that can't be represented in an already-populated dropdown, reject that change,
                                      // because you're not allowed to have a model value that disagrees with a visible UI selection.
                                      ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, "change"]);
                                  } else {
                                      // Workaround for IE6 bug: It won't reliably apply values to SELECT nodes during the same execution thread
                                      // right after you've changed the set of OPTION nodes on it. So for that node type, we'll schedule a second thread
                                      // to apply the value as well.
                                      ko.utils.setTimeout(applyValueAction, 0);
                                  }
                              } else {
                                  ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(element, newValue);
                              }
                          }
                      };
  
                      ko.computed(updateFromModel, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
                  },
                  'update': function () { } // Keep for backwards compatibility with code that may have wrapped value binding
              };
              ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['value'] = true;
              ko.bindingHandlers['visible'] = {
                  'update': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                      var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                      var isCurrentlyVisible = !(element.style.display == "none");
                      if (value && !isCurrentlyVisible)
                          element.style.display = "";
                      else if ((!value) && isCurrentlyVisible)
                          element.style.display = "none";
                  }
              };
              // 'click' is just a shorthand for the usual full-length event:{click:handler}
              makeEventHandlerShortcut('click');
              // If you want to make a custom template engine,
              //
              // [1] Inherit from this class (like ko.nativeTemplateEngine does)
              // [2] Override 'renderTemplateSource', supplying a function with this signature:
              //
              //        function (templateSource, bindingContext, options) {
              //            // - templateSource.text() is the text of the template you should render
              //            // - bindingContext.$data is the data you should pass into the template
              //            //   - you might also want to make bindingContext.$parent, bindingContext.$parents,
              //            //     and bindingContext.$root available in the template too
              //            // - options gives you access to any other properties set on "data-bind: { template: options }"
              //            // - templateDocument is the document object of the template
              //            //
              //            // Return value: an array of DOM nodes
              //        }
              //
              // [3] Override 'createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock', supplying a function with this signature:
              //
              //        function (script) {
              //            // Return value: Whatever syntax means "Evaluate the JavaScript statement 'script' and output the result"
              //            //               For example, the jquery.tmpl template engine converts 'someScript' to '${ someScript }'
              //        }
              //
              //     This is only necessary if you want to allow data-bind attributes to reference arbitrary template variables.
              //     If you don't want to allow that, you can set the property 'allowTemplateRewriting' to false (like ko.nativeTemplateEngine does)
              //     and then you don't need to override 'createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'.
  
              ko.templateEngine = function () { };
  
              ko.templateEngine.prototype['renderTemplateSource'] = function (templateSource, bindingContext, options, templateDocument) {
                  throw new Error("Override renderTemplateSource");
              };
  
              ko.templateEngine.prototype['createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'] = function (script) {
                  throw new Error("Override createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock");
              };
  
              ko.templateEngine.prototype['makeTemplateSource'] = function (template, templateDocument) {
                  // Named template
                  if (typeof template == "string") {
                      templateDocument = templateDocument || document;
                      var elem = templateDocument.getElementById(template);
                      if (!elem)
                          throw new Error("Cannot find template with ID " + template);
                      return new ko.templateSources.domElement(elem);
                  } else if ((template.nodeType == 1) || (template.nodeType == 8)) {
                      // Anonymous template
                      return new ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate(template);
                  } else
                      throw new Error("Unknown template type: " + template);
              };
  
              ko.templateEngine.prototype['renderTemplate'] = function (template, bindingContext, options, templateDocument) {
                  var templateSource = this['makeTemplateSource'](template, templateDocument);
                  return this['renderTemplateSource'](templateSource, bindingContext, options, templateDocument);
              };
  
              ko.templateEngine.prototype['isTemplateRewritten'] = function (template, templateDocument) {
                  // Skip rewriting if requested
                  if (this['allowTemplateRewriting'] === false)
                      return true;
                  return this['makeTemplateSource'](template, templateDocument)['data']("isRewritten");
              };
  
              ko.templateEngine.prototype['rewriteTemplate'] = function (template, rewriterCallback, templateDocument) {
                  var templateSource = this['makeTemplateSource'](template, templateDocument);
                  var rewritten = rewriterCallback(templateSource['text']());
                  templateSource['text'](rewritten);
                  templateSource['data']("isRewritten", true);
              };
  
              ko.exportSymbol('templateEngine', ko.templateEngine);
  
              ko.templateRewriting = (function () {
                  var memoizeDataBindingAttributeSyntaxRegex = /(<([a-z]+\d*)(?:\s+(?!data-bind\s*=\s*)[a-z0-9\-]+(?:=(?:\"[^\"]*\"|\'[^\']*\'|[^>]*))?)*\s+)data-bind\s*=\s*(["'])([\s\S]*?)\3/gi;
                  var memoizeVirtualContainerBindingSyntaxRegex = /<!--\s*ko\b\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*-->/g;
  
                  function validateDataBindValuesForRewriting(keyValueArray) {
                      var allValidators = ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators;
                      for (var i = 0; i < keyValueArray.length; i++) {
                          var key = keyValueArray[i]['key'];
                          if (allValidators.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                              var validator = allValidators[key];
  
                              if (typeof validator === "function") {
                                  var possibleErrorMessage = validator(keyValueArray[i]['value']);
                                  if (possibleErrorMessage)
                                      throw new Error(possibleErrorMessage);
                              } else if (!validator) {
                                  throw new Error("This template engine does not support the '" + key + "' binding within its templates");
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
  
                  function constructMemoizedTagReplacement(dataBindAttributeValue, tagToRetain, nodeName, templateEngine) {
                      var dataBindKeyValueArray = ko.expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral(dataBindAttributeValue);
                      validateDataBindValuesForRewriting(dataBindKeyValueArray);
                      var rewrittenDataBindAttributeValue = ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings(dataBindKeyValueArray, { 'valueAccessors': true });
  
                      // For no obvious reason, Opera fails to evaluate rewrittenDataBindAttributeValue unless it's wrapped in an additional
                      // anonymous function, even though Opera's built-in debugger can evaluate it anyway. No other browser requires this
                      // extra indirection.
                      var applyBindingsToNextSiblingScript =
                          "ko.__tr_ambtns(function($context,$element){return(function(){return{ " + rewrittenDataBindAttributeValue + " } })()},'" + nodeName.toLowerCase() + "')";
                      return templateEngine['createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'](applyBindingsToNextSiblingScript) + tagToRetain;
                  }
  
                  return {
                      ensureTemplateIsRewritten: function (template, templateEngine, templateDocument) {
                          if (!templateEngine['isTemplateRewritten'](template, templateDocument))
                              templateEngine['rewriteTemplate'](template, function (htmlString) {
                                  return ko.templateRewriting.memoizeBindingAttributeSyntax(htmlString, templateEngine);
                              }, templateDocument);
                      },
  
                      memoizeBindingAttributeSyntax: function (htmlString, templateEngine) {
                          return htmlString.replace(memoizeDataBindingAttributeSyntaxRegex, function () {
                              return constructMemoizedTagReplacement(/* dataBindAttributeValue: */ arguments[4], /* tagToRetain: */ arguments[1], /* nodeName: */ arguments[2], templateEngine);
                          }).replace(memoizeVirtualContainerBindingSyntaxRegex, function () {
                              return constructMemoizedTagReplacement(/* dataBindAttributeValue: */ arguments[1], /* tagToRetain: */ "<!-- ko -->", /* nodeName: */ "#comment", templateEngine);
                          });
                      },
  
                      applyMemoizedBindingsToNextSibling: function (bindings, nodeName) {
                          return ko.memoization.memoize(function (domNode, bindingContext) {
                              var nodeToBind = domNode.nextSibling;
                              if (nodeToBind && nodeToBind.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName) {
                                  ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode(nodeToBind, bindings, bindingContext);
                              }
                          });
                      }
                  }
              })();
  
              // Exported only because it has to be referenced by string lookup from within rewritten template
              ko.exportSymbol('__tr_ambtns', ko.templateRewriting.applyMemoizedBindingsToNextSibling);
              (function () {
                  // A template source represents a read/write way of accessing a template. This is to eliminate the need for template loading/saving
                  // logic to be duplicated in every template engine (and means they can all work with anonymous templates, etc.)
                  //
                  // Two are provided by default:
                  //  1. ko.templateSources.domElement       - reads/writes the text content of an arbitrary DOM element
                  //  2. ko.templateSources.anonymousElement - uses ko.utils.domData to read/write text *associated* with the DOM element, but
                  //                                           without reading/writing the actual element text content, since it will be overwritten
                  //                                           with the rendered template output.
                  // You can implement your own template source if you want to fetch/store templates somewhere other than in DOM elements.
                  // Template sources need to have the following functions:
                  //   text() 			- returns the template text from your storage location
                  //   text(value)		- writes the supplied template text to your storage location
                  //   data(key)			- reads values stored using data(key, value) - see below
                  //   data(key, value)	- associates "value" with this template and the key "key". Is used to store information like "isRewritten".
                  //
                  // Optionally, template sources can also have the following functions:
                  //   nodes()            - returns a DOM element containing the nodes of this template, where available
                  //   nodes(value)       - writes the given DOM element to your storage location
                  // If a DOM element is available for a given template source, template engines are encouraged to use it in preference over text()
                  // for improved speed. However, all templateSources must supply text() even if they don't supply nodes().
                  //
                  // Once you've implemented a templateSource, make your template engine use it by subclassing whatever template engine you were
                  // using and overriding "makeTemplateSource" to return an instance of your custom template source.
  
                  ko.templateSources = {};
  
                  // ---- ko.templateSources.domElement -----
  
                  // template types
                  var templateScript = 1,
                      templateTextArea = 2,
                      templateTemplate = 3,
                      templateElement = 4;
  
                  ko.templateSources.domElement = function (element) {
                      this.domElement = element;
  
                      if (element) {
                          var tagNameLower = ko.utils.tagNameLower(element);
                          this.templateType =
                              tagNameLower === "script" ? templateScript :
                                  tagNameLower === "textarea" ? templateTextArea :
                                      // For browsers with proper <template> element support, where the .content property gives a document fragment
                                      tagNameLower == "template" && element.content && element.content.nodeType === 11 ? templateTemplate :
                                          templateElement;
                      }
                  }
  
                  ko.templateSources.domElement.prototype['text'] = function (/* valueToWrite */) {
                      var elemContentsProperty = this.templateType === templateScript ? "text"
                          : this.templateType === templateTextArea ? "value"
                              : "innerHTML";
  
                      if (arguments.length == 0) {
                          return this.domElement[elemContentsProperty];
                      } else {
                          var valueToWrite = arguments[0];
                          if (elemContentsProperty === "innerHTML")
                              ko.utils.setHtml(this.domElement, valueToWrite);
                          else
                              this.domElement[elemContentsProperty] = valueToWrite;
                      }
                  };
  
                  var dataDomDataPrefix = ko.utils.domData.nextKey() + "_";
                  ko.templateSources.domElement.prototype['data'] = function (key /*, valueToWrite */) {
                      if (arguments.length === 1) {
                          return ko.utils.domData.get(this.domElement, dataDomDataPrefix + key);
                      } else {
                          ko.utils.domData.set(this.domElement, dataDomDataPrefix + key, arguments[1]);
                      }
                  };
  
                  var templatesDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                  function getTemplateDomData(element) {
                      return ko.utils.domData.get(element, templatesDomDataKey) || {};
                  }
                  function setTemplateDomData(element, data) {
                      ko.utils.domData.set(element, templatesDomDataKey, data);
                  }
  
                  ko.templateSources.domElement.prototype['nodes'] = function (/* valueToWrite */) {
                      var element = this.domElement;
                      if (arguments.length == 0) {
                          var templateData = getTemplateDomData(element),
                              containerData = templateData.containerData;
                          return containerData || (
                              this.templateType === templateTemplate ? element.content :
                                  this.templateType === templateElement ? element :
                                      undefined);
                      } else {
                          var valueToWrite = arguments[0];
                          setTemplateDomData(element, { containerData: valueToWrite });
                      }
                  };
  
                  // ---- ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate -----
                  // Anonymous templates are normally saved/retrieved as DOM nodes through "nodes".
                  // For compatibility, you can also read "text"; it will be serialized from the nodes on demand.
                  // Writing to "text" is still supported, but then the template data will not be available as DOM nodes.
  
                  ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate = function (element) {
                      this.domElement = element;
                  }
                  ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate.prototype = new ko.templateSources.domElement();
                  ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate.prototype.constructor = ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate;
                  ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate.prototype['text'] = function (/* valueToWrite */) {
                      if (arguments.length == 0) {
                          var templateData = getTemplateDomData(this.domElement);
                          if (templateData.textData === undefined && templateData.containerData)
                              templateData.textData = templateData.containerData.innerHTML;
                          return templateData.textData;
                      } else {
                          var valueToWrite = arguments[0];
                          setTemplateDomData(this.domElement, { textData: valueToWrite });
                      }
                  };
  
                  ko.exportSymbol('templateSources', ko.templateSources);
                  ko.exportSymbol('templateSources.domElement', ko.templateSources.domElement);
                  ko.exportSymbol('templateSources.anonymousTemplate', ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate);
              })();
              (function () {
                  var _templateEngine;
                  ko.setTemplateEngine = function (templateEngine) {
                      if ((templateEngine != undefined) && !(templateEngine instanceof ko.templateEngine))
                          throw new Error("templateEngine must inherit from ko.templateEngine");
                      _templateEngine = templateEngine;
                  }
  
                  function invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, action) {
                      var node, nextInQueue = firstNode, firstOutOfRangeNode = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(lastNode);
                      while (nextInQueue && ((node = nextInQueue) !== firstOutOfRangeNode)) {
                          nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(node);
                          action(node, nextInQueue);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function activateBindingsOnContinuousNodeArray(continuousNodeArray, bindingContext) {
                      // To be used on any nodes that have been rendered by a template and have been inserted into some parent element
                      // Walks through continuousNodeArray (which *must* be continuous, i.e., an uninterrupted sequence of sibling nodes, because
                      // the algorithm for walking them relies on this), and for each top-level item in the virtual-element sense,
                      // (1) Does a regular "applyBindings" to associate bindingContext with this node and to activate any non-memoized bindings
                      // (2) Unmemoizes any memos in the DOM subtree (e.g., to activate bindings that had been memoized during template rewriting)
  
                      if (continuousNodeArray.length) {
                          var firstNode = continuousNodeArray[0],
                              lastNode = continuousNodeArray[continuousNodeArray.length - 1],
                              parentNode = firstNode.parentNode,
                              provider = ko.bindingProvider['instance'],
                              preprocessNode = provider['preprocessNode'];
  
                          if (preprocessNode) {
                              invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, function (node, nextNodeInRange) {
                                  var nodePreviousSibling = node.previousSibling;
                                  var newNodes = preprocessNode.call(provider, node);
                                  if (newNodes) {
                                      if (node === firstNode)
                                          firstNode = newNodes[0] || nextNodeInRange;
                                      if (node === lastNode)
                                          lastNode = newNodes[newNodes.length - 1] || nodePreviousSibling;
                                  }
                              });
  
                              // Because preprocessNode can change the nodes, including the first and last nodes, update continuousNodeArray to match.
                              // We need the full set, including inner nodes, because the unmemoize step might remove the first node (and so the real
                              // first node needs to be in the array).
                              continuousNodeArray.length = 0;
                              if (!firstNode) { // preprocessNode might have removed all the nodes, in which case there's nothing left to do
                                  return;
                              }
                              if (firstNode === lastNode) {
                                  continuousNodeArray.push(firstNode);
                              } else {
                                  continuousNodeArray.push(firstNode, lastNode);
                                  ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(continuousNodeArray, parentNode);
                              }
                          }
  
                          // Need to applyBindings *before* unmemoziation, because unmemoization might introduce extra nodes (that we don't want to re-bind)
                          // whereas a regular applyBindings won't introduce new memoized nodes
                          invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, function (node) {
                              if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 8)
                                  ko.applyBindings(bindingContext, node);
                          });
                          invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, function (node) {
                              if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 8)
                                  ko.memoization.unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants(node, [bindingContext]);
                          });
  
                          // Make sure any changes done by applyBindings or unmemoize are reflected in the array
                          ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(continuousNodeArray, parentNode);
                      }
                  }
  
                  function getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(nodeOrNodeArray) {
                      return nodeOrNodeArray.nodeType ? nodeOrNodeArray
                          : nodeOrNodeArray.length > 0 ? nodeOrNodeArray[0]
                              : null;
                  }
  
                  function executeTemplate(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderMode, template, bindingContext, options) {
                      options = options || {};
                      var firstTargetNode = targetNodeOrNodeArray && getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(targetNodeOrNodeArray);
                      var templateDocument = (firstTargetNode || template || {}).ownerDocument;
                      var templateEngineToUse = (options['templateEngine'] || _templateEngine);
                      ko.templateRewriting.ensureTemplateIsRewritten(template, templateEngineToUse, templateDocument);
                      var renderedNodesArray = templateEngineToUse['renderTemplate'](template, bindingContext, options, templateDocument);
  
                      // Loosely check result is an array of DOM nodes
                      if ((typeof renderedNodesArray.length != "number") || (renderedNodesArray.length > 0 && typeof renderedNodesArray[0].nodeType != "number"))
                          throw new Error("Template engine must return an array of DOM nodes");
  
                      var haveAddedNodesToParent = false;
                      switch (renderMode) {
                          case "replaceChildren":
                              ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderedNodesArray);
                              haveAddedNodesToParent = true;
                              break;
                          case "replaceNode":
                              ko.utils.replaceDomNodes(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderedNodesArray);
                              haveAddedNodesToParent = true;
                              break;
                          case "ignoreTargetNode": break;
                          default:
                              throw new Error("Unknown renderMode: " + renderMode);
                      }
  
                      if (haveAddedNodesToParent) {
                          activateBindingsOnContinuousNodeArray(renderedNodesArray, bindingContext);
                          if (options['afterRender'])
                              ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(options['afterRender'], null, [renderedNodesArray, bindingContext['$data']]);
                      }
  
                      return renderedNodesArray;
                  }
  
                  function resolveTemplateName(template, data, context) {
                      // The template can be specified as:
                      if (ko.isObservable(template)) {
                          // 1. An observable, with string value
                          return template();
                      } else if (typeof template === 'function') {
                          // 2. A function of (data, context) returning a string
                          return template(data, context);
                      } else {
                          // 3. A string
                          return template;
                      }
                  }
  
                  ko.renderTemplate = function (template, dataOrBindingContext, options, targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderMode) {
                      options = options || {};
                      if ((options['templateEngine'] || _templateEngine) == undefined)
                          throw new Error("Set a template engine before calling renderTemplate");
                      renderMode = renderMode || "replaceChildren";
  
                      if (targetNodeOrNodeArray) {
                          var firstTargetNode = getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(targetNodeOrNodeArray);
  
                          var whenToDispose = function () { return (!firstTargetNode) || !ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument(firstTargetNode); }; // Passive disposal (on next evaluation)
                          var activelyDisposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = (firstTargetNode && renderMode == "replaceNode") ? firstTargetNode.parentNode : firstTargetNode;
  
                          return ko.dependentObservable( // So the DOM is automatically updated when any dependency changes
                              function () {
                                  // Ensure we've got a proper binding context to work with
                                  var bindingContext = (dataOrBindingContext && (dataOrBindingContext instanceof ko.bindingContext))
                                      ? dataOrBindingContext
                                      : new ko.bindingContext(dataOrBindingContext, null, null, null, { "exportDependencies": true });
  
                                  var templateName = resolveTemplateName(template, bindingContext['$data'], bindingContext),
                                      renderedNodesArray = executeTemplate(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderMode, templateName, bindingContext, options);
  
                                  if (renderMode == "replaceNode") {
                                      targetNodeOrNodeArray = renderedNodesArray;
                                      firstTargetNode = getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(targetNodeOrNodeArray);
                                  }
                              },
                              null,
                              { disposeWhen: whenToDispose, disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: activelyDisposeWhenNodeIsRemoved }
                          );
                      } else {
                          // We don't yet have a DOM node to evaluate, so use a memo and render the template later when there is a DOM node
                          return ko.memoization.memoize(function (domNode) {
                              ko.renderTemplate(template, dataOrBindingContext, options, domNode, "replaceNode");
                          });
                      }
                  };
  
                  ko.renderTemplateForEach = function (template, arrayOrObservableArray, options, targetNode, parentBindingContext) {
                      // Since setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping always calls executeTemplateForArrayItem and then
                      // activateBindingsCallback for added items, we can store the binding context in the former to use in the latter.
                      var arrayItemContext;
  
                      // This will be called by setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping to get the nodes to add to targetNode
                      var executeTemplateForArrayItem = function (arrayValue, index) {
                          // Support selecting template as a function of the data being rendered
                          arrayItemContext = parentBindingContext['createChildContext'](arrayValue, options['as'], function (context) {
                              context['$index'] = index;
                          });
  
                          var templateName = resolveTemplateName(template, arrayValue, arrayItemContext);
                          return executeTemplate(null, "ignoreTargetNode", templateName, arrayItemContext, options);
                      }
  
                      // This will be called whenever setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping has added nodes to targetNode
                      var activateBindingsCallback = function (arrayValue, addedNodesArray, index) {
                          activateBindingsOnContinuousNodeArray(addedNodesArray, arrayItemContext);
                          if (options['afterRender'])
                              options['afterRender'](addedNodesArray, arrayValue);
  
                          // release the "cache" variable, so that it can be collected by
                          // the GC when its value isn't used from within the bindings anymore.
                          arrayItemContext = null;
                      };
  
                      return ko.dependentObservable(function () {
                          var unwrappedArray = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(arrayOrObservableArray) || [];
                          if (typeof unwrappedArray.length == "undefined") // Coerce single value into array
                              unwrappedArray = [unwrappedArray];
  
                          // Filter out any entries marked as destroyed
                          var filteredArray = ko.utils.arrayFilter(unwrappedArray, function (item) {
                              return options['includeDestroyed'] || item === undefined || item === null || !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(item['_destroy']);
                          });
  
                          // Call setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping, ignoring any observables unwrapped within (most likely from a callback function).
                          // If the array items are observables, though, they will be unwrapped in executeTemplateForArrayItem and managed within setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping.
                          ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping, null, [targetNode, filteredArray, executeTemplateForArrayItem, options, activateBindingsCallback]);
                      }, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: targetNode });
                  };
  
                  var templateComputedDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                  function disposeOldComputedAndStoreNewOne(element, newComputed) {
                      var oldComputed = ko.utils.domData.get(element, templateComputedDomDataKey);
                      if (oldComputed && (typeof (oldComputed.dispose) == 'function'))
                          oldComputed.dispose();
                      ko.utils.domData.set(element, templateComputedDomDataKey, (newComputed && newComputed.isActive()) ? newComputed : undefined);
                  }
  
                  ko.bindingHandlers['template'] = {
                      'init': function (element, valueAccessor) {
                          // Support anonymous templates
                          var bindingValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                          if (typeof bindingValue == "string" || bindingValue['name']) {
                              // It's a named template - clear the element
                              ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(element);
                          } else if ('nodes' in bindingValue) {
                              // We've been given an array of DOM nodes. Save them as the template source.
                              // There is no known use case for the node array being an observable array (if the output
                              // varies, put that behavior *into* your template - that's what templates are for), and
                              // the implementation would be a mess, so assert that it's not observable.
                              var nodes = bindingValue['nodes'] || [];
                              if (ko.isObservable(nodes)) {
                                  throw new Error('The "nodes" option must be a plain, non-observable array.');
                              }
                              var container = ko.utils.moveCleanedNodesToContainerElement(nodes); // This also removes the nodes from their current parent
                              new ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate(element)['nodes'](container);
                          } else {
                              // It's an anonymous template - store the element contents, then clear the element
                              var templateNodes = ko.virtualElements.childNodes(element),
                                  container = ko.utils.moveCleanedNodesToContainerElement(templateNodes); // This also removes the nodes from their current parent
                              new ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate(element)['nodes'](container);
                          }
                          return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                      },
                      'update': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                          var value = valueAccessor(),
                              options = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(value),
                              shouldDisplay = true,
                              templateComputed = null,
                              templateName;
  
                          if (typeof options == "string") {
                              templateName = value;
                              options = {};
                          } else {
                              templateName = options['name'];
  
                              // Support "if"/"ifnot" conditions
                              if ('if' in options)
                                  shouldDisplay = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(options['if']);
                              if (shouldDisplay && 'ifnot' in options)
                                  shouldDisplay = !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(options['ifnot']);
                          }
  
                          if ('foreach' in options) {
                              // Render once for each data point (treating data set as empty if shouldDisplay==false)
                              var dataArray = (shouldDisplay && options['foreach']) || [];
                              templateComputed = ko.renderTemplateForEach(templateName || element, dataArray, options, element, bindingContext);
                          } else if (!shouldDisplay) {
                              ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(element);
                          } else {
                              // Render once for this single data point (or use the viewModel if no data was provided)
                              var innerBindingContext = ('data' in options) ?
                                  bindingContext.createStaticChildContext(options['data'], options['as']) :  // Given an explitit 'data' value, we create a child binding context for it
                                  bindingContext;                                                        // Given no explicit 'data' value, we retain the same binding context
                              templateComputed = ko.renderTemplate(templateName || element, innerBindingContext, options, element);
                          }
  
                          // It only makes sense to have a single template computed per element (otherwise which one should have its output displayed?)
                          disposeOldComputedAndStoreNewOne(element, templateComputed);
                      }
                  };
  
                  // Anonymous templates can't be rewritten. Give a nice error message if you try to do it.
                  ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators['template'] = function (bindingValue) {
                      var parsedBindingValue = ko.expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral(bindingValue);
  
                      if ((parsedBindingValue.length == 1) && parsedBindingValue[0]['unknown'])
                          return null; // It looks like a string literal, not an object literal, so treat it as a named template (which is allowed for rewriting)
  
                      if (ko.expressionRewriting.keyValueArrayContainsKey(parsedBindingValue, "name"))
                          return null; // Named templates can be rewritten, so return "no error"
                      return "This template engine does not support anonymous templates nested within its templates";
                  };
  
                  ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['template'] = true;
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('setTemplateEngine', ko.setTemplateEngine);
              ko.exportSymbol('renderTemplate', ko.renderTemplate);
              // Go through the items that have been added and deleted and try to find matches between them.
              ko.utils.findMovesInArrayComparison = function (left, right, limitFailedCompares) {
                  if (left.length && right.length) {
                      var failedCompares, l, r, leftItem, rightItem;
                      for (failedCompares = l = 0; (!limitFailedCompares || failedCompares < limitFailedCompares) && (leftItem = left[l]); ++l) {
                          for (r = 0; rightItem = right[r]; ++r) {
                              if (leftItem['value'] === rightItem['value']) {
                                  leftItem['moved'] = rightItem['index'];
                                  rightItem['moved'] = leftItem['index'];
                                  right.splice(r, 1);         // This item is marked as moved; so remove it from right list
                                  failedCompares = r = 0;     // Reset failed compares count because we're checking for consecutive failures
                                  break;
                              }
                          }
                          failedCompares += r;
                      }
                  }
              };
  
              ko.utils.compareArrays = (function () {
                  var statusNotInOld = 'added', statusNotInNew = 'deleted';
  
                  // Simple calculation based on Levenshtein distance.
                  function compareArrays(oldArray, newArray, options) {
                      // For backward compatibility, if the third arg is actually a bool, interpret
                      // it as the old parameter 'dontLimitMoves'. Newer code should use { dontLimitMoves: true }.
                      options = (typeof options === 'boolean') ? { 'dontLimitMoves': options } : (options || {});
                      oldArray = oldArray || [];
                      newArray = newArray || [];
  
                      if (oldArray.length < newArray.length)
                          return compareSmallArrayToBigArray(oldArray, newArray, statusNotInOld, statusNotInNew, options);
                      else
                          return compareSmallArrayToBigArray(newArray, oldArray, statusNotInNew, statusNotInOld, options);
                  }
  
                  function compareSmallArrayToBigArray(smlArray, bigArray, statusNotInSml, statusNotInBig, options) {
                      var myMin = Math.min,
                          myMax = Math.max,
                          editDistanceMatrix = [],
                          smlIndex, smlIndexMax = smlArray.length,
                          bigIndex, bigIndexMax = bigArray.length,
                          compareRange = (bigIndexMax - smlIndexMax) || 1,
                          maxDistance = smlIndexMax + bigIndexMax + 1,
                          thisRow, lastRow,
                          bigIndexMaxForRow, bigIndexMinForRow;
  
                      for (smlIndex = 0; smlIndex <= smlIndexMax; smlIndex++) {
                          lastRow = thisRow;
                          editDistanceMatrix.push(thisRow = []);
                          bigIndexMaxForRow = myMin(bigIndexMax, smlIndex + compareRange);
                          bigIndexMinForRow = myMax(0, smlIndex - 1);
                          for (bigIndex = bigIndexMinForRow; bigIndex <= bigIndexMaxForRow; bigIndex++) {
                              if (!bigIndex)
                                  thisRow[bigIndex] = smlIndex + 1;
                              else if (!smlIndex)  // Top row - transform empty array into new array via additions
                                  thisRow[bigIndex] = bigIndex + 1;
                              else if (smlArray[smlIndex - 1] === bigArray[bigIndex - 1])
                                  thisRow[bigIndex] = lastRow[bigIndex - 1];                  // copy value (no edit)
                              else {
                                  var northDistance = lastRow[bigIndex] || maxDistance;       // not in big (deletion)
                                  var westDistance = thisRow[bigIndex - 1] || maxDistance;    // not in small (addition)
                                  thisRow[bigIndex] = myMin(northDistance, westDistance) + 1;
                              }
                          }
                      }
  
                      var editScript = [], meMinusOne, notInSml = [], notInBig = [];
                      for (smlIndex = smlIndexMax, bigIndex = bigIndexMax; smlIndex || bigIndex;) {
                          meMinusOne = editDistanceMatrix[smlIndex][bigIndex] - 1;
                          if (bigIndex && meMinusOne === editDistanceMatrix[smlIndex][bigIndex - 1]) {
                              notInSml.push(editScript[editScript.length] = {     // added
                                  'status': statusNotInSml,
                                  'value': bigArray[--bigIndex],
                                  'index': bigIndex
                              });
                          } else if (smlIndex && meMinusOne === editDistanceMatrix[smlIndex - 1][bigIndex]) {
                              notInBig.push(editScript[editScript.length] = {     // deleted
                                  'status': statusNotInBig,
                                  'value': smlArray[--smlIndex],
                                  'index': smlIndex
                              });
                          } else {
                              --bigIndex;
                              --smlIndex;
                              if (!options['sparse']) {
                                  editScript.push({
                                      'status': "retained",
                                      'value': bigArray[bigIndex]
                                  });
                              }
                          }
                      }
  
                      // Set a limit on the number of consecutive non-matching comparisons; having it a multiple of
                      // smlIndexMax keeps the time complexity of this algorithm linear.
                      ko.utils.findMovesInArrayComparison(notInBig, notInSml, !options['dontLimitMoves'] && smlIndexMax * 10);
  
                      return editScript.reverse();
                  }
  
                  return compareArrays;
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.compareArrays', ko.utils.compareArrays);
              (function () {
                  // Objective:
                  // * Given an input array, a container DOM node, and a function from array elements to arrays of DOM nodes,
                  //   map the array elements to arrays of DOM nodes, concatenate together all these arrays, and use them to populate the container DOM node
                  // * Next time we're given the same combination of things (with the array possibly having mutated), update the container DOM node
                  //   so that its children is again the concatenation of the mappings of the array elements, but don't re-map any array elements that we
                  //   previously mapped - retain those nodes, and just insert/delete other ones
  
                  // "callbackAfterAddingNodes" will be invoked after any "mapping"-generated nodes are inserted into the container node
                  // You can use this, for example, to activate bindings on those nodes.
  
                  function mapNodeAndRefreshWhenChanged(containerNode, mapping, valueToMap, callbackAfterAddingNodes, index) {
                      // Map this array value inside a dependentObservable so we re-map when any dependency changes
                      var mappedNodes = [];
                      var dependentObservable = ko.dependentObservable(function () {
                          var newMappedNodes = mapping(valueToMap, index, ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(mappedNodes, containerNode)) || [];
  
                          // On subsequent evaluations, just replace the previously-inserted DOM nodes
                          if (mappedNodes.length > 0) {
                              ko.utils.replaceDomNodes(mappedNodes, newMappedNodes);
                              if (callbackAfterAddingNodes)
                                  ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(callbackAfterAddingNodes, null, [valueToMap, newMappedNodes, index]);
                          }
  
                          // Replace the contents of the mappedNodes array, thereby updating the record
                          // of which nodes would be deleted if valueToMap was itself later removed
                          mappedNodes.length = 0;
                          ko.utils.arrayPushAll(mappedNodes, newMappedNodes);
                      }, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: containerNode, disposeWhen: function () { return !ko.utils.anyDomNodeIsAttachedToDocument(mappedNodes); } });
                      return { mappedNodes: mappedNodes, dependentObservable: (dependentObservable.isActive() ? dependentObservable : undefined) };
                  }
  
                  var lastMappingResultDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey(),
                      deletedItemDummyValue = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
  
                  ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping = function (domNode, array, mapping, options, callbackAfterAddingNodes) {
                      // Compare the provided array against the previous one
                      array = array || [];
                      options = options || {};
                      var isFirstExecution = ko.utils.domData.get(domNode, lastMappingResultDomDataKey) === undefined;
                      var lastMappingResult = ko.utils.domData.get(domNode, lastMappingResultDomDataKey) || [];
                      var lastArray = ko.utils.arrayMap(lastMappingResult, function (x) { return x.arrayEntry; });
                      var editScript = ko.utils.compareArrays(lastArray, array, options['dontLimitMoves']);
  
                      // Build the new mapping result
                      var newMappingResult = [];
                      var lastMappingResultIndex = 0;
                      var newMappingResultIndex = 0;
  
                      var nodesToDelete = [];
                      var itemsToProcess = [];
                      var itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks = [];
                      var itemsForMoveCallbacks = [];
                      var itemsForAfterAddCallbacks = [];
                      var mapData;
  
                      function itemMovedOrRetained(editScriptIndex, oldPosition) {
                          mapData = lastMappingResult[oldPosition];
                          if (newMappingResultIndex !== oldPosition)
                              itemsForMoveCallbacks[editScriptIndex] = mapData;
                          // Since updating the index might change the nodes, do so before calling fixUpContinuousNodeArray
                          mapData.indexObservable(newMappingResultIndex++);
                          ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(mapData.mappedNodes, domNode);
                          newMappingResult.push(mapData);
                          itemsToProcess.push(mapData);
                      }
  
                      function callCallback(callback, items) {
                          if (callback) {
                              for (var i = 0, n = items.length; i < n; i++) {
                                  if (items[i]) {
                                      ko.utils.arrayForEach(items[i].mappedNodes, function (node) {
                                          callback(node, i, items[i].arrayEntry);
                                      });
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                      }
  
                      for (var i = 0, editScriptItem, movedIndex; editScriptItem = editScript[i]; i++) {
                          movedIndex = editScriptItem['moved'];
                          switch (editScriptItem['status']) {
                              case "deleted":
                                  if (movedIndex === undefined) {
                                      mapData = lastMappingResult[lastMappingResultIndex];
  
                                      // Stop tracking changes to the mapping for these nodes
                                      if (mapData.dependentObservable) {
                                          mapData.dependentObservable.dispose();
                                          mapData.dependentObservable = undefined;
                                      }
  
                                      // Queue these nodes for later removal
                                      if (ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(mapData.mappedNodes, domNode).length) {
                                          if (options['beforeRemove']) {
                                              newMappingResult.push(mapData);
                                              itemsToProcess.push(mapData);
                                              if (mapData.arrayEntry === deletedItemDummyValue) {
                                                  mapData = null;
                                              } else {
                                                  itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks[i] = mapData;
                                              }
                                          }
                                          if (mapData) {
                                              nodesToDelete.push.apply(nodesToDelete, mapData.mappedNodes);
                                          }
                                      }
                                  }
                                  lastMappingResultIndex++;
                                  break;
  
                              case "retained":
                                  itemMovedOrRetained(i, lastMappingResultIndex++);
                                  break;
  
                              case "added":
                                  if (movedIndex !== undefined) {
                                      itemMovedOrRetained(i, movedIndex);
                                  } else {
                                      mapData = { arrayEntry: editScriptItem['value'], indexObservable: ko.observable(newMappingResultIndex++) };
                                      newMappingResult.push(mapData);
                                      itemsToProcess.push(mapData);
                                      if (!isFirstExecution)
                                          itemsForAfterAddCallbacks[i] = mapData;
                                  }
                                  break;
                          }
                      }
  
                      // Store a copy of the array items we just considered so we can difference it next time
                      ko.utils.domData.set(domNode, lastMappingResultDomDataKey, newMappingResult);
  
                      // Call beforeMove first before any changes have been made to the DOM
                      callCallback(options['beforeMove'], itemsForMoveCallbacks);
  
                      // Next remove nodes for deleted items (or just clean if there's a beforeRemove callback)
                      ko.utils.arrayForEach(nodesToDelete, options['beforeRemove'] ? ko.cleanNode : ko.removeNode);
  
                      // Next add/reorder the remaining items (will include deleted items if there's a beforeRemove callback)
                      for (var i = 0, nextNode = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(domNode), lastNode, node; mapData = itemsToProcess[i]; i++) {
                          // Get nodes for newly added items
                          if (!mapData.mappedNodes)
                              ko.utils.extend(mapData, mapNodeAndRefreshWhenChanged(domNode, mapping, mapData.arrayEntry, callbackAfterAddingNodes, mapData.indexObservable));
  
                          // Put nodes in the right place if they aren't there already
                          for (var j = 0; node = mapData.mappedNodes[j]; nextNode = node.nextSibling, lastNode = node, j++) {
                              if (node !== nextNode)
                                  ko.virtualElements.insertAfter(domNode, node, lastNode);
                          }
  
                          // Run the callbacks for newly added nodes (for example, to apply bindings, etc.)
                          if (!mapData.initialized && callbackAfterAddingNodes) {
                              callbackAfterAddingNodes(mapData.arrayEntry, mapData.mappedNodes, mapData.indexObservable);
                              mapData.initialized = true;
                          }
                      }
  
                      // If there's a beforeRemove callback, call it after reordering.
                      // Note that we assume that the beforeRemove callback will usually be used to remove the nodes using
                      // some sort of animation, which is why we first reorder the nodes that will be removed. If the
                      // callback instead removes the nodes right away, it would be more efficient to skip reordering them.
                      // Perhaps we'll make that change in the future if this scenario becomes more common.
                      callCallback(options['beforeRemove'], itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks);
  
                      // Replace the stored values of deleted items with a dummy value. This provides two benefits: it marks this item
                      // as already "removed" so we won't call beforeRemove for it again, and it ensures that the item won't match up
                      // with an actual item in the array and appear as "retained" or "moved".
                      for (i = 0; i < itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks.length; ++i) {
                          if (itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks[i]) {
                              itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks[i].arrayEntry = deletedItemDummyValue;
                          }
                      }
  
                      // Finally call afterMove and afterAdd callbacks
                      callCallback(options['afterMove'], itemsForMoveCallbacks);
                      callCallback(options['afterAdd'], itemsForAfterAddCallbacks);
                  }
              })();
  
              ko.exportSymbol('utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping', ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping);
              ko.nativeTemplateEngine = function () {
                  this['allowTemplateRewriting'] = false;
              }
  
              ko.nativeTemplateEngine.prototype = new ko.templateEngine();
              ko.nativeTemplateEngine.prototype.constructor = ko.nativeTemplateEngine;
              ko.nativeTemplateEngine.prototype['renderTemplateSource'] = function (templateSource, bindingContext, options, templateDocument) {
                  var useNodesIfAvailable = !(ko.utils.ieVersion < 9), // IE<9 cloneNode doesn't work properly
                      templateNodesFunc = useNodesIfAvailable ? templateSource['nodes'] : null,
                      templateNodes = templateNodesFunc ? templateSource['nodes']() : null;
  
                  if (templateNodes) {
                      return ko.utils.makeArray(templateNodes.cloneNode(true).childNodes);
                  } else {
                      var templateText = templateSource['text']();
                      return ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(templateText, templateDocument);
                  }
              };
  
              ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance = new ko.nativeTemplateEngine();
              ko.setTemplateEngine(ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance);
  
              ko.exportSymbol('nativeTemplateEngine', ko.nativeTemplateEngine);
              (function () {
                  ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine = function () {
                      // Detect which version of jquery-tmpl you're using. Unfortunately jquery-tmpl
                      // doesn't expose a version number, so we have to infer it.
                      // Note that as of Knockout 1.3, we only support jQuery.tmpl 1.0.0pre and later,
                      // which KO internally refers to as version "2", so older versions are no longer detected.
                      var jQueryTmplVersion = this.jQueryTmplVersion = (function () {
                          if (!jQueryInstance || !(jQueryInstance['tmpl']))
                              return 0;
                          // Since it exposes no official version number, we use our own numbering system. To be updated as jquery-tmpl evolves.
                          try {
                              if (jQueryInstance['tmpl']['tag']['tmpl']['open'].toString().indexOf('__') >= 0) {
                                  // Since 1.0.0pre, custom tags should append markup to an array called "__"
                                  return 2; // Final version of jquery.tmpl
                              }
                          } catch (ex) { /* Apparently not the version we were looking for */ }
  
                          return 1; // Any older version that we don't support
                      })();
  
                      function ensureHasReferencedJQueryTemplates() {
                          if (jQueryTmplVersion < 2)
                              throw new Error("Your version of jQuery.tmpl is too old. Please upgrade to jQuery.tmpl 1.0.0pre or later.");
                      }
  
                      function executeTemplate(compiledTemplate, data, jQueryTemplateOptions) {
                          return jQueryInstance['tmpl'](compiledTemplate, data, jQueryTemplateOptions);
                      }
  
                      this['renderTemplateSource'] = function (templateSource, bindingContext, options, templateDocument) {
                          templateDocument = templateDocument || document;
                          options = options || {};
                          ensureHasReferencedJQueryTemplates();
  
                          // Ensure we have stored a precompiled version of this template (don't want to reparse on every render)
                          var precompiled = templateSource['data']('precompiled');
                          if (!precompiled) {
                              var templateText = templateSource['text']() || "";
                              // Wrap in "with($whatever.koBindingContext) { ... }"
                              templateText = "{{ko_with $item.koBindingContext}}" + templateText + "{{/ko_with}}";
  
                              precompiled = jQueryInstance['template'](null, templateText);
                              templateSource['data']('precompiled', precompiled);
                          }
  
                          var data = [bindingContext['$data']]; // Prewrap the data in an array to stop jquery.tmpl from trying to unwrap any arrays
                          var jQueryTemplateOptions = jQueryInstance['extend']({ 'koBindingContext': bindingContext }, options['templateOptions']);
  
                          var resultNodes = executeTemplate(precompiled, data, jQueryTemplateOptions);
                          resultNodes['appendTo'](templateDocument.createElement("div")); // Using "appendTo" forces jQuery/jQuery.tmpl to perform necessary cleanup work
  
                          jQueryInstance['fragments'] = {}; // Clear jQuery's fragment cache to avoid a memory leak after a large number of template renders
                          return resultNodes;
                      };
  
                      this['createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'] = function (script) {
                          return "{{ko_code ((function() { return " + script + " })()) }}";
                      };
  
                      this['addTemplate'] = function (templateName, templateMarkup) {
                          document.write("<script type='text/html' id='" + templateName + "'>" + templateMarkup + "<" + "/script>");
                      };
  
                      if (jQueryTmplVersion > 0) {
                          jQueryInstance['tmpl']['tag']['ko_code'] = {
                              open: "__.push($1 || '');"
                          };
                          jQueryInstance['tmpl']['tag']['ko_with'] = {
                              open: "with($1) {",
                              close: "} "
                          };
                      }
                  };
  
                  ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine.prototype = new ko.templateEngine();
                  ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine.prototype.constructor = ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine;
  
                  // Use this one by default *only if jquery.tmpl is referenced*
                  var jqueryTmplTemplateEngineInstance = new ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine();
                  if (jqueryTmplTemplateEngineInstance.jQueryTmplVersion > 0)
                      ko.setTemplateEngine(jqueryTmplTemplateEngineInstance);
  
                  ko.exportSymbol('jqueryTmplTemplateEngine', ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine);
              })();
          }));
      }());
  })();