text: /******************************************************************************
  The MIT License(MIT)
  
  Embedded Template Library.
  https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl
  https://www.etlcpp.com
  
  Copyright(c) 2018 jwellbelove
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  of this software and associated documentation files(the "Software"), to deal
  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and / or sell
  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions :
  
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  
  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
  SOFTWARE.
  ******************************************************************************/
  
  #ifndef ETL_STATE_CHART_INCLUDED
  #define ETL_STATE_CHART_INCLUDED
  
  #include <stdint.h>
  
  #include "etl/platform.h"
  #include "etl/nullptr.h"
  #include "etl/array.h"
  #include "etl/array_view.h"
  
  namespace etl
  {
    //***************************************************************************
    /// Simple Finite State Machine Interface
    //***************************************************************************
    class istate_chart
    {
    public:
  
      typedef int state_id_t;
      typedef int event_id_t;
  
      virtual void start(const bool on_entry_initial = true) = 0;
      virtual void process_event(const event_id_t event_id) = 0;
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Gets the current state id.
      /// \return The current state id.
      //*************************************************************************
      state_id_t get_state_id() const
      {
        return current_state_id;
      }
  
      virtual ~istate_chart()
      {
      }
  
    protected:
  
      istate_chart(state_id_t current_state_id_)
        : current_state_id(current_state_id_)
      {
      }
  
      state_id_t current_state_id; ///< The current state id.
      state_id_t next_state_id;    ///< The next state id.
    };
  
    //***************************************************************************
    /// Simple Finite State Machine
    //***************************************************************************
    template <typename TObject>
    class state_chart : public istate_chart
    {
    public:
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Transition definition
      //*************************************************************************
      struct transition
      {
        transition(const state_id_t current_state_id_,
                   const event_id_t event_id_,
                   const state_id_t next_state_id_,
                   void (TObject::* const action_)() = nullptr,
                   bool (TObject::* const guard_)()  = nullptr)
          : from_any_state(false),
            current_state_id(current_state_id_),
            event_id(event_id_),
            next_state_id(next_state_id_),
            action(action_),
            guard(guard_)
        {
        }
  
        transition(const event_id_t event_id_,
                   const state_id_t next_state_id_,
                   void (TObject::* const action_)() = nullptr,
                   bool (TObject::* const guard_)()  = nullptr)
            : from_any_state(true),
              current_state_id(0),
              event_id(event_id_),
              next_state_id(next_state_id_),
              action(action_),
              guard(guard_)
        {
        }
  
        const bool       from_any_state;
        const state_id_t current_state_id;
        const event_id_t event_id;
        const state_id_t next_state_id;
        void (TObject::* const action)();
        bool (TObject::* const guard)();
      };
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// State definition
      //*************************************************************************
      struct state
      {
        state(const state_id_t state_id_,
              void (TObject::* const on_entry_)() = nullptr,
              void (TObject::* const on_exit_)()  = nullptr)
          : state_id(state_id_),
            on_entry(on_entry_),
            on_exit(on_exit_)
        {
        }
  
        state_id_t state_id;
        void (TObject::* const on_entry)();
        void (TObject::* const on_exit)();
      };
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Constructor.
      /// \param object_                 A reference to the implementation object.
      /// \param transition_table_begin_ The start of the table of transitions.
      /// \param transition_table_end_   The end of the table of transitions.
      /// \param state_id_               The initial state id.
      //*************************************************************************
      state_chart(TObject& object_,
                  const transition* transition_table_begin_,
                  const transition* transition_table_end_,
                  const state_id_t state_id_)
        : istate_chart(state_id_),
          object(object_),
          transition_table(transition_table_begin_, transition_table_end_),
          started(false)
      {
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Constructor.
      /// \param object_                 A reference to the implementation object.
      /// \param transition_table_begin_ The start of the table of transitions.
      /// \param transition_table_end_   The end of the table of transitions.
      /// \param state_table_begin_      The start of the state table.
      /// \param state_table_end_        The end of the state table.
      /// \param state_id_               The initial state id.
      //*************************************************************************
      state_chart(TObject& object_,
                  const transition* transition_table_begin_,
                  const transition* transition_table_end_,
                  const state* state_table_begin_,
                  const state* state_table_end_,
                  const state_id_t state_id_)
        : istate_chart(state_id_),
          object(object_),
          transition_table(transition_table_begin_, transition_table_end_),
          state_table(state_table_begin_, state_table_end_),
          started(false)
      {
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Sets the transition table.
      /// \param state_table_begin_ The start of the state table.
      /// \param state_table_end_   The end of the state table.
      //*************************************************************************
      void set_transition_table(const transition* transition_table_begin_,
                                const transition* transition_table_end_)
      {
        transition_table.assign(transition_table_begin_, transition_table_end_);
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Sets the state table.
      /// \param state_table_begin_ The start of the state table.
      /// \param state_table_end_   The end of the state table.
      //*************************************************************************
      void set_state_table(const state* state_table_begin_,
                           const state* state_table_end_)
      {
        state_table.assign(state_table_begin_, state_table_end_);
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Gets a reference to the implementation object.
      /// \return Reference to the implementation object.
      //*************************************************************************
      TObject& get_object()
      {
        return object;
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Gets a const reference to the implementation object.
      /// \return Const reference to the implementation object.
      //*************************************************************************
      const TObject& get_object() const
      {
        return object;
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Gets the current state id.
      /// \return The current state id.
      //*************************************************************************
      const state* find_state(state_id_t state_id)
      {
        if (state_table.empty())
        {
          return state_table.end();
        }
        else
        {
          return etl::find_if(state_table.begin(),
                                 state_table.end(),
                                 is_state(state_id));
        }
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      ///
      //*************************************************************************
      void start(const bool on_entry_initial = true)
      {
        if (!started)
        {
          if (on_entry_initial)
          {
            // See if we have a state item for the initial state.
            const state* s = find_state(current_state_id);
  
            // If the initial state has an 'on_entry' then call it.
            if ((s != state_table.end()) && (s->on_entry != nullptr))
            {
              (object.*(s->on_entry))();
            }
          }
  
          started = true;
        }
      }
  
      //*************************************************************************
      /// Processes the specified event.
      /// The state machine will action the <b>first</b> item in the transition table
      /// that satisfies the conditions for executing the action.
      /// \param event_id The id of the event to process.
      //*************************************************************************
      void process_event(const event_id_t event_id)
      {
        if (started)
        {
          const transition* t = transition_table.begin();
  
          // Keep looping until we execute a transition or reach the end of the table.
          while (t != transition_table.end())
          {
            // Scan the transition table from the latest position.
            t = etl::find_if(t,
                                transition_table.end(),
                                is_transition(event_id, current_state_id));
  
            // Found an entry?
            if (t != transition_table.end())
            {
              // Shall we execute the transition?
              if ((t->guard == nullptr) || ((object.*t->guard)()))
              {
                // Remember the next state.
                next_state_id = t->next_state_id;
  
                // Shall we execute the action?
                if (t->action != nullptr)
                {
                  (object.*t->action)();
                }
  
                // Changing state?
                if (current_state_id != next_state_id)
                {
                  const state* s;
  
                  // See if we have a state item for the current state.
                  s = find_state(current_state_id);
  
                  // If the current state has an 'on_exit' then call it.
                  if ((s != state_table.end()) && (s->on_exit != nullptr))
                  {
                    (object.*(s->on_exit))();
                  }
  
                  current_state_id = next_state_id;
  
                  // See if we have a state item for the next state.
                  s = find_state(next_state_id);
  
                  // If the new state has an 'on_entry' then call it.
                  if ((s != state_table.end()) && (s->on_entry != nullptr))
                  {
                    (object.*(s->on_entry))();
                  }
                }
  
                t = transition_table.end();
              }
              else
              {
                // Start the search from the next item in the table.
                ++t;
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
  
    private:
  
      //*************************************************************************
      struct is_transition
      {
        is_transition(event_id_t event_id_, state_id_t state_id_)
          : event_id(event_id_),
            state_id(state_id_)
        {
        }
  
        bool operator()(const transition& t) const
        {
          return (t.event_id == event_id) && (t.from_any_state || (t.current_state_id == state_id));
        }
  
        const event_id_t event_id;
        const state_id_t state_id;
      };
  
      //*************************************************************************
      struct is_state
      {
        is_state(state_id_t state_id_)
          : state_id(state_id_)
        {
        }
  
        bool operator()(const state& s) const
        {
          return (s.state_id == state_id);
        }
  
        const state_id_t state_id;
      };
  
      // Disabled
      state_chart(const state_chart&) ETL_DELETE;
      state_chart& operator =(const state_chart&) ETL_DELETE;
  
      TObject&                                object;           ///< The object that supplies guard and action member functions.
      const etl::array_view<const transition> transition_table; ///< The table of transitions.
      etl::array_view<const state>            state_table;      ///< The table of states.
      bool                                    started;          ///< Set if the state chart has been started.
    };
  }
  
  #endif
  