text: // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
  // Copyright (c) 2009-2012 The Bitcoin developers
  // Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Litecoin Developers
  // Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
  #ifndef BITCOIN_SERIALIZE_H
  #define BITCOIN_SERIALIZE_H
  
  #include <string>
  #include <vector>
  #include <map>
  #include <set>
  #include <cassert>
  #include <limits>
  #include <cstring>
  #include <cstdio>
  
  #include <boost/type_traits/is_fundamental.hpp>
  #include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
  #include <boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp>
  #include <boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp>
  
  #include "allocators.h"
  #include "version.h"
  
  typedef long long  int64;
  typedef unsigned long long  uint64;
  
  class CScript;
  class CDataStream;
  class CAutoFile;
  static const unsigned int MAX_SIZE = 0x02000000;
  
  // Used to bypass the rule against non-const reference to temporary
  // where it makes sense with wrappers such as CFlatData or CTxDB
  template<typename T>
  inline T& REF(const T& val)
  {
      return const_cast<T&>(val);
  }
  
  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  //
  // Templates for serializing to anything that looks like a stream,
  // i.e. anything that supports .read(char*, int) and .write(char*, int)
  //
  
  enum
  {
      // primary actions
      SER_NETWORK         = (1 << 0),
      SER_DISK            = (1 << 1),
      SER_GETHASH         = (1 << 2),
  
      // modifiers
      SER_SKIPSIG         = (1 << 16),
      SER_BLOCKHEADERONLY = (1 << 17),
  };
  
  #define IMPLEMENT_SERIALIZE(statements)    \
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(int nType, int nVersion) const  \
      {                                           \
          CSerActionGetSerializeSize ser_action;  \
          const bool fGetSize = true;             \
          const bool fWrite = false;              \
          const bool fRead = false;               \
          unsigned int nSerSize = 0;              \
          ser_streamplaceholder s;                \
          assert(fGetSize||fWrite||fRead); /* suppress warning */ \
          s.nType = nType;                        \
          s.nVersion = nVersion;                  \
          {statements}                            \
          return nSerSize;                        \
      }                                           \
      template<typename Stream>                   \
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int nType, int nVersion) const  \
      {                                           \
          CSerActionSerialize ser_action;         \
          const bool fGetSize = false;            \
          const bool fWrite = true;               \
          const bool fRead = false;               \
          unsigned int nSerSize = 0;              \
          assert(fGetSize||fWrite||fRead); /* suppress warning */ \
          {statements}                            \
      }                                           \
      template<typename Stream>                   \
      void Unserialize(Stream& s, int nType, int nVersion)  \
      {                                           \
          CSerActionUnserialize ser_action;       \
          const bool fGetSize = false;            \
          const bool fWrite = false;              \
          const bool fRead = true;                \
          unsigned int nSerSize = 0;              \
          assert(fGetSize||fWrite||fRead); /* suppress warning */ \
          {statements}                            \
      }
  
  #define READWRITE(obj)      (nSerSize += ::SerReadWrite(s, (obj), nType, nVersion, ser_action))
  
  
  
  
  
  
  //
  // Basic types
  //
  #define WRITEDATA(s, obj)   s.write((char*)&(obj), sizeof(obj))
  #define READDATA(s, obj)    s.read((char*)&(obj), sizeof(obj))
  
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(char a,           int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed char a,    int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned char a,  int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed short a,   int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned short a, int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed int a,     int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned int a,   int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed long a,    int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned long a,  int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(int64 a,          int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(uint64 a,         int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(float a,          int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(double a,         int, int=0) { return sizeof(a); }
  
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, char a,           int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed char a,    int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned char a,  int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed short a,   int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned short a, int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed int a,     int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned int a,   int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed long a,    int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned long a,  int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, int64 a,          int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, uint64 a,         int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, float a,          int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, double a,         int, int=0) { WRITEDATA(s, a); }
  
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, char& a,           int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed char& a,    int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned char& a,  int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed short& a,   int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned short& a, int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed int& a,     int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned int& a,   int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed long& a,    int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned long& a,  int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, int64& a,          int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, uint64& a,         int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, float& a,          int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, double& a,         int, int=0) { READDATA(s, a); }
  
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(bool a, int, int=0)                          { return sizeof(char); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Serialize(Stream& s, bool a, int, int=0)    { char f=a; WRITEDATA(s, f); }
  template<typename Stream> inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, bool& a, int, int=0) { char f; READDATA(s, f); a=f; }
  
  
  
  
  
  
  //
  // Compact size
  //  size <  253        -- 1 byte
  //  size <= USHRT_MAX  -- 3 bytes  (253 + 2 bytes)
  //  size <= UINT_MAX   -- 5 bytes  (254 + 4 bytes)
  //  size >  UINT_MAX   -- 9 bytes  (255 + 8 bytes)
  //
  inline unsigned int GetSizeOfCompactSize(uint64 nSize)
  {
      if (nSize < 253)             return sizeof(unsigned char);
      else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max()) return sizeof(unsigned char) + sizeof(unsigned short);
      else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())  return sizeof(unsigned char) + sizeof(unsigned int);
      else                         return sizeof(unsigned char) + sizeof(uint64);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream>
  void WriteCompactSize(Stream& os, uint64 nSize)
  {
      if (nSize < 253)
      {
          unsigned char chSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
      }
      else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max())
      {
          unsigned char chSize = 253;
          unsigned short xSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
          WRITEDATA(os, xSize);
      }
      else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())
      {
          unsigned char chSize = 254;
          unsigned int xSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
          WRITEDATA(os, xSize);
      }
      else
      {
          unsigned char chSize = 255;
          uint64 xSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
          WRITEDATA(os, xSize);
      }
      return;
  }
  
  template<typename Stream>
  uint64 ReadCompactSize(Stream& is)
  {
      unsigned char chSize;
      READDATA(is, chSize);
      uint64 nSizeRet = 0;
      if (chSize < 253)
      {
          nSizeRet = chSize;
      }
      else if (chSize == 253)
      {
          unsigned short xSize;
          READDATA(is, xSize);
          nSizeRet = xSize;
      }
      else if (chSize == 254)
      {
          unsigned int xSize;
          READDATA(is, xSize);
          nSizeRet = xSize;
      }
      else
      {
          uint64 xSize;
          READDATA(is, xSize);
          nSizeRet = xSize;
      }
      if (nSizeRet > (uint64)MAX_SIZE)
          throw std::ios_base::failure("ReadCompactSize() : size too large");
      return nSizeRet;
  }
  
  
  
  #define FLATDATA(obj)   REF(CFlatData((char*)&(obj), (char*)&(obj) + sizeof(obj)))
  
  /** Wrapper for serializing arrays and POD.
   * There's a clever template way to make arrays serialize normally, but MSVC6 doesn't support it.
   */
  class CFlatData
  {
  protected:
      char* pbegin;
      char* pend;
  public:
      CFlatData(void* pbeginIn, void* pendIn) : pbegin((char*)pbeginIn), pend((char*)pendIn) { }
      char* begin() { return pbegin; }
      const char* begin() const { return pbegin; }
      char* end() { return pend; }
      const char* end() const { return pend; }
  
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(int, int=0) const
      {
          return pend - pbegin;
      }
  
      template<typename Stream>
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int, int=0) const
      {
          s.write(pbegin, pend - pbegin);
      }
  
      template<typename Stream>
      void Unserialize(Stream& s, int, int=0)
      {
          s.read(pbegin, pend - pbegin);
      }
  };
  
  //
  // Forward declarations
  //
  
  // string
  template<typename C> unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int=0);
  template<typename Stream, typename C> void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int=0);
  template<typename Stream, typename C> void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int=0);
  
  // vector
  template<typename T, typename A> unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::true_type&);
  template<typename T, typename A> unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::false_type&);
  template<typename T, typename A> inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A> void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::true_type&);
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A> void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::false_type&);
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A> inline void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A> void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::true_type&);
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A> void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::false_type&);
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A> inline void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  // others derived from vector
  extern inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream> void Serialize(Stream& os, const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream> void Unserialize(Stream& is, CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  // pair
  template<typename K, typename T> unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T> void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T> void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  // 3 tuple
  template<typename T0, typename T1, typename T2> unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2> void Serialize(Stream& os, const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2> void Unserialize(Stream& is, boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  // 4 tuple
  template<typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3> unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2, T3>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3> void Serialize(Stream& os, const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2, T3>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3> void Unserialize(Stream& is, boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2, T3>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  // map
  template<typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A> unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A> void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A> void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  // set
  template<typename K, typename Pred, typename A> unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A> void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A> void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  
  
  
  
  //
  // If none of the specialized versions above matched, default to calling member function.
  // "int nType" is changed to "long nType" to keep from getting an ambiguous overload error.
  // The compiler will only cast int to long if none of the other templates matched.
  // Thanks to Boost serialization for this idea.
  //
  template<typename T>
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const T& a, long nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return a.GetSerializeSize((int)nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& os, const T& a, long nType, int nVersion)
  {
      a.Serialize(os, (int)nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& is, T& a, long nType, int nVersion)
  {
      a.Unserialize(is, (int)nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  //
  // string
  //
  template<typename C>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int)
  {
      return GetSizeOfCompactSize(str.size()) + str.size() * sizeof(str[0]);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename C>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, str.size());
      if (!str.empty())
          os.write((char*)&str[0], str.size() * sizeof(str[0]));
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename C>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      str.resize(nSize);
      if (nSize != 0)
          is.read((char*)&str[0], nSize * sizeof(str[0]));
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // vector
  //
  template<typename T, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::true_type&)
  {
      return (GetSizeOfCompactSize(v.size()) + v.size() * sizeof(T));
  }
  
  template<typename T, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::false_type&)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = GetSizeOfCompactSize(v.size());
      for (typename std::vector<T, A>::const_iterator vi = v.begin(); vi != v.end(); ++vi)
          nSize += GetSerializeSize((*vi), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template<typename T, typename A>
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return GetSerializeSize_impl(v, nType, nVersion, boost::is_fundamental<T>());
  }
  
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::true_type&)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, v.size());
      if (!v.empty())
          os.write((char*)&v[0], v.size() * sizeof(T));
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::false_type&)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, v.size());
      for (typename std::vector<T, A>::const_iterator vi = v.begin(); vi != v.end(); ++vi)
          ::Serialize(os, (*vi), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize_impl(os, v, nType, nVersion, boost::is_fundamental<T>());
  }
  
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::true_type&)
  {
      // Limit size per read so bogus size value won't cause out of memory
      v.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      unsigned int i = 0;
      while (i < nSize)
      {
          unsigned int blk = std::min(nSize - i, (unsigned int)(1 + 4999999 / sizeof(T)));
          v.resize(i + blk);
          is.read((char*)&v[i], blk * sizeof(T));
          i += blk;
      }
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const boost::false_type&)
  {
      v.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      unsigned int i = 0;
      unsigned int nMid = 0;
      while (nMid < nSize)
      {
          nMid += 5000000 / sizeof(T);
          if (nMid > nSize)
              nMid = nSize;
          v.resize(nMid);
          for (; i < nMid; i++)
              Unserialize(is, v[i], nType, nVersion);
      }
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize_impl(is, v, nType, nVersion, boost::is_fundamental<T>());
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // others derived from vector
  //
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return GetSerializeSize((const std::vector<unsigned char>&)v, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize(os, (const std::vector<unsigned char>&)v, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize(is, (std::vector<unsigned char>&)v, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // pair
  //
  template<typename K, typename T>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return GetSerializeSize(item.first, nType, nVersion) + GetSerializeSize(item.second, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize(os, item.first, nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, item.second, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize(is, item.first, nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, item.second, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // 3 tuple
  //
  template<typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = 0;
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<0>(item), nType, nVersion);
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<1>(item), nType, nVersion);
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<2>(item), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize(os, boost::get<0>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, boost::get<1>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, boost::get<2>(item), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<0>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<1>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<2>(item), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // 4 tuple
  //
  template<typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2, T3>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = 0;
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<0>(item), nType, nVersion);
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<1>(item), nType, nVersion);
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<2>(item), nType, nVersion);
      nSize += GetSerializeSize(boost::get<3>(item), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2, T3>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize(os, boost::get<0>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, boost::get<1>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, boost::get<2>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, boost::get<3>(item), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, boost::tuple<T0, T1, T2, T3>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<0>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<1>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<2>(item), nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, boost::get<3>(item), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // map
  //
  template<typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = GetSizeOfCompactSize(m.size());
      for (typename std::map<K, T, Pred, A>::const_iterator mi = m.begin(); mi != m.end(); ++mi)
          nSize += GetSerializeSize((*mi), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, m.size());
      for (typename std::map<K, T, Pred, A>::const_iterator mi = m.begin(); mi != m.end(); ++mi)
          Serialize(os, (*mi), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      m.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      typename std::map<K, T, Pred, A>::iterator mi = m.begin();
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nSize; i++)
      {
          std::pair<K, T> item;
          Unserialize(is, item, nType, nVersion);
          mi = m.insert(mi, item);
      }
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // set
  //
  template<typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = GetSizeOfCompactSize(m.size());
      for (typename std::set<K, Pred, A>::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
          nSize += GetSerializeSize((*it), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, m.size());
      for (typename std::set<K, Pred, A>::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
          Serialize(os, (*it), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      m.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      typename std::set<K, Pred, A>::iterator it = m.begin();
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nSize; i++)
      {
          K key;
          Unserialize(is, key, nType, nVersion);
          it = m.insert(it, key);
      }
  }
  
  
  
  //
  // Support for IMPLEMENT_SERIALIZE and READWRITE macro
  //
  class CSerActionGetSerializeSize { };
  class CSerActionSerialize { };
  class CSerActionUnserialize { };
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T>
  inline unsigned int SerReadWrite(Stream& s, const T& obj, int nType, int nVersion, CSerActionGetSerializeSize ser_action)
  {
      return ::GetSerializeSize(obj, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T>
  inline unsigned int SerReadWrite(Stream& s, const T& obj, int nType, int nVersion, CSerActionSerialize ser_action)
  {
      ::Serialize(s, obj, nType, nVersion);
      return 0;
  }
  
  template<typename Stream, typename T>
  inline unsigned int SerReadWrite(Stream& s, T& obj, int nType, int nVersion, CSerActionUnserialize ser_action)
  {
      ::Unserialize(s, obj, nType, nVersion);
      return 0;
  }
  
  struct ser_streamplaceholder
  {
      int nType;
      int nVersion;
  };
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  /** Double ended buffer combining vector and stream-like interfaces.
   *
   * >> and << read and write unformatted data using the above serialization templates.
   * Fills with data in linear time; some stringstream implementations take N^2 time.
   */
  class CDataStream
  {
  protected:
      typedef std::vector<char, zero_after_free_allocator<char> > vector_type;
      vector_type vch;
      unsigned int nReadPos;
      short state;
      short exceptmask;
  public:
      int nType;
      int nVersion;
  
      typedef vector_type::allocator_type   allocator_type;
      typedef vector_type::size_type        size_type;
      typedef vector_type::difference_type  difference_type;
      typedef vector_type::reference        reference;
      typedef vector_type::const_reference  const_reference;
      typedef vector_type::value_type       value_type;
      typedef vector_type::iterator         iterator;
      typedef vector_type::const_iterator   const_iterator;
      typedef vector_type::reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
  
      explicit CDataStream(int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn)
      {
          Init(nTypeIn, nVersionIn);
      }
  
      CDataStream(const_iterator pbegin, const_iterator pend, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn) : vch(pbegin, pend)
      {
          Init(nTypeIn, nVersionIn);
      }
  
  #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1300
      CDataStream(const char* pbegin, const char* pend, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn) : vch(pbegin, pend)
      {
          Init(nTypeIn, nVersionIn);
      }
  #endif
  
      CDataStream(const vector_type& vchIn, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn) : vch(vchIn.begin(), vchIn.end())
      {
          Init(nTypeIn, nVersionIn);
      }
  
      CDataStream(const std::vector<char>& vchIn, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn) : vch(vchIn.begin(), vchIn.end())
      {
          Init(nTypeIn, nVersionIn);
      }
  
      CDataStream(const std::vector<unsigned char>& vchIn, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn) : vch((char*)&vchIn.begin()[0], (char*)&vchIn.end()[0])
      {
          Init(nTypeIn, nVersionIn);
      }
  
      void Init(int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn)
      {
          nReadPos = 0;
          nType = nTypeIn;
          nVersion = nVersionIn;
          state = 0;
          exceptmask = std::ios::badbit | std::ios::failbit;
      }
  
      CDataStream& operator+=(const CDataStream& b)
      {
          vch.insert(vch.end(), b.begin(), b.end());
          return *this;
      }
  
      friend CDataStream operator+(const CDataStream& a, const CDataStream& b)
      {
          CDataStream ret = a;
          ret += b;
          return (ret);
      }
  
      std::string str() const
      {
          return (std::string(begin(), end()));
      }
  
  
      //
      // Vector subset
      //
      const_iterator begin() const                     { return vch.begin() + nReadPos; }
      iterator begin()                                 { return vch.begin() + nReadPos; }
      const_iterator end() const                       { return vch.end(); }
      iterator end()                                   { return vch.end(); }
      size_type size() const                           { return vch.size() - nReadPos; }
      bool empty() const                               { return vch.size() == nReadPos; }
      void resize(size_type n, value_type c=0)         { vch.resize(n + nReadPos, c); }
      void reserve(size_type n)                        { vch.reserve(n + nReadPos); }
      const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const  { return vch[pos + nReadPos]; }
      reference operator[](size_type pos)              { return vch[pos + nReadPos]; }
      void clear()                                     { vch.clear(); nReadPos = 0; }
      iterator insert(iterator it, const char& x=char()) { return vch.insert(it, x); }
      void insert(iterator it, size_type n, const char& x) { vch.insert(it, n, x); }
  
  
      void insert(iterator it, std::vector<char>::const_iterator first, std::vector<char>::const_iterator last)
      {
          assert(last - first >= 0);
          if (it == vch.begin() + nReadPos && (unsigned int)(last - first) <= nReadPos)
          {
              // special case for inserting at the front when there's room
              nReadPos -= (last - first);
              memcpy(&vch[nReadPos], &first[0], last - first);
          }
          else
              vch.insert(it, first, last);
      }
  
  #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1300
      void insert(iterator it, const char* first, const char* last)
      {
          assert(last - first >= 0);
          if (it == vch.begin() + nReadPos && (unsigned int)(last - first) <= nReadPos)
          {
              // special case for inserting at the front when there's room
              nReadPos -= (last - first);
              memcpy(&vch[nReadPos], &first[0], last - first);
          }
          else
              vch.insert(it, first, last);
      }
  #endif
  
      iterator erase(iterator it)
      {
          if (it == vch.begin() + nReadPos)
          {
              // special case for erasing from the front
              if (++nReadPos >= vch.size())
              {
                  // whenever we reach the end, we take the opportunity to clear the buffer
                  nReadPos = 0;
                  return vch.erase(vch.begin(), vch.end());
              }
              return vch.begin() + nReadPos;
          }
          else
              return vch.erase(it);
      }
  
      iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last)
      {
          if (first == vch.begin() + nReadPos)
          {
              // special case for erasing from the front
              if (last == vch.end())
              {
                  nReadPos = 0;
                  return vch.erase(vch.begin(), vch.end());
              }
              else
              {
                  nReadPos = (last - vch.begin());
                  return last;
              }
          }
          else
              return vch.erase(first, last);
      }
  
      inline void Compact()
      {
          vch.erase(vch.begin(), vch.begin() + nReadPos);
          nReadPos = 0;
      }
  
      bool Rewind(size_type n)
      {
          // Rewind by n characters if the buffer hasn't been compacted yet
          if (n > nReadPos)
              return false;
          nReadPos -= n;
          return true;
      }
  
  
      //
      // Stream subset
      //
      void setstate(short bits, const char* psz)
      {
          state |= bits;
          if (state & exceptmask)
              throw std::ios_base::failure(psz);
      }
  
      bool eof() const             { return size() == 0; }
      bool fail() const            { return state & (std::ios::badbit | std::ios::failbit); }
      bool good() const            { return !eof() && (state == 0); }
      void clear(short n)          { state = n; }  // name conflict with vector clear()
      short exceptions()           { return exceptmask; }
      short exceptions(short mask) { short prev = exceptmask; exceptmask = mask; setstate(0, "CDataStream"); return prev; }
      CDataStream* rdbuf()         { return this; }
      int in_avail()               { return size(); }
  
      void SetType(int n)          { nType = n; }
      int GetType()                { return nType; }
      void SetVersion(int n)       { nVersion = n; }
      int GetVersion()             { return nVersion; }
      void ReadVersion()           { *this >> nVersion; }
      void WriteVersion()          { *this << nVersion; }
  
      CDataStream& read(char* pch, int nSize)
      {
          // Read from the beginning of the buffer
          assert(nSize >= 0);
          unsigned int nReadPosNext = nReadPos + nSize;
          if (nReadPosNext >= vch.size())
          {
              if (nReadPosNext > vch.size())
              {
                  setstate(std::ios::failbit, "CDataStream::read() : end of data");
                  memset(pch, 0, nSize);
                  nSize = vch.size() - nReadPos;
              }
              memcpy(pch, &vch[nReadPos], nSize);
              nReadPos = 0;
              vch.clear();
              return (*this);
          }
          memcpy(pch, &vch[nReadPos], nSize);
          nReadPos = nReadPosNext;
          return (*this);
      }
  
      CDataStream& ignore(int nSize)
      {
          // Ignore from the beginning of the buffer
          assert(nSize >= 0);
          unsigned int nReadPosNext = nReadPos + nSize;
          if (nReadPosNext >= vch.size())
          {
              if (nReadPosNext > vch.size())
              {
                  setstate(std::ios::failbit, "CDataStream::ignore() : end of data");
                  nSize = vch.size() - nReadPos;
              }
              nReadPos = 0;
              vch.clear();
              return (*this);
          }
          nReadPos = nReadPosNext;
          return (*this);
      }
  
      CDataStream& write(const char* pch, int nSize)
      {
          // Write to the end of the buffer
          assert(nSize >= 0);
          vch.insert(vch.end(), pch, pch + nSize);
          return (*this);
      }
  
      template<typename Stream>
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int nType, int nVersion) const
      {
          // Special case: stream << stream concatenates like stream += stream
          if (!vch.empty())
              s.write((char*)&vch[0], vch.size() * sizeof(vch[0]));
      }
  
      template<typename T>
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const T& obj)
      {
          // Tells the size of the object if serialized to this stream
          return ::GetSerializeSize(obj, nType, nVersion);
      }
  
      template<typename T>
      CDataStream& operator<<(const T& obj)
      {
          // Serialize to this stream
          ::Serialize(*this, obj, nType, nVersion);
          return (*this);
      }
  
      template<typename T>
      CDataStream& operator>>(T& obj)
      {
          // Unserialize from this stream
          ::Unserialize(*this, obj, nType, nVersion);
          return (*this);
      }
  };
  
  #ifdef TESTCDATASTREAM
  // VC6sp6
  // CDataStream:
  // n=1000       0 seconds
  // n=2000       0 seconds
  // n=4000       0 seconds
  // n=8000       0 seconds
  // n=16000      0 seconds
  // n=32000      0 seconds
  // n=64000      1 seconds
  // n=128000     1 seconds
  // n=256000     2 seconds
  // n=512000     4 seconds
  // n=1024000    8 seconds
  // n=2048000    16 seconds
  // n=4096000    32 seconds
  // stringstream:
  // n=1000       1 seconds
  // n=2000       1 seconds
  // n=4000       13 seconds
  // n=8000       87 seconds
  // n=16000      400 seconds
  // n=32000      1660 seconds
  // n=64000      6749 seconds
  // n=128000     27241 seconds
  // n=256000     109804 seconds
  #include <iostream>
  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
      vector<unsigned char> vch(0xcc, 250);
      printf("CDataStream:\n");
      for (int n = 1000; n <= 4500000; n *= 2)
      {
          CDataStream ss;
          time_t nStart = time(NULL);
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              ss.write((char*)&vch[0], vch.size());
          printf("n=%-10d %d seconds\n", n, time(NULL) - nStart);
      }
      printf("stringstream:\n");
      for (int n = 1000; n <= 4500000; n *= 2)
      {
          stringstream ss;
          time_t nStart = time(NULL);
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              ss.write((char*)&vch[0], vch.size());
          printf("n=%-10d %d seconds\n", n, time(NULL) - nStart);
      }
  }
  #endif
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  /** RAII wrapper for FILE*.
   *
   * Will automatically close the file when it goes out of scope if not null.
   * If you're returning the file pointer, return file.release().
   * If you need to close the file early, use file.fclose() instead of fclose(file).
   */
  class CAutoFile
  {
  protected:
      FILE* file;
      short state;
      short exceptmask;
  public:
      int nType;
      int nVersion;
  
      CAutoFile(FILE* filenew, int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn)
      {
          file = filenew;
          nType = nTypeIn;
          nVersion = nVersionIn;
          state = 0;
          exceptmask = std::ios::badbit | std::ios::failbit;
      }
  
      ~CAutoFile()
      {
          fclose();
      }
  
      void fclose()
      {
          if (file != NULL && file != stdin && file != stdout && file != stderr)
              ::fclose(file);
          file = NULL;
      }
  
      FILE* release()             { FILE* ret = file; file = NULL; return ret; }
      operator FILE*()            { return file; }
      FILE* operator->()          { return file; }
      FILE& operator*()           { return *file; }
      FILE** operator&()          { return &file; }
      FILE* operator=(FILE* pnew) { return file = pnew; }
      bool operator!()            { return (file == NULL); }
  
  
      //
      // Stream subset
      //
      void setstate(short bits, const char* psz)
      {
          state |= bits;
          if (state & exceptmask)
              throw std::ios_base::failure(psz);
      }
  
      bool fail() const            { return state & (std::ios::badbit | std::ios::failbit); }
      bool good() const            { return state == 0; }
      void clear(short n = 0)      { state = n; }
      short exceptions()           { return exceptmask; }
      short exceptions(short mask) { short prev = exceptmask; exceptmask = mask; setstate(0, "CAutoFile"); return prev; }
  
      void SetType(int n)          { nType = n; }
      int GetType()                { return nType; }
      void SetVersion(int n)       { nVersion = n; }
      int GetVersion()             { return nVersion; }
      void ReadVersion()           { *this >> nVersion; }
      void WriteVersion()          { *this << nVersion; }
  
      CAutoFile& read(char* pch, size_t nSize)
      {
          if (!file)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("CAutoFile::read : file handle is NULL");
          if (fread(pch, 1, nSize, file) != nSize)
              setstate(std::ios::failbit, feof(file) ? "CAutoFile::read : end of file" : "CAutoFile::read : fread failed");
          return (*this);
      }
  
      CAutoFile& write(const char* pch, size_t nSize)
      {
          if (!file)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("CAutoFile::write : file handle is NULL");
          if (fwrite(pch, 1, nSize, file) != nSize)
              setstate(std::ios::failbit, "CAutoFile::write : write failed");
          return (*this);
      }
  
      template<typename T>
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const T& obj)
      {
          // Tells the size of the object if serialized to this stream
          return ::GetSerializeSize(obj, nType, nVersion);
      }
  
      template<typename T>
      CAutoFile& operator<<(const T& obj)
      {
          // Serialize to this stream
          if (!file)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("CAutoFile::operator<< : file handle is NULL");
          ::Serialize(*this, obj, nType, nVersion);
          return (*this);
      }
  
      template<typename T>
      CAutoFile& operator>>(T& obj)
      {
          // Unserialize from this stream
          if (!file)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("CAutoFile::operator>> : file handle is NULL");
          ::Unserialize(*this, obj, nType, nVersion);
          return (*this);
      }
  };
  
  #endif
  