text: /*
   * QEMU System Emulator
   *
   * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   *
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
   * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
   * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
   *
   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
   * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
   *
   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
   * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
   * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
   * THE SOFTWARE.
   */
  #include "config-host.h"
  #include "qemu-common.h"
  #include "monitor/monitor.h"
  #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
  #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  #include "qemu/timer.h"
  #include "sysemu/char.h"
  #include "hw/usb.h"
  #include "qmp-commands.h"
  #include "qapi/qmp-input-visitor.h"
  #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
  #include "qapi-visit.h"
  
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <time.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <sys/time.h>
  #include <zlib.h>
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  #include <sys/times.h>
  #include <sys/wait.h>
  #include <termios.h>
  #include <sys/mman.h>
  #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  #include <sys/resource.h>
  #include <sys/socket.h>
  #include <netinet/in.h>
  #include <net/if.h>
  #include <arpa/inet.h>
  #include <dirent.h>
  #include <netdb.h>
  #include <sys/select.h>
  #ifdef CONFIG_BSD
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
  #include <dev/ppbus/ppi.h>
  #include <dev/ppbus/ppbconf.h>
  #elif defined(__DragonFly__)
  #include <dev/misc/ppi/ppi.h>
  #include <bus/ppbus/ppbconf.h>
  #endif
  #else
  #ifdef __linux__
  #include <linux/ppdev.h>
  #include <linux/parport.h>
  #endif
  #ifdef __sun__
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <sys/ethernet.h>
  #include <sys/sockio.h>
  #include <netinet/arp.h>
  #include <netinet/in.h>
  #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  #include <netinet/ip.h>
  #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> // must come after ip.h
  #include <netinet/udp.h>
  #include <netinet/tcp.h>
  #endif
  #endif
  #endif
  
  #if defined(CONFIG_VERBOSE)
  #include "verbosity.h"
  #endif
  
  #include "qemu/sockets.h"
  #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
  
  #define READ_BUF_LEN 4096
  #define READ_RETRIES 10
  #define CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE 256
  #define TCP_MAX_FDS 16
  
  /***********************************************************/
  /* Socket address helpers */
  static void qapi_copy_SocketAddress(SocketAddress **p_dest,
                                      SocketAddress *src)
  {
      QmpOutputVisitor *qov;
      QmpInputVisitor *qiv;
      Visitor *ov, *iv;
      QObject *obj;
  
      *p_dest = NULL;
  
      qov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
      ov = qmp_output_get_visitor(qov);
      visit_type_SocketAddress(ov, &src, NULL, &error_abort);
      obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(qov);
      qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(qov);
      if (!obj) {
          return;
      }
  
      qiv = qmp_input_visitor_new(obj);
      iv = qmp_input_get_visitor(qiv);
      visit_type_SocketAddress(iv, p_dest, NULL, &error_abort);
      qmp_input_visitor_cleanup(qiv);
      qobject_decref(obj);
  }
  
  static int SocketAddress_to_str(char *dest, int max_len,
                                  const char *prefix, SocketAddress *addr,
                                  bool is_listen, bool is_telnet)
  {
      switch (addr->kind) {
      case SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_INET:
          return snprintf(dest, max_len, "%s%s:%s:%s%s", prefix,
                          is_telnet ? "telnet" : "tcp", addr->inet->host,
                          addr->inet->port, is_listen ? ",server" : "");
          break;
      case SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_UNIX:
          return snprintf(dest, max_len, "%sunix:%s%s", prefix,
                          addr->q_unix->path, is_listen ? ",server" : "");
          break;
      case SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_FD:
          return snprintf(dest, max_len, "%sfd:%s%s", prefix, addr->fd->str,
                          is_listen ? ",server" : "");
          break;
      default:
          abort();
      }
  }
  
  static int sockaddr_to_str(char *dest, int max_len,
                             struct sockaddr_storage *ss, socklen_t ss_len,
                             struct sockaddr_storage *ps, socklen_t ps_len,
                             bool is_listen, bool is_telnet)
  {
      char shost[NI_MAXHOST], sserv[NI_MAXSERV];
      char phost[NI_MAXHOST], pserv[NI_MAXSERV];
      const char *left = "", *right = "";
  
      switch (ss->ss_family) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
      case AF_UNIX:
          return snprintf(dest, max_len, "unix:%s%s",
                          ((struct sockaddr_un *)(ss))->sun_path,
                          is_listen ? ",server" : "");
  #endif
      case AF_INET6:
          left  = "[";
          right = "]";
          /* fall through */
      case AF_INET:
          getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) ss, ss_len, shost, sizeof(shost),
                      sserv, sizeof(sserv), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
          getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) ps, ps_len, phost, sizeof(phost),
                      pserv, sizeof(pserv), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
          return snprintf(dest, max_len, "%s:%s%s%s:%s%s <-> %s%s%s:%s",
                          is_telnet ? "telnet" : "tcp",
                          left, shost, right, sserv,
                          is_listen ? ",server" : "",
                          left, phost, right, pserv);
  
      default:
          return snprintf(dest, max_len, "unknown");
      }
  }
  
  /***********************************************************/
  /* character device */
  
  static QTAILQ_HEAD(CharDriverStateHead, CharDriverState) chardevs =
      QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(chardevs);
  
  CharDriverState *qemu_chr_alloc(void)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = g_malloc0(sizeof(CharDriverState));
      qemu_mutex_init(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      return chr;
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_be_event(CharDriverState *s, int event)
  {
      /* Keep track if the char device is open */
      switch (event) {
          case CHR_EVENT_OPENED:
              s->be_open = 1;
              break;
          case CHR_EVENT_CLOSED:
              s->be_open = 0;
              break;
      }
  
      if (!s->chr_event)
          return;
      s->chr_event(s->handler_opaque, event);
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_be_generic_open(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      qemu_chr_be_event(s, CHR_EVENT_OPENED);
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_write(CharDriverState *s, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      int ret;
  
      qemu_mutex_lock(&s->chr_write_lock);
      ret = s->chr_write(s, buf, len);
      qemu_mutex_unlock(&s->chr_write_lock);
      return ret;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_write_all(CharDriverState *s, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      int offset = 0;
      int res = 0;
  
      qemu_mutex_lock(&s->chr_write_lock);
      while (offset < len) {
          do {
              res = s->chr_write(s, buf + offset, len - offset);
              if (res == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) {
                  g_usleep(100);
              }
          } while (res == -1 && errno == EAGAIN);
  
          if (res <= 0) {
              break;
          }
  
          offset += res;
      }
      qemu_mutex_unlock(&s->chr_write_lock);
  
      if (res < 0) {
          return res;
      }
      return offset;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_read_all(CharDriverState *s, uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      int offset = 0, counter = 10;
      int res;
  
      if (!s->chr_sync_read) {
          return 0;
      }
  
      while (offset < len) {
          do {
              res = s->chr_sync_read(s, buf + offset, len - offset);
              if (res == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) {
                  g_usleep(100);
              }
          } while (res == -1 && errno == EAGAIN);
  
          if (res == 0) {
              break;
          }
  
          if (res < 0) {
              return res;
          }
  
          offset += res;
  
          if (!counter--) {
              break;
          }
      }
  
      return offset;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_ioctl(CharDriverState *s, int cmd, void *arg)
  {
      if (!s->chr_ioctl)
          return -ENOTSUP;
      return s->chr_ioctl(s, cmd, arg);
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_be_can_write(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      if (!s->chr_can_read)
          return 0;
      return s->chr_can_read(s->handler_opaque);
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_be_write(CharDriverState *s, uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      if (s->chr_read) {
          s->chr_read(s->handler_opaque, buf, len);
      }
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_get_msgfd(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      int fd;
      return (qemu_chr_fe_get_msgfds(s, &fd, 1) == 1) ? fd : -1;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_get_msgfds(CharDriverState *s, int *fds, int len)
  {
      return s->get_msgfds ? s->get_msgfds(s, fds, len) : -1;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_set_msgfds(CharDriverState *s, int *fds, int num)
  {
      return s->set_msgfds ? s->set_msgfds(s, fds, num) : -1;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_add_client(CharDriverState *s, int fd)
  {
      return s->chr_add_client ? s->chr_add_client(s, fd) : -1;
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_accept_input(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      if (s->chr_accept_input)
          s->chr_accept_input(s);
      qemu_notify_event();
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_fe_printf(CharDriverState *s, const char *fmt, ...)
  {
      char buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, fmt);
      vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
      qemu_chr_fe_write(s, (uint8_t *)buf, strlen(buf));
      va_end(ap);
  }
  
  static void remove_fd_in_watch(CharDriverState *chr);
  
  void qemu_chr_add_handlers(CharDriverState *s,
                             IOCanReadHandler *fd_can_read,
                             IOReadHandler *fd_read,
                             IOEventHandler *fd_event,
                             void *opaque)
  {
      int fe_open;
  
      if (!opaque && !fd_can_read && !fd_read && !fd_event) {
          fe_open = 0;
          remove_fd_in_watch(s);
      } else {
          fe_open = 1;
      }
      s->chr_can_read = fd_can_read;
      s->chr_read = fd_read;
      s->chr_event = fd_event;
      s->handler_opaque = opaque;
      if (fe_open && s->chr_update_read_handler)
          s->chr_update_read_handler(s);
  
      if (!s->explicit_fe_open) {
          qemu_chr_fe_set_open(s, fe_open);
      }
  
      /* We're connecting to an already opened device, so let's make sure we
         also get the open event */
      if (fe_open && s->be_open) {
          qemu_chr_be_generic_open(s);
      }
  }
  
  static int null_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      return len;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_null(void)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      chr->chr_write = null_chr_write;
      chr->explicit_be_open = true;
      return chr;
  }
  
  /* MUX driver for serial I/O splitting */
  #define MAX_MUX 4
  #define MUX_BUFFER_SIZE 32	/* Must be a power of 2.  */
  #define MUX_BUFFER_MASK (MUX_BUFFER_SIZE - 1)
  typedef struct {
      IOCanReadHandler *chr_can_read[MAX_MUX];
      IOReadHandler *chr_read[MAX_MUX];
      IOEventHandler *chr_event[MAX_MUX];
      void *ext_opaque[MAX_MUX];
      CharDriverState *drv;
      int focus;
      int mux_cnt;
      int term_got_escape;
      int max_size;
      /* Intermediate input buffer allows to catch escape sequences even if the
         currently active device is not accepting any input - but only until it
         is full as well. */
      unsigned char buffer[MAX_MUX][MUX_BUFFER_SIZE];
      int prod[MAX_MUX];
      int cons[MAX_MUX];
      int timestamps;
  
      /* Protected by the CharDriverState chr_write_lock.  */
      int linestart;
      int64_t timestamps_start;
  } MuxDriver;
  
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int mux_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int ret;
      if (!d->timestamps) {
          ret = qemu_chr_fe_write(d->drv, buf, len);
      } else {
          int i;
  
          ret = 0;
          for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
              if (d->linestart) {
                  char buf1[64];
                  int64_t ti;
                  int secs;
  
                  ti = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
                  if (d->timestamps_start == -1)
                      d->timestamps_start = ti;
                  ti -= d->timestamps_start;
                  secs = ti / 1000;
                  snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1),
                           "[%02d:%02d:%02d.%03d] ",
                           secs / 3600,
                           (secs / 60) % 60,
                           secs % 60,
                           (int)(ti % 1000));
                  qemu_chr_fe_write(d->drv, (uint8_t *)buf1, strlen(buf1));
                  d->linestart = 0;
              }
              ret += qemu_chr_fe_write(d->drv, buf+i, 1);
              if (buf[i] == '\n') {
                  d->linestart = 1;
              }
          }
      }
      return ret;
  }
  
  static const char * const mux_help[] = {
      "% h    print this help\n\r",
      "% x    exit emulator\n\r",
      "% s    save disk data back to file (if -snapshot)\n\r",
      "% t    toggle console timestamps\n\r",
      "% b    send break (magic sysrq)\n\r",
      "% c    switch between console and monitor\n\r",
      "% %  sends %\n\r",
      NULL
  };
  
  int term_escape_char = 0x01; /* ctrl-a is used for escape */
  static void mux_print_help(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      int i, j;
      char ebuf[15] = "Escape-Char";
      char cbuf[50] = "\n\r";
  
      if (term_escape_char > 0 && term_escape_char < 26) {
          snprintf(cbuf, sizeof(cbuf), "\n\r");
          snprintf(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf), "C-%c", term_escape_char - 1 + 'a');
      } else {
          snprintf(cbuf, sizeof(cbuf),
                   "\n\rEscape-Char set to Ascii: 0x%02x\n\r\n\r",
                   term_escape_char);
      }
      qemu_chr_fe_write(chr, (uint8_t *)cbuf, strlen(cbuf));
      for (i = 0; mux_help[i] != NULL; i++) {
          for (j=0; mux_help[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
              if (mux_help[i][j] == '%')
                  qemu_chr_fe_write(chr, (uint8_t *)ebuf, strlen(ebuf));
              else
                  qemu_chr_fe_write(chr, (uint8_t *)&mux_help[i][j], 1);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static void mux_chr_send_event(MuxDriver *d, int mux_nr, int event)
  {
      if (d->chr_event[mux_nr])
          d->chr_event[mux_nr](d->ext_opaque[mux_nr], event);
  }
  
  static int mux_proc_byte(CharDriverState *chr, MuxDriver *d, int ch)
  {
      if (d->term_got_escape) {
          d->term_got_escape = 0;
          if (ch == term_escape_char)
              goto send_char;
          switch(ch) {
          case '?':
          case 'h':
              mux_print_help(chr);
              break;
          case 'x':
              {
                   const char *term =  "QEMU: Terminated\n\r";
                   qemu_chr_fe_write(chr, (uint8_t *)term, strlen(term));
                   exit(0);
                   break;
              }
          case 's':
              bdrv_commit_all();
              break;
          case 'b':
              qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_BREAK);
              break;
          case 'c':
              /* Switch to the next registered device */
              mux_chr_send_event(d, d->focus, CHR_EVENT_MUX_OUT);
              d->focus++;
              if (d->focus >= d->mux_cnt)
                  d->focus = 0;
              mux_chr_send_event(d, d->focus, CHR_EVENT_MUX_IN);
              break;
          case 't':
              d->timestamps = !d->timestamps;
              d->timestamps_start = -1;
              d->linestart = 0;
              break;
          }
      } else if (ch == term_escape_char) {
          d->term_got_escape = 1;
      } else {
      send_char:
          return 1;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void mux_chr_accept_input(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int m = d->focus;
  
      while (d->prod[m] != d->cons[m] &&
             d->chr_can_read[m] &&
             d->chr_can_read[m](d->ext_opaque[m])) {
          d->chr_read[m](d->ext_opaque[m],
                         &d->buffer[m][d->cons[m]++ & MUX_BUFFER_MASK], 1);
      }
  }
  
  static int mux_chr_can_read(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int m = d->focus;
  
      if ((d->prod[m] - d->cons[m]) < MUX_BUFFER_SIZE)
          return 1;
      if (d->chr_can_read[m])
          return d->chr_can_read[m](d->ext_opaque[m]);
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void mux_chr_read(void *opaque, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int m = d->focus;
      int i;
  
      mux_chr_accept_input (opaque);
  
      for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
          if (mux_proc_byte(chr, d, buf[i])) {
              if (d->prod[m] == d->cons[m] &&
                  d->chr_can_read[m] &&
                  d->chr_can_read[m](d->ext_opaque[m]))
                  d->chr_read[m](d->ext_opaque[m], &buf[i], 1);
              else
                  d->buffer[m][d->prod[m]++ & MUX_BUFFER_MASK] = buf[i];
          }
  }
  
  static void mux_chr_event(void *opaque, int event)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int i;
  
      /* Send the event to all registered listeners */
      for (i = 0; i < d->mux_cnt; i++)
          mux_chr_send_event(d, i, event);
  }
  
  static void mux_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
  
      if (d->mux_cnt >= MAX_MUX) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Cannot add I/O handlers, MUX array is full\n");
          return;
      }
      d->ext_opaque[d->mux_cnt] = chr->handler_opaque;
      d->chr_can_read[d->mux_cnt] = chr->chr_can_read;
      d->chr_read[d->mux_cnt] = chr->chr_read;
      d->chr_event[d->mux_cnt] = chr->chr_event;
      /* Fix up the real driver with mux routines */
      if (d->mux_cnt == 0) {
          qemu_chr_add_handlers(d->drv, mux_chr_can_read, mux_chr_read,
                                mux_chr_event, chr);
      }
      if (d->focus != -1) {
          mux_chr_send_event(d, d->focus, CHR_EVENT_MUX_OUT);
      }
      d->focus = d->mux_cnt;
      d->mux_cnt++;
      mux_chr_send_event(d, d->focus, CHR_EVENT_MUX_IN);
  }
  
  static bool muxes_realized;
  
  /**
   * Called after processing of default and command-line-specified
   * chardevs to deliver CHR_EVENT_OPENED events to any FEs attached
   * to a mux chardev. This is done here to ensure that
   * output/prompts/banners are only displayed for the FE that has
   * focus when initial command-line processing/machine init is
   * completed.
   *
   * After this point, any new FE attached to any new or existing
   * mux will receive CHR_EVENT_OPENED notifications for the BE
   * immediately.
   */
  static void muxes_realize_done(Notifier *notifier, void *unused)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      QTAILQ_FOREACH(chr, &chardevs, next) {
          if (chr->is_mux) {
              MuxDriver *d = chr->opaque;
              int i;
  
              /* send OPENED to all already-attached FEs */
              for (i = 0; i < d->mux_cnt; i++) {
                  mux_chr_send_event(d, i, CHR_EVENT_OPENED);
              }
              /* mark mux as OPENED so any new FEs will immediately receive
               * OPENED event
               */
              qemu_chr_be_generic_open(chr);
          }
      }
      muxes_realized = true;
  }
  
  static Notifier muxes_realize_notify = {
      .notify = muxes_realize_done,
  };
  
  static GSource *mux_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *s, GIOCondition cond)
  {
      MuxDriver *d = s->opaque;
      return d->drv->chr_add_watch(d->drv, cond);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_mux(CharDriverState *drv)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      MuxDriver *d;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      d = g_malloc0(sizeof(MuxDriver));
  
      chr->opaque = d;
      d->drv = drv;
      d->focus = -1;
      chr->chr_write = mux_chr_write;
      chr->chr_update_read_handler = mux_chr_update_read_handler;
      chr->chr_accept_input = mux_chr_accept_input;
      /* Frontend guest-open / -close notification is not support with muxes */
      chr->chr_set_fe_open = NULL;
      if (drv->chr_add_watch) {
          chr->chr_add_watch = mux_chr_add_watch;
      }
      /* only default to opened state if we've realized the initial
       * set of muxes
       */
      chr->explicit_be_open = muxes_realized ? 0 : 1;
      chr->is_mux = 1;
  
      return chr;
  }
  
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  int send_all(int fd, const void *buf, int len1)
  {
      int ret, len;
  
      len = len1;
      while (len > 0) {
          ret = send(fd, buf, len, 0);
          if (ret < 0) {
              errno = WSAGetLastError();
              if (errno != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
                  return -1;
              }
          } else if (ret == 0) {
              break;
          } else {
              buf += ret;
              len -= ret;
          }
      }
      return len1 - len;
  }
  
  #else
  
  int send_all(int fd, const void *_buf, int len1)
  {
      int ret, len;
      const uint8_t *buf = _buf;
  
      len = len1;
      while (len > 0) {
          ret = write(fd, buf, len);
          if (ret < 0) {
              if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN)
                  return -1;
          } else if (ret == 0) {
              break;
          } else {
              buf += ret;
              len -= ret;
          }
      }
      return len1 - len;
  }
  
  int recv_all(int fd, void *_buf, int len1, bool single_read)
  {
      int ret, len;
      uint8_t *buf = _buf;
  
      len = len1;
      while ((len > 0) && (ret = read(fd, buf, len)) != 0) {
          if (ret < 0) {
              if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN) {
                  return -1;
              }
              continue;
          } else {
              if (single_read) {
                  return ret;
              }
              buf += ret;
              len -= ret;
          }
      }
      return len1 - len;
  }
  
  #endif /* !_WIN32 */
  
  typedef struct IOWatchPoll
  {
      GSource parent;
  
      GIOChannel *channel;
      GSource *src;
  
      IOCanReadHandler *fd_can_read;
      GSourceFunc fd_read;
      void *opaque;
  } IOWatchPoll;
  
  static IOWatchPoll *io_watch_poll_from_source(GSource *source)
  {
      return container_of(source, IOWatchPoll, parent);
  }
  
  static gboolean io_watch_poll_prepare(GSource *source, gint *timeout_)
  {
      IOWatchPoll *iwp = io_watch_poll_from_source(source);
      bool now_active = iwp->fd_can_read(iwp->opaque) > 0;
      bool was_active = iwp->src != NULL;
      if (was_active == now_active) {
          return FALSE;
      }
  
      if (now_active) {
          iwp->src = g_io_create_watch(iwp->channel, G_IO_IN | G_IO_ERR | G_IO_HUP);
          g_source_set_callback(iwp->src, iwp->fd_read, iwp->opaque, NULL);
          g_source_attach(iwp->src, NULL);
      } else {
          g_source_destroy(iwp->src);
          g_source_unref(iwp->src);
          iwp->src = NULL;
      }
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  static gboolean io_watch_poll_check(GSource *source)
  {
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  static gboolean io_watch_poll_dispatch(GSource *source, GSourceFunc callback,
                                         gpointer user_data)
  {
      abort();
  }
  
  static void io_watch_poll_finalize(GSource *source)
  {
      /* Due to a glib bug, removing the last reference to a source
       * inside a finalize callback causes recursive locking (and a
       * deadlock).  This is not a problem inside other callbacks,
       * including dispatch callbacks, so we call io_remove_watch_poll
       * to remove this source.  At this point, iwp->src must
       * be NULL, or we would leak it.
       *
       * This would be solved much more elegantly by child sources,
       * but we support older glib versions that do not have them.
       */
      IOWatchPoll *iwp = io_watch_poll_from_source(source);
      assert(iwp->src == NULL);
  }
  
  static GSourceFuncs io_watch_poll_funcs = {
      .prepare = io_watch_poll_prepare,
      .check = io_watch_poll_check,
      .dispatch = io_watch_poll_dispatch,
      .finalize = io_watch_poll_finalize,
  };
  
  /* Can only be used for read */
  static guint io_add_watch_poll(GIOChannel *channel,
                                 IOCanReadHandler *fd_can_read,
                                 GIOFunc fd_read,
                                 gpointer user_data)
  {
      IOWatchPoll *iwp;
      int tag;
  
      iwp = (IOWatchPoll *) g_source_new(&io_watch_poll_funcs, sizeof(IOWatchPoll));
      iwp->fd_can_read = fd_can_read;
      iwp->opaque = user_data;
      iwp->channel = channel;
      iwp->fd_read = (GSourceFunc) fd_read;
      iwp->src = NULL;
  
      tag = g_source_attach(&iwp->parent, NULL);
      g_source_unref(&iwp->parent);
      return tag;
  }
  
  static void io_remove_watch_poll(guint tag)
  {
      GSource *source;
      IOWatchPoll *iwp;
  
      g_return_if_fail (tag > 0);
  
      source = g_main_context_find_source_by_id(NULL, tag);
      g_return_if_fail (source != NULL);
  
      iwp = io_watch_poll_from_source(source);
      if (iwp->src) {
          g_source_destroy(iwp->src);
          g_source_unref(iwp->src);
          iwp->src = NULL;
      }
      g_source_destroy(&iwp->parent);
  }
  
  static void remove_fd_in_watch(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      if (chr->fd_in_tag) {
          io_remove_watch_poll(chr->fd_in_tag);
          chr->fd_in_tag = 0;
      }
  }
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static GIOChannel *io_channel_from_fd(int fd)
  {
      GIOChannel *chan;
  
      if (fd == -1) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      chan = g_io_channel_unix_new(fd);
  
      g_io_channel_set_encoding(chan, NULL, NULL);
      g_io_channel_set_buffered(chan, FALSE);
  
      return chan;
  }
  #endif
  
  static GIOChannel *io_channel_from_socket(int fd)
  {
      GIOChannel *chan;
  
      if (fd == -1) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
      chan = g_io_channel_win32_new_socket(fd);
  #else
      chan = g_io_channel_unix_new(fd);
  #endif
  
      g_io_channel_set_encoding(chan, NULL, NULL);
      g_io_channel_set_buffered(chan, FALSE);
  
      return chan;
  }
  
  static int io_channel_send(GIOChannel *fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
  {
      size_t offset = 0;
      GIOStatus status = G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL;
  
      while (offset < len && status == G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) {
          gsize bytes_written = 0;
  
          status = g_io_channel_write_chars(fd, buf + offset, len - offset,
                                            &bytes_written, NULL);
          offset += bytes_written;
      }
  
      if (offset > 0) {
          return offset;
      }
      switch (status) {
      case G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL:
          g_assert(len == 0);
          return 0;
      case G_IO_STATUS_AGAIN:
          errno = EAGAIN;
          return -1;
      default:
          break;
      }
      errno = EINVAL;
      return -1;
  }
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  
  typedef struct FDCharDriver {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      GIOChannel *fd_in, *fd_out;
      int max_size;
  } FDCharDriver;
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int fd_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      
      return io_channel_send(s->fd_out, buf, len);
  }
  
  static gboolean fd_chr_read(GIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int len;
      uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
      GIOStatus status;
      gsize bytes_read;
  
      len = sizeof(buf);
      if (len > s->max_size) {
          len = s->max_size;
      }
      if (len == 0) {
          return TRUE;
      }
  
      status = g_io_channel_read_chars(chan, (gchar *)buf,
                                       len, &bytes_read, NULL);
      if (status == G_IO_STATUS_EOF) {
          remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
          qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
          return FALSE;
      }
      if (status == G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) {
          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, bytes_read);
      }
  
      return TRUE;
  }
  
  static int fd_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
      return s->max_size;
  }
  
  static GSource *fd_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *chr, GIOCondition cond)
  {
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      return g_io_create_watch(s->fd_out, cond);
  }
  
  static void fd_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
      if (s->fd_in) {
          chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(s->fd_in, fd_chr_read_poll,
                                             fd_chr_read, chr);
      }
  }
  
  static void fd_chr_close(struct CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
      if (s->fd_in) {
          g_io_channel_unref(s->fd_in);
      }
      if (s->fd_out) {
          g_io_channel_unref(s->fd_out);
      }
  
      g_free(s);
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
  }
  
  /* open a character device to a unix fd */
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_fd(int fd_in, int fd_out)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      FDCharDriver *s;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(FDCharDriver));
      s->fd_in = io_channel_from_fd(fd_in);
      s->fd_out = io_channel_from_fd(fd_out);
      qemu_set_nonblock(fd_out);
      s->chr = chr;
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_add_watch = fd_chr_add_watch;
      chr->chr_write = fd_chr_write;
      chr->chr_update_read_handler = fd_chr_update_read_handler;
      chr->chr_close = fd_chr_close;
  
      return chr;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pipe(ChardevHostdev *opts)
  {
      int fd_in, fd_out;
      char filename_in[CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE];
      char filename_out[CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE];
      const char *filename = opts->device;
  
      if (filename == NULL) {
          fprintf(stderr, "chardev: pipe: no filename given\n");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      snprintf(filename_in, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE, "%s.in", filename);
      snprintf(filename_out, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE, "%s.out", filename);
      TFR(fd_in = qemu_open(filename_in, O_RDWR | O_BINARY));
      TFR(fd_out = qemu_open(filename_out, O_RDWR | O_BINARY));
      if (fd_in < 0 || fd_out < 0) {
  	if (fd_in >= 0)
  	    close(fd_in);
  	if (fd_out >= 0)
  	    close(fd_out);
          TFR(fd_in = fd_out = qemu_open(filename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY));
          if (fd_in < 0) {
              return NULL;
          }
      }
      return qemu_chr_open_fd(fd_in, fd_out);
  }
  
  /* init terminal so that we can grab keys */
  static struct termios oldtty;
  static int old_fd0_flags;
  static bool stdio_in_use;
  static bool stdio_allow_signal;
  static bool stdio_echo_state;
  
  static void qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(CharDriverState *chr, bool echo);
  
  static void term_exit(void)
  {
      tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
      fcntl(0, F_SETFL, old_fd0_flags);
  }
  
  static void term_stdio_handler(int sig)
  {
      /* restore echo after resume from suspend. */
      qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(NULL, stdio_echo_state);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio(CharDriverState *chr, bool echo)
  {
      struct termios tty;
  
      stdio_echo_state = echo;
      tty = oldtty;
      if (!echo) {
          tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
                            |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
          tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
          tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
          tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
          tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
          tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
          tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
      }
      if (!stdio_allow_signal)
          tty.c_lflag &= ~ISIG;
  
      tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_close_stdio(struct CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      term_exit();
      fd_chr_close(chr);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_stdio(ChardevStdio *opts)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      struct sigaction act;
  
      if (is_daemonized()) {
          error_report("cannot use stdio with -daemonize");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (stdio_in_use) {
          error_report("cannot use stdio by multiple character devices");
          exit(1);
      }
  
      stdio_in_use = true;
      old_fd0_flags = fcntl(0, F_GETFL);
      tcgetattr(0, &oldtty);
      qemu_set_nonblock(0);
      atexit(term_exit);
  
      memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
      act.sa_handler = term_stdio_handler;
      sigaction(SIGCONT, &act, NULL);
  
      chr = qemu_chr_open_fd(0, 1);
      chr->chr_close = qemu_chr_close_stdio;
      chr->chr_set_echo = qemu_chr_set_echo_stdio;
      if (opts->has_signal) {
          stdio_allow_signal = opts->signal;
      }
      qemu_chr_fe_set_echo(chr, false);
  
      return chr;
  }
  
  #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
      || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) \
      || defined(__GLIBC__)
  
  #define HAVE_CHARDEV_TTY 1
  
  typedef struct {
      GIOChannel *fd;
      int read_bytes;
  
      /* Protected by the CharDriverState chr_write_lock.  */
      int connected;
      guint timer_tag;
      guint open_tag;
  } PtyCharDriver;
  
  static void pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(CharDriverState *chr);
  static void pty_chr_state(CharDriverState *chr, int connected);
  
  static gboolean pty_chr_timer(gpointer opaque)
  {
      struct CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      s->timer_tag = 0;
      s->open_tag = 0;
      if (!s->connected) {
          /* Next poll ... */
          pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(chr);
      }
      qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static void pty_chr_rearm_timer(CharDriverState *chr, int ms)
  {
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (s->timer_tag) {
          g_source_remove(s->timer_tag);
          s->timer_tag = 0;
      }
  
      if (ms == 1000) {
          s->timer_tag = g_timeout_add_seconds(1, pty_chr_timer, chr);
      } else {
          s->timer_tag = g_timeout_add(ms, pty_chr_timer, chr);
      }
  }
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static void pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      GPollFD pfd;
  
      pfd.fd = g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd);
      pfd.events = G_IO_OUT;
      pfd.revents = 0;
      g_poll(&pfd, 1, 0);
      if (pfd.revents & G_IO_HUP) {
          pty_chr_state(chr, 0);
      } else {
          pty_chr_state(chr, 1);
      }
  }
  
  static void pty_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(chr);
      qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
  }
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int pty_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (!s->connected) {
          /* guest sends data, check for (re-)connect */
          pty_chr_update_read_handler_locked(chr);
          if (!s->connected) {
              return 0;
          }
      }
      return io_channel_send(s->fd, buf, len);
  }
  
  static GSource *pty_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *chr, GIOCondition cond)
  {
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      if (!s->connected) {
          return NULL;
      }
      return g_io_create_watch(s->fd, cond);
  }
  
  static int pty_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->read_bytes = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
      return s->read_bytes;
  }
  
  static gboolean pty_chr_read(GIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      gsize size, len;
      uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
      GIOStatus status;
  
      len = sizeof(buf);
      if (len > s->read_bytes)
          len = s->read_bytes;
      if (len == 0) {
          return TRUE;
      }
      status = g_io_channel_read_chars(s->fd, (gchar *)buf, len, &size, NULL);
      if (status != G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) {
          pty_chr_state(chr, 0);
          return FALSE;
      } else {
          pty_chr_state(chr, 1);
          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, size);
      }
      return TRUE;
  }
  
  static gboolean qemu_chr_be_generic_open_func(gpointer opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->open_tag = 0;
      qemu_chr_be_generic_open(chr);
      return FALSE;
  }
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static void pty_chr_state(CharDriverState *chr, int connected)
  {
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (!connected) {
          if (s->open_tag) {
              g_source_remove(s->open_tag);
              s->open_tag = 0;
          }
          remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
          s->connected = 0;
          /* (re-)connect poll interval for idle guests: once per second.
           * We check more frequently in case the guests sends data to
           * the virtual device linked to our pty. */
          pty_chr_rearm_timer(chr, 1000);
      } else {
          if (s->timer_tag) {
              g_source_remove(s->timer_tag);
              s->timer_tag = 0;
          }
          if (!s->connected) {
              g_assert(s->open_tag == 0);
              s->connected = 1;
              s->open_tag = g_idle_add(qemu_chr_be_generic_open_func, chr);
          }
          if (!chr->fd_in_tag) {
              chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(s->fd, pty_chr_read_poll,
                                                 pty_chr_read, chr);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static void pty_chr_close(struct CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      PtyCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int fd;
  
      qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      pty_chr_state(chr, 0);
      fd = g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd);
      g_io_channel_unref(s->fd);
      close(fd);
      if (s->timer_tag) {
          g_source_remove(s->timer_tag);
          s->timer_tag = 0;
      }
      qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      g_free(s);
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pty(const char *id,
                                            ChardevReturn *ret)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      PtyCharDriver *s;
      int master_fd, slave_fd;
      char pty_name[PATH_MAX];
  
      master_fd = qemu_openpty_raw(&slave_fd, pty_name);
      if (master_fd < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      close(slave_fd);
      qemu_set_nonblock(master_fd);
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
  
      chr->filename = g_strdup_printf("pty:%s", pty_name);
      ret->pty = g_strdup(pty_name);
      ret->has_pty = true;
  
      fprintf(stderr, "char device redirected to %s (label %s)\n",
              pty_name, id);
  
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(PtyCharDriver));
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_write = pty_chr_write;
      chr->chr_update_read_handler = pty_chr_update_read_handler;
      chr->chr_close = pty_chr_close;
      chr->chr_add_watch = pty_chr_add_watch;
      chr->explicit_be_open = true;
  
      s->fd = io_channel_from_fd(master_fd);
      s->timer_tag = 0;
  
      return chr;
  }
  
  static void tty_serial_init(int fd, int speed,
                              int parity, int data_bits, int stop_bits)
  {
      struct termios tty;
      speed_t spd;
  
  #if 0
      printf("tty_serial_init: speed=%d parity=%c data=%d stop=%d\n",
             speed, parity, data_bits, stop_bits);
  #endif
      tcgetattr (fd, &tty);
  
  #define check_speed(val) if (speed <= val) { spd = B##val; break; }
      speed = speed * 10 / 11;
      do {
          check_speed(50);
          check_speed(75);
          check_speed(110);
          check_speed(134);
          check_speed(150);
          check_speed(200);
          check_speed(300);
          check_speed(600);
          check_speed(1200);
          check_speed(1800);
          check_speed(2400);
          check_speed(4800);
          check_speed(9600);
          check_speed(19200);
          check_speed(38400);
          /* Non-Posix values follow. They may be unsupported on some systems. */
          check_speed(57600);
          check_speed(115200);
  #ifdef B230400
          check_speed(230400);
  #endif
  #ifdef B460800
          check_speed(460800);
  #endif
  #ifdef B500000
          check_speed(500000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B576000
          check_speed(576000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B921600
          check_speed(921600);
  #endif
  #ifdef B1000000
          check_speed(1000000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B1152000
          check_speed(1152000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B1500000
          check_speed(1500000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B2000000
          check_speed(2000000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B2500000
          check_speed(2500000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B3000000
          check_speed(3000000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B3500000
          check_speed(3500000);
  #endif
  #ifdef B4000000
          check_speed(4000000);
  #endif
          spd = B115200;
      } while (0);
  
      cfsetispeed(&tty, spd);
      cfsetospeed(&tty, spd);
  
      tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
                            |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
      tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
      tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN|ISIG);
      tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB|PARODD|CRTSCTS|CSTOPB);
      switch(data_bits) {
      default:
      case 8:
          tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
          break;
      case 7:
          tty.c_cflag |= CS7;
          break;
      case 6:
          tty.c_cflag |= CS6;
          break;
      case 5:
          tty.c_cflag |= CS5;
          break;
      }
      switch(parity) {
      default:
      case 'N':
          break;
      case 'E':
          tty.c_cflag |= PARENB;
          break;
      case 'O':
          tty.c_cflag |= PARENB | PARODD;
          break;
      }
      if (stop_bits == 2)
          tty.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;
  
      tcsetattr (fd, TCSANOW, &tty);
  }
  
  static int tty_serial_ioctl(CharDriverState *chr, int cmd, void *arg)
  {
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      switch(cmd) {
      case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_PARAMS:
          {
              QEMUSerialSetParams *ssp = arg;
              tty_serial_init(g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd_in),
                              ssp->speed, ssp->parity,
                              ssp->data_bits, ssp->stop_bits);
          }
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_BREAK:
          {
              int enable = *(int *)arg;
              if (enable) {
                  tcsendbreak(g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd_in), 1);
              }
          }
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_TIOCM:
          {
              int sarg = 0;
              int *targ = (int *)arg;
              ioctl(g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd_in), TIOCMGET, &sarg);
              *targ = 0;
              if (sarg & TIOCM_CTS)
                  *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_CTS;
              if (sarg & TIOCM_CAR)
                  *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_CAR;
              if (sarg & TIOCM_DSR)
                  *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_DSR;
              if (sarg & TIOCM_RI)
                  *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_RI;
              if (sarg & TIOCM_DTR)
                  *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_DTR;
              if (sarg & TIOCM_RTS)
                  *targ |= CHR_TIOCM_RTS;
          }
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TIOCM:
          {
              int sarg = *(int *)arg;
              int targ = 0;
              ioctl(g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd_in), TIOCMGET, &targ);
              targ &= ~(CHR_TIOCM_CTS | CHR_TIOCM_CAR | CHR_TIOCM_DSR
                       | CHR_TIOCM_RI | CHR_TIOCM_DTR | CHR_TIOCM_RTS);
              if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_CTS)
                  targ |= TIOCM_CTS;
              if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_CAR)
                  targ |= TIOCM_CAR;
              if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_DSR)
                  targ |= TIOCM_DSR;
              if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_RI)
                  targ |= TIOCM_RI;
              if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_DTR)
                  targ |= TIOCM_DTR;
              if (sarg & CHR_TIOCM_RTS)
                  targ |= TIOCM_RTS;
              ioctl(g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd_in), TIOCMSET, &targ);
          }
          break;
      default:
          return -ENOTSUP;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_close_tty(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      FDCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int fd = -1;
  
      if (s) {
          fd = g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(s->fd_in);
      }
  
      fd_chr_close(chr);
  
      if (fd >= 0) {
          close(fd);
      }
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_tty_fd(int fd)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      tty_serial_init(fd, 115200, 'N', 8, 1);
      chr = qemu_chr_open_fd(fd, fd);
      chr->chr_ioctl = tty_serial_ioctl;
      chr->chr_close = qemu_chr_close_tty;
      return chr;
  }
  #endif /* __linux__ || __sun__ */
  
  #if defined(__linux__)
  
  #define HAVE_CHARDEV_PARPORT 1
  
  typedef struct {
      int fd;
      int mode;
  } ParallelCharDriver;
  
  static int pp_hw_mode(ParallelCharDriver *s, uint16_t mode)
  {
      if (s->mode != mode) {
  	int m = mode;
          if (ioctl(s->fd, PPSETMODE, &m) < 0)
              return 0;
  	s->mode = mode;
      }
      return 1;
  }
  
  static int pp_ioctl(CharDriverState *chr, int cmd, void *arg)
  {
      ParallelCharDriver *drv = chr->opaque;
      int fd = drv->fd;
      uint8_t b;
  
      switch(cmd) {
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_DATA:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPRDATA, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_DATA:
          b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
          if (ioctl(fd, PPWDATA, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_CONTROL:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPRCONTROL, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
  	/* Linux gives only the lowest bits, and no way to know data
  	   direction! For better compatibility set the fixed upper
  	   bits. */
          *(uint8_t *)arg = b | 0xc0;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_CONTROL:
          b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
          if (ioctl(fd, PPWCONTROL, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_STATUS:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPRSTATUS, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_DATA_DIR:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPDATADIR, (int *)arg) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_READ_ADDR:
  	if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP|IEEE1284_ADDR)) {
  	    struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
  	    int n = read(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
  	    if (n != parg->count) {
  		return -EIO;
  	    }
  	}
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_READ:
  	if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP)) {
  	    struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
  	    int n = read(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
  	    if (n != parg->count) {
  		return -EIO;
  	    }
  	}
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_WRITE_ADDR:
  	if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP|IEEE1284_ADDR)) {
  	    struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
  	    int n = write(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
  	    if (n != parg->count) {
  		return -EIO;
  	    }
  	}
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_EPP_WRITE:
  	if (pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_EPP)) {
  	    struct ParallelIOArg *parg = arg;
  	    int n = write(fd, parg->buffer, parg->count);
  	    if (n != parg->count) {
  		return -EIO;
  	    }
  	}
          break;
      default:
          return -ENOTSUP;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void pp_close(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      ParallelCharDriver *drv = chr->opaque;
      int fd = drv->fd;
  
      pp_hw_mode(drv, IEEE1284_MODE_COMPAT);
      ioctl(fd, PPRELEASE);
      close(fd);
      g_free(drv);
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pp_fd(int fd)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      ParallelCharDriver *drv;
  
      if (ioctl(fd, PPCLAIM) < 0) {
          close(fd);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      drv = g_malloc0(sizeof(ParallelCharDriver));
      drv->fd = fd;
      drv->mode = IEEE1284_MODE_COMPAT;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      chr->chr_write = null_chr_write;
      chr->chr_ioctl = pp_ioctl;
      chr->chr_close = pp_close;
      chr->opaque = drv;
  
      return chr;
  }
  #endif /* __linux__ */
  
  #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
  
  #define HAVE_CHARDEV_PARPORT 1
  
  static int pp_ioctl(CharDriverState *chr, int cmd, void *arg)
  {
      int fd = (int)(intptr_t)chr->opaque;
      uint8_t b;
  
      switch(cmd) {
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_DATA:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPIGDATA, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_DATA:
          b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
          if (ioctl(fd, PPISDATA, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_CONTROL:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPIGCTRL, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_WRITE_CONTROL:
          b = *(uint8_t *)arg;
          if (ioctl(fd, PPISCTRL, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          break;
      case CHR_IOCTL_PP_READ_STATUS:
          if (ioctl(fd, PPIGSTATUS, &b) < 0)
              return -ENOTSUP;
          *(uint8_t *)arg = b;
          break;
      default:
          return -ENOTSUP;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pp_fd(int fd)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      chr->opaque = (void *)(intptr_t)fd;
      chr->chr_write = null_chr_write;
      chr->chr_ioctl = pp_ioctl;
      chr->explicit_be_open = true;
      return chr;
  }
  #endif
  
  #else /* _WIN32 */
  
  typedef struct {
      int max_size;
      HANDLE hcom, hrecv, hsend;
      OVERLAPPED orecv;
      BOOL fpipe;
      DWORD len;
  
      /* Protected by the CharDriverState chr_write_lock.  */
      OVERLAPPED osend;
  } WinCharState;
  
  typedef struct {
      HANDLE  hStdIn;
      HANDLE  hInputReadyEvent;
      HANDLE  hInputDoneEvent;
      HANDLE  hInputThread;
      uint8_t win_stdio_buf;
  } WinStdioCharState;
  
  #define NSENDBUF 2048
  #define NRECVBUF 2048
  #define MAXCONNECT 1
  #define NTIMEOUT 5000
  
  static int win_chr_poll(void *opaque);
  static int win_chr_pipe_poll(void *opaque);
  
  static void win_chr_close(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (s->hsend) {
          CloseHandle(s->hsend);
          s->hsend = NULL;
      }
      if (s->hrecv) {
          CloseHandle(s->hrecv);
          s->hrecv = NULL;
      }
      if (s->hcom) {
          CloseHandle(s->hcom);
          s->hcom = NULL;
      }
      if (s->fpipe)
          qemu_del_polling_cb(win_chr_pipe_poll, chr);
      else
          qemu_del_polling_cb(win_chr_poll, chr);
  
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
  }
  
  static int win_chr_init(CharDriverState *chr, const char *filename)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
      COMMCONFIG comcfg;
      COMMTIMEOUTS cto = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
      COMSTAT comstat;
      DWORD size;
      DWORD err;
  
      s->hsend = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
      if (!s->hsend) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed CreateEvent\n");
          goto fail;
      }
      s->hrecv = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
      if (!s->hrecv) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed CreateEvent\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      s->hcom = CreateFile(filename, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,
                        OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, 0);
      if (s->hcom == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed CreateFile (%lu)\n", GetLastError());
          s->hcom = NULL;
          goto fail;
      }
  
      if (!SetupComm(s->hcom, NRECVBUF, NSENDBUF)) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed SetupComm\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      ZeroMemory(&comcfg, sizeof(COMMCONFIG));
      size = sizeof(COMMCONFIG);
      GetDefaultCommConfig(filename, &comcfg, &size);
      comcfg.dcb.DCBlength = sizeof(DCB);
      CommConfigDialog(filename, NULL, &comcfg);
  
      if (!SetCommState(s->hcom, &comcfg.dcb)) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed SetCommState\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      if (!SetCommMask(s->hcom, EV_ERR)) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed SetCommMask\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      cto.ReadIntervalTimeout = MAXDWORD;
      if (!SetCommTimeouts(s->hcom, &cto)) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed SetCommTimeouts\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      if (!ClearCommError(s->hcom, &err, &comstat)) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed ClearCommError\n");
          goto fail;
      }
      qemu_add_polling_cb(win_chr_poll, chr);
      return 0;
  
   fail:
      win_chr_close(chr);
      return -1;
  }
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int win_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len1)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
      DWORD len, ret, size, err;
  
      len = len1;
      ZeroMemory(&s->osend, sizeof(s->osend));
      s->osend.hEvent = s->hsend;
      while (len > 0) {
          if (s->hsend)
              ret = WriteFile(s->hcom, buf, len, &size, &s->osend);
          else
              ret = WriteFile(s->hcom, buf, len, &size, NULL);
          if (!ret) {
              err = GetLastError();
              if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
                  ret = GetOverlappedResult(s->hcom, &s->osend, &size, TRUE);
                  if (ret) {
                      buf += size;
                      len -= size;
                  } else {
                      break;
                  }
              } else {
                  break;
              }
          } else {
              buf += size;
              len -= size;
          }
      }
      return len1 - len;
  }
  
  static int win_chr_read_poll(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
      return s->max_size;
  }
  
  static void win_chr_readfile(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
      int ret, err;
      uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
      DWORD size;
  
      ZeroMemory(&s->orecv, sizeof(s->orecv));
      s->orecv.hEvent = s->hrecv;
      ret = ReadFile(s->hcom, buf, s->len, &size, &s->orecv);
      if (!ret) {
          err = GetLastError();
          if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
              ret = GetOverlappedResult(s->hcom, &s->orecv, &size, TRUE);
          }
      }
  
      if (size > 0) {
          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, size);
      }
  }
  
  static void win_chr_read(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (s->len > s->max_size)
          s->len = s->max_size;
      if (s->len == 0)
          return;
  
      win_chr_readfile(chr);
  }
  
  static int win_chr_poll(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
      COMSTAT status;
      DWORD comerr;
  
      ClearCommError(s->hcom, &comerr, &status);
      if (status.cbInQue > 0) {
          s->len = status.cbInQue;
          win_chr_read_poll(chr);
          win_chr_read(chr);
          return 1;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_win_path(const char *filename)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      WinCharState *s;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(WinCharState));
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_write = win_chr_write;
      chr->chr_close = win_chr_close;
  
      if (win_chr_init(chr, filename) < 0) {
          g_free(s);
          g_free(chr);
          return NULL;
      }
      return chr;
  }
  
  static int win_chr_pipe_poll(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
      DWORD size;
  
      PeekNamedPipe(s->hcom, NULL, 0, NULL, &size, NULL);
      if (size > 0) {
          s->len = size;
          win_chr_read_poll(chr);
          win_chr_read(chr);
          return 1;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int win_chr_pipe_init(CharDriverState *chr, const char *filename)
  {
      WinCharState *s = chr->opaque;
      OVERLAPPED ov;
      int ret;
      DWORD size;
      char openname[CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE];
  
      s->fpipe = TRUE;
  
      s->hsend = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
      if (!s->hsend) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed CreateEvent\n");
          goto fail;
      }
      s->hrecv = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
      if (!s->hrecv) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed CreateEvent\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      snprintf(openname, sizeof(openname), "\\\\.\\pipe\\%s", filename);
      s->hcom = CreateNamedPipe(openname, PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
                                PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_READMODE_BYTE |
                                PIPE_WAIT,
                                MAXCONNECT, NSENDBUF, NRECVBUF, NTIMEOUT, NULL);
      if (s->hcom == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed CreateNamedPipe (%lu)\n", GetLastError());
          s->hcom = NULL;
          goto fail;
      }
  
      ZeroMemory(&ov, sizeof(ov));
      ov.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
      ret = ConnectNamedPipe(s->hcom, &ov);
      if (ret) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed ConnectNamedPipe\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      ret = GetOverlappedResult(s->hcom, &ov, &size, TRUE);
      if (!ret) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Failed GetOverlappedResult\n");
          if (ov.hEvent) {
              CloseHandle(ov.hEvent);
              ov.hEvent = NULL;
          }
          goto fail;
      }
  
      if (ov.hEvent) {
          CloseHandle(ov.hEvent);
          ov.hEvent = NULL;
      }
      qemu_add_polling_cb(win_chr_pipe_poll, chr);
      return 0;
  
   fail:
      win_chr_close(chr);
      return -1;
  }
  
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_pipe(ChardevHostdev *opts)
  {
      const char *filename = opts->device;
      CharDriverState *chr;
      WinCharState *s;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(WinCharState));
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_write = win_chr_write;
      chr->chr_close = win_chr_close;
  
      if (win_chr_pipe_init(chr, filename) < 0) {
          g_free(s);
          g_free(chr);
          return NULL;
      }
      return chr;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_win_file(HANDLE fd_out)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      WinCharState *s;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(WinCharState));
      s->hcom = fd_out;
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_write = win_chr_write;
      return chr;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_win_con(void)
  {
      return qemu_chr_open_win_file(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE));
  }
  
  static int win_stdio_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      HANDLE  hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
      DWORD   dwSize;
      int     len1;
  
      len1 = len;
  
      while (len1 > 0) {
          if (!WriteFile(hStdOut, buf, len1, &dwSize, NULL)) {
              break;
          }
          buf  += dwSize;
          len1 -= dwSize;
      }
  
      return len - len1;
  }
  
  static void win_stdio_wait_func(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState   *chr   = opaque;
      WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;
      INPUT_RECORD       buf[4];
      int                ret;
      DWORD              dwSize;
      int                i;
  
      ret = ReadConsoleInput(stdio->hStdIn, buf, ARRAY_SIZE(buf), &dwSize);
  
      if (!ret) {
          /* Avoid error storm */
          qemu_del_wait_object(stdio->hStdIn, NULL, NULL);
          return;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < dwSize; i++) {
          KEY_EVENT_RECORD *kev = &buf[i].Event.KeyEvent;
  
          if (buf[i].EventType == KEY_EVENT && kev->bKeyDown) {
              int j;
              if (kev->uChar.AsciiChar != 0) {
                  for (j = 0; j < kev->wRepeatCount; j++) {
                      if (qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr)) {
                          uint8_t c = kev->uChar.AsciiChar;
                          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &c, 1);
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  static DWORD WINAPI win_stdio_thread(LPVOID param)
  {
      CharDriverState   *chr   = param;
      WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;
      int                ret;
      DWORD              dwSize;
  
      while (1) {
  
          /* Wait for one byte */
          ret = ReadFile(stdio->hStdIn, &stdio->win_stdio_buf, 1, &dwSize, NULL);
  
          /* Exit in case of error, continue if nothing read */
          if (!ret) {
              break;
          }
          if (!dwSize) {
              continue;
          }
  
          /* Some terminal emulator returns \r\n for Enter, just pass \n */
          if (stdio->win_stdio_buf == '\r') {
              continue;
          }
  
          /* Signal the main thread and wait until the byte was eaten */
          if (!SetEvent(stdio->hInputReadyEvent)) {
              break;
          }
          if (WaitForSingleObject(stdio->hInputDoneEvent, INFINITE)
              != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
              break;
          }
      }
  
      qemu_del_wait_object(stdio->hInputReadyEvent, NULL, NULL);
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void win_stdio_thread_wait_func(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState   *chr   = opaque;
      WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;
  
      if (qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr)) {
          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &stdio->win_stdio_buf, 1);
      }
  
      SetEvent(stdio->hInputDoneEvent);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_set_echo_win_stdio(CharDriverState *chr, bool echo)
  {
      WinStdioCharState *stdio  = chr->opaque;
      DWORD              dwMode = 0;
  
      GetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, &dwMode);
  
      if (echo) {
          SetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, dwMode | ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);
      } else {
          SetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, dwMode & ~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);
      }
  }
  
  static void win_stdio_close(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      WinStdioCharState *stdio = chr->opaque;
  
      if (stdio->hInputReadyEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          CloseHandle(stdio->hInputReadyEvent);
      }
      if (stdio->hInputDoneEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          CloseHandle(stdio->hInputDoneEvent);
      }
      if (stdio->hInputThread != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          TerminateThread(stdio->hInputThread, 0);
      }
  
      g_free(chr->opaque);
      g_free(chr);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_stdio(ChardevStdio *opts)
  {
      CharDriverState   *chr;
      WinStdioCharState *stdio;
      DWORD              dwMode;
      int                is_console = 0;
  
      chr   = qemu_chr_alloc();
      stdio = g_malloc0(sizeof(WinStdioCharState));
  
      stdio->hStdIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
      if (stdio->hStdIn == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          fprintf(stderr, "cannot open stdio: invalid handle\n");
          exit(1);
      }
  
      is_console = GetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, &dwMode) != 0;
  
      chr->opaque    = stdio;
      chr->chr_write = win_stdio_write;
      chr->chr_close = win_stdio_close;
  
      if (is_console) {
          if (qemu_add_wait_object(stdio->hStdIn,
                                   win_stdio_wait_func, chr)) {
              fprintf(stderr, "qemu_add_wait_object: failed\n");
          }
      } else {
          DWORD   dwId;
              
          stdio->hInputReadyEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
          stdio->hInputDoneEvent  = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
          stdio->hInputThread     = CreateThread(NULL, 0, win_stdio_thread,
                                                 chr, 0, &dwId);
  
          if (stdio->hInputThread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
              || stdio->hInputReadyEvent == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
              || stdio->hInputDoneEvent == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
              fprintf(stderr, "cannot create stdio thread or event\n");
              exit(1);
          }
          if (qemu_add_wait_object(stdio->hInputReadyEvent,
                                   win_stdio_thread_wait_func, chr)) {
              fprintf(stderr, "qemu_add_wait_object: failed\n");
          }
      }
  
      dwMode |= ENABLE_LINE_INPUT;
  
      if (is_console) {
          /* set the terminal in raw mode */
          /* ENABLE_QUICK_EDIT_MODE | ENABLE_EXTENDED_FLAGS */
          dwMode |= ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT;
      }
  
      SetConsoleMode(stdio->hStdIn, dwMode);
  
      chr->chr_set_echo = qemu_chr_set_echo_win_stdio;
      qemu_chr_fe_set_echo(chr, false);
  
      return chr;
  }
  #endif /* !_WIN32 */
  
  
  /***********************************************************/
  /* UDP Net console */
  
  typedef struct {
      int fd;
      GIOChannel *chan;
      uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
      int bufcnt;
      int bufptr;
      int max_size;
  } NetCharDriver;
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int udp_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      gsize bytes_written;
      GIOStatus status;
  
      status = g_io_channel_write_chars(s->chan, (const gchar *)buf, len, &bytes_written, NULL);
      if (status == G_IO_STATUS_EOF) {
          return 0;
      } else if (status != G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) {
          return -1;
      }
  
      return bytes_written;
  }
  
  static int udp_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
  
      /* If there were any stray characters in the queue process them
       * first
       */
      while (s->max_size > 0 && s->bufptr < s->bufcnt) {
          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &s->buf[s->bufptr], 1);
          s->bufptr++;
          s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
      }
      return s->max_size;
  }
  
  static gboolean udp_chr_read(GIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      gsize bytes_read = 0;
      GIOStatus status;
  
      if (s->max_size == 0) {
          return TRUE;
      }
      status = g_io_channel_read_chars(s->chan, (gchar *)s->buf, sizeof(s->buf),
                                       &bytes_read, NULL);
      s->bufcnt = bytes_read;
      s->bufptr = s->bufcnt;
      if (status != G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) {
          remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
          return FALSE;
      }
  
      s->bufptr = 0;
      while (s->max_size > 0 && s->bufptr < s->bufcnt) {
          qemu_chr_be_write(chr, &s->buf[s->bufptr], 1);
          s->bufptr++;
          s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
      }
  
      return TRUE;
  }
  
  static void udp_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
      if (s->chan) {
          chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(s->chan, udp_chr_read_poll,
                                             udp_chr_read, chr);
      }
  }
  
  static void udp_chr_close(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      NetCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
      if (s->chan) {
          g_io_channel_unref(s->chan);
          closesocket(s->fd);
      }
      g_free(s);
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_udp_fd(int fd)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = NULL;
      NetCharDriver *s = NULL;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(NetCharDriver));
  
      s->fd = fd;
      s->chan = io_channel_from_socket(s->fd);
      s->bufcnt = 0;
      s->bufptr = 0;
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_write = udp_chr_write;
      chr->chr_update_read_handler = udp_chr_update_read_handler;
      chr->chr_close = udp_chr_close;
      /* be isn't opened until we get a connection */
      chr->explicit_be_open = true;
      return chr;
  }
  
  /***********************************************************/
  /* TCP Net console */
  
  typedef struct {
  
      GIOChannel *chan, *listen_chan;
      guint listen_tag;
      int fd, listen_fd;
      int connected;
      int max_size;
      int do_telnetopt;
      int do_nodelay;
      int is_unix;
      int *read_msgfds;
      int read_msgfds_num;
      int *write_msgfds;
      int write_msgfds_num;
  
      SocketAddress *addr;
      bool is_listen;
      bool is_telnet;
  
      guint reconnect_timer;
      int64_t reconnect_time;
      bool connect_err_reported;
  } TCPCharDriver;
  
  static gboolean socket_reconnect_timeout(gpointer opaque);
  
  static void qemu_chr_socket_restart_timer(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      assert(s->connected == 0);
      s->reconnect_timer = g_timeout_add_seconds(s->reconnect_time,
                                                 socket_reconnect_timeout, chr);
  }
  
  static void check_report_connect_error(CharDriverState *chr,
                                         Error *err)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (!s->connect_err_reported) {
          error_report("Unable to connect character device %s: %s",
                       chr->label, error_get_pretty(err));
          s->connect_err_reported = true;
      }
      qemu_chr_socket_restart_timer(chr);
  }
  
  static gboolean tcp_chr_accept(GIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque);
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static int unix_send_msgfds(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      struct msghdr msgh;
      struct iovec iov;
      int r;
  
      size_t fd_size = s->write_msgfds_num * sizeof(int);
      char control[CMSG_SPACE(fd_size)];
      struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
  
      memset(&msgh, 0, sizeof(msgh));
      memset(control, 0, sizeof(control));
  
      /* set the payload */
      iov.iov_base = (uint8_t *) buf;
      iov.iov_len = len;
  
      msgh.msg_iov = &iov;
      msgh.msg_iovlen = 1;
  
      msgh.msg_control = control;
      msgh.msg_controllen = sizeof(control);
  
      cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msgh);
  
      cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(fd_size);
      cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
      cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
      memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), s->write_msgfds, fd_size);
  
      do {
          r = sendmsg(s->fd, &msgh, 0);
      } while (r < 0 && errno == EINTR);
  
      /* free the written msgfds, no matter what */
      if (s->write_msgfds_num) {
          g_free(s->write_msgfds);
          s->write_msgfds = 0;
          s->write_msgfds_num = 0;
      }
  
      return r;
  }
  #endif
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int tcp_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      if (s->connected) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
          if (s->is_unix && s->write_msgfds_num) {
              return unix_send_msgfds(chr, buf, len);
          } else
  #endif
          {
              return io_channel_send(s->chan, buf, len);
          }
      } else {
          /* XXX: indicate an error ? */
          return len;
      }
  }
  
  static int tcp_chr_read_poll(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      if (!s->connected)
          return 0;
      s->max_size = qemu_chr_be_can_write(chr);
      return s->max_size;
  }
  
  #define IAC 255
  #define IAC_BREAK 243
  static void tcp_chr_process_IAC_bytes(CharDriverState *chr,
                                        TCPCharDriver *s,
                                        uint8_t *buf, int *size)
  {
      /* Handle any telnet client's basic IAC options to satisfy char by
       * char mode with no echo.  All IAC options will be removed from
       * the buf and the do_telnetopt variable will be used to track the
       * state of the width of the IAC information.
       *
       * IAC commands come in sets of 3 bytes with the exception of the
       * "IAC BREAK" command and the double IAC.
       */
  
      int i;
      int j = 0;
  
      for (i = 0; i < *size; i++) {
          if (s->do_telnetopt > 1) {
              if ((unsigned char)buf[i] == IAC && s->do_telnetopt == 2) {
                  /* Double IAC means send an IAC */
                  if (j != i)
                      buf[j] = buf[i];
                  j++;
                  s->do_telnetopt = 1;
              } else {
                  if ((unsigned char)buf[i] == IAC_BREAK && s->do_telnetopt == 2) {
                      /* Handle IAC break commands by sending a serial break */
                      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_BREAK);
                      s->do_telnetopt++;
                  }
                  s->do_telnetopt++;
              }
              if (s->do_telnetopt >= 4) {
                  s->do_telnetopt = 1;
              }
          } else {
              if ((unsigned char)buf[i] == IAC) {
                  s->do_telnetopt = 2;
              } else {
                  if (j != i)
                      buf[j] = buf[i];
                  j++;
              }
          }
      }
      *size = j;
  }
  
  static int tcp_get_msgfds(CharDriverState *chr, int *fds, int num)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int to_copy = (s->read_msgfds_num < num) ? s->read_msgfds_num : num;
  
      assert(num <= TCP_MAX_FDS);
  
      if (to_copy) {
          int i;
  
          memcpy(fds, s->read_msgfds, to_copy * sizeof(int));
  
          /* Close unused fds */
          for (i = to_copy; i < s->read_msgfds_num; i++) {
              close(s->read_msgfds[i]);
          }
  
          g_free(s->read_msgfds);
          s->read_msgfds = 0;
          s->read_msgfds_num = 0;
      }
  
      return to_copy;
  }
  
  static int tcp_set_msgfds(CharDriverState *chr, int *fds, int num)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      /* clear old pending fd array */
      if (s->write_msgfds) {
          g_free(s->write_msgfds);
      }
  
      if (num) {
          s->write_msgfds = g_malloc(num * sizeof(int));
          memcpy(s->write_msgfds, fds, num * sizeof(int));
      }
  
      s->write_msgfds_num = num;
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static void unix_process_msgfd(CharDriverState *chr, struct msghdr *msg)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
  
      for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(msg, cmsg)) {
          int fd_size, i;
  
          if (cmsg->cmsg_len < CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)) ||
              cmsg->cmsg_level != SOL_SOCKET ||
              cmsg->cmsg_type != SCM_RIGHTS) {
              continue;
          }
  
          fd_size = cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0);
  
          if (!fd_size) {
              continue;
          }
  
          /* close and clean read_msgfds */
          for (i = 0; i < s->read_msgfds_num; i++) {
              close(s->read_msgfds[i]);
          }
  
          if (s->read_msgfds_num) {
              g_free(s->read_msgfds);
          }
  
          s->read_msgfds_num = fd_size / sizeof(int);
          s->read_msgfds = g_malloc(fd_size);
          memcpy(s->read_msgfds, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), fd_size);
  
          for (i = 0; i < s->read_msgfds_num; i++) {
              int fd = s->read_msgfds[i];
              if (fd < 0) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              /* O_NONBLOCK is preserved across SCM_RIGHTS so reset it */
              qemu_set_block(fd);
  
      #ifndef MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
              qemu_set_cloexec(fd);
      #endif
          }
      }
  }
  
  static ssize_t tcp_chr_recv(CharDriverState *chr, char *buf, size_t len)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      struct msghdr msg = { NULL, };
      struct iovec iov[1];
      union {
          struct cmsghdr cmsg;
          char control[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * TCP_MAX_FDS)];
      } msg_control;
      int flags = 0;
      ssize_t ret;
  
      iov[0].iov_base = buf;
      iov[0].iov_len = len;
  
      msg.msg_iov = iov;
      msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
      msg.msg_control = &msg_control;
      msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(msg_control);
  
  #ifdef MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
      flags |= MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC;
  #endif
      ret = recvmsg(s->fd, &msg, flags);
      if (ret > 0 && s->is_unix) {
          unix_process_msgfd(chr, &msg);
      }
  
      return ret;
  }
  #else
  static ssize_t tcp_chr_recv(CharDriverState *chr, char *buf, size_t len)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      return qemu_recv(s->fd, buf, len, 0);
  }
  #endif
  
  static GSource *tcp_chr_add_watch(CharDriverState *chr, GIOCondition cond)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      return g_io_create_watch(s->chan, cond);
  }
  
  static void tcp_chr_disconnect(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->connected = 0;
      if (s->listen_chan) {
          s->listen_tag = g_io_add_watch(s->listen_chan, G_IO_IN,
                                         tcp_chr_accept, chr);
      }
      remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
      g_io_channel_unref(s->chan);
      s->chan = NULL;
      closesocket(s->fd);
      s->fd = -1;
      SocketAddress_to_str(chr->filename, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE,
                           "disconnected:", s->addr, s->is_listen, s->is_telnet);
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
      if (s->reconnect_time) {
          qemu_chr_socket_restart_timer(chr);
      }
  }
  
  static gboolean tcp_chr_read(GIOChannel *chan, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      uint8_t buf[READ_BUF_LEN];
      int len, size;
  
      if (cond & G_IO_HUP) {
          /* connection closed */
          tcp_chr_disconnect(chr);
          return TRUE;
      }
  
      if (!s->connected || s->max_size <= 0) {
          return TRUE;
      }
      len = sizeof(buf);
      if (len > s->max_size)
          len = s->max_size;
      size = tcp_chr_recv(chr, (void *)buf, len);
      if (size == 0) {
          /* connection closed */
          tcp_chr_disconnect(chr);
      } else if (size > 0) {
          if (s->do_telnetopt)
              tcp_chr_process_IAC_bytes(chr, s, buf, &size);
          if (size > 0)
              qemu_chr_be_write(chr, buf, size);
      }
  
      return TRUE;
  }
  
  static int tcp_chr_sync_read(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int size;
  
      if (!s->connected) {
          return 0;
      }
  
      size = tcp_chr_recv(chr, (void *) buf, len);
      if (size == 0) {
          /* connection closed */
          tcp_chr_disconnect(chr);
      }
  
      return size;
  }
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_eventfd(int eventfd)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = qemu_chr_open_fd(eventfd, eventfd);
  
      if (chr) {
          chr->avail_connections = 1;
      }
  
      return chr;
  }
  #endif
  
  static void tcp_chr_connect(void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      struct sockaddr_storage ss, ps;
      socklen_t ss_len = sizeof(ss), ps_len = sizeof(ps);
  
      memset(&ss, 0, ss_len);
      if (getsockname(s->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &ss, &ss_len) != 0) {
          snprintf(chr->filename, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE,
                   "Error in getsockname: %s\n", strerror(errno));
      } else if (getpeername(s->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &ps, &ps_len) != 0) {
          snprintf(chr->filename, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE,
                   "Error in getpeername: %s\n", strerror(errno));
      } else {
          sockaddr_to_str(chr->filename, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE,
                          &ss, ss_len, &ps, ps_len,
                          s->is_listen, s->is_telnet);
      }
  
      s->connected = 1;
      if (s->chan) {
          chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(s->chan, tcp_chr_read_poll,
                                             tcp_chr_read, chr);
      }
      qemu_chr_be_generic_open(chr);
  }
  
  static void tcp_chr_update_read_handler(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
      if (s->chan) {
          chr->fd_in_tag = io_add_watch_poll(s->chan, tcp_chr_read_poll,
                                             tcp_chr_read, chr);
      }
  }
  
  #define IACSET(x,a,b,c) x[0] = a; x[1] = b; x[2] = c;
  static void tcp_chr_telnet_init(int fd)
  {
      char buf[3];
      /* Send the telnet negotion to put telnet in binary, no echo, single char mode */
      IACSET(buf, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x01);  /* IAC WILL ECHO */
      send(fd, (char *)buf, 3, 0);
      IACSET(buf, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x03);  /* IAC WILL Suppress go ahead */
      send(fd, (char *)buf, 3, 0);
      IACSET(buf, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x00);  /* IAC WILL Binary */
      send(fd, (char *)buf, 3, 0);
      IACSET(buf, 0xff, 0xfd, 0x00);  /* IAC DO Binary */
      send(fd, (char *)buf, 3, 0);
  }
  
  static int tcp_chr_add_client(CharDriverState *chr, int fd)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      if (s->fd != -1)
  	return -1;
  
      qemu_set_nonblock(fd);
      if (s->do_nodelay)
          socket_set_nodelay(fd);
      s->fd = fd;
      s->chan = io_channel_from_socket(fd);
      if (s->listen_tag) {
          g_source_remove(s->listen_tag);
          s->listen_tag = 0;
      }
      tcp_chr_connect(chr);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static gboolean tcp_chr_accept(GIOChannel *channel, GIOCondition cond, void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  #if defined(CONFIG_GNU_ARM_ECLIPSE)
      struct sockaddr_in6 saddr;
  #else
      struct sockaddr_in saddr;
  #endif
  #ifndef _WIN32
      struct sockaddr_un uaddr;
  #endif
      struct sockaddr *addr;
      socklen_t len;
      int fd;
  
  #if defined(CONFIG_VERBOSE)
      char str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
  #endif /* defined(CONFIG_VERBOSE) */
  
      for(;;) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
  	if (s->is_unix) {
  	    len = sizeof(uaddr);
  	    addr = (struct sockaddr *)&uaddr;
  	} else
  #endif
  	{
  	    len = sizeof(saddr);
  	    addr = (struct sockaddr *)&saddr;
  	}
          fd = qemu_accept(s->listen_fd, addr, &len);
          if (fd < 0 && errno != EINTR) {
              s->listen_tag = 0;
              return FALSE;
          } else if (fd >= 0) {
              if (s->do_telnetopt)
                  tcp_chr_telnet_init(fd);
              break;
          }
      }
      
  #if defined(CONFIG_VERBOSE)
      if (verbosity_level >= VERBOSITY_COMMON) {
          str[0] = '\0';
          if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
              strcpy(str, inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_addr));
          } else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
  #if defined(__MINGW32__)
              strcpy(str, "ipv6 host");
  #else
              inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &saddr.sin6_addr, str, sizeof(str));
  #endif
          }
          
          if (strlen(str) > 0) {
              printf("... connection accepted from %s.\n\n", str);
          }
      }
  #endif
      
      if (tcp_chr_add_client(chr, fd) < 0)
  	close(fd);
  
      return TRUE;
  }
  
  static void tcp_chr_close(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int i;
  
      if (s->reconnect_timer) {
          g_source_remove(s->reconnect_timer);
          s->reconnect_timer = 0;
      }
      qapi_free_SocketAddress(s->addr);
      if (s->fd >= 0) {
          remove_fd_in_watch(chr);
          if (s->chan) {
              g_io_channel_unref(s->chan);
          }
          closesocket(s->fd);
      }
      if (s->listen_fd >= 0) {
          if (s->listen_tag) {
              g_source_remove(s->listen_tag);
              s->listen_tag = 0;
          }
          if (s->listen_chan) {
              g_io_channel_unref(s->listen_chan);
          }
          closesocket(s->listen_fd);
      }
      if (s->read_msgfds_num) {
          for (i = 0; i < s->read_msgfds_num; i++) {
              close(s->read_msgfds[i]);
          }
          g_free(s->read_msgfds);
      }
      if (s->write_msgfds_num) {
          g_free(s->write_msgfds);
      }
      g_free(s);
      qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_CLOSED);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_finish_socket_connection(CharDriverState *chr, int fd)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (s->is_listen) {
          s->listen_fd = fd;
          s->listen_chan = io_channel_from_socket(s->listen_fd);
          s->listen_tag = g_io_add_watch(s->listen_chan, G_IO_IN,
                                         tcp_chr_accept, chr);
      } else {
          s->connected = 1;
          s->fd = fd;
          socket_set_nodelay(fd);
          s->chan = io_channel_from_socket(s->fd);
          tcp_chr_connect(chr);
      }
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_socket_connected(int fd, Error *err, void *opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      if (fd < 0) {
          check_report_connect_error(chr, err);
          return;
      }
  
      s->connect_err_reported = false;
      qemu_chr_finish_socket_connection(chr, fd);
  }
  
  static bool qemu_chr_open_socket_fd(CharDriverState *chr, Error **errp)
  {
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
      int fd;
  
      if (s->is_listen) {
          fd = socket_listen(s->addr, errp);
      } else if (s->reconnect_time) {
          fd = socket_connect(s->addr, errp, qemu_chr_socket_connected, chr);
          return fd >= 0;
      } else {
          fd = socket_connect(s->addr, errp, NULL, NULL);
      }
      if (fd < 0) {
          return false;
      }
  
      qemu_chr_finish_socket_connection(chr, fd);
      return true;
  }
  
  /*********************************************************/
  /* Ring buffer chardev */
  
  typedef struct {
      size_t size;
      size_t prod;
      size_t cons;
      uint8_t *cbuf;
  } RingBufCharDriver;
  
  static size_t ringbuf_count(const CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      const RingBufCharDriver *d = chr->opaque;
  
      return d->prod - d->cons;
  }
  
  /* Called with chr_write_lock held.  */
  static int ringbuf_chr_write(CharDriverState *chr, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      RingBufCharDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int i;
  
      if (!buf || (len < 0)) {
          return -1;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
          d->cbuf[d->prod++ & (d->size - 1)] = buf[i];
          if (d->prod - d->cons > d->size) {
              d->cons = d->prod - d->size;
          }
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int ringbuf_chr_read(CharDriverState *chr, uint8_t *buf, int len)
  {
      RingBufCharDriver *d = chr->opaque;
      int i;
  
      qemu_mutex_lock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
      for (i = 0; i < len && d->cons != d->prod; i++) {
          buf[i] = d->cbuf[d->cons++ & (d->size - 1)];
      }
      qemu_mutex_unlock(&chr->chr_write_lock);
  
      return i;
  }
  
  static void ringbuf_chr_close(struct CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      RingBufCharDriver *d = chr->opaque;
  
      g_free(d->cbuf);
      g_free(d);
      chr->opaque = NULL;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qemu_chr_open_ringbuf(ChardevRingbuf *opts,
                                                Error **errp)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      RingBufCharDriver *d;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      d = g_malloc(sizeof(*d));
  
      d->size = opts->has_size ? opts->size : 65536;
  
      /* The size must be power of 2 */
      if (d->size & (d->size - 1)) {
          error_setg(errp, "size of ringbuf chardev must be power of two");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      d->prod = 0;
      d->cons = 0;
      d->cbuf = g_malloc0(d->size);
  
      chr->opaque = d;
      chr->chr_write = ringbuf_chr_write;
      chr->chr_close = ringbuf_chr_close;
  
      return chr;
  
  fail:
      g_free(d);
      g_free(chr);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  bool chr_is_ringbuf(const CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      return chr->chr_write == ringbuf_chr_write;
  }
  
  void qmp_ringbuf_write(const char *device, const char *data,
                         bool has_format, enum DataFormat format,
                         Error **errp)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      const uint8_t *write_data;
      int ret;
      gsize write_count;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_find(device);
      if (!chr) {
          error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", device);
          return;
      }
  
      if (!chr_is_ringbuf(chr)) {
          error_setg(errp,"%s is not a ringbuf device", device);
          return;
      }
  
      if (has_format && (format == DATA_FORMAT_BASE64)) {
          write_data = g_base64_decode(data, &write_count);
      } else {
          write_data = (uint8_t *)data;
          write_count = strlen(data);
      }
  
      ret = ringbuf_chr_write(chr, write_data, write_count);
  
      if (write_data != (uint8_t *)data) {
          g_free((void *)write_data);
      }
  
      if (ret < 0) {
          error_setg(errp, "Failed to write to device %s", device);
          return;
      }
  }
  
  char *qmp_ringbuf_read(const char *device, int64_t size,
                         bool has_format, enum DataFormat format,
                         Error **errp)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      uint8_t *read_data;
      size_t count;
      char *data;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_find(device);
      if (!chr) {
          error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' not found", device);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (!chr_is_ringbuf(chr)) {
          error_setg(errp,"%s is not a ringbuf device", device);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (size <= 0) {
          error_setg(errp, "size must be greater than zero");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      count = ringbuf_count(chr);
      size = size > count ? count : size;
      read_data = g_malloc(size + 1);
  
      ringbuf_chr_read(chr, read_data, size);
  
      if (has_format && (format == DATA_FORMAT_BASE64)) {
          data = g_base64_encode(read_data, size);
          g_free(read_data);
      } else {
          /*
           * FIXME should read only complete, valid UTF-8 characters up
           * to @size bytes.  Invalid sequences should be replaced by a
           * suitable replacement character.  Except when (and only
           * when) ring buffer lost characters since last read, initial
           * continuation characters should be dropped.
           */
          read_data[size] = 0;
          data = (char *)read_data;
      }
  
      return data;
  }
  
  QemuOpts *qemu_chr_parse_compat(const char *label, const char *filename)
  {
      char host[65], port[33], width[8], height[8];
      int pos;
      const char *p;
      QemuOpts *opts;
      Error *local_err = NULL;
  
      opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("chardev"), label, 1, &local_err);
      if (local_err) {
          error_report_err(local_err);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (strstart(filename, "mon:", &p)) {
          filename = p;
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "mux", "on", &error_abort);
          if (strcmp(filename, "stdio") == 0) {
              /* Monitor is muxed to stdio: do not exit on Ctrl+C by default
               * but pass it to the guest.  Handle this only for compat syntax,
               * for -chardev syntax we have special option for this.
               * This is what -nographic did, redirecting+muxing serial+monitor
               * to stdio causing Ctrl+C to be passed to guest. */
              qemu_opt_set(opts, "signal", "off", &error_abort);
          }
      }
  
      if (strcmp(filename, "null")    == 0 ||
          strcmp(filename, "pty")     == 0 ||
          strcmp(filename, "msmouse") == 0 ||
          strcmp(filename, "braille") == 0 ||
          strcmp(filename, "testdev") == 0 ||
          strcmp(filename, "stdio")   == 0) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", filename, &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "vc", &p)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "vc", &error_abort);
          if (*p == ':') {
              if (sscanf(p+1, "%7[0-9]x%7[0-9]", width, height) == 2) {
                  /* pixels */
                  qemu_opt_set(opts, "width", width, &error_abort);
                  qemu_opt_set(opts, "height", height, &error_abort);
              } else if (sscanf(p+1, "%7[0-9]Cx%7[0-9]C", width, height) == 2) {
                  /* chars */
                  qemu_opt_set(opts, "cols", width, &error_abort);
                  qemu_opt_set(opts, "rows", height, &error_abort);
              } else {
                  goto fail;
              }
          }
          return opts;
      }
      if (strcmp(filename, "con:") == 0) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "console", &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "COM", NULL)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "serial", &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "path", filename, &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "file:", &p)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "file", &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "path", p, &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "pipe:", &p)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "pipe", &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "path", p, &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "tcp:", &p) ||
          strstart(filename, "telnet:", &p)) {
          if (sscanf(p, "%64[^:]:%32[^,]%n", host, port, &pos) < 2) {
              host[0] = 0;
              if (sscanf(p, ":%32[^,]%n", port, &pos) < 1)
                  goto fail;
          }
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "socket", &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "host", host, &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "port", port, &error_abort);
          if (p[pos] == ',') {
              qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, p+pos+1, NULL, &local_err);
              if (local_err) {
                  error_report_err(local_err);
                  goto fail;
              }
          }
          if (strstart(filename, "telnet:", &p))
              qemu_opt_set(opts, "telnet", "on", &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "udp:", &p)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "udp", &error_abort);
          if (sscanf(p, "%64[^:]:%32[^@,]%n", host, port, &pos) < 2) {
              host[0] = 0;
              if (sscanf(p, ":%32[^@,]%n", port, &pos) < 1) {
                  goto fail;
              }
          }
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "host", host, &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "port", port, &error_abort);
          if (p[pos] == '@') {
              p += pos + 1;
              if (sscanf(p, "%64[^:]:%32[^,]%n", host, port, &pos) < 2) {
                  host[0] = 0;
                  if (sscanf(p, ":%32[^,]%n", port, &pos) < 1) {
                      goto fail;
                  }
              }
              qemu_opt_set(opts, "localaddr", host, &error_abort);
              qemu_opt_set(opts, "localport", port, &error_abort);
          }
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "unix:", &p)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "socket", &error_abort);
          qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, p, "path", &local_err);
          if (local_err) {
              error_report_err(local_err);
              goto fail;
          }
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "/dev/parport", NULL) ||
          strstart(filename, "/dev/ppi", NULL)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "parport", &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "path", filename, &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
      if (strstart(filename, "/dev/", NULL)) {
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "backend", "tty", &error_abort);
          qemu_opt_set(opts, "path", filename, &error_abort);
          return opts;
      }
  
  fail:
      qemu_opts_del(opts);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_file_out(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                      Error **errp)
  {
      const char *path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
  
      if (path == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: file: no filename given");
          return;
      }
      backend->file = g_new0(ChardevFile, 1);
      backend->file->out = g_strdup(path);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_stdio(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                   Error **errp)
  {
      backend->stdio = g_new0(ChardevStdio, 1);
      backend->stdio->has_signal = true;
      backend->stdio->signal = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "signal", true);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_serial(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                    Error **errp)
  {
      const char *device = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
  
      if (device == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: serial/tty: no device path given");
          return;
      }
      backend->serial = g_new0(ChardevHostdev, 1);
      backend->serial->device = g_strdup(device);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_parallel(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                      Error **errp)
  {
      const char *device = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
  
      if (device == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: parallel: no device path given");
          return;
      }
      backend->parallel = g_new0(ChardevHostdev, 1);
      backend->parallel->device = g_strdup(device);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_pipe(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                  Error **errp)
  {
      const char *device = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
  
      if (device == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: pipe: no device path given");
          return;
      }
      backend->pipe = g_new0(ChardevHostdev, 1);
      backend->pipe->device = g_strdup(device);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_ringbuf(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                     Error **errp)
  {
      int val;
  
      backend->ringbuf = g_new0(ChardevRingbuf, 1);
  
      val = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0);
      if (val != 0) {
          backend->ringbuf->has_size = true;
          backend->ringbuf->size = val;
      }
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_mux(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                 Error **errp)
  {
      const char *chardev = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chardev");
  
      if (chardev == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: mux: no chardev given");
          return;
      }
      backend->mux = g_new0(ChardevMux, 1);
      backend->mux->chardev = g_strdup(chardev);
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_socket(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                    Error **errp)
  {
      bool is_listen      = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "server", false);
      bool is_waitconnect = is_listen && qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "wait", true);
      bool is_telnet      = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "telnet", false);
      bool do_nodelay     = !qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "delay", true);
      int64_t reconnect   = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "reconnect", 0);
      const char *path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
      const char *host = qemu_opt_get(opts, "host");
      const char *port = qemu_opt_get(opts, "port");
      SocketAddress *addr;
  
      if (!path) {
          if (!host) {
              error_setg(errp, "chardev: socket: no host given");
              return;
          }
          if (!port) {
              error_setg(errp, "chardev: socket: no port given");
              return;
          }
      }
  
      backend->socket = g_new0(ChardevSocket, 1);
  
      backend->socket->has_nodelay = true;
      backend->socket->nodelay = do_nodelay;
      backend->socket->has_server = true;
      backend->socket->server = is_listen;
      backend->socket->has_telnet = true;
      backend->socket->telnet = is_telnet;
      backend->socket->has_wait = true;
      backend->socket->wait = is_waitconnect;
      backend->socket->has_reconnect = true;
      backend->socket->reconnect = reconnect;
  
      addr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
      if (path) {
          addr->kind = SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_UNIX;
          addr->q_unix = g_new0(UnixSocketAddress, 1);
          addr->q_unix->path = g_strdup(path);
      } else {
          addr->kind = SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_INET;
          addr->inet = g_new0(InetSocketAddress, 1);
          addr->inet->host = g_strdup(host);
          addr->inet->port = g_strdup(port);
          addr->inet->has_to = qemu_opt_get(opts, "to");
          addr->inet->to = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "to", 0);
          addr->inet->has_ipv4 = qemu_opt_get(opts, "ipv4");
          addr->inet->ipv4 = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "ipv4", 0);
          addr->inet->has_ipv6 = qemu_opt_get(opts, "ipv6");
          addr->inet->ipv6 = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "ipv6", 0);
      }
      backend->socket->addr = addr;
  }
  
  static void qemu_chr_parse_udp(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                 Error **errp)
  {
      const char *host = qemu_opt_get(opts, "host");
      const char *port = qemu_opt_get(opts, "port");
      const char *localaddr = qemu_opt_get(opts, "localaddr");
      const char *localport = qemu_opt_get(opts, "localport");
      bool has_local = false;
      SocketAddress *addr;
  
      if (host == NULL || strlen(host) == 0) {
          host = "localhost";
      }
      if (port == NULL || strlen(port) == 0) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: udp: remote port not specified");
          return;
      }
      if (localport == NULL || strlen(localport) == 0) {
          localport = "0";
      } else {
          has_local = true;
      }
      if (localaddr == NULL || strlen(localaddr) == 0) {
          localaddr = "";
      } else {
          has_local = true;
      }
  
      backend->udp = g_new0(ChardevUdp, 1);
  
      addr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
      addr->kind = SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_INET;
      addr->inet = g_new0(InetSocketAddress, 1);
      addr->inet->host = g_strdup(host);
      addr->inet->port = g_strdup(port);
      addr->inet->has_ipv4 = qemu_opt_get(opts, "ipv4");
      addr->inet->ipv4 = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "ipv4", 0);
      addr->inet->has_ipv6 = qemu_opt_get(opts, "ipv6");
      addr->inet->ipv6 = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "ipv6", 0);
      backend->udp->remote = addr;
  
      if (has_local) {
          backend->udp->has_local = true;
          addr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
          addr->kind = SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_INET;
          addr->inet = g_new0(InetSocketAddress, 1);
          addr->inet->host = g_strdup(localaddr);
          addr->inet->port = g_strdup(localport);
          backend->udp->local = addr;
      }
  }
  
  typedef struct CharDriver {
      const char *name;
      ChardevBackendKind kind;
      void (*parse)(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend, Error **errp);
  } CharDriver;
  
  static GSList *backends;
  
  void register_char_driver(const char *name, ChardevBackendKind kind,
          void (*parse)(QemuOpts *opts, ChardevBackend *backend, Error **errp))
  {
      CharDriver *s;
  
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(*s));
      s->name = g_strdup(name);
      s->kind = kind;
      s->parse = parse;
  
      backends = g_slist_append(backends, s);
  }
  
  CharDriverState *qemu_chr_new_from_opts(QemuOpts *opts,
                                      void (*init)(struct CharDriverState *s),
                                      Error **errp)
  {
      Error *local_err = NULL;
      CharDriver *cd;
      CharDriverState *chr;
      GSList *i;
      ChardevReturn *ret = NULL;
      ChardevBackend *backend;
      const char *id = qemu_opts_id(opts);
      char *bid = NULL;
  
      if (id == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: no id specified");
          goto err;
      }
  
      if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "backend") == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: \"%s\" missing backend",
                     qemu_opts_id(opts));
          goto err;
      }
      for (i = backends; i; i = i->next) {
          cd = i->data;
  
          if (strcmp(cd->name, qemu_opt_get(opts, "backend")) == 0) {
              break;
          }
      }
      if (i == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "chardev: backend \"%s\" not found",
                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "backend"));
          goto err;
      }
  
      backend = g_new0(ChardevBackend, 1);
  
      if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mux", 0)) {
          bid = g_strdup_printf("%s-base", id);
      }
  
      chr = NULL;
      backend->kind = cd->kind;
      if (cd->parse) {
          cd->parse(opts, backend, &local_err);
          if (local_err) {
              error_propagate(errp, local_err);
              goto qapi_out;
          }
      }
      ret = qmp_chardev_add(bid ? bid : id, backend, errp);
      if (!ret) {
          goto qapi_out;
      }
  
      if (bid) {
          qapi_free_ChardevBackend(backend);
          qapi_free_ChardevReturn(ret);
          backend = g_new0(ChardevBackend, 1);
          backend->mux = g_new0(ChardevMux, 1);
          backend->kind = CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MUX;
          backend->mux->chardev = g_strdup(bid);
          ret = qmp_chardev_add(id, backend, errp);
          if (!ret) {
              chr = qemu_chr_find(bid);
              qemu_chr_delete(chr);
              chr = NULL;
              goto qapi_out;
          }
      }
  
      chr = qemu_chr_find(id);
      chr->opts = opts;
  
  qapi_out:
      qapi_free_ChardevBackend(backend);
      qapi_free_ChardevReturn(ret);
      g_free(bid);
      return chr;
  
  err:
      qemu_opts_del(opts);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  CharDriverState *qemu_chr_new(const char *label, const char *filename, void (*init)(struct CharDriverState *s))
  {
      const char *p;
      CharDriverState *chr;
      QemuOpts *opts;
      Error *err = NULL;
  
      if (strstart(filename, "chardev:", &p)) {
          return qemu_chr_find(p);
      }
  
      opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, filename);
      if (!opts)
          return NULL;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, init, &err);
      if (err) {
          error_report_err(err);
      }
      if (chr && qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mux", 0)) {
          qemu_chr_fe_claim_no_fail(chr);
          monitor_init(chr, MONITOR_USE_READLINE);
      }
      return chr;
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_fe_set_echo(struct CharDriverState *chr, bool echo)
  {
      if (chr->chr_set_echo) {
          chr->chr_set_echo(chr, echo);
      }
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_fe_set_open(struct CharDriverState *chr, int fe_open)
  {
      if (chr->fe_open == fe_open) {
          return;
      }
      chr->fe_open = fe_open;
      if (chr->chr_set_fe_open) {
          chr->chr_set_fe_open(chr, fe_open);
      }
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_fe_event(struct CharDriverState *chr, int event)
  {
      if (chr->chr_fe_event) {
          chr->chr_fe_event(chr, event);
      }
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_add_watch(CharDriverState *s, GIOCondition cond,
                            GIOFunc func, void *user_data)
  {
      GSource *src;
      guint tag;
  
      if (s->chr_add_watch == NULL) {
          return -ENOSYS;
      }
  
      src = s->chr_add_watch(s, cond);
      if (!src) {
          return -EINVAL;
      }
  
      g_source_set_callback(src, (GSourceFunc)func, user_data, NULL);
      tag = g_source_attach(src, NULL);
      g_source_unref(src);
  
      return tag;
  }
  
  int qemu_chr_fe_claim(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      if (s->avail_connections < 1) {
          return -1;
      }
      s->avail_connections--;
      return 0;
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_fe_claim_no_fail(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      if (qemu_chr_fe_claim(s) != 0) {
          fprintf(stderr, "%s: error chardev \"%s\" already used\n",
                  __func__, s->label);
          exit(1);
      }
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_fe_release(CharDriverState *s)
  {
      s->avail_connections++;
  }
  
  void qemu_chr_delete(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      QTAILQ_REMOVE(&chardevs, chr, next);
      if (chr->chr_close) {
          chr->chr_close(chr);
      }
      g_free(chr->filename);
      g_free(chr->label);
      qemu_opts_del(chr->opts);
      g_free(chr);
  }
  
  ChardevInfoList *qmp_query_chardev(Error **errp)
  {
      ChardevInfoList *chr_list = NULL;
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      QTAILQ_FOREACH(chr, &chardevs, next) {
          ChardevInfoList *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
          info->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info->value));
          info->value->label = g_strdup(chr->label);
          info->value->filename = g_strdup(chr->filename);
          info->value->frontend_open = chr->fe_open;
  
          info->next = chr_list;
          chr_list = info;
      }
  
      return chr_list;
  }
  
  ChardevBackendInfoList *qmp_query_chardev_backends(Error **errp)
  {
      ChardevBackendInfoList *backend_list = NULL;
      CharDriver *c = NULL;
      GSList *i = NULL;
  
      for (i = backends; i; i = i->next) {
          ChardevBackendInfoList *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
          c = i->data;
          info->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info->value));
          info->value->name = g_strdup(c->name);
  
          info->next = backend_list;
          backend_list = info;
      }
  
      return backend_list;
  }
  
  CharDriverState *qemu_chr_find(const char *name)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      QTAILQ_FOREACH(chr, &chardevs, next) {
          if (strcmp(chr->label, name) != 0)
              continue;
          return chr;
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  /* Get a character (serial) device interface.  */
  CharDriverState *qemu_char_get_next_serial(void)
  {
      static int next_serial;
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      /* FIXME: This function needs to go away: use chardev properties!  */
  
      while (next_serial < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS && serial_hds[next_serial]) {
          chr = serial_hds[next_serial++];
          qemu_chr_fe_claim_no_fail(chr);
          return chr;
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  QemuOptsList qemu_chardev_opts = {
      .name = "chardev",
      .implied_opt_name = "backend",
      .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_chardev_opts.head),
      .desc = {
          {
              .name = "backend",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "path",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "host",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "port",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "localaddr",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "localport",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "to",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "ipv4",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "ipv6",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "wait",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "server",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "delay",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "reconnect",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "telnet",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "width",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "height",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "cols",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "rows",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "mux",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "signal",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
          },{
              .name = "name",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },{
              .name = "debug",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
          },{
              .name = "size",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
          },{
              .name = "chardev",
              .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
          },
          { /* end of list */ }
      },
  };
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_file(ChardevFile *file, Error **errp)
  {
      HANDLE out;
  
      if (file->has_in) {
          error_setg(errp, "input file not supported");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      out = CreateFile(file->out, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL,
                       OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
      if (out == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
          error_setg(errp, "open %s failed", file->out);
          return NULL;
      }
      return qemu_chr_open_win_file(out);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_serial(ChardevHostdev *serial,
                                                  Error **errp)
  {
      return qemu_chr_open_win_path(serial->device);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_parallel(ChardevHostdev *parallel,
                                                    Error **errp)
  {
      error_setg(errp, "character device backend type 'parallel' not supported");
      return NULL;
  }
  
  #else /* WIN32 */
  
  static int qmp_chardev_open_file_source(char *src, int flags,
                                          Error **errp)
  {
      int fd = -1;
  
      TFR(fd = qemu_open(src, flags, 0666));
      if (fd == -1) {
          error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, src);
      }
      return fd;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_file(ChardevFile *file, Error **errp)
  {
      int flags, in = -1, out;
  
      flags = O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_BINARY;
      out = qmp_chardev_open_file_source(file->out, flags, errp);
      if (out < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (file->has_in) {
          flags = O_RDONLY;
          in = qmp_chardev_open_file_source(file->in, flags, errp);
          if (in < 0) {
              qemu_close(out);
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  
      return qemu_chr_open_fd(in, out);
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_serial(ChardevHostdev *serial,
                                                  Error **errp)
  {
  #ifdef HAVE_CHARDEV_TTY
      int fd;
  
      fd = qmp_chardev_open_file_source(serial->device, O_RDWR, errp);
      if (fd < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
      qemu_set_nonblock(fd);
      return qemu_chr_open_tty_fd(fd);
  #else
      error_setg(errp, "character device backend type 'serial' not supported");
      return NULL;
  #endif
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_parallel(ChardevHostdev *parallel,
                                                    Error **errp)
  {
  #ifdef HAVE_CHARDEV_PARPORT
      int fd;
  
      fd = qmp_chardev_open_file_source(parallel->device, O_RDWR, errp);
      if (fd < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
      return qemu_chr_open_pp_fd(fd);
  #else
      error_setg(errp, "character device backend type 'parallel' not supported");
      return NULL;
  #endif
  }
  
  #endif /* WIN32 */
  
  static void socket_try_connect(CharDriverState *chr)
  {
      Error *err = NULL;
  
      if (!qemu_chr_open_socket_fd(chr, &err)) {
          check_report_connect_error(chr, err);
      }
  }
  
  static gboolean socket_reconnect_timeout(gpointer opaque)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr = opaque;
      TCPCharDriver *s = chr->opaque;
  
      s->reconnect_timer = 0;
  
      if (chr->be_open) {
          return false;
      }
  
      socket_try_connect(chr);
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_socket(ChardevSocket *sock,
                                                  Error **errp)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
      TCPCharDriver *s;
      SocketAddress *addr = sock->addr;
      bool do_nodelay     = sock->has_nodelay ? sock->nodelay : false;
      bool is_listen      = sock->has_server  ? sock->server  : true;
      bool is_telnet      = sock->has_telnet  ? sock->telnet  : false;
      bool is_waitconnect = sock->has_wait    ? sock->wait    : false;
      int64_t reconnect   = sock->has_reconnect ? sock->reconnect : 0;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_alloc();
      s = g_malloc0(sizeof(TCPCharDriver));
  
      s->fd = -1;
      s->listen_fd = -1;
      s->is_unix = addr->kind == SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_UNIX;
      s->is_listen = is_listen;
      s->is_telnet = is_telnet;
      s->do_nodelay = do_nodelay;
      qapi_copy_SocketAddress(&s->addr, sock->addr);
  
      chr->opaque = s;
      chr->chr_write = tcp_chr_write;
      chr->chr_sync_read = tcp_chr_sync_read;
      chr->chr_close = tcp_chr_close;
      chr->get_msgfds = tcp_get_msgfds;
      chr->set_msgfds = tcp_set_msgfds;
      chr->chr_add_client = tcp_chr_add_client;
      chr->chr_add_watch = tcp_chr_add_watch;
      chr->chr_update_read_handler = tcp_chr_update_read_handler;
      /* be isn't opened until we get a connection */
      chr->explicit_be_open = true;
  
      chr->filename = g_malloc(CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE);
      SocketAddress_to_str(chr->filename, CHR_MAX_FILENAME_SIZE, "disconnected:",
                           addr, is_listen, is_telnet);
  
      if (is_listen) {
          if (is_telnet) {
              s->do_telnetopt = 1;
          }
      } else if (reconnect > 0) {
          s->reconnect_time = reconnect;
      }
  
      if (s->reconnect_time) {
          socket_try_connect(chr);
      } else if (!qemu_chr_open_socket_fd(chr, errp)) {
          g_free(s);
          g_free(chr->filename);
          g_free(chr);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (is_listen && is_waitconnect) {
          fprintf(stderr, "QEMU waiting for connection on: %s\n",
                  chr->filename);
          tcp_chr_accept(s->listen_chan, G_IO_IN, chr);
          qemu_set_nonblock(s->listen_fd);
      }
  
      return chr;
  }
  
  static CharDriverState *qmp_chardev_open_udp(ChardevUdp *udp,
                                               Error **errp)
  {
      int fd;
  
      fd = socket_dgram(udp->remote, udp->local, errp);
      if (fd < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
      return qemu_chr_open_udp_fd(fd);
  }
  
  ChardevReturn *qmp_chardev_add(const char *id, ChardevBackend *backend,
                                 Error **errp)
  {
      ChardevReturn *ret = g_new0(ChardevReturn, 1);
      CharDriverState *base, *chr = NULL;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_find(id);
      if (chr) {
          error_setg(errp, "Chardev '%s' already exists", id);
          g_free(ret);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      switch (backend->kind) {
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_FILE:
          chr = qmp_chardev_open_file(backend->file, errp);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SERIAL:
          chr = qmp_chardev_open_serial(backend->serial, errp);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PARALLEL:
          chr = qmp_chardev_open_parallel(backend->parallel, errp);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PIPE:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_pipe(backend->pipe);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SOCKET:
          chr = qmp_chardev_open_socket(backend->socket, errp);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_UDP:
          chr = qmp_chardev_open_udp(backend->udp, errp);
          break;
  #ifdef HAVE_CHARDEV_TTY
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PTY:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_pty(id, ret);
          break;
  #endif
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_NULL:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_null();
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MUX:
          base = qemu_chr_find(backend->mux->chardev);
          if (base == NULL) {
              error_setg(errp, "mux: base chardev %s not found",
                         backend->mux->chardev);
              break;
          }
          chr = qemu_chr_open_mux(base);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MSMOUSE:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_msmouse();
          break;
  #ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_BRAILLE:
          chr = chr_baum_init();
          break;
  #endif
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_TESTDEV:
          chr = chr_testdev_init();
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_STDIO:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_stdio(backend->stdio);
          break;
  #ifdef _WIN32
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_CONSOLE:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_win_con();
          break;
  #endif
  #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SPICEVMC:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_spice_vmc(backend->spicevmc->type);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SPICEPORT:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_spice_port(backend->spiceport->fqdn);
          break;
  #endif
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_VC:
          chr = vc_init(backend->vc);
          break;
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_RINGBUF:
      case CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MEMORY:
          chr = qemu_chr_open_ringbuf(backend->ringbuf, errp);
          break;
      default:
          error_setg(errp, "unknown chardev backend (%d)", backend->kind);
          break;
      }
  
      /*
       * Character backend open hasn't been fully converted to the Error
       * API.  Some opens fail without setting an error.  Set a generic
       * error then.
       * TODO full conversion to Error API
       */
      if (chr == NULL && errp && !*errp) {
          error_setg(errp, "Failed to create chardev");
      }
      if (chr) {
          chr->label = g_strdup(id);
          chr->avail_connections =
              (backend->kind == CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MUX) ? MAX_MUX : 1;
          if (!chr->filename) {
              chr->filename = g_strdup(ChardevBackendKind_lookup[backend->kind]);
          }
          if (!chr->explicit_be_open) {
              qemu_chr_be_event(chr, CHR_EVENT_OPENED);
          }
          QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&chardevs, chr, next);
          return ret;
      } else {
          g_free(ret);
          return NULL;
      }
  }
  
  void qmp_chardev_remove(const char *id, Error **errp)
  {
      CharDriverState *chr;
  
      chr = qemu_chr_find(id);
      if (chr == NULL) {
          error_setg(errp, "Chardev '%s' not found", id);
          return;
      }
      if (chr->chr_can_read || chr->chr_read ||
          chr->chr_event || chr->handler_opaque) {
          error_setg(errp, "Chardev '%s' is busy", id);
          return;
      }
      qemu_chr_delete(chr);
  }
  
  static void register_types(void)
  {
      register_char_driver("null", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_NULL, NULL);
      register_char_driver("socket", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SOCKET,
                           qemu_chr_parse_socket);
      register_char_driver("udp", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_UDP, qemu_chr_parse_udp);
      register_char_driver("ringbuf", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_RINGBUF,
                           qemu_chr_parse_ringbuf);
      register_char_driver("file", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_FILE,
                           qemu_chr_parse_file_out);
      register_char_driver("stdio", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_STDIO,
                           qemu_chr_parse_stdio);
      register_char_driver("serial", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SERIAL,
                           qemu_chr_parse_serial);
      register_char_driver("tty", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SERIAL,
                           qemu_chr_parse_serial);
      register_char_driver("parallel", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PARALLEL,
                           qemu_chr_parse_parallel);
      register_char_driver("parport", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PARALLEL,
                           qemu_chr_parse_parallel);
      register_char_driver("pty", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PTY, NULL);
      register_char_driver("console", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_CONSOLE, NULL);
      register_char_driver("pipe", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_PIPE,
                           qemu_chr_parse_pipe);
      register_char_driver("mux", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MUX, qemu_chr_parse_mux);
      /* Bug-compatibility: */
      register_char_driver("memory", CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_MEMORY,
                           qemu_chr_parse_ringbuf);
      /* this must be done after machine init, since we register FEs with muxes
       * as part of realize functions like serial_isa_realizefn when -nographic
       * is specified
       */
      qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(&muxes_realize_notify);
  }
  
  type_init(register_types);
  