text: /*
   * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
   * All rights reserved.
   *
   * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
   * by Andrew Brown.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   * are met:
   * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   *      This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
   *      Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
   * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
   *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
   *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
   * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
   * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
   * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
   * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
   * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
   * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
   * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
   * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
   * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
   * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
   */
  
  #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  #if 0
  #ifndef lint
  __RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.13 2003/07/25 03:21:17 atatat Exp $");
  #endif
  #endif
  
  __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/stat/stat.c,v 1.6 2003/10/06 01:55:17 dougb Exp $");
  
  #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
  #include "config.h" 
  #else  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
  #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
  #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
  #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
  #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
  #define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM 0
  #define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
  #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
  
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  
  #include <ctype.h>
  #include <err.h>
  #include <grp.h>
  #include <limits.h>
  #include <pwd.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <time.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include "ios_error.h"
  
  #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
  #define DEF_F "%#Xf "
  #define RAW_F "%f "
  #define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
  #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
  #define DEF_F
  #define RAW_F
  #define SHELL_F
  #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
  
  #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
  #define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
  #define RAW_B "%B "
  #define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%B "
  #else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
  #define DEF_B
  #define RAW_B
  #define SHELL_B
  #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
  
  #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
  #define st_atimespec st_atim
  #define st_ctimespec st_ctim
  #define st_mtimespec st_mtim
  #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */
  
  #define DEF_FORMAT \
  	"%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
  	"%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
  #define RAW_FORMAT	"%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
  	"%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
  #define LS_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
  #define LSF_FORMAT	"%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
  #define SHELL_FORMAT \
  	"st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
  	"st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
  	"st_atime=%a st_mtime=%m st_ctime=%c " SHELL_B \
  	"st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
  #define LINUX_FORMAT \
  	"  File: \"%N\"%n" \
  	"  Size: %-11z  FileType: %HT%n" \
  	"  Mode: (%04OA/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
  	"Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
  	"Access: %Sa%n" \
  	"Modify: %Sm%n" \
  	"Change: %Sc"
  
  #define TIME_FORMAT	"%b %e %T %Y"
  
  #define FLAG_POUND	0x01
  #define FLAG_SPACE	0x02
  #define FLAG_PLUS	0x04
  #define FLAG_ZERO	0x08
  #define FLAG_MINUS	0x10
  
  /*
   * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
   */
  #define FMT_MAGIC	'%'
  #define FMT_DOT		'.'
  
  #define SIMPLE_NEWLINE	'n'
  #define SIMPLE_TAB	't'
  #define SIMPLE_PERCENT	'%'
  #define SIMPLE_NUMBER	'@'
  
  #define FMT_POUND	'#'
  #define FMT_SPACE	' '
  #define FMT_PLUS	'+'
  #define FMT_ZERO	'0'
  #define FMT_MINUS	'-'
  
  #define FMT_DECIMAL 	'D'
  #define FMT_OCTAL 	'O'
  #define FMT_UNSIGNED 	'U'
  #define FMT_HEX 	'X'
  #define FMT_FLOAT 	'F'
  #define FMT_STRING 	'S'
  
  #define FMTF_DECIMAL	0x01
  #define FMTF_OCTAL	0x02
  #define FMTF_UNSIGNED	0x04
  #define FMTF_HEX	0x08
  #define FMTF_FLOAT	0x10
  #define FMTF_STRING	0x20
  
  #define HIGH_PIECE	'H'
  #define MIDDLE_PIECE	'M'
  #define LOW_PIECE	'L'
  
  #define SHOW_st_dev	'd'
  #define SHOW_st_ino	'i'
  #define SHOW_st_mode	'p'
  #define SHOW_st_mode2	'A'
  #define SHOW_st_nlink	'l'
  #define SHOW_st_uid	'u'
  #define SHOW_st_gid	'g'
  #define SHOW_st_rdev	'r'
  #define SHOW_st_atime	'a'
  #define SHOW_st_mtime	'm'
  #define SHOW_st_ctime	'c'
  #define SHOW_st_btime	'B'
  #define SHOW_st_size	'z'
  #define SHOW_st_blocks	'b'
  #define SHOW_st_blksize	'k'
  #define SHOW_st_flags	'f'
  #define SHOW_st_gen	'v'
  #define SHOW_symlink	'Y'
  #define SHOW_filetype	'T'
  #define SHOW_filename	'N'
  #define SHOW_sizerdev	'Z'
  
  static void	usage(const char *);
  static void	output(const struct stat *, const char *,
  	    const char *, int, int, int);
  static int	format1(const struct stat *,	/* stat info */
  	    const char *,		/* the file name */
  	    const char *, int,		/* the format string itself */
  	    char *, size_t,		/* a place to put the output */
  	    int, int, int, int,		/* the parsed format */
  	    int, int);
  
  static char *timefmt;
  static int linkfail;
  
  #define addchar(s, c, nl) \
  	do { \
  		(void)fputc((c), (s)); \
  		(*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
  	} while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)
  
  static char* progname;
  
  int
  stat_main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	struct stat st;
  	int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
  	int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, fn, nonl, quiet;
  	char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;
  
  	am_readlink = 0;
  	lsF = 0;
  	fmtchar = '\0';
  	usestat = 0;
  	nonl = 0;
  	quiet = 0;
  	linkfail = 0;
  	statfmt = NULL;
  	timefmt = NULL;
      optind = 1; opterr = 1; optreset = 1;
      progname = argv[0];
  
      // if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
          if (strcmp(progname, "readlink") == 0) {
  		am_readlink = 1;
  		options = "n";
  		synopsis = "[-n] [file ...]";
  		statfmt = "%Y";
  		fmtchar = 'f';
  		quiet = 1;
  	} else {
  		options = "f:FlLnqrst:x";
  		synopsis = "[-FlLnqrsx] [-f format] [-t timefmt] [file ...]";
  	}
  
  	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
  		switch (ch) {
  		case 'F':
  			lsF = 1;
  			break;
  		case 'L':
  			usestat = 1;
  			break;
  		case 'n':
  			nonl = 1;
  			break;
  		case 'q':
  			quiet = 1;
  			break;
  		case 'f':
  			statfmt = optarg;
  			/* FALLTHROUGH */
  		case 'l':
  		case 'r':
  		case 's':
  		case 'x':
              if (fmtchar != 0) {
  				errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
                      fmtchar, ch);
              }
  			fmtchar = ch;
  			break;
  		case 't':
  			timefmt = optarg;
  			break;
  		default:
  			usage(synopsis);
  		}
  
  	argc -= optind;
  	argv += optind;
  	fn = 1;
  
  	if (fmtchar == '\0') {
  		if (lsF)
  			fmtchar = 'l';
  		else {
  			fmtchar = 'f';
  			statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
  		}
  	}
  
      if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l') {
  		errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);
      }
  
  	switch (fmtchar) {
  	case 'f':
  		/* statfmt already set */
  		break;
  	case 'l':
  		statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
  		break;
  	case 'r':
  		statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
  		break;
  	case 's':
  		statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
  		break;
  	case 'x':
  		statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
  		if (timefmt == NULL)
  			timefmt = "%c";
  		break;
  	default:
  		usage(synopsis);
  		/*NOTREACHED*/
  	}
  
  	if (timefmt == NULL)
  		timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;
  
  	errs = 0;
  	do {
  		if (argc == 0)
  			rc = fstat(fileno(thread_stdin), &st);
  		else if (usestat)
  			rc = stat(argv[0], &st);
  		else
  			rc = lstat(argv[0], &st);
  
  		if (rc == -1) {
  			errs = 1;
  			linkfail = 1;
  			if (!quiet)
  				warn("%s: stat",
                      argc == 0 ? "(stdin)" : argv[0]);
  		}
  		else
  			output(&st, argv[0], statfmt, fn, nonl, quiet);
  
  		argv++;
  		argc--;
  		fn++;
  	} while (argc > 0);
  
  	return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
  }
  
  void
  usage(const char *synopsis)
  {
  	// (void)fprintf(thread_stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
      (void)fprintf(thread_stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", progname, synopsis);
  	exit(1);
  }
  
  /* 
   * Parses a format string.
   */
  void
  output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
      const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl, int quiet)
  {
  	int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
  	char buf[PATH_MAX];
  	const char *subfmt;
  	int nl, t, i;
  
  	nl = 1;
  	while (*statfmt != '\0') {
  
  		/*
  		 * Non-format characters go straight out.
  		 */
  		if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
  			addchar(thread_stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
  			statfmt++;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * The current format "substring" starts here,
  		 * and then we skip the magic.
  		 */
  		subfmt = statfmt;
  		statfmt++;
  
  		/*
  		 * Some simple one-character "formats".
  		 */
  		switch (*statfmt) {
  		case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
  			addchar(thread_stdout, '\n', &nl);
  			statfmt++;
  			continue;
  		case SIMPLE_TAB:
  			addchar(thread_stdout, '\t', &nl);
  			statfmt++;
  			continue;
  		case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
  			addchar(thread_stdout, '%', &nl);
  			statfmt++;
  			continue;
  		case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
  			char num[12], *p;
  
  			snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
  			for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
  				addchar(thread_stdout, *p, &nl);
  			statfmt++;
  			continue;
  		}
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
  		 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
  		 * the form:
  		 *
  		 *	%	required start of format
  		 *	[-# +0]	opt. format characters
  		 *	size	opt. field width
  		 *	.	opt. decimal separator, followed by
  		 *	prec	opt. precision
  		 *	fmt	opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
  		 *	sub	opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
  		 *	datum	required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
  		 *
  		 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
  		 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
  		 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
  		 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
  		 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
  		 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
  		 * block devices, and size output for all others.
  		 */
  		flags = 0;
  		do {
  			if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
  				flags |= FLAG_POUND;
  			else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
  				flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
  			else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
  				flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
  			else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
  				flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
  			else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
  				flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
  			else
  				break;
  			statfmt++;
  		} while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);
  
  		size = -1;
  		if (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
  			size = 0;
  			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
  				size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
  				statfmt++;
  				if (size < 0)
  					goto badfmt;
  			}
  		}
  
  		prec = -1;
  		if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
  			statfmt++;
  
  			prec = 0;
  			while (isdigit((unsigned)*statfmt)) {
  				prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
  				statfmt++;
  				if (prec < 0)
  					goto badfmt;
  			}
  		}
  
  #define fmtcase(x, y)		case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
  #define fmtcasef(x, y, z)	case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
  		switch (*statfmt) {
  			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,	FMTF_DECIMAL);
  			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,	FMTF_OCTAL);
  			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,	FMTF_UNSIGNED);
  			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,		FMTF_HEX);
  			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,	FMTF_FLOAT);
  			fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,	FMTF_STRING);
  		default:
  			ofmt = 0;
  			break;
  		}
  
  		switch (*statfmt) {
  			fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
  			fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
  			fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
  		default:
  			hilo = 0;
  			break;
  		}
  
  		switch (*statfmt) {
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode2);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
  			fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
  		default:
  			goto badfmt;
  		}
  #undef fmtcasef
  #undef fmtcase
  
  		t = format1(st,
  		     file,
  		     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
  		     buf, sizeof(buf),
  		     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what);
  
  		for (i = 0; i < t && i < sizeof(buf); i++)
  			addchar(thread_stdout, buf[i], &nl);
  
  		continue;
  
  	badfmt:
          errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
  		    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
  	}
  
  	if (!nl && !nonl)
  		(void)fputc('\n', thread_stdout);
  	(void)fflush(thread_stdout);
  }
  
  /*
   * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
   */
  int
  format1(const struct stat *st,
      const char *file,
      const char *fmt, int flen,
      char *buf, size_t blen,
      int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
      int hilo, int what)
  {
  	u_int64_t data;
  	char *sdata, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
  	char smode[12], sid[12], path[PATH_MAX + 4];
  	struct passwd *pw;
  	struct group *gr;
  	const struct timespec *tsp;
  	struct timespec ts = {0,0};
  	struct tm *tm;
  	int l, small, formats;
  
  	tsp = NULL;
  //	formats = 0;
  //	small = 0;
  
  	/*
  	 * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
  	 * specified output format (symlink output only).
  	 */
  	switch (what) {
  	case SHOW_st_dev:
  	case SHOW_st_rdev:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
  		data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
  #if HAVE_DEVNAME
  		sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
  		    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
  		    devname(st->st_rdev, 
  		    S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
  		    S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
  		    0U);
  		if (sdata == NULL)
  			sdata = "???";
  #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
  		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
  			data = major(data);
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
  			data = minor((unsigned)data);
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
  #if HAVE_DEVNAME
  		    FMTF_STRING;
  #else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
  		    0;
  #endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_ino:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
  		data = st->st_ino;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_mode:
  	case SHOW_st_mode2:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
  		data = st->st_mode;
  		strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
  		sdata = smode;
  		l = strlen(sdata);
  		if (sdata[l - 1] == ' ')
  			sdata[--l] = '\0';
  		if (what == SHOW_st_mode2)
  			data &= 07777;
  		if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
  			data >>= 12;
  			sdata += 1;
  			sdata[3] = '\0';
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
  			data = (data >> 9) & 07;
  			sdata += 4;
  			sdata[3] = '\0';
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
  			data &= 0777;
  			sdata += 7;
  			sdata[3] = '\0';
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
  		    FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_nlink:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
  		data = st->st_nlink;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_uid:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
  		data = st->st_uid;
  		if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
  			sdata = pw->pw_name;
  		else {
  			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
  			sdata = sid;
  		}
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
  		    FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_gid:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
  		data = st->st_gid;
  		if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
  			sdata = gr->gr_name;
  		else {
  			snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
  			sdata = sid;
  		}
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
  		    FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_atime:
  		tsp = &st->st_atimespec;
  		/* FALLTHROUGH */
  	case SHOW_st_mtime:
  		if (tsp == NULL)
  			tsp = &st->st_mtimespec;
  		/* FALLTHROUGH */
  	case SHOW_st_ctime:
  		if (tsp == NULL)
  			tsp = &st->st_ctimespec;
  		/* FALLTHROUGH */
  #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
  	case SHOW_st_btime:
  		if (tsp == NULL)
  			tsp = &st->st_birthtimespec;
  #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
  		ts = *tsp;		/* copy so we can muck with it */
  		small = (sizeof(ts.tv_sec) == 4);
  		data = ts.tv_sec;
  		tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
  		if (tm == NULL) {
  			ts.tv_sec = 0;
  			tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec);
  		}
  		(void)strftime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, tm);
  		sdata = path;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
  		    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_size:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
  		data = st->st_size;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_blocks:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
  		data = st->st_blocks;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_st_blksize:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
  		data = st->st_blksize;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
  	case SHOW_st_flags:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
  		data = st->st_flags;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
  #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
  	case SHOW_st_gen:
  		small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
  		data = st->st_gen;
  		sdata = NULL;
  		formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
  		break;
  #endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
  	case SHOW_symlink:
  		small = 0;
  		data = 0;
  		if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
  			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
  			l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
  			if (l == -1) {
  				linkfail = 1;
  				l = 0;
  				path[0] = '\0';
  			}
  			path[l + 4] = '\0';
  			sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
  		}
  		else {
  			linkfail = 1;
  			sdata = "";
  		}
  		formats = FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_filetype:
  		small = 0;
  		data = 0;
  		sdata = smode;
  		sdata[0] = '\0';
  		if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
  			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
  			case S_IFIFO:	(void)strcat(sdata, "|");	break;
  			case S_IFDIR:	(void)strcat(sdata, "/");	break;
  			case S_IFREG:
  				if (st->st_mode &
  				    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
  					(void)strcat(sdata, "*");
  				break;
  			case S_IFLNK:	(void)strcat(sdata, "@");	break;
  			case S_IFSOCK:	(void)strcat(sdata, "=");	break;
  #ifdef S_IFWHT
  			case S_IFWHT:	(void)strcat(sdata, "%");	break;
  #endif /* S_IFWHT */
  #ifdef S_IFDOOR
  			case S_IFDOOR:	(void)strcat(sdata, ">");	break;
  #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
  			}
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
  			switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
  			case S_IFIFO:	sdata = "Fifo File";		break;
  			case S_IFCHR:	sdata = "Character Device";	break;
  			case S_IFDIR:	sdata = "Directory";		break;
  			case S_IFBLK:	sdata = "Block Device";		break;
  			case S_IFREG:	sdata = "Regular File";		break;
  			case S_IFLNK:	sdata = "Symbolic Link";	break;
  			case S_IFSOCK:	sdata = "Socket";		break;
  #ifdef S_IFWHT
  			case S_IFWHT:	sdata = "Whiteout File";	break;
  #endif /* S_IFWHT */
  #ifdef S_IFDOOR
  			case S_IFDOOR:	sdata = "Door";			break;
  #endif /* S_IFDOOR */
  			default:	sdata = "???";			break;
  			}
  			hilo = 0;
  		}
  		formats = FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_filename:
  		small = 0;
  		data = 0;
  		if (file == NULL)
  			(void)strncpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
  		else
  			(void)strncpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
  		sdata = path;
  		formats = FMTF_STRING;
  		if (ofmt == 0)
  			ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
  		break;
  	case SHOW_sizerdev:
  		if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
  			char majdev[20], mindev[20];
  			int l1, l2;
  
  			l1 = format1(st,
  			    file,
  			    fmt, flen,
  			    majdev, sizeof(majdev),
  			    flags, size, prec,
  			    ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
  			l2 = format1(st,
  			    file,
  			    fmt, flen,
  			    mindev, sizeof(mindev),
  			    flags, size, prec,
  			    ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev);
  			return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
  			    l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
  		}
  		else {
  			return (format1(st,
  			    file,
  			    fmt, flen,
  			    buf, blen,
  			    flags, size, prec,
  			    ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size));
  		}
  		/*NOTREACHED*/
  	default:
  		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * If a subdatum was specified but not supported, or an output
  	 * format was selected that is not supported, that's an error.
  	 */
      if (hilo != 0 || (ofmt & formats) == 0) {
  		errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
      }
  
  	/*
  	 * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
  	 */
  	lfmt[0] = '\0';
  	(void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
  	if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
  	if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
  	if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
  	if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
  	if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, "0");
  
  	/*
  	 * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
  	 * requires work that differs from the other formats.
  	 */ 
  	if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
  		/*
  		 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
  		 */
  		if (prec == 0) {
  			if (size != -1) {
  				(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
  				(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
  			}
  			(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");
  			return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, ts.tv_sec));
  		}
  
  		/*
  		 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
  		 * 9 digits.
  		 */
  		if (prec == -1)
  			prec = 9;
  
  		/*
  		 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
  		 * that will follow.
  		 */
  		size -= prec + 1;
  
  		/*
  		 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
  		 */
  		if (size > 0) {
  			(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
  			(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
  		}
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");
  
  		/*
  		 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
  		 * filling.
  		 */
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");
  
  		/*
  		 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
  		 * rest we will pad on at the end.
  		 */
  		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dd", prec > 9 ? 9 : prec);
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
  
  		/*
  		 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
  		 * less significant figures.
  		 */
  		for (; prec < 9; prec++)
  			ts.tv_nsec /= 10;
  
  		/*
  		 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
  		 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
  		 */
  		l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
  		for (; prec > 9 && l < blen; prec--, l++)
  			(void)strcat(buf, "0");
  		return (l);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
  	 */
  	if (size != -1) {
  		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
  	}
  	if (prec != -1) {
  		(void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * String output uses the temporary sdata.
  	 */
  	if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
          if (sdata == NULL) {
  			errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
          }
  		(void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
  		return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
  	 * for some forms.
  	 */
  	if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
  		data = (u_int32_t)data;
  
  	/*
  	 * The four "numeric" output forms.
  	 */
  	(void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
  	switch (ofmt) {
  	case FMTF_DECIMAL:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "d");	break;
  	case FMTF_OCTAL:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "o");	break;
  	case FMTF_UNSIGNED:	(void)strcat(lfmt, "u");	break;
  	case FMTF_HEX:		(void)strcat(lfmt, "x");	break;
  	}
  
  	return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
  }
  