text: 
  from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory, Client
  import app.views as v
  
  
  class HttpMethodTests(TestCase):
      # setup for all test cases
      def setUp(self):
          self.factory = RequestFactory()
          self.client = Client()
          self.route_name = 'app:index'
          self.route = '/'
          self.view = v.app_index
          self.responses = {
              'exists': 200,
              'GET': 200,
              'POST': 200,
              'PUT': 200,
              'PATCH': 200,
              'DELETE': 200,
              'HEAD': 200,
              'OPTIONS': 200,
              'TRACE': 200
          }
          self.kwargs = {}
  