text: """
  Specifying ordering
  
  Specify default ordering for a model using the ``ordering`` attribute, which
  should be a list or tuple of field names. This tells Django how to order
  ``QuerySet`` results.
  
  If a field name in ``ordering`` starts with a hyphen, that field will be
  ordered in descending order. Otherwise, it'll be ordered in ascending order.
  The special-case field name ``"?"`` specifies random order.
  
  The ordering attribute is not required. If you leave it off, ordering will be
  undefined -- not random, just undefined.
  """
  
  from django.db import models
  from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
  
  
  class Author(models.Model):
      class Meta:
          ordering = ('-pk',)
  
  
  @python_2_unicode_compatible
  class Article(models.Model):
      author = models.ForeignKey(Author, null=True)
      headline = models.CharField(max_length=100)
      pub_date = models.DateTimeField()
  
      class Meta:
          ordering = ('-pub_date', 'headline')
  
      def __str__(self):
          return self.headline
  