text: #!/usr/bin/env python3
  # kate: replace-tabs on; indent-width 4;
  
  from __future__ import unicode_literals
  
  '''Generate header file for nanopb from a ProtoBuf FileDescriptorSet.'''
  nanopb_version = "nanopb-0.4.5-dev"
  
  import sys
  import re
  import codecs
  import copy
  import itertools
  import tempfile
  import shutil
  import os
  from functools import reduce
  
  try:
      # Add some dummy imports to keep packaging tools happy.
      import google, distutils.util # bbfreeze seems to need these
      import pkg_resources # pyinstaller / protobuf 2.5 seem to need these
      import proto.nanopb_pb2 as nanopb_pb2 # pyinstaller seems to need this
      import pkg_resources.py2_warn
  except:
      # Don't care, we will error out later if it is actually important.
      pass
  
  try:
      # Make sure grpc_tools gets included in binary package if it is available
      import grpc_tools.protoc
  except:
      pass
  
  try:
      import google.protobuf.text_format as text_format
      import google.protobuf.descriptor_pb2 as descriptor
      import google.protobuf.compiler.plugin_pb2 as plugin_pb2
      import google.protobuf.reflection as reflection
      import google.protobuf.descriptor
  except:
      sys.stderr.write('''
           *************************************************************
           *** Could not import the Google protobuf Python libraries ***
           *** Try installing package 'python3-protobuf' or similar.  ***
           *************************************************************
      ''' + '\n')
      raise
  
  try:
      from .proto import nanopb_pb2
      from .proto._utils import invoke_protoc
  except TypeError:
      sys.stderr.write('''
           ****************************************************************************
           *** Got TypeError when importing the protocol definitions for generator. ***
           *** This usually means that the protoc in your path doesn't match the    ***
           *** Python protobuf library version.                                     ***
           ***                                                                      ***
           *** Please check the output of the following commands:                   ***
           *** which protoc                                                         ***
           *** protoc --version                                                     ***
           *** python3 -c 'import google.protobuf; print(google.protobuf.__file__)'  ***
           *** If you are not able to find the python protobuf version using the    ***
           *** above command, use this command.                                     ***
           *** pip freeze | grep -i protobuf                                        ***
           ****************************************************************************
      ''' + '\n')
      raise
  except (ValueError, SystemError, ImportError):
      # Probably invoked directly instead of via installed scripts.
      import proto.nanopb_pb2 as nanopb_pb2
      from proto._utils import invoke_protoc
  except:
      sys.stderr.write('''
           ********************************************************************
           *** Failed to import the protocol definitions for generator.     ***
           *** You have to run 'make' in the nanopb/generator/proto folder. ***
           ********************************************************************
      ''' + '\n')
      raise
  
  try:
      from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
  except ImportError:
      class TemporaryDirectory:
          '''TemporaryDirectory fallback for Python 2'''
          def __enter__(self):
              self.dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
              return self.dir
  
          def __exit__(self, *args):
              shutil.rmtree(self.dir)
  
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #                     Generation of single fields
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  import time
  import os.path
  
  # Values are tuple (c type, pb type, encoded size, data_size)
  FieldD = descriptor.FieldDescriptorProto
  datatypes = {
      FieldD.TYPE_BOOL:       ('bool',     'BOOL',        1,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_DOUBLE:     ('double',   'DOUBLE',      8,  8),
      FieldD.TYPE_FIXED32:    ('uint32_t', 'FIXED32',     4,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_FIXED64:    ('uint64_t', 'FIXED64',     8,  8),
      FieldD.TYPE_FLOAT:      ('float',    'FLOAT',       4,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_INT32:      ('int32_t',  'INT32',      10,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_INT64:      ('int64_t',  'INT64',      10,  8),
      FieldD.TYPE_SFIXED32:   ('int32_t',  'SFIXED32',    4,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_SFIXED64:   ('int64_t',  'SFIXED64',    8,  8),
      FieldD.TYPE_SINT32:     ('int32_t',  'SINT32',      5,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_SINT64:     ('int64_t',  'SINT64',     10,  8),
      FieldD.TYPE_UINT32:     ('uint32_t', 'UINT32',      5,  4),
      FieldD.TYPE_UINT64:     ('uint64_t', 'UINT64',     10,  8),
  
      # Integer size override options
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT32,   nanopb_pb2.IS_8):   ('int8_t',   'INT32', 10,  1),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT32,  nanopb_pb2.IS_16):   ('int16_t',  'INT32', 10,  2),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT32,  nanopb_pb2.IS_32):   ('int32_t',  'INT32', 10,  4),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT32,  nanopb_pb2.IS_64):   ('int64_t',  'INT32', 10,  8),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT32,  nanopb_pb2.IS_8):   ('int8_t',  'SINT32',  2,  1),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT32, nanopb_pb2.IS_16):   ('int16_t', 'SINT32',  3,  2),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT32, nanopb_pb2.IS_32):   ('int32_t', 'SINT32',  5,  4),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT32, nanopb_pb2.IS_64):   ('int64_t', 'SINT32', 10,  8),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT32,  nanopb_pb2.IS_8):   ('uint8_t', 'UINT32',  2,  1),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT32, nanopb_pb2.IS_16):   ('uint16_t','UINT32',  3,  2),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT32, nanopb_pb2.IS_32):   ('uint32_t','UINT32',  5,  4),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT32, nanopb_pb2.IS_64):   ('uint64_t','UINT32', 10,  8),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT64,   nanopb_pb2.IS_8):   ('int8_t',   'INT64', 10,  1),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT64,  nanopb_pb2.IS_16):   ('int16_t',  'INT64', 10,  2),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT64,  nanopb_pb2.IS_32):   ('int32_t',  'INT64', 10,  4),
      (FieldD.TYPE_INT64,  nanopb_pb2.IS_64):   ('int64_t',  'INT64', 10,  8),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT64,  nanopb_pb2.IS_8):   ('int8_t',  'SINT64',  2,  1),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT64, nanopb_pb2.IS_16):   ('int16_t', 'SINT64',  3,  2),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT64, nanopb_pb2.IS_32):   ('int32_t', 'SINT64',  5,  4),
      (FieldD.TYPE_SINT64, nanopb_pb2.IS_64):   ('int64_t', 'SINT64', 10,  8),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT64,  nanopb_pb2.IS_8):   ('uint8_t', 'UINT64',  2,  1),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT64, nanopb_pb2.IS_16):   ('uint16_t','UINT64',  3,  2),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT64, nanopb_pb2.IS_32):   ('uint32_t','UINT64',  5,  4),
      (FieldD.TYPE_UINT64, nanopb_pb2.IS_64):   ('uint64_t','UINT64', 10,  8),
  }
  
  class Globals:
      '''Ugly global variables, should find a good way to pass these.'''
      verbose_options = False
      separate_options = []
      matched_namemasks = set()
      protoc_insertion_points = False
  
  # String types (for python 2 / python 3 compatibility)
  try:
      strtypes = (unicode, str)
      openmode_unicode = 'rU'
  except NameError:
      strtypes = (str, )
      openmode_unicode = 'r'
  
  
  class Names:
      '''Keeps a set of nested names and formats them to C identifier.'''
      def __init__(self, parts = ()):
          if isinstance(parts, Names):
              parts = parts.parts
          elif isinstance(parts, strtypes):
              parts = (parts,)
          self.parts = tuple(parts)
  
      def __str__(self):
          return '_'.join(self.parts)
  
      def __add__(self, other):
          if isinstance(other, strtypes):
              return Names(self.parts + (other,))
          elif isinstance(other, Names):
              return Names(self.parts + other.parts)
          elif isinstance(other, tuple):
              return Names(self.parts + other)
          else:
              raise ValueError("Name parts should be of type str")
  
      def __eq__(self, other):
          return isinstance(other, Names) and self.parts == other.parts
  
      def __lt__(self, other):
          if not isinstance(other, Names):
              return NotImplemented
          return str(self) < str(other)
  
  def names_from_type_name(type_name):
      '''Parse Names() from FieldDescriptorProto type_name'''
      if type_name[0] != '.':
          raise NotImplementedError("Lookup of non-absolute type names is not supported")
      return Names(type_name[1:].split('.'))
  
  def varint_max_size(max_value):
      '''Returns the maximum number of bytes a varint can take when encoded.'''
      if max_value < 0:
          max_value = 2**64 - max_value
      for i in range(1, 11):
          if (max_value >> (i * 7)) == 0:
              return i
      raise ValueError("Value too large for varint: " + str(max_value))
  
  assert varint_max_size(-1) == 10
  assert varint_max_size(0) == 1
  assert varint_max_size(127) == 1
  assert varint_max_size(128) == 2
  
  class EncodedSize:
      '''Class used to represent the encoded size of a field or a message.
      Consists of a combination of symbolic sizes and integer sizes.'''
      def __init__(self, value = 0, symbols = [], declarations = [], required_defines = []):
          if isinstance(value, EncodedSize):
              self.value = value.value
              self.symbols = value.symbols
              self.declarations = value.declarations
              self.required_defines = value.required_defines
          elif isinstance(value, strtypes + (Names,)):
              self.symbols = [str(value)]
              self.value = 0
              self.declarations = []
              self.required_defines = [str(value)]
          else:
              self.value = value
              self.symbols = symbols
              self.declarations = declarations
              self.required_defines = required_defines
  
      def __add__(self, other):
          if isinstance(other, int):
              return EncodedSize(self.value + other, self.symbols, self.declarations, self.required_defines)
          elif isinstance(other, strtypes + (Names,)):
              return EncodedSize(self.value, self.symbols + [str(other)], self.declarations, self.required_defines + [str(other)])
          elif isinstance(other, EncodedSize):
              return EncodedSize(self.value + other.value, self.symbols + other.symbols,
                                 self.declarations + other.declarations, self.required_defines + other.required_defines)
          else:
              raise ValueError("Cannot add size: " + repr(other))
  
      def __mul__(self, other):
          if isinstance(other, int):
              return EncodedSize(self.value * other, [str(other) + '*' + s for s in self.symbols],
                                 self.declarations, self.required_defines)
          else:
              raise ValueError("Cannot multiply size: " + repr(other))
  
      def __str__(self):
          if not self.symbols:
              return str(self.value)
          else:
              return '(' + str(self.value) + ' + ' + ' + '.join(self.symbols) + ')'
  
      def get_declarations(self):
          '''Get any declarations that must appear alongside this encoded size definition,
          such as helper union {} types.'''
          return '\n'.join(self.declarations)
  
      def get_cpp_guard(self, local_defines):
          '''Get an #if preprocessor statement listing all defines that are required for this definition.'''
          needed = [x for x in self.required_defines if x not in local_defines]
          if needed:
              return '#if ' + ' && '.join(['defined(%s)' % x for x in needed]) + "\n"
          else:
              return ''
  
      def upperlimit(self):
          if not self.symbols:
              return self.value
          else:
              return 2**32 - 1
  
  
  '''
  Constants regarding path of proto elements in file descriptor.
  They are used to connect proto elements with source code information (comments)
  These values come from:
      https://github.com/google/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
  '''
  MESSAGE_PATH = 4
  ENUM_PATH = 5
  FIELD_PATH = 2
  
  
  class ProtoElement(object):
      def __init__(self, path, index, comments):
          '''
          path is a predefined value for each element type in proto file.
              For example, message == 4, enum == 5, service == 6
          index is the N-th occurance of the `path` in the proto file.
              For example, 4-th message in the proto file or 2-nd enum etc ...
          comments is a dictionary mapping between element path & SourceCodeInfo.Location
              (contains information about source comments).
          '''
          self.path = path
          self.index = index
          self.comments = comments
  
      def element_path(self):
          '''Get path to proto element.'''
          return [self.path, self.index]
  
      def member_path(self, member_index):
          '''Get path to member of proto element.
          Example paths:
          [4, m] - message comments, m: msgIdx in proto from 0
          [4, m, 2, f] - field comments in message, f: fieldIdx in message from 0
          [6, s] - service comments, s: svcIdx in proto from 0
          [6, s, 2, r] - rpc comments in service, r: rpc method def in service from 0
          '''
          return self.element_path() + [FIELD_PATH, member_index]
  
      def get_comments(self, path, leading_indent=True):
          '''Get leading & trailing comments for enum member based on path.
  
          path is the proto path of an element or member (ex. [5 0] or [4 1 2 0])
          leading_indent is a flag that indicates if leading comments should be indented
          '''
  
          # Obtain SourceCodeInfo.Location object containing comment
          # information (based on the member path)
          comment = self.comments.get(str(path))
  
          leading_comment = ""
          trailing_comment = ""
  
          if not comment:
              return leading_comment, trailing_comment
  
          if comment.leading_comments:
              leading_comment = "    " if leading_indent else ""
              leading_comment += "/* %s */" % comment.leading_comments.strip()
  
          if comment.trailing_comments:
              trailing_comment = "/* %s */" % comment.trailing_comments.strip()
  
          return leading_comment, trailing_comment
  
  
  class Enum(ProtoElement):
      def __init__(self, names, desc, enum_options, index, comments):
          '''
          desc is EnumDescriptorProto
          index is the index of this enum element inside the file
          comments is a dictionary mapping between element path & SourceCodeInfo.Location
              (contains information about source comments)
          '''
          super(Enum, self).__init__(ENUM_PATH, index, comments)
  
          self.options = enum_options
          self.names = names
  
          # by definition, `names` include this enum's name
          base_name = Names(names.parts[:-1])
  
          if enum_options.long_names:
              self.values = [(names + x.name, x.number) for x in desc.value]
          else:
              self.values = [(base_name + x.name, x.number) for x in desc.value]
  
          self.value_longnames = [self.names + x.name for x in desc.value]
          self.packed = enum_options.packed_enum
  
      def has_negative(self):
          for n, v in self.values:
              if v < 0:
                  return True
          return False
  
      def encoded_size(self):
          return max([varint_max_size(v) for n,v in self.values])
  
      def __str__(self):
          enum_path = self.element_path()
          leading_comment, trailing_comment = self.get_comments(enum_path, leading_indent=False)
  
          result = ''
          if leading_comment:
              result = '%s\n' % leading_comment
  
          result += 'typedef enum _%s { %s\n' % (self.names, trailing_comment)
  
          enum_length = len(self.values)
          enum_values = []
          for index, (name, value) in enumerate(self.values):
              member_path = self.member_path(index)
              leading_comment, trailing_comment = self.get_comments(member_path)
  
              if leading_comment:
                  enum_values.append(leading_comment)
  
              comma = ","
              if index == enum_length - 1:
                  # last enum member should not end with a comma
                  comma = ""
  
              enum_values.append("    %s = %d%s %s" % (name, value, comma, trailing_comment))
  
          result += '\n'.join(enum_values)
          result += '\n}'
  
          if self.packed:
              result += ' pb_packed'
  
          result += ' %s;' % self.names
          return result
  
      def auxiliary_defines(self):
          # sort the enum by value
          sorted_values = sorted(self.values, key = lambda x: (x[1], x[0]))
          result  = '#define _%s_MIN %s\n' % (self.names, sorted_values[0][0])
          result += '#define _%s_MAX %s\n' % (self.names, sorted_values[-1][0])
          result += '#define _%s_ARRAYSIZE ((%s)(%s+1))\n' % (self.names, self.names, sorted_values[-1][0])
  
          if not self.options.long_names:
              # Define the long names always so that enum value references
              # from other files work properly.
              for i, x in enumerate(self.values):
                  result += '#define %s %s\n' % (self.value_longnames[i], x[0])
  
          if self.options.enum_to_string:
              result += 'const char *%s_name(%s v);\n' % (self.names, self.names)
  
          return result
  
      def enum_to_string_definition(self):
          if not self.options.enum_to_string:
              return ""
  
          result = 'const char *%s_name(%s v) {\n' % (self.names, self.names)
          result += '    switch (v) {\n'
  
          for ((enumname, _), strname) in zip(self.values, self.value_longnames):
              # Strip off the leading type name from the string value.
              strval = str(strname)[len(str(self.names)) + 1:]
              result += '        case %s: return "%s";\n' % (enumname, strval)
  
          result += '    }\n'
          result += '    return "unknown";\n'
          result += '}\n'
  
          return result
  
  class FieldMaxSize:
      def __init__(self, worst = 0, checks = [], field_name = 'undefined'):
          if isinstance(worst, list):
              self.worst = max(i for i in worst if i is not None)
          else:
              self.worst = worst
  
          self.worst_field = field_name
          self.checks = list(checks)
  
      def extend(self, extend, field_name = None):
          self.worst = max(self.worst, extend.worst)
  
          if self.worst == extend.worst:
              self.worst_field = extend.worst_field
  
          self.checks.extend(extend.checks)
  
  class Field:
      macro_x_param = 'X'
      macro_a_param = 'a'
  
      def __init__(self, struct_name, desc, field_options):
          '''desc is FieldDescriptorProto'''
          self.tag = desc.number
          self.struct_name = struct_name
          self.union_name = None
          self.name = desc.name
          self.default = None
          self.max_size = None
          self.max_count = None
          self.array_decl = ""
          self.enc_size = None
          self.data_item_size = None
          self.ctype = None
          self.fixed_count = False
          self.callback_datatype = field_options.callback_datatype
          self.math_include_required = False
          self.sort_by_tag = field_options.sort_by_tag
  
          if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_INLINE:
              # Before nanopb-0.3.8, fixed length bytes arrays were specified
              # by setting type to FT_INLINE. But to handle pointer typed fields,
              # it makes sense to have it as a separate option.
              field_options.type = nanopb_pb2.FT_STATIC
              field_options.fixed_length = True
  
          # Parse field options
          if field_options.HasField("max_size"):
              self.max_size = field_options.max_size
  
          self.default_has = field_options.default_has
  
          if desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_STRING and field_options.HasField("max_length"):
              # max_length overrides max_size for strings
              self.max_size = field_options.max_length + 1
  
          if field_options.HasField("max_count"):
              self.max_count = field_options.max_count
  
          if desc.HasField('default_value'):
              self.default = desc.default_value
  
          # Check field rules, i.e. required/optional/repeated.
          can_be_static = True
          if desc.label == FieldD.LABEL_REPEATED:
              self.rules = 'REPEATED'
              if self.max_count is None:
                  can_be_static = False
              else:
                  self.array_decl = '[%d]' % self.max_count
                  if field_options.fixed_count:
                    self.rules = 'FIXARRAY'
  
          elif field_options.proto3:
              if desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_MESSAGE and not field_options.proto3_singular_msgs:
                  # In most other protobuf libraries proto3 submessages have
                  # "null" status. For nanopb, that is implemented as has_ field.
                  self.rules = 'OPTIONAL'
              elif hasattr(desc, "proto3_optional") and desc.proto3_optional:
                  # Protobuf 3.12 introduced optional fields for proto3 syntax
                  self.rules = 'OPTIONAL'
              else:
                  # Proto3 singular fields (without has_field)
                  self.rules = 'SINGULAR'
          elif desc.label == FieldD.LABEL_REQUIRED:
              self.rules = 'REQUIRED'
          elif desc.label == FieldD.LABEL_OPTIONAL:
              self.rules = 'OPTIONAL'
          else:
              raise NotImplementedError(desc.label)
  
          # Check if the field can be implemented with static allocation
          # i.e. whether the data size is known.
          if desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_STRING and self.max_size is None:
              can_be_static = False
  
          if desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_BYTES and self.max_size is None:
              can_be_static = False
  
          # Decide how the field data will be allocated
          if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_DEFAULT:
              if can_be_static:
                  field_options.type = nanopb_pb2.FT_STATIC
              else:
                  field_options.type = nanopb_pb2.FT_CALLBACK
  
          if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_STATIC and not can_be_static:
              raise Exception("Field '%s' is defined as static, but max_size or "
                              "max_count is not given." % self.name)
  
          if field_options.fixed_count and self.max_count is None:
              raise Exception("Field '%s' is defined as fixed count, "
                              "but max_count is not given." % self.name)
  
          if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_STATIC:
              self.allocation = 'STATIC'
          elif field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_POINTER:
              self.allocation = 'POINTER'
          elif field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_CALLBACK:
              self.allocation = 'CALLBACK'
          else:
              raise NotImplementedError(field_options.type)
  
          if field_options.HasField("type_override"):
              desc.type = field_options.type_override
  
          # Decide the C data type to use in the struct.
          if desc.type in datatypes:
              self.ctype, self.pbtype, self.enc_size, self.data_item_size = datatypes[desc.type]
  
              # Override the field size if user wants to use smaller integers
              if (desc.type, field_options.int_size) in datatypes:
                  self.ctype, self.pbtype, self.enc_size, self.data_item_size = datatypes[(desc.type, field_options.int_size)]
          elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_ENUM:
              self.pbtype = 'ENUM'
              self.data_item_size = 4
              self.ctype = names_from_type_name(desc.type_name)
              if self.default is not None:
                  self.default = self.ctype + self.default
              self.enc_size = None # Needs to be filled in when enum values are known
          elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_STRING:
              self.pbtype = 'STRING'
              self.ctype = 'char'
              if self.allocation == 'STATIC':
                  self.ctype = 'char'
                  self.array_decl += '[%d]' % self.max_size
                  # -1 because of null terminator. Both pb_encode and pb_decode
                  # check the presence of it.
                  self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size - 1
          elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_BYTES:
              if field_options.fixed_length:
                  self.pbtype = 'FIXED_LENGTH_BYTES'
  
                  if self.max_size is None:
                      raise Exception("Field '%s' is defined as fixed length, "
                                      "but max_size is not given." % self.name)
  
                  self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size
                  self.ctype = 'pb_byte_t'
                  self.array_decl += '[%d]' % self.max_size
              else:
                  self.pbtype = 'BYTES'
                  self.ctype = 'pb_bytes_array_t'
                  if self.allocation == 'STATIC':
                      self.ctype = self.struct_name + self.name + 't'
                      self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size
          elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_MESSAGE:
              self.pbtype = 'MESSAGE'
              self.ctype = self.submsgname = names_from_type_name(desc.type_name)
              self.enc_size = None # Needs to be filled in after the message type is available
              if field_options.submsg_callback:
                  self.pbtype = 'MSG_W_CB'
          else:
              raise NotImplementedError(desc.type)
  
          if self.default and self.pbtype in ['FLOAT', 'DOUBLE']:
              if 'inf' in self.default or 'nan' in self.default:
                  self.math_include_required = True
  
      def __lt__(self, other):
          return self.tag < other.tag
  
      def __str__(self):
          result = ''
          if self.allocation == 'POINTER':
              if self.rules == 'REPEATED':
                  if self.pbtype == 'MSG_W_CB':
                      result += '    pb_callback_t cb_' + self.name + ';\n'
                  result += '    pb_size_t ' + self.name + '_count;\n'
  
              if self.pbtype in ['MESSAGE', 'MSG_W_CB']:
                  # Use struct definition, so recursive submessages are possible
                  result += '    struct _%s *%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name)
              elif self.pbtype == 'FIXED_LENGTH_BYTES' or self.rules == 'FIXARRAY':
                  # Pointer to fixed size array
                  result += '    %s (*%s)%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name, self.array_decl)
              elif self.rules in ['REPEATED', 'FIXARRAY'] and self.pbtype in ['STRING', 'BYTES']:
                  # String/bytes arrays need to be defined as pointers to pointers
                  result += '    %s **%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name)
              else:
                  result += '    %s *%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name)
          elif self.allocation == 'CALLBACK':
              result += '    %s %s;' % (self.callback_datatype, self.name)
          else:
              if self.pbtype == 'MSG_W_CB' and self.rules in ['OPTIONAL', 'REPEATED']:
                  result += '    pb_callback_t cb_' + self.name + ';\n'
  
              if self.rules == 'OPTIONAL':
                  result += '    bool has_' + self.name + ';\n'
              elif self.rules == 'REPEATED':
                  result += '    pb_size_t ' + self.name + '_count;\n'
              result += '    %s %s%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name, self.array_decl)
          return result
  
      def types(self):
          '''Return definitions for any special types this field might need.'''
          if self.pbtype == 'BYTES' and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
              result = 'typedef PB_BYTES_ARRAY_T(%d) %s;\n' % (self.max_size, self.ctype)
          else:
              result = ''
          return result
  
      def get_dependencies(self):
          '''Get list of type names used by this field.'''
          if self.allocation == 'STATIC':
              return [str(self.ctype)]
          else:
              return []
  
      def get_initializer(self, null_init, inner_init_only = False):
          '''Return literal expression for this field's default value.
          null_init: If True, initialize to a 0 value instead of default from .proto
          inner_init_only: If True, exclude initialization for any count/has fields
          '''
  
          inner_init = None
          if self.pbtype in ['MESSAGE', 'MSG_W_CB']:
              if null_init:
                  inner_init = '%s_init_zero' % self.ctype
              else:
                  inner_init = '%s_init_default' % self.ctype
          elif self.default is None or null_init:
              if self.pbtype == 'STRING':
                  inner_init = '""'
              elif self.pbtype == 'BYTES':
                  inner_init = '{0, {0}}'
              elif self.pbtype == 'FIXED_LENGTH_BYTES':
                  inner_init = '{0}'
              elif self.pbtype in ('ENUM', 'UENUM'):
                  inner_init = '_%s_MIN' % self.ctype
              else:
                  inner_init = '0'
          else:
              if self.pbtype == 'STRING':
                  data = codecs.escape_encode(self.default.encode('utf-8'))[0]
                  inner_init = '"' + data.decode('ascii') + '"'
              elif self.pbtype == 'BYTES':
                  data = codecs.escape_decode(self.default)[0]
                  data = ["0x%02x" % c for c in bytearray(data)]
                  if len(data) == 0:
                      inner_init = '{0, {0}}'
                  else:
                      inner_init = '{%d, {%s}}' % (len(data), ','.join(data))
              elif self.pbtype == 'FIXED_LENGTH_BYTES':
                  data = codecs.escape_decode(self.default)[0]
                  data = ["0x%02x" % c for c in bytearray(data)]
                  if len(data) == 0:
                      inner_init = '{0}'
                  else:
                      inner_init = '{%s}' % ','.join(data)
              elif self.pbtype in ['FIXED32', 'UINT32']:
                  inner_init = str(self.default) + 'u'
              elif self.pbtype in ['FIXED64', 'UINT64']:
                  inner_init = str(self.default) + 'ull'
              elif self.pbtype in ['SFIXED64', 'INT64']:
                  inner_init = str(self.default) + 'll'
              elif self.pbtype in ['FLOAT', 'DOUBLE']:
                  inner_init = str(self.default)
                  if 'inf' in inner_init:
                      inner_init = inner_init.replace('inf', 'INFINITY')
                  elif 'nan' in inner_init:
                      inner_init = inner_init.replace('nan', 'NAN')
                  elif (not '.' in inner_init) and self.pbtype == 'FLOAT':
                      inner_init += '.0f'
                  elif self.pbtype == 'FLOAT':
                      inner_init += 'f'
              else:
                  inner_init = str(self.default)
  
          if inner_init_only:
              return inner_init
  
          outer_init = None
          if self.allocation == 'STATIC':
              if self.rules == 'REPEATED':
                  outer_init = '0, {' + ', '.join([inner_init] * self.max_count) + '}'
              elif self.rules == 'FIXARRAY':
                  outer_init = '{' + ', '.join([inner_init] * self.max_count) + '}'
              elif self.rules == 'OPTIONAL':
                  if null_init or not self.default_has:
                      outer_init = 'false, ' + inner_init
                  else:
                      outer_init = 'true, ' + inner_init
              else:
                  outer_init = inner_init
          elif self.allocation == 'POINTER':
              if self.rules == 'REPEATED':
                  outer_init = '0, NULL'
              else:
                  outer_init = 'NULL'
          elif self.allocation == 'CALLBACK':
              if self.pbtype == 'EXTENSION':
                  outer_init = 'NULL'
              else:
                  outer_init = '{{NULL}, NULL}'
  
          if self.pbtype == 'MSG_W_CB' and self.rules in ['REPEATED', 'OPTIONAL']:
              outer_init = '{{NULL}, NULL}, ' + outer_init
  
          return outer_init
  
      def tags(self):
          '''Return the #define for the tag number of this field.'''
          identifier = '%s_%s_tag' % (self.struct_name, self.name)
          return '#define %-40s %d\n' % (identifier, self.tag)
  
      def fieldlist(self):
          '''Return the FIELDLIST macro entry for this field.
          Format is: X(a, ATYPE, HTYPE, LTYPE, field_name, tag)
          '''
          name = self.name
  
          if self.rules == "ONEOF":
            # For oneofs, make a tuple of the union name, union member name,
            # and the name inside the parent struct.
            if not self.anonymous:
              name = '(%s,%s,%s)' % (self.union_name, self.name, self.union_name + '.' + self.name)
            else:
              name = '(%s,%s,%s)' % (self.union_name, self.name, self.name)
  
          return '%s(%s, %-9s %-9s %-9s %-16s %3d)' % (self.macro_x_param,
                                                       self.macro_a_param,
                                                       self.allocation + ',',
                                                       self.rules + ',',
                                                       self.pbtype + ',',
                                                       name + ',',
                                                       self.tag)
  
      def data_size(self, dependencies):
          '''Return estimated size of this field in the C struct.
          This is used to try to automatically pick right descriptor size.
          If the estimate is wrong, it will result in compile time error and
          user having to specify descriptor_width option.
          '''
          if self.allocation == 'POINTER' or self.pbtype == 'EXTENSION':
              size = 8
          elif self.allocation == 'CALLBACK':
              size = 16
          elif self.pbtype in ['MESSAGE', 'MSG_W_CB']:
              if str(self.submsgname) in dependencies:
                  other_dependencies = dict(x for x in dependencies.items() if x[0] != str(self.struct_name))
                  size = dependencies[str(self.submsgname)].data_size(other_dependencies)
              else:
                  size = 256 # Message is in other file, this is reasonable guess for most cases
  
              if self.pbtype == 'MSG_W_CB':
                  size += 16
          elif self.pbtype in ['STRING', 'FIXED_LENGTH_BYTES']:
              size = self.max_size
          elif self.pbtype == 'BYTES':
              size = self.max_size + 4
          elif self.data_item_size is not None:
              size = self.data_item_size
          else:
              raise Exception("Unhandled field type: %s" % self.pbtype)
  
          if self.rules in ['REPEATED', 'FIXARRAY'] and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
              size *= self.max_count
  
          if self.rules not in ('REQUIRED', 'SINGULAR'):
              size += 4
  
          if size % 4 != 0:
              # Estimate how much alignment requirements will increase the size.
              size += 4 - (size % 4)
  
          return size
  
      def encoded_size(self, dependencies):
          '''Return the maximum size that this field can take when encoded,
          including the field tag. If the size cannot be determined, returns
          None.'''
  
          if self.allocation != 'STATIC':
              return None
  
          if self.pbtype in ['MESSAGE', 'MSG_W_CB']:
              encsize = None
              if str(self.submsgname) in dependencies:
                  submsg = dependencies[str(self.submsgname)]
                  other_dependencies = dict(x for x in dependencies.items() if x[0] != str(self.struct_name))
                  encsize = submsg.encoded_size(other_dependencies)
  
                  my_msg = dependencies.get(str(self.struct_name))
                  external = (not my_msg or submsg.protofile != my_msg.protofile)
  
                  if encsize and encsize.symbols and external:
                      # Couldn't fully resolve the size of a dependency from
                      # another file. Instead of including the symbols directly,
                      # just use the #define SubMessage_size from the header.
                      encsize = None
  
                  if encsize is not None:
                      # Include submessage length prefix
                      encsize += varint_max_size(encsize.upperlimit())
                  elif not external:
                      # The dependency is from the same file and size cannot be
                      # determined for it, thus we know it will not be possible
                      # in runtime either.
                      return None
  
              if encsize is None:
                  # Submessage or its size cannot be found.
                  # This can occur if submessage is defined in different
                  # file, and it or its .options could not be found.
                  # Instead of direct numeric value, reference the size that
                  # has been #defined in the other file.
                  encsize = EncodedSize(self.submsgname + 'size')
  
                  # We will have to make a conservative assumption on the length
                  # prefix size, though.
                  encsize += 5
  
          elif self.pbtype in ['ENUM', 'UENUM']:
              if str(self.ctype) in dependencies:
                  enumtype = dependencies[str(self.ctype)]
                  encsize = enumtype.encoded_size()
              else:
                  # Conservative assumption
                  encsize = 10
  
          elif self.enc_size is None:
              raise RuntimeError("Could not determine encoded size for %s.%s"
                                 % (self.struct_name, self.name))
          else:
              encsize = EncodedSize(self.enc_size)
  
          encsize += varint_max_size(self.tag << 3) # Tag + wire type
  
          if self.rules in ['REPEATED', 'FIXARRAY']:
              # Decoders must be always able to handle unpacked arrays.
              # Therefore we have to reserve space for it, even though
              # we emit packed arrays ourselves. For length of 1, packed
              # arrays are larger however so we need to add allowance
              # for the length byte.
              encsize *= self.max_count
  
              if self.max_count == 1:
                  encsize += 1
  
          return encsize
  
      def has_callbacks(self):
          return self.allocation == 'CALLBACK'
  
      def requires_custom_field_callback(self):
          return self.allocation == 'CALLBACK' and self.callback_datatype != 'pb_callback_t'
  
  class ExtensionRange(Field):
      def __init__(self, struct_name, range_start, field_options):
          '''Implements a special pb_extension_t* field in an extensible message
          structure. The range_start signifies the index at which the extensions
          start. Not necessarily all tags above this are extensions, it is merely
          a speed optimization.
          '''
          self.tag = range_start
          self.struct_name = struct_name
          self.name = 'extensions'
          self.pbtype = 'EXTENSION'
          self.rules = 'OPTIONAL'
          self.allocation = 'CALLBACK'
          self.ctype = 'pb_extension_t'
          self.array_decl = ''
          self.default = None
          self.max_size = 0
          self.max_count = 0
          self.data_item_size = 0
          self.fixed_count = False
          self.callback_datatype = 'pb_extension_t*'
  
      def requires_custom_field_callback(self):
          return False
  
      def __str__(self):
          return '    pb_extension_t *extensions;'
  
      def types(self):
          return ''
  
      def tags(self):
          return ''
  
      def encoded_size(self, dependencies):
          # We exclude extensions from the count, because they cannot be known
          # until runtime. Other option would be to return None here, but this
          # way the value remains useful if extensions are not used.
          return EncodedSize(0)
  
  class ExtensionField(Field):
      def __init__(self, fullname, desc, field_options):
          self.fullname = fullname
          self.extendee_name = names_from_type_name(desc.extendee)
          Field.__init__(self, self.fullname + "extmsg", desc, field_options)
  
          if self.rules != 'OPTIONAL':
              self.skip = True
          else:
              self.skip = False
              self.rules = 'REQUIRED' # We don't really want the has_field for extensions
              # currently no support for comments for extension fields => provide 0, {}
              self.msg = Message(self.fullname + "extmsg", None, field_options, 0, {})
              self.msg.fields.append(self)
  
      def tags(self):
          '''Return the #define for the tag number of this field.'''
          identifier = '%s_tag' % self.fullname
          return '#define %-40s %d\n' % (identifier, self.tag)
  
      def extension_decl(self):
          '''Declaration of the extension type in the .pb.h file'''
          if self.skip:
              msg = '/* Extension field %s was skipped because only "optional"\n' % self.fullname
              msg +='   type of extension fields is currently supported. */\n'
              return msg
  
          return ('extern const pb_extension_type_t %s; /* field type: %s */\n' %
              (self.fullname, str(self).strip()))
  
      def extension_def(self, dependencies):
          '''Definition of the extension type in the .pb.c file'''
  
          if self.skip:
              return ''
  
          result = "/* Definition for extension field %s */\n" % self.fullname
          result += str(self.msg)
          result += self.msg.fields_declaration(dependencies)
          result += 'pb_byte_t %s_default[] = {0x00};\n' % self.msg.name
          result += self.msg.fields_definition(dependencies)
          result += 'const pb_extension_type_t %s = {\n' % self.fullname
          result += '    NULL,\n'
          result += '    NULL,\n'
          result += '    &%s_msg\n' % self.msg.name
          result += '};\n'
          return result
  
  
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #                   Generation of oneofs (unions)
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  class OneOf(Field):
      def __init__(self, struct_name, oneof_desc, oneof_options):
          self.struct_name = struct_name
          self.name = oneof_desc.name
          self.ctype = 'union'
          self.pbtype = 'oneof'
          self.fields = []
          self.allocation = 'ONEOF'
          self.default = None
          self.rules = 'ONEOF'
          self.anonymous = oneof_options.anonymous_oneof
          self.sort_by_tag = oneof_options.sort_by_tag
          self.has_msg_cb = False
  
      def add_field(self, field):
          field.union_name = self.name
          field.rules = 'ONEOF'
          field.anonymous = self.anonymous
          self.fields.append(field)
  
          if self.sort_by_tag:
              self.fields.sort()
  
          if field.pbtype == 'MSG_W_CB':
              self.has_msg_cb = True
  
          # Sort by the lowest tag number inside union
          self.tag = min([f.tag for f in self.fields])
  
      def __str__(self):
          result = ''
          if self.fields:
              if self.has_msg_cb:
                  result += '    pb_callback_t cb_' + self.name + ';\n'
  
              result += '    pb_size_t which_' + self.name + ";\n"
              result += '    union {\n'
              for f in self.fields:
                  result += '    ' + str(f).replace('\n', '\n    ') + '\n'
              if self.anonymous:
                  result += '    };'
              else:
                  result += '    } ' + self.name + ';'
          return result
  
      def types(self):
          return ''.join([f.types() for f in self.fields])
  
      def get_dependencies(self):
          deps = []
          for f in self.fields:
              deps += f.get_dependencies()
          return deps
  
      def get_initializer(self, null_init):
          if self.has_msg_cb:
              return '{{NULL}, NULL}, 0, {' + self.fields[0].get_initializer(null_init) + '}'
          else:
              return '0, {' + self.fields[0].get_initializer(null_init) + '}'
  
      def tags(self):
          return ''.join([f.tags() for f in self.fields])
  
      def fieldlist(self):
          return ' \\\n'.join(field.fieldlist() for field in self.fields)
  
      def data_size(self, dependencies):
          return max(f.data_size(dependencies) for f in self.fields)
  
      def encoded_size(self, dependencies):
          '''Returns the size of the largest oneof field.'''
          largest = 0
          dynamic_sizes = {}
          for f in self.fields:
              size = EncodedSize(f.encoded_size(dependencies))
              if size is None or size.value is None:
                  return None
              elif size.symbols:
                  dynamic_sizes[f.tag] = size
              elif size.value > largest:
                  largest = size.value
  
          if not dynamic_sizes:
              # Simple case, all sizes were known at generator time
              return EncodedSize(largest)
  
          if largest > 0:
              # Some sizes were known, some were not
              dynamic_sizes[0] = EncodedSize(largest)
  
          # Couldn't find size for submessage at generation time,
          # have to rely on macro resolution at compile time.
          if len(dynamic_sizes) == 1:
              # Only one symbol was needed
              return list(dynamic_sizes.values())[0]
          else:
              # Use sizeof(union{}) construct to find the maximum size of
              # submessages.
              union_name = "%s_%s_size_union" % (self.struct_name, self.name)
              union_def = 'union %s {%s};\n' % (union_name, ' '.join('char f%d[%s];' % (k, s) for k,s in dynamic_sizes.items()))
              required_defs = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(s.required_defines for k,s in dynamic_sizes.items()))
              return EncodedSize(0, ['sizeof(union %s)' % union_name], [union_def], required_defs)
  
      def has_callbacks(self):
          return bool([f for f in self.fields if f.has_callbacks()])
  
      def requires_custom_field_callback(self):
          return bool([f for f in self.fields if f.requires_custom_field_callback()])
  
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #                   Generation of messages (structures)
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  
  class Message(ProtoElement):
      def __init__(self, names, desc, message_options, index, comments):
          super(Message, self).__init__(MESSAGE_PATH, index, comments)
          self.name = names
          self.fields = []
          self.oneofs = {}
          self.desc = desc
          self.math_include_required = False
          self.packed = message_options.packed_struct
          self.descriptorsize = message_options.descriptorsize
  
          if message_options.msgid:
              self.msgid = message_options.msgid
  
          if desc is not None:
              self.load_fields(desc, message_options)
  
          self.callback_function = message_options.callback_function
          if not message_options.HasField('callback_function'):
              # Automatically assign a per-message callback if any field has
              # a special callback_datatype.
              for field in self.fields:
                  if field.requires_custom_field_callback():
                      self.callback_function = "%s_callback" % self.name
                      break
  
      def load_fields(self, desc, message_options):
          '''Load field list from DescriptorProto'''
  
          no_unions = []
  
          if hasattr(desc, 'oneof_decl'):
              for i, f in enumerate(desc.oneof_decl):
                  oneof_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(desc, message_options, self.name + f.name)
                  if oneof_options.no_unions:
                      no_unions.append(i) # No union, but add fields normally
                  elif oneof_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_IGNORE:
                      pass # No union and skip fields also
                  else:
                      oneof = OneOf(self.name, f, oneof_options)
                      self.oneofs[i] = oneof
          else:
              sys.stderr.write('Note: This Python protobuf library has no OneOf support\n')
  
          for f in desc.field:
              field_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(f, message_options, self.name + f.name)
              if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_IGNORE:
                  continue
  
              if field_options.descriptorsize > self.descriptorsize:
                  self.descriptorsize = field_options.descriptorsize
  
              field = Field(self.name, f, field_options)
              if hasattr(f, 'oneof_index') and f.HasField('oneof_index'):
                  if hasattr(f, 'proto3_optional') and f.proto3_optional:
                      no_unions.append(f.oneof_index)
  
                  if f.oneof_index in no_unions:
                      self.fields.append(field)
                  elif f.oneof_index in self.oneofs:
                      self.oneofs[f.oneof_index].add_field(field)
  
                      if self.oneofs[f.oneof_index] not in self.fields:
                          self.fields.append(self.oneofs[f.oneof_index])
              else:
                  self.fields.append(field)
  
              if field.math_include_required:
                  self.math_include_required = True
  
          if len(desc.extension_range) > 0:
              field_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(desc, message_options, self.name + 'extensions')
              range_start = min([r.start for r in desc.extension_range])
              if field_options.type != nanopb_pb2.FT_IGNORE:
                  self.fields.append(ExtensionRange(self.name, range_start, field_options))
  
          if message_options.sort_by_tag:
              self.fields.sort()
  
      def get_dependencies(self):
          '''Get list of type names that this structure refers to.'''
          deps = []
          for f in self.fields:
              deps += f.get_dependencies()
          return deps
  
      def __str__(self):
          message_path = self.element_path()
          leading_comment, trailing_comment = self.get_comments(message_path, leading_indent=False)
  
          result = ''
          if leading_comment:
              result = '%s\n' % leading_comment
  
          result += 'typedef struct _%s { %s\n' % (self.name, trailing_comment)
  
          if not self.fields:
              # Empty structs are not allowed in C standard.
              # Therefore add a dummy field if an empty message occurs.
              result += '    char dummy_field;'
  
          msg_fields = []
          for index, field in enumerate(self.fields):
              member_path = self.member_path(index)
              leading_comment, trailing_comment = self.get_comments(member_path)
  
              if leading_comment:
                  msg_fields.append(leading_comment)
  
              msg_fields.append("%s %s" % (str(field), trailing_comment))
  
          result += '\n'.join(msg_fields)
  
          if Globals.protoc_insertion_points:
              result += '\n/* @@protoc_insertion_point(struct:%s) */' % self.name
  
          result += '\n}'
  
          if self.packed:
              result += ' pb_packed'
  
          result += ' %s;' % self.name
  
          if self.packed:
              result = 'PB_PACKED_STRUCT_START\n' + result
              result += '\nPB_PACKED_STRUCT_END'
  
          return result + '\n'
  
      def types(self):
          return ''.join([f.types() for f in self.fields])
  
      def get_initializer(self, null_init):
          if not self.fields:
              return '{0}'
  
          parts = []
          for field in self.fields:
              parts.append(field.get_initializer(null_init))
          return '{' + ', '.join(parts) + '}'
  
      def count_required_fields(self):
          '''Returns number of required fields inside this message'''
          count = 0
          for f in self.fields:
              if not isinstance(f, OneOf):
                  if f.rules == 'REQUIRED':
                      count += 1
          return count
  
      def all_fields(self):
          '''Iterate over all fields in this message, including nested OneOfs.'''
          for f in self.fields:
              if isinstance(f, OneOf):
                  for f2 in f.fields:
                      yield f2
              else:
                  yield f
  
  
      def field_for_tag(self, tag):
          '''Given a tag number, return the Field instance.'''
          for field in self.all_fields():
              if field.tag == tag:
                  return field
          return None
  
      def count_all_fields(self):
          '''Count the total number of fields in this message.'''
          count = 0
          for f in self.fields:
              if isinstance(f, OneOf):
                  count += len(f.fields)
              else:
                  count += 1
          return count
  
      def fields_declaration(self, dependencies):
          '''Return X-macro declaration of all fields in this message.'''
          Field.macro_x_param = 'X'
          Field.macro_a_param = 'a'
          while any(field.name == Field.macro_x_param for field in self.all_fields()):
              Field.macro_x_param += '_'
          while any(field.name == Field.macro_a_param for field in self.all_fields()):
              Field.macro_a_param += '_'
  
          result = '#define %s_FIELDLIST(%s, %s) \\\n' % (self.name,
                                                          Field.macro_x_param,
                                                          Field.macro_a_param)
          result += ' \\\n'.join(field.fieldlist() for field in sorted(self.fields))
          result += '\n'
  
          has_callbacks = bool([f for f in self.fields if f.has_callbacks()])
          if has_callbacks:
              if self.callback_function != 'pb_default_field_callback':
                  result += "extern bool %s(pb_istream_t *istream, pb_ostream_t *ostream, const pb_field_t *field);\n" % self.callback_function
              result += "#define %s_CALLBACK %s\n" % (self.name, self.callback_function)
          else:
              result += "#define %s_CALLBACK NULL\n" % self.name
  
          defval = self.default_value(dependencies)
          if defval:
              hexcoded = ''.join("\\x%02x" % ord(defval[i:i+1]) for i in range(len(defval)))
              result += '#define %s_DEFAULT (const pb_byte_t*)"%s\\x00"\n' % (self.name, hexcoded)
          else:
              result += '#define %s_DEFAULT NULL\n' % self.name
  
          for field in sorted(self.fields):
              if field.pbtype in ['MESSAGE', 'MSG_W_CB']:
                  result += "#define %s_%s_MSGTYPE %s\n" % (self.name, field.name, field.ctype)
              elif field.rules == 'ONEOF':
                  for member in field.fields:
                      if member.pbtype in ['MESSAGE', 'MSG_W_CB']:
                          result += "#define %s_%s_%s_MSGTYPE %s\n" % (self.name, member.union_name, member.name, member.ctype)
  
          return result
  
      def fields_declaration_cpp_lookup(self):
          result = 'template <>\n'
          result += 'struct MessageDescriptor<%s> {\n' % (self.name)
          result += '    static PB_INLINE_CONSTEXPR const pb_size_t fields_array_length = %d;\n' % (self.count_all_fields())
          result += '    static inline const pb_msgdesc_t* fields() {\n'
          result += '        return &%s_msg;\n' % (self.name)
          result += '    }\n'
          result += '};'
          return result
  
      def fields_definition(self, dependencies):
          '''Return the field descriptor definition that goes in .pb.c file.'''
          width = self.required_descriptor_width(dependencies)
          if width == 1:
            width = 'AUTO'
  
          result = 'PB_BIND(%s, %s, %s)\n' % (self.name, self.name, width)
          return result
  
      def required_descriptor_width(self, dependencies):
          '''Estimate how many words are necessary for each field descriptor.'''
          if self.descriptorsize != nanopb_pb2.DS_AUTO:
              return int(self.descriptorsize)
  
          if not self.fields:
            return 1
  
          max_tag = max(field.tag for field in self.all_fields())
          max_offset = self.data_size(dependencies)
          max_arraysize = max((field.max_count or 0) for field in self.all_fields())
          max_datasize = max(field.data_size(dependencies) for field in self.all_fields())
  
          if max_arraysize > 0xFFFF:
              return 8
          elif (max_tag > 0x3FF or max_offset > 0xFFFF or
                max_arraysize > 0x0FFF or max_datasize > 0x0FFF):
              return 4
          elif max_tag > 0x3F or max_offset > 0xFF:
              return 2
          else:
              # NOTE: Macro logic in pb.h ensures that width 1 will
              # be raised to 2 automatically for string/submsg fields
              # and repeated fields. Thus only tag and offset need to
              # be checked.
              return 1
  
      def data_size(self, dependencies):
          '''Return approximate sizeof(struct) in the compiled code.'''
          return sum(f.data_size(dependencies) for f in self.fields)
  
      def encoded_size(self, dependencies):
          '''Return the maximum size that this message can take when encoded.
          If the size cannot be determined, returns None.
          '''
          size = EncodedSize(0)
          for field in self.fields:
              fsize = field.encoded_size(dependencies)
              if fsize is None:
                  return None
              size += fsize
  
          return size
  
      def default_value(self, dependencies):
          '''Generate serialized protobuf message that contains the
          default values for optional fields.'''
  
          if not self.desc:
              return b''
  
          if self.desc.options.map_entry:
              return b''
  
          optional_only = copy.deepcopy(self.desc)
  
          # Remove fields without default values
          # The iteration is done in reverse order to avoid remove() messing up iteration.
          for field in reversed(list(optional_only.field)):
              field.ClearField(str('extendee'))
              parsed_field = self.field_for_tag(field.number)
              if parsed_field is None or parsed_field.allocation != 'STATIC':
                  optional_only.field.remove(field)
              elif (field.label == FieldD.LABEL_REPEATED or
                    field.type == FieldD.TYPE_MESSAGE):
                  optional_only.field.remove(field)
              elif hasattr(field, 'oneof_index') and field.HasField('oneof_index'):
                  optional_only.field.remove(field)
              elif field.type == FieldD.TYPE_ENUM:
                  # The partial descriptor doesn't include the enum type
                  # so we fake it with int64.
                  enumname = names_from_type_name(field.type_name)
                  try:
                      enumtype = dependencies[str(enumname)]
                  except KeyError:
                      raise Exception("Could not find enum type %s while generating default values for %s.\n" % (enumname, self.name)
                                      + "Try passing all source files to generator at once, or use -I option.")
  
                  if field.HasField('default_value'):
                      defvals = [v for n,v in enumtype.values if n.parts[-1] == field.default_value]
                  else:
                      # If no default is specified, the default is the first value.
                      defvals = [v for n,v in enumtype.values]
                  if defvals and defvals[0] != 0:
                      field.type = FieldD.TYPE_INT64
                      field.default_value = str(defvals[0])
                      field.ClearField(str('type_name'))
                  else:
                      optional_only.field.remove(field)
              elif not field.HasField('default_value'):
                  optional_only.field.remove(field)
  
          if len(optional_only.field) == 0:
              return b''
  
          optional_only.ClearField(str('oneof_decl'))
          optional_only.ClearField(str('nested_type'))
          optional_only.ClearField(str('extension'))
          optional_only.ClearField(str('enum_type'))
          desc = google.protobuf.descriptor.MakeDescriptor(optional_only)
          msg = reflection.MakeClass(desc)()
  
          for field in optional_only.field:
              if field.type == FieldD.TYPE_STRING:
                  setattr(msg, field.name, field.default_value)
              elif field.type == FieldD.TYPE_BYTES:
                  setattr(msg, field.name, codecs.escape_decode(field.default_value)[0])
              elif field.type in [FieldD.TYPE_FLOAT, FieldD.TYPE_DOUBLE]:
                  setattr(msg, field.name, float(field.default_value))
              elif field.type == FieldD.TYPE_BOOL:
                  setattr(msg, field.name, field.default_value == 'true')
              else:
                  setattr(msg, field.name, int(field.default_value))
  
          return msg.SerializeToString()
  
  
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #                    Processing of entire .proto files
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  def iterate_messages(desc, flatten = False, names = Names()):
      '''Recursively find all messages. For each, yield name, DescriptorProto.'''
      if hasattr(desc, 'message_type'):
          submsgs = desc.message_type
      else:
          submsgs = desc.nested_type
  
      for submsg in submsgs:
          sub_names = names + submsg.name
          if flatten:
              yield Names(submsg.name), submsg
          else:
              yield sub_names, submsg
  
          for x in iterate_messages(submsg, flatten, sub_names):
              yield x
  
  def iterate_extensions(desc, flatten = False, names = Names()):
      '''Recursively find all extensions.
      For each, yield name, FieldDescriptorProto.
      '''
      for extension in desc.extension:
          yield names, extension
  
      for subname, subdesc in iterate_messages(desc, flatten, names):
          for extension in subdesc.extension:
              yield subname, extension
  
  def toposort2(data):
      '''Topological sort.
      From http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577413-topological-sort/
      This function is under the MIT license.
      '''
      for k, v in list(data.items()):
          v.discard(k) # Ignore self dependencies
      extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, list(data.values()), set()) - set(data.keys())
      data.update(dict([(item, set()) for item in extra_items_in_deps]))
      while True:
          ordered = set(item for item,dep in list(data.items()) if not dep)
          if not ordered:
              break
          for item in sorted(ordered):
              yield item
          data = dict([(item, (dep - ordered)) for item,dep in list(data.items())
                  if item not in ordered])
      assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data
  
  def sort_dependencies(messages):
      '''Sort a list of Messages based on dependencies.'''
      dependencies = {}
      message_by_name = {}
      for message in messages:
          dependencies[str(message.name)] = set(message.get_dependencies())
          message_by_name[str(message.name)] = message
  
      for msgname in toposort2(dependencies):
          if msgname in message_by_name:
              yield message_by_name[msgname]
  
  def make_identifier(headername):
      '''Make #ifndef identifier that contains uppercase A-Z and digits 0-9'''
      result = ""
      for c in headername.upper():
          if c.isalnum():
              result += c
          else:
              result += '_'
      return result
  
  class ProtoFile:
      def __init__(self, fdesc, file_options):
          '''Takes a FileDescriptorProto and parses it.'''
          self.fdesc = fdesc
          self.file_options = file_options
          self.dependencies = {}
          self.math_include_required = False
          self.parse()
          for message in self.messages:
              if message.math_include_required:
                  self.math_include_required = True
                  break
  
          # Some of types used in this file probably come from the file itself.
          # Thus it has implicit dependency on itself.
          self.add_dependency(self)
  
      def parse(self):
          self.enums = []
          self.messages = []
          self.extensions = []
  
          mangle_names = self.file_options.mangle_names
          flatten = mangle_names == nanopb_pb2.M_FLATTEN
          strip_prefix = None
          replacement_prefix = None
          if mangle_names == nanopb_pb2.M_STRIP_PACKAGE:
              strip_prefix = "." + self.fdesc.package
          elif mangle_names == nanopb_pb2.M_PACKAGE_INITIALS:
              strip_prefix = "." + self.fdesc.package
              replacement_prefix = ""
              for part in self.fdesc.package.split("."):
                  replacement_prefix += part[0]
          elif self.file_options.package:
              strip_prefix = "." + self.fdesc.package
              replacement_prefix = self.file_options.package
  
  
          def create_name(names):
              if mangle_names in (nanopb_pb2.M_NONE, nanopb_pb2.M_PACKAGE_INITIALS):
                  return base_name + names
              if mangle_names == nanopb_pb2.M_STRIP_PACKAGE:
                  return Names(names)
              single_name = names
              if isinstance(names, Names):
                  single_name = names.parts[-1]
              return Names(single_name)
  
          def mangle_field_typename(typename):
              if mangle_names == nanopb_pb2.M_FLATTEN:
                  return "." + typename.split(".")[-1]
              if strip_prefix is not None and typename.startswith(strip_prefix):
                  if replacement_prefix is not None:
                      return "." + replacement_prefix + typename[len(strip_prefix):]
                  else:
                      return typename[len(strip_prefix):]
              if self.file_options.package:
                  return "." + replacement_prefix + typename
              return typename
  
          if replacement_prefix is not None:
              base_name = Names(replacement_prefix.split('.'))
          elif self.fdesc.package:
              base_name = Names(self.fdesc.package.split('.'))
          else:
              base_name = Names()
  
          # process source code comment locations
          # ignores any locations that do not contain any comment information
          self.comment_locations = {
              str(list(location.path)): location
              for location in self.fdesc.source_code_info.location
              if location.leading_comments or location.leading_detached_comments or location.trailing_comments
          }
  
          for index, enum in enumerate(self.fdesc.enum_type):
              name = create_name(enum.name)
              enum_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(enum, self.file_options, name)
              self.enums.append(Enum(name, enum, enum_options, index, self.comment_locations))
  
          for index, (names, message) in enumerate(iterate_messages(self.fdesc, flatten)):
              name = create_name(names)
              message_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(message, self.file_options, name)
  
              if message_options.skip_message:
                  continue
  
              message = copy.deepcopy(message)
              for field in message.field:
                  if field.type in (FieldD.TYPE_MESSAGE, FieldD.TYPE_ENUM):
                      field.type_name = mangle_field_typename(field.type_name)
  
              self.messages.append(Message(name, message, message_options, index, self.comment_locations))
              for index, enum in enumerate(message.enum_type):
                  name = create_name(names + enum.name)
                  enum_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(enum, message_options, name)
                  self.enums.append(Enum(name, enum, enum_options, index, self.comment_locations))
  
          for names, extension in iterate_extensions(self.fdesc, flatten):
              name = create_name(names + extension.name)
              field_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(extension, self.file_options, name)
  
              extension = copy.deepcopy(extension)
              if extension.type in (FieldD.TYPE_MESSAGE, FieldD.TYPE_ENUM):
                  extension.type_name = mangle_field_typename(extension.type_name)
  
              if field_options.type != nanopb_pb2.FT_IGNORE:
                  self.extensions.append(ExtensionField(name, extension, field_options))
  
      def add_dependency(self, other):
          for enum in other.enums:
              self.dependencies[str(enum.names)] = enum
              enum.protofile = other
  
          for msg in other.messages:
              self.dependencies[str(msg.name)] = msg
              msg.protofile = other
  
          # Fix field default values where enum short names are used.
          for enum in other.enums:
              if not enum.options.long_names:
                  for message in self.messages:
                      for field in message.all_fields():
                          if field.default in enum.value_longnames:
                              idx = enum.value_longnames.index(field.default)
                              field.default = enum.values[idx][0]
  
          # Fix field data types where enums have negative values.
          for enum in other.enums:
              if not enum.has_negative():
                  for message in self.messages:
                      for field in message.all_fields():
                          if field.pbtype == 'ENUM' and field.ctype == enum.names:
                              field.pbtype = 'UENUM'
  
      def generate_header(self, includes, headername, options):
          '''Generate content for a header file.
          Generates strings, which should be concatenated and stored to file.
          '''
  
          yield '/* Automatically generated nanopb header */\n'
          if options.notimestamp:
              yield '/* Generated by %s */\n\n' % (nanopb_version)
          else:
              yield '/* Generated by %s at %s. */\n\n' % (nanopb_version, time.asctime())
  
          if self.fdesc.package:
              symbol = make_identifier(self.fdesc.package + '_' + headername)
          else:
              symbol = make_identifier(headername)
          yield '#ifndef PB_%s_INCLUDED\n' % symbol
          yield '#define PB_%s_INCLUDED\n' % symbol
          if self.math_include_required:
              yield '#include <math.h>\n'
          try:
              yield options.libformat % ('pb.h')
          except TypeError:
              # no %s specified - use whatever was passed in as options.libformat
              yield options.libformat
          yield '\n'
  
          for incfile in self.file_options.include:
              # allow including system headers
              if (incfile.startswith('<')):
                  yield '#include %s\n' % incfile
              else:
                  yield options.genformat % incfile
                  yield '\n'
  
          for incfile in includes:
              noext = os.path.splitext(incfile)[0]
              yield options.genformat % (noext + options.extension + options.header_extension)
              yield '\n'
  
          if Globals.protoc_insertion_points:
              yield '/* @@protoc_insertion_point(includes) */\n'
  
          yield '\n'
  
          yield '#if PB_PROTO_HEADER_VERSION != 40\n'
          yield '#error Regenerate this file with the current version of nanopb generator.\n'
          yield '#endif\n'
          yield '\n'
  
          if self.enums:
              yield '/* Enum definitions */\n'
              for enum in self.enums:
                  yield str(enum) + '\n\n'
  
          if self.messages:
              yield '/* Struct definitions */\n'
              for msg in sort_dependencies(self.messages):
                  yield msg.types()
                  yield str(msg) + '\n'
              yield '\n'
  
          if self.extensions:
              yield '/* Extensions */\n'
              for extension in self.extensions:
                  yield extension.extension_decl()
              yield '\n'
  
          if self.enums:
                  yield '/* Helper constants for enums */\n'
                  for enum in self.enums:
                      yield enum.auxiliary_defines() + '\n'
                  yield '\n'
  
          yield '#ifdef __cplusplus\n'
          yield 'extern "C" {\n'
          yield '#endif\n\n'
  
          if self.messages:
              yield '/* Initializer values for message structs */\n'
              for msg in self.messages:
                  identifier = '%s_init_default' % msg.name
                  yield '#define %-40s %s\n' % (identifier, msg.get_initializer(False))
              for msg in self.messages:
                  identifier = '%s_init_zero' % msg.name
                  yield '#define %-40s %s\n' % (identifier, msg.get_initializer(True))
              yield '\n'
  
              yield '/* Field tags (for use in manual encoding/decoding) */\n'
              for msg in sort_dependencies(self.messages):
                  for field in msg.fields:
                      yield field.tags()
              for extension in self.extensions:
                  yield extension.tags()
              yield '\n'
  
              yield '/* Struct field encoding specification for nanopb */\n'
              for msg in self.messages:
                  yield msg.fields_declaration(self.dependencies) + '\n'
              for msg in self.messages:
                  yield 'extern const pb_msgdesc_t %s_msg;\n' % msg.name
              yield '\n'
  
              yield '/* Defines for backwards compatibility with code written before nanopb-0.4.0 */\n'
              for msg in self.messages:
                yield '#define %s_fields &%s_msg\n' % (msg.name, msg.name)
              yield '\n'
  
              yield '/* Maximum encoded size of messages (where known) */\n'
              messagesizes = []
              for msg in self.messages:
                  identifier = '%s_size' % msg.name
                  messagesizes.append((identifier, msg.encoded_size(self.dependencies)))
  
              # If we require a symbol from another file, put a preprocessor if statement
              # around it to prevent compilation errors if the symbol is not actually available.
              local_defines = [identifier for identifier, msize in messagesizes if msize is not None]
              for identifier, msize in messagesizes:
                  if msize is not None:
                      cpp_guard = msize.get_cpp_guard(local_defines)
                      yield cpp_guard
                      yield msize.get_declarations()
                      yield '#define %-40s %s\n' % (identifier, msize)
                      if cpp_guard: yield "#endif\n"
                  else:
                      yield '/* %s depends on runtime parameters */\n' % identifier
              yield '\n'
  
              if [msg for msg in self.messages if hasattr(msg,'msgid')]:
                yield '/* Message IDs (where set with "msgid" option) */\n'
                for msg in self.messages:
                    if hasattr(msg,'msgid'):
                        yield '#define PB_MSG_%d %s\n' % (msg.msgid, msg.name)
                yield '\n'
  
                symbol = make_identifier(headername.split('.')[0])
                yield '#define %s_MESSAGES \\\n' % symbol
  
                for msg in self.messages:
                    m = "-1"
                    msize = msg.encoded_size(self.dependencies)
                    if msize is not None:
                        m = msize
                    if hasattr(msg,'msgid'):
                        yield '\tPB_MSG(%d,%s,%s) \\\n' % (msg.msgid, m, msg.name)
                yield '\n'
  
                for msg in self.messages:
                    if hasattr(msg,'msgid'):
                        yield '#define %s_msgid %d\n' % (msg.name, msg.msgid)
                yield '\n'
  
          yield '#ifdef __cplusplus\n'
          yield '} /* extern "C" */\n'
          yield '#endif\n'
  
          if options.cpp_descriptors:
              yield '\n'
              yield '#ifdef __cplusplus\n'
              yield '/* Message descriptors for nanopb */\n'
              yield 'namespace nanopb {\n'
              for msg in self.messages:
                  yield msg.fields_declaration_cpp_lookup() + '\n'
              yield '}  // namespace nanopb\n'
              yield '\n'
              yield '#endif  /* __cplusplus */\n'
              yield '\n'
  
          if Globals.protoc_insertion_points:
              yield '/* @@protoc_insertion_point(eof) */\n'
  
          # End of header
          yield '\n#endif\n'
  
      def generate_source(self, headername, options):
          '''Generate content for a source file.'''
  
          yield '/* Automatically generated nanopb constant definitions */\n'
          if options.notimestamp:
              yield '/* Generated by %s */\n\n' % (nanopb_version)
          else:
              yield '/* Generated by %s at %s. */\n\n' % (nanopb_version, time.asctime())
          yield options.genformat % (headername)
          yield '\n'
  
          if Globals.protoc_insertion_points:
              yield '/* @@protoc_insertion_point(includes) */\n'
  
          yield '#if PB_PROTO_HEADER_VERSION != 40\n'
          yield '#error Regenerate this file with the current version of nanopb generator.\n'
          yield '#endif\n'
          yield '\n'
  
          for msg in self.messages:
              yield msg.fields_definition(self.dependencies) + '\n\n'
  
          for ext in self.extensions:
              yield ext.extension_def(self.dependencies) + '\n'
  
          for enum in self.enums:
              yield enum.enum_to_string_definition() + '\n'
  
          # Add checks for numeric limits
          if self.messages:
              largest_msg = max(self.messages, key = lambda m: m.count_required_fields())
              largest_count = largest_msg.count_required_fields()
              if largest_count > 64:
                  yield '\n/* Check that missing required fields will be properly detected */\n'
                  yield '#if PB_MAX_REQUIRED_FIELDS < %d\n' % largest_count
                  yield '#error Properly detecting missing required fields in %s requires \\\n' % largest_msg.name
                  yield '       setting PB_MAX_REQUIRED_FIELDS to %d or more.\n' % largest_count
                  yield '#endif\n'
  
          # Add check for sizeof(double)
          has_double = False
          for msg in self.messages:
              for field in msg.all_fields():
                  if field.ctype == 'double':
                      has_double = True
  
          if has_double:
              yield '\n'
              yield '#ifndef PB_CONVERT_DOUBLE_FLOAT\n'
              yield '/* On some platforms (such as AVR), double is really float.\n'
              yield ' * To be able to encode/decode double on these platforms, you need.\n'
              yield ' * to define PB_CONVERT_DOUBLE_FLOAT in pb.h or compiler command line.\n'
              yield ' */\n'
              yield 'PB_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(double) == 8, DOUBLE_MUST_BE_8_BYTES)\n'
              yield '#endif\n'
  
          yield '\n'
  
          if Globals.protoc_insertion_points:
              yield '/* @@protoc_insertion_point(eof) */\n'
  
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #                    Options parsing for the .proto files
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  from fnmatch import fnmatchcase
  
  def read_options_file(infile):
      '''Parse a separate options file to list:
          [(namemask, options), ...]
      '''
      results = []
      data = infile.read()
      data = re.sub(r'/\*.*?\*/', '', data, flags = re.MULTILINE)
      data = re.sub(r'//.*?$', '', data, flags = re.MULTILINE)
      data = re.sub(r'#.*?$', '', data, flags = re.MULTILINE)
      for i, line in enumerate(data.split('\n')):
          line = line.strip()
          if not line:
              continue
  
          parts = line.split(None, 1)
  
          if len(parts) < 2:
              sys.stderr.write("%s:%d: " % (infile.name, i + 1) +
                               "Option lines should have space between field name and options. " +
                               "Skipping line: '%s'\n" % line)
              sys.exit(1)
  
          opts = nanopb_pb2.NanoPBOptions()
  
          try:
              text_format.Merge(parts[1], opts)
          except Exception as e:
              sys.stderr.write("%s:%d: " % (infile.name, i + 1) +
                               "Unparseable option line: '%s'. " % line +
                               "Error: %s\n" % str(e))
              sys.exit(1)
          results.append((parts[0], opts))
  
      return results
  
  def get_nanopb_suboptions(subdesc, options, name):
      '''Get copy of options, and merge information from subdesc.'''
      new_options = nanopb_pb2.NanoPBOptions()
      new_options.CopyFrom(options)
  
      if hasattr(subdesc, 'syntax') and subdesc.syntax == "proto3":
          new_options.proto3 = True
  
      # Handle options defined in a separate file
      dotname = '.'.join(name.parts)
      for namemask, options in Globals.separate_options:
          if fnmatchcase(dotname, namemask):
              Globals.matched_namemasks.add(namemask)
              new_options.MergeFrom(options)
  
      # Handle options defined in .proto
      if isinstance(subdesc.options, descriptor.FieldOptions):
          ext_type = nanopb_pb2.nanopb
      elif isinstance(subdesc.options, descriptor.FileOptions):
          ext_type = nanopb_pb2.nanopb_fileopt
      elif isinstance(subdesc.options, descriptor.MessageOptions):
          ext_type = nanopb_pb2.nanopb_msgopt
      elif isinstance(subdesc.options, descriptor.EnumOptions):
          ext_type = nanopb_pb2.nanopb_enumopt
      else:
          raise Exception("Unknown options type")
  
      if subdesc.options.HasExtension(ext_type):
          ext = subdesc.options.Extensions[ext_type]
          new_options.MergeFrom(ext)
  
      if Globals.verbose_options:
          sys.stderr.write("Options for " + dotname + ": ")
          sys.stderr.write(text_format.MessageToString(new_options) + "\n")
  
      return new_options
  
  
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #                         Command line interface
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  import sys
  import os.path
  from optparse import OptionParser
  
  optparser = OptionParser(
      usage = "Usage: nanopb_generator.py [options] file.pb ...",
      epilog = "Compile file.pb from file.proto by: 'protoc -ofile.pb file.proto'. " +
               "Output will be written to file.pb.h and file.pb.c.")
  optparser.add_option("--version", dest="version", action="store_true",
      help="Show version info and exit")
  optparser.add_option("-x", dest="exclude", metavar="FILE", action="append", default=[],
      help="Exclude file from generated #include list.")
  optparser.add_option("-e", "--extension", dest="extension", metavar="EXTENSION", default=".pb",
      help="Set extension to use instead of '.pb' for generated files. [default: %default]")
  optparser.add_option("-H", "--header-extension", dest="header_extension", metavar="EXTENSION", default=".h",
      help="Set extension to use for generated header files. [default: %default]")
  optparser.add_option("-S", "--source-extension", dest="source_extension", metavar="EXTENSION", default=".c",
      help="Set extension to use for generated source files. [default: %default]")
  optparser.add_option("-f", "--options-file", dest="options_file", metavar="FILE", default="%s.options",
      help="Set name of a separate generator options file.")
  optparser.add_option("-I", "--options-path", dest="options_path", metavar="DIR",
      action="append", default = [],
      help="Search for .options files additionally in this path")
  optparser.add_option("--error-on-unmatched", dest="error_on_unmatched", action="store_true", default=False,
                       help ="Stop generation if there are unmatched fields in options file")
  optparser.add_option("--no-error-on-unmatched", dest="error_on_unmatched", action="store_false", default=False,
                       help ="Continue generation if there are unmatched fields in options file (default)")
  optparser.add_option("-D", "--output-dir", dest="output_dir",
                       metavar="OUTPUTDIR", default=None,
                       help="Output directory of .pb.h and .pb.c files")
  optparser.add_option("-Q", "--generated-include-format", dest="genformat",
      metavar="FORMAT", default='#include "%s"',
      help="Set format string to use for including other .pb.h files. [default: %default]")
  optparser.add_option("-L", "--library-include-format", dest="libformat",
      metavar="FORMAT", default='#include <%s>',
      help="Set format string to use for including the nanopb pb.h header. [default: %default]")
  optparser.add_option("--strip-path", dest="strip_path", action="store_true", default=False,
      help="Strip directory path from #included .pb.h file name")
  optparser.add_option("--no-strip-path", dest="strip_path", action="store_false",
      help="Opposite of --strip-path (default since 0.4.0)")
  optparser.add_option("--cpp-descriptors", action="store_true",
      help="Generate C++ descriptors to lookup by type (e.g. pb_field_t for a message)")
  optparser.add_option("-T", "--no-timestamp", dest="notimestamp", action="store_true", default=True,
      help="Don't add timestamp to .pb.h and .pb.c preambles (default since 0.4.0)")
  optparser.add_option("-t", "--timestamp", dest="notimestamp", action="store_false", default=True,
      help="Add timestamp to .pb.h and .pb.c preambles")
  optparser.add_option("-q", "--quiet", dest="quiet", action="store_true", default=False,
      help="Don't print anything except errors.")
  optparser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true", default=False,
      help="Print more information.")
  optparser.add_option("-s", dest="settings", metavar="OPTION:VALUE", action="append", default=[],
      help="Set generator option (max_size, max_count etc.).")
  optparser.add_option("--protoc-insertion-points", dest="protoc_insertion_points", action="store_true", default=False,
                       help="Include insertion point comments in output for use by custom protoc plugins")
  
  def parse_file(filename, fdesc, options):
      '''Parse a single file. Returns a ProtoFile instance.'''
      toplevel_options = nanopb_pb2.NanoPBOptions()
      for s in options.settings:
          text_format.Merge(s, toplevel_options)
  
      if not fdesc:
          data = open(filename, 'rb').read()
          fdesc = descriptor.FileDescriptorSet.FromString(data).file[0]
  
      # Check if there is a separate .options file
      had_abspath = False
      try:
          optfilename = options.options_file % os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
      except TypeError:
          # No %s specified, use the filename as-is
          optfilename = options.options_file
          had_abspath = True
  
      paths = ['.'] + options.options_path
      for p in paths:
          if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(p, optfilename)):
              optfilename = os.path.join(p, optfilename)
              if options.verbose:
                  sys.stderr.write('Reading options from ' + optfilename + '\n')
              Globals.separate_options = read_options_file(open(optfilename, openmode_unicode))
              break
      else:
          # If we are given a full filename and it does not exist, give an error.
          # However, don't give error when we automatically look for .options file
          # with the same name as .proto.
          if options.verbose or had_abspath:
              sys.stderr.write('Options file not found: ' + optfilename + '\n')
          Globals.separate_options = []
  
      Globals.matched_namemasks = set()
      Globals.protoc_insertion_points = options.protoc_insertion_points
  
      # Parse the file
      file_options = get_nanopb_suboptions(fdesc, toplevel_options, Names([filename]))
      f = ProtoFile(fdesc, file_options)
      f.optfilename = optfilename
  
      return f
  
  def process_file(filename, fdesc, options, other_files = {}):
      '''Process a single file.
      filename: The full path to the .proto or .pb source file, as string.
      fdesc: The loaded FileDescriptorSet, or None to read from the input file.
      options: Command line options as they come from OptionsParser.
  
      Returns a dict:
          {'headername': Name of header file,
           'headerdata': Data for the .h header file,
           'sourcename': Name of the source code file,
           'sourcedata': Data for the .c source code file
          }
      '''
      f = parse_file(filename, fdesc, options)
  
      # Check the list of dependencies, and if they are available in other_files,
      # add them to be considered for import resolving. Recursively add any files
      # imported by the dependencies.
      deps = list(f.fdesc.dependency)
      while deps:
          dep = deps.pop(0)
          if dep in other_files:
              f.add_dependency(other_files[dep])
              deps += list(other_files[dep].fdesc.dependency)
  
      # Decide the file names
      noext = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
      headername = noext + options.extension + options.header_extension
      sourcename = noext + options.extension + options.source_extension
  
      if options.strip_path:
          headerbasename = os.path.basename(headername)
      else:
          headerbasename = headername
  
      # List of .proto files that should not be included in the C header file
      # even if they are mentioned in the source .proto.
      excludes = ['nanopb.proto', 'google/protobuf/descriptor.proto'] + options.exclude + list(f.file_options.exclude)
      includes = [d for d in f.fdesc.dependency if d not in excludes]
  
      headerdata = ''.join(f.generate_header(includes, headerbasename, options))
      sourcedata = ''.join(f.generate_source(headerbasename, options))
  
      # Check if there were any lines in .options that did not match a member
      unmatched = [n for n,o in Globals.separate_options if n not in Globals.matched_namemasks]
      if unmatched:
          if options.error_on_unmatched:
              raise Exception("Following patterns in " + f.optfilename + " did not match any fields: "
                              + ', '.join(unmatched));
          elif not options.quiet:
              sys.stderr.write("Following patterns in " + f.optfilename + " did not match any fields: "
                              + ', '.join(unmatched) + "\n")
  
          if not Globals.verbose_options:
              sys.stderr.write("Use  protoc --nanopb-out=-v:.   to see a list of the field names.\n")
  
      return {'headername': headername, 'headerdata': headerdata,
              'sourcename': sourcename, 'sourcedata': sourcedata}
  
  def main_cli():
      '''Main function when invoked directly from the command line.'''
  
      options, filenames = optparser.parse_args()
  
      if options.version:
          print(nanopb_version)
          sys.exit(0)
  
      if not filenames:
          optparser.print_help()
          sys.exit(1)
  
      if options.quiet:
          options.verbose = False
  
      if options.output_dir and not os.path.exists(options.output_dir):
          optparser.print_help()
          sys.stderr.write("\noutput_dir does not exist: %s\n" % options.output_dir)
          sys.exit(1)
  
      if options.verbose:
          sys.stderr.write("Nanopb version %s\n" % nanopb_version)
          sys.stderr.write('Google Python protobuf library imported from %s, version %s\n'
                           % (google.protobuf.__file__, google.protobuf.__version__))
  
      # Load .pb files into memory and compile any .proto files.
      fdescs = {}
      include_path = ['-I%s' % p for p in options.options_path]
      for filename in filenames:
          if filename.endswith(".proto"):
              with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
                  tmpname = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.path.basename(filename) + ".pb")
                  status = invoke_protoc(["protoc"] + include_path + ['--include_imports', '--include_source_info', '-o' + tmpname, filename])
                  if status != 0: sys.exit(status)
                  data = open(tmpname, 'rb').read()
          else:
              data = open(filename, 'rb').read()
  
          fdesc = descriptor.FileDescriptorSet.FromString(data).file[-1]
          fdescs[fdesc.name] = fdesc
  
      # Process any include files first, in order to have them
      # available as dependencies
      other_files = {}
      for fdesc in fdescs.values():
          other_files[fdesc.name] = parse_file(fdesc.name, fdesc, options)
  
      # Then generate the headers / sources
      Globals.verbose_options = options.verbose
      for fdesc in fdescs.values():
          results = process_file(fdesc.name, fdesc, options, other_files)
  
          base_dir = options.output_dir or ''
          to_write = [
              (os.path.join(base_dir, results['headername']), results['headerdata']),
              (os.path.join(base_dir, results['sourcename']), results['sourcedata']),
          ]
  
          if not options.quiet:
              paths = " and ".join([x[0] for x in to_write])
              sys.stderr.write("Writing to %s\n" % paths)
  
          for path, data in to_write:
              dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
              if dirname and not os.path.exists(dirname):
                  os.makedirs(dirname)
  
              with open(path, 'w') as f:
                  f.write(data)
  
  def main_plugin():
      '''Main function when invoked as a protoc plugin.'''
  
      import io, sys
      if sys.platform == "win32":
          import os, msvcrt
          # Set stdin and stdout to binary mode
          msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdin.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
          msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
  
      data = io.open(sys.stdin.fileno(), "rb").read()
  
      request = plugin_pb2.CodeGeneratorRequest.FromString(data)
  
      try:
          # Versions of Python prior to 2.7.3 do not support unicode
          # input to shlex.split(). Try to convert to str if possible.
          params = str(request.parameter)
      except UnicodeEncodeError:
          params = request.parameter
  
      import shlex
      args = shlex.split(params)
  
      if len(args) == 1 and ',' in args[0]:
          # For compatibility with other protoc plugins, support options
          # separated by comma.
          lex = shlex.shlex(params)
          lex.whitespace_split = True
          lex.whitespace = ','
          lex.commenters = ''
          args = list(lex)
  
      optparser.usage = "Usage: protoc --nanopb_out=[options][,more_options]:outdir file.proto"
      optparser.epilog = "Output will be written to file.pb.h and file.pb.c."
  
      if '-h' in args or '--help' in args:
          # By default optparser prints help to stdout, which doesn't work for
          # protoc plugins.
          optparser.print_help(sys.stderr)
          sys.exit(1)
  
      options, dummy = optparser.parse_args(args)
  
      if options.version:
          sys.stderr.write('%s\n' % (nanopb_version))
          sys.exit(0)
  
      Globals.verbose_options = options.verbose
  
      if options.verbose:
          sys.stderr.write("Nanopb version %s\n" % nanopb_version)
          sys.stderr.write('Google Python protobuf library imported from %s, version %s\n'
                           % (google.protobuf.__file__, google.protobuf.__version__))
  
      response = plugin_pb2.CodeGeneratorResponse()
  
      # Google's protoc does not currently indicate the full path of proto files.
      # Instead always add the main file path to the search dirs, that works for
      # the common case.
      import os.path
      options.options_path.append(os.path.dirname(request.file_to_generate[0]))
  
      # Process any include files first, in order to have them
      # available as dependencies
      other_files = {}
      for fdesc in request.proto_file:
          other_files[fdesc.name] = parse_file(fdesc.name, fdesc, options)
  
      for filename in request.file_to_generate:
          for fdesc in request.proto_file:
              if fdesc.name == filename:
                  results = process_file(filename, fdesc, options, other_files)
  
                  f = response.file.add()
                  f.name = results['headername']
                  f.content = results['headerdata']
  
                  f = response.file.add()
                  f.name = results['sourcename']
                  f.content = results['sourcedata']
  
      if hasattr(plugin_pb2.CodeGeneratorResponse, "FEATURE_PROTO3_OPTIONAL"):
          response.supported_features = plugin_pb2.CodeGeneratorResponse.FEATURE_PROTO3_OPTIONAL
  
      io.open(sys.stdout.fileno(), "wb").write(response.SerializeToString())
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      # Check if we are running as a plugin under protoc
      if 'protoc-gen-' in sys.argv[0] or '--protoc-plugin' in sys.argv:
          main_plugin()
      else:
          main_cli()
  