text: #!/usr/bin/env python
  
  '''
  Python unit testing framework, based on Erich Gamma's JUnit and Kent Beck's
  Smalltalk testing framework.
  
  This module contains the core framework classes that form the basis of
  specific test cases and suites (TestCase, TestSuite etc.), and also a
  text-based utility class for running the tests and reporting the results
   (TextTestRunner).
  
  Simple usage:
  
      import unittest
  
      class IntegerArithmenticTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
          def testAdd(self):  ## test method names begin 'test*'
              self.assertEquals((1 + 2), 3)
              self.assertEquals(0 + 1, 1)
          def testMultiply(self):
              self.assertEquals((0 * 10), 0)
              self.assertEquals((5 * 8), 40)
  
      if __name__ == '__main__':
          unittest.main()
  
  Further information is available in the bundled documentation, and from
  
    http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/
  
  Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Steve Purcell
  This module is free software, and you may redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the same terms as Python itself, so long as this copyright message
  and disclaimer are retained in their original form.
  
  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF
  THIS CODE, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
  DAMAGE.
  
  THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
  PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE CODE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,
  AND THERE IS NO OBLIGATION WHATSOEVER TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE,
  SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
  '''
  
  __author__ = "Steve Purcell"
  __email__ = "stephen_purcell at yahoo dot com"
  __version__ = "#Revision: 1.63 $"[11:-2]
  
  import time
  import sys
  import traceback
  import os
  import types
  
  try:
      cmp
  except NameError:
      def cmp(x, y):
          """Return -1 if x < y, 0 if x == y and 1 if x > y"""
          return (x > y) - (x < y)
      cmp = staticmethod(cmp)
  
  try:
      types.ClassType
  except AttributeError:
      class_types = (type,)
  else:
      class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
  
  try:
      callable
  except NameError:
      def callable(o):
          try:
              o.__call__
          except AttributeError:
              return False
          return True
  
  try:
      basestring
  except NameError:
      basestring = str
  
  def geterror():
      return sys.exc_info()[1]
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Exported classes and functions
  ##############################################################################
  __all__ = ['TestResult', 'TestCase', 'TestSuite', 'TextTestRunner',
             'TestLoader', 'FunctionTestCase', 'main', 'defaultTestLoader']
  
  # Expose obsolete functions for backwards compatibility
  __all__.extend(['getTestCaseNames', 'makeSuite', 'findTestCases'])
  
  
  
  
  def _sort_using_key(seq, key_func):
      deco = [ (key_func(word), i, word) for i, word in enumerate(seq) ]
      deco.sort()
      new_words = [ word for _, _, word in deco ]
      return new_words
  
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Backward compatibility
  ##############################################################################
  #if sys.version_info[:2] < (2, 2):
  #    False, True = 0, 1
  #    def isinstance(obj, clsinfo):
  #        import __builtin__
  #        if type(clsinfo) in (tuple, list):
  #            for cls in clsinfo:
  #                if cls is type: cls = types.ClassType
  #                if __builtin__.isinstance(obj, cls):
  #                    return 1
  #            return 0
  #        else: return __builtin__.isinstance(obj, clsinfo)
  
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Test framework core
  ##############################################################################
  
  # All classes defined herein are 'new-style' classes, allowing use of 'super()'
  __metaclass__ = type
  
  def _strclass(cls):
      return "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
  
  __unittest = 1
  
  class TestResult:
      """Holder for test result information.
  
      Test results are automatically managed by the TestCase and TestSuite
      classes, and do not need to be explicitly manipulated by writers of tests.
  
      Each instance holds the total number of tests run, and collections of
      failures and errors that occurred among those test runs. The collections
      contain tuples of (testcase, exceptioninfo), where exceptioninfo is the
      formatted traceback of the error that occurred.
      """
      def __init__(self):
          self.failures = []
          self.errors = []
          self.testsRun = 0
          self.shouldStop = 0
  
      def startTest(self, test):
          "Called when the given test is about to be run"
          self.testsRun = self.testsRun + 1
  
      def stopTest(self, test):
          "Called when the given test has been run"
          pass
  
      def addError(self, test, err):
          """Called when an error has occurred. 'err' is a tuple of values as
          returned by sys.exc_info().
          """
          self.errors.append((test, self._exc_info_to_string(err, test)))
  
      def addFailure(self, test, err):
          """Called when an error has occurred. 'err' is a tuple of values as
          returned by sys.exc_info()."""
          self.failures.append((test, self._exc_info_to_string(err, test)))
  
      def addSuccess(self, test):
          "Called when a test has completed successfully"
          pass
  
      def wasSuccessful(self):
          "Tells whether or not this result was a success"
          return len(self.failures) == len(self.errors) == 0
  
      def stop(self):
          "Indicates that the tests should be aborted"
          self.shouldStop = True
  
      def _exc_info_to_string(self, err, test):
          """Converts a sys.exc_info()-style tuple of values into a string."""
          exctype, value, tb = err
          # Skip test runner traceback levels
          while tb and self._is_relevant_tb_level(tb):
              tb = tb.tb_next
          if exctype is test.failureException:
              # Skip assert*() traceback levels
              length = self._count_relevant_tb_levels(tb)
              return ''.join(traceback.format_exception(exctype, value, tb, length))
          return ''.join(traceback.format_exception(exctype, value, tb))
  
      def _is_relevant_tb_level(self, tb):
          return '__unittest' in tb.tb_frame.f_globals
  
      def _count_relevant_tb_levels(self, tb):
          length = 0
          while tb and not self._is_relevant_tb_level(tb):
              length += 1
              tb = tb.tb_next
          return length
  
      def __repr__(self):
          return "<%s run=%i errors=%i failures=%i>" % \
                 (_strclass(self.__class__), self.testsRun, len(self.errors),
                  len(self.failures))
  
  class TestCase:
      """A class whose instances are single test cases.
  
      By default, the test code itself should be placed in a method named
      'runTest'.
  
      If the fixture may be used for many test cases, create as
      many test methods as are needed. When instantiating such a TestCase
      subclass, specify in the constructor arguments the name of the test method
      that the instance is to execute.
  
      Test authors should subclass TestCase for their own tests. Construction
      and deconstruction of the test's environment ('fixture') can be
      implemented by overriding the 'setUp' and 'tearDown' methods respectively.
  
      If it is necessary to override the __init__ method, the base class
      __init__ method must always be called. It is important that subclasses
      should not change the signature of their __init__ method, since instances
      of the classes are instantiated automatically by parts of the framework
      in order to be run.
      """
  
      # This attribute determines which exception will be raised when
      # the instance's assertion methods fail; test methods raising this
      # exception will be deemed to have 'failed' rather than 'errored'
  
      failureException = AssertionError
  
      def __init__(self, methodName='runTest'):
          """Create an instance of the class that will use the named test
             method when executed. Raises a ValueError if the instance does
             not have a method with the specified name.
          """
          try:
              self._testMethodName = methodName
              testMethod = getattr(self, methodName)
              self._testMethodDoc = testMethod.__doc__
          except AttributeError:
              raise ValueError( "no such test method in %s: %s" % \
                    (self.__class__, methodName))
  
      def setUp(self):
          "Hook method for setting up the test fixture before exercising it."
          pass
  
      def tearDown(self):
          "Hook method for deconstructing the test fixture after testing it."
          pass
  
      def countTestCases(self):
          return 1
  
      def defaultTestResult(self):
          return TestResult()
  
      def shortDescription(self):
          """Returns a one-line description of the test, or None if no
          description has been provided.
  
          The default implementation of this method returns the first line of
          the specified test method's docstring.
          """
          doc = self._testMethodDoc
          return doc and doc.split("\n")[0].strip() or None
  
      def id(self):
          return "%s.%s" % (_strclass(self.__class__), self._testMethodName)
  
      def __str__(self):
          return "%s (%s)" % (self._testMethodName, _strclass(self.__class__))
  
      def __repr__(self):
          return "<%s testMethod=%s>" % \
                 (_strclass(self.__class__), self._testMethodName)
  
      def run(self, result=None):
          if result is None: result = self.defaultTestResult()
          result.startTest(self)
          testMethod = getattr(self, self._testMethodName)
          try:
              try:
                  self.setUp()
              except KeyboardInterrupt:
                  raise
              except:
                  result.addError(self, self._exc_info())
                  return
  
              ok = False
              try:
                  testMethod()
                  ok = True
              except self.failureException:
                  result.addFailure(self, self._exc_info())
              except KeyboardInterrupt:
                  raise
              except:
                  result.addError(self, self._exc_info())
  
              try:
                  self.tearDown()
              except KeyboardInterrupt:
                  raise
              except:
                  result.addError(self, self._exc_info())
                  ok = False
              if ok: result.addSuccess(self)
          finally:
              result.stopTest(self)
  
      def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
          return self.run(*args, **kwds)
  
      def debug(self):
          """Run the test without collecting errors in a TestResult"""
          self.setUp()
          getattr(self, self._testMethodName)()
          self.tearDown()
  
      def _exc_info(self):
          """Return a version of sys.exc_info() with the traceback frame
             minimised; usually the top level of the traceback frame is not
             needed.
          """
          exctype, excvalue, tb = sys.exc_info()
          if sys.platform[:4] == 'java': ## tracebacks look different in Jython
              return (exctype, excvalue, tb)
          return (exctype, excvalue, tb)
  
      def fail(self, msg=None):
          """Fail immediately, with the given message."""
          raise self.failureException( msg)
  
      def failIf(self, expr, msg=None):
          "Fail the test if the expression is true."
          if expr: raise self.failureException( msg)
  
      def failUnless(self, expr, msg=None):
          """Fail the test unless the expression is true."""
          if not expr: raise self.failureException( msg)
  
      def failUnlessRaises(self, excClass, callableObj, *args, **kwargs):
          """Fail unless an exception of class excClass is thrown
             by callableObj when invoked with arguments args and keyword
             arguments kwargs. If a different type of exception is
             thrown, it will not be caught, and the test case will be
             deemed to have suffered an error, exactly as for an
             unexpected exception.
          """
          try:
              callableObj(*args, **kwargs)
          except excClass:
              return
          else:
              if hasattr(excClass,'__name__'): excName = excClass.__name__
              else: excName = str(excClass)
              raise self.failureException( "%s not raised" % excName)
  
      def failUnlessEqual(self, first, second, msg=None):
          """Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by the '=='
             operator.
          """
          if not first == second:
              raise self.failureException(
                    (msg or '%r != %r' % (first, second)))
  
      def failIfEqual(self, first, second, msg=None):
          """Fail if the two objects are equal as determined by the '=='
             operator.
          """
          if first == second:
              raise self.failureException(
                    (msg or '%r == %r' % (first, second)))
  
      def failUnlessAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=7, msg=None):
          """Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by their
             difference rounded to the given number of decimal places
             (default 7) and comparing to zero.
  
             Note that decimal places (from zero) are usually not the same
             as significant digits (measured from the most signficant digit).
          """
          if round(second-first, places) != 0:
              raise self.failureException(
                    (msg or '%r != %r within %r places' % (first, second, places)))
  
      def failIfAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=7, msg=None):
          """Fail if the two objects are equal as determined by their
             difference rounded to the given number of decimal places
             (default 7) and comparing to zero.
  
             Note that decimal places (from zero) are usually not the same
             as significant digits (measured from the most signficant digit).
          """
          if round(second-first, places) == 0:
              raise self.failureException(
                    (msg or '%r == %r within %r places' % (first, second, places)))
  
      # Synonyms for assertion methods
  
      assertEqual = assertEquals = failUnlessEqual
  
      assertNotEqual = assertNotEquals = failIfEqual
  
      assertAlmostEqual = assertAlmostEquals = failUnlessAlmostEqual
  
      assertNotAlmostEqual = assertNotAlmostEquals = failIfAlmostEqual
  
      assertRaises = failUnlessRaises
  
      assert_ = assertTrue = failUnless
  
      assertFalse = failIf
  
  
  
  class TestSuite:
      """A test suite is a composite test consisting of a number of TestCases.
  
      For use, create an instance of TestSuite, then add test case instances.
      When all tests have been added, the suite can be passed to a test
      runner, such as TextTestRunner. It will run the individual test cases
      in the order in which they were added, aggregating the results. When
      subclassing, do not forget to call the base class constructor.
      """
      
      def __init__(self, tests=()):
          self._tests = []
          self.addTests(tests)
  
      def __repr__(self):
          return "<%s tests=%s>" % (_strclass(self.__class__), self._tests)
  
      __str__ = __repr__
  
      def __iter__(self):
          return iter(self._tests)
  
      def countTestCases(self):
          cases = 0
          for test in self._tests:
              cases += test.countTestCases()
          return cases
  
      def addTest(self, test):
          # sanity checks
          if not callable(test):
              raise TypeError("the test to add must be callable")
          if (isinstance(test, class_types) and
              issubclass(test, (TestCase, TestSuite))):
              raise TypeError("TestCases and TestSuites must be instantiated "
                              "before passing them to addTest()")
          self._tests.append(test)
  
      def addTests(self, tests):
          if isinstance(tests, basestring):
              raise TypeError("tests must be an iterable of tests, not a string")
          for test in tests:
              self.addTest(test)
  
      def run(self, result):
          for test in self._tests:
              if result.shouldStop:
                  break
              test(result)
          return result
  
      def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
          return self.run(*args, **kwds)
  
      def debug(self):
          """Run the tests without collecting errors in a TestResult"""
          for test in self._tests: test.debug()
  
  
  class FunctionTestCase(TestCase):
      """A test case that wraps a test function.
  
      This is useful for slipping pre-existing test functions into the
      PyUnit framework. Optionally, set-up and tidy-up functions can be
      supplied. As with TestCase, the tidy-up ('tearDown') function will
      always be called if the set-up ('setUp') function ran successfully.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, testFunc, setUp=None, tearDown=None,
                   description=None):
          TestCase.__init__(self)
          self.__setUpFunc = setUp
          self.__tearDownFunc = tearDown
          self.__testFunc = testFunc
          self.__description = description
  
      def setUp(self):
          if self.__setUpFunc is not None:
              self.__setUpFunc()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          if self.__tearDownFunc is not None:
              self.__tearDownFunc()
  
      def runTest(self):
          self.__testFunc()
  
      def id(self):
          return self.__testFunc.__name__
  
      def __str__(self):
          return "%s (%s)" % (_strclass(self.__class__), self.__testFunc.__name__)
  
      def __repr__(self):
          return "<%s testFunc=%s>" % (_strclass(self.__class__), self.__testFunc)
  
      def shortDescription(self):
          if self.__description is not None: return self.__description
          doc = self.__testFunc.__doc__
          return doc and doc.split("\n")[0].strip() or None
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Locating and loading tests
  ##############################################################################
  
  def CmpToKey(mycmp):
      'Convert a cmp= function into a key= function'
      class K(object):
          def __init__(self, obj, *args):
              self.obj = obj
          def __lt__(self, other):
              return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == -1
      return K
  
  def three_way_cmp(x, y):
      """Return -1 if x < y, 0 if x == y and 1 if x > y"""
      return (x > y) - (x < y)
  
  class TestLoader:
      """This class is responsible for loading tests according to various
      criteria and returning them wrapped in a Test
      """
      testMethodPrefix = 'test'
      sortTestMethodsUsing = cmp
      suiteClass = TestSuite
  
      def loadTestsFromTestCase(self, testCaseClass):
          """Return a suite of all tests cases contained in testCaseClass"""
          if issubclass(testCaseClass, TestSuite):
              raise TypeError("Test cases should not be derived from TestSuite. Maybe you meant to derive from TestCase?")
          testCaseNames = self.getTestCaseNames(testCaseClass)
          if not testCaseNames and hasattr(testCaseClass, 'runTest'):
              testCaseNames = ['runTest']
          return self.suiteClass([testCaseClass(n) for n in testCaseNames])
  
      def loadTestsFromModule(self, module):
          """Return a suite of all tests cases contained in the given module"""
          tests = []
          for name in dir(module):
              obj = getattr(module, name)
              if (isinstance(obj, class_types) and
                  issubclass(obj, TestCase)):
                  tests.append(self.loadTestsFromTestCase(obj))
          return self.suiteClass(tests)
  
      def loadTestsFromName(self, name, module=None):
          """Return a suite of all tests cases given a string specifier.
  
          The name may resolve either to a module, a test case class, a
          test method within a test case class, or a callable object which
          returns a TestCase or TestSuite instance.
  
          The method optionally resolves the names relative to a given module.
          """
          parts = name.split('.')
          if module is None:
              parts_copy = parts[:]
              while parts_copy:
                  try:
                      module = __import__('.'.join(parts_copy))
                      break
                  except ImportError:
                      del parts_copy[-1]
                      if not parts_copy: raise
              parts = parts[1:]
          obj = module
          for part in parts:
              parent, obj = obj, getattr(obj, part)
  
          if type(obj) == types.ModuleType:
              return self.loadTestsFromModule(obj)
          elif (isinstance(obj, class_types) and
                issubclass(obj, TestCase)):
              return self.loadTestsFromTestCase(obj)
          elif type(obj) == types.UnboundMethodType:
              return parent(obj.__name__)
          elif isinstance(obj, TestSuite):
              return obj
          elif callable(obj):
              test = obj()
              if not isinstance(test, (TestCase, TestSuite)):
                  raise ValueError(
                        "calling %s returned %s, not a test" % (obj,test))
              return test
          else:
              raise ValueError( "don't know how to make test from: %s" % obj)
  
      def loadTestsFromNames(self, names, module=None):
          """Return a suite of all tests cases found using the given sequence
          of string specifiers. See 'loadTestsFromName()'.
          """
          suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
          return self.suiteClass(suites)
  
      def getTestCaseNames(self, testCaseClass):
          """Return a sorted sequence of method names found within testCaseClass
          """
          def isTestMethod(attrname, testCaseClass=testCaseClass, prefix=self.testMethodPrefix):
              return attrname.startswith(prefix) and callable(getattr(testCaseClass, attrname))
          testFnNames = list(filter(isTestMethod, dir(testCaseClass)))
          for baseclass in testCaseClass.__bases__:
              for testFnName in self.getTestCaseNames(baseclass):
                  if testFnName not in testFnNames:  # handle overridden methods
                      testFnNames.append(testFnName)
          if self.sortTestMethodsUsing:
              #testFnNames.sort(key=CmpToKey(self.sortTestMethodsUsing))
              testFnNames = _sort_using_key(testFnNames, CmpToKey(self.sortTestMethodsUsing))
          return testFnNames
  
  
  
  
  
  defaultTestLoader = TestLoader()
  
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Patches for old functions: these functions should be considered obsolete
  ##############################################################################
  
  def _makeLoader(prefix, sortUsing, suiteClass=None):
      loader = TestLoader()
      loader.sortTestMethodsUsing = sortUsing
      loader.testMethodPrefix = prefix
      if suiteClass: loader.suiteClass = suiteClass
      return loader
  
  def getTestCaseNames(testCaseClass, prefix, sortUsing=cmp):
      return _makeLoader(prefix, sortUsing).getTestCaseNames(testCaseClass)
  
  def makeSuite(testCaseClass, prefix='test', sortUsing=cmp, suiteClass=TestSuite):
      return _makeLoader(prefix, sortUsing, suiteClass).loadTestsFromTestCase(testCaseClass)
  
  def findTestCases(module, prefix='test', sortUsing=cmp, suiteClass=TestSuite):
      return _makeLoader(prefix, sortUsing, suiteClass).loadTestsFromModule(module)
  
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Text UI
  ##############################################################################
  
  class _WritelnDecorator:
      """Used to decorate file-like objects with a handy 'writeln' method"""
      def __init__(self,stream):
          self.stream = stream
  
      def __getattr__(self, attr):
          return getattr(self.stream,attr)
  
      def writeln(self, arg=None):
          if arg: self.write(arg)
          self.write('\n') # text-mode streams translate to \r\n if needed
  
  
  class _TextTestResult(TestResult):
      """A test result class that can print formatted text results to a stream.
  
      Used by TextTestRunner.
      """
      separator1 = '=' * 70
      separator2 = '-' * 70
  
      def __init__(self, stream, descriptions, verbosity):
          TestResult.__init__(self)
          self.stream = stream
          self.showAll = verbosity > 1
          self.dots = verbosity == 1
          self.descriptions = descriptions
  
      def getDescription(self, test):
          if self.descriptions:
              return test.shortDescription() or str(test)
          else:
              return str(test)
  
      def startTest(self, test):
          TestResult.startTest(self, test)
          if self.showAll:
              self.stream.write(self.getDescription(test))
              self.stream.write(" ... ")
  
      def addSuccess(self, test):
          TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
          if self.showAll:
              self.stream.writeln("ok")
          elif self.dots:
              self.stream.write('.')
  
      def addError(self, test, err):
          TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
          if self.showAll:
              self.stream.writeln("ERROR")
          elif self.dots:
              self.stream.write('E')
  
      def addFailure(self, test, err):
          TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
          if self.showAll:
              self.stream.writeln("FAIL")
          elif self.dots:
              self.stream.write('F')
  
      def printErrors(self):
          if self.dots or self.showAll:
              self.stream.writeln()
          self.printErrorList('ERROR', self.errors)
          self.printErrorList('FAIL', self.failures)
  
      def printErrorList(self, flavour, errors):
          for test, err in errors:
              self.stream.writeln(self.separator1)
              self.stream.writeln("%s: %s" % (flavour, self.getDescription(test)))
              self.stream.writeln(self.separator2)
              self.stream.writeln("%s" % err)
  
  
  class TextTestRunner:
      """A test runner class that displays results in textual form.
  
      It prints out the names of tests as they are run, errors as they
      occur, and a summary of the results at the end of the test run.
      """
      def __init__(self, stream=sys.stderr, descriptions=1, verbosity=1):
          self.stream = _WritelnDecorator(stream)
          self.descriptions = descriptions
          self.verbosity = verbosity
  
      def _makeResult(self):
          return _TextTestResult(self.stream, self.descriptions, self.verbosity)
  
      def run(self, test):
          "Run the given test case or test suite."
          result = self._makeResult()
          startTime = time.time()
          test(result)
          stopTime = time.time()
          timeTaken = stopTime - startTime
          result.printErrors()
          self.stream.writeln(result.separator2)
          run = result.testsRun
          self.stream.writeln("Ran %d test%s in %.3fs" %
                              (run, run != 1 and "s" or "", timeTaken))
          self.stream.writeln()
          if not result.wasSuccessful():
              self.stream.write("FAILED (")
              failed, errored = len(result.failures), len(result.errors)
              if failed:
                  self.stream.write("failures=%d" % failed)
              if errored:
                  if failed: self.stream.write(", ")
                  self.stream.write("errors=%d" % errored)
              self.stream.writeln(")")
          else:
              self.stream.writeln("OK")
          return result
  
  
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Facilities for running tests from the command line
  ##############################################################################
  
  class TestProgram:
      """A command-line program that runs a set of tests; this is primarily
         for making test modules conveniently executable.
      """
      USAGE = """\
  Usage: %(progName)s [options] [test] [...]
  
  Options:
    -h, --help       Show this message
    -v, --verbose    Verbose output
    -q, --quiet      Minimal output
  
  Examples:
    %(progName)s                               - run default set of tests
    %(progName)s MyTestSuite                   - run suite 'MyTestSuite'
    %(progName)s MyTestCase.testSomething      - run MyTestCase.testSomething
    %(progName)s MyTestCase                    - run all 'test*' test methods
                                                 in MyTestCase
  """
      def __init__(self, module='__main__', defaultTest=None,
                   argv=None, testRunner=None, testLoader=defaultTestLoader):
          if type(module) == type(''):
              self.module = __import__(module)
              for part in module.split('.')[1:]:
                  self.module = getattr(self.module, part)
          else:
              self.module = module
          if argv is None:
              argv = sys.argv
          self.verbosity = 1
          self.defaultTest = defaultTest
          self.testRunner = testRunner
          self.testLoader = testLoader
          self.progName = os.path.basename(argv[0])
          self.parseArgs(argv)
          self.runTests()
  
      def usageExit(self, msg=None):
          if msg: print (msg)
          print (self.USAGE % self.__dict__)
          sys.exit(2)
  
      def parseArgs(self, argv):
          import getopt
          try:
              options, args = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], 'hHvq',
                                            ['help','verbose','quiet'])
              for opt, value in options:
                  if opt in ('-h','-H','--help'):
                      self.usageExit()
                  if opt in ('-q','--quiet'):
                      self.verbosity = 0
                  if opt in ('-v','--verbose'):
                      self.verbosity = 2
              if len(args) == 0 and self.defaultTest is None:
                  self.test = self.testLoader.loadTestsFromModule(self.module)
                  return
              if len(args) > 0:
                  self.testNames = args
              else:
                  self.testNames = (self.defaultTest,)
              self.createTests()
          except getopt.error:
              msg = geterror()
              self.usageExit(msg)
  
      def createTests(self):
          self.test = self.testLoader.loadTestsFromNames(self.testNames,
                                                         self.module)
  
      def runTests(self):
          if self.testRunner is None:
              self.testRunner = TextTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
          result = self.testRunner.run(self.test)
          sys.exit(not result.wasSuccessful())
  
  main = TestProgram
  
  ##############################################################################
  # Executing this module from the command line
  ##############################################################################
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      main(module=None)
  