text: """ Python test discovery, setup and run of test functions. """
  from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
  
  import fnmatch
  import inspect
  import sys
  import os
  import collections
  import warnings
  from textwrap import dedent
  from itertools import count
  
  
  import py
  import six
  from _pytest.mark import MarkerError
  from _pytest.config import hookimpl
  
  import _pytest
  import pluggy
  from _pytest import fixtures
  from _pytest import nodes
  from _pytest import deprecated
  from _pytest.compat import (
      isclass, isfunction, is_generator, ascii_escaped,
      REGEX_TYPE, STRING_TYPES, NoneType, NOTSET,
      get_real_func, getfslineno, safe_getattr,
      safe_str, getlocation, enum,
  )
  from _pytest.outcomes import fail
  from _pytest.mark import transfer_markers
  
  
  # relative paths that we use to filter traceback entries from appearing to the user;
  # see filter_traceback
  # note: if we need to add more paths than what we have now we should probably use a list
  # for better maintenance
  _pluggy_dir = py.path.local(pluggy.__file__.rstrip("oc"))
  # pluggy is either a package or a single module depending on the version
  if _pluggy_dir.basename == '__init__.py':
      _pluggy_dir = _pluggy_dir.dirpath()
  _pytest_dir = py.path.local(_pytest.__file__).dirpath()
  _py_dir = py.path.local(py.__file__).dirpath()
  
  
  def filter_traceback(entry):
      """Return True if a TracebackEntry instance should be removed from tracebacks:
      * dynamically generated code (no code to show up for it);
      * internal traceback from pytest or its internal libraries, py and pluggy.
      """
      # entry.path might sometimes return a str object when the entry
      # points to dynamically generated code
      # see https://bitbucket.org/pytest-dev/py/issues/71
      raw_filename = entry.frame.code.raw.co_filename
      is_generated = '<' in raw_filename and '>' in raw_filename
      if is_generated:
          return False
      # entry.path might point to an non-existing file, in which case it will
      # also return a str object. see #1133
      p = py.path.local(entry.path)
      return not p.relto(_pluggy_dir) and not p.relto(_pytest_dir) and not p.relto(_py_dir)
  
  
  def pyobj_property(name):
      def get(self):
          node = self.getparent(getattr(__import__('pytest'), name))
          if node is not None:
              return node.obj
      doc = "python %s object this node was collected from (can be None)." % (
            name.lower(),)
      return property(get, None, None, doc)
  
  
  def pytest_addoption(parser):
      group = parser.getgroup("general")
      group.addoption('--fixtures', '--funcargs',
                      action="store_true", dest="showfixtures", default=False,
                      help="show available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance")
      group.addoption(
          '--fixtures-per-test',
          action="store_true",
          dest="show_fixtures_per_test",
          default=False,
          help="show fixtures per test",
      )
      parser.addini("usefixtures", type="args", default=[],
                    help="list of default fixtures to be used with this project")
      parser.addini("python_files", type="args",
                    default=['test_*.py', '*_test.py'],
                    help="glob-style file patterns for Python test module discovery")
      parser.addini("python_classes", type="args", default=["Test", ],
                    help="prefixes or glob names for Python test class discovery")
      parser.addini("python_functions", type="args", default=["test", ],
                    help="prefixes or glob names for Python test function and "
                    "method discovery")
  
      group.addoption("--import-mode", default="prepend",
                      choices=["prepend", "append"], dest="importmode",
                      help="prepend/append to sys.path when importing test modules, "
                      "default is to prepend.")
  
  
  def pytest_cmdline_main(config):
      if config.option.showfixtures:
          showfixtures(config)
          return 0
      if config.option.show_fixtures_per_test:
          show_fixtures_per_test(config)
          return 0
  
  
  def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
      # those alternative spellings are common - raise a specific error to alert
      # the user
      alt_spellings = ['parameterize', 'parametrise', 'parameterise']
      for attr in alt_spellings:
          if hasattr(metafunc.function, attr):
              msg = "{0} has '{1}', spelling should be 'parametrize'"
              raise MarkerError(msg.format(metafunc.function.__name__, attr))
      try:
          markers = metafunc.function.parametrize
      except AttributeError:
          return
      for marker in markers:
          metafunc.parametrize(*marker.args, **marker.kwargs)
  
  
  def pytest_configure(config):
      config.addinivalue_line("markers",
                              "parametrize(argnames, argvalues): call a test function multiple "
                              "times passing in different arguments in turn. argvalues generally "
                              "needs to be a list of values if argnames specifies only one name "
                              "or a list of tuples of values if argnames specifies multiple names. "
                              "Example: @parametrize('arg1', [1,2]) would lead to two calls of the "
                              "decorated test function, one with arg1=1 and another with arg1=2."
                              "see http://pytest.org/latest/parametrize.html for more info and "
                              "examples."
                              )
      config.addinivalue_line("markers",
                              "usefixtures(fixturename1, fixturename2, ...): mark tests as needing "
                              "all of the specified fixtures. see http://pytest.org/latest/fixture.html#usefixtures "
                              )
  
  
  @hookimpl(trylast=True)
  def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem):
      testfunction = pyfuncitem.obj
      if pyfuncitem._isyieldedfunction():
          testfunction(*pyfuncitem._args)
      else:
          funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
          testargs = {}
          for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames:
              testargs[arg] = funcargs[arg]
          testfunction(**testargs)
      return True
  
  
  def pytest_collect_file(path, parent):
      ext = path.ext
      if ext == ".py":
          if not parent.session.isinitpath(path):
              for pat in parent.config.getini('python_files'):
                  if path.fnmatch(pat):
                      break
              else:
                  return
          ihook = parent.session.gethookproxy(path)
          return ihook.pytest_pycollect_makemodule(path=path, parent=parent)
  
  
  def pytest_pycollect_makemodule(path, parent):
      return Module(path, parent)
  
  
  @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
  def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(collector, name, obj):
      outcome = yield
      res = outcome.get_result()
      if res is not None:
          return
      # nothing was collected elsewhere, let's do it here
      if isclass(obj):
          if collector.istestclass(obj, name):
              Class = collector._getcustomclass("Class")
              outcome.force_result(Class(name, parent=collector))
      elif collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
          # mock seems to store unbound methods (issue473), normalize it
          obj = getattr(obj, "__func__", obj)
          # We need to try and unwrap the function if it's a functools.partial
          # or a funtools.wrapped.
          # We musn't if it's been wrapped with mock.patch (python 2 only)
          if not (isfunction(obj) or isfunction(get_real_func(obj))):
              collector.warn(code="C2", message="cannot collect %r because it is not a function."
                             % name, )
          elif getattr(obj, "__test__", True):
              if is_generator(obj):
                  res = Generator(name, parent=collector)
              else:
                  res = list(collector._genfunctions(name, obj))
              outcome.force_result(res)
  
  
  def pytest_make_parametrize_id(config, val, argname=None):
      return None
  
  
  class PyobjContext(object):
      module = pyobj_property("Module")
      cls = pyobj_property("Class")
      instance = pyobj_property("Instance")
  
  
  class PyobjMixin(PyobjContext):
      def obj():
          def fget(self):
              obj = getattr(self, '_obj', None)
              if obj is None:
                  self._obj = obj = self._getobj()
              return obj
  
          def fset(self, value):
              self._obj = value
  
          return property(fget, fset, None, "underlying python object")
  
      obj = obj()
  
      def _getobj(self):
          return getattr(self.parent.obj, self.name)
  
      def getmodpath(self, stopatmodule=True, includemodule=False):
          """ return python path relative to the containing module. """
          chain = self.listchain()
          chain.reverse()
          parts = []
          for node in chain:
              if isinstance(node, Instance):
                  continue
              name = node.name
              if isinstance(node, Module):
                  name = os.path.splitext(name)[0]
                  if stopatmodule:
                      if includemodule:
                          parts.append(name)
                      break
              parts.append(name)
          parts.reverse()
          s = ".".join(parts)
          return s.replace(".[", "[")
  
      def _getfslineno(self):
          return getfslineno(self.obj)
  
      def reportinfo(self):
          # XXX caching?
          obj = self.obj
          compat_co_firstlineno = getattr(obj, 'compat_co_firstlineno', None)
          if isinstance(compat_co_firstlineno, int):
              # nose compatibility
              fspath = sys.modules[obj.__module__].__file__
              if fspath.endswith(".pyc"):
                  fspath = fspath[:-1]
              lineno = compat_co_firstlineno
          else:
              fspath, lineno = getfslineno(obj)
          modpath = self.getmodpath()
          assert isinstance(lineno, int)
          return fspath, lineno, modpath
  
  
  class PyCollector(PyobjMixin, nodes.Collector):
  
      def funcnamefilter(self, name):
          return self._matches_prefix_or_glob_option('python_functions', name)
  
      def isnosetest(self, obj):
          """ Look for the __test__ attribute, which is applied by the
          @nose.tools.istest decorator
          """
          # We explicitly check for "is True" here to not mistakenly treat
          # classes with a custom __getattr__ returning something truthy (like a
          # function) as test classes.
          return safe_getattr(obj, '__test__', False) is True
  
      def classnamefilter(self, name):
          return self._matches_prefix_or_glob_option('python_classes', name)
  
      def istestfunction(self, obj, name):
          if self.funcnamefilter(name) or self.isnosetest(obj):
              if isinstance(obj, staticmethod):
                  # static methods need to be unwrapped
                  obj = safe_getattr(obj, '__func__', False)
                  if obj is False:
                      # Python 2.6 wraps in a different way that we won't try to handle
                      msg = "cannot collect static method %r because " \
                            "it is not a function (always the case in Python 2.6)"
                      self.warn(
                          code="C2", message=msg % name)
                      return False
              return (
                  safe_getattr(obj, "__call__", False) and fixtures.getfixturemarker(obj) is None
              )
          else:
              return False
  
      def istestclass(self, obj, name):
          return self.classnamefilter(name) or self.isnosetest(obj)
  
      def _matches_prefix_or_glob_option(self, option_name, name):
          """
          checks if the given name matches the prefix or glob-pattern defined
          in ini configuration.
          """
          for option in self.config.getini(option_name):
              if name.startswith(option):
                  return True
              # check that name looks like a glob-string before calling fnmatch
              # because this is called for every name in each collected module,
              # and fnmatch is somewhat expensive to call
              elif ('*' in option or '?' in option or '[' in option) and \
                      fnmatch.fnmatch(name, option):
                  return True
          return False
  
      def collect(self):
          if not getattr(self.obj, "__test__", True):
              return []
  
          # NB. we avoid random getattrs and peek in the __dict__ instead
          # (XXX originally introduced from a PyPy need, still true?)
          dicts = [getattr(self.obj, '__dict__', {})]
          for basecls in inspect.getmro(self.obj.__class__):
              dicts.append(basecls.__dict__)
          seen = {}
          values = []
          for dic in dicts:
              for name, obj in list(dic.items()):
                  if name in seen:
                      continue
                  seen[name] = True
                  res = self._makeitem(name, obj)
                  if res is None:
                      continue
                  if not isinstance(res, list):
                      res = [res]
                  values.extend(res)
          values.sort(key=lambda item: item.reportinfo()[:2])
          return values
  
      def makeitem(self, name, obj):
          warnings.warn(deprecated.COLLECTOR_MAKEITEM, stacklevel=2)
          self._makeitem(name, obj)
  
      def _makeitem(self, name, obj):
          # assert self.ihook.fspath == self.fspath, self
          return self.ihook.pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
              collector=self, name=name, obj=obj)
  
      def _genfunctions(self, name, funcobj):
          module = self.getparent(Module).obj
          clscol = self.getparent(Class)
          cls = clscol and clscol.obj or None
          transfer_markers(funcobj, cls, module)
          fm = self.session._fixturemanager
          fixtureinfo = fm.getfixtureinfo(self, funcobj, cls)
          metafunc = Metafunc(funcobj, fixtureinfo, self.config,
                              cls=cls, module=module)
          methods = []
          if hasattr(module, "pytest_generate_tests"):
              methods.append(module.pytest_generate_tests)
          if hasattr(cls, "pytest_generate_tests"):
              methods.append(cls().pytest_generate_tests)
          if methods:
              self.ihook.pytest_generate_tests.call_extra(methods,
                                                          dict(metafunc=metafunc))
          else:
              self.ihook.pytest_generate_tests(metafunc=metafunc)
  
          Function = self._getcustomclass("Function")
          if not metafunc._calls:
              yield Function(name, parent=self, fixtureinfo=fixtureinfo)
          else:
              # add funcargs() as fixturedefs to fixtureinfo.arg2fixturedefs
              fixtures.add_funcarg_pseudo_fixture_def(self, metafunc, fm)
  
              for callspec in metafunc._calls:
                  subname = "%s[%s]" % (name, callspec.id)
                  yield Function(name=subname, parent=self,
                                 callspec=callspec, callobj=funcobj,
                                 fixtureinfo=fixtureinfo,
                                 keywords={callspec.id: True},
                                 originalname=name,
                                 )
  
  
  class Module(nodes.File, PyCollector):
      """ Collector for test classes and functions. """
  
      def _getobj(self):
          return self._importtestmodule()
  
      def collect(self):
          self.session._fixturemanager.parsefactories(self)
          return super(Module, self).collect()
  
      def _importtestmodule(self):
          # we assume we are only called once per module
          importmode = self.config.getoption("--import-mode")
          try:
              mod = self.fspath.pyimport(ensuresyspath=importmode)
          except SyntaxError:
              raise self.CollectError(
                  _pytest._code.ExceptionInfo().getrepr(style="short"))
          except self.fspath.ImportMismatchError:
              e = sys.exc_info()[1]
              raise self.CollectError(
                  "import file mismatch:\n"
                  "imported module %r has this __file__ attribute:\n"
                  "  %s\n"
                  "which is not the same as the test file we want to collect:\n"
                  "  %s\n"
                  "HINT: remove __pycache__ / .pyc files and/or use a "
                  "unique basename for your test file modules"
                  % e.args
              )
          except ImportError:
              from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionInfo
              exc_info = ExceptionInfo()
              if self.config.getoption('verbose') < 2:
                  exc_info.traceback = exc_info.traceback.filter(filter_traceback)
              exc_repr = exc_info.getrepr(style='short') if exc_info.traceback else exc_info.exconly()
              formatted_tb = safe_str(exc_repr)
              raise self.CollectError(
                  "ImportError while importing test module '{fspath}'.\n"
                  "Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.\n"
                  "Traceback:\n"
                  "{traceback}".format(fspath=self.fspath, traceback=formatted_tb)
              )
          except _pytest.runner.Skipped as e:
              if e.allow_module_level:
                  raise
              raise self.CollectError(
                  "Using pytest.skip outside of a test is not allowed. "
                  "To decorate a test function, use the @pytest.mark.skip "
                  "or @pytest.mark.skipif decorators instead, and to skip a "
                  "module use `pytestmark = pytest.mark.{skip,skipif}."
              )
          self.config.pluginmanager.consider_module(mod)
          return mod
  
      def setup(self):
          setup_module = _get_xunit_setup_teardown(self.obj, "setUpModule")
          if setup_module is None:
              setup_module = _get_xunit_setup_teardown(self.obj, "setup_module")
          if setup_module is not None:
              setup_module()
  
          teardown_module = _get_xunit_setup_teardown(self.obj, 'tearDownModule')
          if teardown_module is None:
              teardown_module = _get_xunit_setup_teardown(self.obj, 'teardown_module')
          if teardown_module is not None:
              self.addfinalizer(teardown_module)
  
  
  def _get_xunit_setup_teardown(holder, attr_name, param_obj=None):
      """
      Return a callable to perform xunit-style setup or teardown if
      the function exists in the ``holder`` object.
      The ``param_obj`` parameter is the parameter which will be passed to the function
      when the callable is called without arguments, defaults to the ``holder`` object.
      Return ``None`` if a suitable callable is not found.
      """
      param_obj = param_obj if param_obj is not None else holder
      result = _get_xunit_func(holder, attr_name)
      if result is not None:
          arg_count = result.__code__.co_argcount
          if inspect.ismethod(result):
              arg_count -= 1
          if arg_count:
              return lambda: result(param_obj)
          else:
              return result
  
  
  def _get_xunit_func(obj, name):
      """Return the attribute from the given object to be used as a setup/teardown
      xunit-style function, but only if not marked as a fixture to
      avoid calling it twice.
      """
      meth = getattr(obj, name, None)
      if fixtures.getfixturemarker(meth) is None:
          return meth
  
  
  class Class(PyCollector):
      """ Collector for test methods. """
  
      def collect(self):
          if not safe_getattr(self.obj, "__test__", True):
              return []
          if hasinit(self.obj):
              self.warn("C1", "cannot collect test class %r because it has a "
                        "__init__ constructor" % self.obj.__name__)
              return []
          elif hasnew(self.obj):
              self.warn("C1", "cannot collect test class %r because it has a "
                              "__new__ constructor" % self.obj.__name__)
              return []
          return [self._getcustomclass("Instance")(name="()", parent=self)]
  
      def setup(self):
          setup_class = _get_xunit_func(self.obj, 'setup_class')
          if setup_class is not None:
              setup_class = getattr(setup_class, 'im_func', setup_class)
              setup_class = getattr(setup_class, '__func__', setup_class)
              setup_class(self.obj)
  
          fin_class = getattr(self.obj, 'teardown_class', None)
          if fin_class is not None:
              fin_class = getattr(fin_class, 'im_func', fin_class)
              fin_class = getattr(fin_class, '__func__', fin_class)
              self.addfinalizer(lambda: fin_class(self.obj))
  
  
  class Instance(PyCollector):
      def _getobj(self):
          return self.parent.obj()
  
      def collect(self):
          self.session._fixturemanager.parsefactories(self)
          return super(Instance, self).collect()
  
      def newinstance(self):
          self.obj = self._getobj()
          return self.obj
  
  
  class FunctionMixin(PyobjMixin):
      """ mixin for the code common to Function and Generator.
      """
  
      def setup(self):
          """ perform setup for this test function. """
          if hasattr(self, '_preservedparent'):
              obj = self._preservedparent
          elif isinstance(self.parent, Instance):
              obj = self.parent.newinstance()
              self.obj = self._getobj()
          else:
              obj = self.parent.obj
          if inspect.ismethod(self.obj):
              setup_name = 'setup_method'
              teardown_name = 'teardown_method'
          else:
              setup_name = 'setup_function'
              teardown_name = 'teardown_function'
          setup_func_or_method = _get_xunit_setup_teardown(obj, setup_name, param_obj=self.obj)
          if setup_func_or_method is not None:
              setup_func_or_method()
          teardown_func_or_method = _get_xunit_setup_teardown(obj, teardown_name, param_obj=self.obj)
          if teardown_func_or_method is not None:
              self.addfinalizer(teardown_func_or_method)
  
      def _prunetraceback(self, excinfo):
          if hasattr(self, '_obj') and not self.config.option.fulltrace:
              code = _pytest._code.Code(get_real_func(self.obj))
              path, firstlineno = code.path, code.firstlineno
              traceback = excinfo.traceback
              ntraceback = traceback.cut(path=path, firstlineno=firstlineno)
              if ntraceback == traceback:
                  ntraceback = ntraceback.cut(path=path)
                  if ntraceback == traceback:
                      ntraceback = ntraceback.filter(filter_traceback)
                      if not ntraceback:
                          ntraceback = traceback
  
              excinfo.traceback = ntraceback.filter()
              # issue364: mark all but first and last frames to
              # only show a single-line message for each frame
              if self.config.option.tbstyle == "auto":
                  if len(excinfo.traceback) > 2:
                      for entry in excinfo.traceback[1:-1]:
                          entry.set_repr_style('short')
  
      def _repr_failure_py(self, excinfo, style="long"):
          if excinfo.errisinstance(fail.Exception):
              if not excinfo.value.pytrace:
                  return py._builtin._totext(excinfo.value)
          return super(FunctionMixin, self)._repr_failure_py(excinfo,
                                                             style=style)
  
      def repr_failure(self, excinfo, outerr=None):
          assert outerr is None, "XXX outerr usage is deprecated"
          style = self.config.option.tbstyle
          if style == "auto":
              style = "long"
          return self._repr_failure_py(excinfo, style=style)
  
  
  class Generator(FunctionMixin, PyCollector):
      def collect(self):
          # test generators are seen as collectors but they also
          # invoke setup/teardown on popular request
          # (induced by the common "test_*" naming shared with normal tests)
          from _pytest import deprecated
          self.session._setupstate.prepare(self)
          # see FunctionMixin.setup and test_setupstate_is_preserved_134
          self._preservedparent = self.parent.obj
          values = []
          seen = {}
          for i, x in enumerate(self.obj()):
              name, call, args = self.getcallargs(x)
              if not callable(call):
                  raise TypeError("%r yielded non callable test %r" % (self.obj, call,))
              if name is None:
                  name = "[%d]" % i
              else:
                  name = "['%s']" % name
              if name in seen:
                  raise ValueError("%r generated tests with non-unique name %r" % (self, name))
              seen[name] = True
              values.append(self.Function(name, self, args=args, callobj=call))
          self.warn('C1', deprecated.YIELD_TESTS)
          return values
  
      def getcallargs(self, obj):
          if not isinstance(obj, (tuple, list)):
              obj = (obj,)
          # explicit naming
          if isinstance(obj[0], six.string_types):
              name = obj[0]
              obj = obj[1:]
          else:
              name = None
          call, args = obj[0], obj[1:]
          return name, call, args
  
  
  def hasinit(obj):
      init = getattr(obj, '__init__', None)
      if init:
          return init != object.__init__
  
  
  def hasnew(obj):
      new = getattr(obj, '__new__', None)
      if new:
          return new != object.__new__
  
  
  class CallSpec2(object):
      def __init__(self, metafunc):
          self.metafunc = metafunc
          self.funcargs = {}
          self._idlist = []
          self.params = {}
          self._globalid = NOTSET
          self._globalid_args = set()
          self._globalparam = NOTSET
          self._arg2scopenum = {}  # used for sorting parametrized resources
          self.marks = []
          self.indices = {}
  
      def copy(self, metafunc):
          cs = CallSpec2(self.metafunc)
          cs.funcargs.update(self.funcargs)
          cs.params.update(self.params)
          cs.marks.extend(self.marks)
          cs.indices.update(self.indices)
          cs._arg2scopenum.update(self._arg2scopenum)
          cs._idlist = list(self._idlist)
          cs._globalid = self._globalid
          cs._globalid_args = self._globalid_args
          cs._globalparam = self._globalparam
          return cs
  
      def _checkargnotcontained(self, arg):
          if arg in self.params or arg in self.funcargs:
              raise ValueError("duplicate %r" % (arg,))
  
      def getparam(self, name):
          try:
              return self.params[name]
          except KeyError:
              if self._globalparam is NOTSET:
                  raise ValueError(name)
              return self._globalparam
  
      @property
      def id(self):
          return "-".join(map(str, filter(None, self._idlist)))
  
      def setmulti2(self, valtypes, argnames, valset, id, marks, scopenum,
                    param_index):
          for arg, val in zip(argnames, valset):
              self._checkargnotcontained(arg)
              valtype_for_arg = valtypes[arg]
              getattr(self, valtype_for_arg)[arg] = val
              self.indices[arg] = param_index
              self._arg2scopenum[arg] = scopenum
          self._idlist.append(id)
          self.marks.extend(marks)
  
      def setall(self, funcargs, id, param):
          for x in funcargs:
              self._checkargnotcontained(x)
          self.funcargs.update(funcargs)
          if id is not NOTSET:
              self._idlist.append(id)
          if param is not NOTSET:
              assert self._globalparam is NOTSET
              self._globalparam = param
          for arg in funcargs:
              self._arg2scopenum[arg] = fixtures.scopenum_function
  
  
  class Metafunc(fixtures.FuncargnamesCompatAttr):
      """
      Metafunc objects are passed to the :func:`pytest_generate_tests <_pytest.hookspec.pytest_generate_tests>` hook.
      They help to inspect a test function and to generate tests according to
      test configuration or values specified in the class or module where a
      test function is defined.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, function, fixtureinfo, config, cls=None, module=None):
          #: access to the :class:`_pytest.config.Config` object for the test session
          self.config = config
  
          #: the module object where the test function is defined in.
          self.module = module
  
          #: underlying python test function
          self.function = function
  
          #: set of fixture names required by the test function
          self.fixturenames = fixtureinfo.names_closure
  
          #: class object where the test function is defined in or ``None``.
          self.cls = cls
  
          self._calls = []
          self._ids = set()
          self._arg2fixturedefs = fixtureinfo.name2fixturedefs
  
      def parametrize(self, argnames, argvalues, indirect=False, ids=None,
                      scope=None):
          """ Add new invocations to the underlying test function using the list
          of argvalues for the given argnames.  Parametrization is performed
          during the collection phase.  If you need to setup expensive resources
          see about setting indirect to do it rather at test setup time.
  
          :arg argnames: a comma-separated string denoting one or more argument
                         names, or a list/tuple of argument strings.
  
          :arg argvalues: The list of argvalues determines how often a
              test is invoked with different argument values.  If only one
              argname was specified argvalues is a list of values.  If N
              argnames were specified, argvalues must be a list of N-tuples,
              where each tuple-element specifies a value for its respective
              argname.
  
          :arg indirect: The list of argnames or boolean. A list of arguments'
              names (subset of argnames). If True the list contains all names from
              the argnames. Each argvalue corresponding to an argname in this list will
              be passed as request.param to its respective argname fixture
              function so that it can perform more expensive setups during the
              setup phase of a test rather than at collection time.
  
          :arg ids: list of string ids, or a callable.
              If strings, each is corresponding to the argvalues so that they are
              part of the test id. If None is given as id of specific test, the
              automatically generated id for that argument will be used.
              If callable, it should take one argument (a single argvalue) and return
              a string or return None. If None, the automatically generated id for that
              argument will be used.
              If no ids are provided they will be generated automatically from
              the argvalues.
  
          :arg scope: if specified it denotes the scope of the parameters.
              The scope is used for grouping tests by parameter instances.
              It will also override any fixture-function defined scope, allowing
              to set a dynamic scope using test context or configuration.
          """
          from _pytest.fixtures import scope2index
          from _pytest.mark import ParameterSet
          from py.io import saferepr
  
          argnames, parameters = ParameterSet._for_parametrize(
              argnames, argvalues, self.function, self.config)
          del argvalues
  
          if scope is None:
              scope = _find_parametrized_scope(argnames, self._arg2fixturedefs, indirect)
  
          scopenum = scope2index(scope, descr='call to {0}'.format(self.parametrize))
          valtypes = {}
          for arg in argnames:
              if arg not in self.fixturenames:
                  if isinstance(indirect, (tuple, list)):
                      name = 'fixture' if arg in indirect else 'argument'
                  else:
                      name = 'fixture' if indirect else 'argument'
                  raise ValueError(
                      "%r uses no %s %r" % (
                          self.function, name, arg))
  
          if indirect is True:
              valtypes = dict.fromkeys(argnames, "params")
          elif indirect is False:
              valtypes = dict.fromkeys(argnames, "funcargs")
          elif isinstance(indirect, (tuple, list)):
              valtypes = dict.fromkeys(argnames, "funcargs")
              for arg in indirect:
                  if arg not in argnames:
                      raise ValueError("indirect given to %r: fixture %r doesn't exist" % (
                                       self.function, arg))
                  valtypes[arg] = "params"
          idfn = None
          if callable(ids):
              idfn = ids
              ids = None
          if ids:
              if len(ids) != len(parameters):
                  raise ValueError('%d tests specified with %d ids' % (
                                   len(parameters), len(ids)))
              for id_value in ids:
                  if id_value is not None and not isinstance(id_value, six.string_types):
                      msg = 'ids must be list of strings, found: %s (type: %s)'
                      raise ValueError(msg % (saferepr(id_value), type(id_value).__name__))
          ids = idmaker(argnames, parameters, idfn, ids, self.config)
          newcalls = []
          for callspec in self._calls or [CallSpec2(self)]:
              elements = zip(ids, parameters, count())
              for a_id, param, param_index in elements:
                  if len(param.values) != len(argnames):
                      raise ValueError(
                          'In "parametrize" the number of values ({0}) must be '
                          'equal to the number of names ({1})'.format(
                              param.values, argnames))
                  newcallspec = callspec.copy(self)
                  newcallspec.setmulti2(valtypes, argnames, param.values, a_id,
                                        param.marks, scopenum, param_index)
                  newcalls.append(newcallspec)
          self._calls = newcalls
  
      def addcall(self, funcargs=None, id=NOTSET, param=NOTSET):
          """ Add a new call to the underlying test function during the collection phase of a test run.
  
          .. deprecated:: 3.3
  
              Use :meth:`parametrize` instead.
  
          Note that request.addcall() is called during the test collection phase prior and
          independently to actual test execution.  You should only use addcall()
          if you need to specify multiple arguments of a test function.
  
          :arg funcargs: argument keyword dictionary used when invoking
              the test function.
  
          :arg id: used for reporting and identification purposes.  If you
              don't supply an `id` an automatic unique id will be generated.
  
          :arg param: a parameter which will be exposed to a later fixture function
              invocation through the ``request.param`` attribute.
          """
          if self.config:
              self.config.warn('C1', message=deprecated.METAFUNC_ADD_CALL, fslocation=None)
          assert funcargs is None or isinstance(funcargs, dict)
          if funcargs is not None:
              for name in funcargs:
                  if name not in self.fixturenames:
                      fail("funcarg %r not used in this function." % name)
          else:
              funcargs = {}
          if id is None:
              raise ValueError("id=None not allowed")
          if id is NOTSET:
              id = len(self._calls)
          id = str(id)
          if id in self._ids:
              raise ValueError("duplicate id %r" % id)
          self._ids.add(id)
  
          cs = CallSpec2(self)
          cs.setall(funcargs, id, param)
          self._calls.append(cs)
  
  
  def _find_parametrized_scope(argnames, arg2fixturedefs, indirect):
      """Find the most appropriate scope for a parametrized call based on its arguments.
  
      When there's at least one direct argument, always use "function" scope.
  
      When a test function is parametrized and all its arguments are indirect
      (e.g. fixtures), return the most narrow scope based on the fixtures used.
  
      Related to issue #1832, based on code posted by @Kingdread.
      """
      from _pytest.fixtures import scopes
      indirect_as_list = isinstance(indirect, (list, tuple))
      all_arguments_are_fixtures = indirect is True or \
          indirect_as_list and len(indirect) == argnames
      if all_arguments_are_fixtures:
          fixturedefs = arg2fixturedefs or {}
          used_scopes = [fixturedef[0].scope for name, fixturedef in fixturedefs.items()]
          if used_scopes:
              # Takes the most narrow scope from used fixtures
              for scope in reversed(scopes):
                  if scope in used_scopes:
                      return scope
  
      return 'function'
  
  
  def _idval(val, argname, idx, idfn, config=None):
      if idfn:
          s = None
          try:
              s = idfn(val)
          except Exception:
              # See issue https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/2169
              import warnings
              msg = "Raised while trying to determine id of parameter %s at position %d." % (argname, idx)
              msg += '\nUpdate your code as this will raise an error in pytest-4.0.'
              warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
          if s:
              return ascii_escaped(s)
  
      if config:
          hook_id = config.hook.pytest_make_parametrize_id(
              config=config, val=val, argname=argname)
          if hook_id:
              return hook_id
  
      if isinstance(val, STRING_TYPES):
          return ascii_escaped(val)
      elif isinstance(val, (float, int, bool, NoneType)):
          return str(val)
      elif isinstance(val, REGEX_TYPE):
          return ascii_escaped(val.pattern)
      elif enum is not None and isinstance(val, enum.Enum):
          return str(val)
      elif (isclass(val) or isfunction(val)) and hasattr(val, '__name__'):
          return val.__name__
      return str(argname) + str(idx)
  
  
  def _idvalset(idx, parameterset, argnames, idfn, ids, config=None):
      if parameterset.id is not None:
          return parameterset.id
      if ids is None or (idx >= len(ids) or ids[idx] is None):
          this_id = [_idval(val, argname, idx, idfn, config)
                     for val, argname in zip(parameterset.values, argnames)]
          return "-".join(this_id)
      else:
          return ascii_escaped(ids[idx])
  
  
  def idmaker(argnames, parametersets, idfn=None, ids=None, config=None):
      ids = [_idvalset(valindex, parameterset, argnames, idfn, ids, config)
             for valindex, parameterset in enumerate(parametersets)]
      if len(set(ids)) != len(ids):
          # The ids are not unique
          duplicates = [testid for testid in ids if ids.count(testid) > 1]
          counters = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0)
          for index, testid in enumerate(ids):
              if testid in duplicates:
                  ids[index] = testid + str(counters[testid])
                  counters[testid] += 1
      return ids
  
  
  def show_fixtures_per_test(config):
      from _pytest.main import wrap_session
      return wrap_session(config, _show_fixtures_per_test)
  
  
  def _show_fixtures_per_test(config, session):
      import _pytest.config
      session.perform_collect()
      curdir = py.path.local()
      tw = _pytest.config.create_terminal_writer(config)
      verbose = config.getvalue("verbose")
  
      def get_best_relpath(func):
          loc = getlocation(func, curdir)
          return curdir.bestrelpath(loc)
  
      def write_fixture(fixture_def):
          argname = fixture_def.argname
          if verbose <= 0 and argname.startswith("_"):
              return
          if verbose > 0:
              bestrel = get_best_relpath(fixture_def.func)
              funcargspec = "{0} -- {1}".format(argname, bestrel)
          else:
              funcargspec = argname
          tw.line(funcargspec, green=True)
          fixture_doc = fixture_def.func.__doc__
          if fixture_doc:
              write_docstring(tw, fixture_doc)
          else:
              tw.line('    no docstring available', red=True)
  
      def write_item(item):
          try:
              info = item._fixtureinfo
          except AttributeError:
              # doctests items have no _fixtureinfo attribute
              return
          if not info.name2fixturedefs:
              # this test item does not use any fixtures
              return
          tw.line()
          tw.sep('-', 'fixtures used by {0}'.format(item.name))
          tw.sep('-', '({0})'.format(get_best_relpath(item.function)))
          # dict key not used in loop but needed for sorting
          for _, fixturedefs in sorted(info.name2fixturedefs.items()):
              assert fixturedefs is not None
              if not fixturedefs:
                  continue
              # last item is expected to be the one used by the test item
              write_fixture(fixturedefs[-1])
  
      for session_item in session.items:
          write_item(session_item)
  
  
  def showfixtures(config):
      from _pytest.main import wrap_session
      return wrap_session(config, _showfixtures_main)
  
  
  def _showfixtures_main(config, session):
      import _pytest.config
      session.perform_collect()
      curdir = py.path.local()
      tw = _pytest.config.create_terminal_writer(config)
      verbose = config.getvalue("verbose")
  
      fm = session._fixturemanager
  
      available = []
      seen = set()
  
      for argname, fixturedefs in fm._arg2fixturedefs.items():
          assert fixturedefs is not None
          if not fixturedefs:
              continue
          for fixturedef in fixturedefs:
              loc = getlocation(fixturedef.func, curdir)
              if (fixturedef.argname, loc) in seen:
                  continue
              seen.add((fixturedef.argname, loc))
              available.append((len(fixturedef.baseid),
                                fixturedef.func.__module__,
                                curdir.bestrelpath(loc),
                                fixturedef.argname, fixturedef))
  
      available.sort()
      currentmodule = None
      for baseid, module, bestrel, argname, fixturedef in available:
          if currentmodule != module:
              if not module.startswith("_pytest."):
                  tw.line()
                  tw.sep("-", "fixtures defined from %s" % (module,))
                  currentmodule = module
          if verbose <= 0 and argname[0] == "_":
              continue
          if verbose > 0:
              funcargspec = "%s -- %s" % (argname, bestrel,)
          else:
              funcargspec = argname
          tw.line(funcargspec, green=True)
          loc = getlocation(fixturedef.func, curdir)
          doc = fixturedef.func.__doc__ or ""
          if doc:
              write_docstring(tw, doc)
          else:
              tw.line("    %s: no docstring available" % (loc,),
                      red=True)
  
  
  def write_docstring(tw, doc):
      INDENT = "    "
      doc = doc.rstrip()
      if "\n" in doc:
          firstline, rest = doc.split("\n", 1)
      else:
          firstline, rest = doc, ""
  
      if firstline.strip():
          tw.line(INDENT + firstline.strip())
  
      if rest:
          for line in dedent(rest).split("\n"):
              tw.write(INDENT + line + "\n")
  
  
  class Function(FunctionMixin, nodes.Item, fixtures.FuncargnamesCompatAttr):
      """ a Function Item is responsible for setting up and executing a
      Python test function.
      """
      _genid = None
  
      def __init__(self, name, parent, args=None, config=None,
                   callspec=None, callobj=NOTSET, keywords=None, session=None,
                   fixtureinfo=None, originalname=None):
          super(Function, self).__init__(name, parent, config=config,
                                         session=session)
          self._args = args
          if callobj is not NOTSET:
              self.obj = callobj
  
          self.keywords.update(self.obj.__dict__)
          if callspec:
              self.callspec = callspec
              # this is total hostile and a mess
              # keywords are broken by design by now
              # this will be redeemed later
              for mark in callspec.marks:
                  # feel free to cry, this was broken for years before
                  # and keywords cant fix it per design
                  self.keywords[mark.name] = mark
          if keywords:
              self.keywords.update(keywords)
  
          if fixtureinfo is None:
              fixtureinfo = self.session._fixturemanager.getfixtureinfo(
                  self.parent, self.obj, self.cls,
                  funcargs=not self._isyieldedfunction())
          self._fixtureinfo = fixtureinfo
          self.fixturenames = fixtureinfo.names_closure
          self._initrequest()
  
          #: original function name, without any decorations (for example
          #: parametrization adds a ``"[...]"`` suffix to function names).
          #:
          #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
          self.originalname = originalname
  
      def _initrequest(self):
          self.funcargs = {}
          if self._isyieldedfunction():
              assert not hasattr(self, "callspec"), (
                  "yielded functions (deprecated) cannot have funcargs")
          else:
              if hasattr(self, "callspec"):
                  callspec = self.callspec
                  assert not callspec.funcargs
                  self._genid = callspec.id
                  if hasattr(callspec, "param"):
                      self.param = callspec.param
          self._request = fixtures.FixtureRequest(self)
  
      @property
      def function(self):
          "underlying python 'function' object"
          return getattr(self.obj, 'im_func', self.obj)
  
      def _getobj(self):
          name = self.name
          i = name.find("[")  # parametrization
          if i != -1:
              name = name[:i]
          return getattr(self.parent.obj, name)
  
      @property
      def _pyfuncitem(self):
          "(compatonly) for code expecting pytest-2.2 style request objects"
          return self
  
      def _isyieldedfunction(self):
          return getattr(self, "_args", None) is not None
  
      def runtest(self):
          """ execute the underlying test function. """
          self.ihook.pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem=self)
  
      def setup(self):
          super(Function, self).setup()
          fixtures.fillfixtures(self)
  