text: /*!
   * express
   * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
   * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
   * MIT Licensed
   */
  
  'use strict';
  
  /**
   * Module dependencies.
   * @private
   */
  
  var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition');
  var deprecate = require('depd')('express');
  var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl');
  var escapeHtml = require('escape-html');
  var http = require('http');
  var onFinished = require('on-finished');
  var path = require('path');
  var pathIsAbsolute = require('path-is-absolute');
  var statuses = require('statuses')
  var merge = require('utils-merge');
  var sign = require('cookie-signature').sign;
  var normalizeType = require('./utils').normalizeType;
  var normalizeTypes = require('./utils').normalizeTypes;
  var setCharset = require('./utils').setCharset;
  var cookie = require('cookie');
  var send = require('send');
  var extname = path.extname;
  var mime = send.mime;
  var resolve = path.resolve;
  var vary = require('vary');
  
  /**
   * Response prototype.
   * @public
   */
  
  var res = Object.create(http.ServerResponse.prototype)
  
  /**
   * Module exports.
   * @public
   */
  
  module.exports = res
  
  /**
   * Module variables.
   * @private
   */
  
  var charsetRegExp = /;\s*charset\s*=/;
  
  /**
   * Set status `code`.
   *
   * @param {Number} code
   * @return {ServerResponse}
   * @public
   */
  
  res.status = function status(code) {
    this.statusCode = code;
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Set Link header field with the given `links`.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *    res.links({
   *      next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
   *      last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
   *    });
   *
   * @param {Object} links
   * @return {ServerResponse}
   * @public
   */
  
  res.links = function(links){
    var link = this.get('Link') || '';
    if (link) link += ', ';
    return this.set('Link', link + Object.keys(links).map(function(rel){
      return '<' + links[rel] + '>; rel="' + rel + '"';
    }).join(', '));
  };
  
  /**
   * Send a response.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *     res.send(new Buffer('wahoo'));
   *     res.send({ some: 'json' });
   *     res.send('<p>some html</p>');
   *
   * @param {string|number|boolean|object|Buffer} body
   * @public
   */
  
  res.send = function send(body) {
    var chunk = body;
    var encoding;
    var len;
    var req = this.req;
    var type;
  
    // settings
    var app = this.app;
  
    // support res.send(status, body)
    if (arguments.length === 2) {
      deprecate('res.send(status, body): Use res.status(status).send(body) instead');
      this.statusCode = arguments[0];
      chunk = arguments[1];
    }
  
    switch (typeof chunk) {
      // string defaulting to html
      case 'string':
        if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
          this.type('html');
        }
        break;
      case 'boolean':
      case 'number':
      case 'object':
        if (chunk === null) {
          chunk = '';
        } else if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
          if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
            this.type('bin');
          }
        } else {
          return this.json(chunk);
        }
        break;
    }
  
    // write strings in utf-8
    if (typeof chunk === 'string') {
      encoding = 'utf8';
      type = this.get('Content-Type');
  
      // reflect this in content-type
      if (typeof type === 'string') {
        this.set('Content-Type', setCharset(type, 'utf-8'));
      }
    }
  
    // populate Content-Length
    if (chunk !== undefined) {
      if (!Buffer.isBuffer(chunk)) {
        // convert chunk to Buffer; saves later double conversions
        chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
        encoding = undefined;
      }
  
      len = chunk.length;
      this.set('Content-Length', len);
    }
  
    // populate ETag
    var etag;
    var generateETag = len !== undefined && app.get('etag fn');
    if (typeof generateETag === 'function' && !this.get('ETag')) {
      if ((etag = generateETag(chunk, encoding))) {
        this.set('ETag', etag);
      }
    }
  
    // freshness
    if (req.fresh) this.statusCode = 304;
  
    // strip irrelevant headers
    if (204 === this.statusCode || 304 === this.statusCode) {
      this.removeHeader('Content-Type');
      this.removeHeader('Content-Length');
      this.removeHeader('Transfer-Encoding');
      chunk = '';
    }
  
    if (req.method === 'HEAD') {
      // skip body for HEAD
      this.end();
    } else {
      // respond
      this.end(chunk, encoding);
    }
  
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Send JSON response.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *     res.json(null);
   *     res.json({ user: 'tj' });
   *
   * @param {string|number|boolean|object} obj
   * @public
   */
  
  res.json = function json(obj) {
    // settings
    var app = this.app;
    var replacer = app.get('json replacer');
    var spaces = app.get('json spaces');
    var body = stringify(obj, replacer, spaces);
  
    // content-type
    if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
      this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
    }
  
    return this.send(body);
  };
  
  /**
   * Send JSON response with JSONP callback support.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *     res.jsonp(null);
   *     res.jsonp({ user: 'tj' });
   *
   * @param {string|number|boolean|object} obj
   * @public
   */
  
  res.jsonp = function jsonp(obj) {
    // settings
    var app = this.app;
    var replacer = app.get('json replacer');
    var spaces = app.get('json spaces');
    var body = stringify(obj, replacer, spaces);
    var callback = this.req.query[app.get('jsonp callback name')];
  
    // content-type
    if (!this.get('Content-Type')) {
      this.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
      this.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
    }
  
    // fixup callback
    if (Array.isArray(callback)) {
      callback = callback[0];
    }
  
    // jsonp
    if (typeof callback === 'string' && callback.length !== 0) {
      this.charset = 'utf-8';
      this.set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
      this.set('Content-Type', 'text/javascript');
  
      // restrict callback charset
      callback = callback.replace(/[^\[\]\w$.]/g, '');
  
      // replace chars not allowed in JavaScript that are in JSON
      body = body
        .replace(/\u2028/g, '\\u2028')
        .replace(/\u2029/g, '\\u2029');
  
      // the /**/ is a specific security mitigation for "Rosetta Flash JSONP abuse"
      // the typeof check is just to reduce client error noise
      body = '/**/ typeof ' + callback + ' === \'function\' && ' + callback + '(' + body + ');';
    }
  
    return this.send(body);
  };
  
  /**
   * Send given HTTP status code.
   *
   * Sets the response status to `statusCode` and the body of the
   * response to the standard description from node's http.STATUS_CODES
   * or the statusCode number if no description.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *     res.sendStatus(200);
   *
   * @param {number} statusCode
   * @public
   */
  
  res.sendStatus = function sendStatus(statusCode) {
    var body = statuses[statusCode] || String(statusCode)
  
    this.statusCode = statusCode;
    this.type('txt');
  
    return this.send(body);
  };
  
  /**
   * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
   *
   * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
   * The callback `callback(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
   * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.sentHeader`
   * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
   * may have already been transferred.
   *
   * Options:
   *
   *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
   *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
   *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
   *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
   *
   * Other options are passed along to `send`.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendFile()` may
   *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
   *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendFile()` is actually
   *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
   *
   *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
   *       var uid = req.params.uid
   *         , file = req.params.file;
   *
   *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
   *         if (yes) {
   *           res.sendFile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
   *         } else {
   *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
   *         }
   *       });
   *     });
   *
   * @public
   */
  
  res.sendFile = function sendFile(path, options, callback) {
    var done = callback;
    var req = this.req;
    var res = this;
    var next = req.next;
    var opts = options || {};
  
    if (!path) {
      throw new TypeError('path argument is required to res.sendFile');
    }
  
    // support function as second arg
    if (typeof options === 'function') {
      done = options;
      opts = {};
    }
  
    if (!opts.root && !pathIsAbsolute(path)) {
      throw new TypeError('path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile');
    }
  
    // create file stream
    var pathname = encodeURI(path);
    var file = send(req, pathname, opts);
  
    // transfer
    sendfile(res, file, opts, function (err) {
      if (done) return done(err);
      if (err && err.code === 'EISDIR') return next();
  
      // next() all but write errors
      if (err && err.code !== 'ECONNABORTED' && err.syscall !== 'write') {
        next(err);
      }
    });
  };
  
  /**
   * Transfer the file at the given `path` as an attachment.
   *
   * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
   * and optional callback `callback(err)`. The callback is invoked
   * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
   * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headersSent` if you plan to respond.
   *
   * This method uses `res.sendFile()`.
   *
   * @public
   */
  
  res.download = function download(path, filename, callback) {
    var done = callback;
    var name = filename;
  
    // support function as second arg
    if (typeof filename === 'function') {
      done = filename;
      name = null;
    }
  
    // set Content-Disposition when file is sent
    var headers = {
      'Content-Disposition': contentDisposition(name || path)
    };
  
    // Resolve the full path for sendFile
    var fullPath = resolve(path);
  
    return this.sendFile(fullPath, { headers: headers }, done);
  };
  
  /**
   * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
   * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *     res.type('.html');
   *     res.type('html');
   *     res.type('json');
   *     res.type('application/json');
   *     res.type('png');
   *
   * @param {String} type
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.contentType =
  res.type = function contentType(type) {
    var ct = type.indexOf('/') === -1
      ? mime.lookup(type)
      : type;
  
    return this.set('Content-Type', ct);
  };
  
  /**
   * Respond to the Acceptable formats using an `obj`
   * of mime-type callbacks.
   *
   * This method uses `req.accepted`, an array of
   * acceptable types ordered by their quality values.
   * When "Accept" is not present the _first_ callback
   * is invoked, otherwise the first match is used. When
   * no match is performed the server responds with
   * 406 "Not Acceptable".
   *
   * Content-Type is set for you, however if you choose
   * you may alter this within the callback using `res.type()`
   * or `res.set('Content-Type', ...)`.
   *
   *    res.format({
   *      'text/plain': function(){
   *        res.send('hey');
   *      },
   *
   *      'text/html': function(){
   *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
   *      },
   *
   *      'appliation/json': function(){
   *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
   *      }
   *    });
   *
   * In addition to canonicalized MIME types you may
   * also use extnames mapped to these types:
   *
   *    res.format({
   *      text: function(){
   *        res.send('hey');
   *      },
   *
   *      html: function(){
   *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
   *      },
   *
   *      json: function(){
   *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
   *      }
   *    });
   *
   * By default Express passes an `Error`
   * with a `.status` of 406 to `next(err)`
   * if a match is not made. If you provide
   * a `.default` callback it will be invoked
   * instead.
   *
   * @param {Object} obj
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.format = function(obj){
    var req = this.req;
    var next = req.next;
  
    var fn = obj.default;
    if (fn) delete obj.default;
    var keys = Object.keys(obj);
  
    var key = keys.length > 0
      ? req.accepts(keys)
      : false;
  
    this.vary("Accept");
  
    if (key) {
      this.set('Content-Type', normalizeType(key).value);
      obj[key](req, this, next);
    } else if (fn) {
      fn();
    } else {
      var err = new Error('Not Acceptable');
      err.status = err.statusCode = 406;
      err.types = normalizeTypes(keys).map(function(o){ return o.value });
      next(err);
    }
  
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Set _Content-Disposition_ header to _attachment_ with optional `filename`.
   *
   * @param {String} filename
   * @return {ServerResponse}
   * @public
   */
  
  res.attachment = function attachment(filename) {
    if (filename) {
      this.type(extname(filename));
    }
  
    this.set('Content-Disposition', contentDisposition(filename));
  
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Append additional header `field` with value `val`.
   *
   * Example:
   *
   *    res.append('Link', ['<http://localhost/>', '<http://localhost:3000/>']);
   *    res.append('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar; Path=/; HttpOnly');
   *    res.append('Warning', '199 Miscellaneous warning');
   *
   * @param {String} field
   * @param {String|Array} val
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.append = function append(field, val) {
    var prev = this.get(field);
    var value = val;
  
    if (prev) {
      // concat the new and prev vals
      value = Array.isArray(prev) ? prev.concat(val)
        : Array.isArray(val) ? [prev].concat(val)
        : [prev, val];
    }
  
    return this.set(field, value);
  };
  
  /**
   * Set header `field` to `val`, or pass
   * an object of header fields.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *    res.set('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
   *    res.set('Accept', 'application/json');
   *    res.set({ Accept: 'text/plain', 'X-API-Key': 'tobi' });
   *
   * Aliased as `res.header()`.
   *
   * @param {String|Object} field
   * @param {String|Array} val
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.set =
  res.header = function header(field, val) {
    if (arguments.length === 2) {
      var value = Array.isArray(val)
        ? val.map(String)
        : String(val);
  
      // add charset to content-type
      if (field.toLowerCase() === 'content-type' && !charsetRegExp.test(value)) {
        var charset = mime.charsets.lookup(value.split(';')[0]);
        if (charset) value += '; charset=' + charset.toLowerCase();
      }
  
      this.setHeader(field, value);
    } else {
      for (var key in field) {
        this.set(key, field[key]);
      }
    }
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Get value for header `field`.
   *
   * @param {String} field
   * @return {String}
   * @public
   */
  
  res.get = function(field){
    return this.getHeader(field);
  };
  
  /**
   * Clear cookie `name`.
   *
   * @param {String} name
   * @param {Object} [options]
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.clearCookie = function clearCookie(name, options) {
    var opts = merge({ expires: new Date(1), path: '/' }, options);
  
    return this.cookie(name, '', opts);
  };
  
  /**
   * Set cookie `name` to `value`, with the given `options`.
   *
   * Options:
   *
   *    - `maxAge`   max-age in milliseconds, converted to `expires`
   *    - `signed`   sign the cookie
   *    - `path`     defaults to "/"
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *    // "Remember Me" for 15 minutes
   *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true });
   *
   *    // save as above
   *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })
   *
   * @param {String} name
   * @param {String|Object} value
   * @param {Options} options
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.cookie = function (name, value, options) {
    var opts = merge({}, options);
    var secret = this.req.secret;
    var signed = opts.signed;
  
    if (signed && !secret) {
      throw new Error('cookieParser("secret") required for signed cookies');
    }
  
    var val = typeof value === 'object'
      ? 'j:' + JSON.stringify(value)
      : String(value);
  
    if (signed) {
      val = 's:' + sign(val, secret);
    }
  
    if ('maxAge' in opts) {
      opts.expires = new Date(Date.now() + opts.maxAge);
      opts.maxAge /= 1000;
    }
  
    if (opts.path == null) {
      opts.path = '/';
    }
  
    this.append('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize(name, String(val), opts));
  
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Set the location header to `url`.
   *
   * The given `url` can also be "back", which redirects
   * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *    res.location('/foo/bar').;
   *    res.location('http://example.com');
   *    res.location('../login');
   *
   * @param {String} url
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.location = function location(url) {
    var loc = url;
  
    // "back" is an alias for the referrer
    if (url === 'back') {
      loc = this.req.get('Referrer') || '/';
    }
  
    // set location
    return this.set('Location', encodeUrl(loc));
  };
  
  /**
   * Redirect to the given `url` with optional response `status`
   * defaulting to 302.
   *
   * The resulting `url` is determined by `res.location()`, so
   * it will play nicely with mounted apps, relative paths,
   * `"back"` etc.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   *    res.redirect('/foo/bar');
   *    res.redirect('http://example.com');
   *    res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com');
   *    res.redirect('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
   *
   * @public
   */
  
  res.redirect = function redirect(url) {
    var address = url;
    var body;
    var status = 302;
  
    // allow status / url
    if (arguments.length === 2) {
      if (typeof arguments[0] === 'number') {
        status = arguments[0];
        address = arguments[1];
      } else {
        deprecate('res.redirect(url, status): Use res.redirect(status, url) instead');
        status = arguments[1];
      }
    }
  
    // Set location header
    address = this.location(address).get('Location');
  
    // Support text/{plain,html} by default
    this.format({
      text: function(){
        body = statuses[status] + '. Redirecting to ' + address
      },
  
      html: function(){
        var u = escapeHtml(address);
        body = '<p>' + statuses[status] + '. Redirecting to <a href="' + u + '">' + u + '</a></p>'
      },
  
      default: function(){
        body = '';
      }
    });
  
    // Respond
    this.statusCode = status;
    this.set('Content-Length', Buffer.byteLength(body));
  
    if (this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
      this.end();
    } else {
      this.end(body);
    }
  };
  
  /**
   * Add `field` to Vary. If already present in the Vary set, then
   * this call is simply ignored.
   *
   * @param {Array|String} field
   * @return {ServerResponse} for chaining
   * @public
   */
  
  res.vary = function(field){
    vary(this, field);
  
    return this;
  };
  
  /**
   * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
   * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made
   * automatically, otherwise a response of _200_ and _text/html_ is given.
   *
   * Options:
   *
   *  - `cache`     boolean hinting to the engine it should cache
   *  - `filename`  filename of the view being rendered
   *
   * @public
   */
  
  res.render = function render(view, options, callback) {
    var app = this.req.app;
    var done = callback;
    var opts = options || {};
    var req = this.req;
    var self = this;
  
    // support callback function as second arg
    if (typeof options === 'function') {
      done = options;
      opts = {};
    }
  
    // merge res.locals
    opts._locals = self.locals;
  
    // default callback to respond
    done = done || function (err, str) {
      if (err) return req.next(err);
      self.send(str);
    };
  
    // render
    app.render(view, opts, done);
  };
  
  // pipe the send file stream
  function sendfile(res, file, options, callback) {
    var done = false;
    var streaming;
  
    // request aborted
    function onaborted() {
      if (done) return;
      done = true;
  
      var err = new Error('Request aborted');
      err.code = 'ECONNABORTED';
      callback(err);
    }
  
    // directory
    function ondirectory() {
      if (done) return;
      done = true;
  
      var err = new Error('EISDIR, read');
      err.code = 'EISDIR';
      callback(err);
    }
  
    // errors
    function onerror(err) {
      if (done) return;
      done = true;
      callback(err);
    }
  
    // ended
    function onend() {
      if (done) return;
      done = true;
      callback();
    }
  
    // file
    function onfile() {
      streaming = false;
    }
  
    // finished
    function onfinish(err) {
      if (err && err.code === 'ECONNRESET') return onaborted();
      if (err) return onerror(err);
      if (done) return;
  
      setImmediate(function () {
        if (streaming !== false && !done) {
          onaborted();
          return;
        }
  
        if (done) return;
        done = true;
        callback();
      });
    }
  
    // streaming
    function onstream() {
      streaming = true;
    }
  
    file.on('directory', ondirectory);
    file.on('end', onend);
    file.on('error', onerror);
    file.on('file', onfile);
    file.on('stream', onstream);
    onFinished(res, onfinish);
  
    if (options.headers) {
      // set headers on successful transfer
      file.on('headers', function headers(res) {
        var obj = options.headers;
        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
  
        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
          var k = keys[i];
          res.setHeader(k, obj[k]);
        }
      });
    }
  
    // pipe
    file.pipe(res);
  }
  
  /**
   * Stringify JSON, like JSON.stringify, but v8 optimized.
   * @private
   */
  
  function stringify(value, replacer, spaces) {
    // v8 checks arguments.length for optimizing simple call
    // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=4730
    return replacer || spaces
      ? JSON.stringify(value, replacer, spaces)
      : JSON.stringify(value);
  }
  