text: 'use strict';
  
  //  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  const Exchange = require ('./base/Exchange');
  const { AuthenticationError, ExchangeError, NotSupported, PermissionDenied, InvalidNonce, OrderNotFound, InsufficientFunds, InvalidAddress, InvalidOrder, ArgumentsRequired, OnMaintenance, ExchangeNotAvailable } = require ('./base/errors');
  
  //  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  module.exports = class bitstamp extends Exchange {
      describe () {
          return this.deepExtend (super.describe (), {
              'id': 'bitstamp',
              'name': 'Bitstamp',
              'countries': [ 'GB' ],
              'rateLimit': 1000,
              'version': 'v2',
              'userAgent': this.userAgents['chrome'],
              'pro': true,
              'has': {
                  'CORS': true,
                  'cancelOrder': true,
                  'createOrder': true,
                  'fetchBalance': true,
                  'fetchDepositAddress': true,
                  'fetchMarkets': true,
                  'fetchCurrencies': true,
                  'fetchMyTrades': true,
                  'fetchOHLCV': true,
                  'fetchOpenOrders': true,
                  'fetchOrder': true,
                  'fetchOrderBook': true,
                  'fetchTicker': true,
                  'fetchTrades': true,
                  'fetchTransactions': true,
                  'fetchWithdrawals': true,
                  'withdraw': true,
                  'fetchTradingFee': true,
                  'fetchTradingFees': true,
                  'fetchFundingFees': true,
                  'fetchFees': true,
                  'fetchLedger': true,
              },
              'urls': {
                  'logo': 'https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1294454/27786377-8c8ab57e-5fe9-11e7-8ea4-2b05b6bcceec.jpg',
                  'api': {
                      'public': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
                      'private': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
                      'v1': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
                  },
                  'www': 'https://www.bitstamp.net',
                  'doc': 'https://www.bitstamp.net/api',
              },
              'timeframes': {
                  '1m': '60',
                  '3m': '180',
                  '5m': '300',
                  '15m': '900',
                  '30m': '1800',
                  '1h': '3600',
                  '2h': '7200',
                  '4h': '14400',
                  '6h': '21600',
                  '12h': '43200',
                  '1d': '86400',
                  '1w': '259200',
              },
              'requiredCredentials': {
                  'apiKey': true,
                  'secret': true,
                  'uid': true,
              },
              'api': {
                  'public': {
                      'get': [
                          'ohlc/{pair}/',
                          'order_book/{pair}/',
                          'ticker_hour/{pair}/',
                          'ticker/{pair}/',
                          'transactions/{pair}/',
                          'trading-pairs-info/',
                      ],
                  },
                  'private': {
                      'post': [
                          'balance/',
                          'balance/{pair}/',
                          'bch_withdrawal/',
                          'bch_address/',
                          'user_transactions/',
                          'user_transactions/{pair}/',
                          'open_orders/all/',
                          'open_orders/{pair}/',
                          'order_status/',
                          'cancel_order/',
                          'buy/{pair}/',
                          'buy/market/{pair}/',
                          'buy/instant/{pair}/',
                          'sell/{pair}/',
                          'sell/market/{pair}/',
                          'sell/instant/{pair}/',
                          'btc_withdrawal/',
                          'btc_address/',
                          'ripple_withdrawal/',
                          'ripple_address/',
                          'ltc_withdrawal/',
                          'ltc_address/',
                          'eth_withdrawal/',
                          'eth_address/',
                          'xrp_withdrawal/',
                          'xrp_address/',
                          'xlm_withdrawal/',
                          'xlm_address/',
                          'pax_withdrawal/',
                          'pax_address/',
                          'link_withdrawal/',
                          'link_address/',
                          'usdc_withdrawal/',
                          'usdc_address/',
                          'omg_withdrawal/',
                          'omg_address/',
                          'dai_withdrawal/',
                          'dai_address/',
                          'knc_withdrawal/',
                          'knc_address/',
                          'mkr_withdrawal/',
                          'mkr_address/',
                          'zrx_withdrawal/',
                          'zrx_address/',
                          'gusd_withdrawal/',
                          'gusd_address/',
                          'aave_withdrawal/',
                          'aave_address/',
                          'bat_withdrawal/',
                          'bat_address/',
                          'uma_withdrawal/',
                          'uma_address/',
                          'snx_withdrawal/',
                          'snx_address/',
                          'uni_withdrawal/',
                          'uni_address/',
                          'yfi_withdrawal/',
                          'yfi_address',
                          'audio_withdrawal/',
                          'audio_address/',
                          'crv_withdrawal/',
                          'crv_address/',
                          'algo_withdrawal/',
                          'algo_address/',
                          'comp_withdrawal/',
                          'comp_address/',
                          'grt_withdrawal',
                          'grt_address/',
                          'usdt_withdrawal/',
                          'usdt_address/',
                          'transfer-to-main/',
                          'transfer-from-main/',
                          'withdrawal-requests/',
                          'withdrawal/open/',
                          'withdrawal/status/',
                          'withdrawal/cancel/',
                          'liquidation_address/new/',
                          'liquidation_address/info/',
                      ],
                  },
                  'v1': {
                      'post': [
                          'unconfirmed_btc/',
                      ],
                  },
              },
              'fees': {
                  'trading': {
                      'tierBased': true,
                      'percentage': true,
                      'taker': 0.5 / 100,
                      'maker': 0.5 / 100,
                      'tiers': {
                          'taker': [
                              [0, 0.5 / 100],
                              [20000, 0.25 / 100],
                              [100000, 0.24 / 100],
                              [200000, 0.22 / 100],
                              [400000, 0.20 / 100],
                              [600000, 0.15 / 100],
                              [1000000, 0.14 / 100],
                              [2000000, 0.13 / 100],
                              [4000000, 0.12 / 100],
                              [20000000, 0.11 / 100],
                              [50000000, 0.10 / 100],
                              [100000000, 0.07 / 100],
                              [500000000, 0.05 / 100],
                              [2000000000, 0.03 / 100],
                              [6000000000, 0.01 / 100],
                              [10000000000, 0.005 / 100],
                              [10000000001, 0.0],
                          ],
                          'maker': [
                              [0, 0.5 / 100],
                              [20000, 0.25 / 100],
                              [100000, 0.24 / 100],
                              [200000, 0.22 / 100],
                              [400000, 0.20 / 100],
                              [600000, 0.15 / 100],
                              [1000000, 0.14 / 100],
                              [2000000, 0.13 / 100],
                              [4000000, 0.12 / 100],
                              [20000000, 0.11 / 100],
                              [50000000, 0.10 / 100],
                              [100000000, 0.07 / 100],
                              [500000000, 0.05 / 100],
                              [2000000000, 0.03 / 100],
                              [6000000000, 0.01 / 100],
                              [10000000000, 0.005 / 100],
                              [10000000001, 0.0],
                          ],
                      },
                  },
                  'funding': {
                      'tierBased': false,
                      'percentage': false,
                      'withdraw': {
                          'BTC': 0.0005,
                          'BCH': 0.0001,
                          'LTC': 0.001,
                          'ETH': 0.001,
                          'XRP': 0.02,
                          'XLM': 0.005,
                          'PAX': 0.5,
                          'USD': 25,
                          'EUR': 3.0,
                      },
                      'deposit': {
                          'BTC': 0,
                          'BCH': 0,
                          'LTC': 0,
                          'ETH': 0,
                          'XRP': 0,
                          'XLM': 0,
                          'PAX': 0,
                          'USD': 7.5,
                          'EUR': 0,
                      },
                  },
              },
              'exceptions': {
                  'exact': {
                      'No permission found': PermissionDenied,
                      'API key not found': AuthenticationError,
                      'IP address not allowed': PermissionDenied,
                      'Invalid nonce': InvalidNonce,
                      'Invalid signature': AuthenticationError,
                      'Authentication failed': AuthenticationError,
                      'Missing key, signature and nonce parameters': AuthenticationError,
                      'Your account is frozen': PermissionDenied,
                      'Please update your profile with your FATCA information, before using API.': PermissionDenied,
                      'Order not found': OrderNotFound,
                      'Price is more than 20% below market price.': InvalidOrder,
                      'Bitstamp.net is under scheduled maintenance.': OnMaintenance, // { "error": "Bitstamp.net is under scheduled maintenance. We'll be back soon." }
                      'Order could not be placed.': ExchangeNotAvailable, // Order could not be placed (perhaps due to internal error or trade halt). Please retry placing order.
                  },
                  'broad': {
                      'Minimum order size is': InvalidOrder, // Minimum order size is 5.0 EUR.
                      'Check your account balance for details.': InsufficientFunds, // You have only 0.00100000 BTC available. Check your account balance for details.
                      'Ensure this value has at least': InvalidAddress, // Ensure this value has at least 25 characters (it has 4).
                  },
              },
          });
      }
  
      async fetchMarkets (params = {}) {
          const response = await this.fetchMarketsFromCache (params);
          const result = [];
          for (let i = 0; i < response.length; i++) {
              const market = response[i];
              const name = this.safeString (market, 'name');
              let [ base, quote ] = name.split ('/');
              const baseId = base.toLowerCase ();
              const quoteId = quote.toLowerCase ();
              base = this.safeCurrencyCode (base);
              quote = this.safeCurrencyCode (quote);
              const symbol = base + '/' + quote;
              const symbolId = baseId + '_' + quoteId;
              const id = this.safeString (market, 'url_symbol');
              const amountPrecisionString = this.safeString (market, 'base_decimals');
              const pricePrecisionString = this.safeString (market, 'counter_decimals');
              const amountLimit = this.parsePrecision (amountPrecisionString);
              const priceLimit = this.parsePrecision (pricePrecisionString);
              const precision = {
                  'amount': parseInt (amountPrecisionString),
                  'price': parseInt (pricePrecisionString),
              };
              const minimumOrder = this.safeString (market, 'minimum_order');
              const parts = minimumOrder.split (' ');
              const cost = parts[0];
              // let [ cost, currency ] = market['minimum_order'].split (' ');
              const trading = this.safeString (market, 'trading');
              const active = (trading === 'Enabled');
              result.push ({
                  'id': id,
                  'symbol': symbol,
                  'base': base,
                  'quote': quote,
                  'baseId': baseId,
                  'quoteId': quoteId,
                  'symbolId': symbolId,
                  'info': market,
                  'active': active,
                  'precision': precision,
                  'limits': {
                      'amount': {
                          'min': this.parseNumber (amountLimit),
                          'max': undefined,
                      },
                      'price': {
                          'min': this.parseNumber (priceLimit),
                          'max': undefined,
                      },
                      'cost': {
                          'min': this.parseNumber (cost),
                          'max': undefined,
                      },
                  },
              });
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      constructCurrencyObject (id, code, name, precision, minCost, originalPayload) {
          let currencyType = 'crypto';
          const description = this.describe ();
          if (this.isFiat (code)) {
              currencyType = 'fiat';
          }
          return {
              'id': id,
              'code': code,
              'info': originalPayload, // the original payload
              'type': currencyType,
              'name': name,
              'active': true,
              'fee': this.safeNumber (description['fees']['funding']['withdraw'], code),
              'precision': precision,
              'limits': {
                  'amount': {
                      'min': Math.pow (10, -precision),
                      'max': undefined,
                  },
                  'price': {
                      'min': Math.pow (10, -precision),
                      'max': undefined,
                  },
                  'cost': {
                      'min': minCost,
                      'max': undefined,
                  },
                  'withdraw': {
                      'min': undefined,
                      'max': undefined,
                  },
              },
          };
      }
  
      async fetchMarketsFromCache (params = {}) {
          // this method is now redundant
          // currencies are now fetched before markets
          const options = this.safeValue (this.options, 'fetchMarkets', {});
          const timestamp = this.safeInteger (options, 'timestamp');
          const expires = this.safeInteger (options, 'expires', 1000);
          const now = this.milliseconds ();
          if ((timestamp === undefined) || ((now - timestamp) > expires)) {
              const response = await this.publicGetTradingPairsInfo (params);
              this.options['fetchMarkets'] = this.extend (options, {
                  'response': response,
                  'timestamp': now,
              });
          }
          return this.safeValue (this.options['fetchMarkets'], 'response');
      }
  
      async fetchCurrencies (params = {}) {
          const response = await this.fetchMarketsFromCache (params);
          const result = {};
          for (let i = 0; i < response.length; i++) {
              const market = response[i];
              const name = this.safeString (market, 'name');
              let [ base, quote ] = name.split ('/');
              const baseId = base.toLowerCase ();
              const quoteId = quote.toLowerCase ();
              base = this.safeCurrencyCode (base);
              quote = this.safeCurrencyCode (quote);
              const description = this.safeString (market, 'description');
              const [ baseDescription, quoteDescription ] = description.split (' / ');
              const minimumOrder = this.safeString (market, 'minimum_order');
              const parts = minimumOrder.split (' ');
              const cost = parts[0];
              if (!(base in result)) {
                  const baseDecimals = this.safeInteger (market, 'base_decimals');
                  result[base] = this.constructCurrencyObject (baseId, base, baseDescription, baseDecimals, undefined, market);
              }
              if (!(quote in result)) {
                  const counterDecimals = this.safeInteger (market, 'counter_decimals');
                  result[quote] = this.constructCurrencyObject (quoteId, quote, quoteDescription, counterDecimals, parseFloat (cost), market);
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      async fetchOrderBook (symbol, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {
              'pair': this.marketId (symbol),
          };
          const response = await this.publicGetOrderBookPair (this.extend (request, params));
          //
          //     {
          //         "timestamp": "1583652948",
          //         "microtimestamp": "1583652948955826",
          //         "bids": [
          //             [ "8750.00", "1.33685271" ],
          //             [ "8749.39", "0.07700000" ],
          //             [ "8746.98", "0.07400000" ],
          //         ]
          //         "asks": [
          //             [ "8754.10", "1.51995636" ],
          //             [ "8754.71", "1.40000000" ],
          //             [ "8754.72", "2.50000000" ],
          //         ]
          //     }
          //
          const microtimestamp = this.safeInteger (response, 'microtimestamp');
          const timestamp = parseInt (microtimestamp / 1000);
          const orderbook = this.parseOrderBook (response, symbol, timestamp);
          orderbook['nonce'] = microtimestamp;
          return orderbook;
      }
  
      async fetchTicker (symbol, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {
              'pair': this.marketId (symbol),
          };
          const ticker = await this.publicGetTickerPair (this.extend (request, params));
          const timestamp = this.safeTimestamp (ticker, 'timestamp');
          const vwap = this.safeNumber (ticker, 'vwap');
          const baseVolume = this.safeNumber (ticker, 'volume');
          let quoteVolume = undefined;
          if (baseVolume !== undefined && vwap !== undefined) {
              quoteVolume = baseVolume * vwap;
          }
          const last = this.safeNumber (ticker, 'last');
          return {
              'symbol': symbol,
              'timestamp': timestamp,
              'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
              'high': this.safeNumber (ticker, 'high'),
              'low': this.safeNumber (ticker, 'low'),
              'bid': this.safeNumber (ticker, 'bid'),
              'bidVolume': undefined,
              'ask': this.safeNumber (ticker, 'ask'),
              'askVolume': undefined,
              'vwap': vwap,
              'open': this.safeNumber (ticker, 'open'),
              'close': last,
              'last': last,
              'previousClose': undefined,
              'change': undefined,
              'percentage': undefined,
              'average': undefined,
              'baseVolume': baseVolume,
              'quoteVolume': quoteVolume,
              'info': ticker,
          };
      }
  
      getCurrencyIdFromTransaction (transaction) {
          //
          //     {
          //         "fee": "0.00000000",
          //         "btc_usd": "0.00",
          //         "datetime": XXX,
          //         "usd": 0.0,
          //         "btc": 0.0,
          //         "eth": "0.05000000",
          //         "type": "0",
          //         "id": XXX,
          //         "eur": 0.0
          //     }
          //
          const currencyId = this.safeStringLower (transaction, 'currency');
          if (currencyId !== undefined) {
              return currencyId;
          }
          transaction = this.omit (transaction, [
              'fee',
              'price',
              'datetime',
              'type',
              'status',
              'id',
          ]);
          const ids = Object.keys (transaction);
          for (let i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
              const id = ids[i];
              if (id.indexOf ('_') < 0) {
                  const value = this.safeNumber (transaction, id);
                  if ((value !== undefined) && (value !== 0)) {
                      return id;
                  }
              }
          }
          return undefined;
      }
  
      getMarketFromTrade (trade) {
          trade = this.omit (trade, [
              'fee',
              'price',
              'datetime',
              'tid',
              'type',
              'order_id',
              'side',
          ]);
          const currencyIds = Object.keys (trade);
          const numCurrencyIds = currencyIds.length;
          if (numCurrencyIds > 2) {
              throw new ExchangeError (this.id + ' getMarketFromTrade too many keys: ' + this.json (currencyIds) + ' in the trade: ' + this.json (trade));
          }
          if (numCurrencyIds === 2) {
              let marketId = currencyIds[0] + currencyIds[1];
              if (marketId in this.markets_by_id) {
                  return this.markets_by_id[marketId];
              }
              marketId = currencyIds[1] + currencyIds[0];
              if (marketId in this.markets_by_id) {
                  return this.markets_by_id[marketId];
              }
          }
          return undefined;
      }
  
      getMarketFromTrades (trades) {
          const tradesBySymbol = this.indexBy (trades, 'symbol');
          const symbols = Object.keys (tradesBySymbol);
          const numSymbols = symbols.length;
          if (numSymbols === 1) {
              return this.markets[symbols[0]];
          }
          return undefined;
      }
  
      parseTrade (trade, market = undefined) {
          //
          // fetchTrades (public)
          //
          //     {
          //         date: '1551814435',
          //         tid: '83581898',
          //         price: '0.03532850',
          //         type: '1',
          //         amount: '0.85945907'
          //     },
          //
          // fetchMyTrades, trades returned within fetchOrder (private)
          //
          //     {
          //         "usd": "6.0134400000000000",
          //         "price": "4008.96000000",
          //         "datetime": "2019-03-28 23:07:37.233599",
          //         "fee": "0.02",
          //         "btc": "0.00150000",
          //         "tid": 84452058,
          //         "type": 2
          //     }
          //
          // from fetchOrder:
          //    { fee: '0.000019',
          //     price: '0.00015803',
          //     datetime: '2018-01-07 10:45:34.132551',
          //     btc: '0.0079015000000000',
          //     tid: 42777395,
          //     type: 2, //(0 - deposit; 1 - withdrawal; 2 - market trade) NOT buy/sell
          //     xrp: '50.00000000' }
          const id = this.safeString2 (trade, 'id', 'tid');
          let symbol = undefined;
          let side = undefined;
          let price = this.safeNumber (trade, 'price');
          let amount = this.safeNumber (trade, 'amount');
          const orderId = this.safeString (trade, 'order_id');
          const type = undefined;
          let cost = this.safeNumber (trade, 'cost');
          if (market === undefined) {
              const keys = Object.keys (trade);
              for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
                  if (keys[i].indexOf ('_') >= 0) {
                      const marketId = keys[i].replace ('_', '');
                      if (marketId in this.markets_by_id) {
                          market = this.markets_by_id[marketId];
                      }
                  }
              }
              // if the market is still not defined
              // try to deduce it from used keys
              if (market === undefined) {
                  market = this.getMarketFromTrade (trade);
              }
          }
          const feeCost = this.safeNumber (trade, 'fee');
          let feeCurrency = undefined;
          if (market !== undefined) {
              price = this.safeNumber (trade, market['symbolId'], price);
              amount = this.safeNumber (trade, market['baseId'], amount);
              cost = this.safeNumber (trade, market['quoteId'], cost);
              feeCurrency = market['quote'];
              symbol = market['symbol'];
          }
          let timestamp = this.safeString2 (trade, 'date', 'datetime');
          if (timestamp !== undefined) {
              if (timestamp.indexOf (' ') >= 0) {
                  // iso8601
                  timestamp = this.parse8601 (timestamp);
              } else {
                  // string unix epoch in seconds
                  timestamp = parseInt (timestamp);
                  timestamp = timestamp * 1000;
              }
          }
          // if it is a private trade
          if ('id' in trade) {
              if (amount !== undefined) {
                  if (amount < 0) {
                      side = 'sell';
                      amount = -amount;
                  } else {
                      side = 'buy';
                  }
              }
          } else {
              side = this.safeString (trade, 'type');
              if (side === '1') {
                  side = 'sell';
              } else if (side === '0') {
                  side = 'buy';
              }
          }
          if (cost === undefined) {
              if (price !== undefined) {
                  if (amount !== undefined) {
                      cost = price * amount;
                  }
              }
          }
          if (cost !== undefined) {
              cost = Math.abs (cost);
          }
          let fee = undefined;
          if (feeCost !== undefined) {
              fee = {
                  'cost': feeCost,
                  'currency': feeCurrency,
              };
          }
          return {
              'id': id,
              'info': trade,
              'timestamp': timestamp,
              'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
              'symbol': symbol,
              'order': orderId,
              'type': type,
              'side': side,
              'takerOrMaker': undefined,
              'price': price,
              'amount': amount,
              'cost': cost,
              'fee': fee,
          };
      }
  
      parseTradingFee (balances, symbol) {
          const market = this.market (symbol);
          const tradeFee = this.safeNumber (balances, market['id'] + '_fee');
          return {
              'symbol': symbol,
              'maker': tradeFee,
              'taker': tradeFee,
          };
      }
  
      async fetchTrades (symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const market = this.market (symbol);
          const request = {
              'pair': market['id'],
              'time': 'hour',
          };
          const response = await this.publicGetTransactionsPair (this.extend (request, params));
          //
          //     [
          //         {
          //             date: '1551814435',
          //             tid: '83581898',
          //             price: '0.03532850',
          //             type: '1',
          //             amount: '0.85945907'
          //         },
          //         {
          //             date: '1551814434',
          //             tid: '83581896',
          //             price: '0.03532851',
          //             type: '1',
          //             amount: '11.34130961'
          //         },
          //     ]
          //
          return this.parseTrades (response, market, since, limit);
      }
  
      parseOHLCV (ohlcv, market = undefined) {
          //
          //     {
          //         "high": "9064.77",
          //         "timestamp": "1593961440",
          //         "volume": "18.49436608",
          //         "low": "9040.87",
          //         "close": "9064.77",
          //         "open": "9040.87"
          //     }
          //
          return [
              this.safeTimestamp (ohlcv, 'timestamp'),
              this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'open'),
              this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'high'),
              this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'low'),
              this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'close'),
              this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'volume'),
          ];
      }
  
      async fetchOHLCV (symbol, timeframe = '1m', since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const market = this.market (symbol);
          const request = {
              'pair': market['id'],
              'step': this.timeframes[timeframe],
          };
          const duration = this.parseTimeframe (timeframe);
          if (limit === undefined) {
              if (since === undefined) {
                  throw new ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' fetchOHLCV() requires a since argument or a limit argument');
              } else {
                  limit = 1000;
                  const start = parseInt (since / 1000);
                  request['start'] = start;
                  request['end'] = this.sum (start, limit * duration);
                  request['limit'] = limit;
              }
          } else {
              if (since !== undefined) {
                  const start = parseInt (since / 1000);
                  request['start'] = start;
                  request['end'] = this.sum (start, limit * duration);
              }
              request['limit'] = Math.min (limit, 1000); // min 1, max 1000
          }
          const response = await this.publicGetOhlcPair (this.extend (request, params));
          //
          //     {
          //         "data": {
          //             "pair": "BTC/USD",
          //             "ohlc": [
          //                 {"high": "9064.77", "timestamp": "1593961440", "volume": "18.49436608", "low": "9040.87", "close": "9064.77", "open": "9040.87"},
          //                 {"high": "9071.59", "timestamp": "1593961500", "volume": "3.48631711", "low": "9058.76", "close": "9061.07", "open": "9064.66"},
          //                 {"high": "9067.33", "timestamp": "1593961560", "volume": "0.04142833", "low": "9061.94", "close": "9061.94", "open": "9067.33"},
          //             ],
          //         }
          //     }
          //
          const data = this.safeValue (response, 'data', {});
          const ohlc = this.safeValue (data, 'ohlc', []);
          return this.parseOHLCVs (ohlc, market, timeframe, since, limit);
      }
  
      async fetchBalance (params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const balance = await this.privatePostBalance (params);
          //
          //     {
          //         "aave_available": "0.00000000",
          //         "aave_balance": "0.00000000",
          //         "aave_reserved": "0.00000000",
          //         "aave_withdrawal_fee": "0.07000000",
          //         "aavebtc_fee": "0.000",
          //         "aaveeur_fee": "0.000",
          //         "aaveusd_fee": "0.000",
          //         "bat_available": "0.00000000",
          //         "bat_balance": "0.00000000",
          //         "bat_reserved": "0.00000000",
          //         "bat_withdrawal_fee": "5.00000000",
          //         "batbtc_fee": "0.000",
          //         "bateur_fee": "0.000",
          //         "batusd_fee": "0.000",
          //     }
          //
          const result = {
              'info': balance,
              'timestamp': undefined,
              'datetime': undefined,
          };
          const codes = Object.keys (this.currencies);
          for (let i = 0; i < codes.length; i++) {
              const code = codes[i];
              const currency = this.currency (code);
              const currencyId = currency['id'];
              const account = this.account ();
              account['free'] = this.safeString (balance, currencyId + '_available');
              account['used'] = this.safeString (balance, currencyId + '_reserved');
              account['total'] = this.safeString (balance, currencyId + '_balance');
              result[code] = account;
          }
          return this.parseBalance (result, false);
      }
  
      async fetchTradingFee (symbol, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {};
          let method = 'privatePostBalance';
          let market = undefined;
          if (symbol !== undefined) {
              market = this.market (symbol);
              request['pair'] = market['id'];
              method += 'Pair';
          }
          const balance = await this[method] (this.extend (request, params));
          return {
              'info': balance,
              'symbol': symbol,
              'maker': balance['fee'],
              'taker': balance['fee'],
          };
      }
  
      praseTradingFees (balance) {
          const result = { 'info': balance };
          const markets = Object.keys (this.markets);
          for (let i = 0; i < markets.length; i++) {
              const symbol = markets[i];
              const fee = this.parseTradingFee (balance, symbol);
              result[symbol] = fee;
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      async fetchTradingFees (params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const balance = await this.privatePostBalance (params);
          return this.praseTradingFees (balance);
      }
  
      parseFundingFees (balance) {
          const withdraw = {};
          const ids = Object.keys (balance);
          for (let i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
              const id = ids[i];
              if (id.indexOf ('_withdrawal_fee') >= 0) {
                  const currencyId = id.split ('_')[0];
                  const code = this.safeCurrencyCode (currencyId);
                  withdraw[code] = this.safeNumber (balance, id);
              }
          }
          return {
              'info': balance,
              'withdraw': withdraw,
              'deposit': {},
          };
      }
  
      async fetchFundingFees (params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const balance = await this.privatePostBalance (params);
          return this.parseFundingFees (balance);
      }
  
      async fetchFees (params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const balance = await this.privatePostBalance (params);
          const tradingFees = this.praseTradingFees (balance);
          delete tradingFees['info'];
          const fundingFees = this.parseFundingFees (balance);
          delete fundingFees['info'];
          return {
              'info': balance,
              'trading': tradingFees,
              'funding': fundingFees,
          };
      }
  
      async createOrder (symbol, type, side, amount, price = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const market = this.market (symbol);
          let method = 'privatePost' + this.capitalize (side);
          const request = {
              'pair': market['id'],
              'amount': this.amountToPrecision (symbol, amount),
          };
          if (type === 'market') {
              method += 'Market';
          } else if (type === 'instant') {
              method += 'Instant';
          } else {
              request['price'] = this.priceToPrecision (symbol, price);
          }
          method += 'Pair';
          const response = await this[method] (this.extend (request, params));
          const order = this.parseOrder (response, market);
          return this.extend (order, {
              'type': type,
          });
      }
  
      async cancelOrder (id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {
              'id': id,
          };
          return await this.privatePostCancelOrder (this.extend (request, params));
      }
  
      parseOrderStatus (status) {
          const statuses = {
              'In Queue': 'open',
              'Open': 'open',
              'Finished': 'closed',
              'Canceled': 'canceled',
          };
          return this.safeString (statuses, status, status);
      }
  
      async fetchOrderStatus (id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {
              'id': id,
          };
          const response = await this.privatePostOrderStatus (this.extend (request, params));
          return this.parseOrderStatus (this.safeString (response, 'status'));
      }
  
      async fetchOrder (id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          let market = undefined;
          if (symbol !== undefined) {
              market = this.market (symbol);
          }
          const request = { 'id': id };
          const response = await this.privatePostOrderStatus (this.extend (request, params));
          //
          //     {
          //         "status": "Finished",
          //         "id": 3047704374,
          //         "transactions": [
          //             {
          //                 "usd": "6.0134400000000000",
          //                 "price": "4008.96000000",
          //                 "datetime": "2019-03-28 23:07:37.233599",
          //                 "fee": "0.02",
          //                 "btc": "0.00150000",
          //                 "tid": 84452058,
          //                 "type": 2
          //             }
          //         ]
          //     }
          return this.parseOrder (response, market);
      }
  
      async fetchMyTrades (symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {};
          let method = 'privatePostUserTransactions';
          let market = undefined;
          if (symbol !== undefined) {
              market = this.market (symbol);
              request['pair'] = market['id'];
              method += 'Pair';
          }
          if (limit !== undefined) {
              request['limit'] = limit;
          }
          const response = await this[method] (this.extend (request, params));
          const result = this.filterBy (response, 'type', '2');
          return this.parseTrades (result, market, since, limit);
      }
  
      async fetchTransactions (code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {};
          if (limit !== undefined) {
              request['limit'] = limit;
          }
          const response = await this.privatePostUserTransactions (this.extend (request, params));
          //
          //     [
          //         {
          //             "fee": "0.00000000",
          //             "btc_usd": "0.00",
          //             "id": 1234567894,
          //             "usd": 0,
          //             "btc": 0,
          //             "datetime": "2018-09-08 09:00:31",
          //             "type": "1",
          //             "xrp": "-20.00000000",
          //             "eur": 0,
          //         },
          //         {
          //             "fee": "0.00000000",
          //             "btc_usd": "0.00",
          //             "id": 1134567891,
          //             "usd": 0,
          //             "btc": 0,
          //             "datetime": "2018-09-07 18:47:52",
          //             "type": "0",
          //             "xrp": "20.00000000",
          //             "eur": 0,
          //         },
          //     ]
          //
          let currency = undefined;
          if (code !== undefined) {
              currency = this.currency (code);
          }
          const transactions = this.filterByArray (response, 'type', [ '0', '1' ], false);
          return this.parseTransactions (transactions, currency, since, limit);
      }
  
      async fetchWithdrawals (code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {};
          if (since !== undefined) {
              request['timedelta'] = this.milliseconds () - since;
          } else {
              request['timedelta'] = 50000000; // use max bitstamp approved value
          }
          const response = await this.privatePostWithdrawalRequests (this.extend (request, params));
          //
          //     [
          //         {
          //             status: 2,
          //             datetime: '2018-10-17 10:58:13',
          //             currency: 'BTC',
          //             amount: '0.29669259',
          //             address: 'aaaaa',
          //             type: 1,
          //             id: 111111,
          //             transaction_id: 'xxxx',
          //         },
          //         {
          //             status: 2,
          //             datetime: '2018-10-17 10:55:17',
          //             currency: 'ETH',
          //             amount: '1.11010664',
          //             address: 'aaaa',
          //             type: 16,
          //             id: 222222,
          //             transaction_id: 'xxxxx',
          //         },
          //     ]
          //
          return this.parseTransactions (response, undefined, since, limit);
      }
  
      parseTransaction (transaction, currency = undefined) {
          //
          // fetchTransactions
          //
          //     {
          //         "fee": "0.00000000",
          //         "btc_usd": "0.00",
          //         "id": 1234567894,
          //         "usd": 0,
          //         "btc": 0,
          //         "datetime": "2018-09-08 09:00:31",
          //         "type": "1",
          //         "xrp": "-20.00000000",
          //         "eur": 0,
          //     }
          //
          // fetchWithdrawals
          //
          //     {
          //         status: 2,
          //         datetime: '2018-10-17 10:58:13',
          //         currency: 'BTC',
          //         amount: '0.29669259',
          //         address: 'aaaaa',
          //         type: 1,
          //         id: 111111,
          //         transaction_id: 'xxxx',
          //     }
          //
          //     {
          //         "id": 3386432,
          //         "type": 14,
          //         "amount": "863.21332500",
          //         "status": 2,
          //         "address": "rE1sdh25BJQ3qFwngiTBwaq3zPGGYcrjp1?dt=1455",
          //         "currency": "XRP",
          //         "datetime": "2018-01-05 15:27:55",
          //         "transaction_id": "001743B03B0C79BA166A064AC0142917B050347B4CB23BA2AB4B91B3C5608F4C"
          //     }
          //
          const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (transaction, 'datetime'));
          const id = this.safeString (transaction, 'id');
          const currencyId = this.getCurrencyIdFromTransaction (transaction);
          const code = this.safeCurrencyCode (currencyId, currency);
          const feeCost = this.safeNumber (transaction, 'fee');
          let feeCurrency = undefined;
          let amount = undefined;
          if ('amount' in transaction) {
              amount = this.safeNumber (transaction, 'amount');
          } else if (currency !== undefined) {
              amount = this.safeNumber (transaction, currency['id'], amount);
              feeCurrency = currency['code'];
          } else if ((code !== undefined) && (currencyId !== undefined)) {
              amount = this.safeNumber (transaction, currencyId, amount);
              feeCurrency = code;
          }
          if (amount !== undefined) {
              // withdrawals have a negative amount
              amount = Math.abs (amount);
          }
          let status = 'ok';
          if ('status' in transaction) {
              status = this.parseTransactionStatus (this.safeString (transaction, 'status'));
          }
          let type = undefined;
          if ('type' in transaction) {
              // from fetchTransactions
              const rawType = this.safeString (transaction, 'type');
              if (rawType === '0') {
                  type = 'deposit';
              } else if (rawType === '1') {
                  type = 'withdrawal';
              }
          } else {
              // from fetchWithdrawals
              type = 'withdrawal';
          }
          const txid = this.safeString (transaction, 'transaction_id');
          let tag = undefined;
          let address = this.safeString (transaction, 'address');
          if (address !== undefined) {
              // dt (destination tag) is embedded into the address field
              const addressParts = address.split ('?dt=');
              const numParts = addressParts.length;
              if (numParts > 1) {
                  address = addressParts[0];
                  tag = addressParts[1];
              }
          }
          const addressFrom = undefined;
          const addressTo = address;
          const tagFrom = undefined;
          const tagTo = tag;
          let fee = undefined;
          if (feeCost !== undefined) {
              fee = {
                  'currency': feeCurrency,
                  'cost': feeCost,
                  'rate': undefined,
              };
          }
          return {
              'info': transaction,
              'id': id,
              'txid': txid,
              'timestamp': timestamp,
              'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
              'addressFrom': addressFrom,
              'addressTo': addressTo,
              'address': address,
              'tagFrom': tagFrom,
              'tagTo': tagTo,
              'tag': tag,
              'type': type,
              'amount': amount,
              'currency': code,
              'status': status,
              'updated': undefined,
              'fee': fee,
          };
      }
  
      parseTransactionStatus (status) {
          // withdrawals:
          // 0 (open), 1 (in process), 2 (finished), 3 (canceled) or 4 (failed).
          const statuses = {
              '0': 'pending', // Open
              '1': 'pending', // In process
              '2': 'ok', // Finished
              '3': 'canceled', // Canceled
              '4': 'failed', // Failed
          };
          return this.safeString (statuses, status, status);
      }
  
      parseOrder (order, market = undefined) {
          // from fetch order:
          //   { status: 'Finished',
          //     id: 731693945,
          //     transactions:
          //     [ { fee: '0.000019',
          //         price: '0.00015803',
          //         datetime: '2018-01-07 10:45:34.132551',
          //         btc: '0.0079015000000000',
          //         tid: 42777395,
          //         type: 2,
          //         xrp: '50.00000000' } ] }
          //
          // partially filled order:
          //   { "id": 468646390,
          //     "status": "Canceled",
          //     "transactions": [{
          //         "eth": "0.23000000",
          //         "fee": "0.09",
          //         "tid": 25810126,
          //         "usd": "69.8947000000000000",
          //         "type": 2,
          //         "price": "303.89000000",
          //         "datetime": "2017-11-11 07:22:20.710567"
          //     }]}
          //
          // from create order response:
          //     {
          //         price: '0.00008012',
          //         currency_pair: 'XRP/BTC',
          //         datetime: '2019-01-31 21:23:36',
          //         amount: '15.00000000',
          //         type: '0',
          //         id: '2814205012'
          //     }
          //
          const id = this.safeString (order, 'id');
          let side = this.safeString (order, 'type');
          if (side !== undefined) {
              side = (side === '1') ? 'sell' : 'buy';
          }
          // there is no timestamp from fetchOrder
          const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (order, 'datetime'));
          const marketId = this.safeStringLower (order, 'currency_pair');
          let symbol = this.safeSymbol (marketId, market, '/');
          const status = this.parseOrderStatus (this.safeString (order, 'status'));
          const amount = this.safeNumber (order, 'amount');
          const transactions = this.safeValue (order, 'transactions', []);
          const trades = this.parseTrades (transactions, market);
          const length = trades.length;
          if (length) {
              symbol = trades[0]['symbol'];
          }
          const price = this.safeNumber (order, 'price');
          return this.safeOrder ({
              'id': id,
              'clientOrderId': undefined,
              'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
              'timestamp': timestamp,
              'lastTradeTimestamp': undefined,
              'status': status,
              'symbol': symbol,
              'type': undefined,
              'timeInForce': undefined,
              'postOnly': undefined,
              'side': side,
              'price': price,
              'stopPrice': undefined,
              'cost': undefined,
              'amount': amount,
              'filled': undefined,
              'remaining': undefined,
              'trades': trades,
              'fee': undefined,
              'info': order,
              'average': undefined,
          });
      }
  
      parseLedgerEntryType (type) {
          const types = {
              '0': 'transaction',
              '1': 'transaction',
              '2': 'trade',
              '14': 'transfer',
          };
          return this.safeString (types, type, type);
      }
  
      parseLedgerEntry (item, currency = undefined) {
          //
          //     [
          //         {
          //             "fee": "0.00000000",
          //             "btc_usd": "0.00",
          //             "id": 1234567894,
          //             "usd": 0,
          //             "btc": 0,
          //             "datetime": "2018-09-08 09:00:31",
          //             "type": "1",
          //             "xrp": "-20.00000000",
          //             "eur": 0,
          //         },
          //         {
          //             "fee": "0.00000000",
          //             "btc_usd": "0.00",
          //             "id": 1134567891,
          //             "usd": 0,
          //             "btc": 0,
          //             "datetime": "2018-09-07 18:47:52",
          //             "type": "0",
          //             "xrp": "20.00000000",
          //             "eur": 0,
          //         },
          //     ]
          //
          const type = this.parseLedgerEntryType (this.safeString (item, 'type'));
          if (type === 'trade') {
              const parsedTrade = this.parseTrade (item);
              let market = undefined;
              const keys = Object.keys (item);
              for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
                  if (keys[i].indexOf ('_') >= 0) {
                      const marketId = keys[i].replace ('_', '');
                      if (marketId in this.markets_by_id) {
                          market = this.markets_by_id[marketId];
                      }
                  }
              }
              // if the market is still not defined
              // try to deduce it from used keys
              if (market === undefined) {
                  market = this.getMarketFromTrade (item);
              }
              const direction = parsedTrade['side'] === 'buy' ? 'in' : 'out';
              return {
                  'id': parsedTrade['id'],
                  'info': item,
                  'timestamp': parsedTrade['timestamp'],
                  'datetime': parsedTrade['datetime'],
                  'direction': direction,
                  'account': undefined,
                  'referenceId': parsedTrade['order'],
                  'referenceAccount': undefined,
                  'type': type,
                  'currency': market['base'],
                  'amount': parsedTrade['amount'],
                  'before': undefined,
                  'after': undefined,
                  'status': 'ok',
                  'fee': parsedTrade['fee'],
              };
          } else {
              const parsedTransaction = this.parseTransaction (item);
              let direction = undefined;
              if ('amount' in item) {
                  const amount = this.safeNumber (item, 'amount');
                  direction = amount > 0 ? 'in' : 'out';
              } else if (('currency' in parsedTransaction) && parsedTransaction['currency'] !== undefined) {
                  const currencyId = this.currencyId (parsedTransaction['currency']);
                  const amount = this.safeNumber (item, currencyId);
                  direction = amount > 0 ? 'in' : 'out';
              }
              return {
                  'id': parsedTransaction['id'],
                  'info': item,
                  'timestamp': parsedTransaction['timestamp'],
                  'datetime': parsedTransaction['datetime'],
                  'direction': direction,
                  'account': undefined,
                  'referenceId': parsedTransaction['txid'],
                  'referenceAccount': undefined,
                  'type': type,
                  'currency': parsedTransaction['currency'],
                  'amount': parsedTransaction['amount'],
                  'before': undefined,
                  'after': undefined,
                  'status': parsedTransaction['status'],
                  'fee': parsedTransaction['fee'],
              };
          }
      }
  
      async fetchLedger (code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          const request = {};
          if (limit !== undefined) {
              request['limit'] = limit;
          }
          const response = await this.privatePostUserTransactions (this.extend (request, params));
          let currency = undefined;
          if (code !== undefined) {
              currency = this.currency (code);
          }
          return this.parseLedger (response, currency, since, limit);
      }
  
      async fetchOpenOrders (symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
          let market = undefined;
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          if (symbol !== undefined) {
              market = this.market (symbol);
          }
          const response = await this.privatePostOpenOrdersAll (params);
          //     [
          //         {
          //             price: '0.00008012',
          //             currency_pair: 'XRP/BTC',
          //             datetime: '2019-01-31 21:23:36',
          //             amount: '15.00000000',
          //             type: '0',
          //             id: '2814205012',
          //         }
          //     ]
          //
          return this.parseOrders (response, market, since, limit, {
              'status': 'open',
              'type': 'limit',
          });
      }
  
      getCurrencyName (code) {
          return code.toLowerCase ();
      }
  
      isFiat (code) {
          return code === 'USD' || code === 'EUR' || code === 'GBP';
      }
  
      async fetchDepositAddress (code, params = {}) {
          if (this.isFiat (code)) {
              throw new NotSupported (this.id + ' fiat fetchDepositAddress() for ' + code + ' is not supported!');
          }
          const name = this.getCurrencyName (code);
          const method = 'privatePost' + this.capitalize (name) + 'Address';
          const response = await this[method] (params);
          const address = this.safeString (response, 'address');
          const tag = this.safeString2 (response, 'memo_id', 'destination_tag');
          this.checkAddress (address);
          return {
              'currency': code,
              'address': address,
              'tag': tag,
              'info': response,
          };
      }
  
      async withdraw (code, amount, address, tag = undefined, params = {}) {
          // For fiat withdrawals please provide all required additional parameters in the 'params'
          // Check https://www.bitstamp.net/api/ under 'Open bank withdrawal' for list and description.
          await this.loadMarkets ();
          this.checkAddress (address);
          const request = {
              'amount': amount,
          };
          let method = undefined;
          if (!this.isFiat (code)) {
              const name = this.getCurrencyName (code);
              method = 'privatePost' + this.capitalize (name) + 'Withdrawal';
              if (code === 'XRP') {
                  if (tag !== undefined) {
                      request['destination_tag'] = tag;
                  }
              }
              request['address'] = address;
          } else {
              method = 'privatePostWithdrawalOpen';
              const currency = this.currency (code);
              request['iban'] = address;
              request['account_currency'] = currency['id'];
          }
          const response = await this[method] (this.extend (request, params));
          return {
              'info': response,
              'id': response['id'],
          };
      }
  
      nonce () {
          return this.milliseconds ();
      }
  
      sign (path, api = 'public', method = 'GET', params = {}, headers = undefined, body = undefined) {
          let url = this.urls['api'][api] + '/';
          if (api !== 'v1') {
              url += this.version + '/';
          }
          url += this.implodeParams (path, params);
          let query = this.omit (params, this.extractParams (path));
          if (api === 'public') {
              if (Object.keys (query).length) {
                  url += '?' + this.urlencode (query);
              }
          } else {
              this.checkRequiredCredentials ();
              const authVersion = this.safeValue (this.options, 'auth', 'v2');
              if ((authVersion === 'v1') || (api === 'v1')) {
                  const nonce = this.nonce ().toString ();
                  const auth = nonce + this.uid + this.apiKey;
                  const signature = this.encode (this.hmac (this.encode (auth), this.encode (this.secret)));
                  query = this.extend ({
                      'key': this.apiKey,
                      'signature': signature.toUpperCase (),
                      'nonce': nonce,
                  }, query);
                  body = this.urlencode (query);
                  headers = {
                      'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
                  };
              } else {
                  const xAuth = 'BITSTAMP ' + this.apiKey;
                  const xAuthNonce = this.uuid ();
                  const xAuthTimestamp = this.milliseconds ().toString ();
                  const xAuthVersion = 'v2';
                  let contentType = '';
                  headers = {
                      'X-Auth': xAuth,
                      'X-Auth-Nonce': xAuthNonce,
                      'X-Auth-Timestamp': xAuthTimestamp,
                      'X-Auth-Version': xAuthVersion,
                  };
                  if (method === 'POST') {
                      if (Object.keys (query).length) {
                          body = this.urlencode (query);
                          contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
                          headers['Content-Type'] = contentType;
                      } else {
                          // sending an empty POST request will trigger
                          // an API0020 error returned by the exchange
                          // therefore for empty requests we send a dummy object
                          // https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6846
                          body = this.urlencode ({ 'foo': 'bar' });
                          contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
                          headers['Content-Type'] = contentType;
                      }
                  }
                  const authBody = body ? body : '';
                  const auth = xAuth + method + url.replace ('https://', '') + contentType + xAuthNonce + xAuthTimestamp + xAuthVersion + authBody;
                  const signature = this.hmac (this.encode (auth), this.encode (this.secret));
                  headers['X-Auth-Signature'] = signature;
              }
          }
          return { 'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers };
      }
  
      handleErrors (httpCode, reason, url, method, headers, body, response, requestHeaders, requestBody) {
          if (response === undefined) {
              return;
          }
          //
          //     {"error": "No permission found"} // fetchDepositAddress returns this on apiKeys that don't have the permission required
          //     {"status": "error", "reason": {"__all__": ["Minimum order size is 5.0 EUR."]}}
          //     reuse of a nonce gives: { status: 'error', reason: 'Invalid nonce', code: 'API0004' }
          const status = this.safeString (response, 'status');
          const error = this.safeValue (response, 'error');
          if ((status === 'error') || (error !== undefined)) {
              let errors = [];
              if (typeof error === 'string') {
                  errors.push (error);
              } else if (error !== undefined) {
                  const keys = Object.keys (error);
                  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
                      const key = keys[i];
                      const value = this.safeValue (error, key);
                      if (Array.isArray (value)) {
                          errors = this.arrayConcat (errors, value);
                      } else {
                          errors.push (value);
                      }
                  }
              }
              const reason = this.safeValue (response, 'reason', {});
              if (typeof reason === 'string') {
                  errors.push (reason);
              } else {
                  const all = this.safeValue (reason, '__all__', []);
                  for (let i = 0; i < all.length; i++) {
                      errors.push (all[i]);
                  }
              }
              const code = this.safeString (response, 'code');
              if (code === 'API0005') {
                  throw new AuthenticationError (this.id + ' invalid signature, use the uid for the main account if you have subaccounts');
              }
              const feedback = this.id + ' ' + body;
              for (let i = 0; i < errors.length; i++) {
                  const value = errors[i];
                  this.throwExactlyMatchedException (this.exceptions['exact'], value, feedback);
                  this.throwBroadlyMatchedException (this.exceptions['broad'], value, feedback);
              }
              throw new ExchangeError (feedback);
          }
      }
  };
  