text: /*
  
  Ad-Free Sessions Problem
  
  Description
  LeetCode Problem 1809.
  
  Table: Playback
  
  +-------------+------+
  | Column Name | Type |
  +-------------+------+
  | session_id  | int  |
  | customer_id | int  |
  | start_time  | int  |
  | end_time    | int  |
  +-------------+------+
  session_id is the primary key for this table.
  customer_id is the ID of the customer watching this session.
  The session runs during the inclusive interval between start_time and end_time.
  It is guaranteed that start_time <= end_time and that two sessions for the same customer do not intersect.
  Table: Ads
  
  +-------------+------+
  | Column Name | Type |
  +-------------+------+
  | ad_id       | int  |
  | customer_id | int  |
  | timestamp   | int  |
  +-------------+------+
  ad_id is the primary key for this table.
  customer_id is the ID of the customer viewing this ad.
  timestamp is the moment of time at which the ad was shown.
  Write an SQL query to report all the sessions that did not get shown any ads.
  
  Return the result table in any order.
  
  The query result format is in the following example:
  
  Playback table:
  +------------+-------------+------------+----------+
  | session_id | customer_id | start_time | end_time |
  +------------+-------------+------------+----------+
  | 1          | 1           | 1          | 5        |
  | 2          | 1           | 15         | 23       |
  | 3          | 2           | 10         | 12       |
  | 4          | 2           | 17         | 28       |
  | 5          | 2           | 2          | 8        |
  +------------+-------------+------------+----------+
  
  Ads table:
  +-------+-------------+-----------+
  | ad_id | customer_id | timestamp |
  +-------+-------------+-----------+
  | 1     | 1           | 5         |
  | 2     | 2           | 17        |
  | 3     | 2           | 20        |
  +-------+-------------+-----------+
  
  Result table:
  +------------+
  | session_id |
  +------------+
  | 2          |
  | 3          |
  | 5          |
  +------------+
  The ad with ID 1 was shown to user 1 at time 5 while they were in session 1.
  The ad with ID 2 was shown to user 2 at time 17 while they were in session 4.
  The ad with ID 3 was shown to user 2 at time 20 while they were in session 4.
  We can see that sessions 1 and 4 had at least one ad. Sessions 2, 3, and 5 did not have any ads, so we return them.
  
  */
  
  # V0
  ### NOTE: left join where condition
  SELECT p.session_id
  FROM   playback p
         LEFT JOIN ads a
                ON p.customer_id = a.customer_id
                   AND a.timestamp BETWEEN p.start_time AND p.end_time
  WHERE  a.customer_id IS NULL;
  
  # V1
  # https://circlecoder.com/ad-free-sessions/
  select session_id from Playback p 
  left join Ads a on
      p.customer_id = a.customer_id and
      p.start_time <= a.timestamp and
      a.timestamp <= p.end_time
  where a.ad_id is NULL
  
  # V2
  # Time:  O(n)
  # Space: O(n)
  SELECT p.session_id
  FROM   playback p
         LEFT JOIN ads a
                ON p.customer_id = a.customer_id
                   AND a.timestamp BETWEEN p.start_time AND p.end_time
  WHERE  a.customer_id IS NULL;