text: import ast
  import dis
  import os
  import sys
  import unittest
  import warnings
  import weakref
  from textwrap import dedent
  
  from test import support
  
  def to_tuple(t):
      if t is None or isinstance(t, (str, int, complex)):
          return t
      elif isinstance(t, list):
          return [to_tuple(e) for e in t]
      result = [t.__class__.__name__]
      if hasattr(t, 'lineno') and hasattr(t, 'col_offset'):
          result.append((t.lineno, t.col_offset))
          if hasattr(t, 'end_lineno') and hasattr(t, 'end_col_offset'):
              result[-1] += (t.end_lineno, t.end_col_offset)
      if t._fields is None:
          return tuple(result)
      for f in t._fields:
          result.append(to_tuple(getattr(t, f)))
      return tuple(result)
  
  
  # These tests are compiled through "exec"
  # There should be at least one test per statement
  exec_tests = [
      # None
      "None",
      # Module docstring
      "'module docstring'",
      # FunctionDef
      "def f(): pass",
      # FunctionDef with docstring
      "def f(): 'function docstring'",
      # FunctionDef with arg
      "def f(a): pass",
      # FunctionDef with arg and default value
      "def f(a=0): pass",
      # FunctionDef with varargs
      "def f(*args): pass",
      # FunctionDef with kwargs
      "def f(**kwargs): pass",
      # FunctionDef with all kind of args and docstring
      "def f(a, b=1, c=None, d=[], e={}, *args, f=42, **kwargs): 'doc for f()'",
      # ClassDef
      "class C:pass",
      # ClassDef with docstring
      "class C: 'docstring for class C'",
      # ClassDef, new style class
      "class C(object): pass",
      # Return
      "def f():return 1",
      # Delete
      "del v",
      # Assign
      "v = 1",
      "a,b = c",
      "(a,b) = c",
      "[a,b] = c",
      # AugAssign
      "v += 1",
      # For
      "for v in v:pass",
      # While
      "while v:pass",
      # If
      "if v:pass",
      # If-Elif
      "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass",
      # If-Elif-Else
      "if a:\n  pass\nelif b:\n  pass\nelse:\n  pass",
      # With
      "with x as y: pass",
      "with x as y, z as q: pass",
      # Raise
      "raise Exception('string')",
      # TryExcept
      "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception:\n  pass",
      # TryFinally
      "try:\n  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
      # Assert
      "assert v",
      # Import
      "import sys",
      # ImportFrom
      "from sys import v",
      # Global
      "global v",
      # Expr
      "1",
      # Pass,
      "pass",
      # Break
      "for v in v:break",
      # Continue
      "for v in v:continue",
      # for statements with naked tuples (see http://bugs.python.org/issue6704)
      "for a,b in c: pass",
      "for (a,b) in c: pass",
      "for [a,b] in c: pass",
      # Multiline generator expression (test for .lineno & .col_offset)
      """(
      (
      Aa
      ,
         Bb
      )
      for
      Aa
      ,
      Bb in Cc
      )""",
      # dictcomp
      "{a : b for w in x for m in p if g}",
      # dictcomp with naked tuple
      "{a : b for v,w in x}",
      # setcomp
      "{r for l in x if g}",
      # setcomp with naked tuple
      "{r for l,m in x}",
      # AsyncFunctionDef
      "async def f():\n 'async function'\n await something()",
      # AsyncFor
      "async def f():\n async for e in i: 1\n else: 2",
      # AsyncWith
      "async def f():\n async with a as b: 1",
      # PEP 448: Additional Unpacking Generalizations
      "{**{1:2}, 2:3}",
      "{*{1, 2}, 3}",
      # Asynchronous comprehensions
      "async def f():\n [i async for b in c]",
      # Decorated FunctionDef
      "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\ndef f(): pass",
      # Decorated AsyncFunctionDef
      "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\nasync def f(): pass",
      # Decorated ClassDef
      "@deco1\n@deco2()\n@deco3(1)\nclass C: pass",
      # Decorator with generator argument
      "@deco(a for a in b)\ndef f(): pass",
      # Decorator with attribute
      "@a.b.c\ndef f(): pass",
      # Simple assignment expression
      "(a := 1)",
      # Positional-only arguments
      "def f(a, /,): pass",
      "def f(a, /, c, d, e): pass",
      "def f(a, /, c, *, d, e): pass",
      "def f(a, /, c, *, d, e, **kwargs): pass",
      # Positional-only arguments with defaults
      "def f(a=1, /,): pass",
      "def f(a=1, /, b=2, c=4): pass",
      "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c=4): pass",
      "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c): pass",
      "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c=4, **kwargs): pass",
      "def f(a=1, /, b=2, *, c, **kwargs): pass",
  
  ]
  
  # These are compiled through "single"
  # because of overlap with "eval", it just tests what
  # can't be tested with "eval"
  single_tests = [
      "1+2"
  ]
  
  # These are compiled through "eval"
  # It should test all expressions
  eval_tests = [
    # None
    "None",
    # BoolOp
    "a and b",
    # BinOp
    "a + b",
    # UnaryOp
    "not v",
    # Lambda
    "lambda:None",
    # Dict
    "{ 1:2 }",
    # Empty dict
    "{}",
    # Set
    "{None,}",
    # Multiline dict (test for .lineno & .col_offset)
    """{
        1
          :
            2
       }""",
    # ListComp
    "[a for b in c if d]",
    # GeneratorExp
    "(a for b in c if d)",
    # Comprehensions with multiple for targets
    "[(a,b) for a,b in c]",
    "[(a,b) for (a,b) in c]",
    "[(a,b) for [a,b] in c]",
    "{(a,b) for a,b in c}",
    "{(a,b) for (a,b) in c}",
    "{(a,b) for [a,b] in c}",
    "((a,b) for a,b in c)",
    "((a,b) for (a,b) in c)",
    "((a,b) for [a,b] in c)",
    # Yield - yield expressions can't work outside a function
    #
    # Compare
    "1 < 2 < 3",
    # Call
    "f(1,2,c=3,*d,**e)",
    # Call with multi-character starred
    "f(*[0, 1])",
    # Call with a generator argument
    "f(a for a in b)",
    # Num
    "10",
    # Str
    "'string'",
    # Attribute
    "a.b",
    # Subscript
    "a[b:c]",
    # Name
    "v",
    # List
    "[1,2,3]",
    # Empty list
    "[]",
    # Tuple
    "1,2,3",
    # Tuple
    "(1,2,3)",
    # Empty tuple
    "()",
    # Combination
    "a.b.c.d(a.b[1:2])",
  
  ]
  
  # TODO: expr_context, slice, boolop, operator, unaryop, cmpop, comprehension
  # excepthandler, arguments, keywords, alias
  
  class AST_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def _assertTrueorder(self, ast_node, parent_pos):
          if not isinstance(ast_node, ast.AST) or ast_node._fields is None:
              return
          if isinstance(ast_node, (ast.expr, ast.stmt, ast.excepthandler)):
              node_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset)
              self.assertGreaterEqual(node_pos, parent_pos)
              parent_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset)
          for name in ast_node._fields:
              value = getattr(ast_node, name)
              if isinstance(value, list):
                  first_pos = parent_pos
                  if value and name == 'decorator_list':
                      first_pos = (value[0].lineno, value[0].col_offset)
                  for child in value:
                      self._assertTrueorder(child, first_pos)
              elif value is not None:
                  self._assertTrueorder(value, parent_pos)
  
      def test_AST_objects(self):
          x = ast.AST()
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, ())
          x.foobar = 42
          self.assertEqual(x.foobar, 42)
          self.assertEqual(x.__dict__["foobar"], 42)
  
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              x.vararg
  
          with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
              # "_ast.AST constructor takes 0 positional arguments"
              ast.AST(2)
  
      def test_AST_garbage_collection(self):
          class X:
              pass
          a = ast.AST()
          a.x = X()
          a.x.a = a
          ref = weakref.ref(a.x)
          del a
          support.gc_collect()
          self.assertIsNone(ref())
  
      def test_snippets(self):
          for input, output, kind in ((exec_tests, exec_results, "exec"),
                                      (single_tests, single_results, "single"),
                                      (eval_tests, eval_results, "eval")):
              for i, o in zip(input, output):
                  with self.subTest(action="parsing", input=i):
                      ast_tree = compile(i, "?", kind, ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
                      self.assertEqual(to_tuple(ast_tree), o)
                      self._assertTrueorder(ast_tree, (0, 0))
                  with self.subTest(action="compiling", input=i, kind=kind):
                      compile(ast_tree, "?", kind)
  
      def test_ast_validation(self):
          # compile() is the only function that calls PyAST_Validate
          snippets_to_validate = exec_tests + single_tests + eval_tests
          for snippet in snippets_to_validate:
              tree = ast.parse(snippet)
              compile(tree, '<string>', 'exec')
  
      def test_slice(self):
          slc = ast.parse("x[::]").body[0].value.slice
          self.assertIsNone(slc.upper)
          self.assertIsNone(slc.lower)
          self.assertIsNone(slc.step)
  
      def test_from_import(self):
          im = ast.parse("from . import y").body[0]
          self.assertIsNone(im.module)
  
      def test_non_interned_future_from_ast(self):
          mod = ast.parse("from __future__ import division")
          self.assertIsInstance(mod.body[0], ast.ImportFrom)
          mod.body[0].module = " __future__ ".strip()
          compile(mod, "<test>", "exec")
  
      def test_base_classes(self):
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.For, ast.stmt))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.Name, ast.expr))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.stmt, ast.AST))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.expr, ast.AST))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.comprehension, ast.AST))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.Gt, ast.AST))
  
      def test_field_attr_existence(self):
          for name, item in ast.__dict__.items():
              if isinstance(item, type) and name != 'AST' and name[0].isupper():
                  x = item()
                  if isinstance(x, ast.AST):
                      self.assertEqual(type(x._fields), tuple)
  
      def test_arguments(self):
          x = ast.arguments()
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('posonlyargs', 'args', 'vararg', 'kwonlyargs',
                                       'kw_defaults', 'kwarg', 'defaults'))
  
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              x.vararg
  
          x = ast.arguments(*range(1, 8))
          self.assertEqual(x.vararg, 3)
  
      def test_field_attr_writable(self):
          x = ast.Num()
          # We can assign to _fields
          x._fields = 666
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, 666)
  
      def test_classattrs(self):
          x = ast.Num()
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('value', 'kind'))
  
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              x.value
  
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              x.n
  
          x = ast.Num(42)
          self.assertEqual(x.value, 42)
          self.assertEqual(x.n, 42)
  
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              x.lineno
  
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              x.foobar
  
          x = ast.Num(lineno=2)
          self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 2)
  
          x = ast.Num(42, lineno=0)
          self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 0)
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('value', 'kind'))
          self.assertEqual(x.value, 42)
          self.assertEqual(x.n, 42)
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.Num, 1, None, 2)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.Num, 1, None, 2, lineno=0)
  
          self.assertEqual(ast.Num(42).n, 42)
          self.assertEqual(ast.Num(4.25).n, 4.25)
          self.assertEqual(ast.Num(4.25j).n, 4.25j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.Str('42').s, '42')
          self.assertEqual(ast.Bytes(b'42').s, b'42')
          self.assertIs(ast.NameConstant(True).value, True)
          self.assertIs(ast.NameConstant(False).value, False)
          self.assertIs(ast.NameConstant(None).value, None)
  
          self.assertEqual(ast.Constant(42).value, 42)
          self.assertEqual(ast.Constant(4.25).value, 4.25)
          self.assertEqual(ast.Constant(4.25j).value, 4.25j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.Constant('42').value, '42')
          self.assertEqual(ast.Constant(b'42').value, b'42')
          self.assertIs(ast.Constant(True).value, True)
          self.assertIs(ast.Constant(False).value, False)
          self.assertIs(ast.Constant(None).value, None)
          self.assertIs(ast.Constant(...).value, ...)
  
      def test_realtype(self):
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.Num(42)), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.Num(4.25)), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.Num(4.25j)), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.Str('42')), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.Bytes(b'42')), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.NameConstant(True)), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.NameConstant(False)), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.NameConstant(None)), ast.Constant)
          self.assertEqual(type(ast.Ellipsis()), ast.Constant)
  
      def test_isinstance(self):
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Num(42), ast.Num))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Num(4.2), ast.Num))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Num(4.2j), ast.Num))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Str('42'), ast.Str))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Bytes(b'42'), ast.Bytes))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.NameConstant(True), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.NameConstant(False), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.NameConstant(None), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Ellipsis(), ast.Ellipsis))
  
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(42), ast.Num))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(4.2), ast.Num))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(4.2j), ast.Num))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant('42'), ast.Str))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(b'42'), ast.Bytes))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(True), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(False), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(None), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(...), ast.Ellipsis))
  
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Str('42'), ast.Num))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Num(42), ast.Str))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Str('42'), ast.Bytes))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Num(42), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Num(42), ast.Ellipsis))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.NameConstant(True), ast.Num))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.NameConstant(False), ast.Num))
  
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant('42'), ast.Num))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(42), ast.Str))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant('42'), ast.Bytes))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(42), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(42), ast.Ellipsis))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(True), ast.Num))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(False), ast.Num))
  
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(), ast.Num))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(), ast.Str))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(), ast.Bytes))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(), ast.NameConstant))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(), ast.Ellipsis))
  
          class S(str): pass
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(ast.Constant(S('42')), ast.Str))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Constant(S('42')), ast.Num))
  
      def test_subclasses(self):
          class N(ast.Num):
              def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
                  super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
                  self.z = 'spam'
          class N2(ast.Num):
              pass
  
          n = N(42)
          self.assertEqual(n.n, 42)
          self.assertEqual(n.z, 'spam')
          self.assertEqual(type(n), N)
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(n, N))
          self.assertTrue(isinstance(n, ast.Num))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(n, N2))
          self.assertFalse(isinstance(ast.Num(42), N))
          n = N(n=42)
          self.assertEqual(n.n, 42)
          self.assertEqual(type(n), N)
  
      def test_module(self):
          body = [ast.Num(42)]
          x = ast.Module(body, [])
          self.assertEqual(x.body, body)
  
      def test_nodeclasses(self):
          # Zero arguments constructor explicitly allowed
          x = ast.BinOp()
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('left', 'op', 'right'))
  
          # Random attribute allowed too
          x.foobarbaz = 5
          self.assertEqual(x.foobarbaz, 5)
  
          n1 = ast.Num(1)
          n3 = ast.Num(3)
          addop = ast.Add()
          x = ast.BinOp(n1, addop, n3)
          self.assertEqual(x.left, n1)
          self.assertEqual(x.op, addop)
          self.assertEqual(x.right, n3)
  
          x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3)
          self.assertEqual(x.left, 1)
          self.assertEqual(x.op, 2)
          self.assertEqual(x.right, 3)
  
          x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3, lineno=0)
          self.assertEqual(x.left, 1)
          self.assertEqual(x.op, 2)
          self.assertEqual(x.right, 3)
          self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 0)
  
          # node raises exception when given too many arguments
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2, 3, 4)
          # node raises exception when given too many arguments
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2, 3, 4, lineno=0)
  
          # can set attributes through kwargs too
          x = ast.BinOp(left=1, op=2, right=3, lineno=0)
          self.assertEqual(x.left, 1)
          self.assertEqual(x.op, 2)
          self.assertEqual(x.right, 3)
          self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 0)
  
          # Random kwargs also allowed
          x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3, foobarbaz=42)
          self.assertEqual(x.foobarbaz, 42)
  
      def test_no_fields(self):
          # this used to fail because Sub._fields was None
          x = ast.Sub()
          self.assertEqual(x._fields, ())
  
      def test_pickling(self):
          import pickle
          mods = [pickle]
          try:
              import cPickle
              mods.append(cPickle)
          except ImportError:
              pass
          protocols = [0, 1, 2]
          for mod in mods:
              for protocol in protocols:
                  for ast in (compile(i, "?", "exec", 0x400) for i in exec_tests):
                      ast2 = mod.loads(mod.dumps(ast, protocol))
                      self.assertEqual(to_tuple(ast2), to_tuple(ast))
  
      def test_invalid_sum(self):
          pos = dict(lineno=2, col_offset=3)
          m = ast.Module([ast.Expr(ast.expr(**pos), **pos)], [])
          with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
              compile(m, "<test>", "exec")
          self.assertIn("but got <_ast.expr", str(cm.exception))
  
      def test_invalid_identifier(self):
          m = ast.Module([ast.Expr(ast.Name(42, ast.Load()))], [])
          ast.fix_missing_locations(m)
          with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
              compile(m, "<test>", "exec")
          self.assertIn("identifier must be of type str", str(cm.exception))
  
      def test_empty_yield_from(self):
          # Issue 16546: yield from value is not optional.
          empty_yield_from = ast.parse("def f():\n yield from g()")
          empty_yield_from.body[0].body[0].value.value = None
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
              compile(empty_yield_from, "<test>", "exec")
          self.assertIn("field value is required", str(cm.exception))
  
      @support.cpython_only
      def test_issue31592(self):
          # There shouldn't be an assertion failure in case of a bad
          # unicodedata.normalize().
          import unicodedata
          def bad_normalize(*args):
              return None
          with support.swap_attr(unicodedata, 'normalize', bad_normalize):
              self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.parse, '\u03D5')
  
      def test_issue18374_binop_col_offset(self):
          tree = ast.parse('4+5+6+7')
          parent_binop = tree.body[0].value
          child_binop = parent_binop.left
          grandchild_binop = child_binop.left
          self.assertEqual(parent_binop.col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(parent_binop.end_col_offset, 7)
          self.assertEqual(child_binop.col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(child_binop.end_col_offset, 5)
          self.assertEqual(grandchild_binop.col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(grandchild_binop.end_col_offset, 3)
  
          tree = ast.parse('4+5-\\\n 6-7')
          parent_binop = tree.body[0].value
          child_binop = parent_binop.left
          grandchild_binop = child_binop.left
          self.assertEqual(parent_binop.col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(parent_binop.lineno, 1)
          self.assertEqual(parent_binop.end_col_offset, 4)
          self.assertEqual(parent_binop.end_lineno, 2)
  
          self.assertEqual(child_binop.col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(child_binop.lineno, 1)
          self.assertEqual(child_binop.end_col_offset, 2)
          self.assertEqual(child_binop.end_lineno, 2)
  
          self.assertEqual(grandchild_binop.col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(grandchild_binop.lineno, 1)
          self.assertEqual(grandchild_binop.end_col_offset, 3)
          self.assertEqual(grandchild_binop.end_lineno, 1)
  
      def test_issue39579_dotted_name_end_col_offset(self):
          tree = ast.parse('@a.b.c\ndef f(): pass')
          attr_b = tree.body[0].decorator_list[0].value
          self.assertEqual(attr_b.end_col_offset, 4)
  
  class ASTHelpers_Test(unittest.TestCase):
      maxDiff = None
  
      def test_parse(self):
          a = ast.parse('foo(1 + 1)')
          b = compile('foo(1 + 1)', '<unknown>', 'exec', ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(a), ast.dump(b))
  
      def test_parse_in_error(self):
          try:
              1/0
          except Exception:
              with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as e:
                  ast.literal_eval(r"'\U'")
              self.assertIsNotNone(e.exception.__context__)
  
      def test_dump(self):
          node = ast.parse('spam(eggs, "and cheese")')
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node),
              "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load()), "
              "args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load()), Constant(value='and cheese', kind=None)], "
              "keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[])"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False),
              "Module([Expr(Call(Name('spam', Load()), [Name('eggs', Load()), "
              "Constant('and cheese', None)], []))], [])"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, include_attributes=True),
              "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=4), "
              "args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load(), lineno=1, col_offset=5, "
              "end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=9), Constant(value='and cheese', kind=None, "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=11, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=23)], keywords=[], "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=24), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=24)], type_ignores=[])"
          )
  
      def test_dump_indent(self):
          node = ast.parse('spam(eggs, "and cheese")')
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, indent=3), """\
  Module(
     body=[
        Expr(
           value=Call(
              func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load()),
              args=[
                 Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load()),
                 Constant(value='and cheese', kind=None)],
              keywords=[]))],
     type_ignores=[])""")
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False, indent='\t'), """\
  Module(
  \t[
  \t\tExpr(
  \t\t\tCall(
  \t\t\t\tName('spam', Load()),
  \t\t\t\t[
  \t\t\t\t\tName('eggs', Load()),
  \t\t\t\t\tConstant('and cheese', None)],
  \t\t\t\t[]))],
  \t[])""")
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, include_attributes=True, indent=3), """\
  Module(
     body=[
        Expr(
           value=Call(
              func=Name(
                 id='spam',
                 ctx=Load(),
                 lineno=1,
                 col_offset=0,
                 end_lineno=1,
                 end_col_offset=4),
              args=[
                 Name(
                    id='eggs',
                    ctx=Load(),
                    lineno=1,
                    col_offset=5,
                    end_lineno=1,
                    end_col_offset=9),
                 Constant(
                    value='and cheese',
                    kind=None,
                    lineno=1,
                    col_offset=11,
                    end_lineno=1,
                    end_col_offset=23)],
              keywords=[],
              lineno=1,
              col_offset=0,
              end_lineno=1,
              end_col_offset=24),
           lineno=1,
           col_offset=0,
           end_lineno=1,
           end_col_offset=24)],
     type_ignores=[])""")
  
      def test_dump_incomplete(self):
          node = ast.Raise(lineno=3, col_offset=4)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node),
              "Raise()"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, include_attributes=True),
              "Raise(lineno=3, col_offset=4)"
          )
          node = ast.Raise(exc=ast.Name(id='e', ctx=ast.Load()), lineno=3, col_offset=4)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node),
              "Raise(exc=Name(id='e', ctx=Load()))"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False),
              "Raise(Name('e', Load()))"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, include_attributes=True),
              "Raise(exc=Name(id='e', ctx=Load()), lineno=3, col_offset=4)"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False, include_attributes=True),
              "Raise(Name('e', Load()), lineno=3, col_offset=4)"
          )
          node = ast.Raise(cause=ast.Name(id='e', ctx=ast.Load()))
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node),
              "Raise(cause=Name(id='e', ctx=Load()))"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False),
              "Raise(cause=Name('e', Load()))"
          )
  
      def test_copy_location(self):
          src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval')
          src.body.right = ast.copy_location(ast.Num(2), src.body.right)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Constant(value=1, kind=None, lineno=1, col_offset=0, '
              'end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=1), op=Add(), right=Constant(value=2, '
              'lineno=1, col_offset=4, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=5), lineno=1, '
              'col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=5))'
          )
  
      def test_fix_missing_locations(self):
          src = ast.parse('write("spam")')
          src.body.append(ast.Expr(ast.Call(ast.Name('spam', ast.Load()),
                                            [ast.Str('eggs')], [])))
          self.assertEqual(src, ast.fix_missing_locations(src))
          self.maxDiff = None
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='write', ctx=Load(), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=5), "
              "args=[Constant(value='spam', kind=None, lineno=1, col_offset=6, end_lineno=1, "
              "end_col_offset=12)], keywords=[], lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, "
              "end_col_offset=13), lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, "
              "end_col_offset=13), Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=0), "
              "args=[Constant(value='eggs', lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, "
              "end_col_offset=0)], keywords=[], lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, "
              "end_col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0, end_lineno=1, end_col_offset=0)], "
              "type_ignores=[])"
          )
  
      def test_increment_lineno(self):
          src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval')
          self.assertEqual(ast.increment_lineno(src, n=3), src)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Constant(value=1, kind=None, lineno=4, col_offset=0, '
              'end_lineno=4, end_col_offset=1), op=Add(), right=Constant(value=1, kind=None, '
              'lineno=4, col_offset=4, end_lineno=4, end_col_offset=5), lineno=4, '
              'col_offset=0, end_lineno=4, end_col_offset=5))'
          )
          # issue10869: do not increment lineno of root twice
          src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval')
          self.assertEqual(ast.increment_lineno(src.body, n=3), src.body)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Constant(value=1, kind=None, lineno=4, col_offset=0, '
              'end_lineno=4, end_col_offset=1), op=Add(), right=Constant(value=1, kind=None, '
              'lineno=4, col_offset=4, end_lineno=4, end_col_offset=5), lineno=4, '
              'col_offset=0, end_lineno=4, end_col_offset=5))'
          )
  
      def test_iter_fields(self):
          node = ast.parse('foo()', mode='eval')
          d = dict(ast.iter_fields(node.body))
          self.assertEqual(d.pop('func').id, 'foo')
          self.assertEqual(d, {'keywords': [], 'args': []})
  
      def test_iter_child_nodes(self):
          node = ast.parse("spam(23, 42, eggs='leek')", mode='eval')
          self.assertEqual(len(list(ast.iter_child_nodes(node.body))), 4)
          iterator = ast.iter_child_nodes(node.body)
          self.assertEqual(next(iterator).id, 'spam')
          self.assertEqual(next(iterator).value, 23)
          self.assertEqual(next(iterator).value, 42)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(next(iterator)),
              "keyword(arg='eggs', value=Constant(value='leek', kind=None))"
          )
  
      def test_get_docstring(self):
          node = ast.parse('"""line one\n  line two"""')
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node),
                           'line one\nline two')
  
          node = ast.parse('class foo:\n  """line one\n  line two"""')
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]),
                           'line one\nline two')
  
          node = ast.parse('def foo():\n  """line one\n  line two"""')
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]),
                           'line one\nline two')
  
          node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  """spam\n  ham"""')
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]), 'spam\nham')
  
      def test_get_docstring_none(self):
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(ast.parse('')))
          node = ast.parse('x = "not docstring"')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node))
          node = ast.parse('def foo():\n  pass')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node))
  
          node = ast.parse('class foo:\n  pass')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
          node = ast.parse('class foo:\n  x = "not docstring"')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
          node = ast.parse('class foo:\n  def bar(self): pass')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
  
          node = ast.parse('def foo():\n  pass')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
          node = ast.parse('def foo():\n  x = "not docstring"')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
  
          node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  pass')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
          node = ast.parse('async def foo():\n  x = "not docstring"')
          self.assertIsNone(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]))
  
      def test_multi_line_docstring_col_offset_and_lineno_issue16806(self):
          node = ast.parse(
              '"""line one\nline two"""\n\n'
              'def foo():\n  """line one\n  line two"""\n\n'
              '  def bar():\n    """line one\n    line two"""\n'
              '  """line one\n  line two"""\n'
              '"""line one\nline two"""\n\n'
          )
          self.assertEqual(node.body[0].col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[0].lineno, 1)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[1].body[0].col_offset, 2)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[1].body[0].lineno, 5)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[1].body[1].body[0].col_offset, 4)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[1].body[1].body[0].lineno, 9)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[1].body[2].col_offset, 2)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[1].body[2].lineno, 11)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[2].col_offset, 0)
          self.assertEqual(node.body[2].lineno, 13)
  
      def test_elif_stmt_start_position(self):
          node = ast.parse('if a:\n    pass\nelif b:\n    pass\n')
          elif_stmt = node.body[0].orelse[0]
          self.assertEqual(elif_stmt.lineno, 3)
          self.assertEqual(elif_stmt.col_offset, 0)
  
      def test_elif_stmt_start_position_with_else(self):
          node = ast.parse('if a:\n    pass\nelif b:\n    pass\nelse:\n    pass\n')
          elif_stmt = node.body[0].orelse[0]
          self.assertEqual(elif_stmt.lineno, 3)
          self.assertEqual(elif_stmt.col_offset, 0)
  
      def test_starred_expr_end_position_within_call(self):
          node = ast.parse('f(*[0, 1])')
          starred_expr = node.body[0].value.args[0]
          self.assertEqual(starred_expr.end_lineno, 1)
          self.assertEqual(starred_expr.end_col_offset, 9)
  
      def test_literal_eval(self):
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('[1, 2, 3]'), [1, 2, 3])
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('{"foo": 42}'), {"foo": 42})
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('(True, False, None)'), (True, False, None))
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('{1, 2, 3}'), {1, 2, 3})
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('b"hi"'), b"hi")
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('set()'), set())
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, 'foo()')
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('6'), 6)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('+6'), 6)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-6'), -6)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('3.25'), 3.25)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('+3.25'), 3.25)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-3.25'), -3.25)
          self.assertEqual(repr(ast.literal_eval('-0.0')), '-0.0')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '++6')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '+True')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '2+3')
  
      def test_literal_eval_complex(self):
          # Issue #4907
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('6j'), 6j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-6j'), -6j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('6.75j'), 6.75j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-6.75j'), -6.75j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('3+6j'), 3+6j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-3+6j'), -3+6j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('3-6j'), 3-6j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-3-6j'), -3-6j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('3.25+6.75j'), 3.25+6.75j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-3.25+6.75j'), -3.25+6.75j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('3.25-6.75j'), 3.25-6.75j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('-3.25-6.75j'), -3.25-6.75j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('(3+6j)'), 3+6j)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '-6j+3')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '-6j+3j')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '3+-6j')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '3+(0+6j)')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '-(3+6j)')
  
      def test_bad_integer(self):
          # issue13436: Bad error message with invalid numeric values
          body = [ast.ImportFrom(module='time',
                                 names=[ast.alias(name='sleep')],
                                 level=None,
                                 lineno=None, col_offset=None)]
          mod = ast.Module(body, [])
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
              compile(mod, 'test', 'exec')
          self.assertIn("invalid integer value: None", str(cm.exception))
  
      def test_level_as_none(self):
          body = [ast.ImportFrom(module='time',
                                 names=[ast.alias(name='sleep')],
                                 level=None,
                                 lineno=0, col_offset=0)]
          mod = ast.Module(body, [])
          code = compile(mod, 'test', 'exec')
          ns = {}
          exec(code, ns)
          self.assertIn('sleep', ns)
  
  
  class ASTValidatorTests(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def mod(self, mod, msg=None, mode="exec", *, exc=ValueError):
          mod.lineno = mod.col_offset = 0
          ast.fix_missing_locations(mod)
          if msg is None:
              compile(mod, "<test>", mode)
          else:
              with self.assertRaises(exc) as cm:
                  compile(mod, "<test>", mode)
              self.assertIn(msg, str(cm.exception))
  
      def expr(self, node, msg=None, *, exc=ValueError):
          mod = ast.Module([ast.Expr(node)], [])
          self.mod(mod, msg, exc=exc)
  
      def stmt(self, stmt, msg=None):
          mod = ast.Module([stmt], [])
          self.mod(mod, msg)
  
      def test_module(self):
          m = ast.Interactive([ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))])
          self.mod(m, "must have Load context", "single")
          m = ast.Expression(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))
          self.mod(m, "must have Load context", "eval")
  
      def _check_arguments(self, fac, check):
          def arguments(args=None, posonlyargs=None, vararg=None,
                        kwonlyargs=None, kwarg=None,
                        defaults=None, kw_defaults=None):
              if args is None:
                  args = []
              if posonlyargs is None:
                  posonlyargs = []
              if kwonlyargs is None:
                  kwonlyargs = []
              if defaults is None:
                  defaults = []
              if kw_defaults is None:
                  kw_defaults = []
              args = ast.arguments(args, posonlyargs, vararg, kwonlyargs,
                                   kw_defaults, kwarg, defaults)
              return fac(args)
          args = [ast.arg("x", ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))]
          check(arguments(args=args), "must have Load context")
          check(arguments(posonlyargs=args), "must have Load context")
          check(arguments(kwonlyargs=args), "must have Load context")
          check(arguments(defaults=[ast.Num(3)]),
                         "more positional defaults than args")
          check(arguments(kw_defaults=[ast.Num(4)]),
                         "length of kwonlyargs is not the same as kw_defaults")
          args = [ast.arg("x", ast.Name("x", ast.Load()))]
          check(arguments(args=args, defaults=[ast.Name("x", ast.Store())]),
                         "must have Load context")
          args = [ast.arg("a", ast.Name("x", ast.Load())),
                  ast.arg("b", ast.Name("y", ast.Load()))]
          check(arguments(kwonlyargs=args,
                            kw_defaults=[None, ast.Name("x", ast.Store())]),
                            "must have Load context")
  
      def test_funcdef(self):
          a = ast.arguments([], [], None, [], [], None, [])
          f = ast.FunctionDef("x", a, [], [], None)
          self.stmt(f, "empty body on FunctionDef")
          f = ast.FunctionDef("x", a, [ast.Pass()], [ast.Name("x", ast.Store())],
                              None)
          self.stmt(f, "must have Load context")
          f = ast.FunctionDef("x", a, [ast.Pass()], [],
                              ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))
          self.stmt(f, "must have Load context")
          def fac(args):
              return ast.FunctionDef("x", args, [ast.Pass()], [], None)
          self._check_arguments(fac, self.stmt)
  
      def test_classdef(self):
          def cls(bases=None, keywords=None, body=None, decorator_list=None):
              if bases is None:
                  bases = []
              if keywords is None:
                  keywords = []
              if body is None:
                  body = [ast.Pass()]
              if decorator_list is None:
                  decorator_list = []
              return ast.ClassDef("myclass", bases, keywords,
                                  body, decorator_list)
          self.stmt(cls(bases=[ast.Name("x", ast.Store())]),
                    "must have Load context")
          self.stmt(cls(keywords=[ast.keyword("x", ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))]),
                    "must have Load context")
          self.stmt(cls(body=[]), "empty body on ClassDef")
          self.stmt(cls(body=[None]), "None disallowed")
          self.stmt(cls(decorator_list=[ast.Name("x", ast.Store())]),
                    "must have Load context")
  
      def test_delete(self):
          self.stmt(ast.Delete([]), "empty targets on Delete")
          self.stmt(ast.Delete([None]), "None disallowed")
          self.stmt(ast.Delete([ast.Name("x", ast.Load())]),
                    "must have Del context")
  
      def test_assign(self):
          self.stmt(ast.Assign([], ast.Num(3)), "empty targets on Assign")
          self.stmt(ast.Assign([None], ast.Num(3)), "None disallowed")
          self.stmt(ast.Assign([ast.Name("x", ast.Load())], ast.Num(3)),
                    "must have Store context")
          self.stmt(ast.Assign([ast.Name("x", ast.Store())],
                                  ast.Name("y", ast.Store())),
                    "must have Load context")
  
      def test_augassign(self):
          aug = ast.AugAssign(ast.Name("x", ast.Load()), ast.Add(),
                              ast.Name("y", ast.Load()))
          self.stmt(aug, "must have Store context")
          aug = ast.AugAssign(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), ast.Add(),
                              ast.Name("y", ast.Store()))
          self.stmt(aug, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_for(self):
          x = ast.Name("x", ast.Store())
          y = ast.Name("y", ast.Load())
          p = ast.Pass()
          self.stmt(ast.For(x, y, [], []), "empty body on For")
          self.stmt(ast.For(ast.Name("x", ast.Load()), y, [p], []),
                    "must have Store context")
          self.stmt(ast.For(x, ast.Name("y", ast.Store()), [p], []),
                    "must have Load context")
          e = ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))
          self.stmt(ast.For(x, y, [e], []), "must have Load context")
          self.stmt(ast.For(x, y, [p], [e]), "must have Load context")
  
      def test_while(self):
          self.stmt(ast.While(ast.Num(3), [], []), "empty body on While")
          self.stmt(ast.While(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), [ast.Pass()], []),
                    "must have Load context")
          self.stmt(ast.While(ast.Num(3), [ast.Pass()],
                               [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))]),
                               "must have Load context")
  
      def test_if(self):
          self.stmt(ast.If(ast.Num(3), [], []), "empty body on If")
          i = ast.If(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), [ast.Pass()], [])
          self.stmt(i, "must have Load context")
          i = ast.If(ast.Num(3), [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))], [])
          self.stmt(i, "must have Load context")
          i = ast.If(ast.Num(3), [ast.Pass()],
                     [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))])
          self.stmt(i, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_with(self):
          p = ast.Pass()
          self.stmt(ast.With([], [p]), "empty items on With")
          i = ast.withitem(ast.Num(3), None)
          self.stmt(ast.With([i], []), "empty body on With")
          i = ast.withitem(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), None)
          self.stmt(ast.With([i], [p]), "must have Load context")
          i = ast.withitem(ast.Num(3), ast.Name("x", ast.Load()))
          self.stmt(ast.With([i], [p]), "must have Store context")
  
      def test_raise(self):
          r = ast.Raise(None, ast.Num(3))
          self.stmt(r, "Raise with cause but no exception")
          r = ast.Raise(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), None)
          self.stmt(r, "must have Load context")
          r = ast.Raise(ast.Num(4), ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))
          self.stmt(r, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_try(self):
          p = ast.Pass()
          t = ast.Try([], [], [], [p])
          self.stmt(t, "empty body on Try")
          t = ast.Try([ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))], [], [], [p])
          self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
          t = ast.Try([p], [], [], [])
          self.stmt(t, "Try has neither except handlers nor finalbody")
          t = ast.Try([p], [], [p], [p])
          self.stmt(t, "Try has orelse but no except handlers")
          t = ast.Try([p], [ast.ExceptHandler(None, "x", [])], [], [])
          self.stmt(t, "empty body on ExceptHandler")
          e = [ast.ExceptHandler(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), "y", [p])]
          self.stmt(ast.Try([p], e, [], []), "must have Load context")
          e = [ast.ExceptHandler(None, "x", [p])]
          t = ast.Try([p], e, [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))], [p])
          self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
          t = ast.Try([p], e, [p], [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))])
          self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_assert(self):
          self.stmt(ast.Assert(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), None),
                    "must have Load context")
          assrt = ast.Assert(ast.Name("x", ast.Load()),
                             ast.Name("y", ast.Store()))
          self.stmt(assrt, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_import(self):
          self.stmt(ast.Import([]), "empty names on Import")
  
      def test_importfrom(self):
          imp = ast.ImportFrom(None, [ast.alias("x", None)], -42)
          self.stmt(imp, "Negative ImportFrom level")
          self.stmt(ast.ImportFrom(None, [], 0), "empty names on ImportFrom")
  
      def test_global(self):
          self.stmt(ast.Global([]), "empty names on Global")
  
      def test_nonlocal(self):
          self.stmt(ast.Nonlocal([]), "empty names on Nonlocal")
  
      def test_expr(self):
          e = ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))
          self.stmt(e, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_boolop(self):
          b = ast.BoolOp(ast.And(), [])
          self.expr(b, "less than 2 values")
          b = ast.BoolOp(ast.And(), [ast.Num(3)])
          self.expr(b, "less than 2 values")
          b = ast.BoolOp(ast.And(), [ast.Num(4), None])
          self.expr(b, "None disallowed")
          b = ast.BoolOp(ast.And(), [ast.Num(4), ast.Name("x", ast.Store())])
          self.expr(b, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_unaryop(self):
          u = ast.UnaryOp(ast.Not(), ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))
          self.expr(u, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_lambda(self):
          a = ast.arguments([], [], None, [], [], None, [])
          self.expr(ast.Lambda(a, ast.Name("x", ast.Store())),
                    "must have Load context")
          def fac(args):
              return ast.Lambda(args, ast.Name("x", ast.Load()))
          self._check_arguments(fac, self.expr)
  
      def test_ifexp(self):
          l = ast.Name("x", ast.Load())
          s = ast.Name("y", ast.Store())
          for args in (s, l, l), (l, s, l), (l, l, s):
              self.expr(ast.IfExp(*args), "must have Load context")
  
      def test_dict(self):
          d = ast.Dict([], [ast.Name("x", ast.Load())])
          self.expr(d, "same number of keys as values")
          d = ast.Dict([ast.Name("x", ast.Load())], [None])
          self.expr(d, "None disallowed")
  
      def test_set(self):
          self.expr(ast.Set([None]), "None disallowed")
          s = ast.Set([ast.Name("x", ast.Store())])
          self.expr(s, "must have Load context")
  
      def _check_comprehension(self, fac):
          self.expr(fac([]), "comprehension with no generators")
          g = ast.comprehension(ast.Name("x", ast.Load()),
                                ast.Name("x", ast.Load()), [], 0)
          self.expr(fac([g]), "must have Store context")
          g = ast.comprehension(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()),
                                ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), [], 0)
          self.expr(fac([g]), "must have Load context")
          x = ast.Name("x", ast.Store())
          y = ast.Name("y", ast.Load())
          g = ast.comprehension(x, y, [None], 0)
          self.expr(fac([g]), "None disallowed")
          g = ast.comprehension(x, y, [ast.Name("x", ast.Store())], 0)
          self.expr(fac([g]), "must have Load context")
  
      def _simple_comp(self, fac):
          g = ast.comprehension(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()),
                                ast.Name("x", ast.Load()), [], 0)
          self.expr(fac(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), [g]),
                    "must have Load context")
          def wrap(gens):
              return fac(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), gens)
          self._check_comprehension(wrap)
  
      def test_listcomp(self):
          self._simple_comp(ast.ListComp)
  
      def test_setcomp(self):
          self._simple_comp(ast.SetComp)
  
      def test_generatorexp(self):
          self._simple_comp(ast.GeneratorExp)
  
      def test_dictcomp(self):
          g = ast.comprehension(ast.Name("y", ast.Store()),
                                ast.Name("p", ast.Load()), [], 0)
          c = ast.DictComp(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()),
                           ast.Name("y", ast.Load()), [g])
          self.expr(c, "must have Load context")
          c = ast.DictComp(ast.Name("x", ast.Load()),
                           ast.Name("y", ast.Store()), [g])
          self.expr(c, "must have Load context")
          def factory(comps):
              k = ast.Name("x", ast.Load())
              v = ast.Name("y", ast.Load())
              return ast.DictComp(k, v, comps)
          self._check_comprehension(factory)
  
      def test_yield(self):
          self.expr(ast.Yield(ast.Name("x", ast.Store())), "must have Load")
          self.expr(ast.YieldFrom(ast.Name("x", ast.Store())), "must have Load")
  
      def test_compare(self):
          left = ast.Name("x", ast.Load())
          comp = ast.Compare(left, [ast.In()], [])
          self.expr(comp, "no comparators")
          comp = ast.Compare(left, [ast.In()], [ast.Num(4), ast.Num(5)])
          self.expr(comp, "different number of comparators and operands")
          comp = ast.Compare(ast.Num("blah"), [ast.In()], [left])
          self.expr(comp)
          comp = ast.Compare(left, [ast.In()], [ast.Num("blah")])
          self.expr(comp)
  
      def test_call(self):
          func = ast.Name("x", ast.Load())
          args = [ast.Name("y", ast.Load())]
          keywords = [ast.keyword("w", ast.Name("z", ast.Load()))]
          call = ast.Call(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), args, keywords)
          self.expr(call, "must have Load context")
          call = ast.Call(func, [None], keywords)
          self.expr(call, "None disallowed")
          bad_keywords = [ast.keyword("w", ast.Name("z", ast.Store()))]
          call = ast.Call(func, args, bad_keywords)
          self.expr(call, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_num(self):
          class subint(int):
              pass
          class subfloat(float):
              pass
          class subcomplex(complex):
              pass
          for obj in "0", "hello":
              self.expr(ast.Num(obj))
          for obj in subint(), subfloat(), subcomplex():
              self.expr(ast.Num(obj), "invalid type", exc=TypeError)
  
      def test_attribute(self):
          attr = ast.Attribute(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), "y", ast.Load())
          self.expr(attr, "must have Load context")
  
      def test_subscript(self):
          sub = ast.Subscript(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), ast.Index(ast.Num(3)),
                              ast.Load())
          self.expr(sub, "must have Load context")
          x = ast.Name("x", ast.Load())
          sub = ast.Subscript(x, ast.Index(ast.Name("y", ast.Store())),
                              ast.Load())
          self.expr(sub, "must have Load context")
          s = ast.Name("x", ast.Store())
          for args in (s, None, None), (None, s, None), (None, None, s):
              sl = ast.Slice(*args)
              self.expr(ast.Subscript(x, sl, ast.Load()),
                        "must have Load context")
          sl = ast.ExtSlice([])
          self.expr(ast.Subscript(x, sl, ast.Load()), "empty dims on ExtSlice")
          sl = ast.ExtSlice([ast.Index(s)])
          self.expr(ast.Subscript(x, sl, ast.Load()), "must have Load context")
  
      def test_starred(self):
          left = ast.List([ast.Starred(ast.Name("x", ast.Load()), ast.Store())],
                          ast.Store())
          assign = ast.Assign([left], ast.Num(4))
          self.stmt(assign, "must have Store context")
  
      def _sequence(self, fac):
          self.expr(fac([None], ast.Load()), "None disallowed")
          self.expr(fac([ast.Name("x", ast.Store())], ast.Load()),
                    "must have Load context")
  
      def test_list(self):
          self._sequence(ast.List)
  
      def test_tuple(self):
          self._sequence(ast.Tuple)
  
      def test_nameconstant(self):
          self.expr(ast.NameConstant(4))
  
      def test_stdlib_validates(self):
          stdlib = os.path.dirname(ast.__file__)
          tests = [fn for fn in os.listdir(stdlib) if fn.endswith(".py")]
          tests.extend(["test/test_grammar.py", "test/test_unpack_ex.py"])
          for module in tests:
              with self.subTest(module):
                  fn = os.path.join(stdlib, module)
                  with open(fn, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
                      source = fp.read()
                  mod = ast.parse(source, fn)
                  compile(mod, fn, "exec")
  
  
  class ConstantTests(unittest.TestCase):
      """Tests on the ast.Constant node type."""
  
      def compile_constant(self, value):
          tree = ast.parse("x = 123")
  
          node = tree.body[0].value
          new_node = ast.Constant(value=value)
          ast.copy_location(new_node, node)
          tree.body[0].value = new_node
  
          code = compile(tree, "<string>", "exec")
  
          ns = {}
          exec(code, ns)
          return ns['x']
  
      def test_validation(self):
          with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
              self.compile_constant([1, 2, 3])
          self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
                           "got an invalid type in Constant: list")
  
      def test_singletons(self):
          for const in (None, False, True, Ellipsis, b'', frozenset()):
              with self.subTest(const=const):
                  value = self.compile_constant(const)
                  self.assertIs(value, const)
  
      def test_values(self):
          nested_tuple = (1,)
          nested_frozenset = frozenset({1})
          for level in range(3):
              nested_tuple = (nested_tuple, 2)
              nested_frozenset = frozenset({nested_frozenset, 2})
          values = (123, 123.0, 123j,
                    "unicode", b'bytes',
                    tuple("tuple"), frozenset("frozenset"),
                    nested_tuple, nested_frozenset)
          for value in values:
              with self.subTest(value=value):
                  result = self.compile_constant(value)
                  self.assertEqual(result, value)
  
      def test_assign_to_constant(self):
          tree = ast.parse("x = 1")
  
          target = tree.body[0].targets[0]
          new_target = ast.Constant(value=1)
          ast.copy_location(new_target, target)
          tree.body[0].targets[0] = new_target
  
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
              compile(tree, "string", "exec")
          self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
                           "expression which can't be assigned "
                           "to in Store context")
  
      def test_get_docstring(self):
          tree = ast.parse("'docstring'\nx = 1")
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(tree), 'docstring')
  
      def get_load_const(self, tree):
          # Compile to bytecode, disassemble and get parameter of LOAD_CONST
          # instructions
          co = compile(tree, '<string>', 'exec')
          consts = []
          for instr in dis.get_instructions(co):
              if instr.opname == 'LOAD_CONST':
                  consts.append(instr.argval)
          return consts
  
      @support.cpython_only
      def test_load_const(self):
          consts = [None,
                    True, False,
                    124,
                    2.0,
                    3j,
                    "unicode",
                    b'bytes',
                    (1, 2, 3)]
  
          code = '\n'.join(['x={!r}'.format(const) for const in consts])
          code += '\nx = ...'
          consts.extend((Ellipsis, None))
  
          tree = ast.parse(code)
          self.assertEqual(self.get_load_const(tree),
                           consts)
  
          # Replace expression nodes with constants
          for assign, const in zip(tree.body, consts):
              assert isinstance(assign, ast.Assign), ast.dump(assign)
              new_node = ast.Constant(value=const)
              ast.copy_location(new_node, assign.value)
              assign.value = new_node
  
          self.assertEqual(self.get_load_const(tree),
                           consts)
  
      def test_literal_eval(self):
          tree = ast.parse("1 + 2")
          binop = tree.body[0].value
  
          new_left = ast.Constant(value=10)
          ast.copy_location(new_left, binop.left)
          binop.left = new_left
  
          new_right = ast.Constant(value=20j)
          ast.copy_location(new_right, binop.right)
          binop.right = new_right
  
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval(binop), 10+20j)
  
      def test_string_kind(self):
          c = ast.parse('"x"', mode='eval').body
          self.assertEqual(c.value, "x")
          self.assertEqual(c.kind, None)
  
          c = ast.parse('u"x"', mode='eval').body
          self.assertEqual(c.value, "x")
          self.assertEqual(c.kind, "u")
  
          c = ast.parse('r"x"', mode='eval').body
          self.assertEqual(c.value, "x")
          self.assertEqual(c.kind, None)
  
          c = ast.parse('b"x"', mode='eval').body
          self.assertEqual(c.value, b"x")
          self.assertEqual(c.kind, None)
  
  
  class EndPositionTests(unittest.TestCase):
      """Tests for end position of AST nodes.
  
      Testing end positions of nodes requires a bit of extra care
      because of how LL parsers work.
      """
      def _check_end_pos(self, ast_node, end_lineno, end_col_offset):
          self.assertEqual(ast_node.end_lineno, end_lineno)
          self.assertEqual(ast_node.end_col_offset, end_col_offset)
  
      def _check_content(self, source, ast_node, content):
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_source_segment(source, ast_node), content)
  
      def _parse_value(self, s):
          # Use duck-typing to support both single expression
          # and a right hand side of an assignment statement.
          return ast.parse(s).body[0].value
  
      def test_lambda(self):
          s = 'lambda x, *y: None'
          lam = self._parse_value(s)
          self._check_content(s, lam.body, 'None')
          self._check_content(s, lam.args.args[0], 'x')
          self._check_content(s, lam.args.vararg, 'y')
  
      def test_func_def(self):
          s = dedent('''
              def func(x: int,
                       *args: str,
                       z: float = 0,
                       **kwargs: Any) -> bool:
                  return True
              ''').strip()
          fdef = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_end_pos(fdef, 5, 15)
          self._check_content(s, fdef.body[0], 'return True')
          self._check_content(s, fdef.args.args[0], 'x: int')
          self._check_content(s, fdef.args.args[0].annotation, 'int')
          self._check_content(s, fdef.args.kwarg, 'kwargs: Any')
          self._check_content(s, fdef.args.kwarg.annotation, 'Any')
  
      def test_call(self):
          s = 'func(x, y=2, **kw)'
          call = self._parse_value(s)
          self._check_content(s, call.func, 'func')
          self._check_content(s, call.keywords[0].value, '2')
          self._check_content(s, call.keywords[1].value, 'kw')
  
      def test_call_noargs(self):
          s = 'x[0]()'
          call = self._parse_value(s)
          self._check_content(s, call.func, 'x[0]')
          self._check_end_pos(call, 1, 6)
  
      def test_class_def(self):
          s = dedent('''
              class C(A, B):
                  x: int = 0
          ''').strip()
          cdef = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_end_pos(cdef, 2, 14)
          self._check_content(s, cdef.bases[1], 'B')
          self._check_content(s, cdef.body[0], 'x: int = 0')
  
      def test_class_kw(self):
          s = 'class S(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): pass'
          cdef = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_content(s, cdef.keywords[0].value, 'abc.ABCMeta')
  
      def test_multi_line_str(self):
          s = dedent('''
              x = """Some multi-line text.
  
              It goes on starting from same indent."""
          ''').strip()
          assign = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_end_pos(assign, 3, 40)
          self._check_end_pos(assign.value, 3, 40)
  
      def test_continued_str(self):
          s = dedent('''
              x = "first part" \\
              "second part"
          ''').strip()
          assign = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_end_pos(assign, 2, 13)
          self._check_end_pos(assign.value, 2, 13)
  
      def test_suites(self):
          # We intentionally put these into the same string to check
          # that empty lines are not part of the suite.
          s = dedent('''
              while True:
                  pass
  
              if one():
                  x = None
              elif other():
                  y = None
              else:
                  z = None
  
              for x, y in stuff:
                  assert True
  
              try:
                  raise RuntimeError
              except TypeError as e:
                  pass
  
              pass
          ''').strip()
          mod = ast.parse(s)
          while_loop = mod.body[0]
          if_stmt = mod.body[1]
          for_loop = mod.body[2]
          try_stmt = mod.body[3]
          pass_stmt = mod.body[4]
  
          self._check_end_pos(while_loop, 2, 8)
          self._check_end_pos(if_stmt, 9, 12)
          self._check_end_pos(for_loop, 12, 15)
          self._check_end_pos(try_stmt, 17, 8)
          self._check_end_pos(pass_stmt, 19, 4)
  
          self._check_content(s, while_loop.test, 'True')
          self._check_content(s, if_stmt.body[0], 'x = None')
          self._check_content(s, if_stmt.orelse[0].test, 'other()')
          self._check_content(s, for_loop.target, 'x, y')
          self._check_content(s, try_stmt.body[0], 'raise RuntimeError')
          self._check_content(s, try_stmt.handlers[0].type, 'TypeError')
  
      def test_fstring(self):
          s = 'x = f"abc {x + y} abc"'
          fstr = self._parse_value(s)
          binop = fstr.values[1].value
          self._check_content(s, binop, 'x + y')
  
      def test_fstring_multi_line(self):
          s = dedent('''
              f"""Some multi-line text.
              {
              arg_one
              +
              arg_two
              }
              It goes on..."""
          ''').strip()
          fstr = self._parse_value(s)
          binop = fstr.values[1].value
          self._check_end_pos(binop, 5, 7)
          self._check_content(s, binop.left, 'arg_one')
          self._check_content(s, binop.right, 'arg_two')
  
      def test_import_from_multi_line(self):
          s = dedent('''
              from x.y.z import (
                  a, b, c as c
              )
          ''').strip()
          imp = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_end_pos(imp, 3, 1)
  
      def test_slices(self):
          s1 = 'f()[1, 2] [0]'
          s2 = 'x[ a.b: c.d]'
          sm = dedent('''
              x[ a.b: f () ,
                 g () : c.d
                ]
          ''').strip()
          i1, i2, im = map(self._parse_value, (s1, s2, sm))
          self._check_content(s1, i1.value, 'f()[1, 2]')
          self._check_content(s1, i1.value.slice.value, '1, 2')
          self._check_content(s2, i2.slice.lower, 'a.b')
          self._check_content(s2, i2.slice.upper, 'c.d')
          self._check_content(sm, im.slice.dims[0].upper, 'f ()')
          self._check_content(sm, im.slice.dims[1].lower, 'g ()')
          self._check_end_pos(im, 3, 3)
  
      def test_binop(self):
          s = dedent('''
              (1 * 2 + (3 ) +
                   4
              )
          ''').strip()
          binop = self._parse_value(s)
          self._check_end_pos(binop, 2, 6)
          self._check_content(s, binop.right, '4')
          self._check_content(s, binop.left, '1 * 2 + (3 )')
          self._check_content(s, binop.left.right, '3')
  
      def test_boolop(self):
          s = dedent('''
              if (one_condition and
                      (other_condition or yet_another_one)):
                  pass
          ''').strip()
          bop = ast.parse(s).body[0].test
          self._check_end_pos(bop, 2, 44)
          self._check_content(s, bop.values[1],
                              'other_condition or yet_another_one')
  
      def test_tuples(self):
          s1 = 'x = () ;'
          s2 = 'x = 1 , ;'
          s3 = 'x = (1 , 2 ) ;'
          sm = dedent('''
              x = (
                  a, b,
              )
          ''').strip()
          t1, t2, t3, tm = map(self._parse_value, (s1, s2, s3, sm))
          self._check_content(s1, t1, '()')
          self._check_content(s2, t2, '1 ,')
          self._check_content(s3, t3, '(1 , 2 )')
          self._check_end_pos(tm, 3, 1)
  
      def test_attribute_spaces(self):
          s = 'func(x. y .z)'
          call = self._parse_value(s)
          self._check_content(s, call, s)
          self._check_content(s, call.args[0], 'x. y .z')
  
      def test_redundant_parenthesis(self):
          s = '( ( ( a + b ) ) )'
          v = ast.parse(s).body[0].value
          self.assertEqual(type(v).__name__, 'BinOp')
          self._check_content(s, v, 'a + b')
          s2 = 'await ' + s
          v = ast.parse(s2).body[0].value.value
          self.assertEqual(type(v).__name__, 'BinOp')
          self._check_content(s2, v, 'a + b')
  
      def test_trailers_with_redundant_parenthesis(self):
          tests = (
              ('( ( ( a ) ) ) ( )', 'Call'),
              ('( ( ( a ) ) ) ( b )', 'Call'),
              ('( ( ( a ) ) ) [ b ]', 'Subscript'),
              ('( ( ( a ) ) ) . b', 'Attribute'),
          )
          for s, t in tests:
              with self.subTest(s):
                  v = ast.parse(s).body[0].value
                  self.assertEqual(type(v).__name__, t)
                  self._check_content(s, v, s)
                  s2 = 'await ' + s
                  v = ast.parse(s2).body[0].value.value
                  self.assertEqual(type(v).__name__, t)
                  self._check_content(s2, v, s)
  
      def test_displays(self):
          s1 = '[{}, {1, }, {1, 2,} ]'
          s2 = '{a: b, f (): g () ,}'
          c1 = self._parse_value(s1)
          c2 = self._parse_value(s2)
          self._check_content(s1, c1.elts[0], '{}')
          self._check_content(s1, c1.elts[1], '{1, }')
          self._check_content(s1, c1.elts[2], '{1, 2,}')
          self._check_content(s2, c2.keys[1], 'f ()')
          self._check_content(s2, c2.values[1], 'g ()')
  
      def test_comprehensions(self):
          s = dedent('''
              x = [{x for x, y in stuff
                    if cond.x} for stuff in things]
          ''').strip()
          cmp = self._parse_value(s)
          self._check_end_pos(cmp, 2, 37)
          self._check_content(s, cmp.generators[0].iter, 'things')
          self._check_content(s, cmp.elt.generators[0].iter, 'stuff')
          self._check_content(s, cmp.elt.generators[0].ifs[0], 'cond.x')
          self._check_content(s, cmp.elt.generators[0].target, 'x, y')
  
      def test_yield_await(self):
          s = dedent('''
              async def f():
                  yield x
                  await y
          ''').strip()
          fdef = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self._check_content(s, fdef.body[0].value, 'yield x')
          self._check_content(s, fdef.body[1].value, 'await y')
  
      def test_source_segment_multi(self):
          s_orig = dedent('''
              x = (
                  a, b,
              ) + ()
          ''').strip()
          s_tuple = dedent('''
              (
                  a, b,
              )
          ''').strip()
          binop = self._parse_value(s_orig)
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_source_segment(s_orig, binop.left), s_tuple)
  
      def test_source_segment_padded(self):
          s_orig = dedent('''
              class C:
                  def fun(self) -> None:
                      "ЖЖЖЖЖ"
          ''').strip()
          s_method = '    def fun(self) -> None:\n' \
                     '        "ЖЖЖЖЖ"'
          cdef = ast.parse(s_orig).body[0]
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_source_segment(s_orig, cdef.body[0], padded=True),
                           s_method)
  
      def test_source_segment_endings(self):
          s = 'v = 1\r\nw = 1\nx = 1\n\ry = 1\rz = 1\r\n'
          v, w, x, y, z = ast.parse(s).body
          self._check_content(s, v, 'v = 1')
          self._check_content(s, w, 'w = 1')
          self._check_content(s, x, 'x = 1')
          self._check_content(s, y, 'y = 1')
          self._check_content(s, z, 'z = 1')
  
      def test_source_segment_tabs(self):
          s = dedent('''
              class C:
                \t\f  def fun(self) -> None:
                \t\f      pass
          ''').strip()
          s_method = '  \t\f  def fun(self) -> None:\n' \
                     '  \t\f      pass'
  
          cdef = ast.parse(s).body[0]
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_source_segment(s, cdef.body[0], padded=True), s_method)
  
  
  class NodeVisitorTests(unittest.TestCase):
      def test_old_constant_nodes(self):
          class Visitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
              def visit_Num(self, node):
                  log.append((node.lineno, 'Num', node.n))
              def visit_Str(self, node):
                  log.append((node.lineno, 'Str', node.s))
              def visit_Bytes(self, node):
                  log.append((node.lineno, 'Bytes', node.s))
              def visit_NameConstant(self, node):
                  log.append((node.lineno, 'NameConstant', node.value))
              def visit_Ellipsis(self, node):
                  log.append((node.lineno, 'Ellipsis', ...))
          mod = ast.parse(dedent('''\
              i = 42
              f = 4.25
              c = 4.25j
              s = 'string'
              b = b'bytes'
              t = True
              n = None
              e = ...
              '''))
          visitor = Visitor()
          log = []
          with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as wlog:
              warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', DeprecationWarning)
              visitor.visit(mod)
          self.assertEqual(log, [
              (1, 'Num', 42),
              (2, 'Num', 4.25),
              (3, 'Num', 4.25j),
              (4, 'Str', 'string'),
              (5, 'Bytes', b'bytes'),
              (6, 'NameConstant', True),
              (7, 'NameConstant', None),
              (8, 'Ellipsis', ...),
          ])
          self.assertEqual([str(w.message) for w in wlog], [
              'visit_Num is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_Num is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_Num is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_Str is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_Bytes is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_NameConstant is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_NameConstant is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
              'visit_Ellipsis is deprecated; add visit_Constant',
          ])
  
  
  def main():
      if __name__ != '__main__':
          return
      if sys.argv[1:] == ['-g']:
          for statements, kind in ((exec_tests, "exec"), (single_tests, "single"),
                                   (eval_tests, "eval")):
              print(kind+"_results = [")
              for statement in statements:
                  tree = ast.parse(statement, "?", kind)
                  print("%r," % (to_tuple(tree),))
              print("]")
          print("main()")
          raise SystemExit
      unittest.main()
  
  #### EVERYTHING BELOW IS GENERATED BY python Lib/test/test_ast.py -g  #####
  exec_results = [
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 4), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 4), None, None))], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 18), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'module docstring', None))], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 9, 1, 13))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Expr', (1, 9, 1, 29), ('Constant', (1, 9, 1, 29), 'function docstring', None))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 14), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 10, 1, 14))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 0, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 12, 1, 16))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], ('arg', (1, 7, 1, 11), 'args', None, None), [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 14, 1, 18))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 21), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], ('arg', (1, 8, 1, 14), 'kwargs', None, None), []), [('Pass', (1, 17, 1, 21))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 71), 'f', ('arguments', [], [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None), ('arg', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'b', None, None), ('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'c', None, None), ('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 28, 1, 29), 'e', None, None)], ('arg', (1, 35, 1, 39), 'args', None, None), [('arg', (1, 41, 1, 42), 'f', None, None)], [('Constant', (1, 43, 1, 45), 42, None)], ('arg', (1, 49, 1, 55), 'kwargs', None, None), [('Constant', (1, 11, 1, 12), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 20), None, None), ('List', (1, 24, 1, 26), [], ('Load',)), ('Dict', (1, 30, 1, 32), [], [])]), [('Expr', (1, 58, 1, 71), ('Constant', (1, 58, 1, 71), 'doc for f()', None))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 12), 'C', [], [], [('Pass', (1, 8, 1, 12))], [])], []),
  ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 32), 'C', [], [], [('Expr', (1, 9, 1, 32), ('Constant', (1, 9, 1, 32), 'docstring for class C', None))], [])], []),
  ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0, 1, 21), 'C', [('Name', (1, 8, 1, 14), 'object', ('Load',))], [], [('Pass', (1, 17, 1, 21))], [])], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 16), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Return', (1, 8, 1, 16), ('Constant', (1, 15, 1, 16), 1, None))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Delete', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Del',))])], []),
  ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'v', ('Store',))], ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 1, None), None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 3), [('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',))], ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'c', ('Load',)), None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0, 1, 9), [('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',))], ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'c', ('Load',)), None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0, 1, 9), [('List', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',))], ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'c', ('Load',)), None)], []),
  ('Module', [('AugAssign', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Add',), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 1, None))], []),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 11, 1, 15))], [], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('While', (1, 0, 1, 12), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 8, 1, 12))], [])], []),
  ('Module', [('If', (1, 0, 1, 9), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 5, 1, 9))], [])], []),
  ('Module', [('If', (1, 0, 4, 6), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'a', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [('If', (3, 0, 4, 6), ('Name', (3, 5, 3, 6), 'b', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))], [])])], []),
  ('Module', [('If', (1, 0, 6, 6), ('Name', (1, 3, 1, 4), 'a', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [('If', (3, 0, 6, 6), ('Name', (3, 5, 3, 6), 'b', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))], [('Pass', (6, 2, 6, 6))])])], []),
  ('Module', [('With', (1, 0, 1, 17), [('withitem', ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'x', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 10, 1, 11), 'y', ('Store',)))], [('Pass', (1, 13, 1, 17))], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('With', (1, 0, 1, 25), [('withitem', ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'x', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 10, 1, 11), 'y', ('Store',))), ('withitem', ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'z', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'q', ('Store',)))], [('Pass', (1, 21, 1, 25))], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Raise', (1, 0, 1, 25), ('Call', (1, 6, 1, 25), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 15), 'Exception', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 24), 'string', None)], []), None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Try', (1, 0, 4, 6), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [('ExceptHandler', (3, 0, 4, 6), ('Name', (3, 7, 3, 16), 'Exception', ('Load',)), None, [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))])], [], [])], []),
  ('Module', [('Try', (1, 0, 4, 6), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [], [], [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))])], []),
  ('Module', [('Assert', (1, 0, 1, 8), ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'v', ('Load',)), None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Import', (1, 0, 1, 10), [('alias', 'sys', None)])], []),
  ('Module', [('ImportFrom', (1, 0, 1, 17), 'sys', [('alias', 'v', None)], 0)], []),
  ('Module', [('Global', (1, 0, 1, 8), ['v'])], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 1), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None))], []),
  ('Module', [('Pass', (1, 0, 1, 4))], []),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0, 1, 16), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Break', (1, 11, 1, 16))], [], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Continue', (1, 11, 1, 19))], [], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0, 1, 18), ('Tuple', (1, 4, 1, 7), [('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 14, 1, 18))], [], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 4, 1, 9), [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 16, 1, 20))], [], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('List', (1, 4, 1, 9), [('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 16, 1, 20))], [], None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 11, 5), ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 11, 5), ('Tuple', (2, 4, 6, 5), [('Name', (3, 4, 3, 6), 'Aa', ('Load',)), ('Name', (5, 7, 5, 9), 'Bb', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (8, 4, 10, 6), [('Name', (8, 4, 8, 6), 'Aa', ('Store',)), ('Name', (10, 4, 10, 6), 'Bb', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (10, 10, 10, 12), 'Cc', ('Load',)), [], 0)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 34), ('DictComp', (1, 0, 1, 34), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'w', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 16, 1, 17), 'x', ('Load',)), [], 0), ('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'm', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 27, 1, 28), 'p', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 32, 1, 33), 'g', ('Load',))], 0)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('DictComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 5, 1, 6), 'b', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'w', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'x', ('Load',)), [], 0)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'r', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'l', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'x', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'g', ('Load',))], 0)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 16), ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 16), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'r', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 7, 1, 10), [('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'l', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9, 1, 10), 'm', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'x', ('Load',)), [], 0)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('AsyncFunctionDef', (1, 0, 3, 18), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Expr', (2, 1, 2, 17), ('Constant', (2, 1, 2, 17), 'async function', None)), ('Expr', (3, 1, 3, 18), ('Await', (3, 1, 3, 18), ('Call', (3, 7, 3, 18), ('Name', (3, 7, 3, 16), 'something', ('Load',)), [], [])))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('AsyncFunctionDef', (1, 0, 3, 8), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('AsyncFor', (2, 1, 3, 8), ('Name', (2, 11, 2, 12), 'e', ('Store',)), ('Name', (2, 16, 2, 17), 'i', ('Load',)), [('Expr', (2, 19, 2, 20), ('Constant', (2, 19, 2, 20), 1, None))], [('Expr', (3, 7, 3, 8), ('Constant', (3, 7, 3, 8), 2, None))], None)], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('AsyncFunctionDef', (1, 0, 2, 21), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('AsyncWith', (2, 1, 2, 21), [('withitem', ('Name', (2, 12, 2, 13), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (2, 17, 2, 18), 'b', ('Store',)))], [('Expr', (2, 20, 2, 21), ('Constant', (2, 20, 2, 21), 1, None))], None)], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 14), ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 14), [None, ('Constant', (1, 10, 1, 11), 2, None)], [('Dict', (1, 3, 1, 8), [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 1, None)], [('Constant', (1, 6, 1, 7), 2, None)]), ('Constant', (1, 12, 1, 13), 3, None)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 12), ('Set', (1, 0, 1, 12), [('Starred', (1, 1, 1, 8), ('Set', (1, 2, 1, 8), [('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 6, 1, 7), 2, None)]), ('Load',)), ('Constant', (1, 10, 1, 11), 3, None)]))], []),
  ('Module', [('AsyncFunctionDef', (1, 0, 2, 21), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Expr', (2, 1, 2, 21), ('ListComp', (2, 1, 2, 21), ('Name', (2, 2, 2, 3), 'i', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (2, 14, 2, 15), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (2, 19, 2, 20), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 1)]))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (4, 0, 4, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (4, 9, 4, 13))], [('Name', (1, 1, 1, 6), 'deco1', ('Load',)), ('Call', (2, 1, 2, 8), ('Name', (2, 1, 2, 6), 'deco2', ('Load',)), [], []), ('Call', (3, 1, 3, 9), ('Name', (3, 1, 3, 6), 'deco3', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (3, 7, 3, 8), 1, None)], [])], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('AsyncFunctionDef', (4, 0, 4, 19), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (4, 15, 4, 19))], [('Name', (1, 1, 1, 6), 'deco1', ('Load',)), ('Call', (2, 1, 2, 8), ('Name', (2, 1, 2, 6), 'deco2', ('Load',)), [], []), ('Call', (3, 1, 3, 9), ('Name', (3, 1, 3, 6), 'deco3', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (3, 7, 3, 8), 1, None)], [])], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('ClassDef', (4, 0, 4, 13), 'C', [], [], [('Pass', (4, 9, 4, 13))], [('Name', (1, 1, 1, 6), 'deco1', ('Load',)), ('Call', (2, 1, 2, 8), ('Name', (2, 1, 2, 6), 'deco2', ('Load',)), [], []), ('Call', (3, 1, 3, 9), ('Name', (3, 1, 3, 6), 'deco3', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (3, 7, 3, 8), 1, None)], [])])], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (2, 0, 2, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (2, 9, 2, 13))], [('Call', (1, 1, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 5), 'deco', ('Load',)), [('GeneratorExp', (1, 5, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'b', ('Load',)), [], 0)])], [])], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (2, 0, 2, 13), 'f', ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (2, 9, 2, 13))], [('Attribute', (1, 1, 1, 6), ('Attribute', (1, 1, 1, 4), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',))], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 8), ('NamedExpr', (1, 1, 1, 7), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Constant', (1, 6, 1, 7), 1, None)))], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 18), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 14, 1, 18))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 26), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', None, None), ('arg', (1, 15, 1, 16), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'e', None, None)], None, [], [], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 22, 1, 26))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 21, 1, 22), 'e', None, None)], [None, None], None, []), [('Pass', (1, 25, 1, 29))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 39), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'd', None, None), ('arg', (1, 21, 1, 22), 'e', None, None)], [None, None], ('arg', (1, 26, 1, 32), 'kwargs', None, None), []), [('Pass', (1, 35, 1, 39))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 20), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 16, 1, 20))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 29), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None), ('arg', (1, 19, 1, 20), 'c', None, None)], None, [], [], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 21, 1, 22), 4, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 25, 1, 29))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 32), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [('Constant', (1, 24, 1, 25), 4, None)], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 28, 1, 32))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 30), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [None], None, [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 26, 1, 30))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 42), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [('Constant', (1, 24, 1, 25), 4, None)], ('arg', (1, 29, 1, 35), 'kwargs', None, None), [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 38, 1, 42))], [], None, None)], []),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0, 1, 40), 'f', ('arguments', [('arg', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'a', None, None)], [('arg', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', None, None)], None, [('arg', (1, 22, 1, 23), 'c', None, None)], [None], ('arg', (1, 27, 1, 33), 'kwargs', None, None), [('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 17), 2, None)]), [('Pass', (1, 36, 1, 40))], [], None, None)], []),
  ]
  single_results = [
  ('Interactive', [('Expr', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), ('Add',), ('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 2, None)))]),
  ]
  eval_results = [
  ('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 4), None, None)),
  ('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('And',), [('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 7), 'b', ('Load',))])),
  ('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Add',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Not',), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'v', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0, 1, 11), ('arguments', [], [], None, [], [], None, []), ('Constant', (1, 7, 1, 11), None, None))),
  ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 1, None)], [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None)])),
  ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], [])),
  ('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 5), None, None)])),
  ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0, 5, 6), [('Constant', (2, 6, 2, 7), 1, None)], [('Constant', (4, 10, 4, 11), 2, None)])),
  ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 19), ('Name', (1, 1, 1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17, 1, 18), 'd', ('Load',))], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('SetComp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 20), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 14), [('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18, 1, 19), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 0, 1, 22), ('Tuple', (1, 1, 1, 6), [('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('List', (1, 11, 1, 16), [('Name', (1, 12, 1, 13), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14, 1, 15), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20, 1, 21), 'c', ('Load',)), [], 0)])),
  ('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0, 1, 9), ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), [('Lt',), ('Lt',)], [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 3, None)])),
  ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 17), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 2, None), ('Starred', (1, 10, 1, 12), ('Name', (1, 11, 1, 12), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Load',))], [('keyword', 'c', ('Constant', (1, 8, 1, 9), 3, None)), ('keyword', None, ('Name', (1, 15, 1, 16), 'e', ('Load',)))])),
  ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 10), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Starred', (1, 2, 1, 9), ('List', (1, 3, 1, 9), [('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 0, None), ('Constant', (1, 7, 1, 8), 1, None)], ('Load',)), ('Load',))], [])),
  ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'f', ('Load',)), [('GeneratorExp', (1, 1, 1, 15), ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13, 1, 14), 'b', ('Load',)), [], 0)])], [])),
  ('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 2), 10, None)),
  ('Expression', ('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 8), 'string', None)),
  ('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0, 1, 6), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Name', (1, 2, 1, 3), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4, 1, 5), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'v', ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 5), [('Constant', (1, 0, 1, 1), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 2, 1, 3), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 4, 1, 5), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 7), [('Constant', (1, 1, 1, 2), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 3, 1, 4), 2, None), ('Constant', (1, 5, 1, 6), 3, None)], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0, 1, 2), [], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0, 1, 17), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 7), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 5), ('Attribute', (1, 0, 1, 3), ('Name', (1, 0, 1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 8, 1, 16), ('Attribute', (1, 8, 1, 11), ('Name', (1, 8, 1, 9), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Constant', (1, 12, 1, 13), 1, None), ('Constant', (1, 14, 1, 15), 2, None), None), ('Load',))], [])),
  ]
  main()
  