text: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  # Unit tests for cache framework
  # Uses whatever cache backend is set in the test settings file.
  from __future__ import unicode_literals
  
  import copy
  import io
  import os
  import re
  import shutil
  import tempfile
  import threading
  import time
  import unittest
  import warnings
  
  from django.conf import settings
  from django.core import management, signals
  from django.core.cache import (
      DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS, CacheKeyWarning, cache, caches,
  )
  from django.core.cache.utils import make_template_fragment_key
  from django.db import connection, connections
  from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse
  from django.middleware.cache import (
      CacheMiddleware, FetchFromCacheMiddleware, UpdateCacheMiddleware,
  )
  from django.middleware.csrf import CsrfViewMiddleware
  from django.template import engines
  from django.template.context_processors import csrf
  from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
  from django.test import (
      RequestFactory, SimpleTestCase, TestCase, TransactionTestCase, mock,
      override_settings,
  )
  from django.test.signals import setting_changed
  from django.utils import six, timezone, translation
  from django.utils.cache import (
      get_cache_key, learn_cache_key, patch_cache_control,
      patch_response_headers, patch_vary_headers,
  )
  from django.utils.encoding import force_text
  from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
  
  from .models import Poll, expensive_calculation
  
  try:    # Use the same idiom as in cache backends
      from django.utils.six.moves import cPickle as pickle
  except ImportError:
      import pickle
  
  
  # functions/classes for complex data type tests
  def f():
      return 42
  
  
  class C:
      def m(n):
          return 24
  
  
  class Unpicklable(object):
      def __getstate__(self):
          raise pickle.PickleError()
  
  
  class UnpicklableType(object):
      # Unpicklable using the default pickling protocol on Python 2.
      __slots__ = 'a',
  
  
  @override_settings(CACHES={
      'default': {
          'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.dummy.DummyCache',
      }
  })
  class DummyCacheTests(SimpleTestCase):
      # The Dummy cache backend doesn't really behave like a test backend,
      # so it has its own test case.
  
      def test_simple(self):
          "Dummy cache backend ignores cache set calls"
          cache.set("key", "value")
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key"))
  
      def test_add(self):
          "Add doesn't do anything in dummy cache backend"
          cache.add("addkey1", "value")
          result = cache.add("addkey1", "newvalue")
          self.assertTrue(result)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("addkey1"))
  
      def test_non_existent(self):
          "Non-existent keys aren't found in the dummy cache backend"
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("does_not_exist"))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("does_not_exist", "bang!"), "bang!")
  
      def test_get_many(self):
          "get_many returns nothing for the dummy cache backend"
          cache.set('a', 'a')
          cache.set('b', 'b')
          cache.set('c', 'c')
          cache.set('d', 'd')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_many(['a', 'c', 'd']), {})
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_many(['a', 'b', 'e']), {})
  
      def test_delete(self):
          "Cache deletion is transparently ignored on the dummy cache backend"
          cache.set("key1", "spam")
          cache.set("key2", "eggs")
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key1"))
          cache.delete("key1")
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key1"))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key2"))
  
      def test_has_key(self):
          "The has_key method doesn't ever return True for the dummy cache backend"
          cache.set("hello1", "goodbye1")
          self.assertFalse(cache.has_key("hello1"))
          self.assertFalse(cache.has_key("goodbye1"))
  
      def test_in(self):
          "The in operator doesn't ever return True for the dummy cache backend"
          cache.set("hello2", "goodbye2")
          self.assertNotIn("hello2", cache)
          self.assertNotIn("goodbye2", cache)
  
      def test_incr(self):
          "Dummy cache values can't be incremented"
          cache.set('answer', 42)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.incr('answer')
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.incr('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_decr(self):
          "Dummy cache values can't be decremented"
          cache.set('answer', 42)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.decr('answer')
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.decr('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_data_types(self):
          "All data types are ignored equally by the dummy cache"
          stuff = {
              'string': 'this is a string',
              'int': 42,
              'list': [1, 2, 3, 4],
              'tuple': (1, 2, 3, 4),
              'dict': {'A': 1, 'B': 2},
              'function': f,
              'class': C,
          }
          cache.set("stuff", stuff)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("stuff"))
  
      def test_expiration(self):
          "Expiration has no effect on the dummy cache"
          cache.set('expire1', 'very quickly', 1)
          cache.set('expire2', 'very quickly', 1)
          cache.set('expire3', 'very quickly', 1)
  
          time.sleep(2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("expire1"))
  
          cache.add("expire2", "newvalue")
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("expire2"))
          self.assertFalse(cache.has_key("expire3"))
  
      def test_unicode(self):
          "Unicode values are ignored by the dummy cache"
          stuff = {
              'ascii': 'ascii_value',
              'unicode_ascii': 'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn1',
              'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn': 'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn2',
              'ascii2': {'x': 1}
          }
          for (key, value) in stuff.items():
              cache.set(key, value)
              self.assertIsNone(cache.get(key))
  
      def test_set_many(self):
          "set_many does nothing for the dummy cache backend"
          cache.set_many({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
          cache.set_many({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, timeout=2, version='1')
  
      def test_delete_many(self):
          "delete_many does nothing for the dummy cache backend"
          cache.delete_many(['a', 'b'])
  
      def test_clear(self):
          "clear does nothing for the dummy cache backend"
          cache.clear()
  
      def test_incr_version(self):
          "Dummy cache versions can't be incremented"
          cache.set('answer', 42)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.incr_version('answer')
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.incr_version('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_decr_version(self):
          "Dummy cache versions can't be decremented"
          cache.set('answer', 42)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.decr_version('answer')
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.decr_version('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_get_or_set(self):
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', 'default'), 'default')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', None), None)
  
      def test_get_or_set_callable(self):
          def my_callable():
              return 'default'
  
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', my_callable), 'default')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', my_callable()), 'default')
  
  
  def custom_key_func(key, key_prefix, version):
      "A customized cache key function"
      return 'CUSTOM-' + '-'.join([key_prefix, str(version), key])
  
  
  _caches_setting_base = {
      'default': {},
      'prefix': {'KEY_PREFIX': 'cacheprefix{}'.format(os.getpid())},
      'v2': {'VERSION': 2},
      'custom_key': {'KEY_FUNCTION': custom_key_func},
      'custom_key2': {'KEY_FUNCTION': 'cache.tests.custom_key_func'},
      'cull': {'OPTIONS': {'MAX_ENTRIES': 30}},
      'zero_cull': {'OPTIONS': {'CULL_FREQUENCY': 0, 'MAX_ENTRIES': 30}},
  }
  
  
  def caches_setting_for_tests(base=None, exclude=None, **params):
      # `base` is used to pull in the memcached config from the original settings,
      # `exclude` is a set of cache names denoting which `_caches_setting_base` keys
      # should be omitted.
      # `params` are test specific overrides and `_caches_settings_base` is the
      # base config for the tests.
      # This results in the following search order:
      # params -> _caches_setting_base -> base
      base = base or {}
      exclude = exclude or set()
      setting = {k: base.copy() for k in _caches_setting_base.keys() if k not in exclude}
      for key, cache_params in setting.items():
          cache_params.update(_caches_setting_base[key])
          cache_params.update(params)
      return setting
  
  
  class BaseCacheTests(object):
      # A common set of tests to apply to all cache backends
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.factory = RequestFactory()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          cache.clear()
  
      def test_simple(self):
          # Simple cache set/get works
          cache.set("key", "value")
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key"), "value")
  
      def test_add(self):
          # A key can be added to a cache
          cache.add("addkey1", "value")
          result = cache.add("addkey1", "newvalue")
          self.assertFalse(result)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("addkey1"), "value")
  
      def test_prefix(self):
          # Test for same cache key conflicts between shared backend
          cache.set('somekey', 'value')
  
          # should not be set in the prefixed cache
          self.assertFalse(caches['prefix'].has_key('somekey'))
  
          caches['prefix'].set('somekey', 'value2')
  
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('somekey'), 'value')
          self.assertEqual(caches['prefix'].get('somekey'), 'value2')
  
      def test_non_existent(self):
          # Non-existent cache keys return as None/default
          # get with non-existent keys
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("does_not_exist"))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("does_not_exist", "bang!"), "bang!")
  
      def test_get_many(self):
          # Multiple cache keys can be returned using get_many
          cache.set('a', 'a')
          cache.set('b', 'b')
          cache.set('c', 'c')
          cache.set('d', 'd')
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['a', 'c', 'd']), {'a': 'a', 'c': 'c', 'd': 'd'})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['a', 'b', 'e']), {'a': 'a', 'b': 'b'})
  
      def test_delete(self):
          # Cache keys can be deleted
          cache.set("key1", "spam")
          cache.set("key2", "eggs")
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key1"), "spam")
          cache.delete("key1")
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key1"))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key2"), "eggs")
  
      def test_has_key(self):
          # The cache can be inspected for cache keys
          cache.set("hello1", "goodbye1")
          self.assertTrue(cache.has_key("hello1"))
          self.assertFalse(cache.has_key("goodbye1"))
          cache.set("no_expiry", "here", None)
          self.assertTrue(cache.has_key("no_expiry"))
  
      def test_in(self):
          # The in operator can be used to inspect cache contents
          cache.set("hello2", "goodbye2")
          self.assertIn("hello2", cache)
          self.assertNotIn("goodbye2", cache)
  
      def test_incr(self):
          # Cache values can be incremented
          cache.set('answer', 41)
          self.assertEqual(cache.incr('answer'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.incr('answer', 10), 52)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer'), 52)
          self.assertEqual(cache.incr('answer', -10), 42)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.incr('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_decr(self):
          # Cache values can be decremented
          cache.set('answer', 43)
          self.assertEqual(cache.decr('answer'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.decr('answer', 10), 32)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer'), 32)
          self.assertEqual(cache.decr('answer', -10), 42)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.decr('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_close(self):
          self.assertTrue(hasattr(cache, 'close'))
          cache.close()
  
      def test_data_types(self):
          # Many different data types can be cached
          stuff = {
              'string': 'this is a string',
              'int': 42,
              'list': [1, 2, 3, 4],
              'tuple': (1, 2, 3, 4),
              'dict': {'A': 1, 'B': 2},
              'function': f,
              'class': C,
          }
          cache.set("stuff", stuff)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("stuff"), stuff)
  
      def test_cache_read_for_model_instance(self):
          # Don't want fields with callable as default to be called on cache read
          expensive_calculation.num_runs = 0
          Poll.objects.all().delete()
          my_poll = Poll.objects.create(question="Well?")
          self.assertEqual(Poll.objects.count(), 1)
          pub_date = my_poll.pub_date
          cache.set('question', my_poll)
          cached_poll = cache.get('question')
          self.assertEqual(cached_poll.pub_date, pub_date)
          # We only want the default expensive calculation run once
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, 1)
  
      def test_cache_write_for_model_instance_with_deferred(self):
          # Don't want fields with callable as default to be called on cache write
          expensive_calculation.num_runs = 0
          Poll.objects.all().delete()
          Poll.objects.create(question="What?")
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, 1)
          defer_qs = Poll.objects.all().defer('question')
          self.assertEqual(defer_qs.count(), 1)
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, 1)
          cache.set('deferred_queryset', defer_qs)
          # cache set should not re-evaluate default functions
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, 1)
  
      def test_cache_read_for_model_instance_with_deferred(self):
          # Don't want fields with callable as default to be called on cache read
          expensive_calculation.num_runs = 0
          Poll.objects.all().delete()
          Poll.objects.create(question="What?")
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, 1)
          defer_qs = Poll.objects.all().defer('question')
          self.assertEqual(defer_qs.count(), 1)
          cache.set('deferred_queryset', defer_qs)
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, 1)
          runs_before_cache_read = expensive_calculation.num_runs
          cache.get('deferred_queryset')
          # We only want the default expensive calculation run on creation and set
          self.assertEqual(expensive_calculation.num_runs, runs_before_cache_read)
  
      def test_expiration(self):
          # Cache values can be set to expire
          cache.set('expire1', 'very quickly', 1)
          cache.set('expire2', 'very quickly', 1)
          cache.set('expire3', 'very quickly', 1)
  
          time.sleep(2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("expire1"))
  
          cache.add("expire2", "newvalue")
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("expire2"), "newvalue")
          self.assertFalse(cache.has_key("expire3"))
  
      def test_unicode(self):
          # Unicode values can be cached
          stuff = {
              'ascii': 'ascii_value',
              'unicode_ascii': 'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn1',
              'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn': 'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn2',
              'ascii2': {'x': 1}
          }
          # Test `set`
          for (key, value) in stuff.items():
              cache.set(key, value)
              self.assertEqual(cache.get(key), value)
  
          # Test `add`
          for (key, value) in stuff.items():
              cache.delete(key)
              cache.add(key, value)
              self.assertEqual(cache.get(key), value)
  
          # Test `set_many`
          for (key, value) in stuff.items():
              cache.delete(key)
          cache.set_many(stuff)
          for (key, value) in stuff.items():
              self.assertEqual(cache.get(key), value)
  
      def test_binary_string(self):
          # Binary strings should be cacheable
          from zlib import compress, decompress
          value = 'value_to_be_compressed'
          compressed_value = compress(value.encode())
  
          # Test set
          cache.set('binary1', compressed_value)
          compressed_result = cache.get('binary1')
          self.assertEqual(compressed_value, compressed_result)
          self.assertEqual(value, decompress(compressed_result).decode())
  
          # Test add
          cache.add('binary1-add', compressed_value)
          compressed_result = cache.get('binary1-add')
          self.assertEqual(compressed_value, compressed_result)
          self.assertEqual(value, decompress(compressed_result).decode())
  
          # Test set_many
          cache.set_many({'binary1-set_many': compressed_value})
          compressed_result = cache.get('binary1-set_many')
          self.assertEqual(compressed_value, compressed_result)
          self.assertEqual(value, decompress(compressed_result).decode())
  
      def test_set_many(self):
          # Multiple keys can be set using set_many
          cache.set_many({"key1": "spam", "key2": "eggs"})
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key1"), "spam")
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key2"), "eggs")
  
      def test_set_many_expiration(self):
          # set_many takes a second ``timeout`` parameter
          cache.set_many({"key1": "spam", "key2": "eggs"}, 1)
          time.sleep(2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key1"))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key2"))
  
      def test_delete_many(self):
          # Multiple keys can be deleted using delete_many
          cache.set("key1", "spam")
          cache.set("key2", "eggs")
          cache.set("key3", "ham")
          cache.delete_many(["key1", "key2"])
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key1"))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key2"))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key3"), "ham")
  
      def test_clear(self):
          # The cache can be emptied using clear
          cache.set("key1", "spam")
          cache.set("key2", "eggs")
          cache.clear()
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key1"))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key2"))
  
      def test_long_timeout(self):
          '''
          Using a timeout greater than 30 days makes memcached think
          it is an absolute expiration timestamp instead of a relative
          offset. Test that we honour this convention. Refs #12399.
          '''
          cache.set('key1', 'eggs', 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 + 1)  # 30 days + 1 second
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key1'), 'eggs')
  
          cache.add('key2', 'ham', 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 + 1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key2'), 'ham')
  
          cache.set_many({'key3': 'sausage', 'key4': 'lobster bisque'}, 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 + 1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key3'), 'sausage')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key4'), 'lobster bisque')
  
      def test_forever_timeout(self):
          '''
          Passing in None into timeout results in a value that is cached forever
          '''
          cache.set('key1', 'eggs', None)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key1'), 'eggs')
  
          cache.add('key2', 'ham', None)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key2'), 'ham')
          added = cache.add('key1', 'new eggs', None)
          self.assertIs(added, False)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key1'), 'eggs')
  
          cache.set_many({'key3': 'sausage', 'key4': 'lobster bisque'}, None)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key3'), 'sausage')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('key4'), 'lobster bisque')
  
      def test_zero_timeout(self):
          '''
          Passing in zero into timeout results in a value that is not cached
          '''
          cache.set('key1', 'eggs', 0)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('key1'))
  
          cache.add('key2', 'ham', 0)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('key2'))
  
          cache.set_many({'key3': 'sausage', 'key4': 'lobster bisque'}, 0)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('key3'))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('key4'))
  
      def test_float_timeout(self):
          # Make sure a timeout given as a float doesn't crash anything.
          cache.set("key1", "spam", 100.2)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get("key1"), "spam")
  
      def _perform_cull_test(self, cull_cache, initial_count, final_count):
          # Create initial cache key entries. This will overflow the cache,
          # causing a cull.
          for i in range(1, initial_count):
              cull_cache.set('cull%d' % i, 'value', 1000)
          count = 0
          # Count how many keys are left in the cache.
          for i in range(1, initial_count):
              if cull_cache.has_key('cull%d' % i):
                  count += 1
          self.assertEqual(count, final_count)
  
      def test_cull(self):
          self._perform_cull_test(caches['cull'], 50, 29)
  
      def test_zero_cull(self):
          self._perform_cull_test(caches['zero_cull'], 50, 19)
  
      def test_invalid_keys(self):
          """
          All the builtin backends (except memcached, see below) should warn on
          keys that would be refused by memcached. This encourages portable
          caching code without making it too difficult to use production backends
          with more liberal key rules. Refs #6447.
          """
          # mimic custom ``make_key`` method being defined since the default will
          # never show the below warnings
          def func(key, *args):
              return key
  
          old_func = cache.key_func
          cache.key_func = func
  
          try:
              with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
                  warnings.simplefilter("always")
                  # memcached does not allow whitespace or control characters in keys
                  key = 'key with spaces and 清'
                  cache.set(key, 'value')
                  self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
                  self.assertIsInstance(w[0].message, CacheKeyWarning)
                  self.assertEqual(
                      # warnings.warn() crashes on Python 2 if message isn't
                      # coercible to str.
                      str(w[0].message.args[0]),
                      "Cache key contains characters that will cause errors if used "
                      "with memcached: %r" % key,
                  )
              with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
                  warnings.simplefilter("always")
                  # memcached limits key length to 250
                  key = ('a' * 250) + '清'
                  cache.set(key, 'value')
                  self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
                  self.assertIsInstance(w[0].message, CacheKeyWarning)
                  self.assertEqual(
                      # warnings.warn() crashes on Python 2 if message isn't
                      # coercible to str.
                      str(w[0].message.args[0]),
                      'Cache key will cause errors if used with memcached: '
                      '%r (longer than %s)' % (key, 250),
                  )
          finally:
              cache.key_func = old_func
  
      def test_cache_versioning_get_set(self):
          # set, using default version = 1
          cache.set('answer1', 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer1', version=2))
  
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer1'))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer1', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer1', version=2))
  
          # set, default version = 1, but manually override version = 2
          cache.set('answer2', 42, version=2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer2'))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2'), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          # v2 set, using default version = 2
          caches['v2'].set('answer3', 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer3'))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer3', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=2), 42)
  
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer3'), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer3', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer3', version=2), 42)
  
          # v2 set, default version = 2, but manually override version = 1
          caches['v2'].set('answer4', 42, version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer4', version=2))
  
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer4'))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer4', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer4', version=2))
  
      def test_cache_versioning_add(self):
  
          # add, default version = 1, but manually override version = 2
          cache.add('answer1', 42, version=2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer1', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=2), 42)
  
          cache.add('answer1', 37, version=2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer1', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=2), 42)
  
          cache.add('answer1', 37, version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=2), 42)
  
          # v2 add, using default version = 2
          caches['v2'].add('answer2', 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          caches['v2'].add('answer2', 37)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          caches['v2'].add('answer2', 37, version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          # v2 add, default version = 2, but manually override version = 1
          caches['v2'].add('answer3', 42, version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer3', version=2))
  
          caches['v2'].add('answer3', 37, version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer3', version=2))
  
          caches['v2'].add('answer3', 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=1), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=2), 37)
  
      def test_cache_versioning_has_key(self):
          cache.set('answer1', 42)
  
          # has_key
          self.assertTrue(cache.has_key('answer1'))
          self.assertTrue(cache.has_key('answer1', version=1))
          self.assertFalse(cache.has_key('answer1', version=2))
  
          self.assertFalse(caches['v2'].has_key('answer1'))
          self.assertTrue(caches['v2'].has_key('answer1', version=1))
          self.assertFalse(caches['v2'].has_key('answer1', version=2))
  
      def test_cache_versioning_delete(self):
          cache.set('answer1', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer1', 42, version=2)
          cache.delete('answer1')
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer1', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=2), 42)
  
          cache.set('answer2', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer2', 42, version=2)
          cache.delete('answer2', version=2)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=1), 37)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer2', version=2))
  
          cache.set('answer3', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer3', 42, version=2)
          caches['v2'].delete('answer3')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=1), 37)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer3', version=2))
  
          cache.set('answer4', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer4', 42, version=2)
          caches['v2'].delete('answer4', version=1)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer4', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4', version=2), 42)
  
      def test_cache_versioning_incr_decr(self):
          cache.set('answer1', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer1', 42, version=2)
          cache.incr('answer1')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=1), 38)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=2), 42)
          cache.decr('answer1')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1', version=2), 42)
  
          cache.set('answer2', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer2', 42, version=2)
          cache.incr('answer2', version=2)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=2), 43)
          cache.decr('answer2', version=2)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          cache.set('answer3', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer3', 42, version=2)
          caches['v2'].incr('answer3')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=2), 43)
          caches['v2'].decr('answer3')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer3', version=2), 42)
  
          cache.set('answer4', 37, version=1)
          cache.set('answer4', 42, version=2)
          caches['v2'].incr('answer4', version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4', version=1), 38)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4', version=2), 42)
          caches['v2'].decr('answer4', version=1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4', version=1), 37)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer4', version=2), 42)
  
      def test_cache_versioning_get_set_many(self):
          # set, using default version = 1
          cache.set_many({'ford1': 37, 'arthur1': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford1', 'arthur1']), {'ford1': 37, 'arthur1': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford1', 'arthur1'], version=1), {'ford1': 37, 'arthur1': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford1', 'arthur1'], version=2), {})
  
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford1', 'arthur1']), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford1', 'arthur1'], version=1), {'ford1': 37, 'arthur1': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford1', 'arthur1'], version=2), {})
  
          # set, default version = 1, but manually override version = 2
          cache.set_many({'ford2': 37, 'arthur2': 42}, version=2)
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford2', 'arthur2']), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford2', 'arthur2'], version=1), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford2', 'arthur2'], version=2), {'ford2': 37, 'arthur2': 42})
  
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford2', 'arthur2']), {'ford2': 37, 'arthur2': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford2', 'arthur2'], version=1), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford2', 'arthur2'], version=2), {'ford2': 37, 'arthur2': 42})
  
          # v2 set, using default version = 2
          caches['v2'].set_many({'ford3': 37, 'arthur3': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford3', 'arthur3']), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford3', 'arthur3'], version=1), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford3', 'arthur3'], version=2), {'ford3': 37, 'arthur3': 42})
  
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford3', 'arthur3']), {'ford3': 37, 'arthur3': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford3', 'arthur3'], version=1), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford3', 'arthur3'], version=2), {'ford3': 37, 'arthur3': 42})
  
          # v2 set, default version = 2, but manually override version = 1
          caches['v2'].set_many({'ford4': 37, 'arthur4': 42}, version=1)
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford4', 'arthur4']), {'ford4': 37, 'arthur4': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford4', 'arthur4'], version=1), {'ford4': 37, 'arthur4': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(cache.get_many(['ford4', 'arthur4'], version=2), {})
  
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford4', 'arthur4']), {})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford4', 'arthur4'], version=1), {'ford4': 37, 'arthur4': 42})
          self.assertDictEqual(caches['v2'].get_many(['ford4', 'arthur4'], version=2), {})
  
      def test_incr_version(self):
          cache.set('answer', 42, version=2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer'))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer', version=2), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer', version=3))
  
          self.assertEqual(cache.incr_version('answer', version=2), 3)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer'))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer', version=1))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer', version=2))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer', version=3), 42)
  
          caches['v2'].set('answer2', 42)
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2'), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=2), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=3))
  
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].incr_version('answer2'), 3)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2'))
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=2))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=3), 42)
  
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.incr_version('does_not_exist')
  
      def test_decr_version(self):
          cache.set('answer', 42, version=2)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer'))
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer', version=2), 42)
  
          self.assertEqual(cache.decr_version('answer', version=2), 1)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer', version=2))
  
          caches['v2'].set('answer2', 42)
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2'), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=2), 42)
  
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].decr_version('answer2'), 1)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2'))
          self.assertEqual(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=1), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['v2'].get('answer2', version=2))
  
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              cache.decr_version('does_not_exist', version=2)
  
      def test_custom_key_func(self):
          # Two caches with different key functions aren't visible to each other
          cache.set('answer1', 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('answer1'), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['custom_key'].get('answer1'))
          self.assertIsNone(caches['custom_key2'].get('answer1'))
  
          caches['custom_key'].set('answer2', 42)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('answer2'))
          self.assertEqual(caches['custom_key'].get('answer2'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(caches['custom_key2'].get('answer2'), 42)
  
      def test_cache_write_unpicklable_object(self):
          update_middleware = UpdateCacheMiddleware()
          update_middleware.cache = cache
  
          fetch_middleware = FetchFromCacheMiddleware()
          fetch_middleware.cache = cache
  
          request = self.factory.get('/cache/test')
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_data)
  
          response = HttpResponse()
          content = 'Testing cookie serialization.'
          response.content = content
          response.set_cookie('foo', 'bar')
  
          update_middleware.process_response(request, response)
  
          get_cache_data = fetch_middleware.process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNotNone(get_cache_data)
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.content, content.encode('utf-8'))
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.cookies, response.cookies)
  
          update_middleware.process_response(request, get_cache_data)
          get_cache_data = fetch_middleware.process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNotNone(get_cache_data)
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.content, content.encode('utf-8'))
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.cookies, response.cookies)
  
      def test_add_fail_on_pickleerror(self):
          # Shouldn't fail silently if trying to cache an unpicklable type.
          with self.assertRaises(pickle.PickleError):
              cache.add('unpicklable', Unpicklable())
  
      def test_set_fail_on_pickleerror(self):
          with self.assertRaises(pickle.PickleError):
              cache.set('unpicklable', Unpicklable())
  
      def test_get_or_set(self):
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('projector'))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('projector', 42), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('projector'), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('null', None), None)
  
      def test_get_or_set_callable(self):
          def my_callable():
              return 'value'
  
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', my_callable), 'value')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', my_callable()), 'value')
  
      def test_get_or_set_version(self):
          msg = (
              "get_or_set() missing 1 required positional argument: 'default'"
              if six.PY3
              else 'get_or_set() takes at least 3 arguments'
          )
          cache.get_or_set('brian', 1979, version=2)
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
              cache.get_or_set('brian')
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
              cache.get_or_set('brian', version=1)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('brian', version=1))
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('brian', 42, version=1), 42)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('brian', 1979, version=2), 1979)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get('brian', version=3))
  
      def test_get_or_set_racing(self):
          with mock.patch('%s.%s' % (settings.CACHES['default']['BACKEND'], 'add')) as cache_add:
              # Simulate cache.add() failing to add a value. In that case, the
              # default value should be returned.
              cache_add.return_value = False
              self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('key', 'default'), 'default')
  
  
  @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
      BACKEND='django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
      # Spaces are used in the table name to ensure quoting/escaping is working
      LOCATION='test cache table'
  ))
  class DBCacheTests(BaseCacheTests, TransactionTestCase):
  
      available_apps = ['cache']
  
      def setUp(self):
          # The super calls needs to happen first for the settings override.
          super(DBCacheTests, self).setUp()
          self.create_table()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          # The super call needs to happen first because it uses the database.
          super(DBCacheTests, self).tearDown()
          self.drop_table()
  
      def create_table(self):
          management.call_command('createcachetable', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
  
      def drop_table(self):
          with connection.cursor() as cursor:
              table_name = connection.ops.quote_name('test cache table')
              cursor.execute('DROP TABLE %s' % table_name)
  
      def test_zero_cull(self):
          self._perform_cull_test(caches['zero_cull'], 50, 18)
  
      def test_second_call_doesnt_crash(self):
          out = six.StringIO()
          management.call_command('createcachetable', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(out.getvalue(), "Cache table 'test cache table' already exists.\n" * len(settings.CACHES))
  
      @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
          BACKEND='django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
          # Use another table name to avoid the 'table already exists' message.
          LOCATION='createcachetable_dry_run_mode'
      ))
      def test_createcachetable_dry_run_mode(self):
          out = six.StringIO()
          management.call_command('createcachetable', dry_run=True, stdout=out)
          output = out.getvalue()
          self.assertTrue(output.startswith("CREATE TABLE"))
  
      def test_createcachetable_with_table_argument(self):
          """
          Delete and recreate cache table with legacy behavior (explicitly
          specifying the table name).
          """
          self.drop_table()
          out = six.StringIO()
          management.call_command(
              'createcachetable',
              'test cache table',
              verbosity=2,
              stdout=out,
          )
          self.assertEqual(out.getvalue(), "Cache table 'test cache table' created.\n")
  
  
  @override_settings(USE_TZ=True)
  class DBCacheWithTimeZoneTests(DBCacheTests):
      pass
  
  
  class DBCacheRouter(object):
      """A router that puts the cache table on the 'other' database."""
  
      def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
          if model._meta.app_label == 'django_cache':
              return 'other'
          return None
  
      def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
          if model._meta.app_label == 'django_cache':
              return 'other'
          return None
  
      def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, **hints):
          if app_label == 'django_cache':
              return db == 'other'
          return None
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
              'LOCATION': 'my_cache_table',
          },
      },
  )
  class CreateCacheTableForDBCacheTests(TestCase):
      multi_db = True
  
      @override_settings(DATABASE_ROUTERS=[DBCacheRouter()])
      def test_createcachetable_observes_database_router(self):
          # cache table should not be created on 'default'
          with self.assertNumQueries(0, using='default'):
              management.call_command('createcachetable',
                                      database='default',
                                      verbosity=0, interactive=False)
          # cache table should be created on 'other'
          # Queries:
          #   1: check table doesn't already exist
          #   2: create savepoint (if transactional DDL is supported)
          #   3: create the table
          #   4: create the index
          #   5: release savepoint (if transactional DDL is supported)
          num = 5 if connections['other'].features.can_rollback_ddl else 3
          with self.assertNumQueries(num, using='other'):
              management.call_command('createcachetable',
                                      database='other',
                                      verbosity=0, interactive=False)
  
  
  class PicklingSideEffect(object):
  
      def __init__(self, cache):
          self.cache = cache
          self.locked = False
  
      def __getstate__(self):
          if self.cache._lock.active_writers:
              self.locked = True
          return {}
  
  
  @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
      BACKEND='django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
  ))
  class LocMemCacheTests(BaseCacheTests, TestCase):
  
      def setUp(self):
          super(LocMemCacheTests, self).setUp()
  
          # LocMem requires a hack to make the other caches
          # share a data store with the 'normal' cache.
          caches['prefix']._cache = cache._cache
          caches['prefix']._expire_info = cache._expire_info
  
          caches['v2']._cache = cache._cache
          caches['v2']._expire_info = cache._expire_info
  
          caches['custom_key']._cache = cache._cache
          caches['custom_key']._expire_info = cache._expire_info
  
          caches['custom_key2']._cache = cache._cache
          caches['custom_key2']._expire_info = cache._expire_info
  
      @override_settings(CACHES={
          'default': {'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache'},
          'other': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
              'LOCATION': 'other'
          },
      })
      def test_multiple_caches(self):
          "Check that multiple locmem caches are isolated"
          cache.set('value', 42)
          self.assertEqual(caches['default'].get('value'), 42)
          self.assertIsNone(caches['other'].get('value'))
  
      def test_locking_on_pickle(self):
          """#20613/#18541 -- Ensures pickling is done outside of the lock."""
          bad_obj = PicklingSideEffect(cache)
          cache.set('set', bad_obj)
          self.assertFalse(bad_obj.locked, "Cache was locked during pickling")
  
          cache.add('add', bad_obj)
          self.assertFalse(bad_obj.locked, "Cache was locked during pickling")
  
      def test_incr_decr_timeout(self):
          """incr/decr does not modify expiry time (matches memcached behavior)"""
          key = 'value'
          _key = cache.make_key(key)
          cache.set(key, 1, timeout=cache.default_timeout * 10)
          expire = cache._expire_info[_key]
          cache.incr(key)
          self.assertEqual(expire, cache._expire_info[_key])
          cache.decr(key)
          self.assertEqual(expire, cache._expire_info[_key])
  
  
  # memcached backend isn't guaranteed to be available.
  # To check the memcached backend, the test settings file will
  # need to contain at least one cache backend setting that points at
  # your memcache server.
  memcached_params = {}
  for _cache_params in settings.CACHES.values():
      if _cache_params['BACKEND'].startswith('django.core.cache.backends.memcached.'):
          memcached_params = _cache_params
  
  # The memcached backends don't support cull-related options like `MAX_ENTRIES`.
  memcached_excluded_caches = {'cull', 'zero_cull'}
  
  
  @unittest.skipUnless(memcached_params, "memcached not available")
  @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
      base=memcached_params,
      exclude=memcached_excluded_caches,
  ))
  class MemcachedCacheTests(BaseCacheTests, TestCase):
  
      def test_invalid_keys(self):
          """
          On memcached, we don't introduce a duplicate key validation
          step (for speed reasons), we just let the memcached API
          library raise its own exception on bad keys. Refs #6447.
  
          In order to be memcached-API-library agnostic, we only assert
          that a generic exception of some kind is raised.
          """
          # memcached does not allow whitespace or control characters in keys
          with self.assertRaises(Exception):
              cache.set('key with spaces', 'value')
          # memcached limits key length to 250
          with self.assertRaises(Exception):
              cache.set('a' * 251, 'value')
  
      # Explicitly display a skipped test if no configured cache uses MemcachedCache
      @unittest.skipUnless(
          memcached_params.get('BACKEND') == 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
          "cache with python-memcached library not available")
      def test_memcached_uses_highest_pickle_version(self):
          # Regression test for #19810
          for cache_key, cache_config in settings.CACHES.items():
              if cache_config['BACKEND'] == 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache':
                  self.assertEqual(caches[cache_key]._cache.pickleProtocol,
                                   pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
  
      @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
          base=memcached_params,
          exclude=memcached_excluded_caches,
          TIMEOUT=None,
      ))
      def test_default_never_expiring_timeout(self):
          # Regression test for #22845
          cache.set('infinite_foo', 'bar')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('infinite_foo'), 'bar')
  
      @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
          base=memcached_params,
          exclude=memcached_excluded_caches,
          TIMEOUT=31536000,  # 60*60*24*365, 1 year
      ))
      def test_default_far_future_timeout(self):
          # Regression test for #22845
          cache.set('future_foo', 'bar')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('future_foo'), 'bar')
  
      def test_cull(self):
          # culling isn't implemented, memcached deals with it.
          pass
  
      def test_zero_cull(self):
          # culling isn't implemented, memcached deals with it.
          pass
  
      def test_memcached_deletes_key_on_failed_set(self):
          # By default memcached allows objects up to 1MB. For the cache_db session
          # backend to always use the current session, memcached needs to delete
          # the old key if it fails to set.
          # pylibmc doesn't seem to have SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH as far as I can
          # tell from a quick check of its source code. This is falling back to
          # the default value exposed by python-memcached on my system.
          max_value_length = getattr(cache._lib, 'SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH', 1048576)
  
          cache.set('small_value', 'a')
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('small_value'), 'a')
  
          large_value = 'a' * (max_value_length + 1)
          cache.set('small_value', large_value)
          # small_value should be deleted, or set if configured to accept larger values
          value = cache.get('small_value')
          self.assertTrue(value is None or value == large_value)
  
  
  @override_settings(CACHES=caches_setting_for_tests(
      BACKEND='django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache',
  ))
  class FileBasedCacheTests(BaseCacheTests, TestCase):
      """
      Specific test cases for the file-based cache.
      """
  
      def setUp(self):
          super(FileBasedCacheTests, self).setUp()
          self.dirname = tempfile.mkdtemp()
          # Caches location cannot be modified through override_settings / modify_settings,
          # hence settings are manipulated directly here and the setting_changed signal
          # is triggered manually.
          for cache_params in settings.CACHES.values():
              cache_params.update({'LOCATION': self.dirname})
          setting_changed.send(self.__class__, setting='CACHES', enter=False)
  
      def tearDown(self):
          super(FileBasedCacheTests, self).tearDown()
          # Call parent first, as cache.clear() may recreate cache base directory
          shutil.rmtree(self.dirname)
  
      def test_ignores_non_cache_files(self):
          fname = os.path.join(self.dirname, 'not-a-cache-file')
          with open(fname, 'w'):
              os.utime(fname, None)
          cache.clear()
          self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(fname),
                          'Expected cache.clear to ignore non cache files')
          os.remove(fname)
  
      def test_clear_does_not_remove_cache_dir(self):
          cache.clear()
          self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.dirname),
                          'Expected cache.clear to keep the cache dir')
  
      def test_creates_cache_dir_if_nonexistent(self):
          os.rmdir(self.dirname)
          cache.set('foo', 'bar')
          os.path.exists(self.dirname)
  
      def test_cache_write_unpicklable_type(self):
          # This fails if not using the highest pickling protocol on Python 2.
          cache.set('unpicklable', UnpicklableType())
  
      def test_get_ignores_enoent(self):
          cache.set('foo', 'bar')
          os.unlink(cache._key_to_file('foo'))
          # Returns the default instead of erroring.
          self.assertEqual(cache.get('foo', 'baz'), 'baz')
  
      def test_get_does_not_ignore_non_enoent_errno_values(self):
          with mock.patch.object(io, 'open', side_effect=IOError):
              with self.assertRaises(IOError):
                  cache.get('foo')
  
  
  @override_settings(CACHES={
      'default': {
          'BACKEND': 'cache.liberal_backend.CacheClass',
      },
  })
  class CustomCacheKeyValidationTests(SimpleTestCase):
      """
      Tests for the ability to mixin a custom ``validate_key`` method to
      a custom cache backend that otherwise inherits from a builtin
      backend, and override the default key validation. Refs #6447.
      """
      def test_custom_key_validation(self):
          # this key is both longer than 250 characters, and has spaces
          key = 'some key with spaces' * 15
          val = 'a value'
          cache.set(key, val)
          self.assertEqual(cache.get(key), val)
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'cache.closeable_cache.CacheClass',
          }
      }
  )
  class CacheClosingTests(SimpleTestCase):
  
      def test_close(self):
          self.assertFalse(cache.closed)
          signals.request_finished.send(self.__class__)
          self.assertTrue(cache.closed)
  
  
  DEFAULT_MEMORY_CACHES_SETTINGS = {
      'default': {
          'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
          'LOCATION': 'unique-snowflake',
      }
  }
  NEVER_EXPIRING_CACHES_SETTINGS = copy.deepcopy(DEFAULT_MEMORY_CACHES_SETTINGS)
  NEVER_EXPIRING_CACHES_SETTINGS['default']['TIMEOUT'] = None
  
  
  class DefaultNonExpiringCacheKeyTests(SimpleTestCase):
      """Tests that verify that settings having Cache arguments with a TIMEOUT
      set to `None` will create Caches that will set non-expiring keys.
  
      This fixes ticket #22085.
      """
      def setUp(self):
          # The 5 minute (300 seconds) default expiration time for keys is
          # defined in the implementation of the initializer method of the
          # BaseCache type.
          self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = caches[DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS].default_timeout
  
      def tearDown(self):
          del(self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)
  
      def test_default_expiration_time_for_keys_is_5_minutes(self):
          """The default expiration time of a cache key is 5 minutes.
  
          This value is defined inside the __init__() method of the
          :class:`django.core.cache.backends.base.BaseCache` type.
          """
          self.assertEqual(300, self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)
  
      def test_caches_with_unset_timeout_has_correct_default_timeout(self):
          """Caches that have the TIMEOUT parameter undefined in the default
          settings will use the default 5 minute timeout.
          """
          cache = caches[DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS]
          self.assertEqual(self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, cache.default_timeout)
  
      @override_settings(CACHES=NEVER_EXPIRING_CACHES_SETTINGS)
      def test_caches_set_with_timeout_as_none_has_correct_default_timeout(self):
          """Memory caches that have the TIMEOUT parameter set to `None` in the
          default settings with have `None` as the default timeout.
  
          This means "no timeout".
          """
          cache = caches[DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS]
          self.assertIsNone(cache.default_timeout)
          self.assertIsNone(cache.get_backend_timeout())
  
      @override_settings(CACHES=DEFAULT_MEMORY_CACHES_SETTINGS)
      def test_caches_with_unset_timeout_set_expiring_key(self):
          """Memory caches that have the TIMEOUT parameter unset will set cache
          keys having the default 5 minute timeout.
          """
          key = "my-key"
          value = "my-value"
          cache = caches[DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS]
          cache.set(key, value)
          cache_key = cache.make_key(key)
          self.assertIsNotNone(cache._expire_info[cache_key])
  
      @override_settings(CACHES=NEVER_EXPIRING_CACHES_SETTINGS)
      def test_caches_set_with_timeout_as_none_set_non_expiring_key(self):
          """Memory caches that have the TIMEOUT parameter set to `None` will set
          a non expiring key by default.
          """
          key = "another-key"
          value = "another-value"
          cache = caches[DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS]
          cache.set(key, value)
          cache_key = cache.make_key(key)
          self.assertIsNone(cache._expire_info[cache_key])
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX='settingsprefix',
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS=1,
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
          },
      },
      USE_I18N=False,
      ALLOWED_HOSTS=['.example.com'],
  )
  class CacheUtils(SimpleTestCase):
      """TestCase for django.utils.cache functions."""
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.host = 'www.example.com'
          self.path = '/cache/test/'
          self.factory = RequestFactory(HTTP_HOST=self.host)
  
      def tearDown(self):
          cache.clear()
  
      def _get_request_cache(self, method='GET', query_string=None, update_cache=None):
          request = self._get_request(self.host, self.path,
                                      method, query_string=query_string)
          request._cache_update_cache = True if not update_cache else update_cache
          return request
  
      def _set_cache(self, request, msg):
          response = HttpResponse()
          response.content = msg
          return UpdateCacheMiddleware().process_response(request, response)
  
      def test_patch_vary_headers(self):
          headers = (
              # Initial vary, new headers, resulting vary.
              (None, ('Accept-Encoding',), 'Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Accept-Encoding', ('accept-encoding',), 'Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Accept-Encoding', ('ACCEPT-ENCODING',), 'Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie', ('Accept-Encoding',), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie, Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding',), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie, Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding', 'cookie'), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              (None, ('Accept-Encoding', 'COOKIE'), 'Accept-Encoding, COOKIE'),
              ('Cookie,     Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding', 'cookie'), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie    ,     Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding', 'cookie'), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
          )
          for initial_vary, newheaders, resulting_vary in headers:
              response = HttpResponse()
              if initial_vary is not None:
                  response['Vary'] = initial_vary
              patch_vary_headers(response, newheaders)
              self.assertEqual(response['Vary'], resulting_vary)
  
      def test_get_cache_key(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          response = HttpResponse()
          # Expect None if no headers have been set yet.
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_key(request))
          # Set headers to an empty list.
          learn_cache_key(request, response)
  
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.settingsprefix.GET.'
              '18a03f9c9649f7d684af5db3524f5c99.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
          # Verify that a specified key_prefix is taken into account.
          key_prefix = 'localprefix'
          learn_cache_key(request, response, key_prefix=key_prefix)
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request, key_prefix=key_prefix),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.localprefix.GET.'
              '18a03f9c9649f7d684af5db3524f5c99.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
  
      def test_get_cache_key_with_query(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path, {'test': 1})
          response = HttpResponse()
          # Expect None if no headers have been set yet.
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_key(request))
          # Set headers to an empty list.
          learn_cache_key(request, response)
          # Verify that the querystring is taken into account.
  
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.settingsprefix.GET.'
              'beaf87a9a99ee81c673ea2d67ccbec2a.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
  
      def test_cache_key_varies_by_url(self):
          """
          get_cache_key keys differ by fully-qualified URL instead of path
          """
          request1 = self.factory.get(self.path, HTTP_HOST='sub-1.example.com')
          learn_cache_key(request1, HttpResponse())
          request2 = self.factory.get(self.path, HTTP_HOST='sub-2.example.com')
          learn_cache_key(request2, HttpResponse())
          self.assertNotEqual(get_cache_key(request1), get_cache_key(request2))
  
      def test_learn_cache_key(self):
          request = self.factory.head(self.path)
          response = HttpResponse()
          response['Vary'] = 'Pony'
          # Make sure that the Vary header is added to the key hash
          learn_cache_key(request, response)
  
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.settingsprefix.GET.'
              '18a03f9c9649f7d684af5db3524f5c99.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
  
      def test_patch_cache_control(self):
          tests = (
              # Initial Cache-Control, kwargs to patch_cache_control, expected Cache-Control parts
              (None, {'private': True}, {'private'}),
              ('', {'private': True}, {'private'}),
  
              # Test whether private/public attributes are mutually exclusive
              ('private', {'private': True}, {'private'}),
              ('private', {'public': True}, {'public'}),
              ('public', {'public': True}, {'public'}),
              ('public', {'private': True}, {'private'}),
              ('must-revalidate,max-age=60,private', {'public': True}, {'must-revalidate', 'max-age=60', 'public'}),
              ('must-revalidate,max-age=60,public', {'private': True}, {'must-revalidate', 'max-age=60', 'private'}),
              ('must-revalidate,max-age=60', {'public': True}, {'must-revalidate', 'max-age=60', 'public'}),
          )
  
          cc_delim_re = re.compile(r'\s*,\s*')
  
          for initial_cc, newheaders, expected_cc in tests:
              response = HttpResponse()
              if initial_cc is not None:
                  response['Cache-Control'] = initial_cc
              patch_cache_control(response, **newheaders)
              parts = set(cc_delim_re.split(response['Cache-Control']))
              self.assertEqual(parts, expected_cc)
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
              'KEY_PREFIX': 'cacheprefix',
          },
      },
  )
  class PrefixedCacheUtils(CacheUtils):
      pass
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS=60,
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX='test',
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
          },
      },
  )
  class CacheHEADTest(SimpleTestCase):
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.path = '/cache/test/'
          self.factory = RequestFactory()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          cache.clear()
  
      def _set_cache(self, request, msg):
          response = HttpResponse()
          response.content = msg
          return UpdateCacheMiddleware().process_response(request, response)
  
      def test_head_caches_correctly(self):
          test_content = 'test content'
  
          request = self.factory.head(self.path)
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          self._set_cache(request, test_content)
  
          request = self.factory.head(self.path)
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNotNone(get_cache_data)
          self.assertEqual(test_content.encode(), get_cache_data.content)
  
      def test_head_with_cached_get(self):
          test_content = 'test content'
  
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          self._set_cache(request, test_content)
  
          request = self.factory.head(self.path)
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNotNone(get_cache_data)
          self.assertEqual(test_content.encode(), get_cache_data.content)
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX='settingsprefix',
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
          },
      },
      LANGUAGES=[
          ('en', 'English'),
          ('es', 'Spanish'),
      ],
  )
  class CacheI18nTest(TestCase):
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.path = '/cache/test/'
          self.factory = RequestFactory()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          cache.clear()
  
      @override_settings(USE_I18N=True, USE_L10N=False, USE_TZ=False)
      def test_cache_key_i18n_translation(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          lang = translation.get_language()
          response = HttpResponse()
          key = learn_cache_key(request, response)
          self.assertIn(lang, key, "Cache keys should include the language name when translation is active")
          key2 = get_cache_key(request)
          self.assertEqual(key, key2)
  
      def check_accept_language_vary(self, accept_language, vary, reference_key):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          request.META['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] = accept_language
          request.META['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'] = 'gzip;q=1.0, identity; q=0.5, *;q=0'
          response = HttpResponse()
          response['Vary'] = vary
          key = learn_cache_key(request, response)
          key2 = get_cache_key(request)
          self.assertEqual(key, reference_key)
          self.assertEqual(key2, reference_key)
  
      @override_settings(USE_I18N=True, USE_L10N=False, USE_TZ=False)
      def test_cache_key_i18n_translation_accept_language(self):
          lang = translation.get_language()
          self.assertEqual(lang, 'en')
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          request.META['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'] = 'gzip;q=1.0, identity; q=0.5, *;q=0'
          response = HttpResponse()
          response['Vary'] = 'accept-encoding'
          key = learn_cache_key(request, response)
          self.assertIn(lang, key, "Cache keys should include the language name when translation is active")
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'en-us',
              'cookie, accept-language, accept-encoding',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'en-US',
              'cookie, accept-encoding, accept-language',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'en-US,en;q=0.8',
              'accept-encoding, accept-language, cookie',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'en-US,en;q=0.8,ko;q=0.6',
              'accept-language, cookie, accept-encoding',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'ko-kr,ko;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3 ',
              'accept-encoding, cookie, accept-language',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'ko-KR,ko;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4',
              'accept-language, accept-encoding, cookie',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'ko;q=1.0,en;q=0.5',
              'cookie, accept-language, accept-encoding',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'ko, en',
              'cookie, accept-encoding, accept-language',
              key
          )
          self.check_accept_language_vary(
              'ko-KR, en-US',
              'accept-encoding, accept-language, cookie',
              key
          )
  
      @override_settings(USE_I18N=False, USE_L10N=True, USE_TZ=False)
      def test_cache_key_i18n_formatting(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          lang = translation.get_language()
          response = HttpResponse()
          key = learn_cache_key(request, response)
          self.assertIn(lang, key, "Cache keys should include the language name when formatting is active")
          key2 = get_cache_key(request)
          self.assertEqual(key, key2)
  
      @override_settings(USE_I18N=False, USE_L10N=False, USE_TZ=True)
      def test_cache_key_i18n_timezone(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          # This is tightly coupled to the implementation,
          # but it's the most straightforward way to test the key.
          tz = force_text(timezone.get_current_timezone_name(), errors='ignore')
          tz = tz.encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('ascii').replace(' ', '_')
          response = HttpResponse()
          key = learn_cache_key(request, response)
          self.assertIn(tz, key, "Cache keys should include the time zone name when time zones are active")
          key2 = get_cache_key(request)
          self.assertEqual(key, key2)
  
      @override_settings(USE_I18N=False, USE_L10N=False)
      def test_cache_key_no_i18n(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          lang = translation.get_language()
          tz = force_text(timezone.get_current_timezone_name(), errors='ignore')
          tz = tz.encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('ascii').replace(' ', '_')
          response = HttpResponse()
          key = learn_cache_key(request, response)
          self.assertNotIn(lang, key, "Cache keys shouldn't include the language name when i18n isn't active")
          self.assertNotIn(tz, key, "Cache keys shouldn't include the time zone name when i18n isn't active")
  
      @override_settings(USE_I18N=False, USE_L10N=False, USE_TZ=True)
      def test_cache_key_with_non_ascii_tzname(self):
          # Regression test for #17476
          class CustomTzName(timezone.UTC):
              name = ''
  
              def tzname(self, dt):
                  return self.name
  
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          response = HttpResponse()
          with timezone.override(CustomTzName()):
              CustomTzName.name = 'Hora estándar de Argentina'.encode('UTF-8')  # UTF-8 string
              sanitized_name = 'Hora_estndar_de_Argentina'
              self.assertIn(
                  sanitized_name, learn_cache_key(request, response),
                  "Cache keys should include the time zone name when time zones are active"
              )
  
              CustomTzName.name = 'Hora estándar de Argentina'    # unicode
              sanitized_name = 'Hora_estndar_de_Argentina'
              self.assertIn(
                  sanitized_name, learn_cache_key(request, response),
                  "Cache keys should include the time zone name when time zones are active"
              )
  
      @override_settings(
          CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX="test",
          CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS=60,
          USE_ETAGS=True,
          USE_I18N=True,
      )
      def test_middleware(self):
          def set_cache(request, lang, msg):
              translation.activate(lang)
              response = HttpResponse()
              response.content = msg
              return UpdateCacheMiddleware().process_response(request, response)
  
          # cache with non empty request.GET
          request = self.factory.get(self.path, {'foo': 'bar', 'other': 'true'})
          request._cache_update_cache = True
  
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          # first access, cache must return None
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_data)
          response = HttpResponse()
          content = 'Check for cache with QUERY_STRING'
          response.content = content
          UpdateCacheMiddleware().process_response(request, response)
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          # cache must return content
          self.assertIsNotNone(get_cache_data)
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.content, content.encode())
          # different QUERY_STRING, cache must be empty
          request = self.factory.get(self.path, {'foo': 'bar', 'somethingelse': 'true'})
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_data)
  
          # i18n tests
          en_message = "Hello world!"
          es_message = "Hola mundo!"
  
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          set_cache(request, 'en', en_message)
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          # Check that we can recover the cache
          self.assertIsNotNone(get_cache_data)
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.content, en_message.encode())
          # Check that we use etags
          self.assertTrue(get_cache_data.has_header('ETag'))
          # Check that we can disable etags
          with self.settings(USE_ETAGS=False):
              request._cache_update_cache = True
              set_cache(request, 'en', en_message)
              get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
              self.assertFalse(get_cache_data.has_header('ETag'))
          # change the session language and set content
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          request._cache_update_cache = True
          set_cache(request, 'es', es_message)
          # change again the language
          translation.activate('en')
          # retrieve the content from cache
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.content, en_message.encode())
          # change again the language
          translation.activate('es')
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertEqual(get_cache_data.content, es_message.encode())
          # reset the language
          translation.deactivate()
  
      @override_settings(
          CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX="test",
          CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS=60,
          USE_ETAGS=True,
      )
      def test_middleware_doesnt_cache_streaming_response(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_data)
  
          # This test passes on Python < 3.3 even without the corresponding code
          # in UpdateCacheMiddleware, because pickling a StreamingHttpResponse
          # fails (http://bugs.python.org/issue14288). LocMemCache silently
          # swallows the exception and doesn't store the response in cache.
          content = ['Check for cache with streaming content.']
          response = StreamingHttpResponse(content)
          UpdateCacheMiddleware().process_response(request, response)
  
          get_cache_data = FetchFromCacheMiddleware().process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_data)
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
              'KEY_PREFIX': 'cacheprefix'
          },
      },
  )
  class PrefixedCacheI18nTest(CacheI18nTest):
      pass
  
  
  def hello_world_view(request, value):
      return HttpResponse('Hello World %s' % value)
  
  
  def csrf_view(request):
      return HttpResponse(csrf(request)['csrf_token'])
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS='other',
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX='middlewareprefix',
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS=30,
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
          },
          'other': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
              'LOCATION': 'other',
              'TIMEOUT': '1',
          },
      },
  )
  class CacheMiddlewareTest(SimpleTestCase):
  
      def setUp(self):
          super(CacheMiddlewareTest, self).setUp()
          self.factory = RequestFactory()
          self.default_cache = caches['default']
          self.other_cache = caches['other']
  
      def tearDown(self):
          self.default_cache.clear()
          self.other_cache.clear()
          super(CacheMiddlewareTest, self).tearDown()
  
      def test_constructor(self):
          """
          Ensure the constructor is correctly distinguishing between usage of CacheMiddleware as
          Middleware vs. usage of CacheMiddleware as view decorator and setting attributes
          appropriately.
          """
          # If no arguments are passed in construction, it's being used as middleware.
          middleware = CacheMiddleware()
  
          # Now test object attributes against values defined in setUp above
          self.assertEqual(middleware.cache_timeout, 30)
          self.assertEqual(middleware.key_prefix, 'middlewareprefix')
          self.assertEqual(middleware.cache_alias, 'other')
  
          # If arguments are being passed in construction, it's being used as a decorator.
          # First, test with "defaults":
          as_view_decorator = CacheMiddleware(cache_alias=None, key_prefix=None)
  
          self.assertEqual(as_view_decorator.cache_timeout, 30)  # Timeout value for 'default' cache, i.e. 30
          self.assertEqual(as_view_decorator.key_prefix, '')
          # Value of DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS from django.core.cache
          self.assertEqual(as_view_decorator.cache_alias, 'default')
  
          # Next, test with custom values:
          as_view_decorator_with_custom = CacheMiddleware(cache_timeout=60, cache_alias='other', key_prefix='foo')
  
          self.assertEqual(as_view_decorator_with_custom.cache_timeout, 60)
          self.assertEqual(as_view_decorator_with_custom.key_prefix, 'foo')
          self.assertEqual(as_view_decorator_with_custom.cache_alias, 'other')
  
      def test_middleware(self):
          middleware = CacheMiddleware()
          prefix_middleware = CacheMiddleware(key_prefix='prefix1')
          timeout_middleware = CacheMiddleware(cache_timeout=1)
  
          request = self.factory.get('/view/')
  
          # Put the request through the request middleware
          result = middleware.process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNone(result)
  
          response = hello_world_view(request, '1')
  
          # Now put the response through the response middleware
          response = middleware.process_response(request, response)
  
          # Repeating the request should result in a cache hit
          result = middleware.process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNotNone(result)
          self.assertEqual(result.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
          # The same request through a different middleware won't hit
          result = prefix_middleware.process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNone(result)
  
          # The same request with a timeout _will_ hit
          result = timeout_middleware.process_request(request)
          self.assertIsNotNone(result)
          self.assertEqual(result.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
      def test_view_decorator(self):
          # decorate the same view with different cache decorators
          default_view = cache_page(3)(hello_world_view)
          default_with_prefix_view = cache_page(3, key_prefix='prefix1')(hello_world_view)
  
          explicit_default_view = cache_page(3, cache='default')(hello_world_view)
          explicit_default_with_prefix_view = cache_page(3, cache='default', key_prefix='prefix1')(hello_world_view)
  
          other_view = cache_page(1, cache='other')(hello_world_view)
          other_with_prefix_view = cache_page(1, cache='other', key_prefix='prefix2')(hello_world_view)
  
          request = self.factory.get('/view/')
  
          # Request the view once
          response = default_view(request, '1')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
          # Request again -- hit the cache
          response = default_view(request, '2')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
          # Requesting the same view with the explicit cache should yield the same result
          response = explicit_default_view(request, '3')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
          # Requesting with a prefix will hit a different cache key
          response = explicit_default_with_prefix_view(request, '4')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 4')
  
          # Hitting the same view again gives a cache hit
          response = explicit_default_with_prefix_view(request, '5')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 4')
  
          # And going back to the implicit cache will hit the same cache
          response = default_with_prefix_view(request, '6')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 4')
  
          # Requesting from an alternate cache won't hit cache
          response = other_view(request, '7')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 7')
  
          # But a repeated hit will hit cache
          response = other_view(request, '8')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 7')
  
          # And prefixing the alternate cache yields yet another cache entry
          response = other_with_prefix_view(request, '9')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 9')
  
          # But if we wait a couple of seconds...
          time.sleep(2)
  
          # ... the default cache will still hit
          caches['default']
          response = default_view(request, '11')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
          # ... the default cache with a prefix will still hit
          response = default_with_prefix_view(request, '12')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 4')
  
          # ... the explicit default cache will still hit
          response = explicit_default_view(request, '13')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 1')
  
          # ... the explicit default cache with a prefix will still hit
          response = explicit_default_with_prefix_view(request, '14')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 4')
  
          # .. but a rapidly expiring cache won't hit
          response = other_view(request, '15')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 15')
  
          # .. even if it has a prefix
          response = other_with_prefix_view(request, '16')
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 16')
  
      def test_sensitive_cookie_not_cached(self):
          """
          Django must prevent caching of responses that set a user-specific (and
          maybe security sensitive) cookie in response to a cookie-less request.
          """
          csrf_middleware = CsrfViewMiddleware()
          cache_middleware = CacheMiddleware()
  
          request = self.factory.get('/view/')
          self.assertIsNone(cache_middleware.process_request(request))
  
          csrf_middleware.process_view(request, csrf_view, (), {})
  
          response = csrf_view(request)
  
          response = csrf_middleware.process_response(request, response)
          response = cache_middleware.process_response(request, response)
  
          # Inserting a CSRF cookie in a cookie-less request prevented caching.
          self.assertIsNone(cache_middleware.process_request(request))
  
  
  @override_settings(
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX='settingsprefix',
      CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS=1,
      CACHES={
          'default': {
              'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
          },
      },
      USE_I18N=False,
  )
  class TestWithTemplateResponse(SimpleTestCase):
      """
      Tests various headers w/ TemplateResponse.
  
      Most are probably redundant since they manipulate the same object
      anyway but the Etag header is 'special' because it relies on the
      content being complete (which is not necessarily always the case
      with a TemplateResponse)
      """
      def setUp(self):
          self.path = '/cache/test/'
          self.factory = RequestFactory()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          cache.clear()
  
      def test_patch_vary_headers(self):
          headers = (
              # Initial vary, new headers, resulting vary.
              (None, ('Accept-Encoding',), 'Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Accept-Encoding', ('accept-encoding',), 'Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Accept-Encoding', ('ACCEPT-ENCODING',), 'Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie', ('Accept-Encoding',), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie, Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding',), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie, Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding', 'cookie'), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              (None, ('Accept-Encoding', 'COOKIE'), 'Accept-Encoding, COOKIE'),
              ('Cookie,     Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding', 'cookie'), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
              ('Cookie    ,     Accept-Encoding', ('Accept-Encoding', 'cookie'), 'Cookie, Accept-Encoding'),
          )
          for initial_vary, newheaders, resulting_vary in headers:
              template = engines['django'].from_string("This is a test")
              response = TemplateResponse(HttpRequest(), template)
              if initial_vary is not None:
                  response['Vary'] = initial_vary
              patch_vary_headers(response, newheaders)
              self.assertEqual(response['Vary'], resulting_vary)
  
      def test_get_cache_key(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path)
          template = engines['django'].from_string("This is a test")
          response = TemplateResponse(HttpRequest(), template)
          key_prefix = 'localprefix'
          # Expect None if no headers have been set yet.
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_key(request))
          # Set headers to an empty list.
          learn_cache_key(request, response)
  
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.settingsprefix.GET.'
              '58a0a05c8a5620f813686ff969c26853.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
          # Verify that a specified key_prefix is taken into account.
          learn_cache_key(request, response, key_prefix=key_prefix)
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request, key_prefix=key_prefix),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.localprefix.GET.'
              '58a0a05c8a5620f813686ff969c26853.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
  
      def test_get_cache_key_with_query(self):
          request = self.factory.get(self.path, {'test': 1})
          template = engines['django'].from_string("This is a test")
          response = TemplateResponse(HttpRequest(), template)
          # Expect None if no headers have been set yet.
          self.assertIsNone(get_cache_key(request))
          # Set headers to an empty list.
          learn_cache_key(request, response)
          # Verify that the querystring is taken into account.
          self.assertEqual(
              get_cache_key(request),
              'views.decorators.cache.cache_page.settingsprefix.GET.'
              '0f1c2d56633c943073c4569d9a9502fe.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'
          )
  
      @override_settings(USE_ETAGS=False)
      def test_without_etag(self):
          template = engines['django'].from_string("This is a test")
          response = TemplateResponse(HttpRequest(), template)
          self.assertFalse(response.has_header('ETag'))
          patch_response_headers(response)
          self.assertFalse(response.has_header('ETag'))
          response = response.render()
          self.assertFalse(response.has_header('ETag'))
  
      @override_settings(USE_ETAGS=True)
      def test_with_etag(self):
          template = engines['django'].from_string("This is a test")
          response = TemplateResponse(HttpRequest(), template)
          self.assertFalse(response.has_header('ETag'))
          patch_response_headers(response)
          self.assertFalse(response.has_header('ETag'))
          response = response.render()
          self.assertTrue(response.has_header('ETag'))
  
  
  class TestMakeTemplateFragmentKey(SimpleTestCase):
      def test_without_vary_on(self):
          key = make_template_fragment_key('a.fragment')
          self.assertEqual(key, 'template.cache.a.fragment.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e')
  
      def test_with_one_vary_on(self):
          key = make_template_fragment_key('foo', ['abc'])
          self.assertEqual(key, 'template.cache.foo.900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72')
  
      def test_with_many_vary_on(self):
          key = make_template_fragment_key('bar', ['abc', 'def'])
          self.assertEqual(key, 'template.cache.bar.4b35f12ab03cec09beec4c21b2d2fa88')
  
      def test_proper_escaping(self):
          key = make_template_fragment_key('spam', ['abc:def%'])
          self.assertEqual(key, 'template.cache.spam.f27688177baec990cdf3fbd9d9c3f469')
  
  
  class CacheHandlerTest(SimpleTestCase):
      def test_same_instance(self):
          """
          Attempting to retrieve the same alias should yield the same instance.
          """
          cache1 = caches['default']
          cache2 = caches['default']
  
          self.assertIs(cache1, cache2)
  
      def test_per_thread(self):
          """
          Requesting the same alias from separate threads should yield separate
          instances.
          """
          c = []
  
          def runner():
              c.append(caches['default'])
  
          for x in range(2):
              t = threading.Thread(target=runner)
              t.start()
              t.join()
  
          self.assertIsNot(c[0], c[1])
  