text: // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
  // Copyright (c) 2009-2014 The Bitcoin developers
  // Copyright (c) 2015-2017 The PIVX developers
  // Copyright (c) 2017-2018 The Solaris developers
  // Copyright (c) 2017-2018 The Onlax developers
  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
  
  #ifndef BITCOIN_SERIALIZE_H
  #define BITCOIN_SERIALIZE_H
  
  #include <algorithm>
  #include <assert.h>
  #include <ios>
  #include <limits>
  #include <map>
  #include <set>
  #include <stdint.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <string>
  #include <utility>
  #include <vector>
  #include "libzerocoin/Denominations.h"
  
  class CScript;
  
  static const unsigned int MAX_SIZE = 0x02000000;
  
  /**
   * Used to bypass the rule against non-const reference to temporary
   * where it makes sense with wrappers such as CFlatData or CTxDB
   */
  template <typename T>
  inline T& REF(const T& val)
  {
      return const_cast<T&>(val);
  }
  
  /**
   * Used to acquire a non-const pointer "this" to generate bodies
   * of const serialization operations from a template
   */
  template <typename T>
  inline T* NCONST_PTR(const T* val)
  {
      return const_cast<T*>(val);
  }
  
  /** 
   * Get begin pointer of vector (non-const version).
   * @note These functions avoid the undefined case of indexing into an empty
   * vector, as well as that of indexing after the end of the vector.
   */
  template <class T, class TAl>
  inline T* begin_ptr(std::vector<T, TAl>& v)
  {
      return v.empty() ? NULL : &v[0];
  }
  /** Get begin pointer of vector (const version) */
  template <class T, class TAl>
  inline const T* begin_ptr(const std::vector<T, TAl>& v)
  {
      return v.empty() ? NULL : &v[0];
  }
  /** Get end pointer of vector (non-const version) */
  template <class T, class TAl>
  inline T* end_ptr(std::vector<T, TAl>& v)
  {
      return v.empty() ? NULL : (&v[0] + v.size());
  }
  /** Get end pointer of vector (const version) */
  template <class T, class TAl>
  inline const T* end_ptr(const std::vector<T, TAl>& v)
  {
      return v.empty() ? NULL : (&v[0] + v.size());
  }
  
  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  //
  // Templates for serializing to anything that looks like a stream,
  // i.e. anything that supports .read(char*, size_t) and .write(char*, size_t)
  //
  
  enum {
      // primary actions
      SER_NETWORK = (1 << 0),
      SER_DISK = (1 << 1),
      SER_GETHASH = (1 << 2),
  };
  
  #define READWRITE(obj) (::SerReadWrite(s, (obj), nType, nVersion, ser_action))
  
  /** 
   * Implement three methods for serializable objects. These are actually wrappers over
   * "SerializationOp" template, which implements the body of each class' serialization
   * code. Adding "ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS" in the body of the class causes these wrappers to be
   * added as members. 
   */
  #define ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS                                                         \
      size_t GetSerializeSize(int nType, int nVersion) const                            \
      {                                                                                 \
          CSizeComputer s(nType, nVersion);                                             \
          NCONST_PTR(this)->SerializationOp(s, CSerActionSerialize(), nType, nVersion); \
          return s.size();                                                              \
      }                                                                                 \
      template <typename Stream>                                                        \
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int nType, int nVersion) const                          \
      {                                                                                 \
          NCONST_PTR(this)->SerializationOp(s, CSerActionSerialize(), nType, nVersion); \
      }                                                                                 \
      template <typename Stream>                                                        \
      void Unserialize(Stream& s, int nType, int nVersion)                              \
      {                                                                                 \
          SerializationOp(s, CSerActionUnserialize(), nType, nVersion);                 \
      }
  
  
  /*
   * Basic Types
   */
  #define WRITEDATA(s, obj) s.write((char*)&(obj), sizeof(obj))
  #define READDATA(s, obj) s.read((char*)&(obj), sizeof(obj))
  
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(char a, int, int = 0)
  {
      return sizeof(a);
  }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed char a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned char a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed short a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned short a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed int a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned int a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed long a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned long a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(signed long long a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(unsigned long long a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(float a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(double a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(a); }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, char a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed char a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned char a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed short a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned short a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed int a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned int a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed long a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned long a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, signed long long a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, unsigned long long a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, float a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, double a, int, int = 0)
  {
      WRITEDATA(s, a);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, char& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed char& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned char& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed short& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned short& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed int& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned int& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed long& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned long& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, signed long long& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, unsigned long long& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, float& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, double& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      READDATA(s, a);
  }
  
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(bool a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(char); }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, bool a, int, int = 0)
  {
      char f = a;
      WRITEDATA(s, f);
  }
  
  
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, bool& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      char f;
      READDATA(s, f);
      a = f;
  }
  // Serializatin for libzerocoin::CoinDenomination
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(libzerocoin::CoinDenomination a, int, int = 0) { return sizeof(libzerocoin::CoinDenomination); }
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& s, libzerocoin::CoinDenomination a, int, int = 0)
  {
      int f = libzerocoin::ZerocoinDenominationToInt(a);
      WRITEDATA(s, f);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& s, libzerocoin::CoinDenomination& a, int, int = 0)
  {
      int f=0;
      READDATA(s, f);
      a = libzerocoin::IntToZerocoinDenomination(f);
  }
  
  
  
  /**
   * Compact Size
   * size <  253        -- 1 byte
   * size <= USHRT_MAX  -- 3 bytes  (253 + 2 bytes)
   * size <= UINT_MAX   -- 5 bytes  (254 + 4 bytes)
   * size >  UINT_MAX   -- 9 bytes  (255 + 8 bytes)
   */
  inline unsigned int GetSizeOfCompactSize(uint64_t nSize)
  {
      if (nSize < 253)
          return sizeof(unsigned char);
      else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max())
          return sizeof(unsigned char) + sizeof(unsigned short);
      else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())
          return sizeof(unsigned char) + sizeof(unsigned int);
      else
          return sizeof(unsigned char) + sizeof(uint64_t);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  void WriteCompactSize(Stream& os, uint64_t nSize)
  {
      if (nSize < 253) {
          unsigned char chSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
      } else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max()) {
          unsigned char chSize = 253;
          unsigned short xSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
          WRITEDATA(os, xSize);
      } else if (nSize <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max()) {
          unsigned char chSize = 254;
          unsigned int xSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
          WRITEDATA(os, xSize);
      } else {
          unsigned char chSize = 255;
          uint64_t xSize = nSize;
          WRITEDATA(os, chSize);
          WRITEDATA(os, xSize);
      }
      return;
  }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  uint64_t ReadCompactSize(Stream& is)
  {
      unsigned char chSize;
      READDATA(is, chSize);
      uint64_t nSizeRet = 0;
      if (chSize < 253) {
          nSizeRet = chSize;
      } else if (chSize == 253) {
          unsigned short xSize;
          READDATA(is, xSize);
          nSizeRet = xSize;
          if (nSizeRet < 253)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("non-canonical ReadCompactSize()");
      } else if (chSize == 254) {
          unsigned int xSize;
          READDATA(is, xSize);
          nSizeRet = xSize;
          if (nSizeRet < 0x10000u)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("non-canonical ReadCompactSize()");
      } else {
          uint64_t xSize;
          READDATA(is, xSize);
          nSizeRet = xSize;
          if (nSizeRet < 0x100000000ULL)
              throw std::ios_base::failure("non-canonical ReadCompactSize()");
      }
      if (nSizeRet > (uint64_t)MAX_SIZE)
          throw std::ios_base::failure("ReadCompactSize() : size too large");
      return nSizeRet;
  }
  
  /**
   * Variable-length integers: bytes are a MSB base-128 encoding of the number.
   * The high bit in each byte signifies whether another digit follows. To make
   * sure the encoding is one-to-one, one is subtracted from all but the last digit.
   * Thus, the byte sequence a[] with length len, where all but the last byte
   * has bit 128 set, encodes the number:
   * 
   *  (a[len-1] & 0x7F) + sum(i=1..len-1, 128^i*((a[len-i-1] & 0x7F)+1))
   * 
   * Properties:
   * * Very small (0-127: 1 byte, 128-16511: 2 bytes, 16512-2113663: 3 bytes)
   * * Every integer has exactly one encoding
   * * Encoding does not depend on size of original integer type
   * * No redundancy: every (infinite) byte sequence corresponds to a list
   *   of encoded integers.
   * 
   * 0:         [0x00]  256:        [0x81 0x00]
   * 1:         [0x01]  16383:      [0xFE 0x7F]
   * 127:       [0x7F]  16384:      [0xFF 0x00]
   * 128:  [0x80 0x00]  16511: [0x80 0xFF 0x7F]
   * 255:  [0x80 0x7F]  65535: [0x82 0xFD 0x7F]
   * 2^32:           [0x8E 0xFE 0xFE 0xFF 0x00]
   */
  
  template <typename I>
  inline unsigned int GetSizeOfVarInt(I n)
  {
      int nRet = 0;
      while (true) {
          nRet++;
          if (n <= 0x7F)
              break;
          n = (n >> 7) - 1;
      }
      return nRet;
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename I>
  void WriteVarInt(Stream& os, I n)
  {
      unsigned char tmp[(sizeof(n) * 8 + 6) / 7];
      int len = 0;
      while (true) {
          tmp[len] = (n & 0x7F) | (len ? 0x80 : 0x00);
          if (n <= 0x7F)
              break;
          n = (n >> 7) - 1;
          len++;
      }
      do {
          WRITEDATA(os, tmp[len]);
      } while (len--);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename I>
  I ReadVarInt(Stream& is)
  {
      I n = 0;
      while (true) {
          unsigned char chData;
          READDATA(is, chData);
          n = (n << 7) | (chData & 0x7F);
          if (chData & 0x80)
              n++;
          else
              return n;
      }
  }
  
  #define FLATDATA(obj) REF(CFlatData((char*)&(obj), (char*)&(obj) + sizeof(obj)))
  #define VARINT(obj) REF(WrapVarInt(REF(obj)))
  #define LIMITED_STRING(obj, n) REF(LimitedString<n>(REF(obj)))
  
  /** 
   * Wrapper for serializing arrays and POD.
   */
  class CFlatData
  {
  protected:
      char* pbegin;
      char* pend;
  
  public:
      CFlatData(void* pbeginIn, void* pendIn) : pbegin((char*)pbeginIn), pend((char*)pendIn) {}
      template <class T, class TAl>
      explicit CFlatData(std::vector<T, TAl>& v)
      {
          pbegin = (char*)begin_ptr(v);
          pend = (char*)end_ptr(v);
      }
      char* begin() { return pbegin; }
      const char* begin() const { return pbegin; }
      char* end() { return pend; }
      const char* end() const { return pend; }
  
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(int, int = 0) const
      {
          return pend - pbegin;
      }
  
      template <typename Stream>
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int, int = 0) const
      {
          s.write(pbegin, pend - pbegin);
      }
  
      template <typename Stream>
      void Unserialize(Stream& s, int, int = 0)
      {
          s.read(pbegin, pend - pbegin);
      }
  };
  
  template <typename I>
  class CVarInt
  {
  protected:
      I& n;
  
  public:
      CVarInt(I& nIn) : n(nIn) {}
  
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(int, int) const
      {
          return GetSizeOfVarInt<I>(n);
      }
  
      template <typename Stream>
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int, int) const
      {
          WriteVarInt<Stream, I>(s, n);
      }
  
      template <typename Stream>
      void Unserialize(Stream& s, int, int)
      {
          n = ReadVarInt<Stream, I>(s);
      }
  };
  
  template <size_t Limit>
  class LimitedString
  {
  protected:
      std::string& string;
  
  public:
      LimitedString(std::string& string) : string(string) {}
  
      template <typename Stream>
      void Unserialize(Stream& s, int, int = 0)
      {
          size_t size = ReadCompactSize(s);
          if (size > Limit) {
              throw std::ios_base::failure("String length limit exceeded");
          }
          string.resize(size);
          if (size != 0)
              s.read((char*)&string[0], size);
      }
  
      template <typename Stream>
      void Serialize(Stream& s, int, int = 0) const
      {
          WriteCompactSize(s, string.size());
          if (!string.empty())
              s.write((char*)&string[0], string.size());
      }
  
      unsigned int GetSerializeSize(int, int = 0) const
      {
          return GetSizeOfCompactSize(string.size()) + string.size();
      }
  };
  
  template <typename I>
  CVarInt<I> WrapVarInt(I& n)
  {
      return CVarInt<I>(n);
  }
  
  /**
   * Forward declarations
   */
  
  /**
   *  string
   */
  template <typename C>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int = 0);
  template <typename Stream, typename C>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int = 0);
  template <typename Stream, typename C>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int = 0);
  
  /**
   * vector
   * vectors of unsigned char are a special case and are intended to be serialized as a single opaque blob.
   */
  template <typename T, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const unsigned char&);
  template <typename T, typename A, typename V>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const V&);
  template <typename T, typename A>
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const unsigned char&);
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A, typename V>
  void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const V&);
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const unsigned char&);
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A, typename V>
  void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const V&);
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  /**
   * others derived from vector
   */
  extern inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  /**
   * pair
   */
  template <typename K, typename T>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  /**
   * map
   */
  template <typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  /**
   * set
   */
  template <typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion);
  
  
  /**
   * If none of the specialized versions above matched, default to calling member function.
   * "int nType" is changed to "long nType" to keep from getting an ambiguous overload error.
   * The compiler will only cast int to long if none of the other templates matched.
   * Thanks to Boost serialization for this idea.
   */
  template <typename T>
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const T& a, long nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return a.GetSerializeSize((int)nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& os, const T& a, long nType, int nVersion)
  {
      a.Serialize(os, (int)nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& is, T& a, long nType, int nVersion)
  {
      a.Unserialize(is, (int)nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  /**
   * string
   */
  template <typename C>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int)
  {
      return GetSizeOfCompactSize(str.size()) + str.size() * sizeof(str[0]);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename C>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, str.size());
      if (!str.empty())
          os.write((char*)&str[0], str.size() * sizeof(str[0]));
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename C>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::basic_string<C>& str, int, int)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      str.resize(nSize);
      if (nSize != 0)
          is.read((char*)&str[0], nSize * sizeof(str[0]));
  }
  
  
  /**
   * vector
   */
  template <typename T, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const unsigned char&)
  {
      return (GetSizeOfCompactSize(v.size()) + v.size() * sizeof(T));
  }
  
  template <typename T, typename A, typename V>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize_impl(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const V&)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = GetSizeOfCompactSize(v.size());
      for (typename std::vector<T, A>::const_iterator vi = v.begin(); vi != v.end(); ++vi)
          nSize += GetSerializeSize((*vi), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template <typename T, typename A>
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return GetSerializeSize_impl(v, nType, nVersion, T());
  }
  
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const unsigned char&)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, v.size());
      if (!v.empty())
          os.write((char*)&v[0], v.size() * sizeof(T));
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A, typename V>
  void Serialize_impl(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const V&)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, v.size());
      for (typename std::vector<T, A>::const_iterator vi = v.begin(); vi != v.end(); ++vi)
          ::Serialize(os, (*vi), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  inline void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize_impl(os, v, nType, nVersion, T());
  }
  
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const unsigned char&)
  {
      // Limit size per read so bogus size value won't cause out of memory
      v.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      unsigned int i = 0;
      while (i < nSize) {
          unsigned int blk = std::min(nSize - i, (unsigned int)(1 + 4999999 / sizeof(T)));
          v.resize(i + blk);
          is.read((char*)&v[i], blk * sizeof(T));
          i += blk;
      }
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A, typename V>
  void Unserialize_impl(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion, const V&)
  {
      v.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      unsigned int i = 0;
      unsigned int nMid = 0;
      while (nMid < nSize) {
          nMid += 5000000 / sizeof(T);
          if (nMid > nSize)
              nMid = nSize;
          v.resize(nMid);
          for (; i < nMid; i++)
              Unserialize(is, v[i], nType, nVersion);
      }
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T, typename A>
  inline void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::vector<T, A>& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize_impl(is, v, nType, nVersion, T());
  }
  
  
  /**
   * others derived from vector
   */
  inline unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return GetSerializeSize((const std::vector<unsigned char>&)v, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize(os, (const std::vector<unsigned char>&)v, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, CScript& v, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize(is, (std::vector<unsigned char>&)v, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  /**
   * pair
   */
  template <typename K, typename T>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      return GetSerializeSize(item.first, nType, nVersion) + GetSerializeSize(item.second, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Serialize(os, item.first, nType, nVersion);
      Serialize(os, item.second, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::pair<K, T>& item, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      Unserialize(is, item.first, nType, nVersion);
      Unserialize(is, item.second, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  /**
   * map
   */
  template <typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = GetSizeOfCompactSize(m.size());
      for (typename std::map<K, T, Pred, A>::const_iterator mi = m.begin(); mi != m.end(); ++mi)
          nSize += GetSerializeSize((*mi), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, m.size());
      for (typename std::map<K, T, Pred, A>::const_iterator mi = m.begin(); mi != m.end(); ++mi)
          Serialize(os, (*mi), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename T, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::map<K, T, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      m.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      typename std::map<K, T, Pred, A>::iterator mi = m.begin();
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nSize; i++) {
          std::pair<K, T> item;
          Unserialize(is, item, nType, nVersion);
          mi = m.insert(mi, item);
      }
  }
  
  
  /**
   * set
   */
  template <typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  unsigned int GetSerializeSize(const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      unsigned int nSize = GetSizeOfCompactSize(m.size());
      for (typename std::set<K, Pred, A>::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
          nSize += GetSerializeSize((*it), nType, nVersion);
      return nSize;
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Serialize(Stream& os, const std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      WriteCompactSize(os, m.size());
      for (typename std::set<K, Pred, A>::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
          Serialize(os, (*it), nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename K, typename Pred, typename A>
  void Unserialize(Stream& is, std::set<K, Pred, A>& m, int nType, int nVersion)
  {
      m.clear();
      unsigned int nSize = ReadCompactSize(is);
      typename std::set<K, Pred, A>::iterator it = m.begin();
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nSize; i++) {
          K key;
          Unserialize(is, key, nType, nVersion);
          it = m.insert(it, key);
      }
  }
  
  
  /**
   * Support for ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS and READWRITE macro
   */
  struct CSerActionSerialize {
      bool ForRead() const { return false; }
  };
  struct CSerActionUnserialize {
      bool ForRead() const { return true; }
  };
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T>
  inline void SerReadWrite(Stream& s, const T& obj, int nType, int nVersion, CSerActionSerialize ser_action)
  {
      ::Serialize(s, obj, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  template <typename Stream, typename T>
  inline void SerReadWrite(Stream& s, T& obj, int nType, int nVersion, CSerActionUnserialize ser_action)
  {
      ::Unserialize(s, obj, nType, nVersion);
  }
  
  
  class CSizeComputer
  {
  protected:
      size_t nSize;
  
  public:
      int nType;
      int nVersion;
  
      CSizeComputer(int nTypeIn, int nVersionIn) : nSize(0), nType(nTypeIn), nVersion(nVersionIn) {}
  
      CSizeComputer& write(const char* psz, size_t nSize)
      {
          this->nSize += nSize;
          return *this;
      }
  
      template <typename T>
      CSizeComputer& operator<<(const T& obj)
      {
          ::Serialize(*this, obj, nType, nVersion);
          return (*this);
      }
  
      size_t size() const
      {
          return nSize;
      }
  };
  
  #endif // BITCOIN_SERIALIZE_H
  