text: #!/usr/bin/env python
  # Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
  # All rights reserved.
  #
  # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  # met:
  #
  #     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  #     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
  # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  # distribution.
  #     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
  # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  # this software without specific prior written permission.
  #
  # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  
  """Run tests in parallel."""
  
  from __future__ import print_function
  
  import argparse
  import ast
  import collections
  import glob
  import itertools
  import json
  import logging
  import multiprocessing
  import os
  import os.path
  import pipes
  import platform
  import random
  import re
  import socket
  import subprocess
  import sys
  import tempfile
  import traceback
  import time
  from six.moves import urllib
  import uuid
  import six
  
  import python_utils.jobset as jobset
  import python_utils.report_utils as report_utils
  import python_utils.watch_dirs as watch_dirs
  import python_utils.start_port_server as start_port_server
  try:
    from python_utils.upload_test_results import upload_results_to_bq
  except (ImportError):
    pass # It's ok to not import because this is only necessary to upload results to BQ.
  
  _ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]), '../..'))
  os.chdir(_ROOT)
  
  
  _FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS = {
    'GRPC_VERBOSITY': 'DEBUG',
  }
  
  
  _POLLING_STRATEGIES = {
    'linux': ['epollsig', 'poll', 'poll-cv'],
  # TODO(ctiller, sreecha): enable epoll1, epollex, epoll-thread-pool
    'mac': ['poll'],
  }
  
  
  def platform_string():
    return jobset.platform_string()
  
  
  _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 5 * 60
  
  def run_shell_command(cmd, env=None, cwd=None):
    try:
      subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True, env=env, cwd=cwd)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
      logging.exception("Error while running command '%s'. Exit status %d. Output:\n%s",
                         e.cmd, e.returncode, e.output)
      raise
  
  # SimpleConfig: just compile with CONFIG=config, and run the binary to test
  class Config(object):
  
    def __init__(self, config, environ=None, timeout_multiplier=1, tool_prefix=[], iomgr_platform='native'):
      if environ is None:
        environ = {}
      self.build_config = config
      self.environ = environ
      self.environ['CONFIG'] = config
      self.tool_prefix = tool_prefix
      self.timeout_multiplier = timeout_multiplier
      self.iomgr_platform = iomgr_platform
  
    def job_spec(self, cmdline, timeout_seconds=_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
                 shortname=None, environ={}, cpu_cost=1.0, flaky=False):
      """Construct a jobset.JobSpec for a test under this config
  
         Args:
           cmdline:      a list of strings specifying the command line the test
                         would like to run
      """
      actual_environ = self.environ.copy()
      for k, v in environ.items():
        actual_environ[k] = v
      return jobset.JobSpec(cmdline=self.tool_prefix + cmdline,
                            shortname=shortname,
                            environ=actual_environ,
                            cpu_cost=cpu_cost,
                            timeout_seconds=(self.timeout_multiplier * timeout_seconds if timeout_seconds else None),
                            flake_retries=5 if flaky or args.allow_flakes else 0,
                            timeout_retries=3 if args.allow_flakes else 0)
  
  
  def get_c_tests(travis, test_lang) :
    out = []
    platforms_str = 'ci_platforms' if travis else 'platforms'
    with open('tools/run_tests/generated/tests.json') as f:
      js = json.load(f)
      return [tgt
              for tgt in js
              if tgt['language'] == test_lang and
                  platform_string() in tgt[platforms_str] and
                  not (travis and tgt['flaky'])]
  
  
  def _check_compiler(compiler, supported_compilers):
    if compiler not in supported_compilers:
      raise Exception('Compiler %s not supported (on this platform).' % compiler)
  
  
  def _check_arch(arch, supported_archs):
    if arch not in supported_archs:
      raise Exception('Architecture %s not supported.' % arch)
  
  
  def _is_use_docker_child():
    """Returns True if running running as a --use_docker child."""
    return True if os.getenv('RUN_TESTS_COMMAND') else False
  
  
  _PythonConfigVars = collections.namedtuple(
    '_ConfigVars', ['shell', 'builder', 'builder_prefix_arguments',
                    'venv_relative_python', 'toolchain', 'runner'])
  
  
  def _python_config_generator(name, major, minor, bits, config_vars):
    return PythonConfig(
      name,
      config_vars.shell + config_vars.builder + config_vars.builder_prefix_arguments + [
        _python_pattern_function(major=major, minor=minor, bits=bits)] + [
        name] + config_vars.venv_relative_python + config_vars.toolchain,
      config_vars.shell + config_vars.runner + [
        os.path.join(name, config_vars.venv_relative_python[0])])
  
  
  def _pypy_config_generator(name, major, config_vars):
    return PythonConfig(
      name,
      config_vars.shell + config_vars.builder + config_vars.builder_prefix_arguments + [
        _pypy_pattern_function(major=major)] + [
        name] + config_vars.venv_relative_python + config_vars.toolchain,
      config_vars.shell + config_vars.runner + [
        os.path.join(name, config_vars.venv_relative_python[0])])
  
  
  def _python_pattern_function(major, minor, bits):
    # Bit-ness is handled by the test machine's environment
    if os.name == "nt":
      if bits == "64":
        return '/c/Python{major}{minor}/python.exe'.format(
          major=major, minor=minor, bits=bits)
      else:
        return '/c/Python{major}{minor}_{bits}bits/python.exe'.format(
          major=major, minor=minor, bits=bits)
    else:
      return 'python{major}.{minor}'.format(major=major, minor=minor)
  
  
  def _pypy_pattern_function(major):
    if major == '2':
      return 'pypy'
    elif major == '3':
      return 'pypy3'
    else:
      raise ValueError("Unknown PyPy major version")
  
  
  class CLanguage(object):
  
    def __init__(self, make_target, test_lang):
      self.make_target = make_target
      self.platform = platform_string()
      self.test_lang = test_lang
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      if self.args.compiler == 'cmake':
        _check_arch(self.args.arch, ['default'])
        self._use_cmake = True
        self._docker_distro = 'jessie'
        self._make_options = []
      elif self.platform == 'windows':
        self._use_cmake = False
        self._make_options = [_windows_toolset_option(self.args.compiler),
                              _windows_arch_option(self.args.arch)]
      else:
        self._use_cmake = False
        self._docker_distro, self._make_options = self._compiler_options(self.args.use_docker,
                                                                         self.args.compiler)
      if args.iomgr_platform == "uv":
        cflags = '-DGRPC_UV '
        try:
          cflags += subprocess.check_output(['pkg-config', '--cflags', 'libuv']).strip() + ' '
        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, OSError):
          pass
        try:
          ldflags = subprocess.check_output(['pkg-config', '--libs', 'libuv']).strip() + ' '
        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, OSError):
          ldflags = '-luv '
        self._make_options += ['EXTRA_CPPFLAGS={}'.format(cflags),
                               'EXTRA_LDLIBS={}'.format(ldflags)]
  
    def test_specs(self):
      out = []
      binaries = get_c_tests(self.args.travis, self.test_lang)
      for target in binaries:
        if self._use_cmake and target.get('boringssl', False):
          # cmake doesn't build boringssl tests
          continue
        polling_strategies = (_POLLING_STRATEGIES.get(self.platform, ['all'])
                              if target.get('uses_polling', True)
                              else ['all'])
        if self.args.iomgr_platform == 'uv':
          polling_strategies = ['all']
        for polling_strategy in polling_strategies:
          env={'GRPC_DEFAULT_SSL_ROOTS_FILE_PATH':
                   _ROOT + '/src/core/tsi/test_creds/ca.pem',
               'GRPC_POLL_STRATEGY': polling_strategy,
               'GRPC_VERBOSITY': 'DEBUG'}
          resolver = os.environ.get('GRPC_DNS_RESOLVER', None);
          if resolver:
            env['GRPC_DNS_RESOLVER'] = resolver
          shortname_ext = '' if polling_strategy=='all' else ' GRPC_POLL_STRATEGY=%s' % polling_strategy
          timeout_scaling = 1
          if polling_strategy == 'poll-cv':
            timeout_scaling *= 5
  
          if polling_strategy in target.get('excluded_poll_engines', []):
            continue
  
          # Scale overall test timeout if running under various sanitizers.
          config = self.args.config
          if ('asan' in config
              or config == 'msan'
              or config == 'tsan'
              or config == 'ubsan'
              or config == 'helgrind'
              or config == 'memcheck'):
            timeout_scaling *= 20
  
          if self.config.build_config in target['exclude_configs']:
            continue
          if self.args.iomgr_platform in target.get('exclude_iomgrs', []):
            continue
          if self.platform == 'windows':
            if self._use_cmake:
              binary = 'cmake/build/%s/%s.exe' % (_MSBUILD_CONFIG[self.config.build_config], target['name'])
            else:
              binary = 'vsprojects/%s%s/%s.exe' % (
                  'x64/' if self.args.arch == 'x64' else '',
                  _MSBUILD_CONFIG[self.config.build_config],
                  target['name'])
          else:
            if self._use_cmake:
              binary = 'cmake/build/%s' % target['name']
            else:
              binary = 'bins/%s/%s' % (self.config.build_config, target['name'])
          cpu_cost = target['cpu_cost']
          if cpu_cost == 'capacity':
            cpu_cost = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
          if os.path.isfile(binary):
            if 'gtest' in target and target['gtest']:
              # here we parse the output of --gtest_list_tests to build up a
              # complete list of the tests contained in a binary
              # for each test, we then add a job to run, filtering for just that
              # test
              with open(os.devnull, 'w') as fnull:
                tests = subprocess.check_output([binary, '--gtest_list_tests'],
                                                stderr=fnull)
              base = None
              for line in tests.split('\n'):
                i = line.find('#')
                if i >= 0: line = line[:i]
                if not line: continue
                if line[0] != ' ':
                  base = line.strip()
                else:
                  assert base is not None
                  assert line[1] == ' '
                  test = base + line.strip()
                  cmdline = [binary, '--gtest_filter=%s' % test] + target['args']
                  out.append(self.config.job_spec(cmdline,
                                                  shortname='%s %s' % (' '.join(cmdline), shortname_ext),
                                                  cpu_cost=cpu_cost,
                                                  timeout_seconds=_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS * timeout_scaling,
                                                  environ=env))
            else:
              cmdline = [binary] + target['args']
              out.append(self.config.job_spec(cmdline,
                                              shortname=' '.join(
                                                            pipes.quote(arg)
                                                            for arg in cmdline) +
                                                        shortname_ext,
                                              cpu_cost=cpu_cost,
                                              flaky=target.get('flaky', False),
                                              timeout_seconds=target.get('timeout_seconds', _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS) * timeout_scaling,
                                              environ=env))
          elif self.args.regex == '.*' or self.platform == 'windows':
            print('\nWARNING: binary not found, skipping', binary)
      return sorted(out)
  
    def make_targets(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        # don't build tools on windows just yet
        return ['buildtests_%s' % self.make_target]
      return ['buildtests_%s' % self.make_target, 'tools_%s' % self.make_target,
              'check_epollexclusive']
  
    def make_options(self):
      return self._make_options;
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      if self._use_cmake:
        if self.platform == 'windows':
          return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\pre_build_cmake.bat']]
        else:
          return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/pre_build_cmake.sh']]
      else:
        if self.platform == 'windows':
          return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\pre_build_c.bat']]
        else:
          return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return []
      else:
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/post_tests_c.sh']]
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      if self._use_cmake:
        return 'cmake/build/Makefile'
      else:
        return 'Makefile'
  
    def _clang_make_options(self, version_suffix=''):
      return ['CC=clang%s' % version_suffix,
              'CXX=clang++%s' % version_suffix,
              'LD=clang%s' % version_suffix,
              'LDXX=clang++%s' % version_suffix]
  
    def _gcc_make_options(self, version_suffix):
      return ['CC=gcc%s' % version_suffix,
              'CXX=g++%s' % version_suffix,
              'LD=gcc%s' % version_suffix,
              'LDXX=g++%s' % version_suffix]
  
    def _compiler_options(self, use_docker, compiler):
      """Returns docker distro and make options to use for given compiler."""
      if not use_docker and not _is_use_docker_child():
        _check_compiler(compiler, ['default'])
  
      if compiler == 'gcc4.9' or compiler == 'default':
        return ('jessie', [])
      elif compiler == 'gcc4.8':
        return ('jessie', self._gcc_make_options(version_suffix='-4.8'))
      elif compiler == 'gcc5.3':
        return ('ubuntu1604', [])
      elif compiler == 'gcc_musl':
        return ('alpine', [])
      elif compiler == 'clang3.4':
        # on ubuntu1404, clang-3.4 alias doesn't exist, just use 'clang'
        return ('ubuntu1404', self._clang_make_options())
      elif compiler == 'clang3.5':
        return ('jessie', self._clang_make_options(version_suffix='-3.5'))
      elif compiler == 'clang3.6':
        return ('ubuntu1604', self._clang_make_options(version_suffix='-3.6'))
      elif compiler == 'clang3.7':
        return ('ubuntu1604', self._clang_make_options(version_suffix='-3.7'))
      else:
        raise Exception('Compiler %s not supported.' % compiler)
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/cxx_%s_%s' % (self._docker_distro,
                                                  _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch))
  
    def __str__(self):
      return self.make_target
  
  
  class NodeLanguage(object):
  
    def __init__(self):
      self.platform = platform_string()
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      # Note: electron ABI only depends on major and minor version, so that's all
      # we should specify in the compiler argument
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default', 'node0.12',
                                           'node4', 'node5', 'node6',
                                           'node7', 'electron1.3', 'electron1.6'])
      if self.args.compiler == 'default':
        self.runtime = 'node'
        self.node_version = '7'
      else:
        if self.args.compiler.startswith('electron'):
          self.runtime = 'electron'
          self.node_version = self.args.compiler[8:]
        else:
          self.runtime = 'node'
          # Take off the word "node"
          self.node_version = self.args.compiler[4:]
  
    def test_specs(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return [self.config.job_spec(['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\run_node.bat'])]
      else:
        run_script = 'run_node'
        if self.runtime == 'electron':
          run_script += '_electron'
        return [self.config.job_spec(['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/{}.sh'.format(run_script),
                                      self.node_version],
                                     None,
                                     environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS)]
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\pre_build_node.bat']]
      else:
        build_script = 'pre_build_node'
        if self.runtime == 'electron':
          build_script += '_electron'
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/{}.sh'.format(build_script),
                 self.node_version]]
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return []
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        if self.config == 'dbg':
          config_flag = '--debug'
        else:
          config_flag = '--release'
        return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\build_node.bat',
                 config_flag]]
      else:
        build_script = 'build_node'
        if self.runtime == 'electron':
          build_script += '_electron'
          # building for electron requires a patch version
          self.node_version += '.0'
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/{}.sh'.format(build_script),
                 self.node_version]]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/node_jessie_%s' % _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch)
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'node'
  
  
  class PhpLanguage(object):
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default'])
  
    def test_specs(self):
      return [self.config.job_spec(['src/php/bin/run_tests.sh'],
                                    environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS)]
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return ['static_c', 'shared_c']
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/build_php.sh']]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/post_tests_php.sh']]
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/php_jessie_%s' % _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch)
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'php'
  
  
  class Php7Language(object):
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default'])
  
    def test_specs(self):
      return [self.config.job_spec(['src/php/bin/run_tests.sh'],
                                    environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS)]
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return ['static_c', 'shared_c']
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/build_php.sh']]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/post_tests_php.sh']]
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/php7_jessie_%s' % _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch)
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'php7'
  
  
  class PythonConfig(collections.namedtuple('PythonConfig', [
      'name', 'build', 'run'])):
    """Tuple of commands (named s.t. 'what it says on the tin' applies)"""
  
  class PythonLanguage(object):
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      self.pythons = self._get_pythons(self.args)
  
    def test_specs(self):
      # load list of known test suites
      with open('src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json') as tests_json_file:
        tests_json = json.load(tests_json_file)
      environment = dict(_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS)
      return [self.config.job_spec(
          config.run,
          timeout_seconds=5*60,
          environ=dict(list(environment.items()) +
                       [('GRPC_PYTHON_TESTRUNNER_FILTER', str(suite_name))]),
          shortname='%s.test.%s' % (config.name, suite_name),)
          for suite_name in tests_json
          for config in self.pythons]
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return []
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return [config.build for config in self.pythons]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      if self.config != 'gcov':
        return []
      else:
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/post_tests_python.sh']]
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/python_%s_%s' % (self.python_manager_name(), _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch))
  
    def python_manager_name(self):
      if self.args.compiler in ['python3.5', 'python3.6']:
        return 'pyenv'
      elif self.args.compiler == 'python_alpine':
        return 'alpine'
      else:
        return 'jessie'
  
    def _get_pythons(self, args):
      if args.arch == 'x86':
        bits = '32'
      else:
        bits = '64'
  
      if os.name == 'nt':
        shell = ['bash']
        builder = [os.path.abspath('tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/build_python_msys2.sh')]
        builder_prefix_arguments = ['MINGW{}'.format(bits)]
        venv_relative_python = ['Scripts/python.exe']
        toolchain = ['mingw32']
      else:
        shell = []
        builder = [os.path.abspath('tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/build_python.sh')]
        builder_prefix_arguments = []
        venv_relative_python = ['bin/python']
        toolchain = ['unix']
  
      runner = [os.path.abspath('tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/run_python.sh')]
      config_vars = _PythonConfigVars(shell, builder, builder_prefix_arguments,
                                venv_relative_python, toolchain, runner)
      python27_config = _python_config_generator(name='py27', major='2',
                                                 minor='7', bits=bits,
                                                 config_vars=config_vars)
      python34_config = _python_config_generator(name='py34', major='3',
                                                 minor='4', bits=bits,
                                                 config_vars=config_vars)
      python35_config = _python_config_generator(name='py35', major='3',
                                                 minor='5', bits=bits,
                                                 config_vars=config_vars)
      python36_config = _python_config_generator(name='py36', major='3',
                                                 minor='6', bits=bits,
                                                 config_vars=config_vars)
      pypy27_config = _pypy_config_generator(name='pypy', major='2',
                                             config_vars=config_vars)
      pypy32_config = _pypy_config_generator(name='pypy3', major='3',
                                             config_vars=config_vars)
  
      if args.compiler == 'default':
        if os.name == 'nt':
          return (python27_config,)
        else:
          return (python27_config, python34_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'python2.7':
        return (python27_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'python3.4':
        return (python34_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'python3.5':
        return (python35_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'python3.6':
        return (python36_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'pypy':
        return (pypy27_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'pypy3':
        return (pypy32_config,)
      elif args.compiler == 'python_alpine':
        return (python27_config,)
      else:
        raise Exception('Compiler %s not supported.' % args.compiler)
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'python'
  
  
  class RubyLanguage(object):
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default'])
  
    def test_specs(self):
      tests = [self.config.job_spec(['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/run_ruby.sh'],
                                    timeout_seconds=10*60,
                                    environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS)]
      tests.append(self.config.job_spec(['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/run_ruby_end2end_tests.sh'],
                   timeout_seconds=10*60,
                   environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS))
      return tests
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/pre_build_ruby.sh']]
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return []
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/build_ruby.sh']]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/post_tests_ruby.sh']]
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/ruby_jessie_%s' % _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch)
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'ruby'
  
  
  class CSharpLanguage(object):
  
    def __init__(self):
      self.platform = platform_string()
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['coreclr', 'default'])
        _check_arch(self.args.arch, ['default'])
        self._cmake_arch_option = 'x64'
        self._make_options = []
      else:
        _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default', 'coreclr'])
        self._docker_distro = 'jessie'
  
        if self.platform == 'mac':
          # TODO(jtattermusch): EMBED_ZLIB=true currently breaks the mac build
          self._make_options = ['EMBED_OPENSSL=true']
          if self.args.compiler != 'coreclr':
            # On Mac, official distribution of mono is 32bit.
            self._make_options += ['ARCH_FLAGS=-m32', 'LDFLAGS=-m32']
        else:
          self._make_options = ['EMBED_OPENSSL=true', 'EMBED_ZLIB=true']
  
    def test_specs(self):
      with open('src/csharp/tests.json') as f:
        tests_by_assembly = json.load(f)
  
      msbuild_config = _MSBUILD_CONFIG[self.config.build_config]
      nunit_args = ['--labels=All', '--noresult', '--workers=1']
      assembly_subdir = 'bin/%s' % msbuild_config
      assembly_extension = '.exe'
  
      if self.args.compiler == 'coreclr':
        assembly_subdir += '/netcoreapp1.0'
        runtime_cmd = ['dotnet', 'exec']
        assembly_extension = '.dll'
      else:
        assembly_subdir += '/net45'
        if self.platform == 'windows':
          runtime_cmd = []
        else:
          runtime_cmd = ['mono']
  
      specs = []
      for assembly in six.iterkeys(tests_by_assembly):
        assembly_file = 'src/csharp/%s/%s/%s%s' % (assembly,
                                                   assembly_subdir,
                                                   assembly,
                                                   assembly_extension)
        if self.config.build_config != 'gcov' or self.platform != 'windows':
          # normally, run each test as a separate process
          for test in tests_by_assembly[assembly]:
            cmdline = runtime_cmd + [assembly_file, '--test=%s' % test] + nunit_args
            specs.append(self.config.job_spec(cmdline,
                                              shortname='csharp.%s' % test,
                                              environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS))
        else:
          # For C# test coverage, run all tests from the same assembly at once
          # using OpenCover.Console (only works on Windows).
          cmdline = ['src\\csharp\\packages\\OpenCover.4.6.519\\tools\\OpenCover.Console.exe',
                     '-target:%s' % assembly_file,
                     '-targetdir:src\\csharp',
                     '-targetargs:%s' % ' '.join(nunit_args),
                     '-filter:+[Grpc.Core]*',
                     '-register:user',
                     '-output:src\\csharp\\coverage_csharp_%s.xml' % assembly]
  
          # set really high cpu_cost to make sure instances of OpenCover.Console run exclusively
          # to prevent problems with registering the profiler.
          run_exclusive = 1000000
          specs.append(self.config.job_spec(cmdline,
                                            shortname='csharp.coverage.%s' % assembly,
                                            cpu_cost=run_exclusive,
                                            environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS))
      return specs
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\pre_build_csharp.bat', self._cmake_arch_option]]
      else:
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/pre_build_csharp.sh']]
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return ['grpc_csharp_ext']
  
    def make_options(self):
      return self._make_options;
  
    def build_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\build_csharp.bat']]
      else:
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/build_csharp.sh']]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\post_tests_csharp.bat']]
      else:
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/post_tests_csharp.sh']]
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return 'cmake/build/%s/Makefile' % self._cmake_arch_option
      else:
        return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/csharp_%s_%s' % (self._docker_distro,
                                                     _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch))
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'csharp'
  
  
  class ObjCLanguage(object):
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default'])
  
    def test_specs(self):
      return [
          self.config.job_spec(['src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh'],
                                timeout_seconds=60*60,
                                shortname='objc-tests',
                                environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS),
          self.config.job_spec(['src/objective-c/tests/build_example_test.sh'],
                                timeout_seconds=30*60,
                                shortname='objc-examples-build',
                                environ=_FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS),
      ]
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return ['interop_server']
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return [['src/objective-c/tests/build_tests.sh']]
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return None
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'objc'
  
  
  class Sanity(object):
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default'])
  
    def test_specs(self):
      import yaml
      with open('tools/run_tests/sanity/sanity_tests.yaml', 'r') as f:
        environ={'TEST': 'true'}
        if _is_use_docker_child():
          environ['CLANG_FORMAT_SKIP_DOCKER'] = 'true'
        return [self.config.job_spec(cmd['script'].split(),
                                     timeout_seconds=30*60,
                                     environ=environ,
                                     cpu_cost=cmd.get('cpu_cost', 1))
                for cmd in yaml.load(f)]
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return ['run_dep_checks']
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/sanity'
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'sanity'
  
  class NodeExpressLanguage(object):
    """Dummy Node express test target to enable running express performance
    benchmarks"""
  
    def __init__(self):
      self.platform = platform_string()
  
    def configure(self, config, args):
      self.config = config
      self.args = args
      _check_compiler(self.args.compiler, ['default', 'node0.12',
                                           'node4', 'node5', 'node6'])
      if self.args.compiler == 'default':
        self.node_version = '4'
      else:
        # Take off the word "node"
        self.node_version = self.args.compiler[4:]
  
    def test_specs(self):
      return []
  
    def pre_build_steps(self):
      if self.platform == 'windows':
        return [['tools\\run_tests\\helper_scripts\\pre_build_node.bat']]
      else:
        return [['tools/run_tests/helper_scripts/pre_build_node.sh', self.node_version]]
  
    def make_targets(self):
      return []
  
    def make_options(self):
      return []
  
    def build_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def post_tests_steps(self):
      return []
  
    def makefile_name(self):
      return 'Makefile'
  
    def dockerfile_dir(self):
      return 'tools/dockerfile/test/node_jessie_%s' % _docker_arch_suffix(self.args.arch)
  
    def __str__(self):
      return 'node_express'
  
  # different configurations we can run under
  with open('tools/run_tests/generated/configs.json') as f:
    _CONFIGS = dict((cfg['config'], Config(**cfg)) for cfg in ast.literal_eval(f.read()))
  
  
  _LANGUAGES = {
      'c++': CLanguage('cxx', 'c++'),
      'c': CLanguage('c', 'c'),
      'node': NodeLanguage(),
      'node_express': NodeExpressLanguage(),
      'php': PhpLanguage(),
      'php7': Php7Language(),
      'python': PythonLanguage(),
      'ruby': RubyLanguage(),
      'csharp': CSharpLanguage(),
      'objc' : ObjCLanguage(),
      'sanity': Sanity()
      }
  
  
  _MSBUILD_CONFIG = {
      'dbg': 'Debug',
      'opt': 'Release',
      'gcov': 'Debug',
      }
  
  
  def _windows_arch_option(arch):
    """Returns msbuild cmdline option for selected architecture."""
    if arch == 'default' or arch == 'x86':
      return '/p:Platform=Win32'
    elif arch == 'x64':
      return '/p:Platform=x64'
    else:
      print('Architecture %s not supported.' % arch)
      sys.exit(1)
  
  
  def _check_arch_option(arch):
    """Checks that architecture option is valid."""
    if platform_string() == 'windows':
      _windows_arch_option(arch)
    elif platform_string() == 'linux':
      # On linux, we need to be running under docker with the right architecture.
      runtime_arch = platform.architecture()[0]
      if arch == 'default':
        return
      elif runtime_arch == '64bit' and arch == 'x64':
        return
      elif runtime_arch == '32bit' and arch == 'x86':
        return
      else:
        print('Architecture %s does not match current runtime architecture.' % arch)
        sys.exit(1)
    else:
      if args.arch != 'default':
        print('Architecture %s not supported on current platform.' % args.arch)
        sys.exit(1)
  
  
  def _windows_build_bat(compiler):
    """Returns name of build.bat for selected compiler."""
    # For CoreCLR, fall back to the default compiler for C core
    if compiler == 'default' or compiler == 'vs2013':
      return 'vsprojects\\build_vs2013.bat'
    elif compiler == 'vs2015':
      return 'vsprojects\\build_vs2015.bat'
    else:
      print('Compiler %s not supported.' % compiler)
      sys.exit(1)
  
  
  def _windows_toolset_option(compiler):
    """Returns msbuild PlatformToolset for selected compiler."""
    # For CoreCLR, fall back to the default compiler for C core
    if compiler == 'default' or compiler == 'vs2013' or compiler == 'coreclr':
      return '/p:PlatformToolset=v120'
    elif compiler == 'vs2015':
      return '/p:PlatformToolset=v140'
    else:
      print('Compiler %s not supported.' % compiler)
      sys.exit(1)
  
  
  def _docker_arch_suffix(arch):
    """Returns suffix to dockerfile dir to use."""
    if arch == 'default' or arch == 'x64':
      return 'x64'
    elif arch == 'x86':
      return 'x86'
    else:
      print('Architecture %s not supported with current settings.' % arch)
      sys.exit(1)
  
  
  def runs_per_test_type(arg_str):
      """Auxilary function to parse the "runs_per_test" flag.
  
         Returns:
             A positive integer or 0, the latter indicating an infinite number of
             runs.
  
         Raises:
             argparse.ArgumentTypeError: Upon invalid input.
      """
      if arg_str == 'inf':
          return 0
      try:
          n = int(arg_str)
          if n <= 0: raise ValueError
          return n
      except:
          msg = '\'{}\' is not a positive integer or \'inf\''.format(arg_str)
          raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(msg)
  
  
  def percent_type(arg_str):
    pct = float(arg_str)
    if pct > 100 or pct < 0:
      raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
          "'%f' is not a valid percentage in the [0, 100] range" % pct)
    return pct
  
  # This is math.isclose in python >= 3.5
  def isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0):
        return abs(a-b) <= max(rel_tol * max(abs(a), abs(b)), abs_tol)
  
  
  # parse command line
  argp = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run grpc tests.')
  argp.add_argument('-c', '--config',
                    choices=sorted(_CONFIGS.keys()),
                    default='opt')
  argp.add_argument('-n', '--runs_per_test', default=1, type=runs_per_test_type,
          help='A positive integer or "inf". If "inf", all tests will run in an '
               'infinite loop. Especially useful in combination with "-f"')
  argp.add_argument('-r', '--regex', default='.*', type=str)
  argp.add_argument('--regex_exclude', default='', type=str)
  argp.add_argument('-j', '--jobs', default=multiprocessing.cpu_count(), type=int)
  argp.add_argument('-s', '--slowdown', default=1.0, type=float)
  argp.add_argument('-p', '--sample_percent', default=100.0, type=percent_type,
                    help='Run a random sample with that percentage of tests')
  argp.add_argument('-f', '--forever',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True)
  argp.add_argument('-t', '--travis',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True)
  argp.add_argument('--newline_on_success',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True)
  argp.add_argument('-l', '--language',
                    choices=['all'] + sorted(_LANGUAGES.keys()),
                    nargs='+',
                    default=['all'])
  argp.add_argument('-S', '--stop_on_failure',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True)
  argp.add_argument('--use_docker',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True,
                    help='Run all the tests under docker. That provides ' +
                    'additional isolation and prevents the need to install ' +
                    'language specific prerequisites. Only available on Linux.')
  argp.add_argument('--allow_flakes',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True,
                    help='Allow flaky tests to show as passing (re-runs failed tests up to five times)')
  argp.add_argument('--arch',
                    choices=['default', 'x86', 'x64'],
                    default='default',
                    help='Selects architecture to target. For some platforms "default" is the only supported choice.')
  argp.add_argument('--compiler',
                    choices=['default',
                             'gcc4.4', 'gcc4.6', 'gcc4.8', 'gcc4.9', 'gcc5.3', 'gcc_musl',
                             'clang3.4', 'clang3.5', 'clang3.6', 'clang3.7',
                             'vs2013', 'vs2015',
                             'python2.7', 'python3.4', 'python3.5', 'python3.6', 'pypy', 'pypy3', 'python_alpine',
                             'node0.12', 'node4', 'node5', 'node6', 'node7',
                             'electron1.3', 'electron1.6',
                             'coreclr',
                             'cmake'],
                    default='default',
                    help='Selects compiler to use. Allowed values depend on the platform and language.')
  argp.add_argument('--iomgr_platform',
                    choices=['native', 'uv'],
                    default='native',
                    help='Selects iomgr platform to build on')
  argp.add_argument('--build_only',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True,
                    help='Perform all the build steps but don\'t run any tests.')
  argp.add_argument('--measure_cpu_costs', default=False, action='store_const', const=True,
                    help='Measure the cpu costs of tests')
  argp.add_argument('--update_submodules', default=[], nargs='*',
                    help='Update some submodules before building. If any are updated, also run generate_projects. ' +
                         'Submodules are specified as SUBMODULE_NAME:BRANCH; if BRANCH is omitted, master is assumed.')
  argp.add_argument('-a', '--antagonists', default=0, type=int)
  argp.add_argument('-x', '--xml_report', default=None, type=str,
          help='Generates a JUnit-compatible XML report')
  argp.add_argument('--report_suite_name', default='tests', type=str,
          help='Test suite name to use in generated JUnit XML report')
  argp.add_argument('--quiet_success',
                    default=False,
                    action='store_const',
                    const=True,
                    help='Don\'t print anything when a test passes. Passing tests also will not be reported in XML report. ' +
                         'Useful when running many iterations of each test (argument -n).')
  argp.add_argument('--force_default_poller', default=False, action='store_const', const=True,
                    help='Don\'t try to iterate over many polling strategies when they exist')
  argp.add_argument('--max_time', default=-1, type=int, help='Maximum test runtime in seconds')
  argp.add_argument('--bq_result_table',
                    default='',
                    type=str,
                    nargs='?',
                    help='Upload test results to a specified BQ table.')
  args = argp.parse_args()
  
  if args.force_default_poller:
    _POLLING_STRATEGIES = {}
  
  jobset.measure_cpu_costs = args.measure_cpu_costs
  
  # update submodules if necessary
  need_to_regenerate_projects = False
  for spec in args.update_submodules:
    spec = spec.split(':', 1)
    if len(spec) == 1:
      submodule = spec[0]
      branch = 'master'
    elif len(spec) == 2:
      submodule = spec[0]
      branch = spec[1]
    cwd = 'third_party/%s' % submodule
    def git(cmd, cwd=cwd):
      print('in %s: git %s' % (cwd, cmd))
      run_shell_command('git %s' % cmd, cwd=cwd)
    git('fetch')
    git('checkout %s' % branch)
    git('pull origin %s' % branch)
    if os.path.exists('src/%s/gen_build_yaml.py' % submodule):
      need_to_regenerate_projects = True
  if need_to_regenerate_projects:
    if jobset.platform_string() == 'linux':
      run_shell_command('tools/buildgen/generate_projects.sh')
    else:
      print('WARNING: may need to regenerate projects, but since we are not on')
      print('         Linux this step is being skipped. Compilation MAY fail.')
  
  
  # grab config
  run_config = _CONFIGS[args.config]
  build_config = run_config.build_config
  
  if args.travis:
    _FORCE_ENVIRON_FOR_WRAPPERS = {'GRPC_TRACE': 'api'}
  
  if 'all' in args.language:
    lang_list = _LANGUAGES.keys()
  else:
    lang_list = args.language
  # We don't support code coverage on some languages
  if 'gcov' in args.config:
    for bad in ['objc', 'sanity']:
      if bad in lang_list:
        lang_list.remove(bad)
  
  languages = set(_LANGUAGES[l] for l in lang_list)
  for l in languages:
    l.configure(run_config, args)
  
  language_make_options=[]
  if any(language.make_options() for language in languages):
    if not 'gcov' in args.config and len(languages) != 1:
      print('languages with custom make options cannot be built simultaneously with other languages')
      sys.exit(1)
    else:
      # Combining make options is not clean and just happens to work. It allows C/C++ and C# to build
      # together, and is only used under gcov. All other configs should build languages individually.
      language_make_options = list(set([make_option for lang in languages for make_option in lang.make_options()]))
  
  if args.use_docker:
    if not args.travis:
      print('Seen --use_docker flag, will run tests under docker.')
      print('')
      print('IMPORTANT: The changes you are testing need to be locally committed')
      print('because only the committed changes in the current branch will be')
      print('copied to the docker environment.')
      time.sleep(5)
  
    dockerfile_dirs = set([l.dockerfile_dir() for l in languages])
    if len(dockerfile_dirs) > 1:
      if 'gcov' in args.config:
        dockerfile_dir = 'tools/dockerfile/test/multilang_jessie_x64'
        print ('Using multilang_jessie_x64 docker image for code coverage for '
               'all languages.')
      else:
        print ('Languages to be tested require running under different docker '
               'images.')
        sys.exit(1)
    else:
      dockerfile_dir = next(iter(dockerfile_dirs))
  
    child_argv = [ arg for arg in sys.argv if not arg == '--use_docker' ]
    run_tests_cmd = 'python tools/run_tests/run_tests.py %s' % ' '.join(child_argv[1:])
  
    env = os.environ.copy()
    env['RUN_TESTS_COMMAND'] = run_tests_cmd
    env['DOCKERFILE_DIR'] = dockerfile_dir
    env['DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT'] = 'tools/run_tests/dockerize/docker_run_tests.sh'
    if args.xml_report:
      env['XML_REPORT'] = args.xml_report
    if not args.travis:
      env['TTY_FLAG'] = '-t'  # enables Ctrl-C when not on Jenkins.
  
    subprocess.check_call('tools/run_tests/dockerize/build_docker_and_run_tests.sh',
                          shell=True,
                          env=env)
    sys.exit(0)
  
  _check_arch_option(args.arch)
  
  def make_jobspec(cfg, targets, makefile='Makefile'):
    if platform_string() == 'windows':
      if makefile.startswith('cmake/build/'):
        return [jobset.JobSpec(['cmake', '--build', '.',
                                '--target', '%s' % target,
                                '--config', _MSBUILD_CONFIG[cfg]],
                               cwd=os.path.dirname(makefile),
                               timeout_seconds=None) for target in targets]
      extra_args = []
      # better do parallel compilation
      # empirically /m:2 gives the best performance/price and should prevent
      # overloading the windows workers.
      extra_args.extend(['/m:2'])
      # disable PDB generation: it's broken, and we don't need it during CI
      extra_args.extend(['/p:Jenkins=true'])
      return [
        jobset.JobSpec([_windows_build_bat(args.compiler),
                        'vsprojects\\%s.sln' % target,
                        '/p:Configuration=%s' % _MSBUILD_CONFIG[cfg]] +
                        extra_args +
                        language_make_options,
                        shell=True, timeout_seconds=None)
        for target in targets]
    else:
      if targets and makefile.startswith('cmake/build/'):
        # With cmake, we've passed all the build configuration in the pre-build step already
        return [jobset.JobSpec([os.getenv('MAKE', 'make'),
                                '-j', '%d' % args.jobs] +
                               targets,
                               cwd='cmake/build',
                               timeout_seconds=None)]
      if targets:
        return [jobset.JobSpec([os.getenv('MAKE', 'make'),
                                '-f', makefile,
                                '-j', '%d' % args.jobs,
                                'EXTRA_DEFINES=GRPC_TEST_SLOWDOWN_MACHINE_FACTOR=%f' % args.slowdown,
                                'CONFIG=%s' % cfg,
                                'Q='] +
                                language_make_options +
                               ([] if not args.travis else ['JENKINS_BUILD=1']) +
                               targets,
                               timeout_seconds=None)]
      else:
        return []
  
  make_targets = {}
  for l in languages:
    makefile = l.makefile_name()
    make_targets[makefile] = make_targets.get(makefile, set()).union(
        set(l.make_targets()))
  
  def build_step_environ(cfg):
    environ = {'CONFIG': cfg}
    msbuild_cfg = _MSBUILD_CONFIG.get(cfg)
    if msbuild_cfg:
      environ['MSBUILD_CONFIG'] = msbuild_cfg
    return environ
  
  build_steps = list(set(
                     jobset.JobSpec(cmdline, environ=build_step_environ(build_config), flake_retries=5)
                     for l in languages
                     for cmdline in l.pre_build_steps()))
  if make_targets:
    make_commands = itertools.chain.from_iterable(make_jobspec(build_config, list(targets), makefile) for (makefile, targets) in make_targets.items())
    build_steps.extend(set(make_commands))
  build_steps.extend(set(
                     jobset.JobSpec(cmdline, environ=build_step_environ(build_config), timeout_seconds=None)
                     for l in languages
                     for cmdline in l.build_steps()))
  
  post_tests_steps = list(set(
                          jobset.JobSpec(cmdline, environ=build_step_environ(build_config))
                          for l in languages
                          for cmdline in l.post_tests_steps()))
  runs_per_test = args.runs_per_test
  forever = args.forever
  
  
  def _shut_down_legacy_server(legacy_server_port):
    try:
      version = int(urllib.request.urlopen(
          'http://localhost:%d/version_number' % legacy_server_port,
          timeout=10).read())
    except:
      pass
    else:
      urllib.request.urlopen(
          'http://localhost:%d/quitquitquit' % legacy_server_port).read()
  
  
  def _calculate_num_runs_failures(list_of_results):
    """Caculate number of runs and failures for a particular test.
  
    Args:
      list_of_results: (List) of JobResult object.
    Returns:
      A tuple of total number of runs and failures.
    """
    num_runs = len(list_of_results)  # By default, there is 1 run per JobResult.
    num_failures = 0
    for jobresult in list_of_results:
      if jobresult.retries > 0:
        num_runs += jobresult.retries
      if jobresult.num_failures > 0:
        num_failures += jobresult.num_failures
    return num_runs, num_failures
  
  
  # _build_and_run results
  class BuildAndRunError(object):
  
    BUILD = object()
    TEST = object()
    POST_TEST = object()
  
  
  def _has_epollexclusive():
    try:
      subprocess.check_call('bins/%s/check_epollexclusive' % args.config)
      return True
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError, e:
      return False
    except OSError, e:
      # For languages other than C and Windows the binary won't exist
      return False
  
  
  # returns a list of things that failed (or an empty list on success)
  def _build_and_run(
      check_cancelled, newline_on_success, xml_report=None, build_only=False):
    """Do one pass of building & running tests."""
    # build latest sequentially
    num_failures, resultset = jobset.run(
        build_steps, maxjobs=1, stop_on_failure=True,
        newline_on_success=newline_on_success, travis=args.travis)
    if num_failures:
      return [BuildAndRunError.BUILD]
  
    if build_only:
      if xml_report:
        report_utils.render_junit_xml_report(resultset, xml_report,
                                             suite_name=args.report_suite_name)
      return []
  
    if not args.travis and not _has_epollexclusive() and platform_string() in _POLLING_STRATEGIES and 'epollex' in _POLLING_STRATEGIES[platform_string()]:
      print('\n\nOmitting EPOLLEXCLUSIVE tests\n\n')
      _POLLING_STRATEGIES[platform_string()].remove('epollex')
  
    # start antagonists
    antagonists = [subprocess.Popen(['tools/run_tests/python_utils/antagonist.py'])
                   for _ in range(0, args.antagonists)]
    start_port_server.start_port_server()
    resultset = None
    num_test_failures = 0
    try:
      infinite_runs = runs_per_test == 0
      one_run = set(
        spec
        for language in languages
        for spec in language.test_specs()
        if (re.search(args.regex, spec.shortname) and
            (args.regex_exclude == '' or
             not re.search(args.regex_exclude, spec.shortname))))
      # When running on travis, we want out test runs to be as similar as possible
      # for reproducibility purposes.
      if args.travis and args.max_time <= 0:
        massaged_one_run = sorted(one_run, key=lambda x: x.shortname)
      else:
        # whereas otherwise, we want to shuffle things up to give all tests a
        # chance to run.
        massaged_one_run = list(one_run)  # random.sample needs an indexable seq.
        num_jobs = len(massaged_one_run)
        # for a random sample, get as many as indicated by the 'sample_percent'
        # argument. By default this arg is 100, resulting in a shuffle of all
        # jobs.
        sample_size = int(num_jobs * args.sample_percent/100.0)
        massaged_one_run = random.sample(massaged_one_run, sample_size)
        if not isclose(args.sample_percent, 100.0):
          assert args.runs_per_test == 1, "Can't do sampling (-p) over multiple runs (-n)."
          print("Running %d tests out of %d (~%d%%)" %
                (sample_size, num_jobs, args.sample_percent))
      if infinite_runs:
        assert len(massaged_one_run) > 0, 'Must have at least one test for a -n inf run'
      runs_sequence = (itertools.repeat(massaged_one_run) if infinite_runs
                       else itertools.repeat(massaged_one_run, runs_per_test))
      all_runs = itertools.chain.from_iterable(runs_sequence)
  
      if args.quiet_success:
        jobset.message('START', 'Running tests quietly, only failing tests will be reported', do_newline=True)
      num_test_failures, resultset = jobset.run(
          all_runs, check_cancelled, newline_on_success=newline_on_success,
          travis=args.travis, maxjobs=args.jobs,
          stop_on_failure=args.stop_on_failure,
          quiet_success=args.quiet_success, max_time=args.max_time)
      if resultset:
        for k, v in sorted(resultset.items()):
          num_runs, num_failures = _calculate_num_runs_failures(v)
          if num_failures > 0:
            if num_failures == num_runs:  # what about infinite_runs???
              jobset.message('FAILED', k, do_newline=True)
            else:
              jobset.message(
                  'FLAKE', '%s [%d/%d runs flaked]' % (k, num_failures, num_runs),
                  do_newline=True)
    finally:
      for antagonist in antagonists:
        antagonist.kill()
      if args.bq_result_table and resultset:
        upload_results_to_bq(resultset, args.bq_result_table, args, platform_string())
      if xml_report and resultset:
        report_utils.render_junit_xml_report(resultset, xml_report,
                                             suite_name=args.report_suite_name)
  
    number_failures, _ = jobset.run(
        post_tests_steps, maxjobs=1, stop_on_failure=True,
        newline_on_success=newline_on_success, travis=args.travis)
  
    out = []
    if number_failures:
      out.append(BuildAndRunError.POST_TEST)
    if num_test_failures:
      out.append(BuildAndRunError.TEST)
  
    return out
  
  
  if forever:
    success = True
    while True:
      dw = watch_dirs.DirWatcher(['src', 'include', 'test', 'examples'])
      initial_time = dw.most_recent_change()
      have_files_changed = lambda: dw.most_recent_change() != initial_time
      previous_success = success
      errors = _build_and_run(check_cancelled=have_files_changed,
                              newline_on_success=False,
                              build_only=args.build_only) == 0
      if not previous_success and not errors:
        jobset.message('SUCCESS',
                       'All tests are now passing properly',
                       do_newline=True)
      jobset.message('IDLE', 'No change detected')
      while not have_files_changed():
        time.sleep(1)
  else:
    errors = _build_and_run(check_cancelled=lambda: False,
                            newline_on_success=args.newline_on_success,
                            xml_report=args.xml_report,
                            build_only=args.build_only)
    if not errors:
      jobset.message('SUCCESS', 'All tests passed', do_newline=True)
    else:
      jobset.message('FAILED', 'Some tests failed', do_newline=True)
    exit_code = 0
    if BuildAndRunError.BUILD in errors:
      exit_code |= 1
    if BuildAndRunError.TEST in errors:
      exit_code |= 2
    if BuildAndRunError.POST_TEST in errors:
      exit_code |= 4
    sys.exit(exit_code)
  