text: /*
  * All or portions of this file Copyright (c) Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates or
  * its licensors.
  *
  * For complete copyright and license terms please see the LICENSE at the root of this
  * distribution (the "License"). All use of this software is governed by the License,
  * or, if provided, by the license below or the license accompanying this file. Do not
  * remove or modify any license notices. This file is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  *
  */
  // Original file Copyright Crytek GMBH or its affiliates, used under license.
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  //
  //  Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.
  //
  //  File:       d3dx12.h
  //  Content:    D3DX12 utility library
  //
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  #ifndef __D3DX12_H__
  #define __D3DX12_H__
  
  #include "d3d12.h"
  
  #if defined(__cplusplus)
  
  struct CD3DX12_DEFAULT {};
  extern const DECLSPEC_SELECTANY CD3DX12_DEFAULT D3D12_DEFAULT;
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline bool operator==(const D3D12_VIEWPORT& l, const D3D12_VIEWPORT& r)
  {
      return l.TopLeftX == r.TopLeftX && l.TopLeftY == r.TopLeftY && l.Width == r.Width &&
             l.Height == r.Height && l.MinDepth == r.MinDepth && l.MaxDepth == r.MaxDepth;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline bool operator!=(const D3D12_VIEWPORT& l, const D3D12_VIEWPORT& r)
  {
      return !(l == r);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_RECT
      : public D3D12_RECT
  {
      CD3DX12_RECT()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RECT(const D3D12_RECT& o)
          : D3D12_RECT(o)
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RECT(
          LONG Left,
          LONG Top,
          LONG Right,
          LONG Bottom)
      {
          left = Left;
          top = Top;
          right = Right;
          bottom = Bottom;
      }
      ~CD3DX12_RECT() {}
      operator const D3D12_RECT& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_BOX
      : public D3D12_BOX
  {
      CD3DX12_BOX()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_BOX(const D3D12_BOX& o)
          : D3D12_BOX(o)
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_BOX(
          LONG Left,
          LONG Right)
      {
          left = Left;
          top = 0;
          front = 0;
          right = Right;
          bottom = 1;
          back = 1;
      }
      explicit CD3DX12_BOX(
          LONG Left,
          LONG Top,
          LONG Right,
          LONG Bottom)
      {
          left = Left;
          top = Top;
          front = 0;
          right = Right;
          bottom = Bottom;
          back = 1;
      }
      explicit CD3DX12_BOX(
          LONG Left,
          LONG Top,
          LONG Front,
          LONG Right,
          LONG Bottom,
          LONG Back)
      {
          left = Left;
          top = Top;
          front = Front;
          right = Right;
          bottom = Bottom;
          back = Back;
      }
      ~CD3DX12_BOX() {}
      operator const D3D12_BOX& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  inline bool operator==(const D3D12_BOX& l, const D3D12_BOX& r)
  {
      return l.left == r.left && l.top == r.top && l.front == r.front &&
             l.right == r.right && l.bottom == r.bottom && l.back == r.back;
  }
  inline bool operator!=(const D3D12_BOX& l, const D3D12_BOX& r)
  {
      return !(l == r);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC
      : public D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(const D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(o)
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(CD3DX12_DEFAULT)
      {
          DepthEnable = TRUE;
          DepthWriteMask = D3D12_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
          DepthFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_LESS;
          StencilEnable = FALSE;
          StencilReadMask = D3D12_DEFAULT_STENCIL_READ_MASK;
          StencilWriteMask = D3D12_DEFAULT_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK;
          const D3D12_DEPTH_STENCILOP_DESC defaultStencilOp =
          { D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP, D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP, D3D12_STENCIL_OP_KEEP, D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_ALWAYS };
          FrontFace = defaultStencilOp;
          BackFace = defaultStencilOp;
      }
      explicit CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(
          BOOL depthEnable,
          D3D12_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK depthWriteMask,
          D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC depthFunc,
          BOOL stencilEnable,
          UINT8 stencilReadMask,
          UINT8 stencilWriteMask,
          D3D12_STENCIL_OP frontStencilFailOp,
          D3D12_STENCIL_OP frontStencilDepthFailOp,
          D3D12_STENCIL_OP frontStencilPassOp,
          D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC frontStencilFunc,
          D3D12_STENCIL_OP backStencilFailOp,
          D3D12_STENCIL_OP backStencilDepthFailOp,
          D3D12_STENCIL_OP backStencilPassOp,
          D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC backStencilFunc)
      {
          DepthEnable = depthEnable;
          DepthWriteMask = depthWriteMask;
          DepthFunc = depthFunc;
          StencilEnable = stencilEnable;
          StencilReadMask = stencilReadMask;
          StencilWriteMask = stencilWriteMask;
          FrontFace.StencilFailOp = frontStencilFailOp;
          FrontFace.StencilDepthFailOp = frontStencilDepthFailOp;
          FrontFace.StencilPassOp = frontStencilPassOp;
          FrontFace.StencilFunc = frontStencilFunc;
          BackFace.StencilFailOp = backStencilFailOp;
          BackFace.StencilDepthFailOp = backStencilDepthFailOp;
          BackFace.StencilPassOp = backStencilPassOp;
          BackFace.StencilFunc = backStencilFunc;
      }
      ~CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC() {}
      operator const D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC
      : public D3D12_BLEND_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(const D3D12_BLEND_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_BLEND_DESC(o)
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(CD3DX12_DEFAULT)
      {
          AlphaToCoverageEnable = FALSE;
          IndependentBlendEnable = FALSE;
          const D3D12_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC defaultRenderTargetBlendDesc =
          {
              FALSE, FALSE,
              D3D12_BLEND_ONE, D3D12_BLEND_ZERO, D3D12_BLEND_OP_ADD,
              D3D12_BLEND_ONE, D3D12_BLEND_ZERO, D3D12_BLEND_OP_ADD,
              D3D12_LOGIC_OP_NOOP,
              D3D12_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL,
          };
          for (UINT i = 0; i < D3D12_SIMULTANEOUS_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT; ++i)
          {
              RenderTarget[ i ] = defaultRenderTargetBlendDesc;
          }
      }
      ~CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC() {}
      operator const D3D12_BLEND_DESC& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC
      : public D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(const D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC(o)
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(CD3DX12_DEFAULT)
      {
          FillMode = D3D12_FILL_MODE_SOLID;
          CullMode = D3D12_CULL_MODE_BACK;
          FrontCounterClockwise = FALSE;
          DepthBias = D3D12_DEFAULT_DEPTH_BIAS;
          DepthBiasClamp = D3D12_DEFAULT_DEPTH_BIAS_CLAMP;
          SlopeScaledDepthBias = D3D12_DEFAULT_SLOPE_SCALED_DEPTH_BIAS;
          DepthClipEnable = TRUE;
          MultisampleEnable = FALSE;
          AntialiasedLineEnable = FALSE;
          ForcedSampleCount = 0;
          ConservativeRaster = D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_MODE_OFF;
      }
      explicit CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(
          D3D12_FILL_MODE fillMode,
          D3D12_CULL_MODE cullMode,
          BOOL frontCounterClockwise,
          INT depthBias,
          FLOAT depthBiasClamp,
          FLOAT slopeScaledDepthBias,
          BOOL depthClipEnable,
          BOOL multisampleEnable,
          BOOL antialiasedLineEnable,
          UINT forcedSampleCount,
          D3D12_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_MODE conservativeRaster)
      {
          FillMode = fillMode;
          CullMode = cullMode;
          FrontCounterClockwise = frontCounterClockwise;
          DepthBias = depthBias;
          DepthBiasClamp = depthBiasClamp;
          SlopeScaledDepthBias = slopeScaledDepthBias;
          DepthClipEnable = depthClipEnable;
          MultisampleEnable = multisampleEnable;
          AntialiasedLineEnable = antialiasedLineEnable;
          ForcedSampleCount = forcedSampleCount;
          ConservativeRaster = conservativeRaster;
      }
      ~CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC() {}
      operator const D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO
      : public D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO
  {
      CD3DX12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO(const D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO& o)
          : D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO(
          UINT64 size,
          UINT64 alignment)
      {
          SizeInBytes = size;
          Alignment = alignment;
      }
      operator const D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES
      : public D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES
  {
      CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES& o)
          : D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(
          D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY cpuPageProperty,
          D3D12_MEMORY_POOL memoryPoolPreference,
          UINT creationNodeMask = 1,
          UINT nodeMask = 1)
      {
          Type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_CUSTOM;
          CPUPageProperty = cpuPageProperty;
          MemoryPoolPreference = memoryPoolPreference;
          CreationNodeMask = creationNodeMask;
          VisibleNodeMask = nodeMask;
      }
      explicit CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(
          D3D12_HEAP_TYPE type,
          UINT creationNodeMask = 1,
          UINT nodeMask = 1)
      {
          Type = type;
          CPUPageProperty = D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY_UNKNOWN;
          MemoryPoolPreference = D3D12_MEMORY_POOL_UNKNOWN;
          CreationNodeMask = creationNodeMask;
          VisibleNodeMask = nodeMask;
      }
      operator const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
      bool IsCPUAccessible() const
      {
          return Type == D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD || Type == D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK || (Type == D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_CUSTOM &&
                                                                                        (CPUPageProperty == D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY_WRITE_COMBINE || CPUPageProperty == D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY_WRITE_BACK));
      }
  };
  inline bool operator==(const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES& l, const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES& r)
  {
      return l.Type == r.Type && l.CPUPageProperty == r.CPUPageProperty &&
             l.MemoryPoolPreference == r.MemoryPoolPreference &&
             l.CreationNodeMask == r.CreationNodeMask &&
             l.VisibleNodeMask == r.VisibleNodeMask;
  }
  inline bool operator!=(const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES& l, const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES& r)
  {
      return !(l == r);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC
      : public D3D12_HEAP_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(const D3D12_HEAP_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_HEAP_DESC(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(
          UINT64 size,
          D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES properties,
          UINT64 alignment = 0,
          D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          SizeInBytes = size;
          Properties = properties;
          Alignment = alignment;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(
          UINT64 size,
          D3D12_HEAP_TYPE type,
          UINT64 alignment = 0,
          D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          SizeInBytes = size;
          Properties = CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(type);
          Alignment = alignment;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(
          UINT64 size,
          D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY cpuPageProperty,
          D3D12_MEMORY_POOL memoryPoolPreference,
          UINT64 alignment = 0,
          D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          SizeInBytes = size;
          Properties = CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(cpuPageProperty, memoryPoolPreference);
          Alignment = alignment;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(
          const D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO& resAllocInfo,
          D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES properties,
          D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          SizeInBytes = resAllocInfo.SizeInBytes;
          Properties = properties;
          Alignment = resAllocInfo.Alignment;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(
          const D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO& resAllocInfo,
          D3D12_HEAP_TYPE type,
          D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          SizeInBytes = resAllocInfo.SizeInBytes;
          Properties = CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(type);
          Alignment = resAllocInfo.Alignment;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      CD3DX12_HEAP_DESC(
          const D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO& resAllocInfo,
          D3D12_CPU_PAGE_PROPERTY cpuPageProperty,
          D3D12_MEMORY_POOL memoryPoolPreference,
          D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS flags = D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          SizeInBytes = resAllocInfo.SizeInBytes;
          Properties = CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(cpuPageProperty, memoryPoolPreference);
          Alignment = resAllocInfo.Alignment;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      operator const D3D12_HEAP_DESC& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
      bool IsCPUAccessible() const
      {
          return static_cast< const CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES* >(&Properties)->IsCPUAccessible();
      }
  };
  inline bool operator==(const D3D12_HEAP_DESC& l, const D3D12_HEAP_DESC& r)
  {
      return l.SizeInBytes == r.SizeInBytes &&
             l.Properties == r.Properties &&
             l.Alignment == r.Alignment &&
             l.Flags == r.Flags;
  }
  inline bool operator!=(const D3D12_HEAP_DESC& l, const D3D12_HEAP_DESC& r)
  {
      return !(l == r);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_CLEAR_VALUE
      : public D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE
  {
      CD3DX12_CLEAR_VALUE()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_CLEAR_VALUE(const D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE& o)
          : D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_CLEAR_VALUE(
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          const FLOAT color[4])
      {
          Format = format;
          memcpy(Color, color, sizeof(Color));
      }
      CD3DX12_CLEAR_VALUE(
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          FLOAT depth,
          UINT8 stencil)
      {
          Format = format;
          /* Use memcpy to preserve NAN values */
          memcpy(&DepthStencil.Depth, &depth, sizeof(depth));
          DepthStencil.Stencil = stencil;
      }
      operator const D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_RANGE
      : public D3D12_RANGE
  {
      CD3DX12_RANGE()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RANGE(const D3D12_RANGE& o)
          : D3D12_RANGE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_RANGE(
          SIZE_T begin,
          SIZE_T end)
      {
          Begin = begin;
          End = end;
      }
      operator const D3D12_RANGE& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE
      : public D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE
  {
      CD3DX12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE(const D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE& o)
          : D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE(
          UINT x,
          UINT y,
          UINT z,
          UINT subresource)
      {
          X = x;
          Y = y;
          Z = z;
          Subresource = subresource;
      }
      operator const D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_TILE_REGION_SIZE
      : public D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE
  {
      CD3DX12_TILE_REGION_SIZE()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_TILE_REGION_SIZE(const D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE& o)
          : D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_TILE_REGION_SIZE(
          UINT numTiles,
          BOOL useBox,
          UINT width,
          UINT16 height,
          UINT16 depth)
      {
          NumTiles = numTiles;
          UseBox = useBox;
          Width = width;
          Height = height;
          Depth = depth;
      }
      operator const D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING
      : public D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING
  {
      CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING(const D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING& o)
          : D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING(
          UINT widthInTiles,
          UINT16 heightInTiles,
          UINT16 depthInTiles,
          UINT startTileIndexInOverallResource)
      {
          WidthInTiles = widthInTiles;
          HeightInTiles = heightInTiles;
          DepthInTiles = depthInTiles;
          StartTileIndexInOverallResource = startTileIndexInOverallResource;
      }
      operator const D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_TILING& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_TILE_SHAPE
      : public D3D12_TILE_SHAPE
  {
      CD3DX12_TILE_SHAPE()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_TILE_SHAPE(const D3D12_TILE_SHAPE& o)
          : D3D12_TILE_SHAPE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_TILE_SHAPE(
          UINT widthInTexels,
          UINT heightInTexels,
          UINT depthInTexels)
      {
          WidthInTexels = widthInTexels;
          HeightInTexels = heightInTexels;
          DepthInTexels = depthInTexels;
      }
      operator const D3D12_TILE_SHAPE& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER
      : public D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER
  {
      CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER(const D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER& o)
          : D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER(o)
      {}
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER Transition(
          _In_ ID3D12Resource* pResource,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES stateBefore,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES stateAfter,
          UINT subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAGS flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER result;
          ZeroMemory(&result, sizeof(result));
          D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER& barrier = result;
          result.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;
          result.Flags = flags;
          barrier.Transition.pResource = pResource;
          barrier.Transition.StateBefore = stateBefore;
          barrier.Transition.StateAfter = stateAfter;
          barrier.Transition.Subresource = subresource;
          return result;
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER Aliasing(
          _In_ ID3D12Resource* pResourceBefore,
          _In_ ID3D12Resource* pResourceAfter)
      {
          CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER result;
          ZeroMemory(&result, sizeof(result));
          D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER& barrier = result;
          result.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_ALIASING;
          barrier.Aliasing.pResourceBefore = pResourceBefore;
          barrier.Aliasing.pResourceAfter = pResourceAfter;
          return result;
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER UAV(
          _In_ ID3D12Resource* pResource)
      {
          CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER result;
          ZeroMemory(&result, sizeof(result));
          D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER& barrier = result;
          result.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_UAV;
          barrier.UAV.pResource = pResource;
          return result;
      }
      operator const D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_PACKED_MIP_INFO
      : public D3D12_PACKED_MIP_INFO
  {
      CD3DX12_PACKED_MIP_INFO()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_PACKED_MIP_INFO(const D3D12_PACKED_MIP_INFO& o)
          : D3D12_PACKED_MIP_INFO(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_PACKED_MIP_INFO(
          UINT8 numStandardMips,
          UINT8 numPackedMips,
          UINT numTilesForPackedMips,
          UINT startTileIndexInOverallResource)
      {
          NumStandardMips = numStandardMips;
          NumPackedMips = numPackedMips;
          NumTilesForPackedMips = numTilesForPackedMips;
          StartTileIndexInOverallResource = startTileIndexInOverallResource;
      }
      operator const D3D12_PACKED_MIP_INFO& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT
      : public D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT
  {
      CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT(const D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT& o)
          : D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT(
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          UINT width,
          UINT height,
          UINT depth,
          UINT rowPitch)
      {
          Format = format;
          Width = width;
          Height = height;
          Depth = depth;
          RowPitch = rowPitch;
      }
      explicit CD3DX12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT(
          const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& resDesc,
          UINT rowPitch)
      {
          Format = resDesc.Format;
          Width = UINT(resDesc.Width);
          Height = resDesc.Height;
          Depth = (resDesc.Dimension == D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D ? resDesc.DepthOrArraySize : 1);
          RowPitch = rowPitch;
      }
      operator const D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION
      : public D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION
  {
      CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION(const D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION& o)
          : D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION(ID3D12Resource* pRes)
      {
          pResource = pRes;
      }
      CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION(ID3D12Resource* pRes, D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT const& Footprint)
      {
          pResource = pRes;
          Type = D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_TYPE_PLACED_FOOTPRINT;
          PlacedFootprint = Footprint;
      }
      CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION(ID3D12Resource* pRes, UINT Sub)
      {
          pResource = pRes;
          Type = D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_TYPE_SUBRESOURCE_INDEX;
          SubresourceIndex = Sub;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE
      : public D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE
  {
      CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE() { }
      explicit CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE(const D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE& o)
          : D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE(
          D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE rangeType,
          UINT numDescriptors,
          UINT baseShaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          UINT offsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart =
              D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND)
      {
          Init(rangeType, numDescriptors, baseShaderRegister, registerSpace, offsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart);
      }
  
      inline void Init(
          D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE rangeType,
          UINT numDescriptors,
          UINT baseShaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          UINT offsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart =
              D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND)
      {
          Init(*this, rangeType, numDescriptors, baseShaderRegister, registerSpace, offsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart);
      }
  
      static inline void Init(
          _Out_ D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE& range,
          D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE rangeType,
          UINT numDescriptors,
          UINT baseShaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          UINT offsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart =
              D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND)
      {
          range.RangeType = rangeType;
          range.NumDescriptors = numDescriptors;
          range.BaseShaderRegister = baseShaderRegister;
          range.RegisterSpace = registerSpace;
          range.OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart = offsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE
      : public D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE
  {
      CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE(const D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE& o)
          : D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE(
          UINT numDescriptorRanges,
          _In_reads_opt_(numDescriptorRanges) const D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE* _pDescriptorRanges)
      {
          Init(numDescriptorRanges, _pDescriptorRanges);
      }
  
      inline void Init(
          UINT numDescriptorRanges,
          _In_reads_opt_(numDescriptorRanges) const D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE* _pDescriptorRanges)
      {
          Init(*this, numDescriptorRanges, _pDescriptorRanges);
      }
  
      static inline void Init(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE& rootDescriptorTable,
          UINT numDescriptorRanges,
          _In_reads_opt_(numDescriptorRanges) const D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE* _pDescriptorRanges)
      {
          rootDescriptorTable.NumDescriptorRanges = numDescriptorRanges;
          rootDescriptorTable.pDescriptorRanges = _pDescriptorRanges;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_ROOT_CONSTANTS
      : public D3D12_ROOT_CONSTANTS
  {
      CD3DX12_ROOT_CONSTANTS() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_ROOT_CONSTANTS(const D3D12_ROOT_CONSTANTS& o)
          : D3D12_ROOT_CONSTANTS(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_ROOT_CONSTANTS(
          UINT num32BitValues,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          Init(num32BitValues, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      inline void Init(
          UINT num32BitValues,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          Init(*this, num32BitValues, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      static inline void Init(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_CONSTANTS& rootConstants,
          UINT num32BitValues,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          rootConstants.Num32BitValues = num32BitValues;
          rootConstants.ShaderRegister = shaderRegister;
          rootConstants.RegisterSpace = registerSpace;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR
      : public D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR
  {
      CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR(const D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR& o)
          : D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          Init(shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      inline void Init(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          Init(*this, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      static inline void Init(_Out_ D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR& table, UINT shaderRegister, UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          table.ShaderRegister = shaderRegister;
          table.RegisterSpace = registerSpace;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER
      : public D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER
  {
      CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER(const D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER& o)
          : D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER(o)
      {}
  
      static inline void InitAsDescriptorTable(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER& rootParam,
          UINT numDescriptorRanges,
          _In_reads_(numDescriptorRanges) const D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE* pDescriptorRanges,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          rootParam.ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE;
          rootParam.ShaderVisibility = visibility;
          CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE::Init(rootParam.DescriptorTable, numDescriptorRanges, pDescriptorRanges);
      }
  
      static inline void InitAsConstants(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER& rootParam,
          UINT num32BitValues,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          rootParam.ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_32BIT_CONSTANTS;
          rootParam.ShaderVisibility = visibility;
          CD3DX12_ROOT_CONSTANTS::Init(rootParam.Constants, num32BitValues, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      static inline void InitAsConstantBufferView(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER& rootParam,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          rootParam.ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_CBV;
          rootParam.ShaderVisibility = visibility;
          CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR::Init(rootParam.Descriptor, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      static inline void InitAsShaderResourceView(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER& rootParam,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          rootParam.ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_SRV;
          rootParam.ShaderVisibility = visibility;
          CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR::Init(rootParam.Descriptor, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      static inline void InitAsUnorderedAccessView(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER& rootParam,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          rootParam.ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_UAV;
          rootParam.ShaderVisibility = visibility;
          CD3DX12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR::Init(rootParam.Descriptor, shaderRegister, registerSpace);
      }
  
      inline void InitAsDescriptorTable(
          UINT numDescriptorRanges,
          _In_reads_(numDescriptorRanges) const D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE* pDescriptorRanges,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          InitAsDescriptorTable(*this, numDescriptorRanges, pDescriptorRanges, visibility);
      }
  
      inline void InitAsConstants(
          UINT num32BitValues,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          InitAsConstants(*this, num32BitValues, shaderRegister, registerSpace, visibility);
      }
  
      inline void InitAsConstantBufferView(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          InitAsConstantBufferView(*this, shaderRegister, registerSpace, visibility);
      }
  
      inline void InitAsShaderResourceView(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          InitAsShaderResourceView(*this, shaderRegister, registerSpace, visibility);
      }
  
      inline void InitAsUnorderedAccessView(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          UINT registerSpace = 0,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY visibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL)
      {
          InitAsUnorderedAccessView(*this, shaderRegister, registerSpace, visibility);
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC
      : public D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC(const D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          D3D12_FILTER filter = D3D12_FILTER_ANISOTROPIC,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressU = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressV = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressW = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          FLOAT mipLODBias = 0,
          UINT maxAnisotropy = 16,
          D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC comparisonFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_LESS_EQUAL,
          D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR borderColor = D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR_OPAQUE_WHITE,
          FLOAT minLOD = 0.f,
          FLOAT maxLOD = D3D12_FLOAT32_MAX,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY shaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          Init(
              shaderRegister,
              filter,
              addressU,
              addressV,
              addressW,
              mipLODBias,
              maxAnisotropy,
              comparisonFunc,
              borderColor,
              minLOD,
              maxLOD,
              shaderVisibility,
              registerSpace);
      }
  
      static inline void Init(
          _Out_ D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC& samplerDesc,
          UINT shaderRegister,
          D3D12_FILTER filter = D3D12_FILTER_ANISOTROPIC,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressU = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressV = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressW = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          FLOAT mipLODBias = 0,
          UINT maxAnisotropy = 16,
          D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC comparisonFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_LESS_EQUAL,
          D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR borderColor = D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR_OPAQUE_WHITE,
          FLOAT minLOD = 0.f,
          FLOAT maxLOD = D3D12_FLOAT32_MAX,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY shaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          samplerDesc.ShaderRegister = shaderRegister;
          samplerDesc.Filter = filter;
          samplerDesc.AddressU = addressU;
          samplerDesc.AddressV = addressV;
          samplerDesc.AddressW = addressW;
          samplerDesc.MipLODBias = mipLODBias;
          samplerDesc.MaxAnisotropy = maxAnisotropy;
          samplerDesc.ComparisonFunc = comparisonFunc;
          samplerDesc.BorderColor = borderColor;
          samplerDesc.MinLOD = minLOD;
          samplerDesc.MaxLOD = maxLOD;
          samplerDesc.ShaderVisibility = shaderVisibility;
          samplerDesc.RegisterSpace = registerSpace;
      }
      inline void Init(
          UINT shaderRegister,
          D3D12_FILTER filter = D3D12_FILTER_ANISOTROPIC,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressU = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressV = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE addressW = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,
          FLOAT mipLODBias = 0,
          UINT maxAnisotropy = 16,
          D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC comparisonFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_LESS_EQUAL,
          D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR borderColor = D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR_OPAQUE_WHITE,
          FLOAT minLOD = 0.f,
          FLOAT maxLOD = D3D12_FLOAT32_MAX,
          D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY shaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL,
          UINT registerSpace = 0)
      {
          Init(
              *this,
              shaderRegister,
              filter,
              addressU,
              addressV,
              addressW,
              mipLODBias,
              maxAnisotropy,
              comparisonFunc,
              borderColor,
              minLOD,
              maxLOD,
              shaderVisibility,
              registerSpace);
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC
      : public D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC(const D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC(
          UINT numParameters,
          _In_reads_opt_(numParameters) const D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER* _pParameters,
          UINT numStaticSamplers = 0,
          _In_reads_opt_(numStaticSamplers) const D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC* _pStaticSamplers = NULL,
          D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          Init(numParameters, _pParameters, numStaticSamplers, _pStaticSamplers, flags);
      }
      CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC(CD3DX12_DEFAULT)
      {
          Init(0, NULL, 0, NULL, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE);
      }
  
      inline void Init(
          UINT numParameters,
          _In_reads_opt_(numParameters) const D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER* _pParameters,
          UINT numStaticSamplers = 0,
          _In_reads_opt_(numStaticSamplers) const D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC* _pStaticSamplers = NULL,
          D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          Init(*this, numParameters, _pParameters, numStaticSamplers, _pStaticSamplers, flags);
      }
  
      static inline void Init(
          _Out_ D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC& desc,
          UINT numParameters,
          _In_reads_opt_(numParameters) const D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER* _pParameters,
          UINT numStaticSamplers = 0,
          _In_reads_opt_(numStaticSamplers) const D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC* _pStaticSamplers = NULL,
          D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          desc.NumParameters = numParameters;
          desc.pParameters = _pParameters;
          desc.NumStaticSamplers = numStaticSamplers;
          desc.pStaticSamplers = _pStaticSamplers;
          desc.Flags = flags;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE
      : public D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE
  {
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& o)
          : D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(CD3DX12_DEFAULT)
      {
          ptr = 0;
      }
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(_In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other, INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(other, offsetScaledByIncrementSize);
      }
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(_In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other, INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(other, offsetInDescriptors, descriptorIncrementSize);
      }
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& Offset(INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          ptr += offsetInDescriptors * descriptorIncrementSize;
          return *this;
      }
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& Offset(INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          ptr += offsetScaledByIncrementSize;
          return *this;
      }
      bool operator==(_In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other)
      {
          return (ptr == other.ptr);
      }
      bool operator!=(_In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other)
      {
          return (ptr != other.ptr);
      }
      CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& operator=(const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other)
      {
          ptr = other.ptr;
          return *this;
      }
  
      inline void InitOffsetted(_In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(*this, base, offsetScaledByIncrementSize);
      }
  
      inline void InitOffsetted(_In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(*this, base, offsetInDescriptors, descriptorIncrementSize);
      }
  
      static inline void InitOffsetted(_Out_ D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& handle, _In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          handle.ptr = base.ptr + offsetScaledByIncrementSize;
      }
  
      static inline void InitOffsetted(_Out_ D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& handle, _In_ const D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          handle.ptr = base.ptr + offsetInDescriptors * descriptorIncrementSize;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE
      : public D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE
  {
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE() {}
      explicit CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& o)
          : D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(CD3DX12_DEFAULT)
      {
          ptr = 0;
      }
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(_In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other, INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(other, offsetScaledByIncrementSize);
      }
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE(_In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other, INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(other, offsetInDescriptors, descriptorIncrementSize);
      }
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& Offset(INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          ptr += offsetInDescriptors * descriptorIncrementSize;
          return *this;
      }
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& Offset(INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          ptr += offsetScaledByIncrementSize;
          return *this;
      }
      inline bool operator==(_In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other)
      {
          return (ptr == other.ptr);
      }
      inline bool operator!=(_In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other)
      {
          return (ptr != other.ptr);
      }
      CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& operator=(const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& other)
      {
          ptr = other.ptr;
          return *this;
      }
  
      inline void InitOffsetted(_In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(*this, base, offsetScaledByIncrementSize);
      }
  
      inline void InitOffsetted(_In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          InitOffsetted(*this, base, offsetInDescriptors, descriptorIncrementSize);
      }
  
      static inline void InitOffsetted(_Out_ D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& handle, _In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetScaledByIncrementSize)
      {
          handle.ptr = base.ptr + offsetScaledByIncrementSize;
      }
  
      static inline void InitOffsetted(_Out_ D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& handle, _In_ const D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE& base, INT offsetInDescriptors, UINT descriptorIncrementSize)
      {
          handle.ptr = base.ptr + offsetInDescriptors * descriptorIncrementSize;
      }
  };
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline UINT D3D12CalcSubresource(UINT MipSlice, UINT ArraySlice, UINT PlaneSlice, UINT MipLevels, UINT ArraySize)
  {
      return MipSlice + ArraySlice * MipLevels + PlaneSlice * MipLevels * ArraySize;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  template <typename T, typename U, typename V>
  inline void D3D12DecomposeSubresource(UINT Subresource, UINT MipLevels, UINT ArraySize, _Out_ T& MipSlice, _Out_ U& ArraySlice, _Out_ V& PlaneSlice)
  {
      MipSlice = static_cast<T>(Subresource % MipLevels);
      ArraySlice = static_cast<U>((Subresource / MipLevels) % ArraySize);
      PlaneSlice = static_cast<V>(Subresource / (MipLevels * ArraySize));
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline UINT8 D3D12GetFormatPlaneCount(
      _In_ ID3D12Device* pDevice,
      DXGI_FORMAT Format
      )
  {
      D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_FORMAT_INFO formatInfo = {Format};
      if (FAILED(pDevice->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_FORMAT_INFO, &formatInfo, sizeof(formatInfo))))
      {
          return 0;
      }
      return formatInfo.PlaneCount;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  struct CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC
      : public D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC
  {
      CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC()
      {}
      explicit CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& o)
          : D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC(o)
      {}
      CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(
          D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION dimension,
          UINT64 alignment,
          UINT64 width,
          UINT height,
          UINT16 depthOrArraySize,
          UINT16 mipLevels,
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          UINT sampleCount,
          UINT sampleQuality,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT layout,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS flags)
      {
          Dimension = dimension;
          Alignment = alignment;
          Width = width;
          Height = height;
          DepthOrArraySize = depthOrArraySize;
          MipLevels = mipLevels;
          Format = format;
          SampleDesc.Count = sampleCount;
          SampleDesc.Quality = sampleQuality;
          Layout = layout;
          Flags = flags;
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC Buffer(
          const D3D12_RESOURCE_ALLOCATION_INFO& resAllocInfo,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE)
      {
          return CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER, resAllocInfo.Alignment, resAllocInfo.SizeInBytes,
              1, 1, 1, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 1, 0, D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR, flags);
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC Buffer(
          UINT64 width,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE,
          UINT64 alignment = 0)
      {
          return CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER, alignment, width, 1, 1, 1,
              DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 1, 0, D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR, flags);
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC Tex1D(
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          UINT64 width,
          UINT16 arraySize = 1,
          UINT16 mipLevels = 0,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN,
          UINT64 alignment = 0)
      {
          return CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE1D, alignment, width, 1, arraySize,
              mipLevels, format, 1, 0, layout, flags);
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC Tex2D(
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          UINT64 width,
          UINT height,
          UINT16 arraySize = 1,
          UINT16 mipLevels = 0,
          UINT sampleCount = 1,
          UINT sampleQuality = 0,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN,
          UINT64 alignment = 0)
      {
          return CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D, alignment, width, height, arraySize,
              mipLevels, format, sampleCount, sampleQuality, layout, flags);
      }
      static inline CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC Tex3D(
          DXGI_FORMAT format,
          UINT64 width,
          UINT height,
          UINT16 depth,
          UINT16 mipLevels = 0,
          D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE,
          D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN,
          UINT64 alignment = 0)
      {
          return CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC(D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D, alignment, width, height, depth,
              mipLevels, format, 1, 0, layout, flags);
      }
      inline UINT16 Depth() const
      {
          return (Dimension == D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D ? DepthOrArraySize : 1);
      }
      inline UINT16 ArraySize() const
      {
          return (Dimension != D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_TEXTURE3D ? DepthOrArraySize : 1);
      }
      inline UINT8 PlaneCount(_In_ ID3D12Device* pDevice) const
      {
          return D3D12GetFormatPlaneCount(pDevice, Format);
      }
      inline UINT Subresources(_In_ ID3D12Device* pDevice) const
      {
          return MipLevels * ArraySize() * PlaneCount(pDevice);
      }
      inline UINT CalcSubresource(UINT MipSlice, UINT ArraySlice, UINT PlaneSlice)
      {
          return D3D12CalcSubresource(MipSlice, ArraySlice, PlaneSlice, MipLevels, ArraySize());
      }
      operator const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& () const
      {
          return *this;
      }
  };
  inline bool operator==(const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& l, const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& r)
  {
      return l.Dimension == r.Dimension &&
             l.Alignment == r.Alignment &&
             l.Width == r.Width &&
             l.Height == r.Height &&
             l.DepthOrArraySize == r.DepthOrArraySize &&
             l.MipLevels == r.MipLevels &&
             l.Format == r.Format &&
             l.SampleDesc.Count == r.SampleDesc.Count &&
             l.SampleDesc.Quality == r.SampleDesc.Quality &&
             l.Layout == r.Layout &&
             l.Flags == r.Flags;
  }
  inline bool operator!=(const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& l, const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC& r)
  {
      return !(l == r);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Row-by-row memcpy
  inline void MemcpySubresource(
      _In_ const D3D12_MEMCPY_DEST* pDest,
      _In_ const D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_DATA* pSrc,
      SIZE_T RowSizeInBytes,
      UINT NumRows,
      UINT NumSlices)
  {
      for (UINT z = 0; z < NumSlices; ++z)
      {
          BYTE* pDestSlice = reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(pDest->pData) + pDest->SlicePitch * z;
          const BYTE* pSrcSlice = reinterpret_cast<const BYTE*>(pSrc->pData) + pSrc->SlicePitch * z;
          for (UINT y = 0; y < NumRows; ++y)
          {
              // CryDX12 Integrate: Replace last parameter RowSizeInBytes with RowPitch, RowSizeInBytes is Dest memory pitch, RowPitch is Src memory pitch,
              // Copying with RowSizeInBytes would have read beyond the memory boundary and wasted bandwidth.
              memcpy(pDestSlice + pDest->RowPitch * y,
                  pSrcSlice + pSrc->RowPitch * y,
                  pSrc->RowPitch); 
          }
      }
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Returns required size of a buffer to be used for data upload
  inline UINT64 GetRequiredIntermediateSize(
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pDestinationResource,
      _In_range_(0, D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES) UINT FirstSubresource,
      _In_range_(0, D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES - FirstSubresource) UINT NumSubresources)
  {
      D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC Desc = pDestinationResource->GetDesc();
      UINT64 RequiredSize = 0;
  
      ID3D12Device* pDevice;
      pDestinationResource->GetDevice(__uuidof(*pDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDevice));
      pDevice->GetCopyableFootprints(&Desc, FirstSubresource, NumSubresources, 0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &RequiredSize);
      pDevice->Release();
  
      return RequiredSize;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // All arrays must be populated (e.g. by calling GetCopyableFootprints)
  inline UINT64 UpdateSubresources(
      _In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* pCmdList,
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pDestinationResource,
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pIntermediate,
      _In_range_(0, D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES) UINT FirstSubresource,
      _In_range_(0, D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES - FirstSubresource) UINT NumSubresources,
      UINT64 RequiredSize,
      _In_reads_(NumSubresources) const D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT* pLayouts,
      _In_reads_(NumSubresources) const UINT* pNumRows,
      _In_reads_(NumSubresources) const UINT64* pRowSizesInBytes,
      _In_reads_(NumSubresources) const D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_DATA* pSrcData,
      _In_ const D3D12_BOX* pDstBox)
  {
      // Minor validation
      D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC IntermediateDesc = pIntermediate->GetDesc();
      D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC DestinationDesc = pDestinationResource->GetDesc();
      if (IntermediateDesc.Dimension != D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER ||
          IntermediateDesc.Width < RequiredSize + pLayouts[0].Offset ||
          RequiredSize > (SIZE_T) -1 ||
          (DestinationDesc.Dimension == D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER &&
           (FirstSubresource != 0 || NumSubresources != 1)))
      {
          return 0;
      }
  
      BYTE* pData;
      HRESULT hr = pIntermediate->Map(0, NULL, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pData));
      if (FAILED(hr))
      {
          return 0;
      }
  
      for (UINT i = 0; i < NumSubresources; ++i)
      {
          if (pRowSizesInBytes[i] > (SIZE_T) -1)
          {
              return 0;
          }
          D3D12_MEMCPY_DEST DestData = { pData + pLayouts[i].Offset, pLayouts[i].Footprint.RowPitch, pLayouts[i].Footprint.RowPitch * pNumRows[i] };
          MemcpySubresource(&DestData, &pSrcData[i], (SIZE_T)pRowSizesInBytes[i], pNumRows[i], pLayouts[i].Footprint.Depth);
      }
      pIntermediate->Unmap(0, NULL);
  
      if (DestinationDesc.Dimension == D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER)
      {
          CD3DX12_BOX SrcBox(UINT(pLayouts[0].Offset), UINT(pLayouts[0].Offset + pLayouts[0].Footprint.Width));
          pCmdList->CopyBufferRegion(pDestinationResource, 0, pIntermediate, pLayouts[0].Offset, pLayouts[0].Footprint.Width);
      }
      else if (pDstBox)
      {
          CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION Dst(pDestinationResource, FirstSubresource);
          CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION Src(pIntermediate, pLayouts[0]);
          pCmdList->CopyTextureRegion(&Dst, pDstBox->left, pDstBox->top, pDstBox->front, &Src, nullptr);
      }
      else
      {
          for (UINT i = 0; i < NumSubresources; ++i)
          {
              CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION Dst(pDestinationResource, i + FirstSubresource);
              CD3DX12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION Src(pIntermediate, pLayouts[i]);
              pCmdList->CopyTextureRegion(&Dst, 0, 0, 0, &Src, nullptr);
          }
      }
      return RequiredSize;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Heap-allocating UpdateSubresources implementation
  inline UINT64 UpdateSubresources(
      _In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* pCmdList,
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pDestinationResource,
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pIntermediate,
      UINT64 IntermediateOffset,
      _In_range_(0, D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES) UINT FirstSubresource,
      _In_range_(0, D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES - FirstSubresource) UINT NumSubresources,
      _In_reads_(NumSubresources) D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_DATA* pSrcData,
      _In_ const D3D12_BOX* pDstBox)
  {
      UINT64 RequiredSize = 0;
      UINT64 MemToAlloc = static_cast<UINT64>(sizeof(D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT) + sizeof(UINT) + sizeof(UINT64)) * NumSubresources;
      if (MemToAlloc > SIZE_MAX)
      {
          return 0;
      }
      void* pMem = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, static_cast<SIZE_T>(MemToAlloc));
      if (pMem == NULL)
      {
          return 0;
      }
      D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT* pLayouts = reinterpret_cast<D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT*>(pMem);
      UINT64* pRowSizesInBytes = reinterpret_cast<UINT64*>(pLayouts + NumSubresources);
      UINT* pNumRows = reinterpret_cast<UINT*>(pRowSizesInBytes + NumSubresources);
  
      D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC Desc = pDestinationResource->GetDesc();
      ID3D12Device* pDevice;
      pDestinationResource->GetDevice(__uuidof(*pDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDevice));
      pDevice->GetCopyableFootprints(&Desc, FirstSubresource, NumSubresources, IntermediateOffset, pLayouts, pNumRows, pRowSizesInBytes, &RequiredSize);
      pDevice->Release();
  
      UINT64 Result = UpdateSubresources(pCmdList, pDestinationResource, pIntermediate, FirstSubresource, NumSubresources, RequiredSize, pLayouts, pNumRows, pRowSizesInBytes, pSrcData, pDstBox);
      HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pMem);
      return Result;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Stack-allocating UpdateSubresources implementation
  template <UINT MaxSubresources>
  inline UINT64 UpdateSubresources(
      _In_ ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* pCmdList,
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pDestinationResource,
      _In_ ID3D12Resource* pIntermediate,
      UINT64 IntermediateOffset,
      _In_range_(0, MaxSubresources) UINT FirstSubresource,
      _In_range_(1, MaxSubresources - FirstSubresource) UINT NumSubresources,
      _In_reads_(NumSubresources) D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_DATA* pSrcData,
      _In_ const D3D12_BOX* pDstBox)
  {
      UINT64 RequiredSize = 0;
      D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT Layouts[MaxSubresources];
      UINT NumRows[MaxSubresources];
      UINT64 RowSizesInBytes[MaxSubresources];
  
      D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC Desc = pDestinationResource->GetDesc();
  
      if (pDstBox)
      {
          Desc.Width = pDstBox->right - pDstBox->left;
          Desc.Height = pDstBox->bottom - pDstBox->top;
          Desc.DepthOrArraySize = pDstBox->back - pDstBox->front;
      }
  
      ID3D12Device* pDevice;
      pDestinationResource->GetDevice(__uuidof(*pDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDevice));
      pDevice->GetCopyableFootprints(&Desc, FirstSubresource, NumSubresources, IntermediateOffset, Layouts, NumRows, RowSizesInBytes, &RequiredSize);
      pDevice->Release();
  
      return UpdateSubresources(pCmdList, pDestinationResource, pIntermediate, FirstSubresource, NumSubresources, RequiredSize, Layouts, NumRows, RowSizesInBytes, pSrcData, pDstBox);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline bool D3D12IsLayoutOpaque(D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT Layout)
  {
      return Layout == D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN || Layout == D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_64KB_UNDEFINED_SWIZZLE;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline ID3D12CommandList* const* CommandListCast(ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* const* pp)
  {
      // This cast is useful for passing strongly typed command list pointers into
      // ExecuteCommandLists.
      // This cast is valid as long as the const-ness is respected. D3D12 APIs do
      // respect the const-ness of their arguments.
      return reinterpret_cast<ID3D12CommandList* const*>(pp);
  }
  
  
  #endif // defined( __cplusplus )
  
  #endif //__D3DX12_H__
  
  
  
  