text: /* mbed Microcontroller Library
   * Copyright (c) 2006-2013 ARM Limited
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  // math.h required for floating point operations for baud rate calculation
  #include "mbed_assert.h"
  #include <math.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  
  #include "serial_api.h"
  #include "cmsis.h"
  #include "pinmap.h"
  #include "gpio_api.h"
  
  /******************************************************************************
   * INITIALIZATION
   ******************************************************************************/
  #define UART_NUM    4
  
  static const PinMap PinMap_UART_TX[] = {
      {P0_0,  UART_3, 2},
      {P0_2,  UART_0, 1},
      {P0_10, UART_2, 1},
      {P0_15, UART_1, 1},
      {P0_25, UART_3, 3},
      {P2_0 , UART_1, 2},
      {P2_8 , UART_2, 2},
      {P4_28, UART_3, 3},
      {NC   , NC    , 0}
  };
  
  static const PinMap PinMap_UART_RX[] = {
      {P0_1 , UART_3, 2},
      {P0_3 , UART_0, 1},
      {P0_11, UART_2, 1},
      {P0_16, UART_1, 1},
      {P0_26, UART_3, 3},
      {P2_1 , UART_1, 2},
      {P2_9 , UART_2, 2},
      {P4_29, UART_3, 3},
      {NC   , NC    , 0}
  };
  
  static const PinMap PinMap_UART_RTS[] = {
      {P0_22, UART_1, 1},
      {P2_7,  UART_1, 2},
      {NC,    NC,     0}
  };
  
  static const PinMap PinMap_UART_CTS[] = {
      {P0_17, UART_1, 1},
      {P2_2,  UART_1, 2},
      {NC,    NC,     0}
  };
  
  #define UART_MCR_RTSEN_MASK     (1 << 6)
  #define UART_MCR_CTSEN_MASK     (1 << 7)
  #define UART_MCR_FLOWCTRL_MASK  (UART_MCR_RTSEN_MASK | UART_MCR_CTSEN_MASK)
  
  static uart_irq_handler irq_handler;
  
  int stdio_uart_inited = 0;
  serial_t stdio_uart;
  
  struct serial_global_data_s {
      uint32_t serial_irq_id;
      gpio_t sw_rts, sw_cts;
      uint8_t count, rx_irq_set_flow, rx_irq_set_api;
  };
  
  static struct serial_global_data_s uart_data[UART_NUM];
  
  void serial_init(serial_t *obj, PinName tx, PinName rx) {
      int is_stdio_uart = 0;
  
      // determine the UART to use
      UARTName uart_tx = (UARTName)pinmap_peripheral(tx, PinMap_UART_TX);
      UARTName uart_rx = (UARTName)pinmap_peripheral(rx, PinMap_UART_RX);
      UARTName uart = (UARTName)pinmap_merge(uart_tx, uart_rx);
      MBED_ASSERT((int)uart != NC);
  
      obj->uart = (LPC_UART_TypeDef *)uart;
      // enable power
      switch (uart) {
          case UART_0: LPC_SC->PCONP |= 1 <<  3; break;
          case UART_1: LPC_SC->PCONP |= 1 <<  4; break;
          case UART_2: LPC_SC->PCONP |= 1 << 24; break;
          case UART_3: LPC_SC->PCONP |= 1 << 25; break;
      }
  
      // enable fifos and default rx trigger level
      obj->uart->FCR = 1 << 0  // FIFO Enable - 0 = Disables, 1 = Enabled
                     | 0 << 1  // Rx Fifo Reset
                     | 0 << 2  // Tx Fifo Reset
                     | 0 << 6; // Rx irq trigger level - 0 = 1 char, 1 = 4 chars, 2 = 8 chars, 3 = 14 chars
  
      // disable irqs
      obj->uart->IER = 0 << 0  // Rx Data available irq enable
                     | 0 << 1  // Tx Fifo empty irq enable
                     | 0 << 2; // Rx Line Status irq enable
  
      // set default baud rate and format
      serial_baud  (obj, 9600);
      serial_format(obj, 8, ParityNone, 1);
  
      // pinout the chosen uart
      pinmap_pinout(tx, PinMap_UART_TX);
      pinmap_pinout(rx, PinMap_UART_RX);
  
      // set rx/tx pins in PullUp mode
      if (tx != NC) {
          pin_mode(tx, PullUp);
      }
      if (rx != NC) {
          pin_mode(rx, PullUp);
      }
  
      switch (uart) {
          case UART_0: obj->index = 0; break;
          case UART_1: obj->index = 1; break;
          case UART_2: obj->index = 2; break;
          case UART_3: obj->index = 3; break;
      }
      uart_data[obj->index].sw_rts.pin = NC;
      uart_data[obj->index].sw_cts.pin = NC;
      serial_set_flow_control(obj, FlowControlNone, NC, NC);
  
      is_stdio_uart = (uart == STDIO_UART) ? (1) : (0);
  
      if (is_stdio_uart) {
          stdio_uart_inited = 1;
          memcpy(&stdio_uart, obj, sizeof(serial_t));
      }
  }
  
  void serial_free(serial_t *obj) {
      uart_data[obj->index].serial_irq_id = 0;
  }
  
  // serial_baud
  // set the baud rate, taking in to account the current SystemFrequency
  void serial_baud(serial_t *obj, int baudrate) {
      MBED_ASSERT((int)obj->uart <= UART_3);
      // The LPC2300 and LPC1700 have a divider and a fractional divider to control the
      // baud rate. The formula is:
      //
      // Baudrate = (1 / PCLK) * 16 * DL * (1 + DivAddVal / MulVal)
      //   where:
      //     1 < MulVal <= 15
      //     0 <= DivAddVal < 14
      //     DivAddVal < MulVal
      //
      // set pclk to /1
      switch ((int)obj->uart) {
          case UART_0: LPC_SC->PCLKSEL0 &= ~(0x3 <<  6); LPC_SC->PCLKSEL0 |= (0x1 <<  6); break;
          case UART_1: LPC_SC->PCLKSEL0 &= ~(0x3 <<  8); LPC_SC->PCLKSEL0 |= (0x1 <<  8); break;
          case UART_2: LPC_SC->PCLKSEL1 &= ~(0x3 << 16); LPC_SC->PCLKSEL1 |= (0x1 << 16); break;
          case UART_3: LPC_SC->PCLKSEL1 &= ~(0x3 << 18); LPC_SC->PCLKSEL1 |= (0x1 << 18); break;
          default: break;
      }
  
      uint32_t PCLK = SystemCoreClock;
  
      // First we check to see if the basic divide with no DivAddVal/MulVal
      // ratio gives us an integer result. If it does, we set DivAddVal = 0,
      // MulVal = 1. Otherwise, we search the valid ratio value range to find
      // the closest match. This could be more elegant, using search methods
      // and/or lookup tables, but the brute force method is not that much
      // slower, and is more maintainable.
      uint16_t DL = PCLK / (16 * baudrate);
  
      uint8_t DivAddVal = 0;
      uint8_t MulVal = 1;
      int hit = 0;
      uint16_t dlv;
      uint8_t mv, dav;
      if ((PCLK % (16 * baudrate)) != 0) {     // Checking for zero remainder
          int err_best = baudrate, b;
          for (mv = 1; mv < 16 && !hit; mv++)
          {
              for (dav = 0; dav < mv; dav++)
              {
                  // baudrate = PCLK / (16 * dlv * (1 + (DivAdd / Mul))
                  // solving for dlv, we get dlv = mul * PCLK / (16 * baudrate * (divadd + mul))
                  // mul has 4 bits, PCLK has 27 so we have 1 bit headroom which can be used for rounding
                  // for many values of mul and PCLK we have 2 or more bits of headroom which can be used to improve precision
                  // note: X / 32 doesn't round correctly. Instead, we use ((X / 16) + 1) / 2 for correct rounding
  
                  if ((mv * PCLK * 2) & 0x80000000) // 1 bit headroom
                      dlv = ((((2 * mv * PCLK) / (baudrate * (dav + mv))) / 16) + 1) / 2;
                  else // 2 bits headroom, use more precision
                      dlv = ((((4 * mv * PCLK) / (baudrate * (dav + mv))) / 32) + 1) / 2;
  
                  // datasheet says if DLL==DLM==0, then 1 is used instead since divide by zero is ungood
                  if (dlv == 0)
                      dlv = 1;
  
                  // datasheet says if dav > 0 then DL must be >= 2
                  if ((dav > 0) && (dlv < 2))
                      dlv = 2;
  
                  // integer rearrangement of the baudrate equation (with rounding)
                  b = ((PCLK * mv / (dlv * (dav + mv) * 8)) + 1) / 2;
  
                  // check to see how we went
                  b = abs(b - baudrate);
                  if (b < err_best)
                  {
                      err_best  = b;
  
                      DL        = dlv;
                      MulVal    = mv;
                      DivAddVal = dav;
  
                      if (b == baudrate)
                      {
                          hit = 1;
                          break;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      // set LCR[DLAB] to enable writing to divider registers
      obj->uart->LCR |= (1 << 7);
  
      // set divider values
      obj->uart->DLM = (DL >> 8) & 0xFF;
      obj->uart->DLL = (DL >> 0) & 0xFF;
      obj->uart->FDR = (uint32_t) DivAddVal << 0
                     | (uint32_t) MulVal    << 4;
  
      // clear LCR[DLAB]
      obj->uart->LCR &= ~(1 << 7);
  }
  
  void serial_format(serial_t *obj, int data_bits, SerialParity parity, int stop_bits) {
      MBED_ASSERT((stop_bits == 1) || (stop_bits == 2)); // 0: 1 stop bits, 1: 2 stop bits
      MBED_ASSERT((data_bits > 4) && (data_bits < 9)); // 0: 5 data bits ... 3: 8 data bits
      MBED_ASSERT((parity == ParityNone) || (parity == ParityOdd) || (parity == ParityEven) ||
             (parity == ParityForced1) || (parity == ParityForced0));
  
      stop_bits -= 1;
      data_bits -= 5;
  
      int parity_enable = 0, parity_select = 0;
      switch (parity) {
          case ParityNone: parity_enable = 0; parity_select = 0; break;
          case ParityOdd : parity_enable = 1; parity_select = 0; break;
          case ParityEven: parity_enable = 1; parity_select = 1; break;
          case ParityForced1: parity_enable = 1; parity_select = 2; break;
          case ParityForced0: parity_enable = 1; parity_select = 3; break;
          default:
              break;
      }
  
      obj->uart->LCR = data_bits            << 0
                     | stop_bits            << 2
                     | parity_enable        << 3
                     | parity_select        << 4;
  }
  
  /******************************************************************************
   * INTERRUPTS HANDLING
   ******************************************************************************/
  static inline void uart_irq(uint32_t iir, uint32_t index, LPC_UART_TypeDef *puart) {
      // [Chapter 14] LPC17xx UART0/2/3: UARTn Interrupt Handling
      SerialIrq irq_type;
      switch (iir) {
          case 1: irq_type = TxIrq; break;
          case 2: irq_type = RxIrq; break;
          default: return;
      }
      if ((RxIrq == irq_type) && (NC != uart_data[index].sw_rts.pin)) {
          gpio_write(&uart_data[index].sw_rts, 1);
          // Disable interrupt if it wasn't enabled by other part of the application
          if (!uart_data[index].rx_irq_set_api)
              puart->IER &= ~(1 << RxIrq);
      }
      if (uart_data[index].serial_irq_id != 0)
          if ((irq_type != RxIrq) || (uart_data[index].rx_irq_set_api))
              irq_handler(uart_data[index].serial_irq_id, irq_type);
  }
  
  void uart0_irq() {uart_irq((LPC_UART0->IIR >> 1) & 0x7, 0, (LPC_UART_TypeDef*)LPC_UART0);}
  void uart1_irq() {uart_irq((LPC_UART1->IIR >> 1) & 0x7, 1, (LPC_UART_TypeDef*)LPC_UART1);}
  void uart2_irq() {uart_irq((LPC_UART2->IIR >> 1) & 0x7, 2, (LPC_UART_TypeDef*)LPC_UART2);}
  void uart3_irq() {uart_irq((LPC_UART3->IIR >> 1) & 0x7, 3, (LPC_UART_TypeDef*)LPC_UART3);}
  
  void serial_irq_handler(serial_t *obj, uart_irq_handler handler, uint32_t id) {
      irq_handler = handler;
      uart_data[obj->index].serial_irq_id = id;
  }
  
  static void serial_irq_set_internal(serial_t *obj, SerialIrq irq, uint32_t enable) {
      IRQn_Type irq_n = (IRQn_Type)0;
      uint32_t vector = 0;
      switch ((int)obj->uart) {
          case UART_0: irq_n=UART0_IRQn; vector = (uint32_t)&uart0_irq; break;
          case UART_1: irq_n=UART1_IRQn; vector = (uint32_t)&uart1_irq; break;
          case UART_2: irq_n=UART2_IRQn; vector = (uint32_t)&uart2_irq; break;
          case UART_3: irq_n=UART3_IRQn; vector = (uint32_t)&uart3_irq; break;
      }
  
      if (enable) {
          obj->uart->IER |= 1 << irq;
          NVIC_SetVector(irq_n, vector);
          NVIC_EnableIRQ(irq_n);
      } else if ((TxIrq == irq) || (uart_data[obj->index].rx_irq_set_api + uart_data[obj->index].rx_irq_set_flow == 0)) { // disable
          int all_disabled = 0;
          SerialIrq other_irq = (irq == RxIrq) ? (TxIrq) : (RxIrq);
          obj->uart->IER &= ~(1 << irq);
          all_disabled = (obj->uart->IER & (1 << other_irq)) == 0;
          if (all_disabled)
              NVIC_DisableIRQ(irq_n);
      }
  }
  
  void serial_irq_set(serial_t *obj, SerialIrq irq, uint32_t enable) {
      if (RxIrq == irq)
          uart_data[obj->index].rx_irq_set_api = enable;
      serial_irq_set_internal(obj, irq, enable);
  }
  
  static void serial_flow_irq_set(serial_t *obj, uint32_t enable) {
      uart_data[obj->index].rx_irq_set_flow = enable;
      serial_irq_set_internal(obj, RxIrq, enable);
  }
  
  /******************************************************************************
   * READ/WRITE
   ******************************************************************************/
  int serial_getc(serial_t *obj) {
      while (!serial_readable(obj));
      int data = obj->uart->RBR;
      if (NC != uart_data[obj->index].sw_rts.pin) {
          gpio_write(&uart_data[obj->index].sw_rts, 0);
          obj->uart->IER |= 1 << RxIrq;
      }
      return data;
  }
  
  void serial_putc(serial_t *obj, int c) {
      while (!serial_writable(obj));
      obj->uart->THR = c;
      uart_data[obj->index].count++;
  }
  
  int serial_readable(serial_t *obj) {
      return obj->uart->LSR & 0x01;
  }
  
  int serial_writable(serial_t *obj) {
      int isWritable = 1;
      if (NC != uart_data[obj->index].sw_cts.pin)
          isWritable = (gpio_read(&uart_data[obj->index].sw_cts) == 0) && (obj->uart->LSR & 0x40);  //If flow control: writable if CTS low + UART done
      else {
          if (obj->uart->LSR & 0x20)
              uart_data[obj->index].count = 0;
          else if (uart_data[obj->index].count >= 16)
              isWritable = 0;
      }
      return isWritable;
  }
  
  void serial_clear(serial_t *obj) {
      obj->uart->FCR = 1 << 0  // FIFO Enable - 0 = Disables, 1 = Enabled
                     | 1 << 1  // rx FIFO reset
                     | 1 << 2  // tx FIFO reset
                     | 0 << 6; // interrupt depth
  }
  
  void serial_pinout_tx(PinName tx) {
      pinmap_pinout(tx, PinMap_UART_TX);
  }
  
  void serial_break_set(serial_t *obj) {
      obj->uart->LCR |= (1 << 6);
  }
  
  void serial_break_clear(serial_t *obj) {
      obj->uart->LCR &= ~(1 << 6);
  }
  
  void serial_set_flow_control(serial_t *obj, FlowControl type, PinName rxflow, PinName txflow) {
      // Only UART1 has hardware flow control on LPC176x
      LPC_UART1_TypeDef *uart1 = (uint32_t)obj->uart == (uint32_t)LPC_UART1 ? LPC_UART1 : NULL;
      int index = obj->index;
  
      // First, disable flow control completely
      if (uart1)
          uart1->MCR = uart1->MCR & ~UART_MCR_FLOWCTRL_MASK;
      uart_data[index].sw_rts.pin = uart_data[index].sw_cts.pin = NC;
      serial_flow_irq_set(obj, 0);
      if (FlowControlNone == type)
          return;
      // Check type(s) of flow control to use
      UARTName uart_rts = (UARTName)pinmap_find_peripheral(rxflow, PinMap_UART_RTS);
      UARTName uart_cts = (UARTName)pinmap_find_peripheral(txflow, PinMap_UART_CTS);
      if (((FlowControlCTS == type) || (FlowControlRTSCTS == type)) && (NC != txflow)) {
          // Can this be enabled in hardware?
          if ((UART_1 == uart_cts) && (NULL != uart1)) {
              // Enable auto-CTS mode
              uart1->MCR |= UART_MCR_CTSEN_MASK;
              pinmap_pinout(txflow, PinMap_UART_CTS);
          } else {
              // Can't enable in hardware, use software emulation
              gpio_init_in(&uart_data[index].sw_cts, txflow);
          }
      }
      if (((FlowControlRTS == type) || (FlowControlRTSCTS == type)) && (NC != rxflow)) {
          // Enable FIFOs, trigger level of 1 char on RX FIFO
          obj->uart->FCR = 1 << 0  // FIFO Enable - 0 = Disables, 1 = Enabled
                         | 1 << 1  // Rx Fifo Reset
                         | 1 << 2  // Tx Fifo Reset
                         | 0 << 6; // Rx irq trigger level - 0 = 1 char, 1 = 4 chars, 2 = 8 chars, 3 = 14 chars
           // Can this be enabled in hardware?
          if ((UART_1 == uart_rts) && (NULL != uart1)) {
              // Enable auto-RTS mode
              uart1->MCR |= UART_MCR_RTSEN_MASK;
              pinmap_pinout(rxflow, PinMap_UART_RTS);
          } else { // can't enable in hardware, use software emulation
              gpio_init_out_ex(&uart_data[index].sw_rts, rxflow, 0);
              // Enable RX interrupt
              serial_flow_irq_set(obj, 1);
          }
      }
  }
  
  