text: # Copyright (c) Jean-Paul Calderone
  # See LICENSE file for details.
  
  """
  Unit tests for :py:mod:`OpenSSL.crypto`.
  """
  
  from warnings import simplefilter
  
  import base64
  from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
  from datetime import datetime, timedelta
  
  import pytest
  
  from six import binary_type
  
  from cryptography import x509
  from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl.backend import backend
  from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
  from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
  
  import flaky
  
  from OpenSSL.crypto import TYPE_RSA, TYPE_DSA, Error, PKey, PKeyType
  from OpenSSL.crypto import X509, X509Type, X509Name, X509NameType
  from OpenSSL.crypto import (
      X509Store,
      X509StoreFlags,
      X509StoreType,
      X509StoreContext,
      X509StoreContextError
  )
  from OpenSSL.crypto import X509Req, X509ReqType
  from OpenSSL.crypto import X509Extension, X509ExtensionType
  from OpenSSL.crypto import load_certificate, load_privatekey
  from OpenSSL.crypto import load_publickey, dump_publickey
  from OpenSSL.crypto import FILETYPE_PEM, FILETYPE_ASN1, FILETYPE_TEXT
  from OpenSSL.crypto import dump_certificate, load_certificate_request
  from OpenSSL.crypto import dump_certificate_request, dump_privatekey
  from OpenSSL.crypto import PKCS7, PKCS7Type, load_pkcs7_data
  from OpenSSL.crypto import PKCS12, PKCS12Type, load_pkcs12
  from OpenSSL.crypto import CRL, Revoked, dump_crl, load_crl
  from OpenSSL.crypto import NetscapeSPKI, NetscapeSPKIType
  from OpenSSL.crypto import (
      sign, verify, get_elliptic_curve, get_elliptic_curves)
  
  from .util import EqualityTestsMixin, is_consistent_type, WARNING_TYPE_EXPECTED
  
  
  def normalize_privatekey_pem(pem):
      return dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem))
  
  
  GOOD_CIPHER = "blowfish"
  BAD_CIPHER = "zippers"
  
  GOOD_DIGEST = "SHA1"
  BAD_DIGEST = "monkeys"
  
  old_root_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIC7TCCAlagAwIBAgIIPQzE4MbeufQwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwWDELMAkGA1UE
  BhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGljYWdvMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdU
  ZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3QgQ0EwIhgPMjAwOTAzMjUxMjM2
  NThaGA8yMDE3MDYxMTEyMzY1OFowWDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklM
  MRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGljYWdvMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdUZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9U
  ZXN0aW5nIFJvb3QgQ0EwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAPmaQumL
  urpE527uSEHdL1pqcDRmWzu+98Y6YHzT/J7KWEamyMCNZ6fRW1JCR782UQ8a07fy
  2xXsKy4WdKaxyG8CcatwmXvpvRQ44dSANMihHELpANTdyVp6DCysED6wkQFurHlF
  1dshEaJw8b/ypDhmbVIo6Ci1xvCJqivbLFnbAgMBAAGjgbswgbgwHQYDVR0OBBYE
  FINVdy1eIfFJDAkk51QJEo3IfgSuMIGIBgNVHSMEgYAwfoAUg1V3LV4h8UkMCSTn
  VAkSjch+BK6hXKRaMFgxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQIEwJJTDEQMA4GA1UE
  BxMHQ2hpY2FnbzEQMA4GA1UEChMHVGVzdGluZzEYMBYGA1UEAxMPVGVzdGluZyBS
  b290IENBggg9DMTgxt659DAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GB
  AGGCDazMJGoWNBpc03u6+smc95dEead2KlZXBATOdFT1VesY3+nUOqZhEhTGlDMi
  hkgaZnzoIq/Uamidegk4hirsCT/R+6vsKAAxNTcBjUeZjlykCJWy5ojShGftXIKY
  w/njVbKMXrvc83qmTdGl3TAM0fxQIpqgcglFLveEBgzn
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  root_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIC6TCCAlKgAwIBAgIIPQzE4MbeufQwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwWDELMAkGA1UE
  BhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGljYWdvMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdU
  ZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3QgQ0EwHhcNMTcwNjExMjIzMjU5
  WhcNMzcwNjA2MjIzMjU5WjBYMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMCSUwxEDAO
  BgNVBAcTB0NoaWNhZ28xEDAOBgNVBAoTB1Rlc3RpbmcxGDAWBgNVBAMTD1Rlc3Rp
  bmcgUm9vdCBDQTCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAwgYkCgYEA+ZpC6Yu6ukTn
  bu5IQd0vWmpwNGZbO773xjpgfNP8nspYRqbIwI1np9FbUkJHvzZRDxrTt/LbFewr
  LhZ0prHIbwJxq3CZe+m9FDjh1IA0yKEcQukA1N3JWnoMLKwQPrCRAW6seUXV2yER
  onDxv/KkOGZtUijoKLXG8ImqK9ssWdsCAwEAAaOBuzCBuDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUg1V3
  LV4h8UkMCSTnVAkSjch+BK4wgYgGA1UdIwSBgDB+gBSDVXctXiHxSQwJJOdUCRKN
  yH4ErqFcpFowWDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdD
  aGljYWdvMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdUZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3Qg
  Q0GCCD0MxODG3rn0MAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEANFYQ
  R+T70VcZ+SnvURnwviFgCXeedBzCr21meo+DNHbkp2gudB9W8Xrned/wtUBVymy9
  gjB5jINfU7Lci0H57Evsw96UJJVfhXdUMHpqt1RGCoEd9FWnrDyrSy0NysnBT2bH
  lEqxh3aFEUx9IOQ4sgnx1/NOFXBpkRtivl6O0Ec=
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  root_key_pem = b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIICXQIBAAKBgQD5mkLpi7q6ROdu7khB3S9aanA0Zls7vvfGOmB80/yeylhGpsjA
  jWen0VtSQke/NlEPGtO38tsV7CsuFnSmschvAnGrcJl76b0UOOHUgDTIoRxC6QDU
  3claegwsrBA+sJEBbqx5RdXbIRGicPG/8qQ4Zm1SKOgotcbwiaor2yxZ2wIDAQAB
  AoGBAPCgMpmLxzwDaUmcFbTJUvlLW1hoxNNYSu2jIZm1k/hRAcE60JYwvBkgz3UB
  yMEh0AtLxYe0bFk6EHah11tMUPgscbCq73snJ++8koUw+csk22G65hOs51bVb7Aa
  6JBe67oLzdtvgCUFAA2qfrKzWRZzAdhUirQUZgySZk+Xq1pBAkEA/kZG0A6roTSM
  BVnx7LnPfsycKUsTumorpXiylZJjTi9XtmzxhrYN6wgZlDOOwOLgSQhszGpxVoMD
  u3gByT1b2QJBAPtL3mSKdvwRu/+40zaZLwvSJRxaj0mcE4BJOS6Oqs/hS1xRlrNk
  PpQ7WJ4yM6ZOLnXzm2mKyxm50Mv64109FtMCQQDOqS2KkjHaLowTGVxwC0DijMfr
  I9Lf8sSQk32J5VWCySWf5gGTfEnpmUa41gKTMJIbqZZLucNuDcOtzUaeWZlZAkA8
  ttXigLnCqR486JDPTi9ZscoZkZ+w7y6e/hH8t6d5Vjt48JVyfjPIaJY+km58LcN3
  6AWSeGAdtRFHVzR7oHjVAkB4hutvxiOeiIVQNBhM6RSI9aBPMI21DoX2JRoxvNW2
  cbvAhow217X9V0dVerEOKxnNYspXRrh36h7k4mQA+sDq
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  intermediate_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIICVzCCAcCgAwIBAgIRAMPzhm6//0Y/g2pmnHR2C4cwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQENBQAw
  WDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGljYWdvMRAw
  DgYDVQQKEwdUZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3QgQ0EwHhcNMTQw
  ODI4MDIwNDA4WhcNMjQwODI1MDIwNDA4WjBmMRUwEwYDVQQDEwxpbnRlcm1lZGlh
  dGUxDDAKBgNVBAoTA29yZzERMA8GA1UECxMIb3JnLXVuaXQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT
  MQswCQYDVQQIEwJDQTESMBAGA1UEBxMJU2FuIERpZWdvMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB
  AQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDYcEQw5lfbEQRjr5Yy4yxAHGV0b9Al+Lmu7wLHMkZ/ZMmK
  FGIbljbviiD1Nz97Oh2cpB91YwOXOTN2vXHq26S+A5xe8z/QJbBsyghMur88CjdT
  21H2qwMa+r5dCQwEhuGIiZ3KbzB/n4DTMYI5zy4IYPv0pjxShZn4aZTCCK2IUwID
  AQABoxMwETAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDQUAA4GBAPIWSkLX
  QRMApOjjyC+tMxumT5e2pMqChHmxobQK4NMdrf2VCx+cRT6EmY8sK3/Xl/X8UBQ+
  9n5zXb1ZwhW/sTWgUvmOceJ4/XVs9FkdWOOn1J0XBch9ZIiFe/s5ASIgG7fUdcUF
  9mAWS6FK2ca3xIh5kIupCXOFa0dPvlw/YUFT
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  intermediate_key_pem = b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIICWwIBAAKBgQDYcEQw5lfbEQRjr5Yy4yxAHGV0b9Al+Lmu7wLHMkZ/ZMmKFGIb
  ljbviiD1Nz97Oh2cpB91YwOXOTN2vXHq26S+A5xe8z/QJbBsyghMur88CjdT21H2
  qwMa+r5dCQwEhuGIiZ3KbzB/n4DTMYI5zy4IYPv0pjxShZn4aZTCCK2IUwIDAQAB
  AoGAfSZVV80pSeOKHTYfbGdNY/jHdU9eFUa/33YWriXU+77EhpIItJjkRRgivIfo
  rhFJpBSGmDLblaqepm8emsXMeH4+2QzOYIf0QGGP6E6scjTt1PLqdqKfVJ1a2REN
  147cujNcmFJb/5VQHHMpaPTgttEjlzuww4+BCDPsVRABWrkCQQD3loH36nLoQTtf
  +kQq0T6Bs9/UWkTAGo0ND81ALj0F8Ie1oeZg6RNT96RxZ3aVuFTESTv6/TbjWywO
  wdzlmV1vAkEA38rTJ6PTwaJlw5OttdDzAXGPB9tDmzh9oSi7cHwQQXizYd8MBYx4
  sjHUKD3dCQnb1dxJFhd3BT5HsnkRMbVZXQJAbXduH17ZTzcIOXc9jHDXYiFVZV5D
  52vV0WCbLzVCZc3jMrtSUKa8lPN5EWrdU3UchWybyG0MR5mX8S5lrF4SoQJAIyUD
  DBKaSqpqONCUUx1BTFS9FYrFjzbL4+c1qHCTTPTblt8kUCrDOZjBrKAqeiTmNSum
  /qUot9YUBF8m6BuGsQJATHHmdFy/fG1VLkyBp49CAa8tN3Z5r/CgTznI4DfMTf4C
  NbRHn2UmYlwQBa+L5lg9phewNe8aEwpPyPLoV85U8Q==
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  server_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIICJDCCAY2gAwIBAgIJAJn/HpR21r/8MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFgxCzAJBgNV
  BAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQIDAJJTDEQMA4GA1UEBwwHQ2hpY2FnbzEQMA4GA1UECgwH
  VGVzdGluZzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPVGVzdGluZyBSb290IENBMB4XDTE3MDYxMjAwMTA1
  N1oXDTM3MDYwNzAwMTA1N1owGDEWMBQGA1UEAwwNbG92ZWx5IHNlcnZlcjCBnzAN
  BgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAwgYkCgYEAvqb4brndXS2kEL84qXbZXE6LYK+UrhNi
  70sdIM/24NVN7tXkPlOXqrMWhFHHml+aeSpPkH5b1vKnY1TcULmEubnNICtvjmZ5
  SGMQn+J+RmBs1SMd0EgY/0wBBQdlrlYp2QYgm8YC+zxTNSqWvhMFZAgHbj6Un5SS
  T8JGBqytjB0CAwEAAaM2MDQwHQYDVR0OBBYEFINVdy1eIfFJDAkk51QJEo3IfgSu
  MBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMBMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBAGki1K6WgHHJ
  qC6aY2EowjaWOXLO6jUZIhGk7BA7vMRfNug429AOZ4m5F6OQhzmJmlw67Jyu2FeI
  h0VtBuQoHPtjqZXF59oX6hMMmGLMs9pV0UA3fJs5MYA4/V5ZcQy0Ie0QoJNejLzE
  6V1Qz1rRTYLUyEcpI7ZCmBg2KQQI8YZI
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  server_key_pem = normalize_privatekey_pem(b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIICWwIBAAKBgQC+pvhuud1dLaQQvzipdtlcTotgr5SuE2LvSx0gz/bg1U3u1eQ+
  U5eqsxaEUceaX5p5Kk+QflvW8qdjVNxQuYS5uc0gK2+OZnlIYxCf4n5GYGzVIx3Q
  SBj/TAEFB2WuVinZBiCbxgL7PFM1Kpa+EwVkCAduPpSflJJPwkYGrK2MHQIDAQAB
  AoGAbwuZ0AR6JveahBaczjfnSpiFHf+mve2UxoQdpyr6ROJ4zg/PLW5K/KXrC48G
  j6f3tXMrfKHcpEoZrQWUfYBRCUsGD5DCazEhD8zlxEHahIsqpwA0WWssJA2VOLEN
  j6DuV2pCFbw67rfTBkTSo32ahfXxEKev5KswZk0JIzH3ooECQQDgzS9AI89h0gs8
  Dt+1m11Rzqo3vZML7ZIyGApUzVan+a7hbc33nbGRkAXjHaUBJO31it/H6dTO+uwX
  msWwNG5ZAkEA2RyFKs5xR5USTFaKLWCgpH/ydV96KPOpBND7TKQx62snDenFNNbn
  FwwOhpahld+vqhYk+pfuWWUpQciE+Bu7ZQJASjfT4sQv4qbbKK/scePicnDdx9th
  4e1EeB9xwb+tXXXUo/6Bor/AcUNwfiQ6Zt9PZOK9sR3lMZSsP7rMi7kzuQJABie6
  1sXXjFH7nNJvRG4S39cIxq8YRYTy68II/dlB2QzGpKxV/POCxbJ/zu0CU79tuYK7
  NaeNCFfH3aeTrX0LyQJAMBWjWmeKM2G2sCExheeQK0ROnaBC8itCECD4Jsve4nqf
  r50+LF74iLXFwqysVCebPKMOpDWp/qQ1BbJQIPs7/A==
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """)
  
  intermediate_server_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIICWDCCAcGgAwIBAgIRAPQFY9jfskSihdiNSNdt6GswDQYJKoZIhvcNAQENBQAw
  ZjEVMBMGA1UEAxMMaW50ZXJtZWRpYXRlMQwwCgYDVQQKEwNvcmcxETAPBgNVBAsT
  CG9yZy11bml0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMCQ0ExEjAQBgNVBAcTCVNh
  biBEaWVnbzAeFw0xNDA4MjgwMjEwNDhaFw0yNDA4MjUwMjEwNDhaMG4xHTAbBgNV
  BAMTFGludGVybWVkaWF0ZS1zZXJ2aWNlMQwwCgYDVQQKEwNvcmcxETAPBgNVBAsT
  CG9yZy11bml0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMCQ0ExEjAQBgNVBAcTCVNh
  biBEaWVnbzCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAwgYkCgYEAqpJZygd+w1faLOr1
  iOAmbBhx5SZWcTCZ/ZjHQTJM7GuPT624QkqsixFghRKdDROwpwnAP7gMRukLqiy4
  +kRuGT5OfyGggL95i2xqA+zehjj08lSTlvGHpePJgCyTavIy5+Ljsj4DKnKyuhxm
  biXTRrH83NDgixVkObTEmh/OVK0CAwEAATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FAAOBgQBa0Npw
  UkzjaYEo1OUE1sTI6Mm4riTIHMak4/nswKh9hYup//WVOlr/RBSBtZ7Q/BwbjobN
  3bfAtV7eSAqBsfxYXyof7G1ALANQERkq3+oyLP1iVt08W1WOUlIMPhdCF/QuCwy6
  x9MJLhUCGLJPM+O2rAPWVD9wCmvq10ALsiH3yA==
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  intermediate_server_key_pem = b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIICXAIBAAKBgQCqklnKB37DV9os6vWI4CZsGHHlJlZxMJn9mMdBMkzsa49PrbhC
  SqyLEWCFEp0NE7CnCcA/uAxG6QuqLLj6RG4ZPk5/IaCAv3mLbGoD7N6GOPTyVJOW
  8Yel48mALJNq8jLn4uOyPgMqcrK6HGZuJdNGsfzc0OCLFWQ5tMSaH85UrQIDAQAB
  AoGAIQ594j5zna3/9WaPsTgnmhlesVctt4AAx/n827DA4ayyuHFlXUuVhtoWR5Pk
  5ezj9mtYW8DyeCegABnsu2vZni/CdvU6uiS1Hv6qM1GyYDm9KWgovIP9rQCDSGaz
  d57IWVGxx7ODFkm3gN5nxnSBOFVHytuW1J7FBRnEsehRroECQQDXHFOv82JuXDcz
  z3+4c74IEURdOHcbycxlppmK9kFqm5lsUdydnnGW+mvwDk0APOB7Wg7vyFyr393e
  dpmBDCzNAkEAyv6tVbTKUYhSjW+QhabJo896/EqQEYUmtMXxk4cQnKeR/Ao84Rkf
  EqD5IykMUfUI0jJU4DGX+gWZ10a7kNbHYQJAVFCuHNFxS4Cpwo0aqtnzKoZaHY/8
  X9ABZfafSHCtw3Op92M+7ikkrOELXdS9KdKyyqbKJAKNEHF3LbOfB44WIQJAA2N4
  9UNNVUsXRbElEnYUS529CdUczo4QdVgQjkvk5RiPAUwSdBd9Q0xYnFOlFwEmIowg
  ipWJWe0aAlP18ZcEQQJBAL+5lekZ/GUdQoZ4HAsN5a9syrzavJ9VvU1KOOPorPZK
  nMRZbbQgP+aSB7yl6K0gaLaZ8XaK0pjxNBh6ASqg9f4=
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  client_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIICIjCCAYugAwIBAgIJAKxpFI5lODkjMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFgxCzAJBgNV
  BAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQIDAJJTDEQMA4GA1UEBwwHQ2hpY2FnbzEQMA4GA1UECgwH
  VGVzdGluZzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPVGVzdGluZyBSb290IENBMB4XDTE3MDYxMjAwMDQx
  M1oXDTM3MDYwNzAwMDQxM1owFjEUMBIGA1UEAwwLdWdseSBjbGllbnQwgZ8wDQYJ
  KoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMBmH9JG02bme0xPipvpjMSlOugyWrauf4at
  EdGJn7GQLD8IY2Fu0+Kvv9DFpSPboFKZCsfDVsYoRs+xaJbtt1dJ6ymX7EqKS7gb
  8q+eeZZ14keqyJd5Rm2q6swQtw9ADD3E8cS6GqpQm+8SgxOycISoYz7sO1ugJFqN
  jId+W4BFAgMBAAGjNjA0MB0GA1UdDgQWBBSDVXctXiHxSQwJJOdUCRKNyH4ErjAT
  BgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOBgQAMqcHyweaCOZNN
  dWQQOsBKQlL5wqVVZwucHPWqobjxpULKy9gS2ha2zbgkXcB/BnBOSwe0Fm+MJV0T
  NbnTghcGJNpEH7VKn4xSLvIGZmnZZWgxeIB16z4GhpkK2fShBJ+6GKZjsgjT0lSH
  JRgjHbWutZfZvbSHXr9n7PIphG1Ojg==
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  client_key_pem = normalize_privatekey_pem(b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIICXgIBAAKBgQDAZh/SRtNm5ntMT4qb6YzEpTroMlq2rn+GrRHRiZ+xkCw/CGNh
  btPir7/QxaUj26BSmQrHw1bGKEbPsWiW7bdXSespl+xKiku4G/KvnnmWdeJHqsiX
  eUZtqurMELcPQAw9xPHEuhqqUJvvEoMTsnCEqGM+7DtboCRajYyHfluARQIDAQAB
  AoGATkZ+NceY5Glqyl4mD06SdcKfV65814vg2EL7V9t8+/mi9rYL8KztSXGlQWPX
  zuHgtRoMl78yQ4ZJYOBVo+nsx8KZNRCEBlE19bamSbQLCeQMenWnpeYyQUZ908gF
  h6L9qsFVJepgA9RDgAjyDoS5CaWCdCCPCH2lDkdcqC54SVUCQQDseuduc4wi8h4t
  V8AahUn9fn9gYfhoNuM0gdguTA0nPLVWz4hy1yJiWYQe0H7NLNNTmCKiLQaJpAbb
  TC6vE8C7AkEA0Ee8CMJUc20BnGEmxwgWcVuqFWaKCo8jTH1X38FlATUsyR3krjW2
  dL3yDD9NwHxsYP7nTKp/U8MV7U9IBn4y/wJBAJl7H0/BcLeRmuJk7IqJ7b635iYB
  D/9beFUw3MUXmQXZUfyYz39xf6CDZsu1GEdEC5haykeln3Of4M9d/4Kj+FcCQQCY
  si6xwT7GzMDkk/ko684AV3KPc/h6G0yGtFIrMg7J3uExpR/VdH2KgwMkZXisSMvw
  JJEQjOMCVsEJlRk54WWjAkEAzoZNH6UhDdBK5F38rVt/y4SEHgbSfJHIAmPS32Kq
  f6GGcfNpip0Uk7q7udTKuX7Q/buZi/C4YW7u3VKAquv9NA==
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """)
  
  cleartextCertificatePEM = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIC6TCCAlKgAwIBAgIIPQzE4MbeufQwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwWDELMAkGA1UE
  BhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdDaGljYWdvMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdU
  ZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3QgQ0EwHhcNMTcwNjExMjIzMjU5
  WhcNMzcwNjA2MjIzMjU5WjBYMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMCSUwxEDAO
  BgNVBAcTB0NoaWNhZ28xEDAOBgNVBAoTB1Rlc3RpbmcxGDAWBgNVBAMTD1Rlc3Rp
  bmcgUm9vdCBDQTCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAwgYkCgYEA+ZpC6Yu6ukTn
  bu5IQd0vWmpwNGZbO773xjpgfNP8nspYRqbIwI1np9FbUkJHvzZRDxrTt/LbFewr
  LhZ0prHIbwJxq3CZe+m9FDjh1IA0yKEcQukA1N3JWnoMLKwQPrCRAW6seUXV2yER
  onDxv/KkOGZtUijoKLXG8ImqK9ssWdsCAwEAAaOBuzCBuDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUg1V3
  LV4h8UkMCSTnVAkSjch+BK4wgYgGA1UdIwSBgDB+gBSDVXctXiHxSQwJJOdUCRKN
  yH4ErqFcpFowWDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdD
  aGljYWdvMRAwDgYDVQQKEwdUZXN0aW5nMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3Qg
  Q0GCCD0MxODG3rn0MAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEANFYQ
  R+T70VcZ+SnvURnwviFgCXeedBzCr21meo+DNHbkp2gudB9W8Xrned/wtUBVymy9
  gjB5jINfU7Lci0H57Evsw96UJJVfhXdUMHpqt1RGCoEd9FWnrDyrSy0NysnBT2bH
  lEqxh3aFEUx9IOQ4sgnx1/NOFXBpkRtivl6O0Ec=
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
  
  cleartextPrivateKeyPEM = normalize_privatekey_pem(b"""\
  -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIICXQIBAAKBgQD5mkLpi7q6ROdu7khB3S9aanA0Zls7vvfGOmB80/yeylhGpsjA
  jWen0VtSQke/NlEPGtO38tsV7CsuFnSmschvAnGrcJl76b0UOOHUgDTIoRxC6QDU
  3claegwsrBA+sJEBbqx5RdXbIRGicPG/8qQ4Zm1SKOgotcbwiaor2yxZ2wIDAQAB
  AoGBAPCgMpmLxzwDaUmcFbTJUvlLW1hoxNNYSu2jIZm1k/hRAcE60JYwvBkgz3UB
  yMEh0AtLxYe0bFk6EHah11tMUPgscbCq73snJ++8koUw+csk22G65hOs51bVb7Aa
  6JBe67oLzdtvgCUFAA2qfrKzWRZzAdhUirQUZgySZk+Xq1pBAkEA/kZG0A6roTSM
  BVnx7LnPfsycKUsTumorpXiylZJjTi9XtmzxhrYN6wgZlDOOwOLgSQhszGpxVoMD
  u3gByT1b2QJBAPtL3mSKdvwRu/+40zaZLwvSJRxaj0mcE4BJOS6Oqs/hS1xRlrNk
  PpQ7WJ4yM6ZOLnXzm2mKyxm50Mv64109FtMCQQDOqS2KkjHaLowTGVxwC0DijMfr
  I9Lf8sSQk32J5VWCySWf5gGTfEnpmUa41gKTMJIbqZZLucNuDcOtzUaeWZlZAkA8
  ttXigLnCqR486JDPTi9ZscoZkZ+w7y6e/hH8t6d5Vjt48JVyfjPIaJY+km58LcN3
  6AWSeGAdtRFHVzR7oHjVAkB4hutvxiOeiIVQNBhM6RSI9aBPMI21DoX2JRoxvNW2
  cbvAhow217X9V0dVerEOKxnNYspXRrh36h7k4mQA+sDq
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """)
  
  cleartextCertificateRequestPEM = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
  MIIBnjCCAQcCAQAwXjELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAklMMRAwDgYDVQQH
  EwdDaGljYWdvMRcwFQYDVQQKEw5NeSBDb21wYW55IEx0ZDEXMBUGA1UEAxMORnJl
  ZGVyaWNrIERlYW4wgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBANp6Y17WzKSw
  BsUWkXdqg6tnXy8H8hA1msCMWpc+/2KJ4mbv5NyD6UD+/SqagQqulPbF/DFea9nA
  E0zhmHJELcM8gUTIlXv/cgDWnmK4xj8YkjVUiCdqKRAKeuzLG1pGmwwF5lGeJpXN
  xQn5ecR0UYSOWj6TTGXB9VyUMQzCClcBAgMBAAGgADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOB
  gQAAJGuF/R/GGbeC7FbFW+aJgr9ee0Xbl6nlhu7pTe67k+iiKT2dsl2ti68MVTnu
  Vrb3HUNqOkiwsJf6kCtq5oPn3QVYzTa76Dt2y3Rtzv6boRSlmlfrgS92GNma8JfR
  oICQk3nAudi6zl1Dix3BCv1pUp5KMtGn3MeDEi6QFGy2rA==
  -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
  """
  
  encryptedPrivateKeyPEM = b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
  DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,9573604A18579E9E
  
  SHOho56WxDkT0ht10UTeKc0F5u8cqIa01kzFAmETw0MAs8ezYtK15NPdCXUm3X/2
  a17G7LSF5bkxOgZ7vpXyMzun/owrj7CzvLxyncyEFZWvtvzaAhPhvTJtTIB3kf8B
  8+qRcpTGK7NgXEgYBW5bj1y4qZkD4zCL9o9NQzsKI3Ie8i0239jsDOWR38AxjXBH
  mGwAQ4Z6ZN5dnmM4fhMIWsmFf19sNyAML4gHenQCHhmXbjXeVq47aC2ProInJbrm
  +00TcisbAQ40V9aehVbcDKtS4ZbMVDwncAjpXpcncC54G76N6j7F7wL7L/FuXa3A
  fvSVy9n2VfF/pJ3kYSflLHH2G/DFxjF7dl0GxhKPxJjp3IJi9VtuvmN9R2jZWLQF
  tfC8dXgy/P9CfFQhlinqBTEwgH0oZ/d4k4NVFDSdEMaSdmBAjlHpc+Vfdty3HVnV
  rKXj//wslsFNm9kIwJGIgKUa/n2jsOiydrsk1mgH7SmNCb3YHgZhbbnq0qLat/HC
  gHDt3FHpNQ31QzzL3yrenFB2L9osIsnRsDTPFNi4RX4SpDgNroxOQmyzCCV6H+d4
  o1mcnNiZSdxLZxVKccq0AfRpHqpPAFnJcQHP6xyT9MZp6fBa0XkxDnt9kNU8H3Qw
  7SJWZ69VXjBUzMlQViLuaWMgTnL+ZVyFZf9hTF7U/ef4HMLMAVNdiaGG+G+AjCV/
  MbzjS007Oe4qqBnCWaFPSnJX6uLApeTbqAxAeyCql56ULW5x6vDMNC3dwjvS/CEh
  11n8RkgFIQA0AhuKSIg3CbuartRsJnWOLwgLTzsrKYL4yRog1RJrtw==
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase = b"foobar"
  
  
  cleartextPublicKeyPEM = b"""-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
  MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxszlc+b71LvlLS0ypt/l
  gT/JzSVJtnEqw9WUNGeiChywX2mmQLHEt7KP0JikqUFZOtPclNY823Q4pErMTSWC
  90qlUxI47vNJbXGRfmO2q6Zfw6SE+E9iUb74xezbOJLjBuUIkQzEKEFV+8taiRV+
  ceg1v01yCT2+OjhQW3cxG42zxyRFmqesbQAUWgS3uhPrUQqYQUEiTmVhh4FBUKZ5
  XIneGUpX1S7mXRxTLH6YzRoGFqRoc9A0BBNcoXHTWnxV215k4TeHMFYE5RG0KYAS
  8Xk5iKICEXwnZreIt3jyygqoOKsKZMK/Zl2VhMGhJR6HXRpQCyASzEG7bgtROLhL
  ywIDAQAB
  -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
  """
  
  # Some PKCS#7 stuff.  Generated with the openssl command line:
  #
  #    openssl crl2pkcs7 -inform pem -outform pem -certfile s.pem -nocrl
  #
  # with a certificate and key (but the key should be irrelevant) in s.pem
  pkcs7Data = b"""\
  -----BEGIN PKCS7-----
  MIIDNwYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIDKDCCAyQCAQExADALBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggMKMIID
  BjCCAm+gAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADB7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJTRzERMA8G
  A1UEChMITTJDcnlwdG8xFDASBgNVBAsTC00yQ3J5cHRvIENBMSQwIgYDVQQDExtN
  MkNyeXB0byBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSBNYXN0ZXIxHTAbBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWDm5ncHNA
  cG9zdDEuY29tMB4XDTAwMDkxMDA5NTEzMFoXDTAyMDkxMDA5NTEzMFowUzELMAkG
  A1UEBhMCU0cxETAPBgNVBAoTCE0yQ3J5cHRvMRIwEAYDVQQDEwlsb2NhbGhvc3Qx
  HTAbBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWDm5ncHNAcG9zdDEuY29tMFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAD
  SwAwSAJBAKy+e3dulvXzV7zoTZWc5TzgApr8DmeQHTYC8ydfzH7EECe4R1Xh5kwI
  zOuuFfn178FBiS84gngaNcrFi0Z5fAkCAwEAAaOCAQQwggEAMAkGA1UdEwQCMAAw
  LAYJYIZIAYb4QgENBB8WHU9wZW5TU0wgR2VuZXJhdGVkIENlcnRpZmljYXRlMB0G
  A1UdDgQWBBTPhIKSvnsmYsBVNWjj0m3M2z0qVTCBpQYDVR0jBIGdMIGagBT7hyNp
  65w6kxXlxb8pUU/+7Sg4AaF/pH0wezELMAkGA1UEBhMCU0cxETAPBgNVBAoTCE0y
  Q3J5cHRvMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtNMkNyeXB0byBDQTEkMCIGA1UEAxMbTTJDcnlwdG8g
  Q2VydGlmaWNhdGUgTWFzdGVyMR0wGwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFg5uZ3BzQHBvc3QxLmNv
  bYIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOBgQA7/CqT6PoHycTdhEStWNZde7M/2Yc6BoJu
  VwnW8YxGO8Sn6UJ4FeffZNcYZddSDKosw8LtPOeWoK3JINjAk5jiPQ2cww++7QGG
  /g5NDjxFZNDJP1dGiLAxPW6JXwov4v0FmdzfLOZ01jDcgQQZqEpYlgpuI5JEWUQ9
  Ho4EzbYCOaEAMQA=
  -----END PKCS7-----
  """
  
  pkcs7DataASN1 = base64.b64decode(b"""
  MIIDNwYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIDKDCCAyQCAQExADALBgkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggMKMIID
  BjCCAm+gAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADB7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJTRzERMA8G
  A1UEChMITTJDcnlwdG8xFDASBgNVBAsTC00yQ3J5cHRvIENBMSQwIgYDVQQDExtN
  MkNyeXB0byBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSBNYXN0ZXIxHTAbBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWDm5ncHNA
  cG9zdDEuY29tMB4XDTAwMDkxMDA5NTEzMFoXDTAyMDkxMDA5NTEzMFowUzELMAkG
  A1UEBhMCU0cxETAPBgNVBAoTCE0yQ3J5cHRvMRIwEAYDVQQDEwlsb2NhbGhvc3Qx
  HTAbBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWDm5ncHNAcG9zdDEuY29tMFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAD
  SwAwSAJBAKy+e3dulvXzV7zoTZWc5TzgApr8DmeQHTYC8ydfzH7EECe4R1Xh5kwI
  zOuuFfn178FBiS84gngaNcrFi0Z5fAkCAwEAAaOCAQQwggEAMAkGA1UdEwQCMAAw
  LAYJYIZIAYb4QgENBB8WHU9wZW5TU0wgR2VuZXJhdGVkIENlcnRpZmljYXRlMB0G
  A1UdDgQWBBTPhIKSvnsmYsBVNWjj0m3M2z0qVTCBpQYDVR0jBIGdMIGagBT7hyNp
  65w6kxXlxb8pUU/+7Sg4AaF/pH0wezELMAkGA1UEBhMCU0cxETAPBgNVBAoTCE0y
  Q3J5cHRvMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtNMkNyeXB0byBDQTEkMCIGA1UEAxMbTTJDcnlwdG8g
  Q2VydGlmaWNhdGUgTWFzdGVyMR0wGwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFg5uZ3BzQHBvc3QxLmNv
  bYIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOBgQA7/CqT6PoHycTdhEStWNZde7M/2Yc6BoJu
  VwnW8YxGO8Sn6UJ4FeffZNcYZddSDKosw8LtPOeWoK3JINjAk5jiPQ2cww++7QGG
  /g5NDjxFZNDJP1dGiLAxPW6JXwov4v0FmdzfLOZ01jDcgQQZqEpYlgpuI5JEWUQ9
  Ho4EzbYCOaEAMQA=
  """)
  
  crlData = b"""\
  -----BEGIN X509 CRL-----
  MIIBWzCBxTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADBYMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMC
  SUwxEDAOBgNVBAcTB0NoaWNhZ28xEDAOBgNVBAoTB1Rlc3RpbmcxGDAWBgNVBAMT
  D1Rlc3RpbmcgUm9vdCBDQRcNMDkwNzI2MDQzNDU2WhcNMTIwOTI3MDI0MTUyWjA8
  MBUCAgOrGA8yMDA5MDcyNTIzMzQ1NlowIwICAQAYDzIwMDkwNzI1MjMzNDU2WjAM
  MAoGA1UdFQQDCgEEMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAEBt7xTs2htdD3d4ErrcGAw1
  4dKcVnIWTutoI7xxen26Wwvh8VCsT7i/UeP+rBl9rC/kfjWjzQk3/zleaarGTpBT
  0yp4HXRFFoRhhSE/hP+eteaPXRgrsNRLHe9ZDd69wmh7J1wMDb0m81RG7kqcbsid
  vrzEeLDRiiPl92dyyWmu
  -----END X509 CRL-----
  """
  
  crlDataUnsupportedExtension = b"""\
  -----BEGIN X509 CRL-----
  MIIGRzCCBS8CAQIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwJzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxGDAWBgNV
  BAMMD2NyeXB0b2dyYXBoeS5pbxgPMjAxNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaGA8yMDE2MDEwMTAw
  MDAwMFowggTOMBQCAQAYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAwWjByAgEBGA8yMDE1MDEwMTAw
  MDAwMFowXDAYBgNVHRgEERgPMjAxNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaMDQGA1UdHQQtMCukKTAn
  MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPY3J5cHRvZ3JhcGh5LmlvMAoGA1UdFQQD
  CgEAMHICAQIYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAwWjBcMBgGA1UdGAQRGA8yMDE1MDEwMTAw
  MDAwMFowNAYDVR0dBC0wK6QpMCcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRgwFgYDVQQDDA9jcnlw
  dG9ncmFwaHkuaW8wCgYDVR0VBAMKAQEwcgIBAxgPMjAxNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaMFww
  GAYDVR0YBBEYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAwWjA0BgNVHR0ELTArpCkwJzELMAkGA1UE
  BhMCVVMxGDAWBgNVBAMMD2NyeXB0b2dyYXBoeS5pbzAKBgNVHRUEAwoBAjByAgEE
  GA8yMDE1MDEwMTAwMDAwMFowXDAYBgNVHRgEERgPMjAxNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaMDQG
  A1UdHQQtMCukKTAnMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPY3J5cHRvZ3JhcGh5
  LmlvMAoGA1UdFQQDCgEDMHICAQUYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAwWjBcMBgGA1UdGAQR
  GA8yMDE1MDEwMTAwMDAwMFowNAYDVR0dBC0wK6QpMCcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRgw
  FgYDVQQDDA9jcnlwdG9ncmFwaHkuaW8wCgYDVR0VBAMKAQQwcgIBBhgPMjAxNTAx
  MDEwMDAwMDBaMFwwGAYDVR0YBBEYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAwWjA0BgNVHR0ELTAr
  pCkwJzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxGDAWBgNVBAMMD2NyeXB0b2dyYXBoeS5pbzAKBgNV
  HRUEAwoBBTByAgEHGA8yMDE1MDEwMTAwMDAwMFowXDAYBgNVHRgEERgPMjAxNTAx
  MDEwMDAwMDBaMDQGA1UdHQQtMCukKTAnMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEYMBYGA1UEAwwP
  Y3J5cHRvZ3JhcGh5LmlvMAoGA1UdFQQDCgEGMHICAQgYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAw
  WjBcMBgGA1UdGAQRGA8yMDE1MDEwMTAwMDAwMFowNAYDVR0dBC0wK6QpMCcxCzAJ
  BgNVBAYTAlVTMRgwFgYDVQQDDA9jcnlwdG9ncmFwaHkuaW8wCgYDVR0VBAMKAQgw
  cgIBCRgPMjAxNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaMFwwGAYDVR0YBBEYDzIwMTUwMTAxMDAwMDAw
  WjA0BgNVHR0ELTArpCkwJzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxGDAWBgNVBAMMD2NyeXB0b2dy
  YXBoeS5pbzAKBgNVHRUEAwoBCTByAgEKGA8yMDE1MDEwMTAwMDAwMFowXDAYBgNV
  HRgEERgPMjAxNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaMDQGA1UdHQQtMCukKTAnMQswCQYDVQQGEwJV
  UzEYMBYGA1UEAwwPY3J5cHRvZ3JhcGh5LmlvMAoGA1UdFQQDCgEKMC4CAQsYDzIw
  MTUwMTAxMDAwMDAwWjAYMAoGA1UdFQQDCgEBMAoGAyoDBAQDCgEAMA0GCSqGSIb3
  DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBTaloHlPaCZzYee8LxkWej5meiqxQVNWFoVdjesroa+f1FRrH+
  drRU60Nq97KCKf7f9GNN/J3ZIlQmYhmuDqh12f+XLpotoj1ZRfBz2hjFCkJlv+2c
  oWWGNHgA70ndFoVtcmX088SYpX8E3ARATivS4q2h9WlwV6rO93mhg3HGIe3JpcK4
  7BcW6Poi/ut/zsDOkVbI00SqaujRpdmdCTht82MH3ztjyDkI9KYaD/YEweKSrWOz
  SdEILd164bfBeLuplVI+xpmTEMVNpXBlSXl7+xIw9Vk7p7Q1Pa3k/SvhOldYCm6y
  C1xAg/AAq6w78yzYt18j5Mj0s6eeHi1YpHKw
  -----END X509 CRL-----
  """
  
  
  # A broken RSA private key which can be used to test the error path through
  # PKey.check.
  inconsistentPrivateKeyPEM = b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIIBPAIBAAJBAKy+e3dulvXzV7zoTZWc5TzgApr8DmeQHTYC8ydfzH7EECe4R1Xh
  5kwIzOuuFfn178FBiS84gngaNcrFi0Z5fAkCAwEaAQJBAIqm/bz4NA1H++Vx5Ewx
  OcKp3w19QSaZAwlGRtsUxrP7436QjnREM3Bm8ygU11BjkPVmtrKm6AayQfCHqJoT
  zIECIQDW0BoMoL0HOYM/mrTLhaykYAVqgIeJsPjvkEhTFXWBuQIhAM3deFAvWNu4
  nklUQ37XsCT2c9tmNt1LAT+slG2JOTTRAiAuXDtC/m3NYVwyHfFm+zKHRzHkClk2
  HjubeEgjpj32AQIhAJqMGTaZVOwevTXvvHwNeH+vRWsAYU/gbx+OQB+7VOcBAiEA
  oolb6NMg/R3enNPvS1O4UU1H8wpaF77L4yiSWlE0p4w=
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  # certificate with NULL bytes in subjectAltName and common name
  
  nulbyteSubjectAltNamePEM = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIE2DCCA8CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBxTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMx
  DzANBgNVBAgMBk9yZWdvbjESMBAGA1UEBwwJQmVhdmVydG9uMSMwIQYDVQQKDBpQ
  eXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjEgMB4GA1UECwwXUHl0aG9uIENvcmUg
  RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQxJDAiBgNVBAMMG251bGwucHl0aG9uLm9yZwBleGFtcGxlLm9y
  ZzEkMCIGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYVcHl0aG9uLWRldkBweXRob24ub3JnMB4XDTEzMDgw
  NzEzMTE1MloXDTEzMDgwNzEzMTI1MlowgcUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQ8wDQYDVQQI
  DAZPcmVnb24xEjAQBgNVBAcMCUJlYXZlcnRvbjEjMCEGA1UECgwaUHl0aG9uIFNv
  ZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24xIDAeBgNVBAsMF1B5dGhvbiBDb3JlIERldmVsb3Bt
  ZW50MSQwIgYDVQQDDBtudWxsLnB5dGhvbi5vcmcAZXhhbXBsZS5vcmcxJDAiBgkq
  hkiG9w0BCQEWFXB5dGhvbi1kZXZAcHl0aG9uLm9yZzCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEB
  BQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALXq7cn7Rn1vO3aA3TrzA5QLp6bb7B3f/yN0CJ2XFj+j
  pHs+Gw6WWSUDpybiiKnPec33BFawq3kyblnBMjBU61ioy5HwQqVkJ8vUVjGIUq3P
  vX/wBmQfzCe4o4uM89gpHyUL9UYGG8oCRa17dgqcv7u5rg0Wq2B1rgY+nHwx3JIv
  KRrgSwyRkGzpN8WQ1yrXlxWjgI9de0mPVDDUlywcWze1q2kwaEPTM3hLAmD1PESA
  oY/n8A/RXoeeRs9i/Pm/DGUS8ZPINXk/yOzsR/XvvkTVroIeLZqfmFpnZeF0cHzL
  08LODkVJJ9zjLdT7SA4vnne4FEbAxDbKAq5qkYzaL4UCAwEAAaOB0DCBzTAMBgNV
  HRMBAf8EAjAAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBSIWlXAUv9hzVKjNQ/qWpwkOCL3XDALBgNVHQ8E
  BAMCBeAwgZAGA1UdEQSBiDCBhYIeYWx0bnVsbC5weXRob24ub3JnAGV4YW1wbGUu
  Y29tgSBudWxsQHB5dGhvbi5vcmcAdXNlckBleGFtcGxlLm9yZ4YpaHR0cDovL251
  bGwucHl0aG9uLm9yZwBodHRwOi8vZXhhbXBsZS5vcmeHBMAAAgGHECABDbgAAAAA
  AAAAAAAAAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAKxPRe99SaghcI6IWT7UNkJw9aO9
  i9eo0Fj2MUqxpKbdb9noRDy2CnHWf7EIYZ1gznXPdwzSN4YCjV5d+Q9xtBaowT0j
  HPERs1ZuytCNNJTmhyqZ8q6uzMLoht4IqH/FBfpvgaeC5tBTnTT0rD5A/olXeimk
  kX4LxlEx5RAvpGB2zZVRGr6LobD9rVK91xuHYNIxxxfEGE8tCCWjp0+3ksri9SXx
  VHWBnbM9YaL32u3hxm8sYB/Yb8WSBavJCWJJqRStVRHM1koZlJmXNx2BX4vPo6iW
  RFEIPQsFZRLrtnCAiEhyT8bC2s/Njlu6ly9gtJZWSV46Q3ZjBL4q9sHKqZQ=
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----"""
  
  large_key_pem = b"""-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIIJYgIBAAKCAg4AtRua8eIeevRfsj+fkcHr1vmse7Kgb+oX1ssJAvCb1R7JQMnH
  hNDjDP6b3vEkZuPUzlDHymP+cNkXvvi4wJ4miVbO3+SeU4Sh+jmsHeHzGIXat9xW
  9PFtuPM5FQq8zvkY8aDeRYmYwN9JKu4/neMBCBqostYlTEWg+bSytO/qWnyHTHKh
  g0GfaDdqUQPsGQw+J0MgaYIjQOCVASHAPlzbDQLCtuOb587rwTLkZA2GwoHB/LyJ
  BwT0HHgBaiObE12Vs6wi2en0Uu11CiwEuK1KIBcZ2XbE6eApaZa6VH9ysEmUxPt7
  TqyZ4E2oMIYaLPNRxuvozdwTlj1svI1k1FrkaXGc5MTjbgigPMKjIb0T7b/4GNzt
  DhP1LvAeUMnrEi3hJJrcJPXHPqS8/RiytR9xQQW6Sdh4LaA3f9MQm3WSevWage3G
  P8YcCLssOVKsArDjuA52NF5LmYuAeUzXprm4ITDi2oO+0iFBpFW6VPEK4A9vO0Yk
  M/6Wt6tG8zyWhaSH1zFUTwfQ9Yvjyt5w1lrUaAJuoTpwbMVZaDJaEhjOaXU0dyPQ
  jOsePDOQcU6dkeTWsQ3LsHPEEug/X6819TLG5mb3V7bvV9nPFBfTJSCEG794kr90
  XgZfIN71FrdByxLerlbuJI21pPs/nZi9SXi9jAWeiS45/azUxMsyYgJArui+gjq7
  sV1pWiBm6/orAgMBAAECggINQp5L6Yu+oIXBqcSjgq8tfF9M5hd30pLuf/EheHZf
  LA7uAqn2fVGFI2OInIJhXIOT5OxsAXO0xXfltzawZxIFpOFMqajj4F7aYjvSpw9V
  J4EdSiJ/zgv8y1qUdbwEZbHVThRZjoSlrtSzilonBoHZAE0mHtqMz7iRFSk1zz6t
  GunRrvo/lROPentf3TsvHquVNUYI5yaapyO1S7xJhecMIIYSb8nbsHI54FBDGNas
  6mFmpPwI/47/6HTwOEWupnn3NicsjrHzUInOUpaMig4cRR+aP5bjqg/ty8xI8AoN
  evEmCytiWTc+Rvbp1ieN+1jpjN18PjUk80/W7qioHUDt4ieLic8uxWH2VD9SCEnX
  Mpi9tA/FqoZ+2A/3m1OfrY6jiZVE2g+asi9lCK7QVWL39eK82H4rPvtp0/dyo1/i
  ZZz68TXg+m8IgEZcp88hngbkuoTTzpGE73QuPKhGA1uMIimDdqPPB5WP76q+03Oi
  IRR5DfZnqPERed49by0enJ7tKa/gFPZizOV8ALKr0Dp+vfAkxGDLPLBLd2A3//tw
  xg0Q/wltihHSBujv4nYlDXdc5oYyMYZ+Lhc/VuOghHfBq3tgEQ1ECM/ofqXEIdy7
  nVcpZn3Eeq8Jl5CrqxE1ee3NxlzsJHn99yGQpr7mOhW/psJF3XNz80Meg3L4m1T8
  sMBK0GbaassuJhdzb5whAoIBBw48sx1b1WR4XxQc5O/HjHva+l16i2pjUnOUTcDF
  RWmSbIhBm2QQ2rVhO8+fak0tkl6ZnMWW4i0U/X5LOEBbC7+IS8bO3j3Revi+Vw5x
  j96LMlIe9XEub5i/saEWgiz7maCvfzLFU08e1OpT4qPDpP293V400ubA6R7WQTCv
  pBkskGwHeu0l/TuKkVqBFFUTu7KEbps8Gjg7MkJaFriAOv1zis/umK8pVS3ZAM6e
  8w5jfpRccn8Xzta2fRwTB5kCmfxdDsY0oYGxPLRAbW72bORoLGuyyPp/ojeGwoik
  JX9RttErc6FjyZtks370Pa8UL5QskyhMbDhrZW2jFD+RXYM1BrvmZRjbAoIBBwy4
  iFJpuDfytJfz1MWtaL5DqEL/kmiZYAXl6hifNhGu5GAipVIIGsDqEYW4i+VC15aa
  7kOCwz/I5zsB3vSDW96IRs4wXtqEZSibc2W/bqfVi+xcvPPl1ZhQ2EAwa4D/x035
  kyf20ffWOU+1yf2cnijzqs3IzlveUm+meLw5s3Rc+iG7DPWWeCoe1hVwANI1euNc
  pqKwKY905yFyjOje2OgiEU2kS4YME4zGeBys8yo7E42hNnN2EPK6xkkUqzdudLLQ
  8OUlKRTc8AbIf3XG1rpA4VUpTv3hhxGGwCRy6If8zgZQsNYchgNztRGk72Gcb8Dm
  vFSEN3ZtwxU64G3YZzntdcr2WPzxAoIBBw30g6Fgdb/gmVnOpL0//T0ePNDKIMPs
  jVJLaRduhoZgB1Bb9qPUPX0SzRzLZtg1tkZSDjBDoHmOHJfhxUaXt+FLCPPbrE4t
  +nq9n/nBaMM779w9ClqhqLOyGrwKoxjSmhi+TVEHyIxCbXMvPHVHfX9WzxjbcGrN
  ZvRaEVZWo+QlIX8yqdSwqxLk1WtAIRzvlcj7NKum8xBxPed6BNFep/PtgIAmoLT5
  L8wb7EWb2iUdc2KbZ4OaY51lDScqpATgXu3WjXfM+Q52G0mX6Wyd0cjlL711Zrjb
  yLbiueZT94lgIHHRRKtKc8CEqcjkQV5OzABS3P/gQSfgZXBdLKjOpTnKDUq7IBeH
  AoIBBweAOEIAPLQg1QRUrr3xRrYKRwlakgZDii9wJt1l5AgBTICzbTA1vzDJ1JM5
  AqSpCV6w9JWyYVcXK+HLdKBRZLaPPNEQDJ5lOxD6uMziWGl2rg8tj+1xNMWfxiPz
  aTCjoe4EoBUMoTq2gwzRcM2usEQNikXVhnj9Wzaivsaeb4bJ3GRPW5DkrO6JSEtT
  w+gvyMqQM2Hy5k7E7BT46sXVwaj/jZxuqGnebRixXtnp0WixdRIqYWUr1UqLf6hQ
  G7WP2BgoxCMaCmNW8+HMD/xuxucEotoIhZ+GgJKBFoNnjl3BX+qxYdSe9RbL/5Tr
  4It6Jxtj8uETJXEbv9Cg6v1agWPS9YY8RLTBAoIBBwrU2AsAUts6h1LgGLKK3UWZ
  oLH5E+4o+7HqSGRcRodVeN9NBXIYdHHOLeEG6YNGJiJ3bFP5ZQEu9iDsyoFVKJ9O
  Mw/y6dKZuxOCZ+X8FopSROg3yWfdOpAm6cnQZp3WqLNX4n/Q6WvKojfyEiPphjwT
  0ymrUJELXLWJmjUyPoAk6HgC0Gs28ZnEXbyhx7CSbZNFyCU/PNUDZwto3GisIPD3
  le7YjqHugezmjMGlA0sDw5aCXjfbl74vowRFYMO6e3ItApfSRgNV86CDoX74WI/5
  AYU/QVM4wGt8XGT2KwDFJaxYGKsGDMWmXY04dS+WPuetCbouWUusyFwRb9SzFave
  vYeU7Ab/
  -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
  
  ec_private_key_pem = b"""-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIGHAgEAMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHBG0wawIBAQQgYirTZSx+5O8Y6tlG
  cka6W6btJiocdrdolfcukSoTEk+hRANCAAQkvPNu7Pa1GcsWU4v7ptNfqCJVq8Cx
  zo0MUVPQgwJ3aJtNM1QMOQUayCrRwfklg+D/rFSUwEUqtZh7fJDiFqz3
  -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  ec_root_key_pem = b"""-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
  MIGlAgEBBDEAz/HOBFPYLB0jLWeTpJn4Yc4m/C4mdWymVHBjOmnwiPHKT326iYN/
  ZhmSs+RM94RsoAcGBSuBBAAioWQDYgAEwE5vDdla/nLpWAPAQ0yFGqwLuw4BcN2r
  U+sKab5EAEHzLeceRa8ffncYdCXNoVsBcdob1y66CFZMEWLetPTmGapyWkBAs6/L
  8kUlkU9OsE+7IVo4QQJkgV5gM+Dim1XE
  -----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
  """
  
  ec_root_cert_pem = b"""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIICLTCCAbKgAwIBAgIMWW/hwTl6ufz6/WkCMAoGCCqGSM49BAMDMFgxGDAWBgNV
  BAMTD1Rlc3RpbmcgUm9vdCBDQTEQMA4GA1UEChMHVGVzdGluZzEQMA4GA1UEBxMH
  Q2hpY2FnbzELMAkGA1UECBMCSUwxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMCAXDTE3MDcxOTIyNDgz
  M1oYDzk5OTkxMjMxMjM1OTU5WjBYMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9UZXN0aW5nIFJvb3QgQ0Ex
  EDAOBgNVBAoTB1Rlc3RpbmcxEDAOBgNVBAcTB0NoaWNhZ28xCzAJBgNVBAgTAklM
  MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzB2MBAGByqGSM49AgEGBSuBBAAiA2IABMBObw3ZWv5y6VgD
  wENMhRqsC7sOAXDdq1PrCmm+RABB8y3nHkWvH353GHQlzaFbAXHaG9cuughWTBFi
  3rT05hmqclpAQLOvy/JFJZFPTrBPuyFaOEECZIFeYDPg4ptVxKNDMEEwDwYDVR0T
  AQH/BAUwAwEB/zAPBgNVHQ8BAf8EBQMDBwQAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBSoTrF0H2m8RDzB
  MnY2KReEPfz7ZjAKBggqhkjOPQQDAwNpADBmAjEA3+G1oVCxGjYX4iUN93QYcNHe
  e3fJQJwX9+KsHRut6qNZDUbvRbtO1YIAwB4UJZjwAjEAtXCPURS5A4McZHnSwgTi
  Td8GMrwKz0557OxxtKN6uVVy4ACFMqEw0zN/KJI1vxc9
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----"""
  
  
  @pytest.fixture
  def x509_data():
      """
      Create a new private key and start a certificate request (for a test
      to finish in one way or another).
      """
      # Basic setup stuff to generate a certificate
      pkey = PKey()
      pkey.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 384)
      req = X509Req()
      req.set_pubkey(pkey)
      # Authority good you have.
      req.get_subject().commonName = "Yoda root CA"
      x509 = X509()
      subject = x509.get_subject()
      subject.commonName = req.get_subject().commonName
      x509.set_issuer(subject)
      x509.set_pubkey(pkey)
      now = datetime.now()
      expire = datetime.now() + timedelta(days=100)
      x509.set_notBefore(now.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ").encode())
      x509.set_notAfter(expire.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ").encode())
      yield pkey, x509
  
  
  class TestX509Ext(object):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.X509Extension`.
      """
  
      def test_str(self):
          """
          The string representation of `X509Extension` instances as
          returned by `str` includes stuff.
          """
          # This isn't necessarily the best string representation.  Perhaps it
          # will be changed/improved in the future.
          assert (
              str(X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:false')) ==
              'CA:FALSE'
          )
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `X509Extension` and `X509ExtensionType` refer to the same type object
          and can be used to create instances of that type.
          """
          assert X509Extension is X509ExtensionType
          assert is_consistent_type(
              X509Extension,
              'X509Extension', b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:true')
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          `X509Extension` accepts an extension type name, a critical flag,
          and an extension value and returns an `X509ExtensionType` instance.
          """
          basic = X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:true')
          assert isinstance(basic, X509ExtensionType)
  
          comment = X509Extension(b'nsComment', False, b'pyOpenSSL unit test')
          assert isinstance(comment, X509ExtensionType)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_name, critical, value', [
          (b'thisIsMadeUp', False, b'hi'),
          (b'basicConstraints', False, b'blah blah'),
  
          # Exercise a weird one (an extension which uses the r2i method).  This
          # exercises the codepath that requires a non-NULL ctx to be passed to
          # X509V3_EXT_nconf.  It can't work now because we provide no
          # configuration database.  It might be made to work in the future.
          (b'proxyCertInfo', True,
           b'language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:1,policy:text:AB')
      ])
      def test_invalid_extension(self, type_name, critical, value):
          """
          `X509Extension` raises something if it is passed a bad
          extension name or value.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              X509Extension(type_name, critical, value)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('critical_flag', [True, False])
      def test_get_critical(self, critical_flag):
          """
          `X509ExtensionType.get_critical` returns the value of the
          extension's critical flag.
          """
          ext = X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', critical_flag, b'CA:true')
          assert ext.get_critical() == critical_flag
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('short_name, value', [
          (b'basicConstraints', b'CA:true'),
          (b'nsComment', b'foo bar'),
      ])
      def test_get_short_name(self, short_name, value):
          """
          `X509ExtensionType.get_short_name` returns a string giving the
          short type name of the extension.
          """
          ext = X509Extension(short_name, True, value)
          assert ext.get_short_name() == short_name
  
      def test_get_data(self):
          """
          `X509Extension.get_data` returns a string giving the data of
          the extension.
          """
          ext = X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:true')
          # Expect to get back the DER encoded form of CA:true.
          assert ext.get_data() == b'0\x03\x01\x01\xff'
  
      def test_unused_subject(self, x509_data):
          """
          The `subject` parameter to `X509Extension` may be provided for an
          extension which does not use it and is ignored in this case.
          """
          pkey, x509 = x509_data
          ext1 = X509Extension(
              b'basicConstraints', False, b'CA:TRUE', subject=x509)
          x509.add_extensions([ext1])
          x509.sign(pkey, 'sha1')
          # This is a little lame.  Can we think of a better way?
          text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, x509)
          assert b'X509v3 Basic Constraints:' in text
          assert b'CA:TRUE' in text
  
      def test_subject(self, x509_data):
          """
          If an extension requires a subject, the `subject` parameter to
          `X509Extension` provides its value.
          """
          pkey, x509 = x509_data
          ext3 = X509Extension(
              b'subjectKeyIdentifier', False, b'hash', subject=x509)
          x509.add_extensions([ext3])
          x509.sign(pkey, 'sha1')
          text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, x509)
          assert b'X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:' in text
  
      def test_missing_subject(self):
          """
          If an extension requires a subject and the `subject` parameter
          is given no value, something happens.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              X509Extension(b'subjectKeyIdentifier', False, b'hash')
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('bad_obj', [
          True,
          object(),
          "hello",
          [],
      ])
      def test_invalid_subject(self, bad_obj):
          """
          If the `subject` parameter is given a value which is not an
          `X509` instance, `TypeError` is raised.
          """
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              X509Extension(
                  'basicConstraints', False, 'CA:TRUE', subject=bad_obj)
  
      def test_unused_issuer(self, x509_data):
          """
          The `issuer` parameter to `X509Extension` may be provided for an
          extension which does not use it and is ignored in this case.
          """
          pkey, x509 = x509_data
          ext1 = X509Extension(
              b'basicConstraints', False, b'CA:TRUE', issuer=x509)
          x509.add_extensions([ext1])
          x509.sign(pkey, 'sha1')
          text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, x509)
          assert b'X509v3 Basic Constraints:' in text
          assert b'CA:TRUE' in text
  
      def test_issuer(self, x509_data):
          """
          If an extension requires an issuer, the `issuer` parameter to
          `X509Extension` provides its value.
          """
          pkey, x509 = x509_data
          ext2 = X509Extension(
              b'authorityKeyIdentifier', False, b'issuer:always',
              issuer=x509)
          x509.add_extensions([ext2])
          x509.sign(pkey, 'sha1')
          text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, x509)
          assert b'X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:' in text
          assert b'DirName:/CN=Yoda root CA' in text
  
      def test_missing_issuer(self):
          """
          If an extension requires an issue and the `issuer` parameter is
          given no value, something happens.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              X509Extension(
                  b'authorityKeyIdentifier',
                  False, b'keyid:always,issuer:always')
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('bad_obj', [
          True,
          object(),
          "hello",
          [],
      ])
      def test_invalid_issuer(self, bad_obj):
          """
          If the `issuer` parameter is given a value which is not an
          `X509` instance, `TypeError` is raised.
          """
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              X509Extension(
                  'basicConstraints', False, 'keyid:always,issuer:always',
                  issuer=bad_obj)
  
  
  class TestPKey(object):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.PKey`.
      """
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography_private_key(self):
          """
          PKey.from_cryptography_key creates a proper private PKey.
          """
          key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
              intermediate_key_pem, None, backend
          )
          pkey = PKey.from_cryptography_key(key)
  
          assert isinstance(pkey, PKey)
          assert pkey.bits() == key.key_size
          assert pkey._only_public is False
          assert pkey._initialized is True
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography_public_key(self):
          """
          PKey.from_cryptography_key creates a proper public PKey.
          """
          key = serialization.load_pem_public_key(cleartextPublicKeyPEM, backend)
          pkey = PKey.from_cryptography_key(key)
  
          assert isinstance(pkey, PKey)
          assert pkey.bits() == key.key_size
          assert pkey._only_public is True
          assert pkey._initialized is True
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography_unsupported_type(self):
          """
          PKey.from_cryptography_key raises TypeError with an unsupported type.
          """
          key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
              ec_private_key_pem, None, backend
          )
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              PKey.from_cryptography_key(key)
  
      def test_convert_public_pkey_to_cryptography_key(self):
          """
          PKey.to_cryptography_key creates a proper cryptography public key.
          """
          pkey = load_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
          key = pkey.to_cryptography_key()
  
          assert isinstance(key, rsa.RSAPublicKey)
          assert pkey.bits() == key.key_size
  
      def test_convert_private_pkey_to_cryptography_key(self):
          """
          PKey.to_cryptography_key creates a proper cryptography private key.
          """
          pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          key = pkey.to_cryptography_key()
  
          assert isinstance(key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey)
          assert pkey.bits() == key.key_size
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `PKey` and `PKeyType` refer to the same type object and can be used to
          create instances of that type.
          """
          assert PKey is PKeyType
          assert is_consistent_type(PKey, 'PKey')
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          `PKey` takes no arguments and returns a new `PKey` instance.
          """
          key = PKey()
          assert isinstance(key, PKey)
  
      def test_pregeneration(self):
          """
          `PKey.bits` and `PKey.type` return `0` before the key is generated.
          `PKey.check` raises `TypeError` before the key is generated.
          """
          key = PKey()
          assert key.type() == 0
          assert key.bits() == 0
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              key.check()
  
      def test_failed_generation(self):
          """
          `PKey.generate_key` takes two arguments, the first giving the key type
          as one of `TYPE_RSA` or `TYPE_DSA` and the second giving the number of
          bits to generate.  If an invalid type is specified or generation fails,
          `Error` is raised.  If an invalid number of bits is specified,
          `ValueError` or `Error` is raised.
          """
          key = PKey()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              key.generate_key("foo", "bar")
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              key.generate_key(-1, 0)
  
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, -1)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 0)
  
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, object())
  
          # XXX RSA generation for small values of bits is fairly buggy in a wide
          # range of OpenSSL versions.  I need to figure out what the safe lower
          # bound for a reasonable number of OpenSSL versions is and explicitly
          # check for that in the wrapper.  The failure behavior is typically an
          # infinite loop inside OpenSSL.
  
          # with pytest.raises(Error):
          #     key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 2)
  
          # XXX DSA generation seems happy with any number of bits.  The DSS
          # says bits must be between 512 and 1024 inclusive.  OpenSSL's DSA
          # generator doesn't seem to care about the upper limit at all.  For
          # the lower limit, it uses 512 if anything smaller is specified.
          # So, it doesn't seem possible to make generate_key fail for
          # TYPE_DSA with a bits argument which is at least an int.
  
          # with pytest.raises(Error):
          #     key.generate_key(TYPE_DSA, -7)
  
      def test_rsa_generation(self):
          """
          `PKey.generate_key` generates an RSA key when passed `TYPE_RSA` as a
          type and a reasonable number of bits.
          """
          bits = 128
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, bits)
          assert key.type() == TYPE_RSA
          assert key.bits() == bits
          assert key.check()
  
      def test_dsa_generation(self):
          """
          `PKey.generate_key` generates a DSA key when passed `TYPE_DSA` as a
          type and a reasonable number of bits.
          """
          # 512 is a magic number.  The DSS (Digital Signature Standard)
          # allows a minimum of 512 bits for DSA.  DSA_generate_parameters
          # will silently promote any value below 512 to 512.
          bits = 512
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_DSA, bits)
          assert key.type() == TYPE_DSA
          assert key.bits() == bits
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              key.check()
  
      def test_regeneration(self):
          """
          `PKey.generate_key` can be called multiple times on the same key to
          generate new keys.
          """
          key = PKey()
          for type, bits in [(TYPE_RSA, 512), (TYPE_DSA, 576)]:
              key.generate_key(type, bits)
              assert key.type() == type
              assert key.bits() == bits
  
      def test_inconsistent_key(self):
          """
          `PKey.check` returns `Error` if the key is not consistent.
          """
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, inconsistentPrivateKeyPEM)
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              key.check()
  
      def test_check_public_key(self):
          """
          `PKey.check` raises `TypeError` if only the public part of the key
          is available.
          """
          # A trick to get a public-only key
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          cert = X509()
          cert.set_pubkey(key)
          pub = cert.get_pubkey()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              pub.check()
  
  
  def x509_name(**attrs):
      """
      Return a new X509Name with the given attributes.
      """
      # XXX There's no other way to get a new X509Name yet.
      name = X509().get_subject()
      attrs = list(attrs.items())
  
      # Make the order stable - order matters!
      def key(attr):
          return attr[1]
      attrs.sort(key=key)
      for k, v in attrs:
          setattr(name, k, v)
      return name
  
  
  class TestX509Name(object):
      """
      Unit tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.X509Name`.
      """
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          The type of X509Name objects is `X509NameType`.
          """
          assert X509Name is X509NameType
          assert X509NameType.__name__ == 'X509Name'
          assert isinstance(X509NameType, type)
  
          name = x509_name()
          assert isinstance(name, X509NameType)
  
      def test_only_string_attributes(self):
          """
          Attempting to set a non-`str` attribute name on an `X509Name` instance
          causes `TypeError` to be raised.
          """
          name = x509_name()
          # Beyond these cases, you may also think that unicode should be
          # rejected.  Sorry, you're wrong.  unicode is automatically converted
          # to str outside of the control of X509Name, so there's no way to
          # reject it.
  
          # Also, this used to test str subclasses, but that test is less
          # relevant now that the implementation is in Python instead of C.  Also
          # PyPy automatically converts str subclasses to str when they are
          # passed to setattr, so we can't test it on PyPy.  Apparently CPython
          # does this sometimes as well.
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              setattr(name, None, "hello")
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              setattr(name, 30, "hello")
  
      def test_set_invalid_attribute(self):
          """
          Attempting to set any attribute name on an `X509Name` instance for
          which no corresponding NID is defined causes `AttributeError` to be
          raised.
          """
          name = x509_name()
          with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
              setattr(name, "no such thing", None)
  
      def test_attributes(self):
          """
          `X509Name` instances have attributes for each standard (?)
          X509Name field.
          """
          name = x509_name()
          name.commonName = "foo"
          assert name.commonName == "foo"
          assert name.CN == "foo"
  
          name.CN = "baz"
          assert name.commonName == "baz"
          assert name.CN == "baz"
  
          name.commonName = "bar"
          assert name.commonName == "bar"
          assert name.CN == "bar"
  
          name.CN = "quux"
          assert name.commonName == "quux"
          assert name.CN == "quux"
  
          assert name.OU is None
  
          with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
              name.foobar
  
      def test_copy(self):
          """
          `X509Name` creates a new `X509Name` instance with all the same
          attributes as an existing `X509Name` instance when called with one.
          """
          name = x509_name(commonName="foo", emailAddress="bar@example.com")
  
          copy = X509Name(name)
          assert copy.commonName == "foo"
          assert copy.emailAddress == "bar@example.com"
  
          # Mutate the copy and ensure the original is unmodified.
          copy.commonName = "baz"
          assert name.commonName == "foo"
  
          # Mutate the original and ensure the copy is unmodified.
          name.emailAddress = "quux@example.com"
          assert copy.emailAddress == "bar@example.com"
  
      def test_repr(self):
          """
          `repr` passed an `X509Name` instance should return a string containing
          a description of the type and the NIDs which have been set on it.
          """
          name = x509_name(commonName="foo", emailAddress="bar")
          assert repr(name) == "<X509Name object '/emailAddress=bar/CN=foo'>"
  
      def test_comparison(self):
          """
          `X509Name` instances should compare based on their NIDs.
          """
          def _equality(a, b, assert_true, assert_false):
              assert_true(a == b)
              assert_false(a != b)
              assert_true(b == a)
              assert_false(b != a)
  
          def assert_true(x):
              assert x
  
          def assert_false(x):
              assert not x
  
          def assert_equal(a, b):
              _equality(a, b, assert_true, assert_false)
  
          # Instances compare equal to themselves.
          name = x509_name()
          assert_equal(name, name)
  
          # Empty instances should compare equal to each other.
          assert_equal(x509_name(), x509_name())
  
          # Instances with equal NIDs should compare equal to each other.
          assert_equal(x509_name(commonName="foo"),
                       x509_name(commonName="foo"))
  
          # Instance with equal NIDs set using different aliases should compare
          # equal to each other.
          assert_equal(x509_name(commonName="foo"),
                       x509_name(CN="foo"))
  
          # Instances with more than one NID with the same values should compare
          # equal to each other.
          assert_equal(x509_name(CN="foo", organizationalUnitName="bar"),
                       x509_name(commonName="foo", OU="bar"))
  
          def assert_not_equal(a, b):
              _equality(a, b, assert_false, assert_true)
  
          # Instances with different values for the same NID should not compare
          # equal to each other.
          assert_not_equal(x509_name(CN="foo"),
                           x509_name(CN="bar"))
  
          # Instances with different NIDs should not compare equal to each other.
          assert_not_equal(x509_name(CN="foo"),
                           x509_name(OU="foo"))
  
          assert_not_equal(x509_name(), object())
  
          def _inequality(a, b, assert_true, assert_false):
              assert_true(a < b)
              assert_true(a <= b)
              assert_true(b > a)
              assert_true(b >= a)
              assert_false(a > b)
              assert_false(a >= b)
              assert_false(b < a)
              assert_false(b <= a)
  
          def assert_less_than(a, b):
              _inequality(a, b, assert_true, assert_false)
  
          # An X509Name with a NID with a value which sorts less than the value
          # of the same NID on another X509Name compares less than the other
          # X509Name.
          assert_less_than(x509_name(CN="abc"),
                           x509_name(CN="def"))
  
          def assert_greater_than(a, b):
              _inequality(a, b, assert_false, assert_true)
  
          # An X509Name with a NID with a value which sorts greater than the
          # value of the same NID on another X509Name compares greater than the
          # other X509Name.
          assert_greater_than(x509_name(CN="def"),
                              x509_name(CN="abc"))
  
      def test_hash(self):
          """
          `X509Name.hash` returns an integer hash based on the value of the name.
          """
          a = x509_name(CN="foo")
          b = x509_name(CN="foo")
          assert a.hash() == b.hash()
          a.CN = "bar"
          assert a.hash() != b.hash()
  
      def test_der(self):
          """
          `X509Name.der` returns the DER encoded form of the name.
          """
          a = x509_name(CN="foo", C="US")
          assert (a.der() ==
                  b'0\x1b1\x0b0\t\x06\x03U\x04\x06\x13\x02US'
                  b'1\x0c0\n\x06\x03U\x04\x03\x0c\x03foo')
  
      def test_get_components(self):
          """
          `X509Name.get_components` returns a `list` of two-tuples of `str`
          giving the NIDs and associated values which make up the name.
          """
          a = x509_name()
          assert a.get_components() == []
          a.CN = "foo"
          assert a.get_components() == [(b"CN", b"foo")]
          a.organizationalUnitName = "bar"
          assert a.get_components() == [(b"CN", b"foo"), (b"OU", b"bar")]
  
      def test_load_nul_byte_attribute(self):
          """
          An `X509Name` from an `X509` instance loaded from a file can have a
          NUL byte in the value of one of its attributes.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, nulbyteSubjectAltNamePEM)
          subject = cert.get_subject()
          assert "null.python.org\x00example.org" == subject.commonName
  
      def test_set_attribute_failure(self):
          """
          If the value of an attribute cannot be set for some reason then
          `Error` is raised.
          """
          name = x509_name()
          # This value is too long
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              setattr(name, "O", b"x" * 512)
  
  
  class _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin:
      """
      Tests which involve another thing and a PKey.
      """
  
      def signable(self):
          """
          Return something with a `set_pubkey`, `set_pubkey`, and `sign` method.
          """
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def test_sign_with_ungenerated(self):
          """
          `X509Req.sign` raises `ValueError` when passed a `PKey` with no parts.
          """
          request = self.signable()
          key = PKey()
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              request.sign(key, GOOD_DIGEST)
  
      def test_sign_with_public_key(self):
          """
          `X509Req.sign` raises `ValueError` when passed a `PKey` with no private
          part as the signing key.
          """
          request = self.signable()
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          request.set_pubkey(key)
          pub = request.get_pubkey()
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              request.sign(pub, GOOD_DIGEST)
  
      def test_sign_with_unknown_digest(self):
          """
          `X509Req.sign` raises `ValueError` when passed a digest name which is
          not known.
          """
          request = self.signable()
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              request.sign(key, BAD_DIGEST)
  
      def test_sign(self):
          """
          `X509Req.sign` succeeds when passed a private key object and a
          valid digest function. `X509Req.verify` can be used to check
          the signature.
          """
          request = self.signable()
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          request.set_pubkey(key)
          request.sign(key, GOOD_DIGEST)
          # If the type has a verify method, cover that too.
          if getattr(request, 'verify', None) is not None:
              pub = request.get_pubkey()
              assert request.verify(pub)
              # Make another key that won't verify.
              key = PKey()
              key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
              with pytest.raises(Error):
                  request.verify(key)
  
  
  class TestX509Req(_PKeyInteractionTestsMixin):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.X509Req`.
      """
  
      def signable(self):
          """
          Create and return a new `X509Req`.
          """
          return X509Req()
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `X509Req` and `X509ReqType` refer to the same type object and can be
          used to create instances of that type.
          """
          assert X509Req is X509ReqType
          assert is_consistent_type(X509Req, 'X509Req')
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          `X509Req` takes no arguments and returns an `X509ReqType` instance.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          assert isinstance(request, X509ReqType)
  
      def test_version(self):
          """
          `X509Req.set_version` sets the X.509 version of the certificate
          request. `X509Req.get_version` returns the X.509 version of the
          certificate request. The initial value of the version is 0.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          assert request.get_version() == 0
          request.set_version(1)
          assert request.get_version() == 1
          request.set_version(3)
          assert request.get_version() == 3
  
      def test_version_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509Req.set_version` raises `TypeError` if called with a non-`int`
          argument.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              request.set_version("foo")
  
      def test_get_subject(self):
          """
          `X509Req.get_subject` returns an `X509Name` for the subject of the
          request and which is valid even after the request object is
          otherwise dead.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          subject = request.get_subject()
          assert isinstance(subject, X509NameType)
          subject.commonName = "foo"
          assert request.get_subject().commonName == "foo"
          del request
          subject.commonName = "bar"
          assert subject.commonName == "bar"
  
      def test_add_extensions(self):
          """
          `X509Req.add_extensions` accepts a `list` of `X509Extension` instances
          and adds them to the X509 request.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          request.add_extensions([
              X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:false')])
          exts = request.get_extensions()
          assert len(exts) == 1
          assert exts[0].get_short_name() == b'basicConstraints'
          assert exts[0].get_critical() == 1
          assert exts[0].get_data() == b'0\x00'
  
      def test_get_extensions(self):
          """
          `X509Req.get_extensions` returns a `list` of extensions added to this
          X509 request.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          exts = request.get_extensions()
          assert exts == []
          request.add_extensions([
              X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:true'),
              X509Extension(b'keyUsage', False, b'digitalSignature')])
          exts = request.get_extensions()
          assert len(exts) == 2
          assert exts[0].get_short_name() == b'basicConstraints'
          assert exts[0].get_critical() == 1
          assert exts[0].get_data() == b'0\x03\x01\x01\xff'
          assert exts[1].get_short_name() == b'keyUsage'
          assert exts[1].get_critical() == 0
          assert exts[1].get_data() == b'\x03\x02\x07\x80'
  
      def test_add_extensions_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509Req.add_extensions` raises `TypeError` if called with a
          non-`list`.  Or it raises `ValueError` if called with a `list`
          containing objects other than `X509Extension` instances.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              request.add_extensions(object())
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              request.add_extensions([object()])
  
      def test_verify_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509Req.verify` raises `TypeError` if passed anything other than a
          `PKey` instance as its single argument.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              request.verify(object())
  
      def test_verify_uninitialized_key(self):
          """
          `X509Req.verify` raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` if called with a
          `OpenSSL.crypto.PKey` which contains no key data.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          pkey = PKey()
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              request.verify(pkey)
  
      def test_verify_wrong_key(self):
          """
          `X509Req.verify` raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` if called with a
          `OpenSSL.crypto.PKey` which does not represent the public part of the
          key which signed the request.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          request.sign(pkey, GOOD_DIGEST)
          another_pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, client_key_pem)
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              request.verify(another_pkey)
  
      def test_verify_success(self):
          """
          `X509Req.verify` returns `True` if called with a `OpenSSL.crypto.PKey`
          which represents the public part of the key which signed the request.
          """
          request = X509Req()
          pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          request.sign(pkey, GOOD_DIGEST)
          assert request.verify(pkey)
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography(self):
          crypto_req = x509.load_pem_x509_csr(
              cleartextCertificateRequestPEM, backend
          )
          req = X509Req.from_cryptography(crypto_req)
          assert isinstance(req, X509Req)
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography_unsupported_type(self):
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              X509Req.from_cryptography(object())
  
      def test_convert_to_cryptography_key(self):
          req = load_certificate_request(
              FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificateRequestPEM
          )
          crypto_req = req.to_cryptography()
          assert isinstance(crypto_req, x509.CertificateSigningRequest)
  
  
  class TestX509(_PKeyInteractionTestsMixin):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.X509`.
      """
      pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM
  
      extpem = """
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIC3jCCAkegAwIBAgIJAJHFjlcCgnQzMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMEcxCzAJBgNV
  BAYTAlNFMRUwEwYDVQQIEwxXZXN0ZXJib3R0b20xEjAQBgNVBAoTCUNhdGFsb2dp
  eDENMAsGA1UEAxMEUm9vdDAeFw0wODA0MjIxNDQ1MzhaFw0wOTA0MjIxNDQ1Mzha
  MFQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlNFMQswCQYDVQQIEwJXQjEUMBIGA1UEChMLT3Blbk1ldGFk
  aXIxIjAgBgNVBAMTGW5vZGUxLm9tMi5vcGVubWV0YWRpci5vcmcwgZ8wDQYJKoZI
  hvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAPIcQMrwbk2nESF/0JKibj9i1x95XYAOwP+LarwT
  Op4EQbdlI9SY+uqYqlERhF19w7CS+S6oyqx0DRZSk4Y9dZ9j9/xgm2u/f136YS1u
  zgYFPvfUs6PqYLPSM8Bw+SjJ+7+2+TN+Tkiof9WP1cMjodQwOmdsiRbR0/J7+b1B
  hec1AgMBAAGjgcQwgcEwCQYDVR0TBAIwADAsBglghkgBhvhCAQ0EHxYdT3BlblNT
  TCBHZW5lcmF0ZWQgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUwHQYDVR0OBBYEFIdHsBcMVVMbAO7j6NCj
  03HgLnHaMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFL2h9Bf9Mre4vTdOiHTGAt7BRY/8MEYGA1UdEQQ/
  MD2CDSouZXhhbXBsZS5vcmeCESoub20yLmV4bWFwbGUuY29thwSC7wgKgRNvbTJA
  b3Blbm1ldGFkaXIub3JnMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBALd7WdXkp2KvZ7/PuWZA
  MPlIxyjS+Ly11+BNE0xGQRp9Wz+2lABtpgNqssvU156+HkKd02rGheb2tj7MX9hG
  uZzbwDAZzJPjzDQDD7d3cWsrVcfIdqVU7epHqIadnOF+X0ghJ39pAm6VVadnSXCt
  WpOdIpB8KksUTCzV591Nr1wd
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
      """
  
      def signable(self):
          """
          Create and return a new `X509`.
          """
          return X509()
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `X509` and `X509Type` refer to the same type object and can be used to
          create instances of that type.
          """
          assert X509 is X509Type
          assert is_consistent_type(X509, 'X509')
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          `X509` takes no arguments and returns an instance of `X509Type`.
          """
          certificate = X509()
          assert isinstance(certificate, X509Type)
          assert type(X509Type).__name__ == 'type'
          assert type(certificate).__name__ == 'X509'
          assert type(certificate) == X509Type
          assert type(certificate) == X509
  
      def test_set_version_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509.set_version` raises `TypeError` if invoked with an argument
          not of type `int`.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.set_version(None)
  
      def test_version(self):
          """
          `X509.set_version` sets the certificate version number.
          `X509.get_version` retrieves it.
          """
          cert = X509()
          cert.set_version(1234)
          assert cert.get_version() == 1234
  
      def test_serial_number(self):
          """
          The serial number of an `X509` can be retrieved and
          modified with `X509.get_serial_number` and
          `X509.set_serial_number`.
          """
          certificate = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              certificate.set_serial_number("1")
          assert certificate.get_serial_number() == 0
          certificate.set_serial_number(1)
          assert certificate.get_serial_number() == 1
          certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 32 + 1)
          assert certificate.get_serial_number() == 2 ** 32 + 1
          certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 64 + 1)
          assert certificate.get_serial_number() == 2 ** 64 + 1
          certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 128 + 1)
          assert certificate.get_serial_number() == 2 ** 128 + 1
  
      def _setBoundTest(self, which):
          """
          `X509.set_notBefore` takes a string in the format of an
          ASN1 GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the beginning of the certificate's
          validity period to it.
          """
          certificate = X509()
          set = getattr(certificate, 'set_not' + which)
          get = getattr(certificate, 'get_not' + which)
  
          # Starts with no value.
          assert get() is None
  
          # GMT (Or is it UTC?) -exarkun
          when = b"20040203040506Z"
          set(when)
          assert get() == when
  
          # A plus two hours and thirty minutes offset
          when = b"20040203040506+0530"
          set(when)
          assert get() == when
  
          # A minus one hour fifteen minutes offset
          when = b"20040203040506-0115"
          set(when)
          assert get() == when
  
          # An invalid string results in a ValueError
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              set(b"foo bar")
  
          # The wrong number of arguments results in a TypeError.
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              set()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              set(b"20040203040506Z", b"20040203040506Z")
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              get(b"foo bar")
  
      # XXX ASN1_TIME (not GENERALIZEDTIME)
  
      def test_set_notBefore(self):
          """
          `X509.set_notBefore` takes a string in the format of an
          ASN1 GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the beginning of the certificate's
          validity period to it.
          """
          self._setBoundTest("Before")
  
      def test_set_notAfter(self):
          """
          `X509.set_notAfter` takes a string in the format of an ASN1
          GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the end of the certificate's validity period
          to it.
          """
          self._setBoundTest("After")
  
      def test_get_notBefore(self):
          """
          `X509.get_notBefore` returns a string in the format of an
          ASN1 GENERALIZEDTIME even for certificates which store it as UTCTIME
          internally.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, old_root_cert_pem)
          assert cert.get_notBefore() == b"20090325123658Z"
  
      def test_get_notAfter(self):
          """
          `X509.get_notAfter` returns a string in the format of an
          ASN1 GENERALIZEDTIME even for certificates which store it as UTCTIME
          internally.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, old_root_cert_pem)
          assert cert.get_notAfter() == b"20170611123658Z"
  
      def test_gmtime_adj_notBefore_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509.gmtime_adj_notBefore` raises `TypeError` if called with a
          non-`int` argument.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(None)
  
      @flaky.flaky
      def test_gmtime_adj_notBefore(self):
          """
          `X509.gmtime_adj_notBefore` changes the not-before timestamp to be the
          current time plus the number of seconds passed in.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
          not_before_min = (
              datetime.utcnow().replace(microsecond=0) + timedelta(seconds=100)
          )
          cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(100)
          not_before = datetime.strptime(
              cert.get_notBefore().decode(), "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"
          )
          not_before_max = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=100)
          assert not_before_min <= not_before <= not_before_max
  
      def test_gmtime_adj_notAfter_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509.gmtime_adj_notAfter` raises `TypeError` if called with a
          non-`int` argument.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(None)
  
      @flaky.flaky
      def test_gmtime_adj_notAfter(self):
          """
          `X509.gmtime_adj_notAfter` changes the not-after timestamp
          to be the current time plus the number of seconds passed in.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
          not_after_min = (
              datetime.utcnow().replace(microsecond=0) + timedelta(seconds=100)
          )
          cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(100)
          not_after = datetime.strptime(
              cert.get_notAfter().decode(), "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"
          )
          not_after_max = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=100)
          assert not_after_min <= not_after <= not_after_max
  
      def test_has_expired(self):
          """
          `X509.has_expired` returns `True` if the certificate's not-after time
          is in the past.
          """
          cert = X509()
          cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(-1)
          assert cert.has_expired()
  
      def test_has_not_expired(self):
          """
          `X509.has_expired` returns `False` if the certificate's not-after time
          is in the future.
          """
          cert = X509()
          cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(2)
          assert not cert.has_expired()
  
      def test_root_has_not_expired(self):
          """
          `X509.has_expired` returns `False` if the certificate's not-after time
          is in the future.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
          assert not cert.has_expired()
  
      def test_digest(self):
          """
          `X509.digest` returns a string giving ":"-separated hex-encoded
          words of the digest of the certificate.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, old_root_cert_pem)
          assert (
              # This is MD5 instead of GOOD_DIGEST because the digest algorithm
              # actually matters to the assertion (ie, another arbitrary, good
              # digest will not product the same digest).
              # Digest verified with the command:
              # openssl x509 -in root_cert.pem -noout -fingerprint -md5
              cert.digest("MD5") ==
              b"19:B3:05:26:2B:F8:F2:FF:0B:8F:21:07:A8:28:B8:75")
  
      def _extcert(self, pkey, extensions):
          cert = X509()
          cert.set_pubkey(pkey)
          cert.get_subject().commonName = "Unit Tests"
          cert.get_issuer().commonName = "Unit Tests"
          when = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ").encode("ascii")
          cert.set_notBefore(when)
          cert.set_notAfter(when)
  
          cert.add_extensions(extensions)
          cert.sign(pkey, 'sha1')
          return load_certificate(
              FILETYPE_PEM, dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert))
  
      def test_extension_count(self):
          """
          `X509.get_extension_count` returns the number of extensions
          that are present in the certificate.
          """
          pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, client_key_pem)
          ca = X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:FALSE')
          key = X509Extension(b'keyUsage', True, b'digitalSignature')
          subjectAltName = X509Extension(
              b'subjectAltName', True, b'DNS:example.com')
  
          # Try a certificate with no extensions at all.
          c = self._extcert(pkey, [])
          assert c.get_extension_count() == 0
  
          # And a certificate with one
          c = self._extcert(pkey, [ca])
          assert c.get_extension_count() == 1
  
          # And a certificate with several
          c = self._extcert(pkey, [ca, key, subjectAltName])
          assert c.get_extension_count() == 3
  
      def test_get_extension(self):
          """
          `X509.get_extension` takes an integer and returns an
          `X509Extension` corresponding to the extension at that index.
          """
          pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, client_key_pem)
          ca = X509Extension(b'basicConstraints', True, b'CA:FALSE')
          key = X509Extension(b'keyUsage', True, b'digitalSignature')
          subjectAltName = X509Extension(
              b'subjectAltName', False, b'DNS:example.com')
  
          cert = self._extcert(pkey, [ca, key, subjectAltName])
  
          ext = cert.get_extension(0)
          assert isinstance(ext, X509Extension)
          assert ext.get_critical()
          assert ext.get_short_name() == b'basicConstraints'
  
          ext = cert.get_extension(1)
          assert isinstance(ext, X509Extension)
          assert ext.get_critical()
          assert ext.get_short_name() == b'keyUsage'
  
          ext = cert.get_extension(2)
          assert isinstance(ext, X509Extension)
          assert not ext.get_critical()
          assert ext.get_short_name() == b'subjectAltName'
  
          with pytest.raises(IndexError):
              cert.get_extension(-1)
          with pytest.raises(IndexError):
              cert.get_extension(4)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.get_extension("hello")
  
      def test_nullbyte_subjectAltName(self):
          """
          The fields of a `subjectAltName` extension on an X509 may contain NUL
          bytes and this value is reflected in the string representation of the
          extension object.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, nulbyteSubjectAltNamePEM)
  
          ext = cert.get_extension(3)
          assert ext.get_short_name() == b'subjectAltName'
          assert (
              b"DNS:altnull.python.org\x00example.com, "
              b"email:null@python.org\x00user@example.org, "
              b"URI:http://null.python.org\x00http://example.org, "
              b"IP Address:192.0.2.1, IP Address:2001:DB8:0:0:0:0:0:1\n" ==
              str(ext).encode("ascii"))
  
      def test_invalid_digest_algorithm(self):
          """
          `X509.digest` raises `ValueError` if called with an unrecognized hash
          algorithm.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              cert.digest(BAD_DIGEST)
  
      def test_get_subject(self):
          """
          `X509.get_subject` returns an `X509Name` instance.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
          subj = cert.get_subject()
          assert isinstance(subj, X509Name)
          assert (
              subj.get_components() ==
              [(b'C', b'US'), (b'ST', b'IL'), (b'L', b'Chicago'),
               (b'O', b'Testing'), (b'CN', b'Testing Root CA')])
  
      def test_set_subject_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509.set_subject` raises a `TypeError` if called with an argument not
          of type `X509Name`.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.set_subject(None)
  
      def test_set_subject(self):
          """
          `X509.set_subject` changes the subject of the certificate to the one
          passed in.
          """
          cert = X509()
          name = cert.get_subject()
          name.C = 'AU'
          name.OU = 'Unit Tests'
          cert.set_subject(name)
          assert (
              cert.get_subject().get_components() ==
              [(b'C', b'AU'), (b'OU', b'Unit Tests')])
  
      def test_get_issuer(self):
          """
          `X509.get_issuer` returns an `X509Name` instance.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
          subj = cert.get_issuer()
          assert isinstance(subj, X509Name)
          comp = subj.get_components()
          assert (
              comp ==
              [(b'C', b'US'), (b'ST', b'IL'), (b'L', b'Chicago'),
               (b'O', b'Testing'), (b'CN', b'Testing Root CA')])
  
      def test_set_issuer_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `X509.set_issuer` raises a `TypeError` if called with an argument not
          of type `X509Name`.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.set_issuer(None)
  
      def test_set_issuer(self):
          """
          `X509.set_issuer` changes the issuer of the certificate to the
          one passed in.
          """
          cert = X509()
          name = cert.get_issuer()
          name.C = 'AU'
          name.OU = 'Unit Tests'
          cert.set_issuer(name)
          assert (
              cert.get_issuer().get_components() ==
              [(b'C', b'AU'), (b'OU', b'Unit Tests')])
  
      def test_get_pubkey_uninitialized(self):
          """
          When called on a certificate with no public key, `X509.get_pubkey`
          raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error`.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              cert.get_pubkey()
  
      def test_set_pubkey_wrong_type(self):
          """
          `X509.set_pubkey` raises `TypeError` when given an object of the
          wrong type.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.set_pubkey(object())
  
      def test_subject_name_hash(self):
          """
          `X509.subject_name_hash` returns the hash of the certificate's
          subject name.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
          assert cert.subject_name_hash() in [
              3350047874,  # OpenSSL 0.9.8, MD5
              3278919224,  # OpenSSL 1.0.0, SHA1
          ]
  
      def test_get_signature_algorithm(self):
          """
          `X509.get_signature_algorithm` returns a string which means
          the algorithm used to sign the certificate.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
          assert b"sha1WithRSAEncryption" == cert.get_signature_algorithm()
  
      def test_get_undefined_signature_algorithm(self):
          """
          `X509.get_signature_algorithm` raises `ValueError` if the signature
          algorithm is undefined or unknown.
          """
          # This certificate has been modified to indicate a bogus OID in the
          # signature algorithm field so that OpenSSL does not recognize it.
          certPEM = b"""\
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIC/zCCAmigAwIBAgIBATAGBgJ8BQUAMHsxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlNHMREwDwYDVQQK
  EwhNMkNyeXB0bzEUMBIGA1UECxMLTTJDcnlwdG8gQ0ExJDAiBgNVBAMTG00yQ3J5
  cHRvIENlcnRpZmljYXRlIE1hc3RlcjEdMBsGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYObmdwc0Bwb3N0
  MS5jb20wHhcNMDAwOTEwMDk1MTMwWhcNMDIwOTEwMDk1MTMwWjBTMQswCQYDVQQG
  EwJTRzERMA8GA1UEChMITTJDcnlwdG8xEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDEdMBsG
  CSqGSIb3DQEJARYObmdwc0Bwb3N0MS5jb20wXDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAANLADBI
  AkEArL57d26W9fNXvOhNlZzlPOACmvwOZ5AdNgLzJ1/MfsQQJ7hHVeHmTAjM664V
  +fXvwUGJLziCeBo1ysWLRnl8CQIDAQABo4IBBDCCAQAwCQYDVR0TBAIwADAsBglg
  hkgBhvhCAQ0EHxYdT3BlblNTTCBHZW5lcmF0ZWQgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUwHQYDVR0O
  BBYEFM+EgpK+eyZiwFU1aOPSbczbPSpVMIGlBgNVHSMEgZ0wgZqAFPuHI2nrnDqT
  FeXFvylRT/7tKDgBoX+kfTB7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJTRzERMA8GA1UEChMITTJDcnlw
  dG8xFDASBgNVBAsTC00yQ3J5cHRvIENBMSQwIgYDVQQDExtNMkNyeXB0byBDZXJ0
  aWZpY2F0ZSBNYXN0ZXIxHTAbBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWDm5ncHNAcG9zdDEuY29tggEA
  MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBADv8KpPo+gfJxN2ERK1Y1l17sz/ZhzoGgm5XCdbx
  jEY7xKfpQngV599k1xhl11IMqizDwu0855agrckg2MCTmOI9DZzDD77tAYb+Dk0O
  PEVk0Mk/V0aIsDE9bolfCi/i/QWZ3N8s5nTWMNyBBBmoSliWCm4jkkRZRD0ejgTN
  tgI5
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, certPEM)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              cert.get_signature_algorithm()
  
      def test_sign_bad_pubkey_type(self):
          """
          `X509.sign` raises `TypeError` when called with the wrong type.
          """
          cert = X509()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              cert.sign(object(), b"sha256")
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography(self):
          crypto_cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(
              intermediate_cert_pem, backend
          )
          cert = X509.from_cryptography(crypto_cert)
  
          assert isinstance(cert, X509)
          assert cert.get_version() == crypto_cert.version.value
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography_unsupported_type(self):
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              X509.from_cryptography(object())
  
      def test_convert_to_cryptography_key(self):
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_cert_pem)
          crypto_cert = cert.to_cryptography()
  
          assert isinstance(crypto_cert, x509.Certificate)
          assert crypto_cert.version.value == cert.get_version()
  
  
  class TestX509Store(object):
      """
      Test for `OpenSSL.crypto.X509Store`.
      """
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `X509Store` is a type object.
          """
          assert X509Store is X509StoreType
          assert is_consistent_type(X509Store, 'X509Store')
  
      def test_add_cert(self):
          """
          `X509Store.add_cert` adds a `X509` instance to the certificate store.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(cert)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('cert', [None, 1.0, 'cert', object()])
      def test_add_cert_wrong_args(self, cert):
          """
          `X509Store.add_cert` raises `TypeError` if passed a non-X509 object
          as its first argument.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              store.add_cert(cert)
  
      def test_add_cert_rejects_duplicate(self):
          """
          `X509Store.add_cert` raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` if an attempt is
          made to add the same certificate to the store more than once.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(cert)
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              store.add_cert(cert)
  
  
  class TestPKCS12(object):
      """
      Test for `OpenSSL.crypto.PKCS12` and `OpenSSL.crypto.load_pkcs12`.
      """
      pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `PKCS12Type` is a type object.
          """
          assert PKCS12 is PKCS12Type
          assert is_consistent_type(PKCS12, 'PKCS12')
  
      def test_empty_construction(self):
          """
          `PKCS12` returns a new instance of `PKCS12` with no certificate,
          private key, CA certificates, or friendly name.
          """
          p12 = PKCS12()
          assert None is p12.get_certificate()
          assert None is p12.get_privatekey()
          assert None is p12.get_ca_certificates()
          assert None is p12.get_friendlyname()
  
      def test_type_errors(self):
          """
          The `PKCS12` setter functions (`set_certificate`, `set_privatekey`,
          `set_ca_certificates`, and `set_friendlyname`) raise `TypeError`
          when passed objects of types other than those expected.
          """
          p12 = PKCS12()
          for bad_arg in [3, PKey(), X509]:
              with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                  p12.set_certificate(bad_arg)
          for bad_arg in [3, 'legbone', X509()]:
              with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                  p12.set_privatekey(bad_arg)
          for bad_arg in [3, X509(), (3, 4), (PKey(),)]:
              with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                  p12.set_ca_certificates(bad_arg)
          for bad_arg in [6, ('foo', 'bar')]:
              with pytest.raises(TypeError):
                  p12.set_friendlyname(bad_arg)
  
      def test_key_only(self):
          """
          A `PKCS12` with only a private key can be exported using
          `PKCS12.export` and loaded again using `load_pkcs12`.
          """
          passwd = b"blah"
          p12 = PKCS12()
          pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          p12.set_privatekey(pkey)
          assert None is p12.get_certificate()
          assert pkey == p12.get_privatekey()
          try:
              dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=2, maciter=3)
          except Error:
              # Some versions of OpenSSL will throw an exception
              # for this nearly useless PKCS12 we tried to generate:
              # [('PKCS12 routines', 'PKCS12_create', 'invalid null argument')]
              return
          p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
          assert None is p12.get_ca_certificates()
          assert None is p12.get_certificate()
  
          # OpenSSL fails to bring the key back to us.  So sad.  Perhaps in the
          # future this will be improved.
          assert isinstance(p12.get_privatekey(), (PKey, type(None)))
  
      def test_cert_only(self):
          """
          A `PKCS12` with only a certificate can be exported using
          `PKCS12.export` and loaded again using `load_pkcs12`.
          """
          passwd = b"blah"
          p12 = PKCS12()
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
          p12.set_certificate(cert)
          assert cert == p12.get_certificate()
          assert None is p12.get_privatekey()
          try:
              dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=2, maciter=3)
          except Error:
              # Some versions of OpenSSL will throw an exception
              # for this nearly useless PKCS12 we tried to generate:
              # [('PKCS12 routines', 'PKCS12_create', 'invalid null argument')]
              return
          p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
          assert None is p12.get_privatekey()
  
          # OpenSSL fails to bring the cert back to us.  Groany mcgroan.
          assert isinstance(p12.get_certificate(), (X509, type(None)))
  
          # Oh ho.  It puts the certificate into the ca certificates list, in
          # fact.  Totally bogus, I would think.  Nevertheless, let's exploit
          # that to check to see if it reconstructed the certificate we expected
          # it to.  At some point, hopefully this will change so that
          # p12.get_certificate() is actually what returns the loaded
          # certificate.
          assert (
              cleartextCertificatePEM ==
              dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_ca_certificates()[0]))
  
      def gen_pkcs12(self, cert_pem=None, key_pem=None, ca_pem=None,
                     friendly_name=None):
          """
          Generate a PKCS12 object with components from PEM.  Verify that the set
          functions return None.
          """
          p12 = PKCS12()
          if cert_pem:
              ret = p12.set_certificate(load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert_pem))
              assert ret is None
          if key_pem:
              ret = p12.set_privatekey(load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key_pem))
              assert ret is None
          if ca_pem:
              ret = p12.set_ca_certificates(
                  (load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, ca_pem),)
              )
              assert ret is None
          if friendly_name:
              ret = p12.set_friendlyname(friendly_name)
              assert ret is None
          return p12
  
      def check_recovery(self, p12_str, key=None, cert=None, ca=None, passwd=b"",
                         extra=()):
          """
          Use openssl program to confirm three components are recoverable from a
          PKCS12 string.
          """
          if key:
              recovered_key = _runopenssl(
                  p12_str, b"pkcs12", b"-nocerts", b"-nodes", b"-passin",
                  b"pass:" + passwd, *extra)
              assert recovered_key[-len(key):] == key
          if cert:
              recovered_cert = _runopenssl(
                  p12_str, b"pkcs12", b"-clcerts", b"-nodes", b"-passin",
                  b"pass:" + passwd, b"-nokeys", *extra)
              assert recovered_cert[-len(cert):] == cert
          if ca:
              recovered_cert = _runopenssl(
                  p12_str, b"pkcs12", b"-cacerts", b"-nodes", b"-passin",
                  b"pass:" + passwd, b"-nokeys", *extra)
              assert recovered_cert[-len(ca):] == ca
  
      def verify_pkcs12_container(self, p12):
          """
          Verify that the PKCS#12 container contains the correct client
          certificate and private key.
  
          :param p12: The PKCS12 instance to verify.
          :type p12: `PKCS12`
          """
          cert_pem = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_certificate())
          key_pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, p12.get_privatekey())
          assert (
              (client_cert_pem, client_key_pem, None) ==
              (cert_pem, key_pem, p12.get_ca_certificates()))
  
      def test_load_pkcs12(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string generated using the openssl command line can be loaded
          with `load_pkcs12` and its components extracted and examined.
          """
          passwd = b"whatever"
          pem = client_key_pem + client_cert_pem
          p12_str = _runopenssl(
              pem,
              b"pkcs12",
              b"-export",
              b"-clcerts",
              b"-passout",
              b"pass:" + passwd
          )
          p12 = load_pkcs12(p12_str, passphrase=passwd)
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(p12)
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_text_passphrase(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string generated using the openssl command line can be loaded
          with `load_pkcs12` and its components extracted and examined.
          Using text as passphrase instead of bytes. DeprecationWarning expected.
          """
          pem = client_key_pem + client_cert_pem
          passwd = b"whatever"
          p12_str = _runopenssl(pem, b"pkcs12", b"-export", b"-clcerts",
                                b"-passout", b"pass:" + passwd)
          with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
              simplefilter("always")
              p12 = load_pkcs12(p12_str, passphrase=b"whatever".decode("ascii"))
              assert (
                  "{0} for passphrase is no longer accepted, use bytes".format(
                      WARNING_TYPE_EXPECTED
                  ) == str(w[-1].message))
  
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(p12)
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_no_passphrase(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string generated using openssl command line can be loaded with
          `load_pkcs12` without a passphrase and its components extracted
          and examined.
          """
          pem = client_key_pem + client_cert_pem
          p12_str = _runopenssl(
              pem, b"pkcs12", b"-export", b"-clcerts", b"-passout", b"pass:")
          p12 = load_pkcs12(p12_str)
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(p12)
  
      def _dump_and_load(self, dump_passphrase, load_passphrase):
          """
          A helper method to dump and load a PKCS12 object.
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(client_cert_pem, client_key_pem)
          dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=dump_passphrase, iter=2, maciter=3)
          return load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passphrase=load_passphrase)
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_null_passphrase_load_empty(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string can be dumped with a null passphrase, loaded with an
          empty passphrase with `load_pkcs12`, and its components
          extracted and examined.
          """
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(
              self._dump_and_load(dump_passphrase=None, load_passphrase=b''))
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_null_passphrase_load_null(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string can be dumped with a null passphrase, loaded with a
          null passphrase with `load_pkcs12`, and its components
          extracted and examined.
          """
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(
              self._dump_and_load(dump_passphrase=None, load_passphrase=None))
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_empty_passphrase_load_empty(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string can be dumped with an empty passphrase, loaded with an
          empty passphrase with `load_pkcs12`, and its components
          extracted and examined.
          """
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(
              self._dump_and_load(dump_passphrase=b'', load_passphrase=b''))
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_empty_passphrase_load_null(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 string can be dumped with an empty passphrase, loaded with a
          null passphrase with `load_pkcs12`, and its components
          extracted and examined.
          """
          self.verify_pkcs12_container(
              self._dump_and_load(dump_passphrase=b'', load_passphrase=None))
  
      def test_load_pkcs12_garbage(self):
          """
          `load_pkcs12` raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` when passed
          a string which is not a PKCS12 dump.
          """
          passwd = 'whatever'
          with pytest.raises(Error) as err:
              load_pkcs12(b'fruit loops', passwd)
          assert err.value.args[0][0][0] == 'asn1 encoding routines'
          assert len(err.value.args[0][0]) == 3
  
      def test_replace(self):
          """
          `PKCS12.set_certificate` replaces the certificate in a PKCS12
          cluster. `PKCS12.set_privatekey` replaces the private key.
          `PKCS12.set_ca_certificates` replaces the CA certificates.
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(client_cert_pem, client_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          p12.set_certificate(load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, server_cert_pem))
          p12.set_privatekey(load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, server_key_pem))
          root_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
          client_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, client_cert_pem)
          p12.set_ca_certificates([root_cert])  # not a tuple
          assert 1 == len(p12.get_ca_certificates())
          assert root_cert == p12.get_ca_certificates()[0]
          p12.set_ca_certificates([client_cert, root_cert])
          assert 2 == len(p12.get_ca_certificates())
          assert client_cert == p12.get_ca_certificates()[0]
          assert root_cert == p12.get_ca_certificates()[1]
  
      def test_friendly_name(self):
          """
          The *friendlyName* of a PKCS12 can be set and retrieved via
          `PKCS12.get_friendlyname` and `PKCS12_set_friendlyname`, and a
          `PKCS12` with a friendly name set can be dumped with `PKCS12.export`.
          """
          passwd = b'Dogmeat[]{}!@#$%^&*()~`?/.,<>-_+=";:'
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          for friendly_name in [b'Serverlicious', None, b'###']:
              p12.set_friendlyname(friendly_name)
              assert p12.get_friendlyname() == friendly_name
              dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=2, maciter=3)
              reloaded_p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
              assert p12.get_friendlyname() == reloaded_p12.get_friendlyname()
              # We would use the openssl program to confirm the friendly
              # name, but it is not possible.  The pkcs12 command
              # does not store the friendly name in the cert's
              # alias, which we could then extract.
              self.check_recovery(
                  dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem,
                  ca=root_cert_pem, passwd=passwd)
  
      def test_various_empty_passphrases(self):
          """
          Test that missing, None, and '' passphrases are identical for PKCS12
          export.
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(client_cert_pem, client_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          passwd = b""
          dumped_p12_empty = p12.export(iter=2, maciter=0, passphrase=passwd)
          dumped_p12_none = p12.export(iter=3, maciter=2, passphrase=None)
          dumped_p12_nopw = p12.export(iter=9, maciter=4)
          for dumped_p12 in [dumped_p12_empty, dumped_p12_none, dumped_p12_nopw]:
              self.check_recovery(
                  dumped_p12, key=client_key_pem, cert=client_cert_pem,
                  ca=root_cert_pem, passwd=passwd)
  
      def test_removing_ca_cert(self):
          """
          Passing `None` to `PKCS12.set_ca_certificates` removes all CA
          certificates.
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          p12.set_ca_certificates(None)
          assert None is p12.get_ca_certificates()
  
      def test_export_without_mac(self):
          """
          Exporting a PKCS12 with a `maciter` of `-1` excludes the MAC entirely.
          """
          passwd = b"Lake Michigan"
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          dumped_p12 = p12.export(maciter=-1, passphrase=passwd, iter=2)
          self.check_recovery(
              dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem,
              passwd=passwd, extra=(b"-nomacver",))
  
      def test_load_without_mac(self):
          """
          Loading a PKCS12 without a MAC does something other than crash.
          """
          passwd = b"Lake Michigan"
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          dumped_p12 = p12.export(maciter=-1, passphrase=passwd, iter=2)
          try:
              recovered_p12 = load_pkcs12(dumped_p12, passwd)
              # The person who generated this PCKS12 should be flogged,
              # or better yet we should have a means to determine
              # whether a PCKS12 had a MAC that was verified.
              # Anyway, libopenssl chooses to allow it, so the
              # pyopenssl binding does as well.
              assert isinstance(recovered_p12, PKCS12)
          except Error:
              # Failing here with an exception is preferred as some openssl
              # versions do.
              pass
  
      def test_zero_len_list_for_ca(self):
          """
          A PKCS12 with an empty CA certificates list can be exported.
          """
          passwd = b'Hobie 18'
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem)
          p12.set_ca_certificates([])
          assert () == p12.get_ca_certificates()
          dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=passwd, iter=3)
          self.check_recovery(
              dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem,
              passwd=passwd)
  
      def test_export_without_args(self):
          """
          All the arguments to `PKCS12.export` are optional.
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          dumped_p12 = p12.export()  # no args
          self.check_recovery(
              dumped_p12, key=server_key_pem, cert=server_cert_pem, passwd=b"")
  
      def test_export_without_bytes(self):
          """
          Test `PKCS12.export` with text not bytes as passphrase
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, server_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
  
          with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
              simplefilter("always")
              dumped_p12 = p12.export(passphrase=b"randomtext".decode("ascii"))
              assert (
                  "{0} for passphrase is no longer accepted, use bytes".format(
                      WARNING_TYPE_EXPECTED
                  ) == str(w[-1].message))
          self.check_recovery(
              dumped_p12,
              key=server_key_pem,
              cert=server_cert_pem,
              passwd=b"randomtext"
          )
  
      def test_key_cert_mismatch(self):
          """
          `PKCS12.export` raises an exception when a key and certificate
          mismatch.
          """
          p12 = self.gen_pkcs12(server_cert_pem, client_key_pem, root_cert_pem)
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              p12.export()
  
  
  def _runopenssl(pem, *args):
      """
      Run the command line openssl tool with the given arguments and write
      the given PEM to its stdin.  Not safe for quotes.
      """
      proc = Popen([b"openssl"] + list(args), stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE)
      proc.stdin.write(pem)
      proc.stdin.close()
      output = proc.stdout.read()
      proc.stdout.close()
      proc.wait()
      return output
  
  
  class TestLoadPublicKey(object):
      """
      Tests for :func:`load_publickey`.
      """
      def test_loading_works(self):
          """
          load_publickey loads public keys and sets correct attributes.
          """
          key = load_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
  
          assert True is key._only_public
          assert 2048 == key.bits()
          assert TYPE_RSA == key.type()
  
      def test_invalid_type(self):
          """
          load_publickey doesn't support FILETYPE_TEXT.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_publickey(FILETYPE_TEXT, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
  
      def test_invalid_key_format(self):
          """
          load_publickey explodes on incorrect keys.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              load_publickey(FILETYPE_ASN1, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
  
      def test_tolerates_unicode_strings(self):
          """
          load_publickey works with text strings, not just bytes.
          """
          serialized = cleartextPublicKeyPEM.decode('ascii')
          key = load_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, serialized)
          dumped_pem = dump_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, key)
  
          assert dumped_pem == cleartextPublicKeyPEM
  
  
  class TestFunction(object):
      """
      Tests for free-functions in the `OpenSSL.crypto` module.
      """
  
      def test_load_privatekey_invalid_format(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` raises `ValueError` if passed an unknown filetype.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_privatekey(100, root_key_pem)
  
      def test_load_privatekey_invalid_passphrase_type(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` raises `TypeError` if passed a passphrase that is
          neither a `str` nor a callable.
          """
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              load_privatekey(
                  FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase, object())
  
      def test_load_privatekey_wrongPassphrase(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` when it is passed an
          encrypted PEM and an incorrect passphrase.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error) as err:
              load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, b"quack")
          assert err.value.args[0] != []
  
      def test_load_privatekey_passphraseWrongType(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` raises `ValueError` when it is passeda passphrase
          with a private key encoded in a format, that doesn't support
          encryption.
          """
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          blob = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, key)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, blob, "secret")
  
      def test_load_privatekey_passphrase(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` can create a `PKey` object from an encrypted PEM
          string if given the passphrase.
          """
          key = load_privatekey(
              FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM,
              encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase)
          assert isinstance(key, PKeyType)
  
      def test_load_privatekey_passphrase_exception(self):
          """
          If the passphrase callback raises an exception, that exception is
          raised by `load_privatekey`.
          """
          def cb(ignored):
              raise ArithmeticError
  
          with pytest.raises(ArithmeticError):
              load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
  
      def test_load_privatekey_wrongPassphraseCallback(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` raises `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` when it
          is passed an encrypted PEM and a passphrase callback which returns an
          incorrect passphrase.
          """
          called = []
  
          def cb(*a):
              called.append(None)
              return b"quack"
          with pytest.raises(Error) as err:
              load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
          assert called
          assert err.value.args[0] != []
  
      def test_load_privatekey_passphraseCallback(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` can create a `PKey` object from an encrypted PEM
          string if given a passphrase callback which returns the correct
          password.
          """
          called = []
  
          def cb(writing):
              called.append(writing)
              return encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
          assert isinstance(key, PKeyType)
          assert called == [False]
  
      def test_load_privatekey_passphrase_wrong_return_type(self):
          """
          `load_privatekey` raises `ValueError` if the passphrase callback
          returns something other than a byte string.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_privatekey(
                  FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, lambda *args: 3)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_wrong_args(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` raises `TypeError` if called with a `cipher`
          argument but no `passphrase` argument.
          """
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, cipher=GOOD_CIPHER)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_not_rsa_key(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` raises `TypeError` if called with a key that is
          not RSA.
          """
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_DSA, 512)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_TEXT, key)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_invalid_pkey(self):
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_TEXT, object())
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_unknown_cipher(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` raises `ValueError` if called with an unrecognized
          cipher name.
          """
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, BAD_CIPHER, "passphrase")
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_invalid_passphrase_type(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` raises `TypeError` if called with a passphrase which
          is neither a `str` nor a callable.
          """
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, GOOD_CIPHER, object())
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_invalid_filetype(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` raises `ValueError` if called with an unrecognized
          filetype.
          """
          key = PKey()
          key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_privatekey(100, key)
  
      def test_load_privatekey_passphrase_callback_length(self):
          """
          `crypto.load_privatekey` should raise an error when the passphrase
          provided by the callback is too long, not silently truncate it.
          """
          def cb(ignored):
              return "a" * 1025
  
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` writes an encrypted PEM when given a passphrase.
          """
          passphrase = b"foo"
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, GOOD_CIPHER, passphrase)
          assert isinstance(pem, binary_type)
          loadedKey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem, passphrase)
          assert isinstance(loadedKey, PKeyType)
          assert loadedKey.type() == key.type()
          assert loadedKey.bits() == key.bits()
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase_wrong_type(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` raises `ValueError` when it is passed a passphrase
          with a private key encoded in a format, that doesn't support
          encryption.
          """
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, key, GOOD_CIPHER, "secret")
  
      def test_dump_certificate(self):
          """
          `dump_certificate` writes PEM, DER, and text.
          """
          pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, pemData)
          dumped_pem = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert)
          assert dumped_pem == cleartextCertificatePEM
          dumped_der = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_ASN1, cert)
          good_der = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, b"x509", b"-outform", b"DER")
          assert dumped_der == good_der
          cert2 = load_certificate(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
          dumped_pem2 = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cert2)
          assert dumped_pem2 == cleartextCertificatePEM
          dumped_text = dump_certificate(FILETYPE_TEXT, cert)
          good_text = _runopenssl(
              dumped_pem, b"x509", b"-noout", b"-text", b"-nameopt", b"")
          assert dumped_text == good_text
  
      def test_dump_certificate_bad_type(self):
          """
          `dump_certificate` raises a `ValueError` if it's called with
          a bad type.
          """
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_certificate(object(), cert)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_pem(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` writes a PEM
          """
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          assert key.check()
          dumped_pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key)
          assert dumped_pem == cleartextPrivateKeyPEM
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_asn1(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` writes a DER
          """
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          dumped_pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key)
  
          dumped_der = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, key)
          # XXX This OpenSSL call writes "writing RSA key" to standard out.  Sad.
          good_der = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, b"rsa", b"-outform", b"DER")
          assert dumped_der == good_der
          key2 = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
          dumped_pem2 = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key2)
          assert dumped_pem2 == cleartextPrivateKeyPEM
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_text(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` writes a text
          """
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          dumped_pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key)
  
          dumped_text = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_TEXT, key)
          good_text = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, b"rsa", b"-noout", b"-text")
          assert dumped_text == good_text
  
      def test_dump_publickey_pem(self):
          """
          dump_publickey writes a PEM.
          """
          key = load_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
          dumped_pem = dump_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, key)
          assert dumped_pem == cleartextPublicKeyPEM
  
      def test_dump_publickey_asn1(self):
          """
          dump_publickey writes a DER.
          """
          key = load_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
          dumped_der = dump_publickey(FILETYPE_ASN1, key)
          key2 = load_publickey(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
          dumped_pem2 = dump_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, key2)
          assert dumped_pem2 == cleartextPublicKeyPEM
  
      def test_dump_publickey_invalid_type(self):
          """
          dump_publickey doesn't support FILETYPE_TEXT.
          """
          key = load_publickey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPublicKeyPEM)
  
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_publickey(FILETYPE_TEXT, key)
  
      def test_dump_certificate_request(self):
          """
          `dump_certificate_request` writes a PEM, DER, and text.
          """
          req = load_certificate_request(
              FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificateRequestPEM)
          dumped_pem = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_PEM, req)
          assert dumped_pem == cleartextCertificateRequestPEM
          dumped_der = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_ASN1, req)
          good_der = _runopenssl(dumped_pem, b"req", b"-outform", b"DER")
          assert dumped_der == good_der
          req2 = load_certificate_request(FILETYPE_ASN1, dumped_der)
          dumped_pem2 = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_PEM, req2)
          assert dumped_pem2 == cleartextCertificateRequestPEM
          dumped_text = dump_certificate_request(FILETYPE_TEXT, req)
          good_text = _runopenssl(
              dumped_pem, b"req", b"-noout", b"-text", b"-nameopt", b"")
          assert dumped_text == good_text
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_certificate_request(100, req)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase_callback(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` writes an encrypted PEM when given a callback
          which returns the correct passphrase.
          """
          passphrase = b"foo"
          called = []
  
          def cb(writing):
              called.append(writing)
              return passphrase
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, GOOD_CIPHER, cb)
          assert isinstance(pem, binary_type)
          assert called == [True]
          loadedKey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem, passphrase)
          assert isinstance(loadedKey, PKeyType)
          assert loadedKey.type() == key.type()
          assert loadedKey.bits() == key.bits()
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase_exception(self):
          """
          `dump_privatekey` should not overwrite the exception raised
          by the passphrase callback.
          """
          def cb(ignored):
              raise ArithmeticError
  
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          with pytest.raises(ArithmeticError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, GOOD_CIPHER, cb)
  
      def test_dump_privatekey_passphraseCallbackLength(self):
          """
          `crypto.dump_privatekey` should raise an error when the passphrase
          provided by the callback is too long, not silently truncate it.
          """
          def cb(ignored):
              return "a" * 1025
  
          key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, GOOD_CIPHER, cb)
  
      def test_load_pkcs7_data_pem(self):
          """
          `load_pkcs7_data` accepts a PKCS#7 string and returns an instance of
          `PKCS`.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          assert isinstance(pkcs7, PKCS7)
  
      def test_load_pkcs7_data_asn1(self):
          """
          `load_pkcs7_data` accepts a bytes containing ASN1 data representing
          PKCS#7 and returns an instance of `PKCS7`.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_ASN1, pkcs7DataASN1)
          assert isinstance(pkcs7, PKCS7)
  
      def test_load_pkcs7_data_invalid(self):
          """
          If the data passed to `load_pkcs7_data` is invalid, `Error` is raised.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, b"foo")
  
      def test_load_pkcs7_type_invalid(self):
          """
          If the type passed to `load_pkcs7_data`, `ValueError` is raised.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_pkcs7_data(object(), b"foo")
  
  
  class TestLoadCertificate(object):
      """
      Tests for `load_certificate_request`.
      """
  
      def test_bad_file_type(self):
          """
          If the file type passed to `load_certificate_request` is neither
          `FILETYPE_PEM` nor `FILETYPE_ASN1` then `ValueError` is raised.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_certificate_request(object(), b"")
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_certificate(object(), b"")
  
      def test_bad_certificate(self):
          """
          If the bytes passed to `load_certificate` are not a valid certificate,
          an exception is raised.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              load_certificate(FILETYPE_ASN1, b"lol")
  
  
  class TestPKCS7(object):
      """
      Tests for `PKCS7`.
      """
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `PKCS7` is a type object.
          """
          assert isinstance(PKCS7, type)
          assert PKCS7Type.__name__ == 'PKCS7'
          assert PKCS7 is PKCS7Type
  
      def test_type_is_signed(self):
          """
          `PKCS7.type_is_signed` returns `True` if the PKCS7 object is of
          the type *signed*.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          assert pkcs7.type_is_signed()
  
      def test_type_is_enveloped(self):
          """
          `PKCS7.type_is_enveloped` returns `False` if the PKCS7 object is not
          of the type *enveloped*.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          assert not pkcs7.type_is_enveloped()
  
      def test_type_is_signed_and_enveloped(self):
          """
          `PKCS7.type_is_signedAndEnveloped` returns `False`
          if the PKCS7 object is not of the type *signed and enveloped*.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          assert not pkcs7.type_is_signedAndEnveloped()
  
      def test_type_is_data(self):
          """
          `PKCS7.type_is_data` returns `False` if the PKCS7 object is not of
          the type data.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          assert not pkcs7.type_is_data()
  
      def test_get_type_name(self):
          """
          `PKCS7.get_type_name` returns a `str` giving the
          type name.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          assert pkcs7.get_type_name() == b'pkcs7-signedData'
  
      def test_attribute(self):
          """
          If an attribute other than one of the methods tested here is accessed
          on an instance of `PKCS7`, `AttributeError` is raised.
          """
          pkcs7 = load_pkcs7_data(FILETYPE_PEM, pkcs7Data)
          with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
              pkcs7.foo
  
  
  class TestNetscapeSPKI(_PKeyInteractionTestsMixin):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.NetscapeSPKI`.
      """
  
      def signable(self):
          """
          Return a new `NetscapeSPKI` for use with signing tests.
          """
          return NetscapeSPKI()
  
      def test_type(self):
          """
          `NetscapeSPKI` and `NetscapeSPKIType` refer to the same type object
          and can be used to create instances of that type.
          """
          assert NetscapeSPKI is NetscapeSPKIType
          assert is_consistent_type(NetscapeSPKI, 'NetscapeSPKI')
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          `NetscapeSPKI` returns an instance of `NetscapeSPKIType`.
          """
          nspki = NetscapeSPKI()
          assert isinstance(nspki, NetscapeSPKIType)
  
      def test_invalid_attribute(self):
          """
          Accessing a non-existent attribute of a `NetscapeSPKI` instance
          causes an `AttributeError` to be raised.
          """
          nspki = NetscapeSPKI()
          with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
              nspki.foo
  
      def test_b64_encode(self):
          """
          `NetscapeSPKI.b64_encode` encodes the certificate to a base64 blob.
          """
          nspki = NetscapeSPKI()
          blob = nspki.b64_encode()
          assert isinstance(blob, binary_type)
  
  
  class TestRevoked(object):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked`.
      """
      def test_ignores_unsupported_revoked_cert_extension_get_reason(self):
          """
          The get_reason method on the Revoked class checks to see if the
          extension is NID_crl_reason and should skip it otherwise. This test
          loads a CRL with extensions it should ignore.
          """
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlDataUnsupportedExtension)
          revoked = crl.get_revoked()
          reason = revoked[1].get_reason()
          assert reason == b'Unspecified'
  
      def test_ignores_unsupported_revoked_cert_extension_set_new_reason(self):
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlDataUnsupportedExtension)
          revoked = crl.get_revoked()
          revoked[1].set_reason(None)
          reason = revoked[1].get_reason()
          assert reason is None
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          Confirm we can create `OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked`.  Check that it is
          empty.
          """
          revoked = Revoked()
          assert isinstance(revoked, Revoked)
          assert type(revoked) == Revoked
          assert revoked.get_serial() == b'00'
          assert revoked.get_rev_date() is None
          assert revoked.get_reason() is None
  
      def test_serial(self):
          """
          Confirm we can set and get serial numbers from
          `OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked`.  Confirm errors are handled with grace.
          """
          revoked = Revoked()
          ret = revoked.set_serial(b'10b')
          assert ret is None
          ser = revoked.get_serial()
          assert ser == b'010B'
  
          revoked.set_serial(b'31ppp')  # a type error would be nice
          ser = revoked.get_serial()
          assert ser == b'31'
  
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              revoked.set_serial(b'pqrst')
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              revoked.set_serial(100)
  
      def test_date(self):
          """
          Confirm we can set and get revocation dates from
          `OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked`.  Confirm errors are handled with grace.
          """
          revoked = Revoked()
          date = revoked.get_rev_date()
          assert date is None
  
          now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ").encode("ascii")
          ret = revoked.set_rev_date(now)
          assert ret is None
          date = revoked.get_rev_date()
          assert date == now
  
      def test_reason(self):
          """
          Confirm we can set and get revocation reasons from
          `OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked`.  The "get" need to work as "set".
          Likewise, each reason of all_reasons() must work.
          """
          revoked = Revoked()
          for r in revoked.all_reasons():
              for x in range(2):
                  ret = revoked.set_reason(r)
                  assert ret is None
                  reason = revoked.get_reason()
                  assert (
                      reason.lower().replace(b' ', b'') ==
                      r.lower().replace(b' ', b''))
                  r = reason  # again with the resp of get
  
          revoked.set_reason(None)
          assert revoked.get_reason() is None
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('reason', [object(), 1.0, u'foo'])
      def test_set_reason_wrong_args(self, reason):
          """
          `Revoked.set_reason` raises `TypeError` if called with an argument
          which is neither `None` nor a byte string.
          """
          revoked = Revoked()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              revoked.set_reason(reason)
  
      def test_set_reason_invalid_reason(self):
          """
          Calling `OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked.set_reason` with an argument which
          isn't a valid reason results in `ValueError` being raised.
          """
          revoked = Revoked()
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              revoked.set_reason(b'blue')
  
  
  class TestCRL(object):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.CRL`.
      """
      cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextCertificatePEM)
      pkey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
  
      root_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
      root_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, root_key_pem)
      intermediate_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_cert_pem)
      intermediate_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_key_pem)
      intermediate_server_cert = load_certificate(
          FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_server_cert_pem)
      intermediate_server_key = load_privatekey(
          FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_server_key_pem)
  
      def test_construction(self):
          """
          Confirm we can create `OpenSSL.crypto.CRL`.  Check
          that it is empty
          """
          crl = CRL()
          assert isinstance(crl, CRL)
          assert crl.get_revoked() is None
  
      def _get_crl(self):
          """
          Get a new ``CRL`` with a revocation.
          """
          crl = CRL()
          revoked = Revoked()
          now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ").encode("ascii")
          revoked.set_rev_date(now)
          revoked.set_serial(b'3ab')
          revoked.set_reason(b'sUpErSeDEd')
          crl.add_revoked(revoked)
          return crl
  
      def test_export_pem(self):
          """
          If not passed a format, ``CRL.export`` returns a "PEM" format string
          representing a serial number, a revoked reason, and certificate issuer
          information.
          """
          crl = self._get_crl()
          # PEM format
          dumped_crl = crl.export(
              self.cert, self.pkey, days=20, digest=b"sha256"
          )
          text = _runopenssl(dumped_crl, b"crl", b"-noout", b"-text")
  
          # These magic values are based on the way the CRL above was constructed
          # and with what certificate it was exported.
          text.index(b'Serial Number: 03AB')
          text.index(b'Superseded')
          text.index(
              b'Issuer: /C=US/ST=IL/L=Chicago/O=Testing/CN=Testing Root CA'
          )
  
      def test_export_der(self):
          """
          If passed ``FILETYPE_ASN1`` for the format, ``CRL.export`` returns a
          "DER" format string representing a serial number, a revoked reason, and
          certificate issuer information.
          """
          crl = self._get_crl()
  
          # DER format
          dumped_crl = crl.export(
              self.cert, self.pkey, FILETYPE_ASN1, digest=b"md5"
          )
          text = _runopenssl(
              dumped_crl, b"crl", b"-noout", b"-text", b"-inform", b"DER"
          )
          text.index(b'Serial Number: 03AB')
          text.index(b'Superseded')
          text.index(
              b'Issuer: /C=US/ST=IL/L=Chicago/O=Testing/CN=Testing Root CA'
          )
  
      # Flaky because we compare the output of running commands which sometimes
      # varies by 1 second
      @flaky.flaky
      def test_export_text(self):
          """
          If passed ``FILETYPE_TEXT`` for the format, ``CRL.export`` returns a
          text format string like the one produced by the openssl command line
          tool.
          """
          crl = self._get_crl()
  
          dumped_crl = crl.export(
              self.cert, self.pkey, FILETYPE_ASN1, digest=b"md5"
          )
          text = _runopenssl(
              dumped_crl, b"crl", b"-noout", b"-text", b"-inform", b"DER"
          )
  
          # text format
          dumped_text = crl.export(
              self.cert, self.pkey, type=FILETYPE_TEXT, digest=b"md5"
          )
          assert text == dumped_text
  
      def test_export_custom_digest(self):
          """
          If passed the name of a digest function, ``CRL.export`` uses a
          signature algorithm based on that digest function.
          """
          crl = self._get_crl()
          dumped_crl = crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, digest=b"sha1")
          text = _runopenssl(dumped_crl, b"crl", b"-noout", b"-text")
          text.index(b'Signature Algorithm: sha1')
  
      def test_export_md5_digest(self):
          """
          If passed md5 as the digest function, ``CRL.export`` uses md5 and does
          not emit a deprecation warning.
          """
          crl = self._get_crl()
          with pytest.warns(None) as catcher:
              simplefilter("always")
          assert 0 == len(catcher)
          dumped_crl = crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, digest=b"md5")
          text = _runopenssl(dumped_crl, b"crl", b"-noout", b"-text")
          text.index(b'Signature Algorithm: md5')
  
      def test_export_default_digest(self):
          """
          If not passed the name of a digest function, ``CRL.export`` raises a
          ``TypeError``.
          """
          crl = self._get_crl()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey)
  
      def test_export_invalid(self):
          """
          If `CRL.export` is used with an uninitialized `X509` instance,
          `OpenSSL.crypto.Error` is raised.
          """
          crl = CRL()
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              crl.export(X509(), PKey(), digest=b"sha256")
  
      def test_add_revoked_keyword(self):
          """
          `OpenSSL.CRL.add_revoked` accepts its single argument as the
          ``revoked`` keyword argument.
          """
          crl = CRL()
          revoked = Revoked()
          revoked.set_serial(b"01")
          revoked.set_rev_date(b"20160310020145Z")
          crl.add_revoked(revoked=revoked)
          assert isinstance(crl.get_revoked()[0], Revoked)
  
      def test_export_wrong_args(self):
          """
          Calling `OpenSSL.CRL.export` with arguments other than the certificate,
          private key, integer file type, and integer number of days it
          expects, results in a `TypeError` being raised.
          """
          crl = CRL()
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              crl.export(None, self.pkey, FILETYPE_PEM, 10)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              crl.export(self.cert, None, FILETYPE_PEM, 10)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, None, 10)
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              crl.export(self.cert, FILETYPE_PEM, None)
  
      def test_export_unknown_filetype(self):
          """
          Calling `OpenSSL.CRL.export` with a file type other than
          `FILETYPE_PEM`, `FILETYPE_ASN1`, or
          `FILETYPE_TEXT` results in a `ValueError` being raised.
          """
          crl = CRL()
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              crl.export(self.cert, self.pkey, 100, 10, digest=b"sha256")
  
      def test_export_unknown_digest(self):
          """
          Calling `OpenSSL.CRL.export` with an unsupported digest results
          in a `ValueError` being raised.
          """
          crl = CRL()
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              crl.export(
                  self.cert, self.pkey, FILETYPE_PEM, 10, b"strange-digest")
  
      def test_get_revoked(self):
          """
          Use python to create a simple CRL with two revocations. Get back the
          `Revoked` using `OpenSSL.CRL.get_revoked` and verify them.
          """
          crl = CRL()
  
          revoked = Revoked()
          now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ").encode("ascii")
          revoked.set_rev_date(now)
          revoked.set_serial(b'3ab')
          crl.add_revoked(revoked)
          revoked.set_serial(b'100')
          revoked.set_reason(b'sUpErSeDEd')
          crl.add_revoked(revoked)
  
          revs = crl.get_revoked()
          assert len(revs) == 2
          assert type(revs[0]) == Revoked
          assert type(revs[1]) == Revoked
          assert revs[0].get_serial() == b'03AB'
          assert revs[1].get_serial() == b'0100'
          assert revs[0].get_rev_date() == now
          assert revs[1].get_rev_date() == now
  
      def test_load_crl(self):
          """
          Load a known CRL and inspect its revocations.  Both EM and DER formats
          are loaded.
          """
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlData)
          revs = crl.get_revoked()
          assert len(revs) == 2
          assert revs[0].get_serial() == b'03AB'
          assert revs[0].get_reason() is None
          assert revs[1].get_serial() == b'0100'
          assert revs[1].get_reason() == b'Superseded'
  
          der = _runopenssl(crlData, b"crl", b"-outform", b"DER")
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_ASN1, der)
          revs = crl.get_revoked()
          assert len(revs) == 2
          assert revs[0].get_serial() == b'03AB'
          assert revs[0].get_reason() is None
          assert revs[1].get_serial() == b'0100'
          assert revs[1].get_reason() == b'Superseded'
  
      def test_load_crl_bad_filetype(self):
          """
          Calling `OpenSSL.crypto.load_crl` with an unknown file type raises a
          `ValueError`.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              load_crl(100, crlData)
  
      def test_load_crl_bad_data(self):
          """
          Calling `OpenSSL.crypto.load_crl` with file data which can't be loaded
          raises a `OpenSSL.crypto.Error`.
          """
          with pytest.raises(Error):
              load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, b"hello, world")
  
      def test_get_issuer(self):
          """
          Load a known CRL and assert its issuer's common name is what we expect
          from the encoded crlData string.
          """
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlData)
          assert isinstance(crl.get_issuer(), X509Name)
          assert crl.get_issuer().CN == 'Testing Root CA'
  
      def test_dump_crl(self):
          """
          The dumped CRL matches the original input.
          """
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlData)
          buf = dump_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crl)
          assert buf == crlData
  
      def _make_test_crl(self, issuer_cert, issuer_key, certs=()):
          """
          Create a CRL.
  
          :param list[X509] certs: A list of certificates to revoke.
          :rtype: CRL
          """
          crl = CRL()
          for cert in certs:
              revoked = Revoked()
              # FIXME: This string splicing is an unfortunate implementation
              # detail that has been reported in
              # https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/issues/258
              serial = hex(cert.get_serial_number())[2:].encode('utf-8')
              revoked.set_serial(serial)
              revoked.set_reason(b'unspecified')
              revoked.set_rev_date(b'20140601000000Z')
              crl.add_revoked(revoked)
          crl.set_version(1)
          crl.set_lastUpdate(b'20140601000000Z')
          crl.set_nextUpdate(b'20180601000000Z')
          crl.sign(issuer_cert, issuer_key, digest=b'sha512')
          return crl
  
      def test_verify_with_revoked(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` raises error when an intermediate certificate is
          revoked.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          root_crl = self._make_test_crl(
              self.root_cert, self.root_key, certs=[self.intermediate_cert])
          intermediate_crl = self._make_test_crl(
              self.intermediate_cert, self.intermediate_key, certs=[])
          store.add_crl(root_crl)
          store.add_crl(intermediate_crl)
          store.set_flags(
              X509StoreFlags.CRL_CHECK | X509StoreFlags.CRL_CHECK_ALL)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as err:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
          assert err.value.args[0][2] == 'certificate revoked'
  
      def test_verify_with_missing_crl(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` raises error when an intermediate certificate's
          CRL is missing.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          root_crl = self._make_test_crl(
              self.root_cert, self.root_key, certs=[self.intermediate_cert])
          store.add_crl(root_crl)
          store.set_flags(
              X509StoreFlags.CRL_CHECK | X509StoreFlags.CRL_CHECK_ALL)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as err:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
          assert err.value.args[0][2] == 'unable to get certificate CRL'
          assert err.value.certificate.get_subject().CN == 'intermediate-service'
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography(self):
          crypto_crl = x509.load_pem_x509_crl(crlData, backend)
          crl = CRL.from_cryptography(crypto_crl)
          assert isinstance(crl, CRL)
  
      def test_convert_from_cryptography_unsupported_type(self):
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):
              CRL.from_cryptography(object())
  
      def test_convert_to_cryptography_key(self):
          crl = load_crl(FILETYPE_PEM, crlData)
          crypto_crl = crl.to_cryptography()
          assert isinstance(crypto_crl, x509.CertificateRevocationList)
  
  
  class TestX509StoreContext(object):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.X509StoreContext`.
      """
      root_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
      intermediate_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_cert_pem)
      intermediate_server_cert = load_certificate(
          FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_server_cert_pem)
  
      def test_valid(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` returns ``None`` when called with a certificate
          and valid chain.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
          assert store_ctx.verify_certificate() is None
  
      def test_reuse(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` can be called multiple times with the same
          ``X509StoreContext`` instance to produce the same result.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
          assert store_ctx.verify_certificate() is None
          assert store_ctx.verify_certificate() is None
  
      def test_trusted_self_signed(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` returns ``None`` when called with a self-signed
          certificate and itself in the chain.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.root_cert)
          assert store_ctx.verify_certificate() is None
  
      def test_untrusted_self_signed(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` raises error when a self-signed certificate is
          verified without itself in the chain.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.root_cert)
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as exc:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
  
          assert exc.value.args[0][2] == 'self signed certificate'
          assert exc.value.certificate.get_subject().CN == 'Testing Root CA'
  
      def test_invalid_chain_no_root(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` raises error when a root certificate is missing
          from the chain.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
  
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as exc:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
  
          assert exc.value.args[0][2] == 'unable to get issuer certificate'
          assert exc.value.certificate.get_subject().CN == 'intermediate'
  
      def test_invalid_chain_no_intermediate(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` raises error when an intermediate certificate is
          missing from the chain.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
  
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as exc:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
  
          assert exc.value.args[0][2] == 'unable to get local issuer certificate'
          assert exc.value.certificate.get_subject().CN == 'intermediate-service'
  
      def test_modification_pre_verify(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` can use a store context modified after
          instantiation.
          """
          store_bad = X509Store()
          store_bad.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          store_good = X509Store()
          store_good.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store_good.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store_bad, self.intermediate_server_cert)
  
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as exc:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
  
          assert exc.value.args[0][2] == 'unable to get issuer certificate'
          assert exc.value.certificate.get_subject().CN == 'intermediate'
  
          store_ctx.set_store(store_good)
          assert store_ctx.verify_certificate() is None
  
      def test_verify_with_time(self):
          """
          `verify_certificate` raises error when the verification time is
          set at notAfter.
          """
          store = X509Store()
          store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
          store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
  
          expire_time = self.intermediate_server_cert.get_notAfter()
          expire_datetime = datetime.strptime(
              expire_time.decode('utf-8'), '%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ'
          )
          store.set_time(expire_datetime)
  
          store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
          with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as exc:
              store_ctx.verify_certificate()
  
          assert exc.value.args[0][2] == 'certificate has expired'
  
  
  class TestSignVerify(object):
      """
      Tests for `OpenSSL.crypto.sign` and `OpenSSL.crypto.verify`.
      """
  
      def test_sign_verify(self):
          """
          `sign` generates a cryptographic signature which `verify` can check.
          """
          content = (
              b"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking "
              b"thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an "
              b"effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the "
              b"glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to "
              b"prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.")
  
          # sign the content with this private key
          priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, root_key_pem)
          # verify the content with this cert
          good_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
          # certificate unrelated to priv_key, used to trigger an error
          bad_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, server_cert_pem)
  
          for digest in ['md5', 'sha1']:
              sig = sign(priv_key, content, digest)
  
              # Verify the signature of content, will throw an exception if
              # error.
              verify(good_cert, sig, content, digest)
  
              # This should fail because the certificate doesn't match the
              # private key that was used to sign the content.
              with pytest.raises(Error):
                  verify(bad_cert, sig, content, digest)
  
              # This should fail because we've "tainted" the content after
              # signing it.
              with pytest.raises(Error):
                  verify(good_cert, sig, content + b"tainted", digest)
  
          # test that unknown digest types fail
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              sign(priv_key, content, "strange-digest")
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              verify(good_cert, sig, content, "strange-digest")
  
      def test_sign_verify_with_text(self):
          """
          `sign` generates a cryptographic signature which
          `verify` can check. Deprecation warnings raised because using
          text instead of bytes as content
          """
          content = (
              b"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking "
              b"thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an "
              b"effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the "
              b"glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to "
              b"prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him."
          ).decode("ascii")
  
          priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, root_key_pem)
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
          for digest in ['md5', 'sha1']:
              with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
                  simplefilter("always")
                  sig = sign(priv_key, content, digest)
              assert (
                  "{0} for data is no longer accepted, use bytes".format(
                      WARNING_TYPE_EXPECTED
                  ) == str(w[-1].message))
  
              with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) as w:
                  simplefilter("always")
                  verify(cert, sig, content, digest)
              assert (
                  "{0} for data is no longer accepted, use bytes".format(
                      WARNING_TYPE_EXPECTED
                  ) == str(w[-1].message))
  
      def test_sign_verify_ecdsa(self):
          """
          `sign` generates a cryptographic signature which `verify` can check.
          ECDSA Signatures in the X9.62 format may have variable length,
          different from the length of the private key.
          """
          content = (
              b"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking "
              b"thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an "
              b"effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the "
              b"glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to "
              b"prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him."
          ).decode("ascii")
          priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, ec_root_key_pem)
          cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, ec_root_cert_pem)
          sig = sign(priv_key, content, "sha1")
          verify(cert, sig, content, "sha1")
  
      def test_sign_nulls(self):
          """
          `sign` produces a signature for a string with embedded nulls.
          """
          content = b"Watch out!  \0  Did you see it?"
          priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, root_key_pem)
          good_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, root_cert_pem)
          sig = sign(priv_key, content, "sha1")
          verify(good_cert, sig, content, "sha1")
  
      def test_sign_with_large_key(self):
          """
          `sign` produces a signature for a string when using a long key.
          """
          content = (
              b"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking "
              b"thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an "
              b"effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the "
              b"glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to "
              b"prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.")
  
          priv_key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, large_key_pem)
          sign(priv_key, content, "sha1")
  
  
  class TestEllipticCurve(object):
      """
      Tests for `_EllipticCurve`, `get_elliptic_curve`, and
      `get_elliptic_curves`.
      """
  
      def test_set(self):
          """
          `get_elliptic_curves` returns a `set`.
          """
          assert isinstance(get_elliptic_curves(), set)
  
      def test_a_curve(self):
          """
          `get_elliptic_curve` can be used to retrieve a particular supported
          curve.
          """
          curves = get_elliptic_curves()
          curve = next(iter(curves))
          assert curve.name == get_elliptic_curve(curve.name).name
  
      def test_not_a_curve(self):
          """
          `get_elliptic_curve` raises `ValueError` if called with a name which
          does not identify a supported curve.
          """
          with pytest.raises(ValueError):
              get_elliptic_curve(u"this curve was just invented")
  
      def test_repr(self):
          """
          The string representation of a curve object includes simply states the
          object is a curve and what its name is.
          """
          curves = get_elliptic_curves()
          curve = next(iter(curves))
          assert "<Curve %r>" % (curve.name,) == repr(curve)
  
      def test_to_EC_KEY(self):
          """
          The curve object can export a version of itself as an EC_KEY* via the
          private `_EllipticCurve._to_EC_KEY`.
          """
          curves = get_elliptic_curves()
          curve = next(iter(curves))
          # It's not easy to assert anything about this object.  However, see
          # leakcheck/crypto.py for a test that demonstrates it at least does
          # not leak memory.
          curve._to_EC_KEY()
  
  
  class EllipticCurveFactory(object):
      """
      A helper to get the names of two curves.
      """
  
      def __init__(self):
          curves = iter(get_elliptic_curves())
          self.curve_name = next(curves).name
          self.another_curve_name = next(curves).name
  
  
  class TestEllipticCurveEquality(EqualityTestsMixin):
      """
      Tests `_EllipticCurve`\ 's implementation of ``==`` and ``!=``.
      """
      curve_factory = EllipticCurveFactory()
  
      if curve_factory.curve_name is None:
          skip = "There are no curves available there can be no curve objects."
  
      def anInstance(self):
          """
          Get the curve object for an arbitrary curve supported by the system.
          """
          return get_elliptic_curve(self.curve_factory.curve_name)
  
      def anotherInstance(self):
          """
          Get the curve object for an arbitrary curve supported by the system -
          but not the one returned by C{anInstance}.
          """
          return get_elliptic_curve(self.curve_factory.another_curve_name)
  
  
  class TestEllipticCurveHash(object):
      """
      Tests for `_EllipticCurve`'s implementation of hashing (thus use as
      an item in a `dict` or `set`).
      """
      curve_factory = EllipticCurveFactory()
  
      if curve_factory.curve_name is None:
          skip = "There are no curves available there can be no curve objects."
  
      def test_contains(self):
          """
          The ``in`` operator reports that a `set` containing a curve does
          contain that curve.
          """
          curve = get_elliptic_curve(self.curve_factory.curve_name)
          curves = set([curve])
          assert curve in curves
  
      def test_does_not_contain(self):
          """
          The ``in`` operator reports that a `set` not containing a curve
          does not contain that curve.
          """
          curve = get_elliptic_curve(self.curve_factory.curve_name)
          curves = set([
              get_elliptic_curve(self.curve_factory.another_curve_name)
          ])
          assert curve not in curves
  