text: /*
   * FFV1 encoder
   *
   * Copyright (c) 2003-2013 Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
   *
   * This file is part of FFmpeg.
   *
   * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   * Lesser General Public License for more details.
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
   * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
   */
  
  /**
   * @file
   * FF Video Codec 1 (a lossless codec) encoder
   */
  
  #include "libavutil/attributes.h"
  #include "libavutil/avassert.h"
  #include "libavutil/crc.h"
  #include "libavutil/opt.h"
  #include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
  #include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
  
  #include "avcodec.h"
  #include "internal.h"
  #include "put_bits.h"
  #include "rangecoder.h"
  #include "golomb.h"
  #include "mathops.h"
  #include "ffv1.h"
  
  static const int8_t quant5_10bit[256] = {
       0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
       1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
       1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
       1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1,
      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
      -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -0, -0, -0, -0, -0, -0, -0, -0, -0, -0,
  };
  
  static const int8_t quant5[256] = {
       0,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -1,
  };
  
  static const int8_t quant9_10bit[256] = {
       0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,
       2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,
       3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,
       3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
       4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
       4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
       4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
       4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3,
      -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3,
      -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
      -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -0, -0, -0, -0,
  };
  
  static const int8_t quant11[256] = {
       0,  1,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  4,  4,  4,  4,
       4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
       4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,
       5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,
       5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,
       5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,
       5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,
       5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,
      -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5,
      -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5,
      -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5,
      -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5,
      -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5,
      -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5, -4, -4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4,
      -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -2, -2, -2, -1,
  };
  
  static const uint8_t ver2_state[256] = {
        0,  10,  10,  10,  10,  16,  16,  16, 28,   16,  16,  29,  42,  49,  20,  49,
       59,  25,  26,  26,  27,  31,  33,  33, 33,   34,  34,  37,  67,  38,  39,  39,
       40,  40,  41,  79,  43,  44,  45,  45, 48,   48,  64,  50,  51,  52,  88,  52,
       53,  74,  55,  57,  58,  58,  74,  60, 101,  61,  62,  84,  66,  66,  68,  69,
       87,  82,  71,  97,  73,  73,  82,  75, 111,  77,  94,  78,  87,  81,  83,  97,
       85,  83,  94,  86,  99,  89,  90,  99, 111,  92,  93,  134, 95,  98, 105,  98,
      105, 110, 102, 108, 102, 118, 103, 106, 106, 113, 109, 112, 114, 112, 116, 125,
      115, 116, 117, 117, 126, 119, 125, 121, 121, 123, 145, 124, 126, 131, 127, 129,
      165, 130, 132, 138, 133, 135, 145, 136, 137, 139, 146, 141, 143, 142, 144, 148,
      147, 155, 151, 149, 151, 150, 152, 157, 153, 154, 156, 168, 158, 162, 161, 160,
      172, 163, 169, 164, 166, 184, 167, 170, 177, 174, 171, 173, 182, 176, 180, 178,
      175, 189, 179, 181, 186, 183, 192, 185, 200, 187, 191, 188, 190, 197, 193, 196,
      197, 194, 195, 196, 198, 202, 199, 201, 210, 203, 207, 204, 205, 206, 208, 214,
      209, 211, 221, 212, 213, 215, 224, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 228, 223, 225,
      226, 224, 227, 229, 240, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 237, 242,
      241, 243, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 252, 253, 254, 255,
  };
  
  static void find_best_state(uint8_t best_state[256][256],
                              const uint8_t one_state[256])
  {
      int i, j, k, m;
      double l2tab[256];
  
      for (i = 1; i < 256; i++)
          l2tab[i] = log2(i / 256.0);
  
      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
          double best_len[256];
          double p = i / 256.0;
  
          for (j = 0; j < 256; j++)
              best_len[j] = 1 << 30;
  
          for (j = FFMAX(i - 10, 1); j < FFMIN(i + 11, 256); j++) {
              double occ[256] = { 0 };
              double len      = 0;
              occ[j] = 1.0;
  
              if (!one_state[j])
                  continue;
  
              for (k = 0; k < 256; k++) {
                  double newocc[256] = { 0 };
                  for (m = 1; m < 256; m++)
                      if (occ[m]) {
                          len -=occ[m]*(     p *l2tab[    m]
                                        + (1-p)*l2tab[256-m]);
                      }
                  if (len < best_len[k]) {
                      best_len[k]      = len;
                      best_state[i][k] = j;
                  }
                  for (m = 1; m < 256; m++)
                      if (occ[m]) {
                          newocc[      one_state[      m]] += occ[m] * p;
                          newocc[256 - one_state[256 - m]] += occ[m] * (1 - p);
                      }
                  memcpy(occ, newocc, sizeof(occ));
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  static av_always_inline av_flatten void put_symbol_inline(RangeCoder *c,
                                                            uint8_t *state, int v,
                                                            int is_signed,
                                                            uint64_t rc_stat[256][2],
                                                            uint64_t rc_stat2[32][2])
  {
      int i;
  
  #define put_rac(C, S, B)                        \
      do {                                        \
          if (rc_stat) {                          \
              rc_stat[*(S)][B]++;                 \
              rc_stat2[(S) - state][B]++;         \
          }                                       \
          put_rac(C, S, B);                       \
      } while (0)
  
      if (v) {
          const int a = FFABS(v);
          const int e = av_log2(a);
          put_rac(c, state + 0, 0);
          if (e <= 9) {
              for (i = 0; i < e; i++)
                  put_rac(c, state + 1 + i, 1);  // 1..10
              put_rac(c, state + 1 + i, 0);
  
              for (i = e - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                  put_rac(c, state + 22 + i, (a >> i) & 1);  // 22..31
  
              if (is_signed)
                  put_rac(c, state + 11 + e, v < 0);  // 11..21
          } else {
              for (i = 0; i < e; i++)
                  put_rac(c, state + 1 + FFMIN(i, 9), 1);  // 1..10
              put_rac(c, state + 1 + 9, 0);
  
              for (i = e - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                  put_rac(c, state + 22 + FFMIN(i, 9), (a >> i) & 1);  // 22..31
  
              if (is_signed)
                  put_rac(c, state + 11 + 10, v < 0);  // 11..21
          }
      } else {
          put_rac(c, state + 0, 1);
      }
  #undef put_rac
  }
  
  static av_noinline void put_symbol(RangeCoder *c, uint8_t *state,
                                     int v, int is_signed)
  {
      put_symbol_inline(c, state, v, is_signed, NULL, NULL);
  }
  
  
  static inline void put_vlc_symbol(PutBitContext *pb, VlcState *const state,
                                    int v, int bits)
  {
      int i, k, code;
      v = fold(v - state->bias, bits);
  
      i = state->count;
      k = 0;
      while (i < state->error_sum) { // FIXME: optimize
          k++;
          i += i;
      }
  
      av_assert2(k <= 13);
  
      code = v ^ ((2 * state->drift + state->count) >> 31);
  
      ff_dlog(NULL, "v:%d/%d bias:%d error:%d drift:%d count:%d k:%d\n", v, code,
              state->bias, state->error_sum, state->drift, state->count, k);
      set_sr_golomb(pb, code, k, 12, bits);
  
      update_vlc_state(state, v);
  }
  
  #define TYPE int16_t
  #define RENAME(name) name
  #include "ffv1enc_template.c"
  #undef TYPE
  #undef RENAME
  
  #define TYPE int32_t
  #define RENAME(name) name ## 32
  #include "ffv1enc_template.c"
  
  static int encode_plane(FFV1Context *s, uint8_t *src, int w, int h,
                           int stride, int plane_index, int pixel_stride)
  {
      int x, y, i, ret;
      const int ring_size = s->context_model ? 3 : 2;
      int16_t *sample[3];
      s->run_index = 0;
  
      memset(s->sample_buffer, 0, ring_size * (w + 6) * sizeof(*s->sample_buffer));
  
      for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
          for (i = 0; i < ring_size; i++)
              sample[i] = s->sample_buffer + (w + 6) * ((h + i - y) % ring_size) + 3;
  
          sample[0][-1]= sample[1][0  ];
          sample[1][ w]= sample[1][w-1];
          if (s->bits_per_raw_sample <= 8) {
              for (x = 0; x < w; x++)
                  sample[0][x] = src[x * pixel_stride + stride * y];
              if((ret = encode_line(s, w, sample, plane_index, 8)) < 0)
                  return ret;
          } else {
              if (s->packed_at_lsb) {
                  for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
                      sample[0][x] = ((uint16_t*)(src + stride*y))[x];
                  }
              } else {
                  for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
                      sample[0][x] = ((uint16_t*)(src + stride*y))[x] >> (16 - s->bits_per_raw_sample);
                  }
              }
              if((ret = encode_line(s, w, sample, plane_index, s->bits_per_raw_sample)) < 0)
                  return ret;
          }
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void write_quant_table(RangeCoder *c, int16_t *quant_table)
  {
      int last = 0;
      int i;
      uint8_t state[CONTEXT_SIZE];
      memset(state, 128, sizeof(state));
  
      for (i = 1; i < 128; i++)
          if (quant_table[i] != quant_table[i - 1]) {
              put_symbol(c, state, i - last - 1, 0);
              last = i;
          }
      put_symbol(c, state, i - last - 1, 0);
  }
  
  static void write_quant_tables(RangeCoder *c,
                                 int16_t quant_table[MAX_CONTEXT_INPUTS][256])
  {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
          write_quant_table(c, quant_table[i]);
  }
  
  static int contains_non_128(uint8_t (*initial_state)[CONTEXT_SIZE],
                              int nb_contexts)
  {
      if (!initial_state)
          return 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < nb_contexts; i++)
          for (int j = 0; j < CONTEXT_SIZE; j++)
              if (initial_state[i][j] != 128)
                  return 1;
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void write_header(FFV1Context *f)
  {
      uint8_t state[CONTEXT_SIZE];
      int i, j;
      RangeCoder *const c = &f->slice_context[0]->c;
  
      memset(state, 128, sizeof(state));
  
      if (f->version < 2) {
          put_symbol(c, state, f->version, 0);
          put_symbol(c, state, f->ac, 0);
          if (f->ac == AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB) {
              for (i = 1; i < 256; i++)
                  put_symbol(c, state,
                             f->state_transition[i] - c->one_state[i], 1);
          }
          put_symbol(c, state, f->colorspace, 0); //YUV cs type
          if (f->version > 0)
              put_symbol(c, state, f->bits_per_raw_sample, 0);
          put_rac(c, state, f->chroma_planes);
          put_symbol(c, state, f->chroma_h_shift, 0);
          put_symbol(c, state, f->chroma_v_shift, 0);
          put_rac(c, state, f->transparency);
  
          write_quant_tables(c, f->quant_table);
      } else if (f->version < 3) {
          put_symbol(c, state, f->slice_count, 0);
          for (i = 0; i < f->slice_count; i++) {
              FFV1Context *fs = f->slice_context[i];
              put_symbol(c, state,
                         (fs->slice_x      + 1) * f->num_h_slices / f->width, 0);
              put_symbol(c, state,
                         (fs->slice_y      + 1) * f->num_v_slices / f->height, 0);
              put_symbol(c, state,
                         (fs->slice_width  + 1) * f->num_h_slices / f->width - 1,
                         0);
              put_symbol(c, state,
                         (fs->slice_height + 1) * f->num_v_slices / f->height - 1,
                         0);
              for (j = 0; j < f->plane_count; j++) {
                  put_symbol(c, state, f->plane[j].quant_table_index, 0);
                  av_assert0(f->plane[j].quant_table_index == f->context_model);
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  static int write_extradata(FFV1Context *f)
  {
      RangeCoder *const c = &f->c;
      uint8_t state[CONTEXT_SIZE];
      int i, j, k;
      uint8_t state2[32][CONTEXT_SIZE];
      unsigned v;
  
      memset(state2, 128, sizeof(state2));
      memset(state, 128, sizeof(state));
  
      f->avctx->extradata_size = 10000 + 4 +
                                      (11 * 11 * 5 * 5 * 5 + 11 * 11 * 11) * 32;
      f->avctx->extradata = av_malloc(f->avctx->extradata_size + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
      if (!f->avctx->extradata)
          return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
      ff_init_range_encoder(c, f->avctx->extradata, f->avctx->extradata_size);
      ff_build_rac_states(c, 0.05 * (1LL << 32), 256 - 8);
  
      put_symbol(c, state, f->version, 0);
      if (f->version > 2) {
          if (f->version == 3) {
              f->micro_version = 4;
          } else if (f->version == 4)
              f->micro_version = 2;
          put_symbol(c, state, f->micro_version, 0);
      }
  
      put_symbol(c, state, f->ac, 0);
      if (f->ac == AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB)
          for (i = 1; i < 256; i++)
              put_symbol(c, state, f->state_transition[i] - c->one_state[i], 1);
  
      put_symbol(c, state, f->colorspace, 0); // YUV cs type
      put_symbol(c, state, f->bits_per_raw_sample, 0);
      put_rac(c, state, f->chroma_planes);
      put_symbol(c, state, f->chroma_h_shift, 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, f->chroma_v_shift, 0);
      put_rac(c, state, f->transparency);
      put_symbol(c, state, f->num_h_slices - 1, 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, f->num_v_slices - 1, 0);
  
      put_symbol(c, state, f->quant_table_count, 0);
      for (i = 0; i < f->quant_table_count; i++)
          write_quant_tables(c, f->quant_tables[i]);
  
      for (i = 0; i < f->quant_table_count; i++) {
          if (contains_non_128(f->initial_states[i], f->context_count[i])) {
              put_rac(c, state, 1);
              for (j = 0; j < f->context_count[i]; j++)
                  for (k = 0; k < CONTEXT_SIZE; k++) {
                      int pred = j ? f->initial_states[i][j - 1][k] : 128;
                      put_symbol(c, state2[k],
                                 (int8_t)(f->initial_states[i][j][k] - pred), 1);
                  }
          } else {
              put_rac(c, state, 0);
          }
      }
  
      if (f->version > 2) {
          put_symbol(c, state, f->ec, 0);
          put_symbol(c, state, f->intra = (f->avctx->gop_size < 2), 0);
      }
  
      f->avctx->extradata_size = ff_rac_terminate(c, 0);
      v = av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_32_IEEE), 0, f->avctx->extradata, f->avctx->extradata_size);
      AV_WL32(f->avctx->extradata + f->avctx->extradata_size, v);
      f->avctx->extradata_size += 4;
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int sort_stt(FFV1Context *s, uint8_t stt[256])
  {
      int i, i2, changed, print = 0;
  
      do {
          changed = 0;
          for (i = 12; i < 244; i++) {
              for (i2 = i + 1; i2 < 245 && i2 < i + 4; i2++) {
  
  #define COST(old, new)                                      \
      s->rc_stat[old][0] * -log2((256 - (new)) / 256.0) +     \
      s->rc_stat[old][1] * -log2((new)         / 256.0)
  
  #define COST2(old, new)                         \
      COST(old, new) + COST(256 - (old), 256 - (new))
  
                  double size0 = COST2(i,  i) + COST2(i2, i2);
                  double sizeX = COST2(i, i2) + COST2(i2, i);
                  if (size0 - sizeX > size0*(1e-14) && i != 128 && i2 != 128) {
                      int j;
                      FFSWAP(int, stt[i], stt[i2]);
                      FFSWAP(int, s->rc_stat[i][0], s->rc_stat[i2][0]);
                      FFSWAP(int, s->rc_stat[i][1], s->rc_stat[i2][1]);
                      if (i != 256 - i2) {
                          FFSWAP(int, stt[256 - i], stt[256 - i2]);
                          FFSWAP(int, s->rc_stat[256 - i][0], s->rc_stat[256 - i2][0]);
                          FFSWAP(int, s->rc_stat[256 - i][1], s->rc_stat[256 - i2][1]);
                      }
                      for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
                          if (stt[j] == i)
                              stt[j] = i2;
                          else if (stt[j] == i2)
                              stt[j] = i;
                          if (i != 256 - i2) {
                              if (stt[256 - j] == 256 - i)
                                  stt[256 - j] = 256 - i2;
                              else if (stt[256 - j] == 256 - i2)
                                  stt[256 - j] = 256 - i;
                          }
                      }
                      print = changed = 1;
                  }
              }
          }
      } while (changed);
      return print;
  }
  
  static av_cold int encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
  {
      FFV1Context *s = avctx->priv_data;
      const AVPixFmtDescriptor *desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(avctx->pix_fmt);
      int i, j, k, m, ret;
  
      if ((ret = ff_ffv1_common_init(avctx)) < 0)
          return ret;
  
      s->version = 0;
  
      if ((avctx->flags & (AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1 | AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS2)) ||
          avctx->slices > 1)
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 2);
  
      // Unspecified level & slices, we choose version 1.2+ to ensure multithreaded decodability
      if (avctx->slices == 0 && avctx->level < 0 && avctx->width * avctx->height > 720*576)
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 2);
  
      if (avctx->level <= 0 && s->version == 2) {
          s->version = 3;
      }
      if (avctx->level >= 0 && avctx->level <= 4) {
          if (avctx->level < s->version) {
              av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Version %d needed for requested features but %d requested\n", s->version, avctx->level);
              return AVERROR(EINVAL);
          }
          s->version = avctx->level;
      }
  
      if (s->ec < 0) {
          s->ec = (s->version >= 3);
      }
  
      // CRC requires version 3+
      if (s->ec)
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 3);
  
      if ((s->version == 2 || s->version>3) && avctx->strict_std_compliance > FF_COMPLIANCE_EXPERIMENTAL) {
          av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Version 2 needed for requested features but version 2 is experimental and not enabled\n");
          return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
      }
  
  #if FF_API_CODER_TYPE
  FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
      if (avctx->coder_type != -1)
          s->ac = avctx->coder_type > 0 ? AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB : AC_GOLOMB_RICE;
      else
  FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
  #endif
      if (s->ac == 1) // Compatbility with common command line usage
          s->ac = AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB;
      else if (s->ac == AC_RANGE_DEFAULT_TAB_FORCE)
          s->ac = AC_RANGE_DEFAULT_TAB;
  
      s->plane_count = 3;
      switch(avctx->pix_fmt) {
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY9:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P9:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P9:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P9:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P9:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P9:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P9:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 9;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P10:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 10;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY12:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P12:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P12:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P12:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P12:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 12;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P14:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P14:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P14:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 14;
          s->packed_at_lsb = 1;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P16:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample) {
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 16;
          } else if (!s->bits_per_raw_sample) {
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = avctx->bits_per_raw_sample;
          }
          if (s->bits_per_raw_sample <= 8) {
              av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "bits_per_raw_sample invalid\n");
              return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
          }
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 1);
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YA8:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P:
          s->chroma_planes = desc->nb_components < 3 ? 0 : 1;
          s->colorspace = 0;
          s->transparency = !!(desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_ALPHA);
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 8;
          else if (!s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 8;
          break;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB32:
          s->colorspace = 1;
          s->transparency = 1;
          s->chroma_planes = 1;
          s->bits_per_raw_sample = 8;
          break;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64:
          s->colorspace = 1;
          s->transparency = 1;
          s->chroma_planes = 1;
          s->bits_per_raw_sample = 16;
          s->use32bit = 1;
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 1);
          break;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB48:
          s->colorspace = 1;
          s->chroma_planes = 1;
          s->bits_per_raw_sample = 16;
          s->use32bit = 1;
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 1);
          break;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB32:
          s->colorspace = 1;
          s->chroma_planes = 1;
          s->bits_per_raw_sample = 8;
          break;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP9:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 9;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP10:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP10:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 10;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP12:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP12:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 12;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP14:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 14;
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP16:
      case AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP16:
          if (!avctx->bits_per_raw_sample && !s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = 16;
          else if (!s->bits_per_raw_sample)
              s->bits_per_raw_sample = avctx->bits_per_raw_sample;
          s->transparency = !!(desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_ALPHA);
          s->colorspace = 1;
          s->chroma_planes = 1;
          if (s->bits_per_raw_sample >= 16) {
              s->use32bit = 1;
          }
          s->version = FFMAX(s->version, 1);
          break;
      default:
          av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "format not supported\n");
          return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
      }
      av_assert0(s->bits_per_raw_sample >= 8);
  
      if (s->bits_per_raw_sample > 8) {
          if (s->ac == AC_GOLOMB_RICE) {
              av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_INFO,
                      "bits_per_raw_sample > 8, forcing range coder\n");
              s->ac = AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB;
          }
      }
  #if FF_API_PRIVATE_OPT
  FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
      if (avctx->context_model)
          s->context_model = avctx->context_model;
      if (avctx->context_model > 1U) {
          av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid context model %d, valid values are 0 and 1\n", avctx->context_model);
          return AVERROR(EINVAL);
      }
  FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
  #endif
  
      if (s->ac == AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB) {
          for (i = 1; i < 256; i++)
              s->state_transition[i] = ver2_state[i];
      } else {
          RangeCoder c;
          ff_build_rac_states(&c, 0.05 * (1LL << 32), 256 - 8);
          for (i = 1; i < 256; i++)
              s->state_transition[i] = c.one_state[i];
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
          s->quant_table_count = 2;
          if (s->bits_per_raw_sample <= 8) {
              s->quant_tables[0][0][i]=           quant11[i];
              s->quant_tables[0][1][i]=        11*quant11[i];
              s->quant_tables[0][2][i]=     11*11*quant11[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][0][i]=           quant11[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][1][i]=        11*quant11[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][2][i]=     11*11*quant5 [i];
              s->quant_tables[1][3][i]=   5*11*11*quant5 [i];
              s->quant_tables[1][4][i]= 5*5*11*11*quant5 [i];
          } else {
              s->quant_tables[0][0][i]=           quant9_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[0][1][i]=        11*quant9_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[0][2][i]=     11*11*quant9_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][0][i]=           quant9_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][1][i]=        11*quant9_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][2][i]=     11*11*quant5_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][3][i]=   5*11*11*quant5_10bit[i];
              s->quant_tables[1][4][i]= 5*5*11*11*quant5_10bit[i];
          }
      }
      s->context_count[0] = (11 * 11 * 11        + 1) / 2;
      s->context_count[1] = (11 * 11 * 5 * 5 * 5 + 1) / 2;
      memcpy(s->quant_table, s->quant_tables[s->context_model],
             sizeof(s->quant_table));
  
      for (i = 0; i < s->plane_count; i++) {
          PlaneContext *const p = &s->plane[i];
  
          memcpy(p->quant_table, s->quant_table, sizeof(p->quant_table));
          p->quant_table_index = s->context_model;
          p->context_count     = s->context_count[p->quant_table_index];
      }
  
      if ((ret = ff_ffv1_allocate_initial_states(s)) < 0)
          return ret;
  
  #if FF_API_CODED_FRAME
  FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
      avctx->coded_frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
  FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
  #endif
  
      if (!s->transparency)
          s->plane_count = 2;
      if (!s->chroma_planes && s->version > 3)
          s->plane_count--;
  
      ret = av_pix_fmt_get_chroma_sub_sample (avctx->pix_fmt, &s->chroma_h_shift, &s->chroma_v_shift);
      if (ret)
          return ret;
  
      s->picture_number = 0;
  
      if (avctx->flags & (AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1 | AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS2)) {
          for (i = 0; i < s->quant_table_count; i++) {
              s->rc_stat2[i] = av_mallocz(s->context_count[i] *
                                          sizeof(*s->rc_stat2[i]));
              if (!s->rc_stat2[i])
                  return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
          }
      }
      if (avctx->stats_in) {
          char *p = avctx->stats_in;
          uint8_t (*best_state)[256] = av_malloc_array(256, 256);
          int gob_count = 0;
          char *next;
          if (!best_state)
              return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
  
          av_assert0(s->version >= 2);
  
          for (;;) {
              for (j = 0; j < 256; j++)
                  for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                      s->rc_stat[j][i] = strtol(p, &next, 0);
                      if (next == p) {
                          av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                                 "2Pass file invalid at %d %d [%s]\n", j, i, p);
                          av_freep(&best_state);
                          return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                      }
                      p = next;
                  }
              for (i = 0; i < s->quant_table_count; i++)
                  for (j = 0; j < s->context_count[i]; j++) {
                      for (k = 0; k < 32; k++)
                          for (m = 0; m < 2; m++) {
                              s->rc_stat2[i][j][k][m] = strtol(p, &next, 0);
                              if (next == p) {
                                  av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                                         "2Pass file invalid at %d %d %d %d [%s]\n",
                                         i, j, k, m, p);
                                  av_freep(&best_state);
                                  return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                              }
                              p = next;
                          }
                  }
              gob_count = strtol(p, &next, 0);
              if (next == p || gob_count <= 0) {
                  av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "2Pass file invalid\n");
                  av_freep(&best_state);
                  return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
              }
              p = next;
              while (*p == '\n' || *p == ' ')
                  p++;
              if (p[0] == 0)
                  break;
          }
          if (s->ac == AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB)
              sort_stt(s, s->state_transition);
  
          find_best_state(best_state, s->state_transition);
  
          for (i = 0; i < s->quant_table_count; i++) {
              for (k = 0; k < 32; k++) {
                  double a=0, b=0;
                  int jp = 0;
                  for (j = 0; j < s->context_count[i]; j++) {
                      double p = 128;
                      if (s->rc_stat2[i][j][k][0] + s->rc_stat2[i][j][k][1] > 200 && j || a+b > 200) {
                          if (a+b)
                              p = 256.0 * b / (a + b);
                          s->initial_states[i][jp][k] =
                              best_state[av_clip(round(p), 1, 255)][av_clip_uint8((a + b) / gob_count)];
                          for(jp++; jp<j; jp++)
                              s->initial_states[i][jp][k] = s->initial_states[i][jp-1][k];
                          a=b=0;
                      }
                      a += s->rc_stat2[i][j][k][0];
                      b += s->rc_stat2[i][j][k][1];
                      if (a+b) {
                          p = 256.0 * b / (a + b);
                      }
                      s->initial_states[i][j][k] =
                          best_state[av_clip(round(p), 1, 255)][av_clip_uint8((a + b) / gob_count)];
                  }
              }
          }
          av_freep(&best_state);
      }
  
      if (s->version > 1) {
          int plane_count = 1 + 2*s->chroma_planes + s->transparency;
          int max_h_slices = AV_CEIL_RSHIFT(avctx->width , s->chroma_h_shift);
          int max_v_slices = AV_CEIL_RSHIFT(avctx->height, s->chroma_v_shift);
          s->num_v_slices = (avctx->width > 352 || avctx->height > 288 || !avctx->slices) ? 2 : 1;
  
          s->num_v_slices = FFMIN(s->num_v_slices, max_v_slices);
  
          for (; s->num_v_slices < 32; s->num_v_slices++) {
              for (s->num_h_slices = s->num_v_slices; s->num_h_slices < 2*s->num_v_slices; s->num_h_slices++) {
                  int maxw = (avctx->width  + s->num_h_slices - 1) / s->num_h_slices;
                  int maxh = (avctx->height + s->num_v_slices - 1) / s->num_v_slices;
                  if (s->num_h_slices > max_h_slices || s->num_v_slices > max_v_slices)
                      continue;
                  if (maxw * maxh * (int64_t)(s->bits_per_raw_sample+1) * plane_count > 8<<24)
                      continue;
                  if (avctx->slices == s->num_h_slices * s->num_v_slices && avctx->slices <= MAX_SLICES || !avctx->slices)
                      goto slices_ok;
              }
          }
          av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                 "Unsupported number %d of slices requested, please specify a "
                 "supported number with -slices (ex:4,6,9,12,16, ...)\n",
                 avctx->slices);
          return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
  slices_ok:
          if ((ret = write_extradata(s)) < 0)
              return ret;
      }
  
      if ((ret = ff_ffv1_init_slice_contexts(s)) < 0)
          return ret;
      s->slice_count = s->max_slice_count;
      if ((ret = ff_ffv1_init_slices_state(s)) < 0)
          return ret;
  
  #define STATS_OUT_SIZE 1024 * 1024 * 6
      if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1) {
          avctx->stats_out = av_mallocz(STATS_OUT_SIZE);
          if (!avctx->stats_out)
              return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
          for (i = 0; i < s->quant_table_count; i++)
              for (j = 0; j < s->max_slice_count; j++) {
                  FFV1Context *sf = s->slice_context[j];
                  av_assert0(!sf->rc_stat2[i]);
                  sf->rc_stat2[i] = av_mallocz(s->context_count[i] *
                                               sizeof(*sf->rc_stat2[i]));
                  if (!sf->rc_stat2[i])
                      return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
              }
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void encode_slice_header(FFV1Context *f, FFV1Context *fs)
  {
      RangeCoder *c = &fs->c;
      uint8_t state[CONTEXT_SIZE];
      int j;
      memset(state, 128, sizeof(state));
  
      put_symbol(c, state, (fs->slice_x     +1)*f->num_h_slices / f->width   , 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, (fs->slice_y     +1)*f->num_v_slices / f->height  , 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, (fs->slice_width +1)*f->num_h_slices / f->width -1, 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, (fs->slice_height+1)*f->num_v_slices / f->height-1, 0);
      for (j=0; j<f->plane_count; j++) {
          put_symbol(c, state, f->plane[j].quant_table_index, 0);
          av_assert0(f->plane[j].quant_table_index == f->context_model);
      }
      if (!f->picture.f->interlaced_frame)
          put_symbol(c, state, 3, 0);
      else
          put_symbol(c, state, 1 + !f->picture.f->top_field_first, 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, f->picture.f->sample_aspect_ratio.num, 0);
      put_symbol(c, state, f->picture.f->sample_aspect_ratio.den, 0);
      if (f->version > 3) {
          put_rac(c, state, fs->slice_coding_mode == 1);
          if (fs->slice_coding_mode == 1)
              ff_ffv1_clear_slice_state(f, fs);
          put_symbol(c, state, fs->slice_coding_mode, 0);
          if (fs->slice_coding_mode != 1) {
              put_symbol(c, state, fs->slice_rct_by_coef, 0);
              put_symbol(c, state, fs->slice_rct_ry_coef, 0);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static void choose_rct_params(FFV1Context *fs, const uint8_t *src[3], const int stride[3], int w, int h)
  {
  #define NB_Y_COEFF 15
      static const int rct_y_coeff[15][2] = {
          {0, 0}, //      4G
          {1, 1}, //  R + 2G + B
          {2, 2}, // 2R      + 2B
          {0, 2}, //      2G + 2B
          {2, 0}, // 2R + 2G
          {4, 0}, // 4R
          {0, 4}, //           4B
  
          {0, 3}, //      1G + 3B
          {3, 0}, // 3R + 1G
          {3, 1}, // 3R      +  B
          {1, 3}, //  R      + 3B
          {1, 2}, //  R +  G + 2B
          {2, 1}, // 2R +  G +  B
          {0, 1}, //      3G +  B
          {1, 0}, //  R + 3G
      };
  
      int stat[NB_Y_COEFF] = {0};
      int x, y, i, p, best;
      int16_t *sample[3];
      int lbd = fs->bits_per_raw_sample <= 8;
  
      for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
          int lastr=0, lastg=0, lastb=0;
          for (p = 0; p < 3; p++)
              sample[p] = fs->sample_buffer + p*w;
  
          for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
              int b, g, r;
              int ab, ag, ar;
              if (lbd) {
                  unsigned v = *((const uint32_t*)(src[0] + x*4 + stride[0]*y));
                  b =  v        & 0xFF;
                  g = (v >>  8) & 0xFF;
                  r = (v >> 16) & 0xFF;
              } else {
                  b = *((const uint16_t*)(src[0] + x*2 + stride[0]*y));
                  g = *((const uint16_t*)(src[1] + x*2 + stride[1]*y));
                  r = *((const uint16_t*)(src[2] + x*2 + stride[2]*y));
              }
  
              ar = r - lastr;
              ag = g - lastg;
              ab = b - lastb;
              if (x && y) {
                  int bg = ag - sample[0][x];
                  int bb = ab - sample[1][x];
                  int br = ar - sample[2][x];
  
                  br -= bg;
                  bb -= bg;
  
                  for (i = 0; i<NB_Y_COEFF; i++) {
                      stat[i] += FFABS(bg + ((br*rct_y_coeff[i][0] + bb*rct_y_coeff[i][1])>>2));
                  }
  
              }
              sample[0][x] = ag;
              sample[1][x] = ab;
              sample[2][x] = ar;
  
              lastr = r;
              lastg = g;
              lastb = b;
          }
      }
  
      best = 0;
      for (i=1; i<NB_Y_COEFF; i++) {
          if (stat[i] < stat[best])
              best = i;
      }
  
      fs->slice_rct_by_coef = rct_y_coeff[best][1];
      fs->slice_rct_ry_coef = rct_y_coeff[best][0];
  }
  
  static int encode_slice(AVCodecContext *c, void *arg)
  {
      FFV1Context *fs  = *(void **)arg;
      FFV1Context *f   = fs->avctx->priv_data;
      int width        = fs->slice_width;
      int height       = fs->slice_height;
      int x            = fs->slice_x;
      int y            = fs->slice_y;
      const AVFrame *const p = f->picture.f;
      const int ps     = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(c->pix_fmt)->comp[0].step;
      int ret;
      RangeCoder c_bak = fs->c;
      const uint8_t *planes[4] = {p->data[0] + ps*x + y*p->linesize[0],
                                  p->data[1] ? p->data[1] + ps*x + y*p->linesize[1] : NULL,
                                  p->data[2] ? p->data[2] + ps*x + y*p->linesize[2] : NULL,
                                  p->data[3] ? p->data[3] + ps*x + y*p->linesize[3] : NULL};
  
      fs->slice_coding_mode = 0;
      if (f->version > 3) {
          choose_rct_params(fs, planes, p->linesize, width, height);
      } else {
          fs->slice_rct_by_coef = 1;
          fs->slice_rct_ry_coef = 1;
      }
  
  retry:
      if (f->key_frame)
          ff_ffv1_clear_slice_state(f, fs);
      if (f->version > 2) {
          encode_slice_header(f, fs);
      }
      if (fs->ac == AC_GOLOMB_RICE) {
          fs->ac_byte_count = f->version > 2 || (!x && !y) ? ff_rac_terminate(&fs->c, f->version > 2) : 0;
          init_put_bits(&fs->pb,
                        fs->c.bytestream_start + fs->ac_byte_count,
                        fs->c.bytestream_end - fs->c.bytestream_start - fs->ac_byte_count);
      }
  
      if (f->colorspace == 0 && c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YA8) {
          const int chroma_width  = AV_CEIL_RSHIFT(width,  f->chroma_h_shift);
          const int chroma_height = AV_CEIL_RSHIFT(height, f->chroma_v_shift);
          const int cx            = x >> f->chroma_h_shift;
          const int cy            = y >> f->chroma_v_shift;
  
          ret = encode_plane(fs, p->data[0] + ps*x + y*p->linesize[0], width, height, p->linesize[0], 0, 1);
  
          if (f->chroma_planes) {
              ret |= encode_plane(fs, p->data[1] + ps*cx+cy*p->linesize[1], chroma_width, chroma_height, p->linesize[1], 1, 1);
              ret |= encode_plane(fs, p->data[2] + ps*cx+cy*p->linesize[2], chroma_width, chroma_height, p->linesize[2], 1, 1);
          }
          if (fs->transparency)
              ret |= encode_plane(fs, p->data[3] + ps*x + y*p->linesize[3], width, height, p->linesize[3], 2, 1);
      } else if (c->pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_YA8) {
          ret  = encode_plane(fs, p->data[0] +     ps*x + y*p->linesize[0], width, height, p->linesize[0], 0, 2);
          ret |= encode_plane(fs, p->data[0] + 1 + ps*x + y*p->linesize[0], width, height, p->linesize[0], 1, 2);
      } else if (f->use32bit) {
          ret = encode_rgb_frame32(fs, planes, width, height, p->linesize);
      } else {
          ret = encode_rgb_frame(fs, planes, width, height, p->linesize);
      }
      emms_c();
  
      if (ret < 0) {
          av_assert0(fs->slice_coding_mode == 0);
          if (fs->version < 4 || !fs->ac) {
              av_log(c, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Buffer too small\n");
              return ret;
          }
          av_log(c, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Coding slice as PCM\n");
          fs->slice_coding_mode = 1;
          fs->c = c_bak;
          goto retry;
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt,
                          const AVFrame *pict, int *got_packet)
  {
      FFV1Context *f      = avctx->priv_data;
      RangeCoder *const c = &f->slice_context[0]->c;
      AVFrame *const p    = f->picture.f;
      uint8_t keystate    = 128;
      uint8_t *buf_p;
      int i, ret;
      int64_t maxsize =   AV_INPUT_BUFFER_MIN_SIZE
                        + avctx->width*avctx->height*37LL*4;
  
      if(!pict) {
          if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1) {
              int j, k, m;
              char *p   = avctx->stats_out;
              char *end = p + STATS_OUT_SIZE;
  
              memset(f->rc_stat, 0, sizeof(f->rc_stat));
              for (i = 0; i < f->quant_table_count; i++)
                  memset(f->rc_stat2[i], 0, f->context_count[i] * sizeof(*f->rc_stat2[i]));
  
              av_assert0(f->slice_count == f->max_slice_count);
              for (j = 0; j < f->slice_count; j++) {
                  FFV1Context *fs = f->slice_context[j];
                  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
                      f->rc_stat[i][0] += fs->rc_stat[i][0];
                      f->rc_stat[i][1] += fs->rc_stat[i][1];
                  }
                  for (i = 0; i < f->quant_table_count; i++) {
                      for (k = 0; k < f->context_count[i]; k++)
                          for (m = 0; m < 32; m++) {
                              f->rc_stat2[i][k][m][0] += fs->rc_stat2[i][k][m][0];
                              f->rc_stat2[i][k][m][1] += fs->rc_stat2[i][k][m][1];
                          }
                  }
              }
  
              for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
                  snprintf(p, end - p, "%" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " ",
                          f->rc_stat[j][0], f->rc_stat[j][1]);
                  p += strlen(p);
              }
              snprintf(p, end - p, "\n");
  
              for (i = 0; i < f->quant_table_count; i++) {
                  for (j = 0; j < f->context_count[i]; j++)
                      for (m = 0; m < 32; m++) {
                          snprintf(p, end - p, "%" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " ",
                                  f->rc_stat2[i][j][m][0], f->rc_stat2[i][j][m][1]);
                          p += strlen(p);
                      }
              }
              snprintf(p, end - p, "%d\n", f->gob_count);
          }
          return 0;
      }
  
      if (f->version > 3)
          maxsize = AV_INPUT_BUFFER_MIN_SIZE + avctx->width*avctx->height*3LL*4;
  
      if (maxsize > INT_MAX - AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE - 32) {
          av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Cannot allocate worst case packet size, the encoding could fail\n");
          maxsize = INT_MAX - AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE - 32;
      }
  
      if ((ret = ff_alloc_packet2(avctx, pkt, maxsize, 0)) < 0)
          return ret;
  
      ff_init_range_encoder(c, pkt->data, pkt->size);
      ff_build_rac_states(c, 0.05 * (1LL << 32), 256 - 8);
  
      av_frame_unref(p);
      if ((ret = av_frame_ref(p, pict)) < 0)
          return ret;
  #if FF_API_CODED_FRAME
  FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
      avctx->coded_frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
  FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
  #endif
  
      if (avctx->gop_size == 0 || f->picture_number % avctx->gop_size == 0) {
          put_rac(c, &keystate, 1);
          f->key_frame = 1;
          f->gob_count++;
          write_header(f);
      } else {
          put_rac(c, &keystate, 0);
          f->key_frame = 0;
      }
  
      if (f->ac == AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB) {
          int i;
          for (i = 1; i < 256; i++) {
              c->one_state[i]        = f->state_transition[i];
              c->zero_state[256 - i] = 256 - c->one_state[i];
          }
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < f->slice_count; i++) {
          FFV1Context *fs = f->slice_context[i];
          uint8_t *start  = pkt->data + pkt->size * (int64_t)i / f->slice_count;
          int len         = pkt->size / f->slice_count;
          if (i) {
              ff_init_range_encoder(&fs->c, start, len);
          } else {
              av_assert0(fs->c.bytestream_end >= fs->c.bytestream_start + len);
              av_assert0(fs->c.bytestream < fs->c.bytestream_start + len);
              fs->c.bytestream_end = fs->c.bytestream_start + len;
          }
      }
      avctx->execute(avctx, encode_slice, &f->slice_context[0], NULL,
                     f->slice_count, sizeof(void *));
  
      buf_p = pkt->data;
      for (i = 0; i < f->slice_count; i++) {
          FFV1Context *fs = f->slice_context[i];
          int bytes;
  
          if (fs->ac != AC_GOLOMB_RICE) {
              bytes = ff_rac_terminate(&fs->c, 1);
          } else {
              flush_put_bits(&fs->pb); // FIXME: nicer padding
              bytes = fs->ac_byte_count + put_bytes_output(&fs->pb);
          }
          if (i > 0 || f->version > 2) {
              av_assert0(bytes < pkt->size / f->slice_count);
              memmove(buf_p, fs->c.bytestream_start, bytes);
              av_assert0(bytes < (1 << 24));
              AV_WB24(buf_p + bytes, bytes);
              bytes += 3;
          }
          if (f->ec) {
              unsigned v;
              buf_p[bytes++] = 0;
              v = av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_32_IEEE), 0, buf_p, bytes);
              AV_WL32(buf_p + bytes, v);
              bytes += 4;
          }
          buf_p += bytes;
      }
  
      if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1)
          avctx->stats_out[0] = '\0';
  
  #if FF_API_CODED_FRAME
  FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
      avctx->coded_frame->key_frame = f->key_frame;
  FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
  #endif
  
      f->picture_number++;
      pkt->size   = buf_p - pkt->data;
      pkt->pts    =
      pkt->dts    = pict->pts;
      pkt->flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY * f->key_frame;
      *got_packet = 1;
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static av_cold int encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
  {
      ff_ffv1_close(avctx);
      return 0;
  }
  
  #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(FFV1Context, x)
  #define VE AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM | AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
  static const AVOption options[] = {
      { "slicecrc", "Protect slices with CRCs", OFFSET(ec), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
      { "coder", "Coder type", OFFSET(ac), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
              { .i64 = 0 }, -2, 2, VE, "coder" },
          { "rice", "Golomb rice", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
              { .i64 = AC_GOLOMB_RICE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
          { "range_def", "Range with default table", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
              { .i64 = AC_RANGE_DEFAULT_TAB_FORCE }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
          { "range_tab", "Range with custom table", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
              { .i64 = AC_RANGE_CUSTOM_TAB }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
          { "ac", "Range with custom table (the ac option exists for compatibility and is deprecated)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
              { .i64 = 1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
      { "context", "Context model", OFFSET(context_model), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
              { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, VE },
  
      { NULL }
  };
  
  static const AVClass ffv1_class = {
      .class_name = "ffv1 encoder",
      .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
      .option     = options,
      .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
  };
  
  #if FF_API_CODER_TYPE
  static const AVCodecDefault ffv1_defaults[] = {
      { "coder", "-1" },
      { NULL },
  };
  #endif
  
  AVCodec ff_ffv1_encoder = {
      .name           = "ffv1",
      .long_name      = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("FFmpeg video codec #1"),
      .type           = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
      .id             = AV_CODEC_ID_FFV1,
      .priv_data_size = sizeof(FFV1Context),
      .init           = encode_init,
      .encode2        = encode_frame,
      .close          = encode_close,
      .capabilities   = AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS | AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY,
      .pix_fmts       = (const enum AVPixelFormat[]) {
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,   AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P,  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P,  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P,  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P,   AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P,   AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P,   AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB32,    AV_PIX_FMT_RGB32,     AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P16,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P16, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P16, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P9,  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P9,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P9,  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P10, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P10, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P10,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P12, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P12, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P12,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P16, AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P16, AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P16,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P10, AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P10, AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P10,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P9, AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P9, AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P9,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16,    AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8,     AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP9,     AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP10,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP12,    AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP14,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP10, AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP12,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YA8,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY10, AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY12,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP16, AV_PIX_FMT_RGB48,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP16, AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64,
          AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY9,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P14, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P14, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P14,
          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P10, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P12,
          AV_PIX_FMT_NONE
  
      },
  #if FF_API_CODER_TYPE
      .defaults       = ffv1_defaults,
  #endif
      .priv_class     = &ffv1_class,
      .caps_internal  = FF_CODEC_CAP_INIT_CLEANUP,
  };
  