text: /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   *
   * initdb --- initialize a PostgreSQL installation
   *
   * initdb creates (initializes) a PostgreSQL database cluster (site,
   * instance, installation, whatever).  A database cluster is a
   * collection of PostgreSQL databases all managed by the same server.
   *
   * To create the database cluster, we create the directory that contains
   * all its data, create the files that hold the global tables, create
   * a few other control files for it, and create three databases: the
   * template databases "template0" and "template1", and a default user
   * database "postgres".
   *
   * The template databases are ordinary PostgreSQL databases.  template0
   * is never supposed to change after initdb, whereas template1 can be
   * changed to add site-local standard data.  Either one can be copied
   * to produce a new database.
   *
   * For largely-historical reasons, the template1 database is the one built
   * by the basic bootstrap process.  After it is complete, template0 and
   * the default database, postgres, are made just by copying template1.
   *
   * To create template1, we run the postgres (backend) program in bootstrap
   * mode and feed it data from the postgres.bki library file.  After this
   * initial bootstrap phase, some additional stuff is created by normal
   * SQL commands fed to a standalone backend.  Some of those commands are
   * just embedded into this program (yeah, it's ugly), but larger chunks
   * are taken from script files.
   *
   *
   * Note:
   *	 The program has some memory leakage - it isn't worth cleaning it up.
   *
   * This is a C implementation of the previous shell script for setting up a
   * PostgreSQL cluster location, and should be highly compatible with it.
   * author of C translation: Andrew Dunstan	   mailto:andrew@dunslane.net
   *
   * This code is released under the terms of the PostgreSQL License.
   *
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
   *
   * src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
   *
   *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */
  
  #include "postgres_fe.h"
  
  #include <dirent.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <locale.h>
  #include <signal.h>
  #include <time.h>
  
  #ifdef HAVE_SHM_OPEN
  #include "sys/mman.h"
  #endif
  
  #include "catalog/catalog.h"
  #include "common/restricted_token.h"
  #include "common/username.h"
  #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
  #include "getaddrinfo.h"
  #include "getopt_long.h"
  #include "miscadmin.h"
  
  
  /* Define PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS if we have an implementation for pg_flush_data */
  #if defined(HAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE)
  #define PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS 1
  #elif defined(USE_POSIX_FADVISE) && defined(POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED)
  #define PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS 1
  #endif
  
  /* Ideally this would be in a .h file, but it hardly seems worth the trouble */
  extern const char *select_default_timezone(const char *share_path);
  
  static const char *const auth_methods_host[] = {
  	"trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "ident", "radius",
  #ifdef ENABLE_GSS
  	"gss",
  #endif
  #ifdef ENABLE_SSPI
  	"sspi",
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_PAM
  	"pam", "pam ",
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_BSD_AUTH
  	"bsd",
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_LDAP
  	"ldap",
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_SSL
  	"cert",
  #endif
  	NULL
  };
  static const char *const auth_methods_local[] = {
  	"trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "peer", "radius",
  #ifdef USE_PAM
  	"pam", "pam ",
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_BSD_AUTH
  	"bsd",
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_LDAP
  	"ldap",
  #endif
  	NULL
  };
  
  /*
   * these values are passed in by makefile defines
   */
  static char *share_path = NULL;
  
  /* values to be obtained from arguments */
  static char *pg_data = "";
  static char *encoding = "";
  static char *locale = "";
  static char *lc_collate = "";
  static char *lc_ctype = "";
  static char *lc_monetary = "";
  static char *lc_numeric = "";
  static char *lc_time = "";
  static char *lc_messages = "";
  static const char *default_text_search_config = "";
  static char *username = "";
  static bool pwprompt = false;
  static char *pwfilename = NULL;
  static const char *authmethodhost = "";
  static const char *authmethodlocal = "";
  static bool debug = false;
  static bool noclean = false;
  
  static bool do_sync = true;
  static bool sync_only = false;
  static bool show_setting = false;
  static bool data_checksums = false;
  static char *xlog_dir = "";
  
  
  /* internal vars */
  static const char *progname;
  static char *encodingid = "0";
  static char *bki_file;
  static char *desc_file;
  static char *shdesc_file;
  static char *hba_file;
  static char *ident_file;
  static char *conf_file;
  static char *conversion_file;
  static char *dictionary_file;
  static char *info_schema_file;
  static char *cdb_init_d_dir;
  static char *features_file;
  static char *system_views_file;
  static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
  static bool found_existing_pgdata = false;
  static bool made_new_xlogdir = false;
  static bool found_existing_xlogdir = false;
  static char infoversion[100];
  static bool caught_signal = false;
  static bool output_failed = false;
  static int	output_errno = 0;
  static char *pgdata_native;
  
  /* defaults */
  static int	n_connections = 0;
  static int	n_buffers = 0;
  static char *dynamic_shared_memory_type = NULL;
  
  /*
   * Warning messages for authentication methods
   */
  #define AUTHTRUST_WARNING \
  "# CAUTION: Configuring the system for local \"trust\" authentication\n" \
  "# allows any local user to connect as any PostgreSQL user, including\n" \
  "# the database superuser.  If you do not trust all your local users,\n" \
  "# use another authentication method.\n"
  static char *authwarning = NULL;
  
  /*
   * Centralized knowledge of switches to pass to backend
   *
   * Note: we run the backend with -F (fsync disabled) and then do a single
   * pass of fsync'ing at the end.  This is faster than fsync'ing each step.
   *
   * Note: in the shell-script version, we also passed PGDATA as a -D switch,
   * but here it is more convenient to pass it as an environment variable
   * (no quoting to worry about).
   */
  static const char *boot_options = "-F";
  static const char *backend_options = "--single -F -O -j -c gp_role=utility -c search_path=pg_catalog -c exit_on_error=true";
  
  static const char *const subdirs[] = {
  	"global",
  	"pg_xlog/archive_status",
  	"pg_clog",
  	"pg_commit_ts",
  	"pg_dynshmem",
  	"pg_notify",
  	"pg_serial",
  	"pg_snapshots",
  	"pg_subtrans",
  	"pg_twophase",
  	"pg_multixact",
  	"pg_multixact/members",
  	"pg_multixact/offsets",
  	"base",
  	"base/1",
  	"pg_replslot",
  	"pg_tblspc",
  	"pg_stat",
  	"pg_stat_tmp",
  	"pg_logical",
  	"pg_logical/snapshots",
  	"pg_logical/mappings",
  /* GPDB needs these directories */
  	"pg_distributedlog",
  	"pg_utilitymodedtmredo",
  	"pg_log"
  };
  
  
  /* path to 'initdb' binary directory */
  static char bin_path[MAXPGPATH];
  static char backend_exec[MAXPGPATH];
  
  static char **replace_token(char **lines,
  			  const char *token, const char *replacement);
  
  #ifndef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
  static char **filter_lines_with_token(char **lines, const char *token);
  #endif
  static char **readfile(const char *path);
  static void writefile(char *path, char **lines);
  static void walkdir(const char *path,
  		void (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
  		bool process_symlinks);
  #ifdef PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS
  static void pre_sync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
  #endif
  static void fsync_fname_ext(const char *fname, bool isdir);
  static FILE *popen_check(const char *command, const char *mode);
  static void exit_nicely(void);
  static char *get_id(void);
  static char *get_encoding_id(char *encoding_name);
  static void set_input(char **dest, char *filename);
  static void check_input(char *path);
  static void write_version_file(char *extrapath);
  static void set_null_conf(const char*);
  static void test_config_settings(void);
  static void setup_config(void);
  static void bootstrap_template1(void);
  static void setup_auth(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void get_set_pwd(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void setup_depend(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void setup_sysviews(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void setup_description(FILE *cmdfd);
  #if 0
  static void setup_collation(FILE *cmdfd);
  #endif
  static void setup_conversion(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void setup_dictionary(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void setup_privileges(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void set_info_version(void);
  static void setup_schema(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void setup_cdb_schema(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void load_plpgsql(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void vacuum_db(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void make_template0(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void make_postgres(FILE *cmdfd);
  static void fsync_pgdata(void);
  static void trapsig(int signum);
  static void check_ok(void);
  static char *escape_quotes(const char *src);
  static int	locale_date_order(const char *locale);
  static void check_locale_name(int category, const char *locale,
  				  char **canonname);
  static bool check_locale_encoding(const char *locale, int encoding);
  static void setlocales(void);
  static void usage(const char *progname);
  void		setup_pgdata(void);
  void		setup_bin_paths(const char *argv0);
  void		setup_data_file_paths(void);
  void		setup_locale_encoding(void);
  void		setup_signals(void);
  void		setup_text_search(void);
  void		create_data_directory(void);
  void		create_xlog_or_symlink(void);
  void		warn_on_mount_point(int error);
  void		initialize_data_directory(void);
  
  /*
   * macros for running pipes to postgres
   */
  #define PG_CMD_DECL		char cmd[MAXPGPATH]; FILE *cmdfd
  
  #define PG_CMD_OPEN \
  do { \
  	cmdfd = popen_check(cmd, "w"); \
  	if (cmdfd == NULL) \
  		exit_nicely(); /* message already printed by popen_check */ \
  } while (0)
  
  #define PG_CMD_CLOSE \
  do { \
  	if (pclose_check(cmdfd)) \
  		exit_nicely(); /* message already printed by pclose_check */ \
  } while (0)
  
  #define PG_CMD_PUTS(line) \
  do { \
  	if (fputs(line, cmdfd) < 0 || fflush(cmdfd) < 0) \
  		output_failed = true, output_errno = errno; \
  } while (0)
  
  #define PG_CMD_PRINTF1(fmt, arg1) \
  do { \
  	if (fprintf(cmdfd, fmt, arg1) < 0 || fflush(cmdfd) < 0) \
  		output_failed = true, output_errno = errno; \
  } while (0)
  
  #define PG_CMD_PRINTF2(fmt, arg1, arg2) \
  do { \
  	if (fprintf(cmdfd, fmt, arg1, arg2) < 0 || fflush(cmdfd) < 0) \
  		output_failed = true, output_errno = errno; \
  } while (0)
  
  #define PG_CMD_PRINTF3(fmt, arg1, arg2, arg3)		\
  do { \
  	if (fprintf(cmdfd, fmt, arg1, arg2, arg3) < 0 || fflush(cmdfd) < 0) \
  		output_failed = true, output_errno = errno; \
  } while (0)
  
  #ifndef WIN32
  #define QUOTE_PATH	""
  #define DIR_SEP "/"
  #else
  #define QUOTE_PATH	"\""
  #define DIR_SEP "\\"
  #endif
  
  static char *
  escape_quotes(const char *src)
  {
  	char	   *result = escape_single_quotes_ascii(src);
  
  	if (!result)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: out of memory\n"), progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  	return result;
  }
  
  /*
   * make a copy of the array of lines, with token replaced by replacement
   * the first time it occurs on each line.
   *
   * This does most of what sed was used for in the shell script, but
   * doesn't need any regexp stuff.
   */
  static char **
  replace_token(char **lines, const char *token, const char *replacement)
  {
  	int			numlines = 1;
  	int			i;
  	char	  **result;
  	int			toklen,
  				replen,
  				diff;
  
  	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++)
  		numlines++;
  
  	result = (char **) pg_malloc(numlines * sizeof(char *));
  
  	toklen = strlen(token);
  	replen = strlen(replacement);
  	diff = replen - toklen;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < numlines; i++)
  	{
  		char	   *where;
  		char	   *newline;
  		int			pre;
  
  		/* just copy pointer if NULL or no change needed */
  		if (lines[i] == NULL || (where = strstr(lines[i], token)) == NULL)
  		{
  			result[i] = lines[i];
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* if we get here a change is needed - set up new line */
  
  		newline = (char *) pg_malloc(strlen(lines[i]) + diff + 1);
  
  		pre = where - lines[i];
  
  		memcpy(newline, lines[i], pre);
  
  		memcpy(newline + pre, replacement, replen);
  
  		strcpy(newline + pre + replen, lines[i] + pre + toklen);
  
  		result[i] = newline;
  	}
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  /*
   * make a copy of lines without any that contain the token
   *
   * a sort of poor man's grep -v
   */
  #ifndef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
  static char **
  filter_lines_with_token(char **lines, const char *token)
  {
  	int			numlines = 1;
  	int			i,
  				src,
  				dst;
  	char	  **result;
  
  	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++)
  		numlines++;
  
  	result = (char **) pg_malloc(numlines * sizeof(char *));
  
  	for (src = 0, dst = 0; src < numlines; src++)
  	{
  		if (lines[src] == NULL || strstr(lines[src], token) == NULL)
  			result[dst++] = lines[src];
  	}
  
  	return result;
  }
  #endif
  
  /*
   * get the lines from a text file
   */
  static char **
  readfile(const char *path)
  {
  	FILE	   *infile;
  	int			maxlength = 1,
  				linelen = 0;
  	int			nlines = 0;
  	int			n;
  	char	  **result;
  	char	   *buffer;
  	int			c;
  
  	if ((infile = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	/* pass over the file twice - the first time to size the result */
  
  	while ((c = fgetc(infile)) != EOF)
  	{
  		linelen++;
  		if (c == '\n')
  		{
  			nlines++;
  			if (linelen > maxlength)
  				maxlength = linelen;
  			linelen = 0;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* handle last line without a terminating newline (yuck) */
  	if (linelen)
  		nlines++;
  	if (linelen > maxlength)
  		maxlength = linelen;
  
  	/* set up the result and the line buffer */
  	result = (char **) pg_malloc((nlines + 1) * sizeof(char *));
  	buffer = (char *) pg_malloc(maxlength + 1);
  
  	/* now reprocess the file and store the lines */
  	rewind(infile);
  	n = 0;
  	while (fgets(buffer, maxlength + 1, infile) != NULL && n < nlines)
  		result[n++] = pg_strdup(buffer);
  
  	fclose(infile);
  	free(buffer);
  	result[n] = NULL;
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  /*
   * write an array of lines to a file
   *
   * This is only used to write text files.  Use fopen "w" not PG_BINARY_W
   * so that the resulting configuration files are nicely editable on Windows.
   */
  static void
  writefile(char *path, char **lines)
  {
  	FILE	   *out_file;
  	char	  **line;
  
  	if ((out_file = fopen(path, "w")) == NULL)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	for (line = lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  	{
  		if (fputs(*line, out_file) < 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not write file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, path, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  		free(*line);
  	}
  	if (fclose(out_file))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not write file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * walkdir: recursively walk a directory, applying the action to each
   * regular file and directory (including the named directory itself).
   *
   * If process_symlinks is true, the action and recursion are also applied
   * to regular files and directories that are pointed to by symlinks in the
   * given directory; otherwise symlinks are ignored.  Symlinks are always
   * ignored in subdirectories, ie we intentionally don't pass down the
   * process_symlinks flag to recursive calls.
   *
   * Errors are reported but not considered fatal.
   *
   * See also walkdir in fd.c, which is a backend version of this logic.
   */
  static void
  walkdir(const char *path,
  		void (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
  		bool process_symlinks)
  {
  	DIR		   *dir;
  	struct dirent *de;
  
  	dir = opendir(path);
  	if (dir == NULL)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		return;
  	}
  
  	while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
  	{
  		char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
  		struct stat fst;
  		int			sret;
  
  		if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
  			strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
  			continue;
  
  		snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", path, de->d_name);
  
  		if (process_symlinks)
  			sret = stat(subpath, &fst);
  		else
  			sret = lstat(subpath, &fst);
  
  		if (sret < 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not stat file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, subpath, strerror(errno));
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		if (S_ISREG(fst.st_mode))
  			(*action) (subpath, false);
  		else if (S_ISDIR(fst.st_mode))
  			walkdir(subpath, action, false);
  	}
  
  	if (errno)
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not read directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  
  	(void) closedir(dir);
  
  	/*
  	 * It's important to fsync the destination directory itself as individual
  	 * file fsyncs don't guarantee that the directory entry for the file is
  	 * synced.  Recent versions of ext4 have made the window much wider but
  	 * it's been an issue for ext3 and other filesystems in the past.
  	 */
  	(*action) (path, true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Hint to the OS that it should get ready to fsync() this file.
   *
   * Ignores errors trying to open unreadable files, and reports other errors
   * non-fatally.
   */
  #ifdef PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS
  
  static void
  pre_sync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir)
  {
  	int			fd;
  
  	fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY);
  
  	if (fd < 0)
  	{
  		if (errno == EACCES || (isdir && errno == EISDIR))
  			return;
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, fname, strerror(errno));
  		return;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * We do what pg_flush_data() would do in the backend: prefer to use
  	 * sync_file_range, but fall back to posix_fadvise.  We ignore errors
  	 * because this is only a hint.
  	 */
  #if defined(HAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE)
  	(void) sync_file_range(fd, 0, 0, SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE);
  #elif defined(USE_POSIX_FADVISE) && defined(POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED)
  	(void) posix_fadvise(fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
  #else
  #error PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS should not have been defined
  #endif
  
  	(void) close(fd);
  }
  
  #endif   /* PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS */
  
  /*
   * fsync_fname_ext -- Try to fsync a file or directory
   *
   * Ignores errors trying to open unreadable files, or trying to fsync
   * directories on systems where that isn't allowed/required.  Reports
   * other errors non-fatally.
   */
  static void
  fsync_fname_ext(const char *fname, bool isdir)
  {
  	int			fd;
  	int			flags;
  	int			returncode;
  
  	/*
  	 * Some OSs require directories to be opened read-only whereas other
  	 * systems don't allow us to fsync files opened read-only; so we need both
  	 * cases here.  Using O_RDWR will cause us to fail to fsync files that are
  	 * not writable by our userid, but we assume that's OK.
  	 */
  	flags = PG_BINARY;
  	if (!isdir)
  		flags |= O_RDWR;
  	else
  		flags |= O_RDONLY;
  
  	/*
  	 * Open the file, silently ignoring errors about unreadable files (or
  	 * unsupported operations, e.g. opening a directory under Windows), and
  	 * logging others.
  	 */
  	fd = open(fname, flags);
  	if (fd < 0)
  	{
  		if (errno == EACCES || (isdir && errno == EISDIR))
  			return;
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, fname, strerror(errno));
  		return;
  	}
  
  	returncode = fsync(fd);
  
  	/*
  	 * Some OSes don't allow us to fsync directories at all, so we can ignore
  	 * those errors. Anything else needs to be reported.
  	 */
  	if (returncode != 0 && !(isdir && errno == EBADF))
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not fsync file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, fname, strerror(errno));
  
  	(void) close(fd);
  }
  
  /*
   * Open a subcommand with suitable error messaging
   */
  static FILE *
  popen_check(const char *command, const char *mode)
  {
  	FILE	   *cmdfd;
  
  	fflush(stdout);
  	fflush(stderr);
  	errno = 0;
  	cmdfd = popen(command, mode);
  	if (cmdfd == NULL)
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not execute command \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, command, strerror(errno));
  	return cmdfd;
  }
  
  /*
   * clean up any files we created on failure
   * if we created the data directory remove it too
   */
  static void
  exit_nicely(void)
  {
  	if (!noclean)
  	{
  		if (made_new_pgdata)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: removing data directory \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, pg_data);
  			if (!rmtree(pg_data, true))
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: failed to remove data directory\n"),
  						progname);
  		}
  		else if (found_existing_pgdata)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("%s: removing contents of data directory \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, pg_data);
  			if (!rmtree(pg_data, false))
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: failed to remove contents of data directory\n"),
  						progname);
  		}
  
  		if (made_new_xlogdir)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: removing transaction log directory \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, xlog_dir);
  			if (!rmtree(xlog_dir, true))
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: failed to remove transaction log directory\n"),
  						progname);
  		}
  		else if (found_existing_xlogdir)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr,
  			_("%s: removing contents of transaction log directory \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, xlog_dir);
  			if (!rmtree(xlog_dir, false))
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: failed to remove contents of transaction log directory\n"),
  						progname);
  		}
  		/* otherwise died during startup, do nothing! */
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		if (made_new_pgdata || found_existing_pgdata)
  			fprintf(stderr,
  			  _("%s: data directory \"%s\" not removed at user's request\n"),
  					progname, pg_data);
  
  		if (made_new_xlogdir || found_existing_xlogdir)
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("%s: transaction log directory \"%s\" not removed at user's request\n"),
  					progname, xlog_dir);
  	}
  
  	exit(1);
  }
  
  /*
   * find the current user
   *
   * on unix make sure it isn't root
   */
  static char *
  get_id(void)
  {
  	const char *username;
  
  #ifndef WIN32
  	if (geteuid() == 0)			/* 0 is root's uid */
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				_("%s: cannot be run as root\n"
  				  "Please log in (using, e.g., \"su\") as the "
  				  "(unprivileged) user that will\n"
  				  "own the server process.\n"),
  				progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  #endif
  
  	username = get_user_name_or_exit(progname);
  
  	return pg_strdup(username);
  }
  
  static char *
  encodingid_to_string(int enc)
  {
  	char		result[20];
  
  	sprintf(result, "%d", enc);
  	return pg_strdup(result);
  }
  
  /*
   * get the encoding id for a given encoding name
   */
  static char *
  get_encoding_id(char *encoding_name)
  {
  	int			enc;
  
  	if (encoding_name && *encoding_name)
  	{
  		if ((enc = pg_valid_server_encoding(encoding_name)) >= 0)
  			return encodingid_to_string(enc);
  	}
  	fprintf(stderr, _("%s: \"%s\" is not a valid server encoding name\n"),
  			progname, encoding_name ? encoding_name : "(null)");
  	exit(1);
  }
  
  /*
   * Support for determining the best default text search configuration.
   * We key this off the first part of LC_CTYPE (ie, the language name).
   */
  struct tsearch_config_match
  {
  	const char *tsconfname;
  	const char *langname;
  };
  
  static const struct tsearch_config_match tsearch_config_languages[] =
  {
  	{"danish", "da"},
  	{"danish", "Danish"},
  	{"dutch", "nl"},
  	{"dutch", "Dutch"},
  	{"english", "C"},
  	{"english", "POSIX"},
  	{"english", "en"},
  	{"english", "English"},
  	{"finnish", "fi"},
  	{"finnish", "Finnish"},
  	{"french", "fr"},
  	{"french", "French"},
  	{"german", "de"},
  	{"german", "German"},
  	{"hungarian", "hu"},
  	{"hungarian", "Hungarian"},
  	{"italian", "it"},
  	{"italian", "Italian"},
  	{"norwegian", "no"},
  	{"norwegian", "Norwegian"},
  	{"portuguese", "pt"},
  	{"portuguese", "Portuguese"},
  	{"romanian", "ro"},
  	{"russian", "ru"},
  	{"russian", "Russian"},
  	{"spanish", "es"},
  	{"spanish", "Spanish"},
  	{"swedish", "sv"},
  	{"swedish", "Swedish"},
  	{"turkish", "tr"},
  	{"turkish", "Turkish"},
  	{NULL, NULL}				/* end marker */
  };
  
  /*
   * Look for a text search configuration matching lc_ctype, and return its
   * name; return NULL if no match.
   */
  static const char *
  find_matching_ts_config(const char *lc_type)
  {
  	int			i;
  	char	   *langname,
  			   *ptr;
  
  	/*
  	 * Convert lc_ctype to a language name by stripping everything after an
  	 * underscore (usual case) or a hyphen (Windows "locale name"; see
  	 * comments at IsoLocaleName()).
  	 *
  	 * XXX Should ' ' be a stop character?	This would select "norwegian" for
  	 * the Windows locale "Norwegian (Nynorsk)_Norway.1252".  If we do so, we
  	 * should also accept the "nn" and "nb" Unix locales.
  	 *
  	 * Just for paranoia, we also stop at '.' or '@'.
  	 */
  	if (lc_type == NULL)
  		langname = pg_strdup("");
  	else
  	{
  		ptr = langname = pg_strdup(lc_type);
  		while (*ptr &&
  			   *ptr != '_' && *ptr != '-' && *ptr != '.' && *ptr != '@')
  			ptr++;
  		*ptr = '\0';
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; tsearch_config_languages[i].tsconfname; i++)
  	{
  		if (pg_strcasecmp(tsearch_config_languages[i].langname, langname) == 0)
  		{
  			free(langname);
  			return tsearch_config_languages[i].tsconfname;
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(langname);
  	return NULL;
  }
  
  
  /*
   * set name of given input file variable under data directory
   */
  static void
  set_input(char **dest, char *filename)
  {
  	*dest = psprintf("%s/%s", share_path, filename);
  }
  
  /*
   * check that given input file exists
   */
  static void
  check_input(char *path)
  {
  	struct stat statbuf;
  
  	if (stat(path, &statbuf) != 0)
  	{
  		if (errno == ENOENT)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("%s: file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, path);
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("This might mean you have a corrupted installation or identified\n"
  					"the wrong directory with the invocation option -L.\n"));
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr,
  				 _("%s: could not access file \"%s\": %s\n"), progname, path,
  					strerror(errno));
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("This might mean you have a corrupted installation or identified\n"
  					"the wrong directory with the invocation option -L.\n"));
  		}
  		exit(1);
  	}
  	if (!S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				_("%s: file \"%s\" is not a regular file\n"), progname, path);
  		fprintf(stderr,
  		_("This might mean you have a corrupted installation or identified\n"
  		  "the wrong directory with the invocation option -L.\n"));
  		exit(1);
  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * write out the PG_VERSION file in the data dir, or its subdirectory
   * if extrapath is not NULL
   */
  static void
  write_version_file(char *extrapath)
  {
  	FILE	   *version_file;
  	char	   *path;
  
  	if (extrapath == NULL)
  		path = psprintf("%s/PG_VERSION", pg_data);
  	else
  		path = psprintf("%s/%s/PG_VERSION", pg_data, extrapath);
  
  	if ((version_file = fopen(path, PG_BINARY_W)) == NULL)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	if (fprintf(version_file, "%s\n", PG_MAJORVERSION) < 0 ||
  		fclose(version_file))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not write file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	free(path);
  }
  
  /*
   * set up an empty config file so we can check config settings by launching
   * a test backend
   */
  static void
  set_null_conf(const char* filename)
  {
  	FILE	   *conf_file;
  	char	   *path;
  
  	path = psprintf("%s/%s", pg_data, filename);
  	conf_file = fopen(path, PG_BINARY_W);
  	if (conf_file == NULL)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for writing: %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	if (fclose(conf_file))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not write file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	free(path);
  }
  
  /*
   * Determine which dynamic shared memory implementation should be used on
   * this platform.  POSIX shared memory is preferable because the default
   * allocation limits are much higher than the limits for System V on most
   * systems that support both, but the fact that a platform has shm_open
   * doesn't guarantee that that call will succeed when attempted.  So, we
   * attempt to reproduce what the postmaster will do when allocating a POSIX
   * segment in dsm_impl.c; if it doesn't work, we assume it won't work for
   * the postmaster either, and configure the cluster for System V shared
   * memory instead.
   */
  static char *
  choose_dsm_implementation(void)
  {
  #ifdef HAVE_SHM_OPEN
  	int			ntries = 10;
  
  	/* Initialize random(); this function is its only user in this program. */
  	srandom((unsigned int) (getpid() ^ time(NULL)));
  
  	while (ntries > 0)
  	{
  		uint32		handle;
  		char		name[64];
  		int			fd;
  
  		handle = random();
  		snprintf(name, 64, "/PostgreSQL.%u", handle);
  		if ((fd = shm_open(name, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_EXCL, 0600)) != -1)
  		{
  			close(fd);
  			shm_unlink(name);
  			return "posix";
  		}
  		if (errno != EEXIST)
  			break;
  		--ntries;
  	}
  #endif
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  	return "windows";
  #else
  	return "sysv";
  #endif
  }
  
  /*
   * Determine platform-specific config settings
   *
   * Use reasonable values if kernel will let us, else scale back.  Probe
   * for max_connections first since it is subject to more constraints than
   * shared_buffers.
   */
  static void
  test_config_settings(void)
  {
  	/*
  	 * This macro defines the minimum shared_buffers we want for a given
  	 * max_connections value. The arrays show the settings to try.
  	 */
  #define MIN_BUFS_FOR_CONNS(nconns)	((nconns) * 10)
  
  	static const int trial_conns[] = {
  		200, 100, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10
  	};
  	static const int trial_bufs[] = {
  		16384, 8192, 4096, 3584, 3072, 2560, 2048, 1536,
  		1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500,
  		400, 300, 200, 100, 50
  	};
  
  	char		cmd[MAXPGPATH];
  	const int	connslen = sizeof(trial_conns) / sizeof(int);
  	const int	bufslen = sizeof(trial_bufs) / sizeof(int);
  	int			i,
  				status,
  				test_conns,
  				test_buffs,
  				ok_buffers = 0;
  
  
  	printf(_("selecting default max_connections ... "));
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < connslen; i++)
  	{
  		test_conns = trial_conns[i];
  		if (n_connections > 0)
  			test_conns = n_connections;
  
  		test_buffs = MIN_BUFS_FOR_CONNS(test_conns);
  		if (n_buffers > 0)
  			test_buffs = n_buffers;
  
  		snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
  				 "\"%s\" --boot -x0 %s "
  				 "-c max_connections=%d "
  				 "-c shared_buffers=%d "
  				 "-c dynamic_shared_memory_type=none "
  				 "< \"%s\" > \"%s\" 2>&1",
  				 backend_exec, boot_options,
  				 test_conns, test_buffs,
  				 DEVNULL, DEVNULL);
  		status = system(cmd);
  		if (status == 0)
  		{
  			n_connections = test_conns;
  			ok_buffers = test_buffs;
  			break;
  		}
  		if (n_connections > 0 || i == connslen - 1)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: error %d from: %s\n"),
  					progname, status, cmd);
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  	}
  	printf("%d\n", n_connections);
  
  	printf(_("selecting default shared_buffers ... "));
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < bufslen && n_buffers <= 0; i++)
  	{
  		/* Use same amount of memory, independent of BLCKSZ */
  		test_buffs = (trial_bufs[i] * 8192) / BLCKSZ;
  		if (test_buffs <= ok_buffers)
  		{
  			n_buffers = ok_buffers;
  			break;
  		}
  
  		snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
  				 "\"%s\" --boot -x0 %s "
  				 "-c max_connections=%d "
  				 "-c shared_buffers=%d "
  				 "-c dynamic_shared_memory_type=none "
  				 "< \"%s\" > \"%s\" 2>&1",
  				 backend_exec, boot_options,
  				 n_connections, test_buffs,
  				 DEVNULL, DEVNULL);
  		status = system(cmd);
  		if (status == 0)
  		{
  			n_buffers = test_buffs;
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  	if (i == bufslen)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: error %d from: %s\n"),
  				progname, status, cmd);
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	if ((n_buffers * (BLCKSZ / 1024)) % 1024 == 0)
  		printf("%dMB\n", (n_buffers * (BLCKSZ / 1024)) / 1024);
  	else
  		printf("%dkB\n", n_buffers * (BLCKSZ / 1024));
  
  	printf(_("selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... "));
  	fflush(stdout);
  	dynamic_shared_memory_type = choose_dsm_implementation();
  	printf("%s\n", dynamic_shared_memory_type);
  }
  
  /*
   * set up all the config files
   */
  static void
  setup_config(void)
  {
  	char	  **conflines;
  	char		repltok[MAXPGPATH];
  	char		path[MAXPGPATH];
  	const char *default_timezone;
  	char	   *autoconflines[3];
  
  	fputs(_("creating configuration files ... "), stdout);
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	/* postgresql.conf */
  
  	conflines = readfile(conf_file);
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "max_connections = %d", n_connections);
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#max_connections = 200", repltok);
  
  	if ((n_buffers * (BLCKSZ / 1024)) % 1024 == 0)
  		snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "shared_buffers = %dMB",
  				 (n_buffers * (BLCKSZ / 1024)) / 1024);
  	else
  		snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "shared_buffers = %dkB",
  				 n_buffers * (BLCKSZ / 1024));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#shared_buffers = 128MB", repltok);
  
  #ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "#unix_socket_directories = '%s'",
  			 DEFAULT_PGSOCKET_DIR);
  #else
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "#unix_socket_directories = ''");
  #endif
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#unix_socket_directories = '/tmp'",
  							  repltok);
  
  #if DEF_PGPORT != 5432
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "#port = %d", DEF_PGPORT);
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#port = 5432", repltok);
  #endif
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "lc_messages = '%s'",
  			 escape_quotes(lc_messages));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#lc_messages = 'C'", repltok);
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "lc_monetary = '%s'",
  			 escape_quotes(lc_monetary));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#lc_monetary = 'C'", repltok);
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "lc_numeric = '%s'",
  			 escape_quotes(lc_numeric));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#lc_numeric = 'C'", repltok);
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "lc_time = '%s'",
  			 escape_quotes(lc_time));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#lc_time = 'C'", repltok);
  
  	switch (locale_date_order(lc_time))
  	{
  		case DATEORDER_YMD:
  			strcpy(repltok, "datestyle = 'iso, ymd'");
  			break;
  		case DATEORDER_DMY:
  			strcpy(repltok, "datestyle = 'iso, dmy'");
  			break;
  		case DATEORDER_MDY:
  		default:
  			strcpy(repltok, "datestyle = 'iso, mdy'");
  			break;
  	}
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#datestyle = 'iso, mdy'", repltok);
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok),
  			 "default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.%s'",
  			 escape_quotes(default_text_search_config));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  						 "#default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.simple'",
  							  repltok);
  
  	default_timezone = select_default_timezone(share_path);
  	if (default_timezone)
  	{
  		snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "timezone = '%s'",
  				 escape_quotes(default_timezone));
  		conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#timezone = 'GMT'", repltok);
  		snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "log_timezone = '%s'",
  				 escape_quotes(default_timezone));
  		conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#log_timezone = 'GMT'", repltok);
  	}
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "dynamic_shared_memory_type = %s",
  			 dynamic_shared_memory_type);
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix",
  							  repltok);
  
  #if DEFAULT_BACKEND_FLUSH_AFTER > 0
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "#backend_flush_after = %dkB",
  			 DEFAULT_BACKEND_FLUSH_AFTER * (BLCKSZ / 1024));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#backend_flush_after = 0",
  							  repltok);
  #endif
  
  #if 0
  /*
   * GPDB_12_MERGE_FIXME: the bgwriter section is missing from the sample
   * configuration used for this, should we keep that off the default config
   * or was it all an omission?
   */
  #if DEFAULT_BGWRITER_FLUSH_AFTER > 0
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "#bgwriter_flush_after = %dkB",
  			 DEFAULT_BGWRITER_FLUSH_AFTER * (BLCKSZ / 1024));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#bgwriter_flush_after = 0",
  							  repltok);
  #endif
  #endif
  
  #if DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_FLUSH_AFTER > 0
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "#checkpoint_flush_after = %dkB",
  			 DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_FLUSH_AFTER * (BLCKSZ / 1024));
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#checkpoint_flush_after = 0",
  							  repltok);
  #endif
  
  #ifndef USE_PREFETCH
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "#effective_io_concurrency = 1",
  							  "#effective_io_concurrency = 0");
  #endif
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "#update_process_title = on",
  							  "#update_process_title = off");
  #endif
  
  	snprintf(repltok, sizeof(repltok), "include = '%s'",
  			 GP_INTERNAL_AUTO_CONF_FILE_NAME);
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "#include = 'special.conf'", repltok);
  
  	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/postgresql.conf", pg_data);
  
  	writefile(path, conflines);
  	if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * create the automatic configuration file to store the configuration
  	 * parameters set by ALTER SYSTEM command. The parameters present in this
  	 * file will override the value of parameters that exists before parse of
  	 * this file.
  	 */
  	autoconflines[0] = pg_strdup("# Do not edit this file manually!\n");
  	autoconflines[1] = pg_strdup("# It will be overwritten by the ALTER SYSTEM command.\n");
  	autoconflines[2] = NULL;
  
  	sprintf(path, "%s/postgresql.auto.conf", pg_data);
  
  	writefile(path, autoconflines);
  	if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	free(conflines);
  
  
  	/* pg_hba.conf */
  
  	conflines = readfile(hba_file);
  
  #ifndef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
  	conflines = filter_lines_with_token(conflines, "@remove-line-for-nolocal@");
  #else
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines, "@remove-line-for-nolocal@", "");
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_IPV6
  
  	/*
  	 * Probe to see if there is really any platform support for IPv6, and
  	 * comment out the relevant pg_hba line if not.  This avoids runtime
  	 * warnings if getaddrinfo doesn't actually cope with IPv6.  Particularly
  	 * useful on Windows, where executables built on a machine with IPv6 may
  	 * have to run on a machine without.
  	 */
  	{
  		struct addrinfo *gai_result;
  		struct addrinfo hints;
  		int			err = 0;
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  		/* need to call WSAStartup before calling getaddrinfo */
  		WSADATA		wsaData;
  
  		err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
  #endif
  
  		/* for best results, this code should match parse_hba() */
  		hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
  		hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
  		hints.ai_socktype = 0;
  		hints.ai_protocol = 0;
  		hints.ai_addrlen = 0;
  		hints.ai_canonname = NULL;
  		hints.ai_addr = NULL;
  		hints.ai_next = NULL;
  
  		if (err != 0 ||
  			getaddrinfo("::1", NULL, &hints, &gai_result) != 0)
  			conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							   "host    all             all             ::1",
  							 "#host    all             all             ::1");
  		if (err != 0 ||
  			getaddrinfo("fe80::1", NULL, &hints, &gai_result) != 0)
  			conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							   "host    all             all             fe80::1",
  							 "#host    all             all             fe80::1");
  	}
  #else							/* !HAVE_IPV6 */
  	/* If we didn't compile IPV6 support at all, always comment it out */
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "host    all             all             ::1",
  							  "#host    all             all             ::1");
  #endif   /* HAVE_IPV6 */
  
  	/* Replace default authentication methods */
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "@authmethodhost@",
  							  authmethodhost);
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "@authmethodlocal@",
  							  authmethodlocal);
  
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "@authcomment@",
  							  (strcmp(authmethodlocal, "trust") == 0 || strcmp(authmethodhost, "trust") == 0) ? AUTHTRUST_WARNING : "");
  
  	/* Replace username for replication */
  	conflines = replace_token(conflines,
  							  "@default_username@",
  							  username);
  
  	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_hba.conf", pg_data);
  
  	writefile(path, conflines);
  	if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	free(conflines);
  
  	/* pg_ident.conf */
  
  	conflines = readfile(ident_file);
  
  	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_ident.conf", pg_data);
  
  	writefile(path, conflines);
  	if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": %s\n"),
  				progname, path, strerror(errno));
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	free(conflines);
  
  	check_ok();
  }
  
  
  /*
   * run the BKI script in bootstrap mode to create template1
   */
  static void
  bootstrap_template1(void)
  {
  	PG_CMD_DECL;
  	char	  **line;
  	char	   *talkargs = "";
  	char	  **bki_lines;
  	char		headerline[MAXPGPATH];
  	char		buf[64];
  
  	printf(_("running bootstrap script ... "));
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	if (debug)
  		talkargs = "-d 5";
  
  	bki_lines = readfile(bki_file);
  
  	/* Check that bki file appears to be of the right version */
  
  	snprintf(headerline, sizeof(headerline), "# PostgreSQL %s\n",
  			 PG_MAJORVERSION);
  
  	if (strcmp(headerline, *bki_lines) != 0)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				_("%s: input file \"%s\" does not belong to PostgreSQL %s\n"
  				  "Check your installation or specify the correct path "
  				  "using the option -L.\n"),
  				progname, bki_file, PG_VERSION);
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	/* Substitute for various symbols used in the BKI file */
  
  	sprintf(buf, "%d", NAMEDATALEN);
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "NAMEDATALEN", buf);
  
  	sprintf(buf, "%d", (int) sizeof(Pointer));
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "SIZEOF_POINTER", buf);
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "ALIGNOF_POINTER",
  							  (sizeof(Pointer) == 4) ? "i" : "d");
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "FLOAT4PASSBYVAL",
  							  FLOAT4PASSBYVAL ? "true" : "false");
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "FLOAT8PASSBYVAL",
  							  FLOAT8PASSBYVAL ? "true" : "false");
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "POSTGRES", escape_quotes(username));
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "ENCODING", encodingid);
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "LC_COLLATE", escape_quotes(lc_collate));
  
  	bki_lines = replace_token(bki_lines, "LC_CTYPE", escape_quotes(lc_ctype));
  
  	/*
  	 * Pass correct LC_xxx environment to bootstrap.
  	 *
  	 * The shell script arranged to restore the LC settings afterwards, but
  	 * there doesn't seem to be any compelling reason to do that.
  	 */
  	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "LC_COLLATE=%s", lc_collate);
  	putenv(pg_strdup(cmd));
  
  	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "LC_CTYPE=%s", lc_ctype);
  	putenv(pg_strdup(cmd));
  
  	unsetenv("LC_ALL");
  
  	/* Also ensure backend isn't confused by this environment var: */
  	unsetenv("PGCLIENTENCODING");
  
  	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
  			 "\"%s\" --boot -x1 %s %s %s",
  			 backend_exec,
  			 data_checksums ? "-k" : "",
  			 boot_options, talkargs);
  
  	PG_CMD_OPEN;
  
  	for (line = bki_lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  	{
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  		free(*line);
  	}
  
  	PG_CMD_CLOSE;
  
  	free(bki_lines);
  
  	check_ok();
  }
  
  /*
   * set up the shadow password table
   */
  static void
  setup_auth(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	const char *const * line;
  	static const char *const pg_authid_setup[] = {
  		/*
  		 * The authid table shouldn't be readable except through views, to
  		 * ensure passwords are not publicly visible.
  		 */
  		"REVOKE ALL on pg_authid FROM public;\n\n",
  		NULL
  	};
  
  	for (line = pg_authid_setup; *line != NULL; line++)
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  }
  
  /*
   * get the superuser password if required, and call postgres to set it
   */
  static void
  get_set_pwd(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	char	   *pwd1,
  			   *pwd2;
  
  	if (pwprompt)
  	{
  		/*
  		 * Read password from terminal
  		 */
  		pwd1 = simple_prompt("Enter new superuser password: ", 100, false);
  		pwd2 = simple_prompt("Enter it again: ", 100, false);
  		if (strcmp(pwd1, pwd2) != 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("Passwords didn't match.\n"));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  		free(pwd2);
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		/*
  		 * Read password from file
  		 *
  		 * Ideally this should insist that the file not be world-readable.
  		 * However, this option is mainly intended for use on Windows where
  		 * file permissions may not exist at all, so we'll skip the paranoia
  		 * for now.
  		 */
  		FILE	   *pwf = fopen(pwfilename, "r");
  		char		pwdbuf[MAXPGPATH];
  		int			i;
  
  		if (!pwf)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %s\n"),
  					progname, pwfilename, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  		if (!fgets(pwdbuf, sizeof(pwdbuf), pwf))
  		{
  			if (ferror(pwf))
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not read password from file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  						progname, pwfilename, strerror(errno));
  			else
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: password file \"%s\" is empty\n"),
  						progname, pwfilename);
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  		fclose(pwf);
  
  		i = strlen(pwdbuf);
  		while (i > 0 && (pwdbuf[i - 1] == '\r' || pwdbuf[i - 1] == '\n'))
  			pwdbuf[--i] = '\0';
  
  		pwd1 = pg_strdup(pwdbuf);
  
  	}
  
  	PG_CMD_PRINTF2("ALTER USER \"%s\" WITH PASSWORD E'%s';\n\n",
  				   username, escape_quotes(pwd1));
  
  	free(pwd1);
  }
  
  /*
   * set up pg_depend
   */
  static void
  setup_depend(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	const char *const * line;
  	static const char *const pg_depend_setup[] = {
  		/*
  		 * Make PIN entries in pg_depend for all objects made so far in the
  		 * tables that the dependency code handles.  This is overkill (the
  		 * system doesn't really depend on having every last weird datatype,
  		 * for instance) but generating only the minimum required set of
  		 * dependencies seems hard.
  		 *
  		 * Note that we deliberately do not pin the system views, which
  		 * haven't been created yet.  Also, no conversions, databases, or
  		 * tablespaces are pinned.
  		 *
  		 * First delete any already-made entries; PINs override all else, and
  		 * must be the only entries for their objects.
  		 */
  		"DELETE FROM pg_depend;\n\n",
  		"VACUUM pg_depend;\n\n",
  		"DELETE FROM pg_shdepend;\n\n",
  		"VACUUM pg_shdepend;\n\n",
  
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_class;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_proc;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_type;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_cast;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_constraint;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_attrdef;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_language;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_operator;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_opclass;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_opfamily;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_am;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_amop;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_amproc;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_rewrite;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_trigger;\n\n",
  
  		/*
  		 * restriction here to avoid pinning the public namespace
  		 */
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_namespace "
  		"    WHERE nspname ~ '^(pg_|gp_)';\n\n",
  
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_ts_parser;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_ts_dict;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_ts_template;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_ts_config;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_depend SELECT 0,0,0, tableoid,oid,0, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_collation;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_shdepend SELECT 0,0,0,0, tableoid,oid, 'p' "
  		" FROM pg_authid;\n\n",
  		NULL
  	};
  
  	for (line = pg_depend_setup; *line != NULL; line++)
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  }
  
  /*
   * set up system views
   */
  static void
  setup_sysviews(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	char	  **line;
  	char	  **sysviews_setup;
  
  	sysviews_setup = readfile(system_views_file);
  
  	for (line = sysviews_setup; *line != NULL; line++)
  	{
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  		free(*line);
  	}
  
  	free(sysviews_setup);
  }
  
  /*
   * load description data
   */
  static void
  setup_description(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp_pg_description ( "
  				"	objoid oid, "
  				"	classname name, "
  				"	objsubid int4, "
  				"	description text) WITHOUT OIDS;\n\n");
  
  	PG_CMD_PRINTF1("COPY tmp_pg_description FROM E'%s';\n\n",
  				   escape_quotes(desc_file));
  
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("INSERT INTO pg_description "
  				" SELECT t.objoid, c.oid, t.objsubid, t.description "
  				"  FROM tmp_pg_description t, pg_class c "
  				"    WHERE c.relname = t.classname;\n\n");
  
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp_pg_shdescription ( "
  				" objoid oid, "
  				" classname name, "
  				" description text) WITHOUT OIDS;\n\n");
  
  	PG_CMD_PRINTF1("COPY tmp_pg_shdescription FROM E'%s';\n\n",
  				   escape_quotes(shdesc_file));
  
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("INSERT INTO pg_shdescription "
  				" SELECT t.objoid, c.oid, t.description "
  				"  FROM tmp_pg_shdescription t, pg_class c "
  				"   WHERE c.relname = t.classname;\n\n");
  	/* Create default descriptions for operator implementation functions */
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("WITH funcdescs AS ( "
  				"SELECT p.oid as p_oid, oprname, "
  			  "coalesce(obj_description(o.oid, 'pg_operator'),'') as opdesc "
  				"FROM pg_proc p JOIN pg_operator o ON oprcode = p.oid ) "
  				"INSERT INTO pg_description "
  				"  SELECT p_oid, 'pg_proc'::regclass, 0, "
  				"    'implementation of ' || oprname || ' operator' "
  				"  FROM funcdescs "
  				"  WHERE opdesc NOT LIKE 'deprecated%' AND "
  				"  NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_description "
  		"    WHERE objoid = p_oid AND classoid = 'pg_proc'::regclass);\n\n");
  	/*
  	 * Even though the tables are temp, drop them explicitly so they don't get
  	 * copied into template0/postgres databases.
  	 */
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("DROP TABLE tmp_pg_description;\n\n");
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("DROP TABLE tmp_pg_shdescription;\n\n");
  }
  
  #if 0
  /*
   * populate pg_collation
   *
   * GPDB: Do not create collations at database initialization time. Instead,
   * the system administrator is expected to run pg_import_system_collations() on
   * every database that needs them. This ensures that collations are synchronized
   * on all segments.
   */
  static void
  setup_collation(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  #if defined(HAVE_LOCALE_T) && !defined(WIN32)
  	int			i;
  	FILE	   *locale_a_handle;
  	char		localebuf[NAMEDATALEN]; /* we assume ASCII so this is fine */
  	int			count = 0;
  
  	locale_a_handle = popen_check("locale -a", "r");
  	if (!locale_a_handle)
  		return;					/* complaint already printed */
  
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp_pg_collation ( "
  				"	collname name, "
  				"	locale name, "
  				"	encoding int) WITHOUT OIDS;\n\n");
  
  	while (fgets(localebuf, sizeof(localebuf), locale_a_handle))
  	{
  		size_t		len;
  		int			enc;
  		bool		skip;
  		char	   *quoted_locale;
  		char		alias[NAMEDATALEN];
  
  		len = strlen(localebuf);
  
  		if (len == 0 || localebuf[len - 1] != '\n')
  		{
  			if (debug)
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: locale name too long, skipped: \"%s\"\n"),
  						progname, localebuf);
  			continue;
  		}
  		localebuf[len - 1] = '\0';
  
  		/*
  		 * Some systems have locale names that don't consist entirely of ASCII
  		 * letters (such as "bokm&aring;l" or "fran&ccedil;ais").  This is
  		 * pretty silly, since we need the locale itself to interpret the
  		 * non-ASCII characters. We can't do much with those, so we filter
  		 * them out.
  		 */
  		skip = false;
  		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
  		{
  			if (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(localebuf[i]))
  			{
  				skip = true;
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  		if (skip)
  		{
  			if (debug)
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: locale name has non-ASCII characters, skipped: \"%s\"\n"),
  						progname, localebuf);
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		enc = pg_get_encoding_from_locale(localebuf, debug);
  		if (enc < 0)
  		{
  			/* error message printed by pg_get_encoding_from_locale() */
  			continue;
  		}
  		if (!PG_VALID_BE_ENCODING(enc))
  			continue;			/* ignore locales for client-only encodings */
  		if (enc == PG_SQL_ASCII)
  			continue;			/* C/POSIX are already in the catalog */
  
  		count++;
  
  		quoted_locale = escape_quotes(localebuf);
  
  		PG_CMD_PRINTF3("INSERT INTO tmp_pg_collation VALUES (E'%s', E'%s', %d);\n\n",
  					   quoted_locale, quoted_locale, enc);
  
  		/*
  		 * Generate aliases such as "en_US" in addition to "en_US.utf8" for
  		 * ease of use.  Note that collation names are unique per encoding
  		 * only, so this doesn't clash with "en_US" for LATIN1, say.
  		 */
  		if (normalize_locale_name(alias, localebuf))
  		{
  			char	   *quoted_alias = escape_quotes(alias);
  
  			PG_CMD_PRINTF3("INSERT INTO tmp_pg_collation VALUES (E'%s', E'%s', %d);\n\n",
  						   quoted_alias, quoted_locale, enc);
  			free(quoted_alias);
  		}
  		free(quoted_locale);
  	}
  
  	/* Add an SQL-standard name */
  	PG_CMD_PRINTF1("INSERT INTO tmp_pg_collation VALUES ('ucs_basic', 'C', %d);\n\n", PG_UTF8);
  
  	/*
  	 * When copying collations to the final location, eliminate aliases that
  	 * conflict with an existing locale name for the same encoding.  For
  	 * example, "br_FR.iso88591" is normalized to "br_FR", both for encoding
  	 * LATIN1.  But the unnormalized locale "br_FR" already exists for LATIN1.
  	 * Prefer the alias that matches the OS locale name, else the first locale
  	 * name by sort order (arbitrary choice to be deterministic).
  	 *
  	 * Also, eliminate any aliases that conflict with pg_collation's
  	 * hard-wired entries for "C" etc.
  	 */
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("INSERT INTO pg_collation (collname, collnamespace, collowner, collencoding, collcollate, collctype) "
  				" SELECT DISTINCT ON (collname, encoding)"
  				"   collname, "
  				"   (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = 'pg_catalog') AS collnamespace, "
  				"   (SELECT relowner FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_collation') AS collowner, "
  				"   encoding, locale, locale "
  				"  FROM tmp_pg_collation"
  				"  WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_collation WHERE collname = tmp_pg_collation.collname)"
  	 "  ORDER BY collname, encoding, (collname = locale) DESC, locale;\n\n");
  
  	/*
  	 * Even though the table is temp, drop it explicitly so it doesn't get
  	 * copied into template0/postgres databases.
  	 */
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("DROP TABLE tmp_pg_collation;\n\n");
  
  	pclose(locale_a_handle);
  
  	if (count == 0 && !debug)
  	{
  		printf(_("No usable system locales were found.\n"));
  		printf(_("Use the option \"--debug\" to see details.\n"));
  	}
  #endif   /* not HAVE_LOCALE_T  && not WIN32 */
  }
  #endif
  
  /*
   * load conversion functions
   */
  static void
  setup_conversion(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	char	  **line;
  	char	  **conv_lines;
  
  	conv_lines = readfile(conversion_file);
  	for (line = conv_lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  	{
  		if (strstr(*line, "DROP CONVERSION") != *line)
  			PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  		free(*line);
  	}
  
  	free(conv_lines);
  }
  
  /*
   * load extra dictionaries (Snowball stemmers)
   */
  static void
  setup_dictionary(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	char	  **line;
  	char	  **conv_lines;
  
  	conv_lines = readfile(dictionary_file);
  	for (line = conv_lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  	{
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  		free(*line);
  	}
  
  	free(conv_lines);
  }
  
  /*
   * Set up privileges
   *
   * We mark most system catalogs as world-readable.  We don't currently have
   * to touch functions, languages, or databases, because their default
   * permissions are OK.
   *
   * Some objects may require different permissions by default, so we
   * make sure we don't overwrite privilege sets that have already been
   * set (NOT NULL).
   *
   * Also populate pg_init_privs to save what the privileges are at init
   * time.  This is used by pg_dump to allow users to change privileges
   * on catalog objects and to have those privilege changes preserved
   * across dump/reload and pg_upgrade.
   *
   * Note that pg_init_privs is only for per-database objects and therefore
   * we don't include databases or tablespaces.
   */
  static void
  setup_privileges(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	char	  **line;
  	char	  **priv_lines;
  	static char *privileges_setup[] = {
  		"UPDATE pg_class "
  		"  SET relacl = (SELECT array_agg(a.acl) FROM "
  		" (SELECT E'=r/\"$POSTGRES_SUPERUSERNAME\"' as acl "
  		"  UNION SELECT unnest(pg_catalog.acldefault("
  		"    CASE WHEN relkind = 'S' THEN 's' ELSE 'r' END::\"char\",10::oid))"
  		" ) as a) "
  		"  WHERE relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'm', 'S') AND relacl IS NULL;\n\n",
  		"GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_catalog TO PUBLIC;\n\n",
  		"GRANT CREATE, USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO PUBLIC;\n\n",
  		"REVOKE ALL ON pg_largeobject FROM PUBLIC;\n\n",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_class'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        relacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_class"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        relacl IS NOT NULL"
  		"        AND relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'm', 'S');",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        pg_class.oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_class'),"
  		"        pg_attribute.attnum,"
  		"        pg_attribute.attacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_class"
  		"        JOIN pg_attribute ON (pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid)"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        pg_attribute.attacl IS NOT NULL"
  		"        AND pg_class.relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'm', 'S');",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_proc'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        proacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_proc"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        proacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_type'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        typacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_type"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        typacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_language'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        lanacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_language"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        lanacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE "
  		"		  relname = 'pg_largeobject_metadata'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        lomacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_largeobject_metadata"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        lomacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_namespace'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        nspacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_namespace"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        nspacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE "
  		"		  relname = 'pg_foreign_data_wrapper'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        fdwacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_foreign_data_wrapper"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        fdwacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		"INSERT INTO pg_init_privs "
  		"  (objoid, classoid, objsubid, initprivs, privtype)"
  		"    SELECT"
  		"        oid,"
  		"        (SELECT oid FROM pg_class "
  		"		  WHERE relname = 'pg_foreign_server'),"
  		"        0,"
  		"        srvacl,"
  		"        'i'"
  		"    FROM"
  		"        pg_foreign_server"
  		"    WHERE"
  		"        srvacl IS NOT NULL;",
  		NULL
  	};
  
  	priv_lines = replace_token(privileges_setup, "$POSTGRES_SUPERUSERNAME",
  							   escape_quotes(username));
  	for (line = priv_lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  }
  
  /*
   * extract the strange version of version required for information schema
   * (09.08.0007abc)
   */
  static void
  set_info_version(void)
  {
  	char	   *letterversion;
  	long		major = 0,
  				minor = 0,
  				micro = 0;
  	char	   *endptr;
  	char	   *vstr = pg_strdup(PG_VERSION);
  	char	   *ptr;
  
  	ptr = vstr + (strlen(vstr) - 1);
  	while (ptr != vstr && (*ptr < '0' || *ptr > '9'))
  		ptr--;
  	letterversion = ptr + 1;
  	major = strtol(vstr, &endptr, 10);
  	if (*endptr)
  		minor = strtol(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
  	if (*endptr)
  		micro = strtol(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
  	snprintf(infoversion, sizeof(infoversion), "%02ld.%02ld.%04ld%s",
  			 major, minor, micro, letterversion);
  }
  
  /*
   * load info schema and populate from features file
   */
  static void
  setup_schema(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	char	  **line;
  	char	  **lines;
  
  	lines = readfile(info_schema_file);
  
  	for (line = lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  	{
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  		free(*line);
  	}
  
  	free(lines);
  
  	PG_CMD_PRINTF1("UPDATE information_schema.sql_implementation_info "
  				   "  SET character_value = '%s' "
  				   "  WHERE implementation_info_name = 'DBMS VERSION';\n\n",
  				   infoversion);
  
  	PG_CMD_PRINTF1("COPY information_schema.sql_features "
  				   "  (feature_id, feature_name, sub_feature_id, "
  				   "  sub_feature_name, is_supported, comments) "
  				   " FROM E'%s';\n\n",
  				   escape_quotes(features_file));
  }
  
  static int
  cmpstringp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
  {
  	return strcmp(* (char * const *) p1, * (char * const *) p2);
  }
  
  /*
   * Load GPDB additions to the schema.
   *
   * These are contained in directory "cdb_init.d". We load all .sql files
   * from that directory, in alphabetical order. This modular design allows
   * extensions to put their install scripts under cdb_init.d, and have them
   * automatically installed directly in the template databases of every new
   * cluster.
   */
  static void
  setup_cdb_schema(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	DIR		   *dir;
  	struct dirent *file;
  	int			nscripts;
  	char	  **scriptnames = NULL;
  	int			i;
  
  	dir = opendir(cdb_init_d_dir);
  
  	if (!dir)
  	{
  		printf(_("could not open cdb_init.d directory: %s\n"),
  			   strerror(errno));
  		fflush(stdout);
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	/* Collect all files with .sql suffix in array. */
  	nscripts = 0;
  	while ((file = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
  	{
  		int			namelen = strlen(file->d_name);
  
  		if (namelen > 4 &&
  			strcmp(".sql", file->d_name + namelen - 4) == 0)
  		{
  			scriptnames = pg_realloc(scriptnames,
  									 sizeof(char *) * (nscripts + 1));
  			scriptnames[nscripts++] = pg_strdup(file->d_name);
  		}
  	}
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  	/*
  	 * This fix is in mingw cvs (runtime/mingwex/dirent.c rev 1.4), but not in
  	 * released version
  	 */
  	if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
  		errno = 0;
  #endif
  
  	closedir(dir);
  
  	if (errno != 0)
  	{
  		/* some kind of I/O error? */
  		printf(_("error while reading cdb_init.d directory: %s\n"),
  			   strerror(errno));
  		fflush(stdout);
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Sort the array. This allows simple dependencies between scripts, by
  	 * naming them like "01_before.sql" and "02_after.sql"
  	 */
  	if (nscripts > 0)
  	{
  		qsort(scriptnames, nscripts, sizeof(char *), cmpstringp);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Now execute each script.
  	 */
  	for (i = 0; i < nscripts; i++)
  	{
  		char	  **line;
  		char	  **lines;
  		char	   *path;
  		size_t	    len;
  
  		len = strlen(share_path) + strlen("cdb_init.d") + strlen(scriptnames[i]) + 3;
  		path = pg_malloc(len);
  		snprintf(path, len, "%s/cdb_init.d/%s", share_path, scriptnames[i]);
  
  		lines = readfile(path);
  
  		/* Reset any GUCs that the previous script might have created. Notably, search_path */
  		PG_CMD_PUTS("RESET ALL;\n");
  
  		for (line = lines; *line != NULL; line++)
  		{
  			PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  			free(*line);
  		}
  
  		free(lines);
  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * load PL/pgsql server-side language
   */
  static void
  load_plpgsql(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("CREATE EXTENSION plpgsql;\n\n");
  }
  
  /*
   * clean everything up in template1
   */
  static void
  vacuum_db(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	/* Run analyze before VACUUM so the statistics are frozen. */
  	PG_CMD_PUTS("ANALYZE;\n\nVACUUM FREEZE;\n\n");
  }
  
  /*
   * copy template1 to template0
   */
  static void
  make_template0(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	const char *const * line;
  	static const char *const template0_setup[] = {
  		"CREATE DATABASE template0 IS_TEMPLATE = true ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = false;\n\n",
  
  		/*
  		 * We use the OID of template0 to determine lastsysoid
  		 */
  		"UPDATE pg_database SET datlastsysoid = "
  		"    (SELECT oid FROM pg_database "
  		"    WHERE datname = 'template0');\n\n",
  
  		/*
  		 * Explicitly revoke public create-schema and create-temp-table
  		 * privileges in template1 and template0; else the latter would be on
  		 * by default
  		 */
  		"REVOKE CREATE,TEMPORARY ON DATABASE template1 FROM public;\n\n",
  		"REVOKE CREATE,TEMPORARY ON DATABASE template0 FROM public;\n\n",
  
  		"COMMENT ON DATABASE template0 IS 'unmodifiable empty database';\n\n",
  
  		/*
  		 * Finally vacuum to clean up dead rows in pg_database
  		 */
  		"VACUUM pg_database;\n\n",
  		NULL
  	};
  
  	for (line = template0_setup; *line; line++)
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  }
  
  /*
   * copy template1 to postgres
   */
  static void
  make_postgres(FILE *cmdfd)
  {
  	const char *const * line;
  	static const char *const postgres_setup[] = {
  		"CREATE DATABASE postgres;\n\n",
  		"COMMENT ON DATABASE postgres IS 'default administrative connection database';\n\n",
  		/*
  		 * Make 'postgres' a template database
  		 */
  		"UPDATE pg_database SET "
  		"	datistemplate = 't' "
  		"    WHERE datname = 'postgres';\n\n",
  		/*
  		 * Clean out dead rows in pg_database
  		 */
  		"VACUUM FULL pg_database;\n\n",
  		NULL
  	};
  
  	for (line = postgres_setup; *line; line++)
  		PG_CMD_PUTS(*line);
  }
  
  /*
   * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
   *
   * We fsync regular files and directories wherever they are, but we
   * follow symlinks only for pg_xlog and immediately under pg_tblspc.
   * Other symlinks are presumed to point at files we're not responsible
   * for fsyncing, and might not have privileges to write at all.
   *
   * Errors are reported but not considered fatal.
   */
  static void
  fsync_pgdata(void)
  {
  	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
  	char		pg_xlog[MAXPGPATH];
  	char		pg_tblspc[MAXPGPATH];
  
  	fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	snprintf(pg_xlog, MAXPGPATH, "%s/pg_xlog", pg_data);
  	snprintf(pg_tblspc, MAXPGPATH, "%s/pg_tblspc", pg_data);
  
  	/*
  	 * If pg_xlog is a symlink, we'll need to recurse into it separately,
  	 * because the first walkdir below will ignore it.
  	 */
  	xlog_is_symlink = false;
  
  #ifndef WIN32
  	{
  		struct stat st;
  
  		if (lstat(pg_xlog, &st) < 0)
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not stat file \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, pg_xlog, strerror(errno));
  		else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
  			xlog_is_symlink = true;
  	}
  #else
  	if (pgwin32_is_junction(pg_xlog))
  		xlog_is_symlink = true;
  #endif
  
  	/*
  	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
  	 * directory and its contents.
  	 */
  #ifdef PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS
  	walkdir(pg_data, pre_sync_fname, false);
  	if (xlog_is_symlink)
  		walkdir(pg_xlog, pre_sync_fname, false);
  	walkdir(pg_tblspc, pre_sync_fname, true);
  #endif
  
  	/*
  	 * Now we do the fsync()s in the same order.
  	 *
  	 * The main call ignores symlinks, so in addition to specially processing
  	 * pg_xlog if it's a symlink, pg_tblspc has to be visited separately with
  	 * process_symlinks = true.  Note that if there are any plain directories
  	 * in pg_tblspc, they'll get fsync'd twice.  That's not an expected case
  	 * so we don't worry about optimizing it.
  	 */
  	walkdir(pg_data, fsync_fname_ext, false);
  	if (xlog_is_symlink)
  		walkdir(pg_xlog, fsync_fname_ext, false);
  	walkdir(pg_tblspc, fsync_fname_ext, true);
  
  	check_ok();
  }
  
  
  /*
   * signal handler in case we are interrupted.
   *
   * The Windows runtime docs at
   * http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/vclib/html/_crt_signal.asp
   * specifically forbid a number of things being done from a signal handler,
   * including IO, memory allocation and system calls, and only allow jmpbuf
   * if you are handling SIGFPE.
   *
   * I avoided doing the forbidden things by setting a flag instead of calling
   * exit_nicely() directly.
   *
   * Also note the behaviour of Windows with SIGINT, which says this:
   *	 Note	SIGINT is not supported for any Win32 application, including
   *	 Windows 98/Me and Windows NT/2000/XP. When a CTRL+C interrupt occurs,
   *	 Win32 operating systems generate a new thread to specifically handle
   *	 that interrupt. This can cause a single-thread application such as UNIX,
   *	 to become multithreaded, resulting in unexpected behavior.
   *
   * I have no idea how to handle this. (Strange they call UNIX an application!)
   * So this will need some testing on Windows.
   */
  static void
  trapsig(int signum)
  {
  	/* handle systems that reset the handler, like Windows (grr) */
  	pqsignal(signum, trapsig);
  	caught_signal = true;
  }
  
  /*
   * call exit_nicely() if we got a signal, or else output "ok".
   */
  static void
  check_ok(void)
  {
  	if (caught_signal)
  	{
  		printf(_("caught signal\n"));
  		fflush(stdout);
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	else if (output_failed)
  	{
  		printf(_("could not write to child process: %s\n"),
  			   strerror(output_errno));
  		fflush(stdout);
  		exit_nicely();
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		/* all seems well */
  		printf(_("ok\n"));
  		fflush(stdout);
  	}
  }
  
  /* Hack to suppress a warning about %x from some versions of gcc */
  static inline size_t
  my_strftime(char *s, size_t max, const char *fmt, const struct tm * tm)
  {
  	return strftime(s, max, fmt, tm);
  }
  
  /*
   * Determine likely date order from locale
   */
  static int
  locale_date_order(const char *locale)
  {
  	struct tm	testtime;
  	char		buf[128];
  	char	   *posD;
  	char	   *posM;
  	char	   *posY;
  	char	   *save;
  	size_t		res;
  	int			result;
  
  	result = DATEORDER_MDY;		/* default */
  
  	save = setlocale(LC_TIME, NULL);
  	if (!save)
  		return result;
  	save = pg_strdup(save);
  
  	setlocale(LC_TIME, locale);
  
  	memset(&testtime, 0, sizeof(testtime));
  	testtime.tm_mday = 22;
  	testtime.tm_mon = 10;		/* November, should come out as "11" */
  	testtime.tm_year = 133;		/* 2033 */
  
  	res = my_strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%x", &testtime);
  
  	setlocale(LC_TIME, save);
  	free(save);
  
  	if (res == 0)
  		return result;
  
  	posM = strstr(buf, "11");
  	posD = strstr(buf, "22");
  	posY = strstr(buf, "33");
  
  	if (!posM || !posD || !posY)
  		return result;
  
  	if (posY < posM && posM < posD)
  		result = DATEORDER_YMD;
  	else if (posD < posM)
  		result = DATEORDER_DMY;
  	else
  		result = DATEORDER_MDY;
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  /*
   * Verify that locale name is valid for the locale category.
   *
   * If successful, and canonname isn't NULL, a malloc'd copy of the locale's
   * canonical name is stored there.  This is especially useful for figuring out
   * what locale name "" means (ie, the environment value).  (Actually,
   * it seems that on most implementations that's the only thing it's good for;
   * we could wish that setlocale gave back a canonically spelled version of
   * the locale name, but typically it doesn't.)
   *
   * this should match the backend's check_locale() function
   */
  static void
  check_locale_name(int category, const char *locale, char **canonname)
  {
  	char	   *save;
  	char	   *res;
  
  	if (canonname)
  		*canonname = NULL;		/* in case of failure */
  
  	save = setlocale(category, NULL);
  	if (!save)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: setlocale() failed\n"),
  				progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  
  	/* save may be pointing at a modifiable scratch variable, so copy it. */
  	save = pg_strdup(save);
  
  	/* set the locale with setlocale, to see if it accepts it. */
  	res = setlocale(category, locale);
  
  	/* save canonical name if requested. */
  	if (res && canonname)
  		*canonname = pg_strdup(res);
  
  	/* restore old value. */
  	if (!setlocale(category, save))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: failed to restore old locale \"%s\"\n"),
  				progname, save);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  	free(save);
  
  	/* complain if locale wasn't valid */
  	if (res == NULL)
  	{
  		if (*locale)
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: invalid locale name \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, locale);
  		else
  		{
  			/*
  			 * If no relevant switch was given on command line, locale is an
  			 * empty string, which is not too helpful to report.  Presumably
  			 * setlocale() found something it did not like in the environment.
  			 * Ideally we'd report the bad environment variable, but since
  			 * setlocale's behavior is implementation-specific, it's hard to
  			 * be sure what it didn't like.  Print a safe generic message.
  			 */
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: invalid locale settings; check LANG and LC_* environment variables\n"),
  					progname);
  		}
  		exit(1);
  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * check if the chosen encoding matches the encoding required by the locale
   *
   * this should match the similar check in the backend createdb() function
   */
  static bool
  check_locale_encoding(const char *locale, int user_enc)
  {
  	int			locale_enc;
  
  	locale_enc = pg_get_encoding_from_locale(locale, true);
  
  	/* See notes in createdb() to understand these tests */
  	if (!(locale_enc == user_enc ||
  		  locale_enc == PG_SQL_ASCII ||
  		  locale_enc == -1 ||
  #ifdef WIN32
  		  user_enc == PG_UTF8 ||
  #endif
  		  user_enc == PG_SQL_ASCII))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: encoding mismatch\n"), progname);
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				_("The encoding you selected (%s) and the encoding that the\n"
  			  "selected locale uses (%s) do not match.  This would lead to\n"
  			"misbehavior in various character string processing functions.\n"
  			   "Rerun %s and either do not specify an encoding explicitly,\n"
  				  "or choose a matching combination.\n"),
  				pg_encoding_to_char(user_enc),
  				pg_encoding_to_char(locale_enc),
  				progname);
  		return false;
  	}
  	return true;
  }
  
  /*
   * set up the locale variables
   *
   * assumes we have called setlocale(LC_ALL, "") -- see set_pglocale_pgservice
   */
  static void
  setlocales(void)
  {
  	char	   *canonname;
  
  	/* set empty lc_* values to locale config if set */
  
  	if (strlen(locale) > 0)
  	{
  		if (strlen(lc_ctype) == 0)
  			lc_ctype = locale;
  		if (strlen(lc_collate) == 0)
  			lc_collate = locale;
  		if (strlen(lc_numeric) == 0)
  			lc_numeric = locale;
  		if (strlen(lc_time) == 0)
  			lc_time = locale;
  		if (strlen(lc_monetary) == 0)
  			lc_monetary = locale;
  		if (strlen(lc_messages) == 0)
  			lc_messages = locale;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * canonicalize locale names, and obtain any missing values from our
  	 * current environment
  	 */
  
  	check_locale_name(LC_CTYPE, lc_ctype, &canonname);
  	lc_ctype = canonname;
  	check_locale_name(LC_COLLATE, lc_collate, &canonname);
  	lc_collate = canonname;
  	check_locale_name(LC_NUMERIC, lc_numeric, &canonname);
  	lc_numeric = canonname;
  	check_locale_name(LC_TIME, lc_time, &canonname);
  	lc_time = canonname;
  	check_locale_name(LC_MONETARY, lc_monetary, &canonname);
  	lc_monetary = canonname;
  #if defined(LC_MESSAGES) && !defined(WIN32)
  	check_locale_name(LC_MESSAGES, lc_messages, &canonname);
  	lc_messages = canonname;
  #else
  	/* when LC_MESSAGES is not available, use the LC_CTYPE setting */
  	check_locale_name(LC_CTYPE, lc_messages, &canonname);
  	lc_messages = canonname;
  #endif
  }
  
  /*
   * Try to parse value as an integer.  The accepted formats are the
   * usual decimal, octal, or hexadecimal formats.
   */
  static long
  parse_long(const char *value, bool blckszUnit, const char *optname)
  {
      long    val;
      char   *endptr;
      double  m;
  
      errno = 0;
      val = strtol(value, &endptr, 0);
  
      if (errno ||
          endptr == value)
          goto err;
  
      if (blckszUnit && endptr[0])
      {
          switch (endptr[0])
          {
              case 'k':
              case 'K':
                  m = 1024;
                  break;
  
              case 'm':
              case 'M':
                  m = 1024*1024;
                  break;
  
              case 'g':
              case 'G':
                  m = 1024*1024*1024;
                  break;
  
              default:
                  goto err;
          }
  
          if (endptr[1] != 'b' &&
              endptr[1] != 'B')
              goto err;
  
          endptr += 2;
          val = (long)(m * val / BLCKSZ);
  	}
  
      /* error if extra trailing chars */
      if (endptr[0])
          goto err;
  
      return val;
  
  err:
      if (blckszUnit)
          fprintf(stderr, _("%s: '%s=%s' invalid; requires an integer value, "
                            "optionally followed by kB/MB/GB suffix\n"),
                  progname, optname, value);
      else
          fprintf(stderr, _("%s: '%s=%s' invalid; requires an integer value\n"),
                  progname, optname, value);
      exit_nicely();
      return 0;                   /* not reached */
  }                               /* parse_long */
  
  /*
   * print help text
   */
  static void
  usage(const char *progname)
  {
  	printf(_("%s initializes a PostgreSQL database cluster.\n\n"), progname);
  	printf(_("Usage:\n"));
  	printf(_("  %s [OPTION]... [DATADIR]\n"), progname);
  	printf(_("\nOptions:\n"));
  	printf(_("  -A, --auth=METHOD         default authentication method for local connections\n"));
  	printf(_("      --auth-host=METHOD    default authentication method for local TCP/IP connections\n"));
  	printf(_("      --auth-local=METHOD   default authentication method for local-socket connections\n"));
  	printf(_(" [-D, --pgdata=]DATADIR     location for this database cluster\n"));
  	printf(_("  -E, --encoding=ENCODING   set default encoding for new databases\n"));
  	printf(_("      --locale=LOCALE       set default locale for new databases\n"));
  	printf(_("      --lc-collate=, --lc-ctype=, --lc-messages=LOCALE\n"
  			 "      --lc-monetary=, --lc-numeric=, --lc-time=LOCALE\n"
  			 "                            set default locale in the respective category for\n"
  			 "                            new databases (default taken from environment)\n"));
  	printf(_("      --no-locale           equivalent to --locale=C\n"));
  	printf(_("      --pwfile=FILE         read password for the new superuser from file\n"));
  	printf(_("  -T, --text-search-config=CFG\n"
  		 "                            default text search configuration\n"));
  	printf(_("  -U, --username=NAME       database superuser name\n"));
  	printf(_("  -W, --pwprompt            prompt for a password for the new superuser\n"));
  	printf(_("  -X, --xlogdir=XLOGDIR     location for the transaction log directory\n"));
  	printf(_("\nShared memory allocation:\n"));
  	printf(_("  --max_connections=MAX-CONNECT  maximum number of allowed connections\n"));
  	printf(_("  --shared_buffers=NBUFFERS number of shared buffers; or, amount of memory for\n"
  			 "                            shared buffers if kB/MB/GB suffix is appended\n"));
  	printf(_("\nLess commonly used options:\n"));
  	printf(_("  -d, --debug               generate lots of debugging output\n"));
  	printf(_("  -k, --data-checksums      use data page checksums\n"));
  	printf(_("  -L DIRECTORY              where to find the input files\n"));
  	printf(_("  -n, --noclean             do not clean up after errors\n"));
  	printf(_("  -N, --nosync              do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
  	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
  	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync data directory\n"));
  	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
  	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
  	printf(_("      --gp-version          output Greenplum version information, then exit\n"));
  	printf(_("  -?, --help                show this help, then exit\n"));
  	printf(_("\nIf the data directory is not specified, the environment variable PGDATA\n"
  			 "is used.\n"));
  	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <bugs@greenplum.org>.\n"));
  }
  
  static void
  check_authmethod_unspecified(const char **authmethod)
  {
  	if (*authmethod == NULL || strlen(*authmethod) == 0)
  	{
  		authwarning = _("\nWARNING: enabling \"trust\" authentication for local connections\n"
  						"You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or\n"
  			"--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.\n");
  		*authmethod = "trust";
  	}
  }
  
  static void
  check_authmethod_valid(const char *authmethod, const char *const * valid_methods, const char *conntype)
  {
  	const char *const * p;
  
  	for (p = valid_methods; *p; p++)
  	{
  		if (strcmp(authmethod, *p) == 0)
  			return;
  		/* with space = param */
  		if (strchr(authmethod, ' '))
  			if (strncmp(authmethod, *p, (authmethod - strchr(authmethod, ' '))) == 0)
  				return;
  	}
  
  	fprintf(stderr, _("%s: invalid authentication method \"%s\" for \"%s\" connections\n"),
  			progname, authmethod, conntype);
  	exit(1);
  }
  
  static void
  check_need_password(const char *authmethodlocal, const char *authmethodhost)
  {
  	if ((strcmp(authmethodlocal, "md5") == 0 ||
  		 strcmp(authmethodlocal, "password") == 0) &&
  		(strcmp(authmethodhost, "md5") == 0 ||
  		 strcmp(authmethodhost, "password") == 0) &&
  		!(pwprompt || pwfilename))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: must specify a password for the superuser to enable %s authentication\n"), progname,
  				(strcmp(authmethodlocal, "md5") == 0 ||
  				 strcmp(authmethodlocal, "password") == 0)
  				? authmethodlocal
  				: authmethodhost);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  }
  
  
  void
  setup_pgdata(void)
  {
  	char	   *pgdata_get_env,
  			   *pgdata_set_env;
  
  	if (strlen(pg_data) == 0)
  	{
  		pgdata_get_env = getenv("PGDATA");
  		if (pgdata_get_env && strlen(pgdata_get_env))
  		{
  			/* PGDATA found */
  			pg_data = pg_strdup(pgdata_get_env);
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("%s: no data directory specified\n"
  					  "You must identify the directory where the data for this database system\n"
  					  "will reside.  Do this with either the invocation option -D or the\n"
  					  "environment variable PGDATA.\n"),
  					progname);
  			exit(1);
  		}
  	}
  
  	pgdata_native = pg_strdup(pg_data);
  	canonicalize_path(pg_data);
  
  	/*
  	 * we have to set PGDATA for postgres rather than pass it on the command
  	 * line to avoid dumb quoting problems on Windows, and we would especially
  	 * need quotes otherwise on Windows because paths there are most likely to
  	 * have embedded spaces.
  	 */
  	pgdata_set_env = psprintf("PGDATA=%s", pg_data);
  	putenv(pgdata_set_env);
  }
  
  
  void
  setup_bin_paths(const char *argv0)
  {
  	int			ret;
  
  	if ((ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PG_BACKEND_VERSIONSTR,
  							   backend_exec)) < 0)
  	{
  		char		full_path[MAXPGPATH];
  
  		if (find_my_exec(argv0, full_path) < 0)
  			strlcpy(full_path, progname, sizeof(full_path));
  
  		if (ret == -1)
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("The program \"postgres\" is needed by %s "
  					  "but was not found in the\n"
  					  "same directory as \"%s\".\n"
  					  "Check your installation.\n"),
  					progname, full_path);
  		else
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("The program \"postgres\" was found by \"%s\"\n"
  					  "but was not the same version as %s.\n"
  					  "Check your installation.\n"),
  					full_path, progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  
  	/* store binary directory */
  	strcpy(bin_path, backend_exec);
  	*last_dir_separator(bin_path) = '\0';
  	canonicalize_path(bin_path);
  
  	if (!share_path)
  	{
  		share_path = pg_malloc(MAXPGPATH);
  		get_share_path(backend_exec, share_path);
  	}
  	else if (!is_absolute_path(share_path))
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: input file location must be an absolute path\n"), progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  
  	canonicalize_path(share_path);
  }
  
  void
  setup_locale_encoding(void)
  {
  	int			user_enc;
  
  	setlocales();
  
  	if (strcmp(lc_ctype, lc_collate) == 0 &&
  		strcmp(lc_ctype, lc_time) == 0 &&
  		strcmp(lc_ctype, lc_numeric) == 0 &&
  		strcmp(lc_ctype, lc_monetary) == 0 &&
  		strcmp(lc_ctype, lc_messages) == 0)
  		printf(_("The database cluster will be initialized with locale \"%s\".\n"), lc_ctype);
  	else
  	{
  		printf(_("The database cluster will be initialized with locales\n"
  				 "  COLLATE:  %s\n"
  				 "  CTYPE:    %s\n"
  				 "  MESSAGES: %s\n"
  				 "  MONETARY: %s\n"
  				 "  NUMERIC:  %s\n"
  				 "  TIME:     %s\n"),
  			   lc_collate,
  			   lc_ctype,
  			   lc_messages,
  			   lc_monetary,
  			   lc_numeric,
  			   lc_time);
  	}
  
  	if (strlen(encoding) == 0)
  	{
  		int			ctype_enc;
  
  		ctype_enc = pg_get_encoding_from_locale(lc_ctype, true);
  
  		if (ctype_enc == -1)
  		{
  			/* Couldn't recognize the locale's codeset */
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not find suitable encoding for locale \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, lc_ctype);
  			fprintf(stderr, _("Rerun %s with the -E option.\n"), progname);
  			fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
  					progname);
  			exit(1);
  		}
  		else if (!pg_valid_server_encoding_id(ctype_enc))
  		{
  			/*
  			 * We recognized it, but it's not a legal server encoding. On
  			 * Windows, UTF-8 works with any locale, so we can fall back to
  			 * UTF-8.
  			 */
  #ifdef WIN32
  			printf(_("Encoding \"%s\" implied by locale is not allowed as a server-side encoding.\n"
  			"The default database encoding will be set to \"%s\" instead.\n"),
  				   pg_encoding_to_char(ctype_enc),
  				   pg_encoding_to_char(PG_UTF8));
  			ctype_enc = PG_UTF8;
  			encodingid = encodingid_to_string(ctype_enc);
  #else
  			fprintf(stderr,
  			   _("%s: locale \"%s\" requires unsupported encoding \"%s\"\n"),
  					progname, lc_ctype, pg_encoding_to_char(ctype_enc));
  			fprintf(stderr,
  			  _("Encoding \"%s\" is not allowed as a server-side encoding.\n"
  				"Rerun %s with a different locale selection.\n"),
  					pg_encoding_to_char(ctype_enc), progname);
  			exit(1);
  #endif
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			encodingid = encodingid_to_string(ctype_enc);
  			printf(_("The default database encoding has accordingly been set to \"%s\".\n"),
  				   pg_encoding_to_char(ctype_enc));
  		}
  	}
  	else
  		encodingid = get_encoding_id(encoding);
  
  	user_enc = atoi(encodingid);
  	if (!check_locale_encoding(lc_ctype, user_enc) ||
  		!check_locale_encoding(lc_collate, user_enc))
  		exit(1);				/* check_locale_encoding printed the error */
  
  }
  
  
  void
  setup_data_file_paths(void)
  {
  	set_input(&bki_file, "postgres.bki");
  	set_input(&desc_file, "postgres.description");
  	set_input(&shdesc_file, "postgres.shdescription");
  	set_input(&hba_file, "pg_hba.conf.sample");
  	set_input(&ident_file, "pg_ident.conf.sample");
  	set_input(&conf_file, "postgresql.conf.sample");
  	set_input(&conversion_file, "conversion_create.sql");
  	set_input(&dictionary_file, "snowball_create.sql");
  	set_input(&info_schema_file, "information_schema.sql");
  	set_input(&features_file, "sql_features.txt");
  	set_input(&system_views_file, "system_views.sql");
  
  	set_input(&cdb_init_d_dir, "cdb_init.d");
  
  	if (show_setting || debug)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				"VERSION=%s\n"
  				"PGDATA=%s\nshare_path=%s\nPGPATH=%s\n"
  				"POSTGRES_SUPERUSERNAME=%s\nPOSTGRES_BKI=%s\n"
  				"POSTGRES_DESCR=%s\nPOSTGRES_SHDESCR=%s\n"
  				"POSTGRESQL_CONF_SAMPLE=%s\n"
  				"PG_HBA_SAMPLE=%s\nPG_IDENT_SAMPLE=%s\n",
  				PG_VERSION,
  				pg_data, share_path, bin_path,
  				username, bki_file,
  				desc_file, shdesc_file,
  				conf_file,
  				hba_file, ident_file);
  		if (show_setting)
  			exit(0);
  	}
  
  	check_input(bki_file);
  	check_input(desc_file);
  	check_input(shdesc_file);
  	check_input(hba_file);
  	check_input(ident_file);
  	check_input(conf_file);
  	check_input(conversion_file);
  	check_input(dictionary_file);
  	check_input(info_schema_file);
  	check_input(features_file);
  	check_input(system_views_file);
  }
  
  
  void
  setup_text_search(void)
  {
  	if (strlen(default_text_search_config) == 0)
  	{
  		default_text_search_config = find_matching_ts_config(lc_ctype);
  		if (default_text_search_config == NULL)
  		{
  			printf(_("%s: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale \"%s\"\n"),
  				   progname, lc_ctype);
  			default_text_search_config = "simple";
  		}
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		const char *checkmatch = find_matching_ts_config(lc_ctype);
  
  		if (checkmatch == NULL)
  		{
  			printf(_("%s: warning: suitable text search configuration for locale \"%s\" is unknown\n"),
  				   progname, lc_ctype);
  		}
  		else if (strcmp(checkmatch, default_text_search_config) != 0)
  		{
  			printf(_("%s: warning: specified text search configuration \"%s\" might not match locale \"%s\"\n"),
  				   progname, default_text_search_config, lc_ctype);
  		}
  	}
  
  	printf(_("The default text search configuration will be set to \"%s\".\n"),
  		   default_text_search_config);
  
  }
  
  
  void
  setup_signals(void)
  {
  	/* some of these are not valid on Windows */
  #ifdef SIGHUP
  	pqsignal(SIGHUP, trapsig);
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGINT
  	pqsignal(SIGINT, trapsig);
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGQUIT
  	pqsignal(SIGQUIT, trapsig);
  #endif
  #ifdef SIGTERM
  	pqsignal(SIGTERM, trapsig);
  #endif
  
  	/* Ignore SIGPIPE when writing to backend, so we can clean up */
  #ifdef SIGPIPE
  	pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
  #endif
  
  	/* Prevent SIGSYS so we can probe for kernel calls that might not work */
  #ifdef SIGSYS
  	pqsignal(SIGSYS, SIG_IGN);
  #endif
  }
  
  
  void
  create_data_directory(void)
  {
  	int			ret;
  
  	switch ((ret = pg_check_dir(pg_data)))
  	{
  		case 0:
  			/* PGDATA not there, must create it */
  			printf(_("creating directory %s ... "),
  				   pg_data);
  			fflush(stdout);
  
  			if (pg_mkdir_p(pg_data, S_IRWXU) != 0)
  			{
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  						progname, pg_data, strerror(errno));
  				exit_nicely();
  			}
  			else
  				check_ok();
  
  			made_new_pgdata = true;
  			break;
  
  		case 1:
  			/* Present but empty, fix permissions and use it */
  			printf(_("fixing permissions on existing directory %s ... "),
  				   pg_data);
  			fflush(stdout);
  
  			if (chmod(pg_data, S_IRWXU) != 0)
  			{
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  						progname, pg_data, strerror(errno));
  				exit_nicely();
  			}
  			else
  				check_ok();
  
  			found_existing_pgdata = true;
  			break;
  
  		case 2:
  		case 3:
  		case 4:
  			/* Present and not empty */
  			fprintf(stderr,
  					_("%s: directory \"%s\" exists but is not empty\n"),
  					progname, pg_data);
  			if (ret != 4)
  				warn_on_mount_point(ret);
  			else
  				fprintf(stderr,
  						_("If you want to create a new database system, either remove or empty\n"
  						  "the directory \"%s\" or run %s\n"
  						  "with an argument other than \"%s\".\n"),
  						pg_data, progname, pg_data);
  			exit(1);			/* no further message needed */
  
  		default:
  			/* Trouble accessing directory */
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not access directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, pg_data, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  	}
  }
  
  
  /* Create transaction log directory, and symlink if required */
  void
  create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
  {
  	char	   *subdirloc;
  
  	/* form name of the place for the subdirectory or symlink */
  	subdirloc = psprintf("%s/pg_xlog", pg_data);
  
  	if (strcmp(xlog_dir, "") != 0)
  	{
  		int			ret;
  
  		/* clean up xlog directory name, check it's absolute */
  		canonicalize_path(xlog_dir);
  		if (!is_absolute_path(xlog_dir))
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: transaction log directory location must be an absolute path\n"), progname);
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  
  		/* check if the specified xlog directory exists/is empty */
  		switch ((ret = pg_check_dir(xlog_dir)))
  		{
  			case 0:
  				/* xlog directory not there, must create it */
  				printf(_("creating directory %s ... "),
  					   xlog_dir);
  				fflush(stdout);
  
  				if (pg_mkdir_p(xlog_dir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
  				{
  					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  							progname, xlog_dir, strerror(errno));
  					exit_nicely();
  				}
  				else
  					check_ok();
  
  				made_new_xlogdir = true;
  				break;
  
  			case 1:
  				/* Present but empty, fix permissions and use it */
  				printf(_("fixing permissions on existing directory %s ... "),
  					   xlog_dir);
  				fflush(stdout);
  
  				if (chmod(xlog_dir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
  				{
  					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  							progname, xlog_dir, strerror(errno));
  					exit_nicely();
  				}
  				else
  					check_ok();
  
  				found_existing_xlogdir = true;
  				break;
  
  			case 2:
  			case 3:
  			case 4:
  				/* Present and not empty */
  				fprintf(stderr,
  						_("%s: directory \"%s\" exists but is not empty\n"),
  						progname, xlog_dir);
  				if (ret != 4)
  					warn_on_mount_point(ret);
  				else
  					fprintf(stderr,
  							_("If you want to store the transaction log there, either\n"
  							  "remove or empty the directory \"%s\".\n"),
  							xlog_dir);
  				exit(1);
  
  			default:
  				/* Trouble accessing directory */
  				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not access directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  						progname, xlog_dir, strerror(errno));
  				exit_nicely();
  		}
  
  #ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK
  		if (symlink(xlog_dir, subdirloc) != 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create symbolic link \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, subdirloc, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  #else
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: symlinks are not supported on this platform\n"), progname);
  		exit_nicely();
  #endif
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		/* Without -X option, just make the subdirectory normally */
  		if (mkdir(subdirloc, S_IRWXU) < 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, subdirloc, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(subdirloc);
  }
  
  
  void
  warn_on_mount_point(int error)
  {
  	if (error == 2)
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				_("It contains a dot-prefixed/invisible file, perhaps due to it being a mount point.\n"));
  	else if (error == 3)
  		fprintf(stderr,
  				_("It contains a lost+found directory, perhaps due to it being a mount point.\n"));
  
  	fprintf(stderr,
  			_("Using a mount point directly as the data directory is not recommended.\n"
  			  "Create a subdirectory under the mount point.\n"));
  }
  
  
  void
  initialize_data_directory(void)
  {
  	PG_CMD_DECL;
  	int			i;
  
  	setup_signals();
  
  	umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
  
  	create_data_directory();
  
  	create_xlog_or_symlink();
  
  	/* Create required subdirectories (other than pg_xlog) */
  	printf(_("creating subdirectories ... "));
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < lengthof(subdirs); i++)
  	{
  		char	   *path;
  
  		path = psprintf("%s/%s", pg_data, subdirs[i]);
  
  		/*
  		 * The parent directory already exists, so we only need mkdir() not
  		 * pg_mkdir_p() here, which avoids some failure modes; cf bug #13853.
  		 */
  		if (mkdir(path, S_IRWXU) < 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, path, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  
  		free(path);
  	}
  
  	check_ok();
  
  	/* Top level PG_VERSION is checked by bootstrapper, so make it first */
  	write_version_file(NULL);
  
  	/* Select suitable configuration settings */
  	set_null_conf("postgresql.conf");
  	set_null_conf(GP_INTERNAL_AUTO_CONF_FILE_NAME);
  	test_config_settings();
  
  	/* Now create all the text config files */
  	setup_config();
  
  	/* Bootstrap template1 */
  	bootstrap_template1();
  
  	/*
  	 * Make the per-database PG_VERSION for template1 only after init'ing it
  	 */
  	write_version_file("base/1");
  
  	/*
  	 * Create the stuff we don't need to use bootstrap mode for, using a
  	 * backend running in simple standalone mode.
  	 */
  	fputs(_("performing post-bootstrap initialization ... "), stdout);
  	fflush(stdout);
  
  	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
  			 "\"%s\" %s template1 >%s",
  			 backend_exec, backend_options,
  			 DEVNULL);
  
  	PG_CMD_OPEN;
  
  	setup_auth(cmdfd);
  	if (pwprompt || pwfilename)
  		get_set_pwd(cmdfd);
  
  	setup_depend(cmdfd);
  
  	setup_sysviews(cmdfd);
  
  	setup_description(cmdfd);
  
  #if 0
  		setup_collation(cmdfd);
  #endif
  
  	setup_conversion(cmdfd);
  
  	setup_dictionary(cmdfd);
  
  	setup_privileges(cmdfd);
  
  	setup_schema(cmdfd);
  
  	load_plpgsql(cmdfd);
  
  	/* sets up the Greenplum Database admin schema */
  	setup_cdb_schema(cmdfd);
  
  	vacuum_db(cmdfd);
  
  	make_template0(cmdfd);
  
  	make_postgres(cmdfd);
  
  	PG_CMD_CLOSE;
  
  	check_ok();
  }
  
  
  int
  main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	static struct option long_options[] = {
  		{"pgdata", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
  		{"encoding", required_argument, NULL, 'E'},
  		{"locale", required_argument, NULL, 1},
  		{"lc-collate", required_argument, NULL, 2},
  		{"lc-ctype", required_argument, NULL, 3},
  		{"lc-monetary", required_argument, NULL, 4},
  		{"lc-numeric", required_argument, NULL, 5},
  		{"lc-time", required_argument, NULL, 6},
  		{"lc-messages", required_argument, NULL, 7},
  		{"no-locale", no_argument, NULL, 8},
  		{"text-search-config", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
  		{"auth", required_argument, NULL, 'A'},
  		{"auth-local", required_argument, NULL, 10},
  		{"auth-host", required_argument, NULL, 11},
  		{"pwprompt", no_argument, NULL, 'W'},
  		{"pwfile", required_argument, NULL, 9},
  		{"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
  		{"help", no_argument, NULL, '?'},
  		{"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
  		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
  		{"show", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
  		{"noclean", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
  		{"nosync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
  		{"sync-only", no_argument, NULL, 'S'},
  		{"xlogdir", required_argument, NULL, 'X'},
  		{"data-checksums", no_argument, NULL, 'k'},
          {"max_connections", required_argument, NULL, 1001},     /*CDB*/
          {"shared_buffers", required_argument, NULL, 1003},      /*CDB*/
  		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
  	};
  
  	/*
  	 * options with no short version return a low integer, the rest return
  	 * their short version value
  	 */
  	int			c;
  	char	   *effective_user;
  	char		bin_dir[MAXPGPATH];
  
  	/*
  	 * Ensure that buffering behavior of stdout and stderr matches what it is
  	 * in interactive usage (at least on most platforms).  This prevents
  	 * unexpected output ordering when, eg, output is redirected to a file.
  	 * POSIX says we must do this before any other usage of these files.
  	 */
  	setvbuf(stdout, NULL, PG_IOLBF, 0);
  	setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
  
  	progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
  	set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("initdb"));
  
  	if (argc > 1)
  	{
  		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
  		{
  			usage(progname);
  			exit(0);
  		}
  		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
  		{
  			puts("initdb (Greenplum Database) " PG_VERSION);
  			exit(0);
  		}
  		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--gp-version") == 0)
  		{
  			puts("initdb (Greenplum Database) " GP_VERSION);
  			exit(0);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* process command-line options */
  
  	while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "dD:E:kL:nNU:WA:sST:X:", long_options, NULL)) != -1)
  	{
  		switch (c)
  		{
  			case 'A':
  				authmethodlocal = authmethodhost = pg_strdup(optarg);
  
  				/*
  				 * When ident is specified, use peer for local connections.
  				 * Mirrored, when peer is specified, use ident for TCP/IP
  				 * connections.
  				 */
  				if (strcmp(authmethodhost, "ident") == 0)
  					authmethodlocal = "peer";
  				else if (strcmp(authmethodlocal, "peer") == 0)
  					authmethodhost = "ident";
  				break;
  			case 10:
  				authmethodlocal = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 11:
  				authmethodhost = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 'D':
  				pg_data = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 'E':
  				encoding = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 'W':
  				pwprompt = true;
  				break;
  			case 'U':
  				username = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 'd':
  				debug = true;
  				printf(_("Running in debug mode.\n"));
  				break;
  			case 'n':
  				noclean = true;
  				printf(_("Running in noclean mode.  Mistakes will not be cleaned up.\n"));
  				break;
  			case 'N':
  				do_sync = false;
  				break;
  			case 'S':
  				sync_only = true;
  				break;
  			case 'k':
  				data_checksums = true;
  				break;
  			case 'L':
  				share_path = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 1:
  				locale = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 2:
  				lc_collate = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 3:
  				lc_ctype = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 4:
  				lc_monetary = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 5:
  				lc_numeric = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 6:
  				lc_time = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 7:
  				lc_messages = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 8:
  				locale = "C";
  				break;
  			case 9:
  				pwfilename = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 's':
  				show_setting = true;
  				break;
  			case 'T':
  				default_text_search_config = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 'X':
  				xlog_dir = pg_strdup(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 1001:
  				n_connections = parse_long(optarg, false, "max_connection");
  				break;
  			case 1003:
  				n_buffers = parse_long(optarg, true, "shared_buffers");
  				break;
  			default:
  				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
  				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
  						progname);
  				exit(1);
  		}
  	}
  
  
  	/*
  	 * Non-option argument specifies data directory as long as it wasn't
  	 * already specified with -D / --pgdata
  	 */
  	if (optind < argc && strlen(pg_data) == 0)
  	{
  		pg_data = pg_strdup(argv[optind]);
  		optind++;
  	}
  
  	if (optind < argc)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")\n"),
  				progname, argv[optind]);
  		fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
  				progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  
  	/* If we only need to fsync, just do it and exit */
  	if (sync_only)
  	{
  		setup_pgdata();
  
  		/* must check that directory is readable */
  		if (pg_check_dir(pg_data) <= 0)
  		{
  			fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not access directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
  					progname, pg_data, strerror(errno));
  			exit_nicely();
  		}
  
  		fsync_pgdata();
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	if (pwprompt && pwfilename)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: password prompt and password file cannot be specified together\n"), progname);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  
  	check_authmethod_unspecified(&authmethodlocal);
  	check_authmethod_unspecified(&authmethodhost);
  
  	check_authmethod_valid(authmethodlocal, auth_methods_local, "local");
  	check_authmethod_valid(authmethodhost, auth_methods_host, "host");
  
  	check_need_password(authmethodlocal, authmethodhost);
  
  	get_restricted_token(progname);
  
  	setup_pgdata();
  
  	setup_bin_paths(argv[0]);
  
  	effective_user = get_id();
  	if (strlen(username) == 0)
  		username = effective_user;
  
  	if (strncmp(username, "pg_", 3) == 0)
  	{
  		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: superuser name \"%s\" is disallowed; role names cannot begin with \"pg_\"\n"), progname, username);
  		exit(1);
  	}
  
  	printf(_("The files belonging to this database system will be owned "
  			 "by user \"%s\".\n"
  			 "This user must also own the server process.\n\n"),
  		   effective_user);
  
  	set_info_version();
  
  	setup_data_file_paths();
  
  	setup_locale_encoding();
  
  	setup_text_search();
  
  	printf("\n");
  
  	if (data_checksums)
  		printf(_("Data page checksums are enabled.\n"));
  	else
  		printf(_("Data page checksums are disabled.\n"));
  
  	printf("\n");
  
  	initialize_data_directory();
  
  	if (do_sync)
  		fsync_pgdata();
  	else
  		printf(_("\nSync to disk skipped.\nThe data directory might become corrupt if the operating system crashes.\n"));
  
  	if (authwarning != NULL)
  		fprintf(stderr, "%s", authwarning);
  
  	/* Get directory specification used to start this executable */
  	strlcpy(bin_dir, argv[0], sizeof(bin_dir));
  	get_parent_directory(bin_dir);
  
  	printf(_("\nSuccess. You can now start the database server using:\n\n"
  			 "    %s%s%spg_ctl%s -D %s%s%s -l logfile start\n\n"),
  	   QUOTE_PATH, bin_dir, (strlen(bin_dir) > 0) ? DIR_SEP : "", QUOTE_PATH,
  		   QUOTE_PATH, pgdata_native, QUOTE_PATH);
  
  	return 0;
  }
  