text: /* ================================================================ */
  /*
  File:   ConvertUTF.C
  Author: Mark E. Davis
  Copyright (C) 1994 Taligent, Inc. All rights reserved.
  
  This code is copyrighted. Under the copyright laws, this code may not
  be copied, in whole or part, without prior written consent of Taligent. 
  
  Taligent grants the right to use or reprint this code as long as this
  ENTIRE copyright notice is reproduced in the code or reproduction.
  The code is provided AS-IS, AND TALIGENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
  EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED
  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN
  NO EVENT WILL TALIGENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING,
  WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS
  INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR OTHER PECUNIARY
  LOSS) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS CODE, EVEN
  IF TALIGENT HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
  BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF
  LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE
  LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
  
  RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the
  government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
  (c)(l)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software
  clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19.
  
  This code may be protected by one or more U.S. and International
  Patents.
  
  TRADEMARKS: Taligent and the Taligent Design Mark are registered
  trademarks of Taligent, Inc.
  */
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  #include "Core/API.h"
  #include "Core/Unicode.h"
  
  #ifdef COMPILER_MSVC
  #pragma warning(disable: 4244)
  #endif
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  static const int halfShift             = 10;
  static const UCS4 halfBase             = 0x0010000UL;
  static const UCS4 halfMask             = 0x3FFUL;
  static const UCS4 kSurrogateHighStart  = 0xD800UL;
  static const UCS4 kSurrogateHighEnd    = 0xDBFFUL;
  static const UCS4 kSurrogateLowStart   = 0xDC00UL;
  static const UCS4 kSurrogateLowEnd     = 0xDFFFUL;
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  UnicodeConversionResult::Enum
  ConvertUCS4toUTF16(UCS4** sourceStart, const UCS4* sourceEnd, 
                     UTF16** targetStart, const UTF16* targetEnd)
  {
    UnicodeConversionResult::Enum result = UnicodeConversionResult::OK;
    register UCS4* source = *sourceStart;
    register UTF16* target = *targetStart;
    while (source < sourceEnd) {
      register UCS4 ch;
      if (target >= targetEnd) {
        result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
      };
      ch = *source++;
      if (ch <= kMaximumUCS2) {
        *target++ = ch;
      } else if (ch > kMaximumUTF16) {
        *target++ = kReplacementCharacter;
      } else {
        if (target + 1 >= targetEnd) {
          result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
        };
        ch -= halfBase;
        *target++ = (ch >> halfShift) + kSurrogateHighStart;
        *target++ = (ch & halfMask) + kSurrogateLowStart;
      };
    };
    *sourceStart = source;
    *targetStart = target;
    return result;
  };
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  UnicodeConversionResult::Enum ConvertUTF16toUCS4(UTF16** sourceStart, UTF16* sourceEnd, 
                                      UCS4** targetStart, const UCS4* targetEnd)
  {
    UnicodeConversionResult::Enum result = UnicodeConversionResult::OK;
    register UTF16* source = *sourceStart;
    register UCS4* target = *targetStart;
    while (source < sourceEnd) {
      register UCS4 ch;
      ch = *source++;
      if (ch >= kSurrogateHighStart &&
          ch <= kSurrogateHighEnd &&
          source < sourceEnd) {
        register UCS4 ch2 = *source;
        if (ch2 >= kSurrogateLowStart && ch2 <= kSurrogateLowEnd) {
          ch = ((ch - kSurrogateHighStart) << halfShift)
            + (ch2 - kSurrogateLowStart) + halfBase;
          ++source;
        };
      };
      if (target >= targetEnd) {
        result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
      };
      *target++ = ch;
    };
    *sourceStart = source;
    *targetStart = target;
    return result;
  };
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  static UCS4 offsetsFromUTF8[6] = {
    0x00000000UL, 0x00003080UL, 0x000E2080UL, 
    0x03C82080UL, 0xFA082080UL, 0x82082080UL
  };
  static char bytesFromUTF8[256] = {
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5
  };
  
  static UTF8 firstByteMark[7] = {0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC};
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  /*      This code is similar in effect to making successive calls on the
  mbtowc and wctomb routines in FSS-UTF. However, it is considerably
  different in code:
  * it is adapted to be consistent with UTF16,
  * the interface converts a whole buffer to avoid function-call overhead
  * constants have been gathered.
  * loops & conditionals have been removed as much as possible for
  efficiency, in favor of drop-through switch statements.
  */
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  int NSConvertUTF16toUTF8(unichar             **sourceStart,
                           const unichar       *sourceEnd, 
                           unsigned char       **targetStart,
                           const unsigned char *targetEnd)
  {
    UnicodeConversionResult::Enum result = UnicodeConversionResult::OK;
    register UTF16* source = *sourceStart;
    register UTF8* target = *targetStart;
    while (source < sourceEnd) {
      register UCS4 ch;
      register unsigned short bytesToWrite = 0;
      register const UCS4 byteMask = 0xBF;
      register const UCS4 byteMark = 0x80; 
      ch = *source++;
      if (ch >= kSurrogateHighStart && ch <= kSurrogateHighEnd
          && source < sourceEnd) {
        register UCS4 ch2 = *source;
        if (ch2 >= kSurrogateLowStart && ch2 <= kSurrogateLowEnd) {
          ch = ((ch - kSurrogateHighStart) << halfShift)
            + (ch2 - kSurrogateLowStart) + halfBase;
          ++source;
        };
      };
      if (ch < 0x80) {                    bytesToWrite = 1;
      } else if (ch < 0x800) {            bytesToWrite = 2;
      } else if (ch < 0x10000) {          bytesToWrite = 3;
      } else if (ch < 0x200000) {         bytesToWrite = 4;
      } else if (ch < 0x4000000) {        bytesToWrite = 5;
      } else if (ch <= kMaximumUCS4){     bytesToWrite = 6;
      } else {                                            bytesToWrite = 2;
      ch = kReplacementCharacter;
      }; /* I wish there were a smart way to avoid this conditional */
                  
      target += bytesToWrite;
      if (target > targetEnd) {
        target -= bytesToWrite; result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
      };
      switch (bytesToWrite) {     /* note: code falls through cases! */
        case 6:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 5:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 4:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 3:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 2:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 1:   *--target =  ch | firstByteMark[bytesToWrite];
      };
      target += bytesToWrite;
    };
    *sourceStart = source;
    *targetStart = target;
  
    return result;
  };
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  int NSConvertUTF8toUTF16(unsigned char **sourceStart, unsigned char *sourceEnd, 
                           unichar **targetStart, const unichar *targetEnd)
  {
    UnicodeConversionResult::Enum result = UnicodeConversionResult::OK;
    register UTF8  *source = *sourceStart;
    register UTF16 *target = *targetStart;
    
    while (source < sourceEnd) {
      register UCS4 ch = 0;
      register unsigned short extraBytesToWrite = bytesFromUTF8[*source];
  
      if (source + extraBytesToWrite > sourceEnd) {
        result = UnicodeConversionResult::SourceExhausted; break;
      };
      switch(extraBytesToWrite) { /* note: code falls through cases! */
        case 5:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 4:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 3:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 2:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 1:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 0:   ch += *source++;
      };
      ch -= offsetsFromUTF8[extraBytesToWrite];
      
      if (target >= targetEnd) {
        result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
      };
      if (ch <= kMaximumUCS2) {
        *target++ = ch;
      } else if (ch > kMaximumUTF16) {
        *target++ = kReplacementCharacter;
      } else {
        if (target + 1 >= targetEnd) {
          result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
        };
        ch -= halfBase;
        *target++ = (ch >> halfShift) + kSurrogateHighStart;
        *target++ = (ch & halfMask) + kSurrogateLowStart;
      };
    };
    *sourceStart = source;
    *targetStart = target;
    
    return result;
  };
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  UnicodeConversionResult::Enum ConvertUCS4toUTF8 ( UCS4** sourceStart, const UCS4* sourceEnd, 
                                       UTF8** targetStart, const UTF8* targetEnd)
  {
    UnicodeConversionResult::Enum result = UnicodeConversionResult::OK;
    register UCS4* source = *sourceStart;
    register UTF8* target = *targetStart;
    while (source < sourceEnd) {
      register UCS4 ch;
      register unsigned short bytesToWrite = 0;
      register const UCS4 byteMask = 0xBF;
      register const UCS4 byteMark = 0x80; 
      ch = *source++;
      if (ch >= kSurrogateHighStart && ch <= kSurrogateHighEnd
          && source < sourceEnd) {
        register UCS4 ch2 = *source;
        if (ch2 >= kSurrogateLowStart && ch2 <= kSurrogateLowEnd) {
          ch = ((ch - kSurrogateHighStart) << halfShift)
            + (ch2 - kSurrogateLowStart) + halfBase;
          ++source;
        };
      };
      if (ch < 0x80) {                            bytesToWrite = 1;
      } else if (ch < 0x800) {            bytesToWrite = 2;
      } else if (ch < 0x10000) {          bytesToWrite = 3;
      } else if (ch < 0x200000) {         bytesToWrite = 4;
      } else if (ch < 0x4000000) {        bytesToWrite = 5;
      } else if (ch <= kMaximumUCS4){     bytesToWrite = 6;
      } else {                                            bytesToWrite = 2;
      ch = kReplacementCharacter;
      }; /* I wish there were a smart way to avoid this conditional */
                  
      target += bytesToWrite;
      if (target > targetEnd) {
        target -= bytesToWrite; result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
      };
      switch (bytesToWrite) {     /* note: code falls through cases! */
        case 6:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 5:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 4:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 3:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 2:   *--target = (ch | byteMark) & byteMask; ch >>= 6;
        case 1:   *--target =  ch | firstByteMark[bytesToWrite];
      };
      target += bytesToWrite;
    };
    *sourceStart = source;
    *targetStart = target;
    return result;
  };
  
  /* ================================================================ */
  
  UnicodeConversionResult::Enum ConvertUTF8toUCS4 (UTF8** sourceStart, UTF8* sourceEnd, 
                                      UCS4** targetStart, const UCS4* targetEnd)
  {
    UnicodeConversionResult::Enum result = UnicodeConversionResult::OK;
    register UTF8* source = *sourceStart;
    register UCS4* target = *targetStart;
    while (source < sourceEnd) {
      register UCS4 ch = 0;
      register unsigned short extraBytesToWrite = bytesFromUTF8[*source];
      if (source + extraBytesToWrite > sourceEnd) {
        result = UnicodeConversionResult::SourceExhausted; break;
      };
      switch(extraBytesToWrite) { /* note: code falls through cases! */
        case 5:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 4:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 3:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 2:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 1:   ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
        case 0:   ch += *source++;
      };
      ch -= offsetsFromUTF8[extraBytesToWrite];
  
      if (target >= targetEnd) {
        result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
      };
      if (ch <= kMaximumUCS2) {
        *target++ = ch;
      } else if (ch > kMaximumUCS4) {
        *target++ = kReplacementCharacter;
      } else {
        if (target + 1 >= targetEnd) {
          result = UnicodeConversionResult::TargetExhausted; break;
        };
        ch -= halfBase;
        *target++ = (ch >> halfShift) + kSurrogateHighStart;
        *target++ = (ch & halfMask) + kSurrogateLowStart;
      };
    };
    *sourceStart = source;
    *targetStart = target;
    return result;
  };
  