text: /*
   * Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Marco Peereboom <marco@peereboom.us>
   * Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Ryan McBride <mcbride@countersiege.com>
   * Copyright (c) 2009 Darrin Chandler <dwchandler@stilyagin.com>
   * Copyright (c) 2009 Pierre-Yves Ritschard <pyr@spootnik.org>
   * Copyright (c) 2010 Tuukka Kataja <stuge@xor.fi>
   * Copyright (c) 2011 Jason L. Wright <jason@thought.net>
   * Copyright (c) 2011-2020 Reginald Kennedy <rk@rejii.com>
   * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Lawrence Teo <lteo@lteo.net>
   * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Tiago Cunha <tcunha@gmx.com>
   * Copyright (c) 2012-2015 David Hill <dhill@mindcry.org>
   * Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Yuri D'Elia <yuri.delia@eurac.edu>
   *
   * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
   * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
   * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
   *
   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
   * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
   * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
   * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
   * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
   * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
   */
  
  /* kernel includes */
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <sys/time.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <sys/wait.h>
  #ifdef __OSX__
  #include "queue.h"
  #else
  #include <sys/queue.h>
  #endif
  #include <sys/param.h>
  #include <sys/select.h>
  #if defined(__linux__)
  #include "tree.h"
  #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
  #include <sys/tree.h>
  #elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
  #include <sys/tree.h>
  #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
  #include <sys/tree.h>
  #else
  #include "tree.h"
  #endif
  
  /* /usr/includes */
  #include <ctype.h>
  #include <err.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <poll.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <locale.h>
  #include <paths.h>
  #if !defined(__OpenBSD__)
  #include "pledge.h"
  #endif
  #include <pwd.h>
  #include <regex.h>
  #include <signal.h>
  #include <stdbool.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <time.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <util.h>
  #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  #include <X11/extensions/Xrandr.h>
  #include <X11/Xcursor/Xcursor.h>
  #include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
  #include <X11/Xlib-xcb.h>
  #include <xcb/xcb.h>
  #include <xcb/xcb_atom.h>
  #include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
  #include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
  #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
  #include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
  #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
  #include <xcb/xinput.h>
  #define SWM_XCB_HAS_XINPUT
  #endif
  #include <xcb/xtest.h>
  #include <xcb/randr.h>
  
  /* local includes */
  #include "version.h"
  #ifdef __OSX__
  #include <osx.h>
  #endif
  
  #ifdef SPECTRWM_BUILDSTR
  static const char	*buildstr = SPECTRWM_BUILDSTR;
  #else
  static const char	*buildstr = SPECTRWM_VERSION;
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(__CYGWIN__) /* cygwin chokes on randr stuff */
  #  if RANDR_MAJOR < 1
  #    error RandR versions less than 1.0 are not supported
  #endif
  
  #  if RANDR_MAJOR >= 1
  #    if RANDR_MINOR >= 2
  #      define SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC
  #    endif
  #  endif
  #endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
  
  #ifndef XCB_ICCCM_NUM_WM_HINTS_ELEMENTS
  #define XCB_ICCCM_SIZE_HINT_P_MIN_SIZE		XCB_SIZE_HINT_P_MIN_SIZE
  #define XCB_ICCCM_SIZE_HINT_P_MAX_SIZE		XCB_SIZE_HINT_P_MAX_SIZE
  #define XCB_ICCCM_SIZE_HINT_P_RESIZE_INC	XCB_SIZE_HINT_P_RESIZE_INC
  #define XCB_ICCCM_WM_HINT_INPUT			XCB_WM_HINT_INPUT
  #define XCB_ICCCM_WM_HINT_X_URGENCY		XCB_WM_HINT_X_URGENCY
  #define XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC		XCB_WM_STATE_ICONIC
  #define XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN		XCB_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN
  #define XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL		XCB_WM_STATE_NORMAL
  #define xcb_icccm_get_text_property_reply_t	xcb_get_text_property_reply_t
  #define xcb_icccm_get_text_property_reply_wipe	xcb_get_text_property_reply_wipe
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_class			xcb_get_wm_class
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_class_reply		xcb_get_wm_class_reply
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_class_reply_t		xcb_get_wm_class_reply_t
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_class_reply_wipe	xcb_get_wm_class_reply_wipe
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints			xcb_get_wm_hints
  #define xcb_icccm_wm_hints_get_urgency		xcb_wm_hints_get_urgency
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints_reply		xcb_get_wm_hints_reply
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_name			xcb_get_wm_name
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_name_reply		xcb_get_wm_name_reply
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_normal_hints		xcb_get_wm_normal_hints
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_normal_hints_reply	xcb_get_wm_normal_hints_reply
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols		xcb_get_wm_protocols
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply	xcb_get_wm_protocols_reply
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply_t	xcb_get_wm_protocols_reply_t
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply_wipe	xcb_get_wm_protocols_reply_wipe
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for		xcb_get_wm_transient_for
  #define xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply	xcb_get_wm_transient_for_reply
  #define xcb_icccm_wm_hints_t			xcb_wm_hints_t
  #endif
  
  /*#define SWM_DEBUG*/
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  #define DPRINTF(x...) do {							\
  	if (swm_debug)								\
  		fprintf(stderr, x);						\
  } while (0)
  #define DNPRINTF(n, fmt, args...) do {						\
  	if (swm_debug & n) 							\
  		fprintf(stderr, "%ld %s: " fmt,					\
  		    (long)(time(NULL) - time_started), __func__, ## args);	\
  } while (0)
  #define SWM_D_MISC		0x0001
  #define SWM_D_EVENT		0x0002
  #define SWM_D_WS		0x0004
  #define SWM_D_FOCUS		0x0008
  #define SWM_D_MOVE		0x0010
  #define SWM_D_STACK		0x0020
  #define SWM_D_MOUSE		0x0040
  #define SWM_D_PROP		0x0080
  #define SWM_D_CLASS		0x0100
  #define SWM_D_KEY		0x0200
  #define SWM_D_QUIRK		0x0400
  #define SWM_D_SPAWN		0x0800
  #define SWM_D_EVENTQ		0x1000
  #define SWM_D_CONF		0x2000
  #define SWM_D_BAR		0x4000
  #define SWM_D_INIT		0x8000
  
  uint32_t		swm_debug = 0
  			    | SWM_D_MISC
  			    | SWM_D_EVENT
  			    | SWM_D_WS
  			    | SWM_D_FOCUS
  			    | SWM_D_MOVE
  			    | SWM_D_STACK
  			    | SWM_D_MOUSE
  			    | SWM_D_PROP
  			    | SWM_D_CLASS
  			    | SWM_D_KEY
  			    | SWM_D_QUIRK
  			    | SWM_D_SPAWN
  			    | SWM_D_EVENTQ
  			    | SWM_D_CONF
  			    | SWM_D_BAR
  			    | SWM_D_INIT
  			    ;
  #else
  #define DPRINTF(x...)
  #define DNPRINTF(n,x...)
  #endif
  
  #define ALLOCSTR(s, x...) do {							\
  	if (s && asprintf(s, x) == -1)						\
  		err(1, "asprintf");						\
  } while (0)
  
  #define SWM_EWMH_ACTION_COUNT_MAX	(8)
  #define EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN		(0x001)
  #define EWMH_F_ABOVE			(0x002)
  #define EWMH_F_HIDDEN			(0x004)
  #define EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED_VERT		(0x008)
  #define EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED_HORZ		(0x010)
  #define EWMH_F_SKIP_PAGER		(0x020)
  #define EWMH_F_SKIP_TASKBAR		(0x040)
  #define SWM_F_MANUAL			(0x080)
  
  #define EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED	(EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED_VERT | EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED_HORZ)
  
  /* convert 8-bit to 16-bit */
  #define RGB_8_TO_16(col)	(((col) << 8) + (col))
  
  #define PIXEL_TO_XRENDERCOLOR(px, xrc)					\
  	xrc.red = RGB_8_TO_16((px) >> 16 & 0xff);			\
  	xrc.green = RGB_8_TO_16((px) >> 8 & 0xff);			\
  	xrc.blue = RGB_8_TO_16((px) & 0xff);				\
  	xrc.alpha = 0xffff;
  
  #define LENGTH(x)		(int)(sizeof (x) / sizeof (x)[0])
  #define MODKEY			XCB_MOD_MASK_1
  #define ANYMOD			XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY
  #define CLEANMASK(mask)		((mask) & (XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_SHIFT |	\
      XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_CONTROL | XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_1 |			\
      XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_2 | XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_3 |			\
      XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_4 | XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_5) & ~(numlockmask))
  #define BUTTONMASK		(XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS |		\
      XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE)
  #define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK|XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION)
  #define SWM_PROPLEN		(16)
  #define SWM_FUNCNAME_LEN	(32)
  #define SWM_QUIRK_LEN		(64)
  #define X(r)			((r)->g.x)
  #define Y(r)			((r)->g.y)
  #define WIDTH(r)		((r)->g.w)
  #define HEIGHT(r)		((r)->g.h)
  #define MAX_X(r)		((r)->g.x + (r)->g.w)
  #define MAX_Y(r)		((r)->g.y + (r)->g.h)
  #define SH_MIN(w)		((w)->sh.flags & XCB_ICCCM_SIZE_HINT_P_MIN_SIZE)
  #define SH_MIN_W(w)		((w)->sh.min_width)
  #define SH_MIN_H(w)		((w)->sh.min_height)
  #define SH_MAX(w)		((w)->sh.flags & XCB_ICCCM_SIZE_HINT_P_MAX_SIZE)
  #define SH_MAX_W(w)		((w)->sh.max_width)
  #define SH_MAX_H(w)		((w)->sh.max_height)
  #define SH_INC(w)		((w)->sh.flags & XCB_ICCCM_SIZE_HINT_P_RESIZE_INC)
  #define SH_INC_W(w)		((w)->sh.width_inc)
  #define SH_INC_H(w)		((w)->sh.height_inc)
  #define SWM_MAX_FONT_STEPS	(3)
  #define WINID(w)		((w) ? (w)->id : XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  #define ACCEPTS_FOCUS(w)	(!((w)->hints.flags & XCB_ICCCM_WM_HINT_INPUT) \
      || ((w)->hints.input))
  #define WS_FOCUSED(ws)		((ws)->r && (ws)->r->s->r_focus == (ws)->r)
  #define YESNO(x)		((x) ? "yes" : "no")
  #define ICONIC(w)		((w)->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_HIDDEN)
  #define ABOVE(w)		((w)->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_ABOVE)
  #define FULLSCREEN(w)		((w)->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN)
  #define MAXIMIZED_VERT(w)	((w)->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED_VERT)
  #define MAXIMIZED_HORZ(w)	((w)->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED_HORZ)
  #define MAXIMIZED(w)		(MAXIMIZED_VERT(w) || MAXIMIZED_HORZ(w))
  #define MANUAL(w)		((w)->ewmh_flags & SWM_F_MANUAL)
  #define TRANS(w)		((w)->transient != XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  #define FLOATING(w)		(ABOVE(w) || TRANS(w) || FULLSCREEN(w) ||      \
      MAXIMIZED(w))
  
  /* Constrain Window flags */
  #define SWM_CW_RESIZABLE	(0x01)
  #define SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY	(0x02)
  #define SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY	(0x04)
  #define SWM_CW_RIGHT		(0x10)
  #define SWM_CW_LEFT		(0x20)
  #define SWM_CW_BOTTOM		(0x40)
  #define SWM_CW_TOP		(0x80)
  #define SWM_CW_ALLSIDES		(0xf0)
  
  #define SWM_FOCUS_DEFAULT	(0)
  #define SWM_FOCUS_FOLLOW	(1)
  #define SWM_FOCUS_MANUAL	(2)
  
  #define SWM_COUNT_TILED		(1 << 0)
  #define SWM_COUNT_FLOATING	(1 << 1)
  #define SWM_COUNT_ICONIC	(1 << 2)
  #define SWM_COUNT_NORMAL	(SWM_COUNT_TILED | SWM_COUNT_FLOATING)
  #define SWM_COUNT_ALL		(SWM_COUNT_NORMAL | SWM_COUNT_ICONIC)
  
  #define SWM_WIN_UNFOCUS		(1 << 0)
  #define SWM_WIN_NOUNMAP		(1 << 1)
  
  #define SWM_CK_ALL		(0xf)
  #define SWM_CK_FOCUS		(0x1)
  #define SWM_CK_POINTER		(0x2)
  #define SWM_CK_FALLBACK		(0x4)
  #define SWM_CK_REGION		(0x8)
  
  #define SWM_WSI_LISTCURRENT	(0x001)
  #define SWM_WSI_LISTACTIVE	(0x002)
  #define SWM_WSI_LISTEMPTY	(0x004)
  #define SWM_WSI_LISTNAMED	(0x008)
  #define SWM_WSI_LISTURGENT	(0x010)
  #define SWM_WSI_LISTALL		(0x0ff)
  #define SWM_WSI_HIDECURRENT	(0x100)
  #define SWM_WSI_MARKCURRENT	(0x200)
  #define SWM_WSI_MARKURGENT	(0x400)
  #define SWM_WSI_MARKACTIVE	(0x800)
  #define SWM_WSI_MARKEMPTY	(0x1000)
  #define SWM_WSI_PRINTNAMES	(0x2000)
  #define SWM_WSI_NOINDEXES	(0x4000)
  #define SWM_WSI_DEFAULT		(SWM_WSI_LISTCURRENT | SWM_WSI_LISTACTIVE |	\
      SWM_WSI_MARKCURRENT | SWM_WSI_PRINTNAMES)
  
  #define SWM_WM_CLASS_INSTANCE	"spectrwm"
  #define SWM_WM_CLASS_BAR	"panel"
  
  #define SWM_CONF_DEFAULT	(0)
  #define SWM_CONF_KEYMAPPING	(1)
  
  #ifndef SWM_LIB
  #define SWM_LIB			"/usr/local/lib/libswmhack.so"
  #endif
  
  char			**start_argv;
  xcb_atom_t		a_state;
  xcb_atom_t		a_prot;
  xcb_atom_t		a_delete;
  xcb_atom_t		a_net_frame_extents;
  xcb_atom_t		a_net_wm_check;
  xcb_atom_t		a_net_supported;
  xcb_atom_t		a_takefocus;
  xcb_atom_t		a_utf8_string;
  xcb_atom_t		a_swm_ws;
  volatile sig_atomic_t   running = 1;
  volatile sig_atomic_t   restart_wm = 0;
  xcb_timestamp_t		last_event_time = 0;
  int			outputs = 0;
  bool			randr_support = false;
  int			randr_eventbase;
  unsigned int		numlockmask = 0;
  bool			xinput2_support = false;
  
  Display			*display;
  xcb_connection_t	*conn;
  xcb_key_symbols_t	*syms;
  
  int			boundary_width = 50;
  bool			cycle_empty = false;
  bool			cycle_visible = false;
  int			term_width = 0;
  int			font_adjusted = 0;
  uint16_t		mod_key = MODKEY;
  bool			warp_focus = false;
  bool			warp_pointer = false;
  bool			workspace_clamp = false;
  
  /* dmenu search */
  struct swm_region	*search_r;
  int			select_list_pipe[2];
  int			select_resp_pipe[2];
  pid_t			searchpid;
  volatile sig_atomic_t	search_resp;
  int			search_resp_action;
  
  struct search_window {
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(search_window)	entry;
  	int				idx;
  	struct ws_win			*win;
  	xcb_gcontext_t			gc;
  	xcb_window_t			indicator;
  };
  TAILQ_HEAD(search_winlist, search_window) search_wl =
      TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(search_wl);
  
  /* search actions */
  enum {
  	SWM_SEARCH_NONE,
  	SWM_SEARCH_UNICONIFY,
  	SWM_SEARCH_NAME_WORKSPACE,
  	SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WORKSPACE,
  	SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WINDOW
  };
  
  #define SWM_STACK_TOP		(0)
  #define SWM_STACK_BOTTOM	(1)
  #define SWM_STACK_ABOVE		(2)
  #define SWM_STACK_BELOW		(3)
  
  /* dialog windows */
  double			dialog_ratio = 0.6;
  /* status bar */
  #define SWM_BAR_MAX		(1024)
  #define SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT	(0)
  #define SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_CENTER	(1)
  #define SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_RIGHT	(2)
  #define SWM_BAR_OFFSET		(4)
  #define SWM_BAR_FONTS		"-*-terminus-medium-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"	\
  				"-*-profont-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"		\
  				"-*-times-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"	\
  				"-misc-fixed-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*,"	\
  				"-*-*-*-r-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
  
  #define SWM_BAR_MAX_FONTS	(10)
  #define SWM_BAR_MAX_COLORS	(10)
  
  #ifdef X_HAVE_UTF8_STRING
  #define DRAWSTRING(x...)	Xutf8DrawString(x)
  #define TEXTEXTENTS(x...)	Xutf8TextExtents(x)
  #else
  #define DRAWSTRING(x...)	XmbDrawString(x)
  #define TEXTEXTENTS(x...)	XmbTextExtents(x)
  #endif
  
  char		*bar_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
  int		 bar_pipe[2];
  char		 bar_ext[SWM_BAR_MAX];
  char		 bar_ext_buf[SWM_BAR_MAX];
  char		 bar_vertext[SWM_BAR_MAX];
  bool		 bar_version = false;
  bool		 bar_enabled = true;
  int		 bar_border_width = 1;
  bool		 bar_at_bottom = false;
  bool		 bar_extra = false;
  int		 bar_height = 0;
  int		 bar_justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT;
  char		*bar_format = NULL;
  bool		 bar_action_expand = false;
  bool		 stack_enabled = true;
  bool		 clock_enabled = true;
  bool		 iconic_enabled = false;
  bool		 maximize_hide_bar = false;
  bool		 urgent_enabled = false;
  bool		 urgent_collapse = false;
  char		*clock_format = NULL;
  bool		 window_class_enabled = false;
  bool		 window_instance_enabled = false;
  bool		 window_name_enabled = false;
  uint32_t	 workspace_indicator = SWM_WSI_DEFAULT;
  int		 focus_mode = SWM_FOCUS_DEFAULT;
  int		 focus_close = SWM_STACK_BELOW;
  bool		 focus_close_wrap = true;
  int		 focus_default = SWM_STACK_TOP;
  int		 spawn_position = SWM_STACK_TOP;
  bool		 disable_border = false;
  bool		 disable_border_always = false;
  int		 border_width = 1;
  int		 region_padding = 0;
  int		 tile_gap = 0;
  bool		 verbose_layout = false;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  bool		 debug_enabled;
  time_t		 time_started;
  #endif
  pid_t		 bar_pid;
  XFontSet	 bar_fs = NULL;
  XFontSetExtents	*bar_fs_extents;
  char		*bar_fontnames[SWM_BAR_MAX_FONTS];
  XftFont		*bar_xftfonts[SWM_BAR_MAX_FONTS + 1];
  int		num_xftfonts;
  char		*bar_fontname_pua;
  int		font_pua_index;
  bool		 bar_font_legacy = true;
  char		*bar_fonts = NULL;
  XftColor	bar_fg_colors[SWM_BAR_MAX_COLORS];
  int		num_fg_colors = 1;
  int		num_bg_colors = 1;
  XftColor	search_font_color;
  char		*startup_exception = NULL;
  unsigned int	 nr_exceptions = 0;
  char    *workspace_mark_current = NULL;
  char    *workspace_mark_urgent = NULL;
  char    *workspace_mark_active = NULL;
  char    *workspace_mark_empty = NULL;
  char    *stack_mark_max = NULL;
  char    *stack_mark_vertical = NULL;
  char    *stack_mark_vertical_flip = NULL;
  char    *stack_mark_horizontal = NULL;
  char    *stack_mark_horizontal_flip = NULL;
  
  /* layout manager data */
  struct swm_geometry {
  	int			x;
  	int			y;
  	int			w;
  	int			h;
  };
  
  struct swm_screen;
  struct workspace;
  
  struct swm_bar {
  	xcb_window_t		id;
  	xcb_pixmap_t		buffer;
  	struct swm_geometry	g;
  	struct swm_region	*r;	/* Associated region. */
  };
  
  /* virtual "screens" */
  struct swm_region {
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(swm_region)	entry;
  	xcb_window_t		id;
  	struct swm_geometry	g;
  	struct workspace	*ws;	/* current workspace on this region */
  	struct workspace	*ws_prior; /* prior workspace on this region */
  	struct swm_screen	*s;	/* screen idx */
  	struct swm_bar		*bar;
  };
  TAILQ_HEAD(swm_region_list, swm_region);
  
  enum {
  	SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTING,
  	SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTED,
  	SWM_WIN_STATE_UNPARENTING,
  	SWM_WIN_STATE_UNPARENTED,
  };
  
  struct ws_win {
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(ws_win)	entry;
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(ws_win)	stack_entry;
  	xcb_window_t		id;
  	xcb_window_t		frame;
  	xcb_window_t		transient;
  	xcb_visualid_t		visual;
  	struct ws_win		*focus_redirect;/* focus on transient */
  	struct swm_geometry	g;		/* current geometry */
  	struct swm_geometry	g_prev;		/* prev configured geometry */
  	struct swm_geometry	g_float;	/* region coordinates */
  	bool			g_floatvalid;	/* g_float geometry validity */
  	bool			mapped;
  	uint8_t			state;
  	bool			bordered;
  	uint32_t		ewmh_flags;
  	int			font_size_boundary[SWM_MAX_FONT_STEPS];
  	int			font_steps;
  	int			last_inc;
  	bool			can_delete;
  	bool			take_focus;
  	bool			java;
  	uint32_t		quirks;
  	struct workspace	*ws;	/* always valid */
  	struct swm_screen	*s;	/* always valid, never changes */
  	xcb_size_hints_t	sh;
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_class_reply_t	ch;
  	xcb_icccm_wm_hints_t	hints;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	xcb_window_t		debug;
  #endif
  };
  TAILQ_HEAD(ws_win_list, ws_win);
  TAILQ_HEAD(ws_win_stack, ws_win);
  
  /* pid goo */
  struct pid_e {
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(pid_e)	entry;
  	pid_t			pid;
  	int			ws;
  };
  TAILQ_HEAD(pid_list, pid_e) pidlist = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(pidlist);
  
  /* layout handlers */
  void	stack(struct swm_region *);
  void	vertical_config(struct workspace *, int);
  void	vertical_stack(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *);
  void	horizontal_config(struct workspace *, int);
  void	horizontal_stack(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *);
  void	max_stack(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *);
  void	plain_stacker(struct workspace *);
  void	fancy_stacker(struct workspace *);
  
  struct layout {
  	void		(*l_stack)(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *);
  	void		(*l_config)(struct workspace *, int);
  	uint32_t	flags;
  #define SWM_L_FOCUSPREV		(1 << 0)
  #define SWM_L_MAPONFOCUS	(1 << 1)
  	void		(*l_string)(struct workspace *);
  } layouts[] =  {
  	/* stack,		configure */
  	{ vertical_stack,	vertical_config,	0,	plain_stacker },
  	{ horizontal_stack,	horizontal_config,	0,	plain_stacker },
  	{ max_stack,		NULL,
  	  SWM_L_MAPONFOCUS | SWM_L_FOCUSPREV,			plain_stacker },
  	{ NULL,			NULL,			0,	NULL  },
  };
  
  /* position of max_stack mode in the layouts array, index into layouts! */
  #define SWM_V_STACK		(0)
  #define SWM_H_STACK		(1)
  #define SWM_MAX_STACK		(2)
  
  #define SWM_H_SLICE		(32)
  #define SWM_V_SLICE		(32)
  
  /* define work spaces */
  struct workspace {
  	int			idx;		/* workspace index */
  	char			*name;		/* workspace name */
  	bool			always_raise;	/* raise windows on focus */
  	bool			bar_enabled;	/* bar visibility */
  	struct layout		*cur_layout;	/* current layout handlers */
  	struct ws_win		*focus;		/* may be NULL */
  	struct ws_win		*focus_prev;	/* may be NULL */
  	struct ws_win		*focus_pending;	/* may be NULL */
  	struct ws_win		*focus_raise;	/* may be NULL */
  	struct swm_region	*r;		/* may be NULL */
  	struct swm_region	*old_r;		/* may be NULL */
  	struct ws_win_list	winlist;	/* list of windows in ws */
  	struct ws_win_stack	stack;		/* stacking order */
  	int			state;		/* mapping state */
  	char			stacker[10];	/* display stacker and layout */
  
  	/* stacker state */
  	struct {
  				int horizontal_msize;
  				int horizontal_mwin;
  				int horizontal_stacks;
  				bool horizontal_flip;
  				int vertical_msize;
  				int vertical_mwin;
  				int vertical_stacks;
  				bool vertical_flip;
  	} l_state;
  };
  
  enum {
  	SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN,
  	SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPING,
  	SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPED,
  };
  
  enum {
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR1,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR2,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR3,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR4,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR5,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR6,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR7,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR8,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR9,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_SELECTED,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER_UNFOCUS,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT1,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT2,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT3,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT4,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT5,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT6,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT7,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT8,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT9,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT_SELECTED,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED,
  	SWM_S_COLOR_MAX
  };
  
  /* physical screen mapping */
  #define SWM_WS_MAX		(22)	/* hard limit */
  int		workspace_limit = 10;	/* soft limit */
  
  #define SWM_RATE_DEFAULT	(60)	/* Default for swm_screen. */
  
  struct swm_screen {
  	int			idx;	/* screen index */
  	struct swm_region_list	rl;	/* list of regions on this screen */
  	struct swm_region_list	orl;	/* list of old regions */
  	xcb_window_t		root;
  	struct workspace	ws[SWM_WS_MAX];
  	struct swm_region	*r_focus;
  
  	/* colors */
  	struct {
  		uint32_t	pixel;
  		char		*name;
  		int		manual;
  	} c[SWM_S_COLOR_MAX];
  
  	uint8_t			depth;
  	xcb_timestamp_t		rate; /* Max updates/sec for move and resize */
  	xcb_visualid_t		visual;
  	Visual			*xvisual; /* Needed for Xft. */
  	xcb_colormap_t		colormap;
  	xcb_gcontext_t		gc;
  };
  struct swm_screen	*screens;
  
  /* args to functions */
  union arg {
  	int			id;
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSNEXT	(0)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSPREV	(1)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSMAIN	(2)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSURGENT	(3)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPNEXT	(10)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPPREV	(11)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPMAIN	(12)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MOVELAST	(13)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERSHRINK (20)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERGROW	(21)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERADD	(22)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERDEL	(23)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_FLIPLAYOUT	(24)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_STACKRESET	(30)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINIT	(31)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_STACKBALANCE	(32)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP	(40)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN	(41)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_UP	(42)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_DOWN	(43)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP_ALL	(44)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN_ALL	(45)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_MOVE_UP	(46)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_MOVE_DOWN	(47)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINC	(50)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_STACKDEC	(51)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLE_LAYOUT	(60)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_VERTICAL	(61)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_HORIZONTAL	(62)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_MAX	(63)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_DONTCENTER	(70)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CENTER	(71)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_KILLWINDOW	(80)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_DELETEWINDOW	(81)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_WIDTHGROW	(90)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_WIDTHSHRINK	(91)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_HEIGHTGROW	(92)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_HEIGHTSHRINK	(93)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MOVEUP	(100)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MOVEDOWN	(101)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MOVELEFT	(102)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_MOVERIGHT	(103)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_BAR_TOGGLE	(110)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_BAR_TOGGLE_WS	(111)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_UP	(112)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_DOWN	(113)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_WS_EMPTY	(120)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_WS_EMPTY_MOVE	(121)
  #define SWM_ARG_ID_RESTARTOFDAY	(130)
  	char			**argv;
  };
  
  /* quirks */
  struct quirk {
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(quirk)	entry;
  	char			*class;		/* WM_CLASS:class */
  	char			*instance;	/* WM_CLASS:instance */
  	char			*name;		/* WM_NAME */
  	regex_t			regex_class;
  	regex_t			regex_instance;
  	regex_t			regex_name;
  	uint32_t		quirk;
  	int			ws;	 /* Initial workspace. */
  #define SWM_Q_FLOAT		(1 << 0) /* Float this window. */
  #define SWM_Q_TRANSSZ		(1 << 1) /* Transient window size too small. */
  #define SWM_Q_ANYWHERE		(1 << 2) /* Don't position this window */
  #define SWM_Q_XTERM_FONTADJ	(1 << 3) /* Adjust xterm fonts when resizing. */
  #define SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN	(1 << 4) /* Remove border when fullscreen. */
  #define SWM_Q_FOCUSPREV		(1 << 5) /* Focus on caller. */
  #define SWM_Q_NOFOCUSONMAP	(1 << 6) /* Don't focus on window when mapped.*/
  #define SWM_Q_FOCUSONMAP_SINGLE	(1 << 7) /* Only focus if single win of type. */
  #define SWM_Q_OBEYAPPFOCUSREQ	(1 << 8) /* Focus when applications ask. */
  #define SWM_Q_IGNOREPID		(1 << 9) /* Ignore PID when determining ws. */
  #define SWM_Q_IGNORESPAWNWS	(1 << 10)/* Ignore _SWM_WS when managing win. */
  #define SWM_Q_NOFOCUSCYCLE	(1 << 11)/* Remove from normal focus cycle. */
  #define SWM_Q_MINIMALBORDER	(1 << 12)/* No border when floating/unfocused.*/
  };
  TAILQ_HEAD(quirk_list, quirk) quirks = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(quirks);
  
  /*
   * Supported EWMH hints should be added to
   * both the enum and the ewmh array
   */
  enum {
  	_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW,
  	_NET_CLIENT_LIST,
  	_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW,
  	_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP,
  	_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY,
  	_NET_DESKTOP_NAMES,
  	_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT,
  	_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW,
  	_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS,
  	_NET_REQUEST_FRAME_EXTENTS,
  	_NET_RESTACK_WINDOW,
  	_NET_WM_ACTION_ABOVE,
  	_NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE,
  	_NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN,
  	_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE,
  	_NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE,
  	_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS,
  	_NET_WM_DESKTOP,
  	_NET_WM_FULL_PLACEMENT,
  	_NET_WM_NAME,
  	_NET_WM_STATE,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER,
  	_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR,
  	_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY,
  	_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL,
  	SWM_EWMH_HINT_MAX
  };
  
  struct ewmh_hint {
  	char		*name;
  	xcb_atom_t	atom;
  } ewmh[SWM_EWMH_HINT_MAX] =	{
      /* must be in same order as in the enum */
      {"_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_CLIENT_LIST", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_DESKTOP_NAMES", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_REQUEST_FRAME_EXTENTS", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_RESTACK_WINDOW", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_ACTION_ABOVE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_DESKTOP", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_FULL_PLACEMENT", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_NAME", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
      {"_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL", XCB_ATOM_NONE},
  };
  
  /* EWMH source type */
  enum {
  	EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_NONE = 0,
  	EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_NORMAL = 1,
  	EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_OTHER = 2,
  };
  
  /* Cursors */
  enum {
  	XC_FLEUR,
  	XC_LEFT_PTR,
  	XC_BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER,
  	XC_BOTTOM_RIGHT_CORNER,
  	XC_SIZING,
  	XC_TOP_LEFT_CORNER,
  	XC_TOP_RIGHT_CORNER,
  	XC_MAX
  };
  
  struct cursors {
  	char		*name; /* Name used by Xcursor .*/
  	uint8_t		cf_char; /* cursorfont index. */
  	xcb_cursor_t	cid;
  } cursors[XC_MAX] =	{
  	{"fleur", XC_fleur, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  	{"left_ptr", XC_left_ptr, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  	{"bottom_left_corner", XC_bottom_left_corner, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  	{"bottom_right_corner", XC_bottom_right_corner, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  	{"sizing", XC_sizing, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  	{"top_left_corner", XC_top_left_corner, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  	{"top_right_corner", XC_top_right_corner, XCB_CURSOR_NONE},
  };
  
  #define SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX		(SWM_BAR_MAX/4)
  struct text_fragment {
  	char 			*text;
  	int 			length;
  	int 			font;
  	int 			width;
  	int 			fg;
  	int 			bg;
  };
  
  /* bar section */
  struct bar_section {
  	char			fmtrep[SWM_BAR_MAX * 2];
  	char			fmtsplit[SWM_BAR_MAX * 2];
  	struct text_fragment	frag[SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX];
  
  	bool			fit_to_text;
  	int			justify;
  	int			weight;
  	int			start;
  	int 			width;
  	int			text_start;
  	int 			text_width;
  	int 			nfrags;
  
  	/* Needed for legacy font */
  	int			height;
  	int			ypos;
  };
  
  struct bar_section	*bsect = NULL;
  int			maxsect = 0;
  int			numsect;
  
  #define SWM_SPAWN_OPTIONAL		0x1
  
  /* spawn */
  struct spawn_prog {
  	TAILQ_ENTRY(spawn_prog)	entry;
  	char			*name;
  	int			argc;
  	char			**argv;
  	int			flags;
  };
  TAILQ_HEAD(spawn_list, spawn_prog) spawns = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(spawns);
  
  enum {
  	FN_F_NOREPLAY = 0x1,
  };
  
  /* User callable function IDs. */
  enum actionid {
  	FN_BAR_TOGGLE,
  	FN_BAR_TOGGLE_WS,
  	FN_BUTTON2,
  	FN_CYCLE_LAYOUT,
  	FN_FLIP_LAYOUT,
  	FN_FLOAT_TOGGLE,
  	FN_FOCUS,
  	FN_FOCUS_MAIN,
  	FN_FOCUS_NEXT,
  	FN_FOCUS_PREV,
  	FN_FOCUS_URGENT,
  	FN_FULLSCREEN_TOGGLE,
  	FN_MAXIMIZE_TOGGLE,
  	FN_HEIGHT_GROW,
  	FN_HEIGHT_SHRINK,
  	FN_ICONIFY,
  	FN_LAYOUT_VERTICAL,
  	FN_LAYOUT_HORIZONTAL,
  	FN_LAYOUT_MAX,
  	FN_MASTER_SHRINK,
  	FN_MASTER_GROW,
  	FN_MASTER_ADD,
  	FN_MASTER_DEL,
  	FN_MOVE,
  	FN_MOVE_DOWN,
  	FN_MOVE_LEFT,
  	FN_MOVE_RIGHT,
  	FN_MOVE_UP,
  	FN_MVRG_1,
  	FN_MVRG_2,
  	FN_MVRG_3,
  	FN_MVRG_4,
  	FN_MVRG_5,
  	FN_MVRG_6,
  	FN_MVRG_7,
  	FN_MVRG_8,
  	FN_MVRG_9,
  	KF_MVRG_NEXT,
  	KF_MVRG_PREV,
  	FN_MVWS_1,
  	FN_MVWS_2,
  	FN_MVWS_3,
  	FN_MVWS_4,
  	FN_MVWS_5,
  	FN_MVWS_6,
  	FN_MVWS_7,
  	FN_MVWS_8,
  	FN_MVWS_9,
  	FN_MVWS_10,
  	FN_MVWS_11,
  	FN_MVWS_12,
  	FN_MVWS_13,
  	FN_MVWS_14,
  	FN_MVWS_15,
  	FN_MVWS_16,
  	FN_MVWS_17,
  	FN_MVWS_18,
  	FN_MVWS_19,
  	FN_MVWS_20,
  	FN_MVWS_21,
  	FN_MVWS_22,
  	FN_NAME_WORKSPACE,
  	FN_QUIT,
  	FN_RAISE,
  	FN_RAISE_TOGGLE,
  	FN_RESIZE,
  	FN_RESIZE_CENTERED,
  	FN_RESTART,
  	FN_RESTART_OF_DAY,
  	FN_RG_1,
  	FN_RG_2,
  	FN_RG_3,
  	FN_RG_4,
  	FN_RG_5,
  	FN_RG_6,
  	FN_RG_7,
  	FN_RG_8,
  	FN_RG_9,
  	FN_RG_MOVE_NEXT,
  	FN_RG_MOVE_PREV,
  	FN_RG_NEXT,
  	FN_RG_PREV,
  	FN_SCREEN_NEXT,
  	FN_SCREEN_PREV,
  	FN_SEARCH_WIN,
  	FN_SEARCH_WORKSPACE,
  	FN_SPAWN_CUSTOM,
  	FN_STACK_BALANCE,
  	FN_STACK_INC,
  	FN_STACK_DEC,
  	FN_STACK_RESET,
  	FN_SWAP_MAIN,
  	FN_SWAP_NEXT,
  	FN_SWAP_PREV,
  	FN_UNICONIFY,
  	FN_VERSION,
  	FN_WIDTH_GROW,
  	FN_WIDTH_SHRINK,
  	FN_WIND_DEL,
  	FN_WIND_KILL,
  	FN_WS_1,
  	FN_WS_2,
  	FN_WS_3,
  	FN_WS_4,
  	FN_WS_5,
  	FN_WS_6,
  	FN_WS_7,
  	FN_WS_8,
  	FN_WS_9,
  	FN_WS_10,
  	FN_WS_11,
  	FN_WS_12,
  	FN_WS_13,
  	FN_WS_14,
  	FN_WS_15,
  	FN_WS_16,
  	FN_WS_17,
  	FN_WS_18,
  	FN_WS_19,
  	FN_WS_20,
  	FN_WS_21,
  	FN_WS_22,
  	FN_WS_EMPTY,
  	FN_WS_EMPTY_MOVE,
  	FN_WS_NEXT,
  	FN_WS_NEXT_ALL,
  	FN_WS_NEXT_MOVE,
  	FN_WS_PREV,
  	FN_WS_PREV_ALL,
  	FN_WS_PREV_MOVE,
  	FN_WS_PRIOR,
  	/* SWM_DEBUG actions MUST be here: */
  	FN_DEBUG_TOGGLE,
  	FN_DUMPWINS,
  	/* ALWAYS last: */
  	FN_INVALID
  };
  
  enum binding_type {
  	KEYBIND,
  	BTNBIND
  };
  
  enum {
  	BINDING_F_REPLAY = 0x1,
  };
  
  struct binding {
  	RB_ENTRY(binding)	entry;
  	uint16_t		mod;		/* Modifier Mask. */
  	enum binding_type	type;		/* Key or Button. */
  	uint32_t		value;		/* KeySym or Button Index. */
  	enum actionid		action;		/* Action Identifier. */
  	uint32_t		flags;
  	char			*spawn_name;
  };
  RB_HEAD(binding_tree, binding) bindings = RB_INITIALIZER(&bindings);
  
  /* function prototypes */
  void	 adjust_font(struct ws_win *);
  char	*argsep(char **);
  void	 bar_cleanup(struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_extra_setup(void);
  void	 bar_extra_stop(void);
  int	 bar_extra_update(void);
  void	 bar_fmt(const char *, char *, struct swm_region *, size_t);
  void	 bar_fmt_expand(char *, size_t);
  void     bar_parse_markup(struct bar_section *);
  void	 bar_draw(struct swm_bar *);
  void	 bar_print(struct swm_region *, const char *);
  void	 bar_print_legacy(struct swm_region *, const char *);
  void	 bar_print_layout(struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_split_format(char *);
  void	 bar_strlcat_esc(char *, char *, size_t);
  void	 bar_replace(char *, char *, struct swm_region *, size_t);
  void	 bar_replace_pad(char *, int *, size_t);
  void	 bar_replace_action(char *, char *, struct swm_region *, size_t);
  char	*bar_replace_seq(char *, char *, struct swm_region *, size_t *, size_t);
  void	 bar_setup(struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_toggle(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 bar_urgent(char *, size_t);
  void	 bar_window_class(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_window_class_instance(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_window_float(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_window_instance(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_window_name(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_window_state(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_workspace_indicator(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  void	 bar_workspace_name(char *, size_t, struct swm_region *);
  int	 binding_cmp(struct binding *, struct binding *);
  void	 binding_insert(uint16_t, enum binding_type, uint32_t, enum actionid,
  	     uint32_t, const char *);
  struct binding	*binding_lookup(uint16_t, enum binding_type, uint32_t);
  void	 binding_remove(struct binding *);
  void	 buttonpress(xcb_button_press_event_t *);
  void	 buttonrelease(xcb_button_release_event_t *);
  void	 center_pointer(struct swm_region *);
  const struct xcb_setup_t	*get_setup(void);
  void	 clear_bindings(void);
  void	 clear_keybindings(void);
  int	 clear_maximized(struct workspace *);
  void	 clear_quirks(void);
  void	 clear_spawns(void);
  void	 clientmessage(xcb_client_message_event_t *);
  void	 client_msg(struct ws_win *, xcb_atom_t, xcb_timestamp_t);
  int	 conf_load(const char *, int);
  void	 configurenotify(xcb_configure_notify_event_t *);
  void	 configurerequest(xcb_configure_request_event_t *);
  void	 config_win(struct ws_win *, xcb_configure_request_event_t *);
  void	 constrain_window(struct ws_win *, struct swm_geometry *, int *);
  int	 count_win(struct workspace *, uint32_t);
  void	 cursors_cleanup(void);
  void	 cursors_load(void);
  void	 cyclerg(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 cyclews(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void	 debug_refresh(struct ws_win *);
  #endif
  void	 debug_toggle(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 destroynotify(xcb_destroy_notify_event_t *);
  void	 dumpwins(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 emptyws(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  int	 enable_wm(void);
  void	 enternotify(xcb_enter_notify_event_t *);
  void	 event_drain(uint8_t);
  void	 event_error(xcb_generic_error_t *);
  void	 event_handle(xcb_generic_event_t *);
  void	 ewmh_apply_flags(struct ws_win *, uint32_t);
  void	 ewmh_autoquirk(struct ws_win *);
  void	 ewmh_get_desktop_names(void);
  void	 ewmh_get_wm_state(struct ws_win *);
  void	 ewmh_update_actions(struct ws_win *);
  void	 ewmh_update_client_list(void);
  void	 ewmh_update_current_desktop(void);
  void	 ewmh_update_desktop_names(void);
  void	 ewmh_update_desktops(void);
  void	 ewmh_change_wm_state(struct ws_win *, xcb_atom_t, long);
  void	 ewmh_update_wm_state(struct ws_win *);
  char	*expand_tilde(const char *);
  void	 expose(xcb_expose_event_t *);
  void	 fake_keypress(struct ws_win *, xcb_keysym_t, uint16_t);
  struct swm_bar	*find_bar(xcb_window_t);
  struct ws_win	*find_main_window(struct ws_win *);
  struct pid_e	*find_pid(pid_t);
  struct swm_region	*find_region(xcb_window_t);
  struct swm_screen	*find_screen(xcb_window_t);
  struct ws_win	*find_window(xcb_window_t);
  void	 floating_toggle(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 focus(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 focus_flush(void);
  void	 focus_pointer(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 focus_region(struct swm_region *);
  void	 focus_win(struct ws_win *);
  void	 focus_win_input(struct ws_win *, bool);
  void	 focusin(xcb_focus_in_event_t *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void	 focusout(xcb_focus_out_event_t *);
  #endif
  void	 focusrg(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 fontset_init(void);
  void	 free_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 fullscreen_toggle(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  xcb_atom_t get_atom_from_string(const char *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char	*get_atom_name(xcb_atom_t);
  #endif
  xcb_keycode_t	 get_binding_keycode(struct binding *);
  struct ws_win   *get_focus_magic(struct ws_win *);
  struct ws_win   *get_focus_other(struct ws_win *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char	*get_mapping_notify_label(uint8_t);
  #endif
  xcb_generic_event_t	*get_next_event(bool);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char	*get_notify_detail_label(uint8_t);
  char	*get_notify_mode_label(uint8_t);
  #endif
  struct swm_region	*get_pointer_region(struct swm_screen *);
  struct ws_win	*get_pointer_win(struct swm_screen *);
  struct ws_win	*get_region_focus(struct swm_region *);
  int	 get_region_index(struct swm_region *);
  xcb_screen_t	*get_screen(int);
  int	 get_screen_count(void);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char	*get_source_type_label(uint32_t);
  char	*get_stack_mode_name(uint8_t);
  char	*get_state_mask_label(uint16_t);
  #endif
  int32_t	 get_swm_ws(xcb_window_t);
  bool	 get_urgent(struct ws_win *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char	*get_win_input_model(struct ws_win *);
  #endif
  char	*get_win_name(xcb_window_t);
  uint8_t	 get_win_state(xcb_window_t);
  void	 get_wm_protocols(struct ws_win *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char	*get_wm_state_label(uint8_t);
  #endif
  int	 get_ws_idx(struct ws_win *);
  void	 grab_windows(void);
  void	 grabbuttons(void);
  void	 grabkeys(void);
  void	 iconify(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  bool	 isxlfd(char *);
  bool     is_valid_markup(char *, size_t *);
  bool	 keybindreleased(struct binding *, xcb_key_release_event_t *);
  void	 keypress(xcb_key_press_event_t *);
  void	 keyrelease(xcb_key_release_event_t *);
  bool	 keyrepeating(xcb_key_release_event_t *);
  void	 kill_bar_extra_atexit(void);
  void	 kill_refs(struct ws_win *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void	 leavenotify(xcb_leave_notify_event_t *);
  #endif
  void	 load_float_geom(struct ws_win *);
  void	 lower_window(struct ws_win *);
  struct ws_win	*manage_window(xcb_window_t, int, bool);
  void	 map_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 map_workspace(struct workspace *);
  void	 mapnotify(xcb_map_notify_event_t *);
  void	 mappingnotify(xcb_mapping_notify_event_t *);
  void	 maprequest(xcb_map_request_event_t *);
  void	 maximize_toggle(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 motionnotify(xcb_motion_notify_event_t *);
  void	 move(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 move_win(struct ws_win *, struct binding *, int);
  uint32_t name_to_pixel(struct swm_screen *, const char *);
  void	 name_workspace(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 new_region(struct swm_screen *, int, int, int, int);
  int	 parse_rgb(const char *, uint16_t *, uint16_t *, uint16_t *);
  int	 parsebinding(const char *, uint16_t *, enum binding_type *, uint32_t *,
  	     uint32_t *, char **);
  int	 parsequirks(const char *, uint32_t *, int *, char **);
  int	 parse_workspace_indicator(const char *, uint32_t *, char **);
  bool	 pointer_follow(struct swm_screen *);
  void	 pressbutton(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 priorws(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void	 print_win_geom(xcb_window_t);
  #endif
  void	 propertynotify(xcb_property_notify_event_t *);
  void	 put_back_event(xcb_generic_event_t *);
  void	 quirk_free(struct quirk *);
  void	 quirk_insert(const char *, const char *, const char *, uint32_t, int);
  void	 quirk_remove(struct quirk *);
  void	 quirk_replace(struct quirk *, const char *, const char *, const char *,
  	     uint32_t, int);
  void	 quit(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 raise_focus(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 raise_toggle(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 raise_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 raise_window_related(struct ws_win *);
  void	 region_containment(struct ws_win *, struct swm_region *, int);
  struct swm_region	*region_under(struct swm_screen *, int, int);
  void	 regionize(struct ws_win *, int, int);
  void	 reparent_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 reparentnotify(xcb_reparent_notify_event_t *);
  void	 resize(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 resize_win(struct ws_win *, struct binding *, int);
  void	 update_stacking(struct swm_screen *);
  void	 restart(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  struct swm_region	*root_to_region(xcb_window_t, int);
  void	 screenchange(xcb_randr_screen_change_notify_event_t *);
  void	 scan_config(void);
  void	 scan_randr(int);
  void	 search_do_resp(void);
  void	 search_resp_name_workspace(const char *, size_t);
  void	 search_resp_search_window(const char *);
  void	 search_resp_search_workspace(const char *);
  void	 search_resp_uniconify(const char *, size_t);
  void	 search_win(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 search_win_cleanup(void);
  void	 search_workspace(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 send_to_rg(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 send_to_rg_relative(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 send_to_ws(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 set_region(struct swm_region *);
  int	 setautorun(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  void	 setbinding(uint16_t, enum binding_type, uint32_t, enum actionid,
  	     uint32_t, const char *);
  int	 setconfbinding(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfcolor(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfcolorlist(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfmodkey(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfquirk(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfregion(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfspawn(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setconfvalue(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setkeymapping(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  int	 setlayout(const char *, const char *, int, char **);
  void	 setquirk(const char *, const char *, const char *, uint32_t, int);
  void	 setscreencolor(const char *, int, int);
  void	 setspawn(const char *, const char *, int);
  void	 setup_btnbindings(void);
  void	 setup_ewmh(void);
  void	 setup_extensions(void);
  void	 setup_globals(void);
  void	 setup_keybindings(void);
  void	 setup_quirks(void);
  void	 setup_screens(void);
  void	 setup_spawn(void);
  void	 set_focus_redirect(struct ws_win *);
  void	 set_win_state(struct ws_win *, uint8_t);
  void	 shutdown_cleanup(void);
  void	 sighdlr(int);
  void	 socket_setnonblock(int);
  void	 sort_windows(struct ws_win_list *);
  void	 spawn(int, union arg *, bool);
  void	 spawn_custom(struct swm_region *, union arg *, const char *);
  int	 spawn_expand(struct swm_region *, union arg *, const char *, char ***);
  void	 spawn_insert(const char *, const char *, int);
  struct spawn_prog	*spawn_find(const char *);
  void	 spawn_remove(struct spawn_prog *);
  void	 spawn_replace(struct spawn_prog *, const char *, const char *, int);
  void	 spawn_select(struct swm_region *, union arg *, const char *, int *);
  void	 stack_config(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 stack_master(struct workspace *, struct swm_geometry *, int, bool);
  void	 store_float_geom(struct ws_win *);
  char	*strdupsafe(const char *);
  void	 swapwin(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 switchlayout(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 switchws(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 teardown_ewmh(void);
  void	 unescape_selector(char *);
  void	 unfocus_win(struct ws_win *);
  void	 uniconify(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 unmanage_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 unmap_all(void);
  void	 unmap_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 unmap_workspace(struct workspace *);
  void	 unmapnotify(xcb_unmap_notify_event_t *);
  void	 unparent_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 update_floater(struct ws_win *);
  void	 update_modkey(uint16_t);
  void	 update_win_stacking(struct ws_win *);
  void	 update_window(struct ws_win *);
  void	 draw_frame(struct ws_win *);
  void	 update_wm_state(struct  ws_win *win);
  void	 updatenumlockmask(void);
  static void	 usage(void);
  void	 validate_spawns(void);
  int	 validate_win(struct ws_win *);
  int	 validate_ws(struct workspace *);
  void	 version(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 win_to_ws(struct ws_win *, int, uint32_t);
  pid_t	 window_get_pid(xcb_window_t);
  void	 wkill(struct binding *, struct swm_region *, union arg *);
  void	 update_ws_stack(struct workspace *);
  void	 xft_init(struct swm_region *);
  void	 _add_startup_exception(const char *, va_list);
  void	 add_startup_exception(const char *, ...);
  
  RB_PROTOTYPE(binding_tree, binding, entry, binding_cmp);
  #ifndef __clang_analyzer__ /* Suppress false warnings. */
  RB_GENERATE(binding_tree, binding, entry, binding_cmp);
  #endif
  
  void
  cursors_load(void)
  {
  	xcb_font_t	cf = XCB_NONE;
  	int		i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(cursors); ++i) {
  		/* try to load Xcursor first. */
  		cursors[i].cid = XcursorLibraryLoadCursor(display,
  		    cursors[i].name);
  
  		/* fallback to cursorfont. */
  		if (cursors[i].cid == XCB_CURSOR_NONE) {
  			if (cf == XCB_NONE) {
  				cf = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  				xcb_open_font(conn, cf, strlen("cursor"),
  				    "cursor");
  			}
  
  			cursors[i].cid = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  			xcb_create_glyph_cursor(conn, cursors[i].cid, cf, cf,
  			    cursors[i].cf_char, cursors[i].cf_char + 1, 0, 0, 0,
  			    0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (cf != XCB_NONE)
  		xcb_close_font(conn, cf);
  }
  
  void
  cursors_cleanup(void)
  {
  	int	i;
  	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(cursors); ++i)
  		xcb_free_cursor(conn, cursors[i].cid);
  }
  
  char *
  expand_tilde(const char *s)
  {
  	struct passwd           *ppwd;
  	int                     i;
  	long			max;
  	char                    *user;
  	const char              *sc = s;
  	char			*result;
  
  	if (s == NULL)
  		errx(1, "expand_tilde: NULL string.");
  
  	if (s[0] != '~') {
  		result = strdup(sc);
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	++s;
  
  	if ((max = sysconf(_SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX)) == -1)
  		errx(1, "expand_tilde: sysconf");
  
  	if ((user = calloc(1, max + 1)) == NULL)
  		errx(1, "expand_tilde: calloc");
  
  	for (i = 0; s[i] != '/' && s[i] != '\0'; ++i)
  		user[i] = s[i];
  	user[i] = '\0';
  	s = &s[i];
  
  	ppwd = strlen(user) == 0 ? getpwuid(getuid()) : getpwnam(user);
  	free(user);
  
  	if (ppwd == NULL)
  		result = strdup(sc);
  	else
  		if (asprintf(&result, "%s%s", ppwd->pw_dir, s) == -1)
  			result = NULL;
  out:
  	if (result == NULL)
  		errx(1, "expand_tilde: failed to allocate memory.");
  
  	return (result);
  }
  
  int
  parse_rgb(const char *rgb, uint16_t *rr, uint16_t *gg, uint16_t *bb)
  {
  	unsigned int	tmpr, tmpg, tmpb;
  
  	if (sscanf(rgb, "rgb:%x/%x/%x", &tmpr, &tmpg, &tmpb) != 3)
  		return (-1);
  
  	*rr = RGB_8_TO_16(tmpr);
  	*gg = RGB_8_TO_16(tmpg);
  	*bb = RGB_8_TO_16(tmpb);
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  const struct xcb_setup_t *
  get_setup(void)
  {
  	int	 errcode = xcb_connection_has_error(conn);
  #ifdef XCB_CONN_ERROR
  	char	*s;
  	switch (errcode) {
  	case XCB_CONN_ERROR:
  		s = "Socket error, pipe error or other stream error.";
  		break;
  	case XCB_CONN_CLOSED_EXT_NOTSUPPORTED:
  		s = "Extension not supported.";
  		break;
  	case XCB_CONN_CLOSED_MEM_INSUFFICIENT:
  		s = "Insufficient memory.";
  		break;
  	case XCB_CONN_CLOSED_REQ_LEN_EXCEED:
  		s = "Request length was exceeded.";
  		break;
  	case XCB_CONN_CLOSED_PARSE_ERR:
  		s = "Error parsing display string.";
  		break;
  	default:
  		s = "Unknown error.";
  	}
  	if (errcode)
  		errx(errcode, "X CONNECTION ERROR: %s", s);
  #else
  	if (errcode)
  		errx(errcode, "X CONNECTION ERROR");
  #endif
  	return (xcb_get_setup(conn));
  }
  
  xcb_screen_t *
  get_screen(int screen)
  {
  	const xcb_setup_t	*r;
  	xcb_screen_iterator_t	iter;
  
  	r = get_setup();
  	iter = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(r);
  	for (; iter.rem; --screen, xcb_screen_next(&iter))
  		if (screen == 0)
  			return (iter.data);
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  int
  get_screen_count(void)
  {
  	return (xcb_setup_roots_length(get_setup()));
  }
  
  int
  get_region_index(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*rr;
  	int			 ridx = 0;
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return (-1);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(rr, &r->s->rl, entry) {
  		if (rr == r)
  			break;
  		++ridx;
  	}
  
  	if (rr == NULL)
  		return (-1);
  
  	return (ridx);
  }
  
  void
  event_drain(uint8_t rt)
  {
  	xcb_generic_event_t	*evt;
  
  	/* Ensure all pending requests have been processed before filtering. */
  	xcb_aux_sync(conn);
  	while ((evt = get_next_event(false))) {
  		if (rt == 0 || XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt) != rt)
  			event_handle(evt);
  
  		free(evt);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  focus_flush(void)
  {
  	if (focus_mode == SWM_FOCUS_DEFAULT)
  		event_drain(XCB_ENTER_NOTIFY);
  	else
  		event_drain(0);
  }
  
  xcb_atom_t
  get_atom_from_string(const char *str)
  {
  	xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_intern_atom_reply_t		*r;
  	xcb_atom_t			atom;
  
  	c = xcb_intern_atom(conn, 0, strlen(str), str);
  	r = xcb_intern_atom_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  	if (r) {
  		atom = r->atom;
  		free(r);
  
  		return (atom);
  	}
  
  	return (XCB_ATOM_NONE);
  }
  
  void
  get_wm_protocols(struct ws_win *win) {
  	int				i;
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply_t	wpr;
  
  	if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols(conn, win->id, a_prot),
  	    &wpr, NULL)) {
  		for (i = 0; i < (int)wpr.atoms_len; i++) {
  			if (wpr.atoms[i] == a_takefocus)
  				win->take_focus = true;
  			if (wpr.atoms[i] == a_delete)
  				win->can_delete = true;
  		}
  		xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply_wipe(&wpr);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  setup_ewmh(void)
  {
  	xcb_window_t			root, win;
  	int				i, j, num_screens;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(ewmh); i++)
  		ewmh[i].atom = get_atom_from_string(ewmh[i].name);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		root = screens[i].root;
  
  		/* Set up _NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK. */
  		win = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  		xcb_create_window(conn, XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT, win, root,
  		    0, 0, 1, 1, 0, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
  		    XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT, 0, NULL);
  
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root,
  		    a_net_wm_check, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1, &win);
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win,
  		    a_net_wm_check, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1, &win);
  
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win,
  		    ewmh[_NET_WM_NAME].atom, a_utf8_string,
  		    8, strlen("spectrwm"), "spectrwm");
  
  		/* Report supported atoms */
  		xcb_delete_property(conn, root, a_net_supported);
  		for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(ewmh); j++)
  			xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_APPEND, root,
  			    a_net_supported, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
  			    &ewmh[j].atom);
  	}
  
  	ewmh_update_desktops();
  	ewmh_get_desktop_names();
  }
  
  void
  teardown_ewmh(void)
  {
  	int				i, num_screens;
  	xcb_window_t			id;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	pc;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*pr;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		/* Get the support check window and destroy it */
  		pc = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, screens[i].root, a_net_wm_check,
  		    XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 0, 1);
  		pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
  		if (pr == NULL)
  			continue;
  		if (pr->format == a_net_wm_check) {
  			id = *((xcb_window_t *)xcb_get_property_value(pr));
  
  			xcb_destroy_window(conn, id);
  			xcb_delete_property(conn, screens[i].root,
  			    a_net_wm_check);
  			xcb_delete_property(conn, screens[i].root,
  			    a_net_supported);
  		}
  		free(pr);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_autoquirk(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*r;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_atom_t			*type;
  	int				i, n;
  
  	c = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win->id,
  	    ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 0, UINT32_MAX);
  	r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	type = xcb_get_property_value(r);
  	n = xcb_get_property_value_length(r) / sizeof(xcb_atom_t);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  		if (type[i] == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL].atom)
  			break;
  		if (type[i] == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK].atom ||
  		    type[i] == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR].atom ||
  		    type[i] == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY].atom) {
  			win->quirks = SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_ANYWHERE;
  			break;
  		}
  		if (type[i] == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH].atom ||
  		    type[i] == ewmh[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG].atom) {
  			win->quirks = SWM_Q_FLOAT;
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  	free(r);
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_update_actions(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_atom_t		action[SWM_EWMH_ACTION_COUNT_MAX];
  	int			n = 0;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	action[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE].atom;
  
  	if (ABOVE(win)) {
  		action[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE].atom;
  		action[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE].atom;
  		action[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_ACTION_ABOVE].atom;
  	}
  
  	xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id,
  	    ewmh[_NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1, action);
  }
  
  #define _NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE	0    /* remove/unset property */
  #define _NET_WM_STATE_ADD	1    /* add/set property */
  #define _NET_WM_STATE_TOGGLE	2    /* toggle property */
  
  void
  ewmh_change_wm_state(struct ws_win *win, xcb_atom_t state, long action)
  {
  	uint32_t		flag = 0;
  	uint32_t		new_flags;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	char			*name;
  
  	name = get_atom_name(state);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "win %#x, state: %s, " "action: %ld\n",
  	    WINID(win), name, action);
  	free(name);
  #endif
  	if (win == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	if (state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN].atom)
  		flag = EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN;
  	else if (state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE].atom)
  		flag = EWMH_F_ABOVE;
  	else if (state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN].atom)
  		flag = EWMH_F_HIDDEN;
  	else if (state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT].atom ||
  	    state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ].atom)
  		flag = EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED;
  	else if (state == ewmh[_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL].atom)
  		flag = SWM_F_MANUAL;
  	else if (state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER].atom)
  		flag = EWMH_F_SKIP_PAGER;
  	else if (state == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR].atom)
  		flag = EWMH_F_SKIP_TASKBAR;
  
  	/* Disallow unfloating transients. */
  	if (TRANS(win) && flag == EWMH_F_ABOVE)
  		goto out;
  
  	new_flags = win->ewmh_flags;
  
  	switch (action) {
  	case _NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE:
  		new_flags &= ~flag;
  		break;
  	case _NET_WM_STATE_ADD:
  		new_flags |= flag;
  		break;
  	case _NET_WM_STATE_TOGGLE:
  		new_flags ^= flag;
  		break;
  	}
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(win, new_flags);
  
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_apply_flags(struct ws_win *win, uint32_t pending)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	uint32_t		changed;
  	bool			dofocus;
  
  	changed = win->ewmh_flags ^ pending;
  	if (changed == 0)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "pending: %u\n", pending);
  
  	win->ewmh_flags = pending;
  	ws = win->ws;
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(win->s));
  
  	if (changed & EWMH_F_HIDDEN) {
  		if (ICONIC(win)) {
  			if (dofocus)
  				ws->focus_pending =
  				    get_focus_magic(get_focus_other(win));
  
  			unfocus_win(win);
  			unmap_window(win);
  		} else {
  			/* Reload floating geometry in case region changed. */
  			if (FLOATING(win))
  				load_float_geom(win);
  
  			/* The window is no longer iconic, prepare focus. */
  			if (dofocus)
  				ws->focus_pending = get_focus_magic(win);
  			raise_window(win);
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (changed & EWMH_F_ABOVE) {
  		if (ws->cur_layout != &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK]) {
  			if (ABOVE(win))
  				load_float_geom(win);
  			else if (!MAXIMIZED(win))
  				store_float_geom(win);
  
  			win->ewmh_flags &= ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED;
  			changed &= ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED;
  			raise_window(win);
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  		} else {
  			/* Revert. */
  			win->ewmh_flags ^= EWMH_F_ABOVE & pending;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (changed & EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED) {
  		/* VERT and/or HORZ changed. */
  		if (ABOVE(win)) {
  			if (!MAXIMIZED(win))
  				load_float_geom(win);
  			else
  				store_float_geom(win);
  		}
  
  		if (MAXIMIZED(win)) {
  			if (dofocus &&
  			    ws->cur_layout != &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK]) {
  				if (WS_FOCUSED(ws))
  					focus_win(win);
  				else
  					ws->focus_pending = win;
  			}
  		}
  
  		draw_frame(win);
  		raise_window_related(win);
  		update_stacking(win->s);
  	}
  
  	if (changed & EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN) {
  		if (FULLSCREEN(win)) {
  			if (dofocus) {
  				if (WS_FOCUSED(ws))
  					focus_win(win);
  				else
  					ws->focus_pending = win;
  			}
  		} else {
  			load_float_geom(win);
  		}
  
  		win->ewmh_flags &= ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED;
  		raise_window(win);
  		update_win_stacking(win);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_update_wm_state(struct  ws_win *win) {
  	xcb_atom_t		vals[SWM_EWMH_ACTION_COUNT_MAX];
  	int			n = 0;
  
  	if (ICONIC(win))
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN].atom;
  	if (FULLSCREEN(win))
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN].atom;
  	if (MAXIMIZED_VERT(win))
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT].atom;
  	if (MAXIMIZED_HORZ(win))
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ].atom;
  	if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_SKIP_PAGER)
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER].atom;
  	if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_SKIP_TASKBAR)
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR].atom;
  	if (win->ewmh_flags & EWMH_F_ABOVE)
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE].atom;
  	if (win->ewmh_flags & SWM_F_MANUAL)
  		vals[n++] = ewmh[_SWM_WM_STATE_MANUAL].atom;
  
  	if (n > 0)
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id,
  		    ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, n, vals);
  	else
  		xcb_delete_property(conn, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom);
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_get_wm_state(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_atom_t			*states;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*r;
  	int				i, n;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	win->ewmh_flags = 0;
  
  	c = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom,
  	    XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 0, UINT32_MAX);
  	r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	states = xcb_get_property_value(r);
  	n = xcb_get_property_value_length(r) / sizeof(xcb_atom_t);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
  		ewmh_change_wm_state(win, states[i], _NET_WM_STATE_ADD);
  
  	free(r);
  }
  
  /* events */
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void
  dumpwins(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct workspace			*ws;
  	struct ws_win				*w;
  	uint32_t				state;
  	xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t	*wa;
  	int					i;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if (r->ws == NULL) {
  		DPRINTF("dumpwins: invalid workspace\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	DPRINTF("=== focus information ===\n");
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; ++i) {
  		ws = &r->s->ws[i];
  		DPRINTF("ws %02d focus: 0x%08x, focus_pending: 0x%08x, "
  		    "focus_prev: 0x%08x, focus_raise: 0x%08x\n", i,
  		    WINID(ws->focus), WINID(ws->focus_pending),
  		    WINID(ws->focus_prev), WINID(ws->focus_raise));
  	}
  
  	DPRINTF("=== managed window list ws %02d ===\n", r->ws->idx);
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &r->ws->winlist, entry) {
  		state = get_win_state(w->id);
  		c = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, w->id);
  		wa = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  		if (wa) {
  			DPRINTF("win %#x (%#x), map_state: %d, state: %u, "
  			    "transient: %#x\n", w->frame, w->id, wa->map_state,
  			    state, w->transient);
  			free(wa);
  		} else
  			DPRINTF("win %#x, failed xcb_get_window_attributes\n",
  			    w->id);
  	}
  
  	DPRINTF("=== stacking order (top down) === \n");
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &r->ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  		DPRINTF("win %#x (%#x), fs: %s, maximized: %s, above: %s, "
  		    "iconic: %s\n", w->frame, w->id, YESNO(FULLSCREEN(w)),
  		    YESNO(MAXIMIZED(w)), YESNO(ABOVE(w)), YESNO(ICONIC(w)));
  	}
  
  	DPRINTF("=================================\n");
  }
  
  void
  debug_toggle(struct binding *b, struct swm_region *r, union arg *s)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	int			num_screens, i, j;
  
  	/* Suppress warnings. */
  	(void)b;
  	(void)r;
  	(void)s;
  
  	debug_enabled = !debug_enabled;
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "debug_enabled: %s\n", YESNO(debug_enabled));
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
  				debug_refresh(win);
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  void
  debug_refresh(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	XftDraw			*draw;
  	XGlyphInfo		info;
  	GC			l_draw;
  	XGCValues		l_gcv;
  	XRectangle		l_ibox, l_lbox = {0, 0, 0, 0};
  	xcb_rectangle_t		rect;
  	size_t			len;
  	uint32_t		wc[4], mask, width, height, gcv[1];
  	int			widx, sidx;
  	char			*s;
  
  	if (debug_enabled) {
  		/* Create debug window if it doesn't exist. */
  		if (win->debug == XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
  			win->debug = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  			wc[0] = win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel;
  			wc[1] = win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER].pixel;
  			wc[2] = win->s->colormap;
  
  			xcb_create_window(conn, win->s->depth, win->debug,
  			    win->frame, 0, 0, 10, 10, 1,
  			    XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, win->s->visual,
  			    XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL |
  			    XCB_CW_COLORMAP, wc);
  
  			xcb_map_window(conn, win->debug);
  		}
  
  		/* Determine workspace window list index. */
  		widx = 0;
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &win->ws->winlist, entry) {
  			++widx;
  			if (w == win)
  				break;
  		}
  
  		/* Determine stacking index (top down). */
  		sidx = 0;
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &win->ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  			++sidx;
  			if (w == win)
  				break;
  		}
  
  		if (asprintf(&s, "%#x f:%#x wl:%d s:%d visual: %#x "
  		    "colormap: %#x im: %s", win->id, win->frame, widx, sidx,
  		    win->s->visual, win->s->colormap,
  		    get_win_input_model(win)) == -1)
  			return;
  
  		len = strlen(s);
  
  		/* Update window to an appropriate dimension. */
  		if (bar_font_legacy) {
  			TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, s, len, &l_ibox, &l_lbox);
  			width = l_lbox.width + 4;
  			height = bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height + 4;
  		} else {
  			XftTextExtentsUtf8(display, bar_xftfonts[0],
  			    (FcChar8 *)s, len, &info);
  			width = info.xOff + 4;
  			height = bar_xftfonts[0]->height + 4;
  		}
  
  		mask = XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y |
  		    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT;
  		if (win->bordered)
  			wc[0] = wc[1] = border_width;
  		else
  			wc[0] = wc[1] = 0;
  
  		wc[2] = width;
  		wc[3] = height;
  
  		xcb_configure_window(conn, win->debug, mask, wc);
  
  		/* Draw a filled rectangle to 'clear' window. */
  		rect.x = 0;
  		rect.y = 0;
  		rect.width = width;
  		rect.height = height;
  
  		gcv[0] = win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel;
  		xcb_change_gc(conn, win->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, gcv);
  		xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, win->debug, win->s->gc, 1, &rect);
  
  		/* Draw text. */
  		if (bar_font_legacy) {
  			l_gcv.graphics_exposures = 0;
  			l_draw = XCreateGC(display, win->debug, 0, &l_gcv);
  
  			XSetForeground(display, l_draw,
  			    win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT].pixel);
  
  			DRAWSTRING(display, win->debug, bar_fs, l_draw, 2,
  			    (bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height -
  			    l_lbox.height) / 2 - l_lbox.y, s, len);
  
  			XFreeGC(display, l_draw);
  		} else {
  			draw = XftDrawCreate(display, win->debug,
  			    win->s->xvisual, win->s->colormap);
  
  			XftDrawStringUtf8(draw, &bar_fg_colors[0],
  			    bar_xftfonts[0], 2, (bar_height +
  			    bar_xftfonts[0]->height) / 2 -
  			    bar_xftfonts[0]->descent, (FcChar8 *)s, len);
  
  			XftDrawDestroy(draw);
  		}
  
  		free(s);
  	} else if (win->debug != XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
  			xcb_destroy_window(conn, win->debug);
  			win->debug = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	}
  }
  #else
  void
  dumpwins(struct binding *b, struct swm_region *r, union arg *s)
  {
  	(void)b;
  	(void)r;
  	(void)s;
  }
  
  void
  debug_toggle(struct binding *b, struct swm_region *r, union arg *s)
  {
  	(void)b;
  	(void)r;
  	(void)s;
  }
  #endif /* SWM_DEBUG */
  
  void
  sighdlr(int sig)
  {
  	int			saved_errno, status;
  	pid_t			pid;
  
  	saved_errno = errno;
  
  	switch (sig) {
  	case SIGCHLD:
  		while ((pid = waitpid(WAIT_ANY, &status, WNOHANG)) != 0) {
  			if (pid == -1) {
  				if (errno == EINTR)
  					continue;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  				if (errno != ECHILD)
  					warn("sighdlr: waitpid");
  #endif /* SWM_DEBUG */
  				break;
  			}
  			if (pid == searchpid)
  				search_resp = 1;
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  			if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
  				if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
  					warnx("sighdlr: child exit status: %d",
  					    WEXITSTATUS(status));
  			} else
  				warnx("sighdlr: child is terminated "
  				    "abnormally");
  #endif /* SWM_DEBUG */
  		}
  		break;
  
  	case SIGHUP:
  		restart_wm = 1;
  		break;
  	case SIGINT:
  	case SIGTERM:
  	case SIGQUIT:
  		running = 0;
  		break;
  	}
  
  	errno = saved_errno;
  }
  
  struct pid_e *
  find_pid(pid_t pid)
  {
  	struct pid_e		*p = NULL;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "pid: %d\n", pid);
  
  	if (pid == 0)
  		return (NULL);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &pidlist, entry) {
  		if (p->pid == pid)
  			return (p);
  	}
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  uint32_t
  name_to_pixel(struct swm_screen *s, const char *colorname)
  {
  	uint32_t			result = 0;
  	char				cname[32] = "#";
  	xcb_alloc_color_reply_t		*cr;
  	xcb_alloc_named_color_reply_t	*nr;
  	uint16_t			rr, gg, bb;
  
  	/* color is in format rgb://rr/gg/bb */
  	if (strncmp(colorname, "rgb:", 4) == 0) {
  		if (parse_rgb(colorname, &rr, &gg, &bb) == -1)
  			warnx("could not parse rgb %s", colorname);
  		else {
  			cr = xcb_alloc_color_reply(conn,
  			    xcb_alloc_color(conn, s->colormap, rr, gg, bb),
  			    NULL);
  			if (cr) {
  				result = cr->pixel;
  				free(cr);
  			} else
  				warnx("color '%s' not found", colorname);
  		}
  	} else {
  		nr = xcb_alloc_named_color_reply(conn,
  		    xcb_alloc_named_color(conn, s->colormap, strlen(colorname),
  		    colorname), NULL);
  		if (nr == NULL) {
  			strlcat(cname, colorname + 2, sizeof cname - 1);
  			nr = xcb_alloc_named_color_reply(conn,
  			    xcb_alloc_named_color(conn, s->colormap,
  			    strlen(cname), cname), NULL);
  		}
  		if (nr) {
  			result = nr->pixel;
  			free(nr);
  		} else
  			warnx("color '%s' not found", colorname);
  	}
  
  	return (result);
  }
  
  void
  setscreencolor(const char *val, int i, int c)
  {
  	if (i < 0 || i >= get_screen_count())
  		return;
  
  	screens[i].c[c].pixel = name_to_pixel(&screens[i], val);
  	free(screens[i].c[c].name);
  	if ((screens[i].c[c].name = strdup(val)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "strdup");
  }
  
  void
  fancy_stacker(struct workspace *ws)
  {
  	strlcpy(ws->stacker, "[   ]", sizeof ws->stacker);
  	if (ws->cur_layout->l_stack == vertical_stack)
  		snprintf(ws->stacker, sizeof ws->stacker,
  		    ws->l_state.vertical_flip ? "[%d>%d]" : "[%d|%d]",
  		    ws->l_state.vertical_mwin, ws->l_state.vertical_stacks);
  	else if (ws->cur_layout->l_stack == horizontal_stack)
  		snprintf(ws->stacker, sizeof ws->stacker,
  		    ws->l_state.horizontal_flip ? "[%dv%d]" : "[%d-%d]",
  		    ws->l_state.horizontal_mwin, ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks);
  }
  
  void
  plain_stacker(struct workspace *ws)
  {
  	strlcpy(ws->stacker, stack_mark_max, sizeof ws->stacker);
  	if (ws->cur_layout->l_stack == vertical_stack)
  		strlcpy(ws->stacker, ws->l_state.vertical_flip ? stack_mark_vertical_flip : stack_mark_vertical,
  		    sizeof ws->stacker);
  	else if (ws->cur_layout->l_stack == horizontal_stack)
  		strlcpy(ws->stacker, ws->l_state.horizontal_flip ? stack_mark_horizontal_flip : stack_mark_horizontal,
  		    sizeof ws->stacker);
  }
  
  void
  socket_setnonblock(int fd)
  {
  	int			flags;
  
  	if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) == -1)
  		err(1, "fcntl F_GETFL");
  	flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
  	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) == -1)
  		err(1, "fcntl F_SETFL");
  }
  
  void
  bar_print_legacy(struct swm_region *r, const char *s)
  {
  	xcb_rectangle_t		rect;
  	uint32_t		gcv[1];
  	XGCValues		gcvd;
  	int			x = 0;
  	size_t			len;
  	XRectangle		ibox, lbox;
  	GC			draw;
  
  	len = strlen(s);
  	TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, s, len, &ibox, &lbox);
  
  	switch (bar_justify) {
  	case SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT:
  		x = SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  		break;
  	case SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_CENTER:
  		x = (WIDTH(r) - lbox.width) / 2;
  		break;
  	case SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_RIGHT:
  		x = WIDTH(r) - lbox.width - SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  		break;
  	}
  
  	if (x < SWM_BAR_OFFSET)
  		x = SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  
  	/* clear back buffer */
  	rect.x = 0;
  	rect.y = 0;
  	rect.width = WIDTH(r->bar);
  	rect.height = HEIGHT(r->bar);
  
  	gcv[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel;
  	xcb_change_gc(conn, r->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, gcv);
  	xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->s->gc, 1, &rect);
  
  	/* draw back buffer */
  	gcvd.graphics_exposures = 0;
  	draw = XCreateGC(display, r->bar->buffer, GCGraphicsExposures, &gcvd);
  	XSetForeground(display, draw, r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT].pixel);
  	DRAWSTRING(display, r->bar->buffer, bar_fs, draw,
  	    x, (bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height - lbox.height) / 2 -
  	    lbox.y, s, len);
  	XFreeGC(display, draw);
  
  	/* blt */
  	xcb_copy_area(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->bar->id, r->s->gc, 0, 0,
  	    0, 0, WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar));
  }
  
  void
  bar_print(struct swm_region *r, const char *s)
  {
  	size_t				len;
  	xcb_rectangle_t			rect;
  	uint32_t			gcv[1];
  	int32_t				x = 0;
  	XGlyphInfo			info;
  	XftDraw				*draw;
  
  	len = strlen(s);
  
  	XftTextExtentsUtf8(display, bar_xftfonts[0], (FcChar8 *)s, len, &info);
  
  	switch (bar_justify) {
  	case SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT:
  		x = SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  		break;
  	case SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_CENTER:
  		x = (WIDTH(r) - info.xOff) / 2;
  		break;
  	case SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_RIGHT:
  		x = WIDTH(r) - info.xOff - SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  		break;
  	}
  
  	if (x < SWM_BAR_OFFSET)
  		x = SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  
  	/* clear back buffer */
  	rect.x = 0;
  	rect.y = 0;
  	rect.width = WIDTH(r->bar);
  	rect.height = HEIGHT(r->bar);
  
  	gcv[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel;
  	xcb_change_gc(conn, r->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, gcv);
  	xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->s->gc, 1, &rect);
  
  	/* draw back buffer */
  	draw = XftDrawCreate(display, r->bar->buffer, r->s->xvisual,
  	    r->s->colormap);
  
  	XftDrawStringUtf8(draw, &bar_fg_colors[0], bar_xftfonts[0], x,
  	    (HEIGHT(r->bar) + bar_xftfonts[0]->height) / 2 -
  	    bar_xftfonts[0]->descent, (FcChar8 *)s, len);
  
  	XftDrawDestroy(draw);
  
  	/* blt */
  	xcb_copy_area(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->bar->id, r->s->gc, 0, 0,
  	    0, 0, WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar));
  }
  
  void
  bar_print_layout(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct text_fragment	*frag;
  	xcb_rectangle_t		rect;
  	XftDraw			*xft_draw = NULL;
  	GC			draw = 0;
  	XGCValues		gcvd;
  	uint32_t		gcv[1];
  	int			xpos, i, j;
  	int			bg, fg, fn, section_bg;
  	int 			space, usage, weight;
  
  	space =  WIDTH(r) - 2 * SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  	usage = 0;
  	weight = 0;
  
  	/* Parse markup sequences in each section  */
  	/* For the legacy font, just setup one text fragment  */
  	for (i = 0; i < numsect; i++) {
  		bar_parse_markup(bsect + i);
  		if (bsect[i].fit_to_text) {
  			bsect[i].width = bsect[i].text_width + 2 *
  			    SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  			usage += bsect[i].width;
  		} else
  			weight += bsect[i].weight;
  	}
  
  	/* Calculate width for each text justified section  */
  	space -= usage;
  	for (i = 0; i < numsect; i++)
  		if (!bsect[i].fit_to_text && weight > 0)
  			bsect[i].width = bsect[i].weight * space / weight;
  
  	/* Calculate starting position of each section and text */
  	xpos = 0;
  	for (i = 0; i < numsect; i++) {
  		bsect[i].start = xpos;
  		if (bsect[i].fit_to_text)
  			bsect[i].text_start = bsect[i].start + SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  		else {
  			if (bsect[i].justify == SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT)
  				bsect[i].text_start = bsect[i].start +
  				    SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  			else if (bsect[i].justify ==  SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_RIGHT)
  				bsect[i].text_start = bsect[i].start +
  				    bsect[i].width -
  				    bsect[i].text_width - SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  			else
  				bsect[i].text_start = bsect[i].start +
  				    (bsect[i].width - bsect[i].text_width) / 2;
  		}
  
  		/* Don't overflow text to the left */
  		if (bsect[i].text_start < (bsect[i].start + SWM_BAR_OFFSET))
  			bsect[i].text_start = bsect[i].start + SWM_BAR_OFFSET;
  
  		xpos += bsect[i].width;
  	}
  
  	/* Create drawing context */
  	if (bar_font_legacy) {
  		gcvd.graphics_exposures = 0;
  		draw = XCreateGC(display, r->bar->buffer, GCGraphicsExposures,
  		    &gcvd);
  	} else
  		xft_draw = XftDrawCreate(display, r->bar->buffer, r->s->xvisual,
  		    r->s->colormap);
  
  	/* Paint entire bar with default background color */
  	rect.x = 0;
  	rect.y = 0;
  	rect.width = WIDTH(r->bar);
  	rect.height = HEIGHT(r->bar);
  	gcv[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel;
  	xcb_change_gc(conn, r->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, gcv);
  	xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->s->gc, 1, &rect);
  
  	/* Display the text for each section */
  	for (i = 0; i < numsect; i++) {
  		rect.x = bsect[i].start;
  		rect.y = 0;
  		rect.width = bsect[i].width;
  		rect.height = HEIGHT(r->bar);
  
  		/* No space to draw that section */
  		if (rect.width < 1)
  			continue;
  
  		/* Paint background color of the section  */
  		section_bg = bsect[i].frag[0].bg;
  		gcv[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR+section_bg].pixel;
  		xcb_change_gc(conn, r->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, gcv);
  		xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->s->gc, 1,
  		    &rect);
  
  		/* No space to draw anything else */
  		if (rect.width < SWM_BAR_OFFSET)
  			continue;
  
  		/* Draw the text fragments in the current section */
  		xpos = bsect[i].text_start;
  		for (j = 0; j < bsect[i].nfrags; j++) {
  			frag = bsect[i].frag + j;
  			fn = frag->font;
  			fg = frag->fg;
  			bg = frag->bg;
  
  			/* Paint background color of the text fragment  */
  			if (bg != section_bg) {
  				rect.x = xpos;
  				rect.width = frag->width;
  				gcv[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR+bg].pixel;
  				xcb_change_gc(conn, r->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND,
  				    gcv);
  				xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, r->bar->buffer,
  				    r->s->gc, 1, &rect);
  			}
  
  			/* Draw text  */
  			if (bar_font_legacy) {
  				XSetForeground(display, draw,
  				    r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT+fg].pixel);
  				DRAWSTRING(display, r->bar->buffer, bar_fs,
  				    draw, xpos,
  				    (bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height
  				    - bsect[i].height) / 2 - bsect[i].ypos,
  				    frag->text, frag->length);
  			} else {
  				XftDrawStringUtf8(xft_draw, &bar_fg_colors[fg],
  				    bar_xftfonts[fn], xpos, (HEIGHT(r->bar) +
  				    bar_xftfonts[fn]->height) / 2 -
  				    bar_xftfonts[fn]->descent,
  				    (FcChar8 *)frag->text, frag->length);
  			}
  
  			xpos += frag->width;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (bar_font_legacy)
  		XFreeGC(display, draw);
  	else
  		XftDrawDestroy(xft_draw);
  
  	/* blt */
  	xcb_copy_area(conn, r->bar->buffer, r->bar->id, r->s->gc, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  	    WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar));
  }
  
  void
  bar_extra_stop(void)
  {
  	if (bar_pipe[0]) {
  		close(bar_pipe[0]);
  		bzero(bar_pipe, sizeof bar_pipe);
  	}
  	if (bar_pid) {
  		kill(bar_pid, SIGTERM);
  		bar_pid = 0;
  	}
  	strlcpy(bar_ext, "", sizeof bar_ext);
  	bar_extra = false;
  }
  
  void
  bar_window_class(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  	if (r->ws->focus->ch.class_name != NULL)
  		bar_strlcat_esc(s, r->ws->focus->ch.class_name, sz);
  }
  
  void
  bar_window_instance(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  	if (r->ws->focus->ch.instance_name != NULL)
  		bar_strlcat_esc(s, r->ws->focus->ch.instance_name, sz);
  }
  
  void
  bar_window_class_instance(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	bar_window_class(s, sz, r);
  	strlcat(s, ":", sz);
  	bar_window_instance(s, sz, r);
  }
  
  void
  bar_window_state(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	if (r == NULL || r ->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  	if (MAXIMIZED(r->ws->focus))
  		strlcat(s, "(m)", sz);
  	else if (ABOVE(r->ws->focus))
  		strlcat(s, "(f)", sz);
  }
  
  void
  bar_window_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	char		*title;
  
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	title = get_win_name(r->ws->focus->id);
  	bar_strlcat_esc(s, title, sz);
  	free(title);
  }
  
  bool
  get_urgent(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_icccm_wm_hints_t		hints;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	c;
  	bool				urgent = false;
  
  	if (win) {
  		c = xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints(conn, win->id);
  		if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints_reply(conn, c, &hints, NULL))
  			urgent = xcb_icccm_wm_hints_get_urgency(&hints);
  	}
  
  	return (urgent);
  }
  
  void
  bar_urgent(char *s, size_t sz)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	int			i, j, num_screens, urgent[SWM_WS_MAX];
  	char			b[8];
  
  	memset(&urgent, 0, sizeof(urgent));
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
  				if (get_urgent(win))
  					urgent[j] = 1;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++) {
  		if (urgent[i]) {
  			snprintf(b, sizeof b, "%d ", i + 1);
  			strlcat(s, b, sz);
  		} else if (!urgent_collapse) {
  			strlcat(s, "- ", sz);
  		}
  	}
  	if (urgent_collapse && s[0])
  		s[strlen(s) - 1] = 0;
  }
  
  void
  bar_workspace_indicator(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	int		 	 i, count = 0;
  	char			 tmp[SWM_BAR_MAX], *mark;
  	bool			 current, active, named, urgent, collapse;
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++) {
  		ws = &r->s->ws[i];
  
  		current = (ws == r->ws);
  		named = (ws->name != NULL);
  		urgent = false;
  		active = false;
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry) {
  			active = true;
  			/* Only get urgent if needed. */
  			if (!(workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_LISTURGENT ||
  			    workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKURGENT) ||
  			    (urgent = get_urgent(w)))
  				break;
  		}
  
  		collapse = !(workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKCURRENT ||
  		    workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKURGENT);
  
  		if (!(current && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_HIDECURRENT) &&
  		    ((current && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_LISTCURRENT) ||
  		    (active && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_LISTACTIVE) ||
  		    (!active && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_LISTEMPTY) ||
  		    (urgent && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_LISTURGENT) ||
  		    (named && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_LISTNAMED))) {
  			if (count > 0)
  				strlcat(s, " ", sz);
  
  			if (current && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKCURRENT)
  				mark = workspace_mark_current;
  			else if (urgent && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKURGENT)
  				mark = workspace_mark_urgent;
  			else if (active && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKACTIVE)
  				mark = workspace_mark_active;
  			else if (!active && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_MARKEMPTY)
  				mark = workspace_mark_empty;
  			else if (!collapse)
  				mark = " ";
  			else
  				mark = "";
  			strlcat(s, mark, sz);
  
  			if (named && workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_PRINTNAMES){
  				snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d:%s", ws->idx + 1,
  				    ws->name);
  			if (named && workspace_indicator &
  							SWM_WSI_NOINDEXES)
  				snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", ws->name);
  			}
        else if (workspace_indicator & SWM_WSI_NOINDEXES)
  				snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", " ");
  			else
  				snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", ws->idx + 1);
  			strlcat(s, tmp, sz);
  			count++;
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  void
  bar_workspace_name(char *s, size_t sz, struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
  		return;
  	if (r->ws->name != NULL)
  		bar_strlcat_esc(s, r->ws->name, sz);
  }
  
  /* build the default bar format according to the defined enabled options */
  void
  bar_fmt(const char *fmtexp, char *fmtnew, struct swm_region *r, size_t sz)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  
  	/* if format provided, just copy the buffers */
  	if (bar_format != NULL) {
  		strlcpy(fmtnew, fmtexp, sz);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	/* reset the output buffer */
  	*fmtnew = '\0';
  
  	strlcat(fmtnew, "+N:+I ", sz);
  	if (stack_enabled)
  		strlcat(fmtnew, "+S", sz);
  	strlcat(fmtnew, " ", sz);
  
  	/* only show the workspace name if there's actually one */
  	if (r != NULL && r->ws != NULL && r->ws->name != NULL)
  		strlcat(fmtnew, "<+D>", sz);
  
  	/* If enabled, only show the iconic count if there are iconic wins. */
  	if (iconic_enabled && r != NULL && r->ws != NULL)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &r->ws->winlist, entry)
  			if (ICONIC(w)) {
  				strlcat(fmtnew, "{+M}", sz);
  				break;
  			}
  
  	strlcat(fmtnew, "+3<", sz);
  
  	if (clock_enabled) {
  		strlcat(fmtnew, fmtexp, sz);
  		strlcat(fmtnew, "+4<", sz);
  	}
  
  	/* bar_urgent already adds the space before the last asterisk */
  	if (urgent_enabled)
  		strlcat(fmtnew, (urgent_collapse ? "*+U*+4<" : "* +U*+4<"), sz);
  
  	if (window_class_enabled) {
  		strlcat(fmtnew, "+C", sz);
  		if (!window_instance_enabled)
  			strlcat(fmtnew, "+4<", sz);
  	}
  
  	/* checks needed by the colon and floating strlcat(3) calls below */
  	if (r != NULL && r->ws != NULL && r->ws->focus != NULL) {
  		if (window_instance_enabled) {
  			if (window_class_enabled)
  				strlcat(fmtnew, ":", sz);
  			strlcat(fmtnew, "+T+4<", sz);
  		}
  		if (window_name_enabled) {
  			if (ABOVE(r->ws->focus) || MAXIMIZED(r->ws->focus))
  				strlcat(fmtnew, "+F ", sz);
  			strlcat(fmtnew, "+64W ", sz);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* finally add the action script output and the version */
  	strlcat(fmtnew, "+4<+A+4<+V", sz);
  }
  
  void
  bar_replace_pad(char *tmp, int *limit, size_t sz)
  {
  	/* special case; no limit given, pad one space, instead */
  	if (*limit == (int)sz - 1)
  		*limit = 1;
  	snprintf(tmp, sz, "%*s", *limit, " ");
  }
  
  /* replaces the bar format character sequences (like in tmux(1)) */
  char *
  bar_replace_seq(char *fmt, char *fmtrep, struct swm_region *r, size_t *offrep,
      size_t sz)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	char			*ptr, *cur = fmt;
  	char			tmp[SWM_BAR_MAX];
  	int			limit, size, count;
  	size_t			len;
  	int			pre_padding = 0;
  	int			post_padding = 0;
  	int			padding_len = 0;
  
  	/* Reset replace buffer. */
  	bzero(tmp, sizeof tmp);
  
  	cur++;
  	/* determine if pre-padding is requested */
  	if (*cur == '_') {
  		pre_padding = 1;
  		cur++;
  	}
  
  	/* get number, if any */
  	size = 0;
  	if (sscanf(cur, "%d%n", &limit, &size) != 1)
  		limit = sizeof tmp - 1;
  	if (limit <= 0 || limit >= (int)sizeof tmp)
  		limit = sizeof tmp - 1;
  
  	cur += size;
  
  	/* determine if post padding is requested */
  	if (*cur == '_') {
  		post_padding = 1;
  		cur++;
  	}
  
  	/* character sequence */
  	switch (*cur) {
  	case '+':
  		strlcpy(tmp, "+", sizeof tmp);
  		break;
  	case '<':
  		bar_replace_pad(tmp, &limit, sizeof tmp);
  		break;
  	case 'A':
  		if (bar_action_expand)
  			snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", bar_ext);
  		else
  			bar_strlcat_esc(tmp, bar_ext, sizeof tmp);
  		break;
  	case 'C':
  		bar_window_class(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	case 'D':
  		bar_workspace_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	case 'F':
  		bar_window_state(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	case 'I':
  		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", r->ws->idx + 1);
  		break;
  	case 'L':
  		bar_workspace_indicator(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	case 'M':
  		count = 0;
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &r->ws->winlist, entry)
  			if (ICONIC(w))
  				++count;
  
  		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", count);
  		break;
  	case 'N':
  		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", r->s->idx + 1);
  		break;
  	case 'P':
  		bar_window_class_instance(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	case 'R':
  	        snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", get_region_index(r) + 1);
  	        break;
  	case 'S':
  		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", r->ws->stacker);
  		break;
  	case 'T':
  		bar_window_instance(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	case 'U':
  		bar_urgent(tmp, sizeof tmp);
  		break;
  	case 'V':
  		snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%s", bar_vertext);
  		break;
  	case 'W':
  		bar_window_name(tmp, sizeof tmp, r);
  		break;
  	default:
  		/* Unknown character sequence or EOL; copy as-is. */
  		strlcpy(tmp, fmt, cur - fmt + 2);
  		break;
  	}
  
  	len = strlen(tmp);
  
  	/* calculate the padding lengths */
  	padding_len = limit - (int)len;
  	if (padding_len > 0) {
  		limit = len;
  
  		if (pre_padding)
  			pre_padding = padding_len / (pre_padding +
  			    post_padding);
  		if (post_padding)
  			post_padding = padding_len - pre_padding;
  	} else {
  		pre_padding = 0;
  		post_padding = 0;
  	}
  
  	/* do pre padding */
  	while (pre_padding-- > 0) {
  		if (*offrep >= sz - 1)
  			break;
  		fmtrep[(*offrep)++] = ' ';
  	}
  
  	ptr = tmp;
  	while (limit-- > 0) {
  		if (*offrep >= sz - 1)
  			break;
  		fmtrep[(*offrep)++] = *ptr++;
  	}
  
  	/* do post padding */
  	while (post_padding-- > 0) {
  		if (*offrep >= sz - 1)
  			break;
  		fmtrep[(*offrep)++] = ' ';
  	}
  
  	if (*cur != '\0')
  		cur++;
  
  	return (cur);
  }
  
  void
  bar_replace_action(char *fmt, char *fmtact, struct swm_region *r, size_t sz)
  {
  	size_t		off;
  	char		*s;
  
  	off = 0;
  	while (*fmt != '\0') {
  		if (*fmt != '+') {
  			/* skip ordinary characters */
  			if (off >= sz - 1)
  				break;
  			fmtact[off++] = *fmt++;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* Find the first character after the padding */
  		s = fmt + 1;
  		while ((*s == '_') || ((*s >= '0') && (*s <= '9')))
  			s++;
  
  		if (*s == 'A') {
  			/* Replace the action script character sequence */
  			fmt = bar_replace_seq(fmt, fmtact, r, &off, sz);
  			if (off >= sz - 1)
  				break;
  		} else {
  			/* Copy '+' and the next character */
  			fmtact[off++] = *fmt++;
  			if (*fmt != '\0')
  				fmtact[off++] = *fmt++;
  		}
  	}
  
  	fmtact[off] = '\0';
  }
  
  void
  bar_strlcat_esc(char *dst, char *src, size_t sz)
  {
  	/* Find end of destination string */
  	while (*dst != '\0' && sz != 0) {
  		dst++;
  		sz--;
  	}
  
  	/* Concat string and escape every '+' */
  	while (*src != '\0' && sz > 1) {
  		if ((*src == '+') && (sz > 2)) {
  			*dst++ = '+';
  			sz--;
  		}
  		*dst++ = *src++;
  		sz--;
  	}
  	*dst = '\0';
  }
  
  void
  bar_replace(char *fmt, char *fmtrep, struct swm_region *r, size_t sz)
  {
  	size_t		off;
  	char		*s;
  
  	off = 0;
  	while (*fmt != '\0') {
  		if (*fmt != '+') {
  			/* skip ordinary characters */
  			if (off >= sz - 1)
  				break;
  			fmtrep[off++] = *fmt++;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* Find the first character after the padding */
  		s = fmt + 1;
  		while ((*s == '_') || ((*s >= '0') && (*s <= '9')))
  			s++;
  
  		if ((bar_action_expand) && (*s == 'A')) {
  			/* skip this character sequence */
  			fmt = s + 1;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* character sequence found; replace it */
  		fmt = bar_replace_seq(fmt, fmtrep, r, &off, sz);
  		if (off >= sz - 1)
  			break;
  	}
  
  	fmtrep[off] = '\0';
  }
  
  void
  bar_split_format(char *format)
  {
  	char *src, *dst;
  	int i = 0;
  
  	/* Count the number of sections in format */
  	numsect = 1;
  	src = format;
  	while (*src != '\0') {
  		if ((*src == '+') && (*(src+1) == '+'))
  			src++;
  		else if ((*src == '+') && (*(src+1) == '|')) {
  			if (src != format) numsect++;
  			src++;
  		}
  		src++;
  	}
  
  	/* Allocate the data structures for the bar sections */
  	if (numsect > maxsect) {
  		free(bsect);
  		if ((bsect = calloc(numsect, sizeof(struct bar_section)
  		   )) == NULL)
  			err(1, "bar_split_format: failed to calloc memory.");
  		maxsect = numsect;
  	}
  
  	/* Defaults for first section */
  	bsect[0].weight = 1;
  	bsect[0].justify = bar_justify;
  
  	/* split format into sections */
  	src = format;
  	dst = bsect[0].fmtsplit;
  	while (*src != '\0') {
  		if ((*src == '+') && (*(src+1) == '+')) {
  			*dst++ = *src++;
  			*dst++ = *src++;
  		} else if ((*src == '+') && (*(src+1) == '|')) {
  			if (src != format)
  				i++;
  			if (i == numsect)
  				break;
  
  			*dst = '\0';
  			dst = bsect[i].fmtsplit;
  			src += 2;
  
  			/* Set weight and justification */
  			bsect[i].weight = atoi(src);
  			if (bsect[i].weight == 0)
  				bsect[i].weight = 1;
  
  			while ((*src >= '0') && (*src <= '9'))
  				src++;
  
  			bsect[i].fit_to_text = false;
  			if (*src == 'T') {
  				bsect[i].fit_to_text = true;
  				src++;
  			} else if (*src == 'L') {
  				bsect[i].justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT;
  				src++;
  			} else if (*src == 'C') {
  				bsect[i].justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_CENTER;
  				src++;
  			} else if (*src == 'R') {
  				bsect[i].justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_RIGHT;
  				src++;
  			} else
  				bsect[i].justify = bar_justify;
  		} else
  			*dst++ = *src++;
  	}
  	while (*src != '\0')
  		*dst++ = *src++;
  
  	*dst = '\0';
  }
  
  bool
  is_valid_markup(char *f, size_t *size)
  {
  	char *s = f;
  	int n;
  
  	*size = 0;
  	if (*s != '+')
  		return false;
  	s++;
  	if (*s != '@')
  		return false;
  	s++;
  	if ((*s == 'b') && (*(s+1) == 'g') && (*(s+2) == '=') && (*(s+3) >= '0')
  	    && (*(s+3) <= '9') && (*(s+4) == ';')) {
  		*size = 7;
  		n = (*(s+3) - '0');
  		if (n < num_bg_colors)
  			return true;
  		else
  			return false;
  	}
  
  	if ((*s == 'f') && (*(s+1) == 'g') && (*(s+2) == '=') && (*(s+3) >= '0')
  	    && (*(s+3) <= '9') && (*(s+4) == ';')) {
  		*size = 7;
  		n = (*(s+3) - '0');
  		if (n < num_fg_colors)
  			return true;
  		else
  			return false;
  	}
  
  	if ((*s == 'f') && (*(s+1) == 'n') && (*(s+2) == '=') && (*(s+3) >= '0')
  	    && (*(s+3) <= '9') && (*(s+4) == ';')) {
  		if (bar_font_legacy)
  			return false;
  		*size = 7;
  		n = (*(s+3) - '0');
  		if (n < num_xftfonts)
  			return true;
  		else
  			return false;
  	}
  
  	if ((*s == 's') && (*(s+1) == 't') && (*(s+2) == 'p') &&
  	    (*(s+3) == ';')) {
  		*size = 6;
  		return true;
  	}
  
  	return false;
  }
  
  void
  bar_parse_markup(struct bar_section *sect)
  {
  	XRectangle		ibox, lbox;
  	XGlyphInfo		info;
  	int 			i = 0, len = 0, stop = 0;
  	int			idx, prevfont;
  	char			*fmt;
  	unsigned char		*u1, *u2;
  	struct text_fragment	*frag;
  	size_t			size;
  
  	sect->text_width = 0;
  	sect->nfrags = 0;
  	frag = sect->frag;
  	frag[0].text = sect->fmtrep;
  	frag[0].length = 0;
  	frag[0].font = 0;
  	frag[0].width = 0;
  	frag[0].bg = 0;
  	frag[0].fg = 0;
  
  	if (bar_font_legacy) {
  		TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, sect->fmtrep, strlen(sect->fmtrep), &ibox,
  		    &lbox);
  		sect->height = lbox.height;
  		sect->ypos = lbox.y;
  	}
  
  	fmt = sect->fmtrep;
  	while (*fmt != '\0') {
  		/* Use special font for Unicode code points U+E000 - U+F8FF */
  		u1 = (unsigned char *)fmt;
  		u2 = (unsigned char *)(fmt+1);
  		if ((font_pua_index) && ((*u1 == 0xEE) || ((*u1 == 0xEF) &&
  		    (*u2 < 0xA4)))) {
  			if (len) {
  				/* Finish processing preceding fragment */
  				XftTextExtentsUtf8(display,
  				    bar_xftfonts[frag[i].font],
  				    (FcChar8 *)frag[i].text, len, &info);
  
  				frag[i].length = len;
  				frag[i].width = info.xOff;
  				sect->text_width += frag[i].width;
  				i++;
  				if (i == SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX)
  					break;
  				frag[i].font = frag[i-1].font;
  				frag[i].fg = frag[i-1].fg;
  				frag[i].bg = frag[i-1].bg;
  				len = 0;
  			}
  
  			prevfont = frag[i].font;
  			frag[i].font = font_pua_index;
  			frag[i].length = 3;
  			frag[i].text = fmt;
  
  			XftTextExtentsUtf8(display, bar_xftfonts[frag[i].font],
  			    (FcChar8 *)frag[i].text, frag[i].length, &info);
  
  			frag[i].width = info.xOff;
  			sect->text_width += frag[i].width;
  
  			fmt += frag[i].length;
  			i++;
  			if (i == SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX)
  				break;
  
  			frag[i].font = prevfont;
  			frag[i].fg = frag[i-1].fg;
  			frag[i].bg = frag[i-1].bg;
  			frag[i].text = fmt;
  			continue;
  		}
  		/* process markup code */
  		if ((*fmt == '+') && (*(fmt+1) == '@') && (!stop) &&
  			(is_valid_markup(fmt, &size))) {
  			if (len) {
  				/* Process preceding text fragment */
  				if (bar_font_legacy) {
  					TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, frag[i].text, len,
  					    &ibox, &lbox);
  					frag[i].width = lbox.width;
  				} else {
  					XftTextExtentsUtf8(display,
  					    bar_xftfonts[frag[i].font],
  					    (FcChar8 *)frag[i].text, len,
  					    &info);
  					frag[i].width = info.xOff;
  				}
  				frag[i].length = len;
  				sect->text_width += frag[i].width;
  				i++;
  				if (i == SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX)
  					break;
  				frag[i].font = frag[i-1].font;
  				frag[i].fg = frag[i-1].fg;
  				frag[i].bg = frag[i-1].bg;
  				len = 0;
  			}
  			idx = *(fmt+5) - '0';
  			if ((*(fmt+2) == 'f') && (*(fmt+3) == 'n'))
  				frag[i].font = idx;
  			else if ((*(fmt+2) == 'f') && (*(fmt+3) == 'g'))
  				frag[i].fg = idx;
  			else if ((*(fmt+2) == 'b') && (*(fmt+3) == 'g'))
  				frag[i].bg = idx;
  			else if ((*(fmt+2) == 's') && (*(fmt+3) == 't')
  			    && (*(fmt+4) == 'p'))
  				stop = 1;
  
  			*fmt = '\0';
  			fmt += size;
  			frag[i].text = fmt;
  			continue;
  		}
  		/* process escaped '+' */
  		if ((*fmt == '+') && (*(fmt+1) == '+') && (!stop)) {
  			len++;
  			fmt++;
  			*fmt = '\0';
  			if (bar_font_legacy) {
  				TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, frag[i].text, len,
  				    &ibox, &lbox);
  				frag[i].width = lbox.width;
  			} else {
  				XftTextExtentsUtf8(display,
  				    bar_xftfonts[frag[i].font],
  				    (FcChar8 *)frag[i].text, len,
  				    &info);
  				frag[i].width = info.xOff;
  			}
  			frag[i].length = len;
  			sect->text_width += frag[i].width;
  			len = 0;
  			fmt++;
  			i++;
  			if (i == SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX)
  				break;
  			frag[i].font = frag[i-1].font;
  			frag[i].fg = frag[i-1].fg;
  			frag[i].bg = frag[i-1].bg;
  			frag[i].text = fmt;
  			continue;
  		}
  		fmt++;
  		len++;
  	}
  	if ((len) && (i < SWM_TEXTFRAGS_MAX)) {
  		/* Process last text fragment */
  		if (bar_font_legacy) {
  			TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, frag[i].text, len, &ibox, &lbox);
  			frag[i].width = lbox.width;
  		} else {
  			XftTextExtentsUtf8(display, bar_xftfonts[frag[i].font],
  			    (FcChar8 *)frag[i].text, len, &info);
  			frag[i].width = info.xOff;
  		}
  		sect->text_width += frag[i].width;
  		frag[i].length = len;
  		i++;
  	}
  	sect->nfrags = i;
  }
  
  void
  bar_fmt_expand(char *fmtexp, size_t sz)
  {
  	char			*fmt = NULL;
  	size_t			len;
  	struct tm		tm;
  	time_t			tmt;
  
  	/* start by grabbing the current time and date */
  	time(&tmt);
  	localtime_r(&tmt, &tm);
  
  	/* figure out what to expand */
  	if (bar_format != NULL)
  		fmt = bar_format;
  	else if (bar_format == NULL && clock_enabled)
  		fmt = clock_format;
  	/* if nothing to expand bail out */
  	if (fmt == NULL) {
  		*fmtexp = '\0';
  		return;
  	}
  
  	/* copy as-is, just in case the format shouldn't be expanded below */
  	strlcpy(fmtexp, fmt, sz);
  	/* finally pass the string through strftime(3) */
  #ifndef SWM_DENY_CLOCK_FORMAT
  	if ((len = strftime(fmtexp, sz, fmt, &tm)) == 0)
  		warnx("format too long");
  	fmtexp[len] = '\0';
  #endif
  }
  
  /* Redraws a region bar; need to follow with xcb_flush() or focus_flush(). */
  void
  bar_draw(struct swm_bar *bar)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	char			fmtexp[SWM_BAR_MAX], fmtnew[SWM_BAR_MAX];
  	char			fmtact[SWM_BAR_MAX * 2];
  	int			i;
  
  	/* expand the format by first passing it through strftime(3) */
  	bar_fmt_expand(fmtexp, sizeof fmtexp);
  
  	if (bar == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	r = bar->r;
  
  	if (bar_enabled && r->ws->bar_enabled)
  		xcb_map_window(conn, bar->id);
  	else {
  		xcb_unmap_window(conn, bar->id);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (startup_exception) {
  		snprintf(fmtexp, sizeof fmtexp,
  		    "total exceptions: %u, first exception: %s",
  		    nr_exceptions, startup_exception);
  		if (bar_font_legacy)
  			bar_print_legacy(r, fmtexp);
  		else
  			bar_print(r, fmtexp);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	bar_fmt(fmtexp, fmtnew, r, sizeof fmtnew);
  	if (bar_action_expand) {
  		bar_replace_action(fmtnew, fmtact, r, sizeof fmtact);
  		bar_split_format(fmtact);
  	} else
  		bar_split_format(fmtnew);
  
  	for (i = 0;  i < numsect; i++)
  		bar_replace(bsect[i].fmtsplit, bsect[i].fmtrep, r,
  		    sizeof bsect[i].fmtrep);
  
  	bar_print_layout(r);
  }
  
  /*
   * Reads external script output; call when stdin is readable.
   * Returns 1 if bar_ext was updated; otherwise 0.
   */
  int
  bar_extra_update(void)
  {
  	size_t		len;
  	char		b[SWM_BAR_MAX];
  	bool		changed = false;
  
  	if (!bar_extra)
  		return (changed);
  
  	while (fgets(b, sizeof(b), stdin) != NULL) {
  		if (bar_enabled) {
  			len = strlen(b);
  			if (len > 0 && b[len - 1] == '\n') {
  				/* Remove newline. */
  				b[--len] = '\0';
  
  				/* "Clear" bar_ext. */
  				bar_ext[0] = '\0';
  
  				/* Flush buffered output. */
  				strlcpy(bar_ext, bar_ext_buf, sizeof(bar_ext));
  				bar_ext_buf[0] = '\0';
  
  				/* Append new output to bar. */
  				strlcat(bar_ext, b, sizeof(bar_ext));
  
  				changed = true;
  			} else {
  				/* Buffer output. */
  				strlcat(bar_ext_buf, b, sizeof(bar_ext_buf));
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (errno != EAGAIN) {
  		warn("bar_action failed");
  		bar_extra_stop();
  		changed = true;
  	}
  
  	return (changed);
  }
  
  void
  bar_toggle(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*tmpr;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)r;
  	(void)args;
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_BAR_TOGGLE_WS:
  		/* Only change if master switch is enabled. */
  		if (bar_enabled)
  			r->ws->bar_enabled = !r->ws->bar_enabled;
  		else
  			bar_enabled = r->ws->bar_enabled = true;
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "ws%d->bar_enabled: %s\n", r->ws->idx,
  		    YESNO(bar_enabled));
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_BAR_TOGGLE:
  		bar_enabled = !bar_enabled;
  		break;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "bar_enabled: %s\n", YESNO(bar_enabled));
  
  	/* update bars as necessary */
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(tmpr, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			if (tmpr->bar) {
  				if (bar_enabled && tmpr->ws->bar_enabled)
  					xcb_map_window(conn, tmpr->bar->id);
  				else
  					xcb_unmap_window(conn, tmpr->bar->id);
  			}
  
  	/* Restack all regions and redraw bar. */
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(tmpr, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
  			stack(tmpr);
  			bar_draw(tmpr->bar);
  		}
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  void
  bar_extra_setup(void)
  {
  	/* do this here because the conf file is in memory */
  	if (!bar_extra && bar_argv[0]) {
  		/* launch external status app */
  		bar_extra = true;
  		if (pipe(bar_pipe) == -1)
  			err(1, "pipe error");
  		socket_setnonblock(bar_pipe[0]);
  		socket_setnonblock(bar_pipe[1]); /* XXX hmmm, really? */
  
  		/* Set stdin to read from the pipe. */
  		if (dup2(bar_pipe[0], STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
  			err(1, "dup2");
  
  		/* Set stdout to write to the pipe. */
  		if (dup2(bar_pipe[1], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
  			err(1, "dup2");
  
  		if (signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR)
  			err(1, "could not disable SIGPIPE");
  		switch (bar_pid = fork()) {
  		case -1:
  			err(1, "cannot fork");
  			break;
  		case 0: /* child */
  			close(bar_pipe[0]);
  			execvp(bar_argv[0], bar_argv);
  			err(1, "%s external app failed", bar_argv[0]);
  			break;
  		default: /* parent */
  			close(bar_pipe[1]);
  			break;
  		}
  
  		atexit(kill_bar_extra_atexit);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  kill_bar_extra_atexit(void)
  {
  	if (bar_pid)
  		kill(bar_pid, SIGTERM);
  }
  
  bool
  isxlfd(char *s)
  {
  	int	 count = 0;
  
  	while ((s = index(s, '-'))) {
  		++count;
  		++s;
  	}
  
  	return (count == 14);
  }
  
  void
  fontset_init(void)
  {
  	char			*default_string;
  	char			**missing_charsets;
  	int			num_missing_charsets = 0;
  	int			i;
  
  	if (bar_fs) {
  		XFreeFontSet(display, bar_fs);
  		bar_fs = NULL;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "loading bar_fonts: %s\n", bar_fonts);
  
  	bar_fs = XCreateFontSet(display, bar_fonts, &missing_charsets,
  	    &num_missing_charsets, &default_string);
  
  	if (num_missing_charsets > 0) {
  		warnx("Unable to load charset(s):");
  
  		for (i = 0; i < num_missing_charsets; ++i)
  			warnx("%s", missing_charsets[i]);
  
  		XFreeStringList(missing_charsets);
  
  		if(bar_fs && default_string) {
  			if (strcmp(default_string, ""))
  				warnx("Glyphs from those sets will be replaced "
  				    "by '%s'.", default_string);
  			else
  				warnx("Glyphs from those sets won't be drawn.");
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (bar_fs == NULL)
  		errx(1, "Error creating font set structure.");
  
  	bar_fs_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(bar_fs);
  
  	bar_height = bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height +
  	    2 * bar_border_width;
  
  	if (bar_height < 1)
  		bar_height = 1;
  }
  
  void
  xft_init(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	XRenderColor	color;
  	int		i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < num_xftfonts; i++) {
  		bar_xftfonts[i] = XftFontOpenName(display, r->s->idx,
  		    bar_fontnames[i]);
  		if (bar_xftfonts[i] == NULL)
  			warnx("unable to load font %s", bar_fontnames[i]);
  	}
  
  	font_pua_index = 0;
  	if (bar_fontname_pua) {
  		bar_xftfonts[num_xftfonts] = XftFontOpenName(display,
  		    r->s->idx, bar_fontname_pua);
  		if (bar_xftfonts[i] == NULL)
  			warnx("unable to load font %s", bar_fontname_pua);
  		else
  			font_pua_index = num_xftfonts;
  	}
  
  	if (pledge("stdio proc exec", NULL) == -1)
  		err(1, "pledge");
  
  	for (i = 0; i < num_fg_colors; i++) {
  		PIXEL_TO_XRENDERCOLOR(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT+i].pixel,
  		    color);
  		if (!XftColorAllocValue(display, r->s->xvisual,
  		    r->s->colormap, &color, &bar_fg_colors[i]))
  			warn("Xft error: unable to allocate color.");
  	}
  
  	if (bar_xftfonts[0] != NULL)
  		bar_height = bar_xftfonts[0]->height + 2 * bar_border_width;
  
  	if (bar_height < 1)
  		bar_height = 1;
  }
  
  void
  bar_setup(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	uint32_t	 wa[4];
  	size_t		len;
  	char		*name;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "screen %d.\n", r->s->idx);
  
  	if (r->bar != NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if ((r->bar = calloc(1, sizeof(struct swm_bar))) == NULL)
  		err(1, "bar_setup: calloc: failed to allocate memory.");
  
  	if (bar_font_legacy)
  		fontset_init();
  	else
  		xft_init(r);
  
  	r->bar->r = r;
  	X(r->bar) = X(r);
  	Y(r->bar) = bar_at_bottom ? (Y(r) + HEIGHT(r) - bar_height) : Y(r);
  	WIDTH(r->bar) = WIDTH(r) - 2 * bar_border_width;
  	HEIGHT(r->bar) = bar_height - 2 * bar_border_width;
  
  	/* Assume region is unfocused when we create the bar. */
  	r->bar->id = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  	wa[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel;
  	wa[1] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER_UNFOCUS].pixel;
  	wa[2] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_LEAVE_WINDOW |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION_HINT |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE;
  	wa[3] = r->s->colormap;
  
  	xcb_create_window(conn, r->s->depth, r->bar->id, r->s->root,
  	    X(r->bar), Y(r->bar), WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar),
  	    bar_border_width, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
  	    r->s->visual, XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL
  	    | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK | XCB_CW_COLORMAP, wa);
  
  	/* Set class and title to make the bar window identifiable. */
  	xcb_icccm_set_wm_class(conn, r->bar->id,
  	    strlen(SWM_WM_CLASS_BAR) + strlen(SWM_WM_CLASS_INSTANCE) + 2,
  	    SWM_WM_CLASS_BAR "\0" SWM_WM_CLASS_INSTANCE "\0");
  
  	if (asprintf(&name, "Status Bar - Region %d - " SWM_WM_CLASS_INSTANCE,
  	    get_region_index(r) + 1) == -1)
  		err(1, "asprintf");
  	len = strlen(name);
  	xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, r->bar->id,
  	    XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME, XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8, len, name);
  	xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, r->bar->id,
  	    ewmh[_NET_WM_NAME].atom, a_utf8_string, 8, len, name);
  	free(name);
  
  	/* Stack bar window above region window to start. */
  	wa[0] = r->id;
  	wa[1] = XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE;
  
  	xcb_configure_window(conn, r->bar->id, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING |
  	    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, wa);
  
  	r->bar->buffer = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  	xcb_create_pixmap(conn, r->s->depth, r->bar->buffer, r->bar->id,
  	    WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar));
  
  	if (randr_support)
  		xcb_randr_select_input(conn, r->bar->id,
  		    XCB_RANDR_NOTIFY_MASK_OUTPUT_CHANGE);
  
  	if (bar_enabled)
  		xcb_map_window(conn, r->bar->id);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_BAR, "win %#x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d\n",
  	    WINID(r->bar), X(r->bar), Y(r->bar), WIDTH(r->bar), HEIGHT(r->bar));
  
  	bar_extra_setup();
  }
  
  void
  bar_cleanup(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	if (r->bar == NULL)
  		return;
  	xcb_destroy_window(conn, r->bar->id);
  	xcb_free_pixmap(conn, r->bar->buffer);
  	free(r->bar);
  	r->bar = NULL;
  }
  
  void
  set_win_state(struct ws_win *win, uint8_t state)
  {
  	uint32_t		data[2] = { state, XCB_ATOM_NONE };
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, state: %s(%u)\n", WINID(win),
  	    get_wm_state_label(state), state);
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id, a_state,
  	    a_state, 32, 2, data);
  }
  
  uint8_t
  get_win_state(xcb_window_t w)
  {
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*r;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	c;
  	uint32_t			result = 0;
  
  	c = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, w, a_state, a_state, 0L, 2L);
  	r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  	if (r) {
  		if (r->type == a_state && r->format == 32 && r->length == 2)
  			result = *((uint32_t *)xcb_get_property_value(r));
  		free(r);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "property: win %#x, state: %s(%u)\n",
  	    w, get_wm_state_label(result), result);
  	return (result);
  }
  
  void
  version(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*tmpr;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)r;
  	(void)args;
  
  	bar_version = !bar_version;
  	if (bar_version)
  		snprintf(bar_vertext, sizeof bar_vertext,
  		    "Version: %s Build: %s", SPECTRWM_VERSION, buildstr);
  	else
  		strlcpy(bar_vertext, "", sizeof bar_vertext);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(tmpr, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
  			bar_draw(tmpr->bar);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  void
  client_msg(struct ws_win *win, xcb_atom_t a, xcb_timestamp_t t)
  {
  	xcb_client_message_event_t	ev;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	char				*name;
  #endif
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	name = get_atom_name(a);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, atom: %s(%u), time: %#x\n",
  	    win->id, name, a, t);
  	free(name);
  #endif
  
  	bzero(&ev, sizeof ev);
  	ev.response_type = XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE;
  	ev.window = win->id;
  	ev.type = a_prot;
  	ev.format = 32;
  	ev.data.data32[0] = a;
  	ev.data.data32[1] = t;
  
  	xcb_send_event(conn, 0, win->id,
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_NO_EVENT, (const char *)&ev);
  }
  
  /* synthetic response to a ConfigureRequest when not making a change */
  void
  config_win(struct ws_win *win, xcb_configure_request_event_t *ev)
  {
  	xcb_configure_notify_event_t ce;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	/* send notification of unchanged state. */
  	bzero(&ce, sizeof(ce));
  	ce.response_type = XCB_CONFIGURE_NOTIFY;
  	ce.x = X(win);
  	ce.y = Y(win);
  	ce.width = WIDTH(win);
  	ce.height = HEIGHT(win);
  	ce.border_width = 0;
  	ce.override_redirect = 0;
  
  	if (ev == NULL) {
  		/* EWMH */
  		ce.event = win->id;
  		ce.window = win->id;
  		ce.above_sibling = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	} else {
  		/* normal */
  		ce.event = ev->window;
  		ce.window = ev->window;
  
  		/* make response appear more WM_SIZE_HINTS-compliant */
  		if (win->sh.flags) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "hints: win %#x, sh.flags: %u, "
  			    "min: %d x %d, max: %d x %d, inc: %d x %d\n",
  			    win->id, win->sh.flags, SH_MIN_W(win),
  			    SH_MIN_H(win), SH_MAX_W(win), SH_MAX_H(win),
  			    SH_INC_W(win), SH_INC_H(win));
  		}
  
  		/* min size */
  		if (SH_MIN(win)) {
  			/* the hint may be set... to 0! */
  			if (SH_MIN_W(win) > 0 && ce.width < SH_MIN_W(win))
  				ce.width = SH_MIN_W(win);
  			if (SH_MIN_H(win) > 0 && ce.height < SH_MIN_H(win))
  				ce.height = SH_MIN_H(win);
  		}
  
  		/* max size */
  		if (SH_MAX(win)) {
  			/* may also be advertized as 0 */
  			if (SH_MAX_W(win) > 0 && ce.width > SH_MAX_W(win))
  				ce.width = SH_MAX_W(win);
  			if (SH_MAX_H(win) > 0 && ce.height > SH_MAX_H(win))
  				ce.height = SH_MAX_H(win);
  		}
  
  		/* resize increment. */
  		if (SH_INC(win)) {
  			if (SH_INC_W(win) > 1 && ce.width > SH_INC_W(win))
  				ce.width -= (ce.width - SH_MIN_W(win)) %
  				    SH_INC_W(win);
  			if (SH_INC_H(win) > 1 && ce.height > SH_INC_H(win))
  				ce.height -= (ce.height - SH_MIN_H(win)) %
  				    SH_INC_H(win);
  		}
  
  		/* adjust x and y for requested border_width. */
  		ce.x += ev->border_width;
  		ce.y += ev->border_width;
  
  		ce.above_sibling = ev->sibling;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "ewmh: %s, win %#x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d, "
  	    "border: %d\n", YESNO(ev == NULL), win->id, ce.x, ce.y, ce.width,
  	    ce.height, ce.border_width);
  
  	xcb_send_event(conn, 0, win->id, XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY,
  	    (char *)&ce);
  }
  
  int
  count_win(struct workspace *ws, uint32_t flags)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	int			count = 0;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (!(flags & SWM_COUNT_ICONIC) && ICONIC(win))
  			continue;
  		if (!(flags & SWM_COUNT_TILED) && !FLOATING(win))
  			continue;
  		if (!(flags & SWM_COUNT_FLOATING) && FLOATING(win))
  			continue;
  		count++;
  	}
  
  	return (count);
  }
  
  void
  quit(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)r;
  	(void)args;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "shutting down...\n");
  	running = 0;
  }
  
  void
  lower_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*target = NULL, *mainw;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  	mainw = find_main_window(win);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(target, &ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  		if (target == win || ICONIC(target))
  			continue;
  		if (ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])
  			break;
  		if (TRANS(win)) {
  			if (mainw == target || win == target->focus_redirect)
  				break;
  			if (mainw == find_main_window(target))
  				continue;
  		}
  		if (FULLSCREEN(target))
  			continue;
  		if (FULLSCREEN(win))
  			break;
  		if (MAXIMIZED(target))
  			continue;
  		if (MAXIMIZED(win))
  			break;
  		if (ABOVE(target) || TRANS(target))
  			continue;
  		if (ABOVE(win) || TRANS(win))
  			break;
  	}
  
  	/* Change stack position. */
  	TAILQ_REMOVE(&ws->stack, win, stack_entry);
  	if (target)
  		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(target, win, stack_entry);
  	else
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ws->stack, win, stack_entry);
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	if (swm_debug & SWM_D_STACK) {
  		DPRINTF("=== stacking order (top down) === \n");
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(target, &ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  			DPRINTF("win %#x, fs: %s, maximized: %s, above: %s, "
  			    "iconic: %s\n", target->id,
  			    YESNO(FULLSCREEN(target)), YESNO(MAXIMIZED(target)),
  			    YESNO(ABOVE(target)), YESNO(ICONIC(target)));
  		}
  	}
  #endif
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  raise_window_related(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w, *tmpw, *mainw;
  
  	/* Raise main window and any transients. */
  	mainw = find_main_window(win);
  	raise_window(mainw);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(w, &win->ws->stack, stack_entry, tmpw) {
  		if (w == mainw || ICONIC(w))
  			continue;
  
  		if (find_main_window(w) == mainw)
  			raise_window(w);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  raise_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*target = NULL, *mainw;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  	mainw = find_main_window(win);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(target, &ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  		if (target == win || ICONIC(target))
  			continue;
  		if (ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK] ||
  		    win == ws->focus_raise)
  			break;
  		if (TRANS(win) && (mainw == find_main_window(target)))
  			break;
  		if (FULLSCREEN(win))
  			break;
  		if (FULLSCREEN(target))
  			continue;
  		if (MAXIMIZED(win))
  			break;
  		if (MAXIMIZED(target))
  			continue;
  		if (ABOVE(win) || TRANS(win) ||
  		    (ws->focus == win && ws->always_raise))
  			break;
  		if (!ABOVE(target) && !TRANS(target))
  			break;
  	}
  
  	TAILQ_REMOVE(&ws->stack, win, stack_entry);
  	if (target)
  		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(target, win, stack_entry);
  	else
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ws->stack, win, stack_entry);
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	if (swm_debug & SWM_D_STACK) {
  		DPRINTF("=== stacking order (top down) === \n");
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(target, &ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  			DPRINTF("win %#x, fs: %s, maximized: %s, above: %s, "
  			    "iconic: %s\n", target->id,
  			    YESNO(FULLSCREEN(target)), YESNO(MAXIMIZED(target)),
  			    YESNO(ABOVE(target)), YESNO(ICONIC(target)));
  		}
  	}
  #endif
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  update_win_stacking(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*sibling;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  #endif
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	uint32_t		val[2];
  	bool			raised;
  
  	if (win == NULL || (r = win->ws->r) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (win->frame == XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x not reparented.\n", win->id);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	raised = (win->ws->focus == win && (win->ws->always_raise ||
  	    win == win->ws->focus_raise));
  
  	sibling = win;
  	while ((sibling = TAILQ_NEXT(sibling, stack_entry)))
  		if (!ICONIC(sibling))
  			break;
  
  	if (sibling && (FLOATING(win) == FLOATING(sibling) || raised))
  		val[0] = sibling->frame;
  	else if (FLOATING(win) || raised)
  		val[0] = r->bar->id;
  	else
  		val[0] = r->id;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x (%#x), sibling %#x\n",
  	    win->frame, win->id, val[0]);
  
  	val[1] = XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE;
  
  	xcb_configure_window(conn, win->frame, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING |
  	    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, val);
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &win->ws->winlist, entry)
  		debug_refresh(w);
  #endif
  }
  
  void
  map_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, mapped: %s\n",
  	    win->id, YESNO(win->mapped));
  
  	if (win->mapped)
  		return;
  
  	xcb_map_window(conn, win->frame);
  	xcb_map_window(conn, win->id);
  	set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL);
  	win->mapped = true;
  }
  
  void
  unmap_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, mapped: %s\n", win->id,
  	    YESNO(win->mapped));
  
  	if (!win->mapped)
  		return;
  
  	xcb_unmap_window(conn, win->id);
  	xcb_unmap_window(conn, win->frame);
  	set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC);
  	win->mapped = false;
  }
  
  void
  unmap_all(void)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	int			i, j, num_screens;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
  				unmap_window(win);
  }
  
  void
  fake_keypress(struct ws_win *win, xcb_keysym_t keysym, uint16_t modifiers)
  {
  	xcb_key_press_event_t	event;
  	xcb_keycode_t		*keycode;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	keycode = xcb_key_symbols_get_keycode(syms, keysym);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, keycode %u\n", win->id, *keycode);
  
  	bzero(&event, sizeof(event));
  	event.event = win->id;
  	event.root = win->s->root;
  	event.child = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	event.time = XCB_CURRENT_TIME;
  	event.event_x = X(win);
  	event.event_y = Y(win);
  	event.root_x = 1;
  	event.root_y = 1;
  	event.same_screen = 1;
  	event.detail = *keycode;
  	event.state = modifiers;
  
  	event.response_type = XCB_KEY_PRESS;
  	xcb_send_event(conn, 1, win->id,
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_PRESS, (const char *)&event);
  
  	event.response_type = XCB_KEY_RELEASE;
  	xcb_send_event(conn, 1, win->id,
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_RELEASE, (const char *)&event);
  
  	free(keycode);
  }
  
  void
  restart(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)r;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "%s\n", start_argv[0]);
  
  	shutdown_cleanup();
  
  	if (args && args->id == SWM_ARG_ID_RESTARTOFDAY)
  		unsetenv("SWM_STARTED");
  
  	execvp(start_argv[0], start_argv);
  	warn("execvp failed");
  	quit(NULL, NULL, NULL);
  }
  
  struct swm_region *
  get_pointer_region(struct swm_screen *s)
  {
  	struct swm_region		*r = NULL;
  	xcb_query_pointer_reply_t	*qpr;
  
  	qpr = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_query_pointer(conn, s->root), NULL);
  	if (qpr) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "pointer: (%d,%d)\n", qpr->root_x,
  		    qpr->root_y);
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &s->rl, entry)
  			if (X(r) <= qpr->root_x && qpr->root_x < MAX_X(r) &&
  			    Y(r) <= qpr->root_y && qpr->root_y < MAX_Y(r))
  				break;
  		free(qpr);
  	}
  
  	return (r);
  }
  
  struct ws_win *
  get_pointer_win(struct swm_screen *s)
  {
  	struct ws_win			*win = NULL;
  	xcb_query_pointer_reply_t	*qpr;
  
  	qpr = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_query_pointer(conn, s->root), NULL);
  	if (qpr) {
  		win = find_window(qpr->child);
  		free(qpr);
  	}
  
  	return (win);
  }
  
  void
  center_pointer(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct ws_win			*win;
  	xcb_window_t			dwinid;
  	int				dx, dy;
  #ifdef SWM_XCB_HAS_XINPUT
  	xcb_input_xi_get_client_pointer_reply_t		*gcpr;
  #endif
  
  	if (!warp_pointer || r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	win = r->ws->focus;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win && win->mapped) {
  		dwinid = win->frame;
  		dx = WIDTH(win) / 2;
  		dy = HEIGHT(win) / 2;
  	} else {
  		dwinid = r->id;
  		dx = WIDTH(r) / 2;
  		dy = HEIGHT(r) / 2;
  	}
  
  #ifdef SWM_XCB_HAS_XINPUT
  	if (xinput2_support) {
  		gcpr = xcb_input_xi_get_client_pointer_reply(conn,
  		    xcb_input_xi_get_client_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE), NULL);
  		if (gcpr)
  			/* XIWarpPointer takes FP1616. */
  			xcb_input_xi_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE, dwinid, 0, 0,
  			    0, 0, dx << 16, dy << 16, gcpr->deviceid);
  	} else {
  #endif
  		xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE, dwinid, 0, 0, 0, 0, dx, dy);
  #ifdef SWM_XCB_HAS_XINPUT
  	}
  #endif
  }
  
  struct swm_region *
  root_to_region(xcb_window_t root, int check)
  {
  	struct ws_win			*cfw;
  	struct swm_region		*r = NULL;
  	int				i, num_screens;
  	xcb_get_input_focus_reply_t	*gifr;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", root);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		if (screens[i].root == root)
  			break;
  
  	if (check & SWM_CK_REGION)
  		r = screens[i].r_focus;
  
  	if (r == NULL && check & SWM_CK_FOCUS) {
  		/* Try to find an actively focused window */
  		gifr = xcb_get_input_focus_reply(conn,
  		    xcb_get_input_focus(conn), NULL);
  		if (gifr) {
  			if (gifr->focus != XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT) {
  				cfw = find_window(gifr->focus);
  				if (cfw && cfw->ws->r)
  					r = cfw->ws->r;
  			}
  			free(gifr);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* No region with an active focus; try to use pointer. */
  	if (r == NULL && check & SWM_CK_POINTER)
  		r = get_pointer_region(&screens[i]);
  
  	/* Last resort. */
  	if (r == NULL && check & SWM_CK_FALLBACK)
  		r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[i].rl);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "idx: %d\n", get_region_index(r));
  
  	return (r);
  }
  
  struct swm_region *
  find_region(xcb_window_t id)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	if (id == XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  		return (NULL);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			if (r->id == id)
  				return (r);
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  struct swm_screen *
  find_screen(xcb_window_t id)
  {
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	if (id == XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  		return (NULL);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		if (screens[i].root == id)
  			return (&screens[i]);
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  struct swm_bar *
  find_bar(xcb_window_t id)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	if (id == XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  		return (NULL);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			if (r->bar && r->bar->id == id)
  				return (r->bar);
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  struct ws_win *
  find_window(xcb_window_t id)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win = NULL;
  	int			i, j, num_screens;
  	xcb_query_tree_reply_t	*qtr;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "id: %#x\n", id);
  
  	if (id == XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  		return (NULL);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
  				if (id == win->id || id == win->frame)
  					return (win);
  
  	/* If window isn't top-level, try to find managed ancestor. */
  	qtr = xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, xcb_query_tree(conn, id), NULL);
  	if (qtr) {
  		if (qtr->parent != XCB_WINDOW_NONE && qtr->parent != qtr->root)
  			win = find_window(qtr->parent);
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  		if (win)
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "%#x is decendent of %#x.\n",
  			    id, qtr->parent);
  #endif
  		free(qtr);
  	}
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	if (win == NULL)
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "unmanaged.\n");
  #endif
  	return (win);
  }
  
  void
  spawn(int ws_idx, union arg *args, bool close_fd)
  {
  	int			fd;
  	char			*ret = NULL;
  
  	if (args == NULL || args->argv[0] == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "%s\n", args->argv[0]);
  
  	close(xcb_get_file_descriptor(conn));
  
  	if ((ret = getenv("LD_PRELOAD"))) {
  		if (asprintf(&ret, "%s:%s", SWM_LIB, ret) == -1) {
  			warn("spawn: asprintf LD_PRELOAD");
  			_exit(1);
  		}
  		setenv("LD_PRELOAD", ret, 1);
  		free(ret);
  	} else {
  		setenv("LD_PRELOAD", SWM_LIB, 1);
  	}
  
  	if (asprintf(&ret, "%d", ws_idx) == -1) {
  		warn("spawn: asprintf SWM_WS");
  		_exit(1);
  	}
  	setenv("_SWM_WS", ret, 1);
  	free(ret);
  	ret = NULL;
  
  	if (asprintf(&ret, "%d", getpid()) == -1) {
  		warn("spawn: asprintf _SWM_PID");
  		_exit(1);
  	}
  	setenv("_SWM_PID", ret, 1);
  	free(ret);
  	ret = NULL;
  
  	if (setsid() == -1) {
  		warn("spawn: setsid");
  		_exit(1);
  	}
  
  	if (close_fd) {
  		/*
  		 * close stdin and stdout to prevent interaction between apps
  		 * and the baraction script
  		 * leave stderr open to record errors
  		*/
  		if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR, 0)) == -1) {
  			warn("spawn: open");
  			_exit(1);
  		}
  		dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
  		dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
  		if (fd > 2)
  			close(fd);
  	}
  
  	if (signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL) == SIG_ERR)
  		err(1, "could not reset SIGPIPE");
  
  	execvp(args->argv[0], args->argv);
  
  	warn("spawn: execvp");
  	_exit(1);
  }
  
  void
  kill_refs(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	int			i, j, num_screens;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++) {
  			ws = &screens[i].ws[j];
  
  			if (win == ws->focus)
  				ws->focus = NULL;
  			if (win == ws->focus_prev)
  				ws->focus_prev = NULL;
  			if (win == ws->focus_pending)
  				ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  			if (win == ws->focus_raise)
  				ws->focus_raise = NULL;
  
  			if (TRANS(win))
  				TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry)
  					if (win == w->focus_redirect)
  						w->focus_redirect = NULL;
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  int
  validate_win(struct ws_win *testwin)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	int			i, x, num_screens;
  
  	if (testwin == NULL)
  		return (0);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			for (x = 0; x < workspace_limit; x++) {
  				ws = &r->s->ws[x];
  				TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry)
  					if (win == testwin)
  						return (0);
  			}
  	return (1);
  }
  
  int
  validate_ws(struct workspace *testws)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	int			i, x, num_screens;
  
  	/* validate all ws */
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			for (x = 0; x < workspace_limit; x++) {
  				ws = &r->s->ws[x];
  				if (ws == testws)
  					return (0);
  			}
  	return (1);
  }
  
  void
  unfocus_win(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_window_t		none = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (win->ws == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "NULL ws\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (validate_ws(win->ws)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "invalid ws\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (win->ws->r == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "NULL region\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (validate_win(win)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "invalid win\n");
  		kill_refs(win);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (win->ws->focus == win) {
  		win->ws->focus = NULL;
  		win->ws->focus_prev = win;
  		if (win->ws->focus_raise == win && !FLOATING(win)) {
  			win->ws->focus_raise = NULL;
  			raise_window(win);
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (validate_win(win->ws->focus)) {
  		kill_refs(win->ws->focus);
  		win->ws->focus = NULL;
  	}
  
  	if (validate_win(win->ws->focus_prev)) {
  		kill_refs(win->ws->focus_prev);
  		win->ws->focus_prev = NULL;
  	}
  
  	draw_frame(win);
  
  	/* Raise window to "top unfocused position." */
  	if (win->ws->always_raise) {
  		raise_window(win);
  		update_win_stacking(win);
  	}
  
  	/* Update border width */
  	if (win->bordered && (win->quirks & SWM_Q_MINIMALBORDER) &&
  	    FLOATING(win)) {
  		win->bordered = 0;
  		X(win) += border_width;
  		Y(win) += border_width;
  		update_window(win);
  	}
  
  	xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->s->root,
  	    ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1, &none);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  focus_win_input(struct ws_win *win, bool force_input)
  {
  	struct ws_win			*parent = NULL;
  
  	/* Set input focus if no input hint, or indicated by hint. */
  	if (ACCEPTS_FOCUS(win)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  		    "PointerRoot, time: %#x\n", win->id, last_event_time);
  		xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, win->id,
  		    (force_input ? XCB_CURRENT_TIME : last_event_time));
  	} else if (!win->take_focus) {
  		if (win->ws && win->ws->r) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  			    "PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n", win->ws->r->id);
  			xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
  			    win->ws->r->id, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  		} else {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: PointerRoot, "
  			    "revert-to: PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n");
  			xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
  			    XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Tell app it can adjust focus to a specific window. */
  	if (win->take_focus) {
  		/* java is special; always tell parent */
  		if (TRANS(win) && win->java &&
  		    (parent = find_window(win->transient)))
  			client_msg(parent, a_takefocus, last_event_time);
  		else
  			client_msg(win, a_takefocus, last_event_time);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  focus_win(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win			*cfw = NULL, *mainw = NULL, *w;
  	struct workspace		*ws;
  	xcb_get_input_focus_reply_t	*gifr = NULL;
  	xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t	*war = NULL;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL || win->ws == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  	if (!win->mapped && !(ws->cur_layout->flags & SWM_L_MAPONFOCUS))
  		goto out;
  
  	if (validate_ws(ws))
  		goto out;
  
  	if (validate_win(win)) {
  		kill_refs(win);
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	gifr = xcb_get_input_focus_reply(conn, xcb_get_input_focus(conn), NULL);
  	if (gifr && gifr->focus != XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "cur focus: %#x\n", gifr->focus);
  
  		cfw = find_window(gifr->focus);
  		if (cfw) {
  			if (cfw != win) {
  				if (cfw->ws != ws && cfw->ws->r != NULL &&
  				    cfw->frame != XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
  					draw_frame(cfw);
  				} else {
  					unfocus_win(cfw);
  				}
  			}
  		} else {
  			war = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn,
  			    xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, gifr->focus), NULL);
  			if (war && war->override_redirect && ws->focus == win) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "skip refocus "
  				    "from override_redirect.\n");
  				goto out;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (ws->focus != win) {
  		if (ws->focus && ws->focus != cfw)
  			unfocus_win(ws->focus);
  		ws->focus = win;
  	}
  
  	set_focus_redirect(win); /* Set focus redirect up to main window. */
  	win->focus_redirect = NULL; /* Clear any redirect from this window. */
  
  	if (ws->r) {
  		if (ws->cur_layout->flags & SWM_L_MAPONFOCUS) {
  			/* Only related windows should be mapped. */
  			mainw = find_main_window(win);
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->stack, stack_entry) {
  				if (ICONIC(w))
  					continue;
  
  				if (find_main_window(w) == mainw)
  					map_window(w);
  				else
  					unmap_window(w);
  			}
  			update_stacking(win->s);
  		} else if ((tile_gap < 0 && !FLOATING(win)) ||
  		    ws->always_raise) {
  			/* Focused window needs to be raised. */
  			raise_window(win);
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  			map_window(win);
  		}
  
  		if (cfw != win) {
  			focus_win_input(win, false);
  
  			set_region(ws->r);
  
  			xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  			    win->s->root, ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom,
  			    XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1, &win->id);
  
  			bar_draw(ws->r->bar);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Update window border even if workspace is hidden. */
  	draw_frame(win);
  out:
  	free(gifr);
  	free(war);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  /* If a transient window should have focus instead, return it. */
  struct ws_win *
  get_focus_magic(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*winfocus = NULL;
  	int		i, wincount;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return (win);
  
  	winfocus = find_main_window(win);
  
  	if (winfocus->focus_redirect == NULL)
  		return (winfocus);
  
  	/* Put limit just in case a redirect loop exists. */
  	wincount = count_win(win->ws, SWM_COUNT_NORMAL);
  	for (i = 0; i < wincount; ++i) {
  		if (winfocus->focus_redirect == NULL)
  			break;
  
  		if (ICONIC(winfocus->focus_redirect))
  			break;
  
  		if (validate_win(winfocus->focus_redirect))
  			break;
  
  		winfocus = winfocus->focus_redirect;
  	}
  
  	return (winfocus);
  }
  
  void
  set_region(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*rf;
  	int			vals[2];
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	rf = r->s->r_focus;
  	/* Unfocus old region bar. */
  	if (rf != NULL) {
  		if (rf == r)
  			return;
  
  		xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, rf->bar->id,
  		    XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL,
  		    &r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER_UNFOCUS].pixel);
  	}
  
  	if (rf != NULL && rf != r && (X(rf) != X(r) || Y(rf) != Y(r) ||
  	    WIDTH(rf) != WIDTH(r) || HEIGHT(rf) != HEIGHT(r))) {
  		/* Set _NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY. */
  		vals[0] = WIDTH(r);
  		vals[1] = HEIGHT(r);
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, r->s->root,
  		    ewmh[_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY].atom, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 2,
  		    &vals);
  	}
  
  	/* Set region bar border to focus_color. */
  	xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, r->bar->id,
  	    XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL, &r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER].pixel);
  
  	r->s->r_focus = r;
  
  	/* Update the focus window frame on the now unfocused region. */
  	if (rf && rf->ws->focus)
  		draw_frame(rf->ws->focus);
  
  	ewmh_update_current_desktop();
  }
  
  void
  focus_region(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*nfw;
  	struct swm_region	*old_r;
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	old_r = r->s->r_focus;
  	set_region(r);
  
  	nfw = get_region_focus(r);
  	if (nfw) {
  		focus_win(nfw);
  	} else {
  		/* New region is empty; need to manually unfocus win. */
  		if (old_r) {
  			unfocus_win(old_r->ws->focus);
  			/* Clear bar since empty. */
  			bar_draw(old_r->bar);
  		}
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  		    "PointerRoot,time: CurrentTime\n", r->id);
  		xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, r->id,
  		    XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  switchws(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct swm_screen	*s;
  	struct swm_region	*this_r, *other_r;
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct workspace	*new_ws, *old_ws;
  	xcb_window_t		none = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	int			wsid = args->id;
  	bool			unmap_old = false, dofocus;
  
  	if (!(r && r->s))
  		return;
  
  	if (wsid >= workspace_limit)
  		return;
  
  	s = r->s;
  	this_r = r;
  	old_ws = this_r->ws;
  	new_ws = &s->ws[wsid];
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "screen[%d]:%dx%d+%d+%d: %d -> %d\n", s->idx,
  	    WIDTH(r), HEIGHT(r), X(r), Y(r), old_ws->idx, wsid);
  
  	if (new_ws == NULL || old_ws == NULL)
  		return;
  	if (new_ws == old_ws)
  		return;
  
  	other_r = new_ws->r;
  	if (other_r && workspace_clamp && (bp == NULL ||
  	    (bp->action != FN_RG_MOVE_NEXT && bp->action != FN_RG_MOVE_PREV))) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "ws clamped.\n");
  		if (warp_focus) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "warping focus to region "
  			    "with ws %d\n", wsid);
  			focus_region(other_r);
  			center_pointer(other_r);
  			focus_flush();
  		}
  		return;
  	}
  
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(s));
  
  	if ((win = old_ws->focus) != NULL) {
  		draw_frame(win);
  
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, s->root,
  		    ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom, XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, 1,
  		    &none);
  	}
  
  	if (other_r) {
  		/* the other ws is visible in another region, exchange them */
  		other_r->ws_prior = new_ws;
  		other_r->ws = old_ws;
  		old_ws->r = other_r;
  	} else {
  		/* the other workspace is hidden, hide this one */
  		old_ws->r = NULL;
  		unmap_old = true;
  	}
  
  	this_r->ws_prior = old_ws;
  	this_r->ws = new_ws;
  	new_ws->r = this_r;
  
  	/* Set focus_pending before stacking, if needed. */
  	if (dofocus && (new_ws->focus_pending == NULL ||
  	    validate_win(new_ws->focus_pending))) {
  		new_ws->focus_pending = get_region_focus(new_ws->r);
  		new_ws->focus = new_ws->focus_prev;
  		new_ws->focus_prev = NULL;
  	}
  
  	new_ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPING;
  
  	stack(other_r);
  	stack(this_r);
  
  	/* unmap old windows */
  	if (unmap_old) {
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &old_ws->winlist, entry)
  			unmap_window(win);
  		old_ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN;
  	}
  
  	/* if workspaces were swapped, then don't wait to set focus */
  	if (old_ws->r) {
  		if (dofocus && new_ws->focus_pending) {
  			focus_win(new_ws->focus_pending);
  			new_ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  		}
  
  		if (old_ws->focus)
  			draw_frame(old_ws->focus);
  	}
  
  	/* Clear bar and set focus on region input win if new ws is empty. */
  	if (new_ws->focus_pending == NULL && new_ws->focus == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  		    "PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n", r->id);
  		xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, r->id,
  		    XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  		bar_draw(r->bar);
  	}
  
  	ewmh_update_current_desktop();
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  	new_ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPED;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  cyclews(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	union arg		a;
  	struct swm_screen	*s = r->s;
  	struct swm_region	*rr;
  	struct workspace	*ws, *nws = NULL;
  	struct ws_win		*winfocus;
  	int			i;
  	bool			cycle_all = false, mv = false;
  
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "id: %d, screen[%d]:%dx%d+%d+%d, ws: %d\n",
  	    args->id, r->s->idx, WIDTH(r), HEIGHT(r), X(r), Y(r), r->ws->idx);
  
  	ws = r->ws;
  	winfocus = ws->focus;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; ++i) {
  		switch (args->id) {
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_MOVE_UP:
  			mv = true;
  			/* FALLTHROUGH */
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP_ALL:
  			cycle_all = true;
  			/* FALLTHROUGH */
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP:
  			nws = &s->ws[(ws->idx + i + 1) % workspace_limit];
  			break;
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_MOVE_DOWN:
  			mv = true;
  			/* FALLTHROUGH */
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN_ALL:
  			cycle_all = true;
  			/* FALLTHROUGH */
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN:
  			nws = &s->ws[(workspace_limit + ws->idx - i - 1) %
  			    workspace_limit];
  			break;
  		default:
  			return;
  		};
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "curws: %d, nws: %d, cycle_all: %d, mv: %d, "
  		    "cycle_visible: %d, cycle_empty: %d\n", ws->idx, nws->idx,
  		    cycle_all, mv, cycle_visible, cycle_empty);
  
  		if (cycle_all)
  			break;
  		if (!cycle_visible && nws->r)
  			continue;
  		if (cycle_empty || !TAILQ_EMPTY(&nws->winlist))
  			break;
  	}
  
  	if (nws && nws != ws) {
  		if (mv && winfocus) {
  			/* Move window to new ws without unmapping. */
  			win_to_ws(winfocus, nws->idx, SWM_WIN_NOUNMAP);
  			rr = nws->r;
  			if (rr) {
  				if (!workspace_clamp) {
  					/* Swap workspaces */
  					r->ws_prior = ws;
  					r->ws = nws;
  					nws->r = r;
  
  					rr->ws_prior = nws;
  					rr->ws = ws;
  					ws->r = rr;
  				}
  				/* else leave ws on other region. */
  			} else {
  				nws->r = r;
  				r->ws = nws;
  				r->ws_prior = ws;
  				ws->r = NULL;
  			}
  
  			/* Hot set new focus. */
  			nws->focus_prev = nws->focus;
  			nws->focus = winfocus;
  			nws->focus_pending = NULL;
  			/* Focus on old ws updated by win_to_ws(). */
  
  			if (nws->state == SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN)
  				nws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPING;
  
  			raise_window(winfocus);
  
  			if (rr) {
  				stack(rr);
  
  				if (ws->focus == NULL) {
  					ws->focus = ws->focus_pending;
  					ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  					raise_window(ws->focus);
  				}
  			} else
  				unmap_workspace(ws);
  
  			if (nws->r != r) {
  				set_region(nws->r);
  				draw_frame(nws->focus);
  				draw_frame(ws->focus);
  			}
  
  			clear_maximized(nws);
  			stack(r);
  
  			ewmh_update_current_desktop();
  			center_pointer(nws->r);
  			focus_flush();
  			nws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPED;
  		} else {
  			a.id = nws->idx;
  			switchws(bp, r, &a);
  			focus_flush();
  		}
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  unmap_workspace(struct workspace *ws)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*w;
  
  	if (ws == NULL || ws->state == SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN)
  		return;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry)
  		unmap_window(w);
  	ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN;
  }
  
  void
  map_workspace(struct workspace *ws)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*w;
  
  	if (ws == NULL || ws->state != SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN)
  		return;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry)
  		map_window(w);
  	ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPING;
  }
  
  void
  emptyws(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	int		i, empty = -1;
  	union arg	a;
  	struct ws_win	*win;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "id: %d, screen[%d]:%dx%d+%d+%d, ws: %d\n", args->id,
  	    r->s->idx, WIDTH(r), HEIGHT(r), X(r), Y(r), r->ws->idx);
  
  	/* Find first empty ws. */
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; ++i)
  		if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&r->s->ws[i].winlist)) {
  			empty = i;
  			break;
  		}
  
  	if (empty == -1) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "no empty ws.\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	a.id = empty;
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_WS_EMPTY_MOVE:
  		/* Only move & switch if there is a focused window. */
  		if (r->ws->focus)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &r->ws->winlist, entry)
  				if (win != r->ws->focus) {
  					send_to_ws(bp, r, &a);
  					switchws(bp, r, &a);
  					break;
  				}
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_WS_EMPTY:
  		switchws(bp, r, &a);
  		break;
  	default:
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "invalid id: %d\n", args->id);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  priorws(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	union arg		a;
  
  	(void)args;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "id: %d, screen[%d]:%dx%d+%d+%d, ws: %d\n",
  	    args->id, r->s->idx, WIDTH(r), HEIGHT(r), X(r), Y(r), r->ws->idx);
  
  	if (r->ws_prior == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	a.id = r->ws_prior->idx;
  	switchws(bp, r, &a);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  focusrg(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	int			ridx = args->id, i, num_screens;
  	struct swm_region	*rr = NULL;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	/* do nothing if we don't have more than one screen */
  	if (!(num_screens > 1 || outputs > 1))
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "id: %d\n", ridx);
  
  	rr = TAILQ_FIRST(&r->s->rl);
  	for (i = 0; i < ridx && rr != NULL; ++i)
  		rr = TAILQ_NEXT(rr, entry);
  
  	if (rr == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	focus_region(rr);
  	center_pointer(rr);
  	focus_flush();
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  cyclerg(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	union arg		a;
  	struct swm_region	*rr = NULL;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	/* do nothing if we don't have more than one screen */
  	if (!(num_screens > 1 || outputs > 1))
  		return;
  
  	i = r->s->idx;
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "id: %d, region: %d\n", args->id, i);
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_UP:
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_UP:
  		rr = TAILQ_NEXT(r, entry);
  		if (rr == NULL)
  			rr = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[i].rl);
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_DOWN:
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_DOWN:
  		rr = TAILQ_PREV(r, swm_region_list, entry);
  		if (rr == NULL)
  			rr = TAILQ_LAST(&screens[i].rl, swm_region_list);
  		break;
  	default:
  		return;
  	};
  	if (rr == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_UP:
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_DOWN:
  		focus_region(rr);
  		center_pointer(rr);
  		focus_flush();
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_UP:
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_DOWN:
  		a.id = rr->ws->idx;
  		switchws(bp, r, &a);
  		break;
  	default:
  		return;
  	};
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  /* Sorts transients after parent. */
  void
  sort_windows(struct ws_win_list *wl)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win, *parent, *nxt;
  
  	if (wl == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	for (win = TAILQ_FIRST(wl); win != TAILQ_END(wl); win = nxt) {
  		nxt = TAILQ_NEXT(win, entry);
  		if (TRANS(win)) {
  			parent = find_window(win->transient);
  			if (parent == NULL) {
  				warnx("not possible bug");
  				continue;
  			}
  			TAILQ_REMOVE(wl, win, entry);
  			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(wl, parent, win, entry);
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  void
  swapwin(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*target, *source;
  	struct ws_win		*cur_focus;
  	struct ws_win_list	*wl;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "id: %d, screen[%d]:%dx%d+%d+%d, ws: %d\n", args->id,
  	    r->s->idx, WIDTH(r), HEIGHT(r), X(r), Y(r), r->ws->idx);
  
  	cur_focus = r->ws->focus;
  	if (cur_focus == NULL || FULLSCREEN(cur_focus))
  		return;
  
  	/* Adjust stacking in floating layer. */
  	if (ABOVE(cur_focus)) {
  		switch (args->id) {
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPPREV:
  			target = TAILQ_PREV(cur_focus, ws_win_stack,
  			    stack_entry);
  			if (target != NULL && FLOATING(target)) {
  				TAILQ_REMOVE(&cur_focus->ws->stack, cur_focus,
  				    stack_entry);
  				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(target, cur_focus,
  				    stack_entry);
  				update_win_stacking(cur_focus);
  				focus_flush();
  			}
  			break;
  		case SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPNEXT:
  			target = TAILQ_NEXT(cur_focus, stack_entry);
  			if (target != NULL && FLOATING(target)) {
  				TAILQ_REMOVE(&cur_focus->ws->stack, cur_focus,
  				    stack_entry);
  				TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&cur_focus->ws->stack,
  				    target, cur_focus, stack_entry);
  				update_win_stacking(cur_focus);
  				focus_flush();
  			}
  			break;
  		}
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (r->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])
  		return;
  
  	clear_maximized(r->ws);
  
  	source = cur_focus;
  	wl = &source->ws->winlist;
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPPREV:
  		if (TRANS(source))
  			source = find_main_window(
  			    find_window(source->transient));
  
  		target = source;
  		while ((target = TAILQ_PREV(target, ws_win_list, entry)))
  			if (!ICONIC(target) && !TRANS(target))
  				break;
  
  		if (target && target->transient)
  			target = find_window(target->transient);
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(wl, source, entry);
  		if (target == NULL)
  			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(wl, source, entry);
  		else
  			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(target, source, entry);
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPNEXT:
  		if (TRANS(source))
  			source = find_main_window(
  			    find_window(source->transient));
  
  		target = source;
  		while ((target = TAILQ_NEXT(target, entry)))
  			if (!ICONIC(target) && !TRANS(target))
  				break;
  
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(wl, source, entry);
  		if (target == NULL)
  			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(wl, source, entry);
  		else
  			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(wl, target, source, entry);
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPMAIN:
  		target = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
  		if (target == source) {
  			if (source->ws->focus_prev != NULL &&
  			    source->ws->focus_prev != target)
  				source = source->ws->focus_prev;
  			else
  				return;
  		}
  		if (target == NULL || source == NULL)
  			return;
  		source->ws->focus_prev = target;
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(wl, target, entry);
  		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(source, target, entry);
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(wl, source, entry);
  		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(wl, source, entry);
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MOVELAST:
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(wl, source, entry);
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(wl, source, entry);
  		break;
  	default:
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "invalid id: %d\n", args->id);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	sort_windows(wl);
  	ewmh_update_client_list();
  
  	stack(r);
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "done\n");
  }
  
  /* Determine focus other than specified window, but on the same workspace. */
  struct ws_win *
  get_focus_other(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w, *winfocus = NULL;
  	struct ws_win_list	*wl = NULL;
  	struct workspace	*ws = NULL;
  
  	if (!(win && win->ws))
  		goto done;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  	wl = &ws->winlist;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "win %#x, focus: %#x, focus_prev: %#x, "
  	    "focus_close: %d, focus_close_wrap: %d, focus_default: %d\n",
  	    WINID(win), WINID(ws->focus), WINID(ws->focus_prev), focus_close,
  	    focus_close_wrap, focus_default);
  
  	if (ws->focus == NULL) {
  		/* Fallback to default. */
  		if (focus_default == SWM_STACK_TOP) {
  			TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(winfocus, wl, ws_win_list, entry)
  				if (!ICONIC(winfocus) && winfocus != win)
  					break;
  		} else {
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(winfocus, wl, entry)
  				if (!ICONIC(winfocus) && winfocus != win)
  					break;
  		}
  
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	if (ws->focus != win && !ICONIC(ws->focus)) {
  		winfocus = ws->focus;
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	/* FOCUSPREV quirk: try previously focused window. */
  	if (((win->quirks & SWM_Q_FOCUSPREV) ||
  	    (ws->cur_layout->flags & SWM_L_FOCUSPREV)) &&
  	    ws->focus_prev && ws->focus_prev != win &&
  	    !ICONIC(ws->focus_prev)) {
  		winfocus = ws->focus_prev;
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	if (ws->focus == win && TRANS(win)) {
  		w = find_window(win->transient);
  		if (w && w->ws == ws && !ICONIC(w)) {
  			winfocus = w;
  			goto done;
  		}
  	}
  
  	switch (focus_close) {
  	case SWM_STACK_BOTTOM:
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(winfocus, wl, entry)
  			if (!ICONIC(winfocus) && winfocus != win)
  				break;
  		break;
  	case SWM_STACK_TOP:
  		TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(winfocus, wl, ws_win_list, entry)
  			if (!ICONIC(winfocus) && winfocus != win)
  				break;
  		break;
  	case SWM_STACK_ABOVE:
  		winfocus = TAILQ_NEXT(win, entry);
  		while (winfocus && ICONIC(winfocus))
  			winfocus = TAILQ_NEXT(winfocus, entry);
  
  		if (winfocus == NULL) {
  			if (focus_close_wrap) {
  				TAILQ_FOREACH(winfocus, wl, entry)
  					if (!ICONIC(winfocus) &&
  					    winfocus != win)
  						break;
  			} else {
  				TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(winfocus, wl, ws_win_list,
  				    entry)
  					if (!ICONIC(winfocus) &&
  					    winfocus != win)
  						break;
  			}
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_STACK_BELOW:
  		winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(win, ws_win_list, entry);
  		while (winfocus && ICONIC(winfocus))
  			winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(winfocus, ws_win_list, entry);
  
  		if (winfocus == NULL) {
  			if (focus_close_wrap) {
  				TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(winfocus, wl, ws_win_list,
  				    entry)
  					if (!ICONIC(winfocus) &&
  					    winfocus != win)
  						break;
  			} else {
  				TAILQ_FOREACH(winfocus, wl, entry)
  					if (!ICONIC(winfocus) &&
  					    winfocus != win)
  						break;
  			}
  		}
  		break;
  	}
  done:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "winfocus: %#x\n", WINID(winfocus));
  	return (winfocus);
  }
  
  struct ws_win *
  get_region_focus(struct swm_region *r)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*winfocus = NULL;
  
  	if (!(r && r->ws))
  		return (NULL);
  
  	if (r->ws->focus && !ICONIC(r->ws->focus))
  		winfocus = r->ws->focus;
  	else if (r->ws->focus_prev && !ICONIC(r->ws->focus_prev))
  		winfocus = r->ws->focus_prev;
  	else
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(winfocus, &r->ws->winlist, entry)
  			if (!ICONIC(winfocus))
  				break;
  
  	return (get_focus_magic(winfocus));
  }
  
  void
  focus(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*head, *cur_focus = NULL, *winfocus = NULL;
  	struct ws_win		*mainw;
  	struct ws_win_list	*wl = NULL;
  	struct workspace	*ws = NULL;
  	union arg		a;
  	int			i, wincount;
  
  	if (!(r && r->ws))
  		goto out;
  
  	cur_focus = r->ws->focus;
  	ws = r->ws;
  	wl = &ws->winlist;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "id: %d, cur_focus: %#x\n", args->id,
  	    WINID(cur_focus));
  
  	/* Make sure an uniconified window has focus, if one exists. */
  	if (cur_focus == NULL) {
  		cur_focus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
  		while (cur_focus != NULL && ICONIC(cur_focus))
  			cur_focus = TAILQ_NEXT(cur_focus, entry);
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "new cur_focus: %#x\n", WINID(cur_focus));
  	}
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSPREV:
  		if (cur_focus == NULL)
  			goto out;
  
  		mainw = find_main_window(cur_focus);
  		wincount = count_win(ws, SWM_COUNT_ALL);
  		winfocus = cur_focus;
  		for (i = 0; i < wincount; ++i) {
  			winfocus = TAILQ_PREV(winfocus, ws_win_list, entry);
  			if (winfocus == NULL)
  				winfocus = TAILQ_LAST(wl, ws_win_list);
  
  			if (ICONIC(winfocus))
  				continue;
  
  			if (winfocus == mainw ||
  			    find_main_window(winfocus) == mainw)
  				continue;
  
  			if (winfocus->quirks & SWM_Q_NOFOCUSCYCLE)
  				continue;
  
  			break;
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSNEXT:
  		if (cur_focus == NULL)
  			goto out;
  
  		mainw = find_main_window(cur_focus);
  		wincount = count_win(ws, SWM_COUNT_ALL);
  
  		winfocus = cur_focus;
  		for (i = 0; i < wincount; ++i) {
  			winfocus = TAILQ_NEXT(winfocus, entry);
  			if (winfocus == NULL)
  				winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
  
  			if (ICONIC(winfocus))
  				continue;
  
  			if (winfocus == mainw ||
  			    find_main_window(winfocus) == mainw)
  				continue;
  
  			if (winfocus->quirks & SWM_Q_NOFOCUSCYCLE)
  				continue;
  			break;
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSMAIN:
  		if (cur_focus == NULL)
  			goto out;
  
  		winfocus = TAILQ_FIRST(wl);
  		if (winfocus == cur_focus)
  			winfocus = cur_focus->ws->focus_prev;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSURGENT:
  		/* Search forward for the next urgent window. */
  		winfocus = NULL;
  		head = cur_focus;
  
  		for (i = 0; i <= workspace_limit; ++i) {
  			if (head == NULL)
  				head = TAILQ_FIRST(&r->s->ws[(ws->idx + i) %
  				    workspace_limit].winlist);
  
  			while (head) {
  				if (head == cur_focus) {
  					if (i > 0) {
  						winfocus = cur_focus;
  						break;
  					}
  				} else if (get_urgent(head)) {
  					winfocus = head;
  					break;
  				}
  
  				head = TAILQ_NEXT(head, entry);
  			}
  
  			if (winfocus)
  				break;
  		}
  
  		/* Switch ws if new focus is on a different ws. */
  		if (winfocus && winfocus->ws != ws) {
  			a.id = winfocus->ws->idx;
  			switchws(bp, r, &a);
  		}
  		break;
  	default:
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (clear_maximized(ws) > 0)
  		stack(r);
  
  	focus_win(get_focus_magic(winfocus));
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  focus_pointer(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	(void)args;
  
  	/* Not needed for buttons since this is already done in buttonpress. */
  	if (bp->type == KEYBIND) {
  		focus_win(get_pointer_win(r->s));
  		focus_flush();
  	}
  }
  
  void
  switchlayout(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws = r->ws;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "workspace: %d\n", ws->idx);
  
  	switch (args->id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLE_LAYOUT:
  		ws->cur_layout++;
  		if (ws->cur_layout->l_stack == NULL)
  			ws->cur_layout = &layouts[0];
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_VERTICAL:
  		ws->cur_layout = &layouts[SWM_V_STACK];
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_HORIZONTAL:
  		ws->cur_layout = &layouts[SWM_H_STACK];
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_MAX:
  		ws->cur_layout = &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK];
  		break;
  	default:
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	clear_maximized(ws);
  
  	stack(r);
  	bar_draw(r->bar);
  
  	focus_win(get_region_focus(r));
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  stack_config(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws = r->ws;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "id: %d workspace: %d\n", args->id, ws->idx);
  
  	if (clear_maximized(ws) > 0)
  		stack(r);
  
  	if (ws->cur_layout->l_config != NULL)
  		ws->cur_layout->l_config(ws, args->id);
  
  	if (args->id != SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINIT)
  		stack(r);
  	bar_draw(r->bar);
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  void
  stack(struct swm_region *r) {
  	struct swm_geometry	g;
  	struct swm_region	*r_prev;
  	uint32_t		val[2];
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "begin\n");
  
  	/* Adjust stack area for region bar and padding. */
  	g = r->g;
  	g.x += region_padding;
  	g.y += region_padding;
  	g.w -= 2 * border_width + 2 * region_padding;
  	g.h -= 2 * border_width + 2 * region_padding;
  	if (bar_enabled && r->ws->bar_enabled) {
  		if (!bar_at_bottom)
  			g.y += bar_height;
  		g.h -= bar_height;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "workspace: %d (screen: %d, region: %d), (x,y) "
  	    "WxH: (%d,%d) %d x %d\n", r->ws->idx, r->s->idx,
  	    get_region_index(r), g.x, g.y, g.w, g.h);
  
  	r_prev = TAILQ_PREV(r, swm_region_list, entry);
  	if (r_prev) {
  		/* Stack bar/input relative to prev. region. */
  		val[1] = XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE;
  
  		val[0] = r_prev->id;
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "region input %#x relative to %#x.\n",
  		    r->id, val[0]);
  		xcb_configure_window(conn, r->id,
  		    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING |
  		    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, val);
  
  		if (r->bar) {
  			val[0] = r_prev->bar->id;
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "region bar %#x relative to "
  			    "%#x.\n", r->bar->id, val[0]);
  			xcb_configure_window(conn, r->bar->id,
  			    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING |
  			    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, val);
  		}
  	}
  
  	r->ws->cur_layout->l_stack(r->ws, &g);
  	r->ws->cur_layout->l_string(r->ws);
  	/* save r so we can track region changes */
  	r->ws->old_r = r;
  
  	if (font_adjusted)
  		font_adjusted--;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "end\n");
  }
  
  void
  store_float_geom(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	if (win == NULL || win->ws->r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	/* retain window geom and region geom */
  	win->g_float = win->g;
  	win->g_float.x -= X(win->ws->r);
  	win->g_float.y -= Y(win->ws->r);
  	win->g_floatvalid = true;
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, g: (%d,%d) %d x %d, g_float: (%d,%d) "
  	    "%d x %d\n", win->id, X(win), Y(win), WIDTH(win), HEIGHT(win),
  	    win->g_float.x, win->g_float.y, win->g_float.w, win->g_float.h);
  }
  
  void
  load_float_geom(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	if (win == NULL || win->ws->r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (win->g_floatvalid) {
  		win->g = win->g_float;
  		X(win) += X(win->ws->r);
  		Y(win) += Y(win->ws->r);
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, g: (%d,%d) %d x %d\n", win->id,
  		    X(win), Y(win), WIDTH(win), HEIGHT(win));
  	} else {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, g_float is not set.\n", win->id);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  update_floater(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  
  	if ((r = ws->r) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	win->bordered = true;
  
  	if (FULLSCREEN(win)) {
  		/* _NET_WM_FULLSCREEN: fullscreen without border. */
  		if (!win->g_floatvalid)
  			store_float_geom(win);
  
  		win->g = r->g;
  		win->bordered = false;
  	} else if (MAXIMIZED(win)) {
  		/* Maximize: like a single stacked window. */
  		if (!win->g_floatvalid)
  			store_float_geom(win);
  
  		win->g = r->g;
  
  		if (bar_enabled && ws->bar_enabled && !maximize_hide_bar) {
  			if (!bar_at_bottom)
  				Y(win) += bar_height;
  			HEIGHT(win) -= bar_height;
  		} else if (disable_border) {
  			win->bordered = false;
  		}
  
  		if (win->bordered) {
  			/* Window geometry excludes frame. */
  			X(win) += border_width;
  			Y(win) += border_width;
  			HEIGHT(win) -= 2 * border_width;
  			WIDTH(win) -= 2 * border_width;
  		}
  	} else {
  		/* Normal floating window. */
  		/* Update geometry if new region. */
  		if (r != ws->old_r)
  			load_float_geom(win);
  
  		if (((win->quirks & SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN) &&
  		     WIDTH(win) >= WIDTH(r) && HEIGHT(win) >= HEIGHT(r)) ||
  		    ((!WS_FOCUSED(win->ws) || win->ws->focus != win) &&
  		     (win->quirks & SWM_Q_MINIMALBORDER))) {
  			/* Remove border */
  			win->bordered = false;
  		} else if (!MANUAL(win)) {
  			if (TRANS(win) && (win->quirks & SWM_Q_TRANSSZ)) {
  				/* Adjust size on TRANSSZ quirk. */
  				WIDTH(win) = (double)WIDTH(r) * dialog_ratio;
  				HEIGHT(win) = (double)HEIGHT(r) * dialog_ratio;
  			}
  
  			if (!(win->quirks & SWM_Q_ANYWHERE)) {
  				/*
  				 * Floaters and transients are auto-centred
  				 * unless manually moved, resized or ANYWHERE
  				 * quirk is set.
  				 */
  				X(win) = X(r) + (WIDTH(r) - WIDTH(win)) / 2;
  				Y(win) = Y(r) + (HEIGHT(r) - HEIGHT(win)) / 2;
  				store_float_geom(win);
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Ensure at least 1 pixel of the window is in the region. */
  	region_containment(win, r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES);
  
  	update_window(win);
  }
  
  /*
   * Send keystrokes to terminal to decrease/increase the font size as the
   * window size changes.
   */
  void
  adjust_font(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	if (!(win->quirks & SWM_Q_XTERM_FONTADJ) ||
  	    ABOVE(win) || TRANS(win))
  		return;
  
  	if (win->sh.width_inc && win->last_inc != win->sh.width_inc &&
  	    WIDTH(win) / win->sh.width_inc < term_width &&
  	    win->font_steps < SWM_MAX_FONT_STEPS) {
  		win->font_size_boundary[win->font_steps] =
  		    (win->sh.width_inc * term_width) + win->sh.base_width;
  		win->font_steps++;
  		font_adjusted++;
  		win->last_inc = win->sh.width_inc;
  		fake_keypress(win, XK_KP_Subtract, XCB_MOD_MASK_SHIFT);
  	} else if (win->font_steps && win->last_inc != win->sh.width_inc &&
  	    WIDTH(win) > win->font_size_boundary[win->font_steps - 1]) {
  		win->font_steps--;
  		font_adjusted++;
  		win->last_inc = win->sh.width_inc;
  		fake_keypress(win, XK_KP_Add, XCB_MOD_MASK_SHIFT);
  	}
  }
  
  #define SWAPXY(g)	do {				\
  	int tmp;					\
  	tmp = (g)->y; (g)->y = (g)->x; (g)->x = tmp;	\
  	tmp = (g)->h; (g)->h = (g)->w; (g)->w = tmp;	\
  } while (0)
  void
  stack_master(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g, int rot, bool flip)
  {
  	struct swm_geometry	cell, r_g = *g;
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	int			i = 0, j = 0, s = 0, stacks = 0;
  	int			w_inc = 1, h_inc, w_base = 1, h_base;
  	int			hrh = 0, extra = 0, h_slice = 0, last_h = 0;
  	int			split = 0, colno = 0;
  	int			winno, mwin = 0, msize = 0;
  	int			remain, missing, v_slice, mscale;
  	bool			bordered = true, reconfigure = false;
  
  	/*
  	 * cell: geometry for window, including frame.
  	 * mwin: # of windows in master area.
  	 * mscale: size increment of master area.
  	 * stacks: # of stack columns
  	 */
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "workspace: %d, rot: %s, flip: %s\n", ws->idx,
  	    YESNO(rot), YESNO(flip));
  
  	memset(&cell, 0, sizeof(cell));
  
  	/* Prepare tiling variables, if needed. */
  	if ((winno = count_win(ws, SWM_COUNT_TILED)) > 0) {
  		/* Find first tiled window. */
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry)
  			if (!FLOATING(win) && !ICONIC(win))
  				break;
  
  		/* Take into account size hints of first tiled window. */
  		if (rot) {
  			w_inc = win->sh.width_inc;
  			w_base = win->sh.base_width;
  			mwin = ws->l_state.horizontal_mwin;
  			mscale = ws->l_state.horizontal_msize;
  			stacks = ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks;
  			SWAPXY(&r_g);
  		} else {
  			w_inc = win->sh.height_inc;
  			w_base = win->sh.base_height;
  			mwin = ws->l_state.vertical_mwin;
  			mscale = ws->l_state.vertical_msize;
  			stacks = ws->l_state.vertical_stacks;
  		}
  
  		cell = r_g;
  		cell.x += border_width;
  		cell.y += border_width;
  
  		if (stacks > winno - mwin)
  			stacks = winno - mwin;
  		if (stacks < 1)
  			stacks = 1;
  
  		h_slice = r_g.h / SWM_H_SLICE;
  		if (mwin && winno > mwin) {
  			v_slice = r_g.w / SWM_V_SLICE;
  
  			split = mwin;
  			colno = split;
  			cell.w = v_slice * mscale;
  
  			if (w_inc > 1 && w_inc < v_slice) {
  				/* Adjust for requested size increment. */
  				remain = (cell.w - w_base) % w_inc;
  				cell.w -= remain;
  			}
  
  			msize = cell.w;
  			if (flip)
  				cell.x += r_g.w - msize;
  			s = stacks;
  		} else {
  			msize = - 2 * border_width;
  			colno = split = winno / stacks;
  			cell.w = ((r_g.w - (stacks * 2 * border_width) +
  			    2 * border_width) / stacks);
  			s = stacks - 1;
  		}
  
  		hrh = r_g.h / colno;
  		extra = r_g.h - (colno * hrh);
  		cell.h = hrh - 2 * border_width;
  		i = j = 0;
  	}
  
  	/* Update window geometry. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (ICONIC(win))
  			continue;
  
  		if (FLOATING(win)) {
  			update_floater(win);
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* Tiled. */
  		if (split && i == split) {
  			colno = (winno - mwin) / stacks;
  			if (s <= (winno - mwin) % stacks)
  				colno++;
  			split += colno;
  			if (colno > 0)
  				hrh = r_g.h / colno;
  			extra = r_g.h - (colno * hrh);
  
  			if (!flip)
  				cell.x += cell.w + 2 * border_width + tile_gap;
  
  			cell.w = (r_g.w - msize -
  			    (stacks * (2 * border_width + tile_gap))) / stacks;
  			if (s == 1)
  				cell.w += (r_g.w - msize -
  				    (stacks * (2 * border_width + tile_gap))) %
  				    stacks;
  
  			if (flip)
  				cell.x -= cell.w + 2 * border_width +
  				    tile_gap;
  			s--;
  			j = 0;
  		}
  
  		cell.h = hrh - 2 * border_width - tile_gap;
  
  		if (rot) {
  			h_inc = win->sh.width_inc;
  			h_base = win->sh.base_width;
  		} else {
  			h_inc =	win->sh.height_inc;
  			h_base = win->sh.base_height;
  		}
  
  		if (j == colno - 1) {
  			cell.h = hrh + extra;
  		} else if (h_inc > 1 && h_inc < h_slice) {
  			/* adjust for window's requested size increment */
  			remain = (cell.h - h_base) % h_inc;
  			missing = h_inc - remain;
  
  			if (missing <= extra || j == 0) {
  				extra -= missing;
  				cell.h += missing;
  			} else {
  				cell.h -= remain;
  				extra += remain;
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (j == 0)
  			cell.y = r_g.y + border_width;
  		else
  			cell.y += last_h + 2 * border_width + tile_gap;
  
  		/* Window coordinates exclude frame. */
  
  		if (winno > 1 || !disable_border ||
  		    (bar_enabled && ws->bar_enabled &&
  		    !disable_border_always)) {
  			bordered = true;
  		} else {
  			bordered = false;
  		}
  
  		if (rot) {
  			if (X(win) != cell.y || Y(win) != cell.x ||
  			    WIDTH(win) != cell.h || HEIGHT(win) != cell.w) {
  				reconfigure = true;
  				X(win) = cell.y;
  				Y(win) = cell.x;
  				WIDTH(win) = cell.h;
  				HEIGHT(win) = cell.w;
  			}
  		} else {
  			if (X(win) != cell.x || Y(win) != cell.y ||
  			    WIDTH(win) != cell.w || HEIGHT(win) != cell.h) {
  				reconfigure = true;
  				X(win) = cell.x;
  				Y(win) = cell.y;
  				WIDTH(win) = cell.w;
  				HEIGHT(win) = cell.h;
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (!bordered) {
  			X(win) -= border_width;
  			Y(win) -= border_width;
  			WIDTH(win) += 2 * border_width;
  			HEIGHT(win) += 2 * border_width;
  		}
  
  		if (bordered != win->bordered) {
  			reconfigure = true;
  			win->bordered = bordered;
  		}
  
  		if (reconfigure) {
  			adjust_font(win);
  			update_window(win);
  		}
  
  		last_h = cell.h;
  		i++;
  		j++;
  	}
  
  	/* Stack all windows from bottom up. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(win, &ws->stack, ws_win_stack, stack_entry)
  		if (!ICONIC(win))
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  
  	/* Map all windows from top down. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->stack, stack_entry)
  		if (!ICONIC(win))
  			map_window(win);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  vertical_config(struct workspace *ws, int id)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "id: %d, workspace: %d\n", id, ws->idx);
  
  	switch (id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKRESET:
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINIT:
  		ws->l_state.vertical_msize = SWM_V_SLICE / 2;
  		ws->l_state.vertical_mwin = 1;
  		ws->l_state.vertical_stacks = 1;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERSHRINK:
  		if (ws->l_state.vertical_msize > 1)
  			ws->l_state.vertical_msize--;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERGROW:
  		if (ws->l_state.vertical_msize < SWM_V_SLICE - 1)
  			ws->l_state.vertical_msize++;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERADD:
  		ws->l_state.vertical_mwin++;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERDEL:
  		if (ws->l_state.vertical_mwin > 0)
  			ws->l_state.vertical_mwin--;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKBALANCE:
  		ws->l_state.vertical_msize = SWM_V_SLICE /
  		    (ws->l_state.vertical_stacks + 1);
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINC:
  		ws->l_state.vertical_stacks++;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKDEC:
  		if (ws->l_state.vertical_stacks > 1)
  			ws->l_state.vertical_stacks--;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_FLIPLAYOUT:
  		ws->l_state.vertical_flip = !ws->l_state.vertical_flip;
  		break;
  	default:
  		return;
  	}
  }
  
  void
  vertical_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "workspace: %d\n", ws->idx);
  
  	stack_master(ws, g, 0, ws->l_state.vertical_flip);
  }
  
  void
  horizontal_config(struct workspace *ws, int id)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "workspace: %d\n", ws->idx);
  
  	switch (id) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKRESET:
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINIT:
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_mwin = 1;
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_msize = SWM_H_SLICE / 2;
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks = 1;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERSHRINK:
  		if (ws->l_state.horizontal_msize > 1)
  			ws->l_state.horizontal_msize--;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERGROW:
  		if (ws->l_state.horizontal_msize < SWM_H_SLICE - 1)
  			ws->l_state.horizontal_msize++;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERADD:
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_mwin++;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERDEL:
  		if (ws->l_state.horizontal_mwin > 0)
  			ws->l_state.horizontal_mwin--;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKBALANCE:
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_msize = SWM_H_SLICE /
  		    (ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks + 1);
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINC:
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks++;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_STACKDEC:
  		if (ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks > 1)
  			ws->l_state.horizontal_stacks--;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_FLIPLAYOUT:
  		ws->l_state.horizontal_flip = !ws->l_state.horizontal_flip;
  		break;
  	default:
  		return;
  	}
  }
  
  void
  horizontal_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "workspace: %d\n", ws->idx);
  
  	stack_master(ws, g, 1, ws->l_state.horizontal_flip);
  }
  
  void
  max_stack(struct workspace *ws, struct swm_geometry *g)
  {
  	struct swm_geometry	gg = *g;
  	struct ws_win		*w, *win = NULL, *mainw;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "workspace: %d\n", ws->idx);
  
  	if (ws == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (count_win(ws, SWM_COUNT_NORMAL) == 0)
  		return;
  
  	/* Figure out which window to put on top. */
  	if (ws->focus_pending)
  		win = ws->focus_pending;
  	else if (ws->focus)
  		win = ws->focus;
  	else if (ws->focus_prev)
  		win = ws->focus_prev;
  	else
  		win = TAILQ_FIRST(&ws->winlist);
  
  	mainw = find_main_window(win);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "focus_pending: %#x, focus: %#x, focus_prev: %#x,"
  	    " first: %#x, win: %#x, mainw: %#x\n", WINID(ws->focus_pending),
  	    WINID(ws->focus), WINID(ws->focus_prev),
  	    WINID(TAILQ_FIRST(&ws->winlist)), WINID(win), WINID(mainw));
  
  	/* Unmap unrelated windows. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry)
  		if (find_main_window(w) != mainw)
  			unmap_window(w);
  
  	/* Update window geometry. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (ICONIC(w))
  			continue;
  
  		if (TRANS(w) || FULLSCREEN(w)) {
  			update_floater(w);
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		/* Set maximized flag for all maxed windows. */
  		if (!MAXIMIZED(w)) {
  			/* Preserve floating geometry. */
  			if (ABOVE(w))
  				store_float_geom(w);
  
  			ewmh_apply_flags(w, w->ewmh_flags | EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED);
  			ewmh_update_wm_state(w);
  		}
  
  		/* Only reconfigure if necessary. */
  		if (X(w) != gg.x || Y(w) != gg.y || WIDTH(w) != gg.w ||
  		    HEIGHT(w) != gg.h) {
  			w->g = gg;
  
  			if (disable_border &&
  			    !(bar_enabled && ws->bar_enabled)) {
  				w->bordered = false;
  				WIDTH(w) += 2 * border_width;
  				HEIGHT(w) += 2 * border_width;
  			} else {
  				w->bordered = true;
  				X(w) += border_width;
  				Y(w) += border_width;
  			}
  
  			update_window(w);
  		}
  
  		if (find_main_window(w) == mainw)
  			map_window(w);
  	}
  
  	update_stacking(win->s);
  }
  
  void
  update_stacking(struct swm_screen *s)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  
  	/* Stack all windows from bottom up. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &s->rl, entry)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(w, &r->ws->stack, ws_win_stack,
  		    stack_entry)
  			if (!ICONIC(w))
  				update_win_stacking(w);
  }
  
  void
  send_to_rg(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	int			ridx = args->id, i, num_screens;
  	struct swm_region	*rr = NULL;
  	union arg		a;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	/* do nothing if we don't have more than one screen */
  	if (!(num_screens > 1 || outputs > 1))
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "id: %d\n", ridx);
  
  	rr = TAILQ_FIRST(&r->s->rl);
  	for (i = 0; i < ridx && rr != NULL; ++i)
  		rr = TAILQ_NEXT(rr, entry);
  
  	if (rr == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	a.id = rr->ws->idx;
  
  	send_to_ws(bp, r, &a);
  }
  
  struct swm_region *
  region_under(struct swm_screen *s, int x, int y)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r = NULL;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &s->rl, entry) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "ws: %d, region g: (%d,%d) %d x %d, "
  		    "coords: (%d,%d)\n", r->ws->idx, X(r), Y(r), WIDTH(r),
  		    HEIGHT(r), x, y);
  		if (X(r) <= x && x < MAX_X(r))
  			if (Y(r) <= y && y < MAX_Y(r))
  				return (r);
  	}
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  /* Transfer focused window to target workspace and focus. */
  void
  send_to_ws(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	int			wsid = args->id;
  	struct ws_win		*win = NULL;
  	bool			dofocus;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	if (r && r->ws && r->ws->focus)
  		win = r->ws->focus;
  	else
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "win %#x, ws %d\n", win->id, wsid);
  
  	if (wsid < 0 || wsid >= workspace_limit)
  		return;
  
  	if (win->ws->idx == wsid)
  		return;
  
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(win->s));
  
  	win_to_ws(win, wsid, SWM_WIN_UNFOCUS);
  
  	/* Set new focus on target ws. */
  	if (dofocus) {
  		win->ws->focus_prev = win->ws->focus;
  		win->ws->focus = win;
  		win->ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  
  		if (win->ws->focus_prev)
  			draw_frame(win->ws->focus_prev);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_STACK, "focus_pending: %#x, focus: %#x, focus_prev: %#x,"
  	    " first: %#x, win: %#x\n", WINID(r->ws->focus_pending),
  	    WINID(r->ws->focus), WINID(r->ws->focus_prev),
  	    WINID(TAILQ_FIRST(&r->ws->winlist)), win->id);
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(win, win->ewmh_flags & ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  
  	/* Restack focused region. */
  	stack(r);
  
  	/* If destination ws has a region, restack. */
  	if (win->ws->r) {
  		if (FLOATING(win))
  			load_float_geom(win);
  
  		stack(win->ws->r);
  	}
  
  	/* Set new focus on current ws. */
  	if (dofocus) {
  		if (r->ws->focus == NULL)
  			r->ws->focus = r->ws->focus_pending;
  
  		if (r->ws->focus) {
  			focus_win(r->ws->focus);
  		} else {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  			    "PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n", r->id);
  			xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
  			    r->id, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  			bar_draw(r->bar);
  		}
  	}
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  /* Transfer focused window to region-relative workspace and focus. */
  void
  send_to_rg_relative(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	union arg		args_abs;
  	struct swm_region	*r_other;
  
  	if (args->id == 1) {
  		r_other = TAILQ_NEXT(r, entry);
  		if (r_other == NULL)
  			r_other = TAILQ_FIRST(&r->s->rl);
  	} else {
  		r_other = TAILQ_PREV(r, swm_region_list, entry);
  		if (r_other == NULL)
  			r_other = TAILQ_LAST(&r->s->rl, swm_region_list);
  	}
  
  	/* Map relative to absolute */
  	args_abs = *args;
  	args_abs.id = r_other->ws->idx;
  
  	send_to_ws(bp, r, &args_abs);
  }
  
  /* Determine a window to consider 'main' for specified window. */
  struct ws_win *
  find_main_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*w;
  	int		i, wincount;
  
  	if (win == NULL || !TRANS(win))
  		return (win);
  
  	/* Limit search to prevent infinite loop. */
  	wincount = 0;
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++)
  		wincount += count_win(&win->s->ws[i], SWM_COUNT_ALL);
  
  	/* Resolve TRANSIENT_FOR as far as possible. */
  	w = win;
  	for (i = 0; w && TRANS(w) && i < wincount; i++) {
  		w = find_window(w->transient);
  		if (w == win)
  			/* Transient loop shouldn't occur. */
  			break;
  	}
  
  	if (w == NULL)
  		w = win;
  
  	return (w);
  }
  
  void
  set_focus_redirect(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*w, *tmpw;
  	int		i, wincount;
  
  	if (win == NULL || !TRANS(win))
  		return;
  
  	/* Limit search to prevent infinite loop. */
  	wincount = 0;
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++)
  		wincount += count_win(&win->s->ws[i], SWM_COUNT_ALL);
  
  	/* Set focus_redirect along transient chain. */
  	w = win;
  	for (i = 0; w && TRANS(w) && i < wincount; i++) {
  		tmpw = find_window(w->transient);
  		if (tmpw == NULL || tmpw == win)
  			/* Transient loop shouldn't occur. */
  			break;
  		tmpw->focus_redirect = w;
  		w = tmpw;
  	}
  }
  
  void
  win_to_ws(struct ws_win *win, int wsid, uint32_t flags)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*mainw, *w, *tmpw;
  	struct workspace	*ws, *nws;
  
  	if (win == NULL || wsid < 0 || wsid >= workspace_limit)
  		return;
  
  	if (win->ws->idx == wsid) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "win %#x already on ws %d\n",
  		    win->id, wsid);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  	nws = &win->s->ws[wsid];
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "win %#x, ws %d -> %d\n", win->id, ws->idx, wsid);
  
  	mainw = find_main_window(win);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "focus %#x, mainw: %#x\n", WINID(ws->focus), WINID(mainw));
  
  	/* Transfer main window and any related transients. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(w, &ws->winlist, entry, tmpw) {
  		if (find_main_window(w) == mainw) {
  			if (ws->focus == w) {
  				ws->focus_pending = get_focus_other(w);
  
  				if (flags & SWM_WIN_UNFOCUS)
  					unfocus_win(w);
  			}
  
  			/* Unmap if new ws is hidden. */
  			if (!(flags & SWM_WIN_NOUNMAP) && nws->r == NULL)
  				unmap_window(w);
  
  			/* Transfer */
  			TAILQ_REMOVE(&ws->winlist, w, entry);
  			TAILQ_REMOVE(&ws->stack, w, stack_entry);
  			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&nws->winlist, w, entry);
  			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&nws->stack, w, stack_entry);
  			w->ws = nws;
  
  			/* Cleanup references. */
  			if (ws->focus == w)
  				ws->focus = NULL;
  			if (ws->focus_prev == w)
  				ws->focus_prev = NULL;
  			if (ws->focus_pending == w)
  				ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  			if (ws->focus_raise == w)
  				ws->focus_raise = NULL;
  
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "win %#x, set property: "
  			    "_NET_WM_DESKTOP: %d\n", w->id, wsid);
  			xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  			    w->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_DESKTOP].atom,
  			    XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 1, &wsid);
  		}
  	}
  
  	ewmh_update_client_list();
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOVE, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  pressbutton(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)r;
  
  	xcb_test_fake_input(conn, XCB_BUTTON_PRESS, args->id,
  	    XCB_CURRENT_TIME, XCB_WINDOW_NONE, 0, 0, 0);
  	xcb_test_fake_input(conn, XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE, args->id,
  	    XCB_CURRENT_TIME, XCB_WINDOW_NONE, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  
  void
  raise_focus(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*win;
  
  	/* Suppress warning. */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL || r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	win = r->ws->focus;
  	r->ws->focus_raise = win;
  	raise_window(win);
  	update_win_stacking(win);
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  void
  raise_toggle(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	/* Suppress warning. */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (r->ws->focus && MAXIMIZED(r->ws->focus))
  		return;
  
  	r->ws->always_raise = !r->ws->always_raise;
  
  	/* Update focused win stacking order based on new always_raise value. */
  	raise_window(r->ws->focus);
  	update_win_stacking(r->ws->focus);
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  void
  iconify(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  
  	/* Suppress warning. */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if ((w = r->ws->focus) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(w, w->ewmh_flags | EWMH_F_HIDDEN);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(w);
  
  	stack(r);
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  char *
  get_win_name(xcb_window_t win)
  {
  	char				*name = NULL;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*r;
  
  	/* First try _NET_WM_NAME for UTF-8. */
  	c = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win, ewmh[_NET_WM_NAME].atom,
  	    XCB_GET_PROPERTY_TYPE_ANY, 0, UINT_MAX);
  	r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  	if (r && r->type == XCB_NONE) {
  		free(r);
  		/* Use WM_NAME instead; no UTF-8. */
  		c = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win, XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME,
  		    XCB_GET_PROPERTY_TYPE_ANY, 0, UINT_MAX);
  		r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  	}
  
  	if (r && r->type != XCB_NONE && r->length > 0)
  		name = strndup(xcb_get_property_value(r),
  		    xcb_get_property_value_length(r));
  	else
  		name = strdup("");
  
  	if (name == NULL)
  		err(1, "get_win_name: failed to allocate memory.");
  
  	free(r);
  
  	return (name);
  }
  
  void
  uniconify(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	FILE			*lfile;
  	char			*name;
  	int			count = 0;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "begin\n");
  
  	if (r == NULL || r->ws == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	/* make sure we have anything to uniconify */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &r->ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (win->ws == NULL)
  			continue; /* should never happen */
  		if (!ICONIC(win))
  			continue;
  		count++;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "count: %d\n", count);
  
  	if (count == 0)
  		return;
  
  	search_r = r;
  	search_resp_action = SWM_SEARCH_UNICONIFY;
  
  	spawn_select(r, args, "search", &searchpid);
  
  	if ((lfile = fdopen(select_list_pipe[1], "w")) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &r->ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (win->ws == NULL)
  			continue; /* should never happen */
  		if (!ICONIC(win))
  			continue;
  
  		name = get_win_name(win->id);
  		fprintf(lfile, "%s.%u\n", name, win->id);
  		free(name);
  	}
  
  	fclose(lfile);
  }
  
  void
  name_workspace(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	FILE			*lfile;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "begin\n");
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	search_r = r;
  	search_resp_action = SWM_SEARCH_NAME_WORKSPACE;
  
  	spawn_select(r, args, "name_workspace", &searchpid);
  
  	if ((lfile = fdopen(select_list_pipe[1], "w")) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	fprintf(lfile, "%s", "");
  	fclose(lfile);
  }
  
  void
  search_workspace(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	int			i;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	FILE			*lfile;
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "begin\n");
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	search_r = r;
  	search_resp_action = SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WORKSPACE;
  
  	spawn_select(r, args, "search", &searchpid);
  
  	if ((lfile = fdopen(select_list_pipe[1], "w")) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++) {
  		ws = &r->s->ws[i];
  		if (ws == NULL)
  			continue;
  		fprintf(lfile, "%d%s%s\n", ws->idx + 1,
  		    (ws->name ? ":" : ""), (ws->name ? ws->name : ""));
  	}
  
  	fclose(lfile);
  }
  
  void
  search_win_cleanup(void)
  {
  	struct search_window	*sw = NULL;
  #ifndef __clang_analyzer__ /* Suppress false warnings. */
  	while ((sw = TAILQ_FIRST(&search_wl)) != NULL) {
  		xcb_destroy_window(conn, sw->indicator);
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(&search_wl, sw, entry);
  		free(sw);
  	}
  #endif
  }
  
  void
  search_win(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win = NULL;
  	struct search_window	*sw = NULL;
  	xcb_window_t		w;
  	uint32_t		wa[3];
  	int			i, width, height;
  	char			s[11];
  	FILE			*lfile;
  	size_t			len;
  	XftDraw			*draw;
  	XGlyphInfo		info;
  	GC			l_draw;
  	XGCValues		l_gcv;
  	XRectangle		l_ibox, l_lbox = {0, 0, 0, 0};
  
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "begin\n");
  
  	search_r = r;
  	search_resp_action = SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WINDOW;
  
  	spawn_select(r, args, "search", &searchpid);
  
  	if ((lfile = fdopen(select_list_pipe[1], "w")) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	i = 1;
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &r->ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (ICONIC(win))
  			continue;
  
  		sw = calloc(1, sizeof(struct search_window));
  		if (sw == NULL) {
  			warn("search_win: calloc");
  			fclose(lfile);
  			search_win_cleanup();
  			return;
  		}
  		sw->idx = i;
  		sw->win = win;
  
  		snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%d", i);
  		len = strlen(s);
  
  		w = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  		wa[0] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS].pixel;
  		wa[1] = r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].pixel;
  		wa[2] = r->s->colormap;
  
  		if (bar_font_legacy) {
  			TEXTEXTENTS(bar_fs, s, len, &l_ibox, &l_lbox);
  			width = l_lbox.width + 4;
  			height = bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height + 4;
  		} else {
  			XftTextExtentsUtf8(display, bar_xftfonts[0],
  			    (FcChar8 *)s, len, &info);
  			width = info.xOff + 4;
  			height = bar_xftfonts[0]->height + 4;
  		}
  
  		xcb_create_window(conn, win->s->depth, w, win->frame, 0, 0,
  		    width, height, 1, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
  		    win->s->visual, XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL |
  		    XCB_CW_COLORMAP, wa);
  
  		xcb_map_window(conn, w);
  
  		sw->indicator = w;
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&search_wl, sw, entry);
  
  		if (bar_font_legacy) {
  			l_gcv.graphics_exposures = 0;
  			l_draw = XCreateGC(display, w, 0, &l_gcv);
  
  			XSetForeground(display, l_draw,
  				r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].pixel);
  
  			DRAWSTRING(display, w, bar_fs, l_draw, 2,
  			    (bar_fs_extents->max_logical_extent.height -
  			    l_lbox.height) / 2 - l_lbox.y, s, len);
  
  			XFreeGC(display, l_draw);
  		} else {
  			draw = XftDrawCreate(display, w, r->s->xvisual,
  			    r->s->colormap);
  
  			XftDrawStringUtf8(draw, &search_font_color,
  			    bar_xftfonts[0], 2, (HEIGHT(r->bar) +
  			    bar_xftfonts[0]->height) / 2 -
  			    bar_xftfonts[0]->descent, (FcChar8 *)s, len);
  
  			XftDrawDestroy(draw);
  		}
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "mapped win %#x\n", w);
  
  		fprintf(lfile, "%d\n", i);
  		i++;
  	}
  
  	fclose(lfile);
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  void
  search_resp_uniconify(const char *resp, size_t len)
  {
  	char			*name;
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	char			*s;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "resp: %s\n", resp);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &search_r->ws->winlist, entry) {
  		if (!ICONIC(win))
  			continue;
  		name = get_win_name(win->id);
  		if (asprintf(&s, "%s.%u", name, win->id) == -1) {
  			free(name);
  			continue;
  		}
  		free(name);
  		if (strncmp(s, resp, len) == 0) {
  			/* XXX this should be a callback to generalize */
  			ewmh_apply_flags(win, win->ewmh_flags & ~EWMH_F_HIDDEN);
  			ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  			stack(search_r);
  			free(s);
  			break;
  		}
  		free(s);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  search_resp_name_workspace(const char *resp, size_t len)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "resp: %s\n", resp);
  
  	if (search_r->ws == NULL)
  		return;
  	ws = search_r->ws;
  
  	if (ws->name) {
  		free(search_r->ws->name);
  		search_r->ws->name = NULL;
  	}
  
  	if (len > 1) {
  		ws->name = strdup(resp);
  		if (ws->name == NULL) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "strdup: %s", strerror(errno));
  			return;
  		}
  
  		ewmh_update_desktop_names();
  		ewmh_get_desktop_names();
  	}
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_update_desktop_names(void)
  {
  	char			*name_list = NULL, *p;
  	int			num_screens, i, j, len = 0, tot = 0;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i) {
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; ++j) {
  			if (screens[i].ws[j].name != NULL)
  				len += strlen(screens[i].ws[j].name);
  			++len;
  		}
  
  		if ((name_list = calloc(len, sizeof(char))) == NULL)
  			err(1, "update_desktop_names: calloc: failed to "
  			    "allocate memory.");
  
  		p = name_list;
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; ++j) {
  			if (screens[i].ws[j].name != NULL) {
  				len = strlen(screens[i].ws[j].name);
  				memcpy(p, screens[i].ws[j].name, len);
  			} else {
  				len = 0;
  			}
  
  			p += len + 1;
  			tot += len + 1;
  		}
  
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  		    screens[i].root, ewmh[_NET_DESKTOP_NAMES].atom,
  		    a_utf8_string, 8, tot, name_list);
  
  		free(name_list);
  		name_list = NULL;
  	}
  
  	free(name_list);
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_get_desktop_names(void)
  {
  	char				*names = NULL;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*r;
  	int				num_screens, i, j, n, k;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i) {
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; ++j) {
  			free(screens[i].ws[j].name);
  			screens[i].ws[j].name = NULL;
  		}
  
  		c = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, screens[i].root,
  		    ewmh[_NET_DESKTOP_NAMES].atom,
  		    a_utf8_string, 0, UINT32_MAX);
  		r = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, c, NULL);
  		if (r == NULL)
  			continue;
  
  		names = xcb_get_property_value(r);
  		n = xcb_get_property_value_length(r);
  
  		for (j = 0, k = 0; j < n; ++j) {
  			if (*(names + j) != '\0') {
  				screens[i].ws[k].name = strdup(names + j);
  				j += strlen(names + j);
  			}
  			++k;
  		}
  		free(r);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_update_client_list(void)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	int			num_screens, i, j, k = 0, count = 0;
  	xcb_window_t		*wins;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i) {
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; ++j)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
  				++count;
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "win count: %d\n", count);
  
  		if (count == 0)
  			continue;
  
  		wins = calloc(count, sizeof(xcb_window_t));
  		if (wins == NULL)
  			err(1, "ewmh_update_client_list: calloc: failed to "
  			    "allocate memory.");
  
  		for (j = 0, k = 0; j < workspace_limit; ++j)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &screens[i].ws[j].winlist, entry)
  				wins[k++] = win->id;
  
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  		    screens[i].root, ewmh[_NET_CLIENT_LIST].atom,
  		    XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 32, count, wins);
  
  		free(wins);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_update_current_desktop(void)
  {
  	int			num_screens, i;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i) {
  		if (screens[i].r_focus)
  			xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  			    screens[i].root, ewmh[_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP].atom,
  			    XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 1,
  			    &screens[i].r_focus->ws->idx);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  ewmh_update_desktops(void)
  {
  	int			num_screens, i, j;
  	uint32_t		*vals;
  
  	vals = calloc(workspace_limit * 2, sizeof(uint32_t));
  	if (vals == NULL)
  		err(1, "ewmh_update_desktops: calloc: failed to allocate "
  		    "memory.");
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  		    screens[i].root, ewmh[_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS].atom,
  		    XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 1, &workspace_limit);
  
  		for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; ++j) {
  			if (screens[i].ws[j].r != NULL) {
  				vals[j * 2] = X(screens[i].ws[j].r);
  				vals[j * 2 + 1] = Y(screens[i].ws[j].r);
  			} else if (screens[i].ws[j].old_r != NULL) {
  				vals[j * 2] = X(screens[i].ws[j].old_r);
  				vals[j * 2 + 1] = Y(screens[i].ws[j].old_r);
  			} else {
  				vals[j * 2] = vals[j * 2 + 1] = 0;
  			}
  		}
  
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
  		    screens[i].root, ewmh[_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT].atom,
  		    XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, workspace_limit * 2, vals);
  	}
  
  	free(vals);
  }
  
  void
  search_resp_search_workspace(const char *resp)
  {
  	char			*p, *q;
  	int			ws_idx;
  	const char		*errstr;
  	union arg		a;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "resp: %s\n", resp);
  
  	q = strdup(resp);
  	if (q == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "strdup: %s", strerror(errno));
  		return;
  	}
  	p = strchr(q, ':');
  	if (p != NULL)
  		*p = '\0';
  	ws_idx = (int)strtonum(q, 1, workspace_limit, &errstr);
  	if (errstr) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "workspace idx is %s: %s", errstr, q);
  		free(q);
  		return;
  	}
  	free(q);
  	a.id = ws_idx - 1;
  	switchws(NULL, search_r, &a);
  }
  
  void
  search_resp_search_window(const char *resp)
  {
  	char			*s;
  	int			idx;
  	const char		*errstr;
  	struct search_window	*sw;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "resp: %s\n", resp);
  
  	s = strdup(resp);
  	if (s == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "strdup: %s", strerror(errno));
  		return;
  	}
  
  	idx = (int)strtonum(s, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
  	if (errstr) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "window idx is %s: %s", errstr, s);
  		free(s);
  		return;
  	}
  	free(s);
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(sw, &search_wl, entry)
  		if (idx == sw->idx) {
  			focus_win(sw->win);
  			break;
  		}
  }
  
  #define MAX_RESP_LEN	1024
  
  void
  search_do_resp(void)
  {
  	ssize_t			rbytes;
  	char			*resp;
  	size_t			len;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "begin\n");
  
  	search_resp = 0;
  	searchpid = 0;
  
  	if ((resp = calloc(1, MAX_RESP_LEN + 1)) == NULL) {
  		warn("search: calloc");
  		goto done;
  	}
  
  	rbytes = read(select_resp_pipe[0], resp, MAX_RESP_LEN);
  	if (rbytes <= 0) {
  		warn("search: read error");
  		goto done;
  	}
  	resp[rbytes] = '\0';
  
  	/* XXX:
  	 * Older versions of dmenu (Atleast pre 4.4.1) do not send a
  	 * newline, so work around that by sanitizing the resp now.
  	 */
  	resp[strcspn(resp, "\n")] = '\0';
  	len = strlen(resp);
  
  	switch (search_resp_action) {
  	case SWM_SEARCH_UNICONIFY:
  		search_resp_uniconify(resp, len);
  		break;
  	case SWM_SEARCH_NAME_WORKSPACE:
  		search_resp_name_workspace(resp, len);
  		break;
  	case SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WORKSPACE:
  		search_resp_search_workspace(resp);
  		break;
  	case SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WINDOW:
  		search_resp_search_window(resp);
  		break;
  	}
  
  done:
  	if (search_resp_action == SWM_SEARCH_SEARCH_WINDOW)
  		search_win_cleanup();
  
  	search_resp_action = SWM_SEARCH_NONE;
  	close(select_resp_pipe[0]);
  	free(resp);
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  void
  wkill(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	(void)bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, id: %d\n", WINID(r->ws->focus),
  	    args->id);
  
  	if (r->ws->focus == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (args->id == SWM_ARG_ID_KILLWINDOW)
  		xcb_kill_client(conn, r->ws->focus->id);
  	else
  		if (r->ws->focus->can_delete)
  			client_msg(r->ws->focus, a_delete, 0);
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  int
  clear_maximized(struct workspace *ws)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	int			count = 0;
  
  	if (ws == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "ws: %d\n", ws->idx);
  
  	if (ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])
  		goto out;
  
  	/* Clear any maximized win(s) on ws, from bottom up. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(w, &ws->stack, ws_win_stack, stack_entry)
  		if (MAXIMIZED(w)) {
  			ewmh_apply_flags(w, w->ewmh_flags & ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED);
  			ewmh_update_wm_state(w);
  			++count;
  		}
  out:
  	return (count);
  }
  
  void
  maximize_toggle(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w = r->ws->focus;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if (w == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", w->id);
  
  	if (FULLSCREEN(w))
  		return;
  
  	if (w->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])
  		return;
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(w, w->ewmh_flags ^ EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(w);
  
  	stack(r);
  
  	if (w == w->ws->focus)
  		focus_win(w);
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  floating_toggle(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w = r->ws->focus;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if (w == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", w->id);
  
  	if (FULLSCREEN(w) || TRANS(w))
  		return;
  
  	if (w->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])
  		return;
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(w, w->ewmh_flags ^ EWMH_F_ABOVE);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(w);
  
  	stack(r);
  
  	if (w == w->ws->focus)
  		focus_win(w);
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  fullscreen_toggle(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w = r->ws->focus;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)bp;
  	(void)args;
  
  	if (w == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", w->id);
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(w, w->ewmh_flags ^ EWMH_F_FULLSCREEN);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(w);
  
  	stack(r);
  
  	if (w == w->ws->focus)
  		focus_win(w);
  
  	center_pointer(r);
  	focus_flush();
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done\n");
  }
  void
  region_containment(struct ws_win *win, struct swm_region *r, int opts)
  {
  	struct swm_geometry		g = r->g;
  	int				rt, lt, tp, bm, bw;
  
  	bw = (opts & SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY) ? boundary_width : 0;
  
  	/*
  	 * Perpendicular distance of each side of the window to the respective
  	 * side of the region boundary.  Positive values indicate the side of
  	 * the window has passed beyond the region boundary.
  	 */
  	rt = (opts & SWM_CW_RIGHT) ? MAX_X(win) - MAX_X(r) : bw;
  	lt = (opts & SWM_CW_LEFT) ? X(r) - X(win) : bw;
  	bm = (opts & SWM_CW_BOTTOM) ? MAX_Y(win) - MAX_Y(r) : bw;
  	tp = (opts & SWM_CW_TOP) ? Y(r) - Y(win) : bw;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, rt: %d, lt: %d, bm: %d, tp: %d, "
  	    "SOFTBOUNDARY: %s, HARDBOUNDARY: %s\n", win->id, rt, lt, bm, tp,
  	    YESNO(opts & SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY),
  	    YESNO(opts & SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY));
  
  	/*
  	 * Disable containment if any of the flagged sides went beyond the
  	 * containment boundary, or if containment is disabled.
  	 */
  	if (!(opts & SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY || opts & SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY) ||
  	    (bw != 0 && ((rt > bw) || (lt > bw) || (bm > bw) || (tp > bw)))) {
  		/* Make sure window has at least 1 pixel in the region */
  		g.x += 1 - WIDTH(win);
  		g.y += 1 - HEIGHT(win);
  		g.w += 2 * WIDTH(win) - 2;
  		g.h += 2 * HEIGHT(win) - 2;
  	}
  
  	constrain_window(win, &g, &opts);
  }
  
  /* Move or resize a window so that flagged side(s) fit into the supplied box. */
  void
  constrain_window(struct ws_win *win, struct swm_geometry *b, int *opts)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d, "
  	    "box: (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d, rt: %s, lt: %s, bt: %s, "
  	    "tp: %s, allow resize: %s\n", win->id, X(win), Y(win), WIDTH(win),
  	    HEIGHT(win), b->x, b->y, b->w, b->h, YESNO(*opts & SWM_CW_RIGHT),
  	    YESNO(*opts & SWM_CW_LEFT), YESNO(*opts & SWM_CW_BOTTOM),
  	    YESNO(*opts & SWM_CW_TOP), YESNO(*opts & SWM_CW_RESIZABLE));
  
  	if ((*opts & SWM_CW_RIGHT) && MAX_X(win) > b->x + b->w) {
  		if (*opts & SWM_CW_RESIZABLE)
  			WIDTH(win) = b->x + b->w - X(win);
  		else
  			X(win) = b->x + b->w - WIDTH(win);
  	}
  
  	if ((*opts & SWM_CW_LEFT) && X(win) < b->x) {
  		if (*opts & SWM_CW_RESIZABLE)
  			WIDTH(win) -= b->x - X(win);
  
  		X(win) = b->x;
  	}
  
  	if ((*opts & SWM_CW_BOTTOM) && MAX_Y(win) > b->y + b->h) {
  		if (*opts & SWM_CW_RESIZABLE)
  			HEIGHT(win) = b->y + b->h - Y(win);
  		else
  			Y(win) = b->y + b->h - HEIGHT(win);
  	}
  
  	if ((*opts & SWM_CW_TOP) && Y(win) < b->y) {
  		if (*opts & SWM_CW_RESIZABLE)
  			HEIGHT(win) -= b->y - Y(win);
  
  		Y(win) = b->y;
  	}
  
  	if (*opts & SWM_CW_RESIZABLE) {
  		if (WIDTH(win) < 1)
  			WIDTH(win) = 1;
  		if (HEIGHT(win) < 1)
  			HEIGHT(win) = 1;
  	}
  }
  
  void
  draw_frame(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_rectangle_t		rect[4];
  	uint32_t		*pixel;
  	int			n = 0;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (win->frame == XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x not reparented\n", win->id);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (!win->bordered) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x frame disabled\n", win->id);
  	}
  
  	if (WS_FOCUSED(win->ws) && win->ws->focus == win)
  		pixel = MAXIMIZED(win) ?
  		    &win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED].pixel :
  		    &win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS].pixel;
  	else
  		pixel = MAXIMIZED(win) ?
  		    &win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED].pixel :
  		    &win->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].pixel;
  
  	/* Top (with corners) */
  	rect[n].x = 0;
  	rect[n].y = 0;
  	rect[n].width = WIDTH(win) + 2 * border_width;
  	rect[n].height = border_width;
  	/* Left (without corners) */
  	rect[++n].x = 0;
  	rect[n].y = border_width;
  	rect[n].width = border_width;
  	rect[n].height = HEIGHT(win);
  	/* Right (without corners) */
  	rect[++n].x = border_width + WIDTH(win);
  	rect[n].y = border_width;
  	rect[n].width = border_width;
  	rect[n].height = HEIGHT(win);
  	/* Bottom (with corners)*/
  	rect[++n].x = 0;
  	rect[n].y = border_width + HEIGHT(win);
  	rect[n].width = WIDTH(win) + 2 * border_width;
  	rect[n].height = border_width;
  
  	xcb_change_gc(conn, win->s->gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, pixel);
  	xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, win->frame, win->s->gc, 4, rect);
  }
  
  void
  update_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	uint16_t	mask;
  	uint32_t	wc[5];
  
  	if (win->frame == XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "skip win %#x; not reparented\n",
  		    win->id);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	mask = XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y |
  	    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT |
  	    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH;
  
  	/* Reconfigure frame. */
  	if (win->bordered) {
  		wc[0] = X(win) - border_width;
  		wc[1] = Y(win) - border_width;
  		wc[2] = WIDTH(win) + 2 * border_width;
  		wc[3] = HEIGHT(win) + 2 * border_width;
  	} else {
  		wc[0] = X(win);
  		wc[1] = Y(win);
  		wc[2] = WIDTH(win);
  		wc[3] = HEIGHT(win);
  	}
  
  	wc[4] = 0;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x frame %#x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d,"
  	    " bordered: %s\n", win->id, win->frame, wc[0], wc[1], wc[2], wc[3],
  	    YESNO(win->bordered));
  
  	xcb_configure_window(conn, win->frame, mask, wc);
  
  	/* Reconfigure client window. */
  	wc[0] = wc[1] = win->bordered ? border_width : 0;
  	wc[2] = WIDTH(win);
  	wc[3] = HEIGHT(win);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d, "
  	    "bordered: %s\n", win->id, wc[0], wc[1], wc[2], wc[3],
  	    YESNO(win->bordered));
  	xcb_configure_window(conn, win->id, mask, wc);
  
  	/* ICCCM 4.2.3 Synthetic ConfigureNotify when moved and not resized. */
  	if ((X(win) != win->g_prev.x || Y(win) != win->g_prev.y) &&
  	    (win->java || (WIDTH(win) == win->g_prev.w &&
  	    HEIGHT(win) == win->g_prev.h))) {
  		/* Java has special needs when moved together with a resize. */
  		config_win(win, NULL);
  	}
  
  	win->g_prev = win->g;
  }
  
  struct event {
  	SIMPLEQ_ENTRY(event)	entry;
  	xcb_generic_event_t	*ev;
  };
  SIMPLEQ_HEAD(event_queue, event) events = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(events);
  
  xcb_generic_event_t *
  get_next_event(bool dowait)
  {
  	struct event		*ep;
  	xcb_generic_event_t	*evt;
  
  	/* Try queue first. */
  	if ((ep = SIMPLEQ_FIRST(&events))) {
  		evt = ep->ev;
  		SIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&events, entry);
  		free(ep);
  	} else if (dowait)
  		evt = xcb_wait_for_event(conn);
  	else
  		evt = xcb_poll_for_event(conn);
  
  	return (evt);
  }
  
  void
  put_back_event(xcb_generic_event_t *evt)
  {
  	struct event	*ep;
  	if ((ep = malloc(sizeof (struct event))) == NULL)
  		err(1, "put_back_event: failed to allocate memory.");
  	ep->ev = evt;
  	SIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&events, ep, entry);
  }
  
  /* Peeks at next event to detect auto-repeat. */
  bool
  keyrepeating(xcb_key_release_event_t *kre)
  {
  	xcb_generic_event_t	*evt;
  
  	/* Ensure repeating keypress is finished processing. */
  	xcb_aux_sync(conn);
  
  	if ((evt = get_next_event(false))) {
  		put_back_event(evt);
  
  		if (XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt) == XCB_KEY_PRESS &&
  		   kre->sequence == evt->sequence &&
  		   kre->detail == ((xcb_key_press_event_t *)evt)->detail)
  			return (true);
  	}
  
  	return (false);
  }
  
  bool
  keybindreleased(struct binding *bp, xcb_key_release_event_t *kre)
  {
  	if (bp->type == KEYBIND && !keyrepeating(kre) &&
  		bp->value == xcb_key_press_lookup_keysym(syms, kre, 0))
  		return (true);
  
  	return (false);
  }
  
  #define SWM_RESIZE_STEPS	(50)
  
  void
  resize_win(struct ws_win *win, struct binding *bp, int opt)
  {
  	xcb_timestamp_t		timestamp = 0, mintime;
  	struct swm_region	*r = NULL;
  	struct swm_geometry	g;
  	int			top = 0, left = 0;
  	int			dx, dy;
  	xcb_cursor_t			cursor;
  	xcb_query_pointer_reply_t	*xpr = NULL;
  	xcb_generic_event_t		*evt;
  	xcb_motion_notify_event_t	*mne;
  	bool			resizing, step = false;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  	r = win->ws->r;
  
  	if (FULLSCREEN(win))
  		return;
  
  	/* In max_stack mode, should only resize transients. */
  	if (win->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK] && !TRANS(win))
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, floating: %s, transient: %#x\n",
  	    win->id, YESNO(ABOVE(win)), win->transient);
  
  	if (MAXIMIZED(win))
  		store_float_geom(win);
  	else if (!(TRANS(win) || ABOVE(win)))
  		return;
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(win, (win->ewmh_flags | SWM_F_MANUAL | EWMH_F_ABOVE) &
  	    ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  
  	stack(r);
  
  	focus_flush();
  
  	/* It's possible for win to have been freed during focus_flush(). */
  	if (validate_win(win)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "invalid win\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	switch (opt) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_WIDTHSHRINK:
  		WIDTH(win) -= SWM_RESIZE_STEPS;
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_WIDTHGROW:
  		WIDTH(win) += SWM_RESIZE_STEPS;
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_HEIGHTSHRINK:
  		HEIGHT(win) -= SWM_RESIZE_STEPS;
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_HEIGHTGROW:
  		HEIGHT(win) += SWM_RESIZE_STEPS;
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	default:
  		break;
  	}
  	if (step) {
  		region_containment(win, r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES | SWM_CW_RESIZABLE |
  		    SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY);
  		update_window(win);
  		store_float_geom(win);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	region_containment(win, r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES | SWM_CW_RESIZABLE |
  	    SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY);
  	update_window(win);
  
  	/* get cursor offset from window root */
  	xpr = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, xcb_query_pointer(conn, win->id),
  	    NULL);
  	if (xpr == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	mintime = 1000 / r->s->rate;
  
  	g = win->g;
  
  	if (xpr->win_x < WIDTH(win) / 2)
  		left = 1;
  
  	if (xpr->win_y < HEIGHT(win) / 2)
  		top = 1;
  
  	if (opt == SWM_ARG_ID_CENTER)
  		cursor = cursors[XC_SIZING].cid;
  	else if (top)
  		cursor = cursors[left ? XC_TOP_LEFT_CORNER :
  		    XC_TOP_RIGHT_CORNER].cid;
  	else
  		cursor = cursors[left ? XC_BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER :
  		    XC_BOTTOM_RIGHT_CORNER].cid;
  
  	xcb_grab_pointer(conn, 0, win->id, MOUSEMASK,
  	    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_WINDOW_NONE, cursor,
  	    XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  
  	/* Release keyboard freeze if called via keybind. */
  	if (bp->type == KEYBIND)
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_KEYBOARD,
  		    XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  	resizing = true;
  	while (resizing && (evt = get_next_event(true))) {
  		switch (XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt)) {
  		case XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE:
  			if (bp->type == BTNBIND && bp->value ==
  			    ((xcb_button_release_event_t *)evt)->detail)
  				resizing = false;
  			break;
  		case XCB_KEY_RELEASE:
  			if (keybindreleased(bp, (xcb_key_release_event_t *)evt))
  				resizing = false;
  			break;
  		case XCB_MOTION_NOTIFY:
  			mne = (xcb_motion_notify_event_t *)evt;
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "MOTION_NOTIFY: root: %#x\n",
  			    mne->root);
  
  			/* cursor offset/delta from start of the operation */
  			dx = mne->root_x - xpr->root_x;
  			dy = mne->root_y - xpr->root_y;
  
  			/* vertical */
  			if (top)
  				dy = -dy;
  
  			if (opt == SWM_ARG_ID_CENTER) {
  				if (g.h / 2 + dy < 1)
  					dy = 1 - g.h / 2;
  
  				Y(win) = g.y - dy;
  				HEIGHT(win) = g.h + 2 * dy;
  			} else {
  				if (g.h + dy < 1)
  					dy = 1 - g.h;
  
  				if (top)
  					Y(win) = g.y - dy;
  
  				HEIGHT(win) = g.h + dy;
  			}
  
  			/* horizontal */
  			if (left)
  				dx = -dx;
  
  			if (opt == SWM_ARG_ID_CENTER) {
  				if (g.w / 2 + dx < 1)
  					dx = 1 - g.w / 2;
  
  				X(win) = g.x - dx;
  				WIDTH(win) = g.w + 2 * dx;
  			} else {
  				if (g.w + dx < 1)
  					dx = 1 - g.w;
  
  				if (left)
  					X(win) = g.x - dx;
  
  				WIDTH(win) = g.w + dx;
  			}
  
  			/* Don't sync faster than the current rate limit. */
  			if ((mne->time - timestamp) > mintime) {
  				timestamp = mne->time;
  				regionize(win, mne->root_x, mne->root_y);
  				region_containment(win, r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES |
  				    SWM_CW_RESIZABLE | SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY |
  				    SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY);
  				update_window(win);
  				xcb_flush(conn);
  			}
  			break;
  		case XCB_BUTTON_PRESS:
  			/* Ignore. */
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "BUTTON_PRESS ignored\n");
  			xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_POINTER,
  			    ((xcb_button_press_event_t *)evt)->time);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  			break;
  		case XCB_KEY_PRESS:
  			/* Ignore. */
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "KEY_PRESS ignored\n");
  			xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_KEYBOARD,
  			    ((xcb_key_press_event_t *)evt)->time);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  			break;
  		default:
  			event_handle(evt);
  
  			/* It's possible for win to have been freed above. */
  			if (validate_win(win)) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "invalid win\n");
  				goto out;
  			}
  			break;
  		}
  		free(evt);
  	}
  	if (timestamp) {
  		region_containment(win, r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES | SWM_CW_RESIZABLE |
  		    SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY | SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY);
  		update_window(win);
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  	}
  	store_float_geom(win);
  out:
  	xcb_ungrab_pointer(conn, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  	free(xpr);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  resize(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win = NULL;
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (args->id != SWM_ARG_ID_DONTCENTER &&
  	    args->id != SWM_ARG_ID_CENTER) {
  		/* keyboard resize uses the focus window. */
  		if (r->ws)
  			win = r->ws->focus;
  	} else
  		/* mouse resize uses pointer window. */
  		win = get_pointer_win(r->s);
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	resize_win(win, bp, args->id);
  
  	if (args->id && bp->type == KEYBIND)
  		center_pointer(r);
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  /* Try to set window region based on supplied coordinates or window center. */
  void
  regionize(struct ws_win *win, int x, int y)
  {
  	struct swm_region *r, *r_orig;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	r_orig = win->ws->r;
  
  	r = region_under(win->s, x, y);
  	if (r == NULL)
  		r = region_under(win->s, X(win) + WIDTH(win) / 2,
  		    Y(win) + HEIGHT(win) / 2);
  
  	if (r && r != r_orig) {
  		clear_maximized(r->ws);
  
  		win_to_ws(win, r->ws->idx, 0);
  
  		/* Need to restack both regions. */
  		stack(r_orig);
  		stack(r);
  
  		/* Set focus on new ws. */
  		unfocus_win(r->ws->focus);
  		r->ws->focus = win;
  
  		set_region(r);
  		raise_window(win);
  		update_win_stacking(win);
  	}
  }
  
  #define SWM_MOVE_STEPS	(50)
  
  void
  move_win(struct ws_win *win, struct binding *bp, int opt)
  {
  	struct swm_region		*r;
  	xcb_timestamp_t			timestamp = 0, mintime;
  	xcb_query_pointer_reply_t	*qpr = NULL;
  	xcb_generic_event_t		*evt;
  	xcb_motion_notify_event_t	*mne;
  	bool				moving, restack = false, step = false;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if ((r = win->ws->r) == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (FULLSCREEN(win))
  		return;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, floating: %s, transient: %#x\n",
  	    win->id, YESNO(ABOVE(win)), win->transient);
  
  	/* in max_stack mode should only move transients */
  	if (win->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK] && !TRANS(win))
  		return;
  
  	if (!(ABOVE(win) || TRANS(win)) || MAXIMIZED(win)) {
  		store_float_geom(win);
  		restack = true;
  	}
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(win, (win->ewmh_flags | SWM_F_MANUAL | EWMH_F_ABOVE) &
  	    ~EWMH_F_MAXIMIZED);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  
  	if (restack)
  		stack(r);
  
  	focus_flush();
  
  	/* It's possible for win to have been freed during focus_flush(). */
  	if (validate_win(win)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "invalid win.\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	switch (opt) {
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MOVELEFT:
  		X(win) -= (SWM_MOVE_STEPS - border_width);
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MOVERIGHT:
  		X(win) += (SWM_MOVE_STEPS - border_width);
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MOVEUP:
  		Y(win) -= (SWM_MOVE_STEPS - border_width);
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	case SWM_ARG_ID_MOVEDOWN:
  		Y(win) += (SWM_MOVE_STEPS - border_width);
  		step = true;
  		break;
  	default:
  		break;
  	}
  	if (step) {
  		regionize(win, -1, -1);
  		region_containment(win, win->ws->r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES);
  		update_window(win);
  		store_float_geom(win);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	xcb_grab_pointer(conn, 0, win->id, MOUSEMASK,
  	    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC,
  	    XCB_WINDOW_NONE, cursors[XC_FLEUR].cid, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  
  	/* get cursor offset from window root */
  	qpr = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, xcb_query_pointer(conn, win->id),
  		NULL);
  	if (qpr == NULL) {
  		xcb_ungrab_pointer(conn, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	/* Release keyboard freeze if called via keybind. */
  	if (bp->type == KEYBIND)
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_KEYBOARD,
  		     XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  
  	mintime = 1000 / r->s->rate;
  
  	regionize(win, qpr->root_x, qpr->root_y);
  	region_containment(win, win->ws->r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES |
  	    SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY);
  	update_window(win);
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  	moving = true;
  	while (moving && (evt = get_next_event(true))) {
  		switch (XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt)) {
  		case XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE:
  			if (bp->type == BTNBIND && bp->value ==
  			    ((xcb_button_release_event_t *)evt)->detail)
  				moving = false;
  
  			xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_POINTER,
  			    ((xcb_button_release_event_t *)evt)->time);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  			break;
  		case XCB_KEY_RELEASE:
  			if (keybindreleased(bp, (xcb_key_release_event_t *)evt))
  				moving = false;
  
  			xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_KEYBOARD,
  			    ((xcb_key_release_event_t *)evt)->time);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  			break;
  		case XCB_MOTION_NOTIFY:
  			mne = (xcb_motion_notify_event_t *)evt;
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "MOTION_NOTIFY: root: %#x time: "
  			    "%#x\n", mne->root, mne->time);
  			X(win) = mne->root_x - qpr->win_x;
  			Y(win) = mne->root_y - qpr->win_y;
  
  			/* Don't sync faster than the current rate limit. */
  			if ((mne->time - timestamp) > mintime) {
  				timestamp = mne->time;
  				regionize(win, mne->root_x, mne->root_y);
  				region_containment(win, win->ws->r,
  				    SWM_CW_ALLSIDES | SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY);
  				update_window(win);
  				xcb_flush(conn);
  			}
  			break;
  		case XCB_BUTTON_PRESS:
  			/* Thaw and ignore. */
  			xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_POINTER,
  			    ((xcb_button_press_event_t *)evt)->time);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  			break;
  		case XCB_KEY_PRESS:
  			/* Ignore. */
  			xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_ASYNC_KEYBOARD,
  			    ((xcb_key_press_event_t *)evt)->time);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  			break;
  		default:
  			event_handle(evt);
  
  			/* It's possible for win to have been freed. */
  			if (validate_win(win)) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "invalid win\n");
  				goto out;
  			}
  			break;
  		}
  		free(evt);
  	}
  	if (timestamp) {
  		region_containment(win, win->ws->r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES |
  		    SWM_CW_SOFTBOUNDARY);
  		update_window(win);
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  	}
  	store_float_geom(win);
  
  	/* New region set to max layout. */
  	if (win->ws->r && win->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK]) {
  		stack(win->ws->r);
  		focus_flush();
  	}
  
  out:
  	free(qpr);
  	xcb_ungrab_pointer(conn, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  move(struct binding *bp, struct swm_region *r, union arg *args)
  {
  	struct ws_win			*win = NULL;
  
  	if (r == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	if (args->id) {
  		/* Keyboard move uses the focus window. */
  		if (r->ws)
  			win = r->ws->focus;
  
  		/* Disallow move_ on tiled. */
  		if (win && !(TRANS(win) || ABOVE(win)))
  			return;
  	} else
  		/* Mouse move uses the pointer window. */
  		win = get_pointer_win(r->s);
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	move_win(win, bp, args->id);
  
  	if (args->id && bp->type == KEYBIND)
  		center_pointer(r);
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  /* action definitions */
  struct action {
  	char			name[SWM_FUNCNAME_LEN];
  	void			(*func)(struct binding *, struct swm_region *,
  				    union arg *);
  	uint32_t		flags;
  	union arg		args;
  } actions[FN_INVALID + 2] = {
  	/* name			function	argument */
  	{ "bar_toggle",		bar_toggle,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_BAR_TOGGLE} },
  	{ "bar_toggle_ws",	bar_toggle,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_BAR_TOGGLE_WS} },
  	{ "button2",		pressbutton,	0, {.id = 2} },
  	{ "cycle_layout",	switchlayout,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLE_LAYOUT} },
  	{ "flip_layout",	stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FLIPLAYOUT} },
  	{ "float_toggle",	floating_toggle,0, {0} },
  	{ "focus",		focus_pointer,	0, {0} },
  	{ "focus_main",		focus,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSMAIN} },
  	{ "focus_next",		focus,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSNEXT} },
  	{ "focus_prev",		focus,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSPREV} },
  	{ "focus_urgent",	focus,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_FOCUSURGENT} },
  	{ "fullscreen_toggle",	fullscreen_toggle, 0, {0} },
  	{ "maximize_toggle",	maximize_toggle,0, {0} },
  	{ "height_grow",	resize,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_HEIGHTGROW} },
  	{ "height_shrink",	resize,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_HEIGHTSHRINK} },
  	{ "iconify",		iconify,	0, {0} },
  	{ "layout_vertical",	switchlayout,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_VERTICAL} },
  	{ "layout_horizontal",	switchlayout,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_HORIZONTAL} },
  	{ "layout_max"	,	switchlayout,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_LAYOUT_MAX} },
  	{ "master_shrink",	stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERSHRINK} },
  	{ "master_grow",	stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERGROW} },
  	{ "master_add",		stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERADD} },
  	{ "master_del",		stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERDEL} },
  	{ "move",		move,		FN_F_NOREPLAY, {0} },
  	{ "move_down",		move,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MOVEDOWN} },
  	{ "move_left",		move,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MOVELEFT} },
  	{ "move_right",		move,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MOVERIGHT} },
  	{ "move_up",		move,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_MOVEUP} },
  	{ "mvrg_1",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 0} },
  	{ "mvrg_2",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 1} },
  	{ "mvrg_3",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 2} },
  	{ "mvrg_4",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 3} },
  	{ "mvrg_5",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 4} },
  	{ "mvrg_6",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 5} },
  	{ "mvrg_7",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 6} },
  	{ "mvrg_8",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 7} },
  	{ "mvrg_9",		send_to_rg,	0, {.id = 8} },
  	{ "mvrg_next",		send_to_rg_relative,	0, {.id = 1} },
  	{ "mvrg_prev",		send_to_rg_relative,	0, {.id = -1} },
  	{ "mvws_1",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 0} },
  	{ "mvws_2",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 1} },
  	{ "mvws_3",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 2} },
  	{ "mvws_4",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 3} },
  	{ "mvws_5",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 4} },
  	{ "mvws_6",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 5} },
  	{ "mvws_7",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 6} },
  	{ "mvws_8",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 7} },
  	{ "mvws_9",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 8} },
  	{ "mvws_10",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 9} },
  	{ "mvws_11",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 10} },
  	{ "mvws_12",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 11} },
  	{ "mvws_13",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 12} },
  	{ "mvws_14",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 13} },
  	{ "mvws_15",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 14} },
  	{ "mvws_16",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 15} },
  	{ "mvws_17",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 16} },
  	{ "mvws_18",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 17} },
  	{ "mvws_19",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 18} },
  	{ "mvws_20",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 19} },
  	{ "mvws_21",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 20} },
  	{ "mvws_22",		send_to_ws,	0, {.id = 21} },
  	{ "name_workspace",	name_workspace,	0, {0} },
  	{ "quit",		quit,		0, {0} },
  	{ "raise",		raise_focus,	0, {0} },
  	{ "raise_toggle",	raise_toggle,	0, {0} },
  	{ "resize",		resize, FN_F_NOREPLAY, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_DONTCENTER} },
  	{ "resize_centered",	resize, FN_F_NOREPLAY, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CENTER} },
  	{ "restart",		restart,	0, {0} },
  	{ "restart_of_day",	restart,	0, {SWM_ARG_ID_RESTARTOFDAY} },
  	{ "rg_1",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 0} },
  	{ "rg_2",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 1} },
  	{ "rg_3",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 2} },
  	{ "rg_4",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 3} },
  	{ "rg_5",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 4} },
  	{ "rg_6",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 5} },
  	{ "rg_7",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 6} },
  	{ "rg_8",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 7} },
  	{ "rg_9",		focusrg,	0, {.id = 8} },
  	{ "rg_move_next",	cyclerg,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_UP} },
  	{ "rg_move_prev",	cyclerg,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_MOVE_DOWN} },
  	{ "rg_next",		cyclerg,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_UP} },
  	{ "rg_prev",		cyclerg,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_DOWN} },
  	{ "screen_next",	cyclerg,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_UP} },
  	{ "screen_prev",	cyclerg,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLERG_DOWN} },
  	{ "search_win",		search_win,	0, {0} },
  	{ "search_workspace",	search_workspace,	0, {0} },
  	{ "spawn_custom",	NULL,		0, {0} },
  	{ "stack_balance",	stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_STACKBALANCE} },
  	{ "stack_inc",		stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINC} },
  	{ "stack_dec",		stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_STACKDEC} },
  	{ "stack_reset",	stack_config,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_STACKRESET} },
  	{ "swap_main",		swapwin,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPMAIN} },
  	{ "swap_next",		swapwin,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPNEXT} },
  	{ "swap_prev",		swapwin,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_SWAPPREV} },
  	{ "uniconify",		uniconify,	0, {0} },
  	{ "version",		version,	0, {0} },
  	{ "width_grow",		resize,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_WIDTHGROW} },
  	{ "width_shrink",	resize,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_WIDTHSHRINK} },
  	{ "wind_del",		wkill,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_DELETEWINDOW} },
  	{ "wind_kill",		wkill,		0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_KILLWINDOW} },
  	{ "ws_1",		switchws,	0, {.id = 0} },
  	{ "ws_2",		switchws,	0, {.id = 1} },
  	{ "ws_3",		switchws,	0, {.id = 2} },
  	{ "ws_4",		switchws,	0, {.id = 3} },
  	{ "ws_5",		switchws,	0, {.id = 4} },
  	{ "ws_6",		switchws,	0, {.id = 5} },
  	{ "ws_7",		switchws,	0, {.id = 6} },
  	{ "ws_8",		switchws,	0, {.id = 7} },
  	{ "ws_9",		switchws,	0, {.id = 8} },
  	{ "ws_10",		switchws,	0, {.id = 9} },
  	{ "ws_11",		switchws,	0, {.id = 10} },
  	{ "ws_12",		switchws,	0, {.id = 11} },
  	{ "ws_13",		switchws,	0, {.id = 12} },
  	{ "ws_14",		switchws,	0, {.id = 13} },
  	{ "ws_15",		switchws,	0, {.id = 14} },
  	{ "ws_16",		switchws,	0, {.id = 15} },
  	{ "ws_17",		switchws,	0, {.id = 16} },
  	{ "ws_18",		switchws,	0, {.id = 17} },
  	{ "ws_19",		switchws,	0, {.id = 18} },
  	{ "ws_20",		switchws,	0, {.id = 19} },
  	{ "ws_21",		switchws,	0, {.id = 20} },
  	{ "ws_22",		switchws,	0, {.id = 21} },
  	{ "ws_empty",		emptyws,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_WS_EMPTY} },
  	{ "ws_empty_move",	emptyws,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_WS_EMPTY_MOVE} },
  	{ "ws_next",		cyclews,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP} },
  	{ "ws_next_all",	cyclews,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_UP_ALL} },
  	{ "ws_next_move",	cyclews,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_MOVE_UP} },
  	{ "ws_prev",		cyclews,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN} },
  	{ "ws_prev_all",	cyclews,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_DOWN_ALL} },
  	{ "ws_prev_move",	cyclews,	0, {.id = SWM_ARG_ID_CYCLEWS_MOVE_DOWN} },
  	{ "ws_prior",		priorws,	0, {0} },
  	/* SWM_DEBUG actions MUST be here: */
  	{ "debug_toggle",	debug_toggle,	0, {0} },
  	{ "dumpwins",		dumpwins,	0, {0} },
  	/* ALWAYS last: */
  	{ "invalid action",	NULL,		0, {0} },
  };
  
  void
  update_modkey(uint16_t mod)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp;
  
  	/* Replace all instances of the old mod key. */
  	RB_FOREACH(bp, binding_tree, &bindings)
  		if (bp->mod & mod_key)
  			bp->mod = (bp->mod & ~mod_key) | mod;
  	mod_key = mod;
  }
  
  int
  spawn_expand(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args, const char *spawn_name,
      char ***ret_args)
  {
  	struct spawn_prog	*prog = NULL;
  	int			i, c;
  	char			*ap, **real_args;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)args;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "%s\n", spawn_name);
  
  	/* find program */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(prog, &spawns, entry) {
  		if (strcasecmp(spawn_name, prog->name) == 0)
  			break;
  	}
  	if (prog == NULL) {
  		warnx("spawn_custom: program %s not found", spawn_name);
  		return (-1);
  	}
  
  	/* make room for expanded args */
  	if ((real_args = calloc(prog->argc + 1, sizeof(char *))) == NULL)
  		err(1, "spawn_custom: calloc real_args");
  
  	/* expand spawn_args into real_args */
  	for (i = c = 0; i < prog->argc; i++) {
  		ap = prog->argv[i];
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "raw arg: %s\n", ap);
  		if (strcasecmp(ap, "$bar_border") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1,  "spawn_custom border color");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$bar_color") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom bar color");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$bar_color_selected") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_SELECTED].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom bar color selected");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$bar_font") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] = strdup(bar_fonts))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom bar fonts");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$bar_font_color") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom color font");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$bar_font_color_selected") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT_SELECTED].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom bar font color selected");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$color_focus") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom color focus");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$color_focus_maximized") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom color focus maximized");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$color_unfocus") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom color unfocus");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$color_unfocus_maximized") == 0) {
  			if ((real_args[c] =
  			    strdup(r->s->c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED].name))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom color unfocus maximized");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$region_index") == 0) {
  			if (asprintf(&real_args[c], "%d",
  			    get_region_index(r) + 1) < 1)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom region index");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$workspace_index") == 0) {
  			if (asprintf(&real_args[c], "%d", r->ws->idx + 1) < 1)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom workspace index");
  		} else if (strcasecmp(ap, "$dmenu_bottom") == 0) {
  			if (!bar_at_bottom)
  				continue;
  			if ((real_args[c] = strdup("-b")) == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom workspace index");
  		} else {
  			/* no match --> copy as is */
  			if ((real_args[c] = strdup(ap)) == NULL)
  				err(1, "spawn_custom strdup(ap)");
  		}
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "cooked arg: %s\n", real_args[c]);
  		++c;
  	}
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "result: ");
  	for (i = 0; i < c; ++i)
  		DPRINTF("\"%s\" ", real_args[i]);
  	DPRINTF("\n");
  #endif
  	*ret_args = real_args;
  	return (c);
  }
  
  void
  spawn_custom(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args, const char *spawn_name)
  {
  	union arg		a;
  	char			**real_args;
  	int			spawn_argc, i;
  
  	if ((spawn_argc = spawn_expand(r, args, spawn_name, &real_args)) < 0)
  		return;
  	a.argv = real_args;
  	if (fork() == 0)
  		spawn(r->ws->idx, &a, true);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < spawn_argc; i++)
  		free(real_args[i]);
  	free(real_args);
  }
  
  void
  spawn_select(struct swm_region *r, union arg *args, const char *spawn_name,
      int *pid)
  {
  	union arg		a;
  	char			**real_args;
  	int			i, spawn_argc;
  
  	if ((spawn_argc = spawn_expand(r, args, spawn_name, &real_args)) < 0)
  		return;
  	a.argv = real_args;
  
  	if (pipe(select_list_pipe) == -1)
  		err(1, "pipe error");
  	if (pipe(select_resp_pipe) == -1)
  		err(1, "pipe error");
  
  	if (signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR)
  		err(1, "could not disable SIGPIPE");
  	switch (*pid = fork()) {
  	case -1:
  		err(1, "cannot fork");
  		break;
  	case 0: /* child */
  		if (dup2(select_list_pipe[0], STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
  			err(1, "dup2");
  		if (dup2(select_resp_pipe[1], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
  			err(1, "dup2");
  		close(select_list_pipe[1]);
  		close(select_resp_pipe[0]);
  		spawn(r->ws->idx, &a, false);
  		break;
  	default: /* parent */
  		close(select_list_pipe[0]);
  		close(select_resp_pipe[1]);
  		break;
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; i < spawn_argc; i++)
  		free(real_args[i]);
  	free(real_args);
  }
  
  /* Argument tokenizer. */
  char *
  argsep(char **sp) {
  	char			*arg, *cp, *next;
  	bool			single_quoted = false, double_quoted = false;
  
  	if (*sp == NULL)
  		return (NULL);
  
  	/* Eat and move characters until end of argument is found. */
  	for (arg = next = cp = *sp; *cp != '\0'; ++cp) {
  		if (!double_quoted && *cp == '\'') {
  			/* Eat single-quote. */
  			single_quoted = !single_quoted;
  		} else if (!single_quoted && *cp == '"') {
  			/* Eat double-quote. */
  			double_quoted = !double_quoted;
  		} else if (!single_quoted && *cp == '\\' && *(cp + 1) == '"') {
  			/* Eat backslash; copy escaped character to arg. */
  			*next++ = *(++cp);
  		} else if (!single_quoted && !double_quoted && *cp == '\\' &&
  		    (*(cp + 1) == '\'' || *(cp + 1) == ' ')) {
  			/* Eat backslash; move escaped character. */
  			*next++ = *(++cp);
  		} else if (!single_quoted && !double_quoted &&
  		    (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t')) {
  			/* Terminate argument. */
  			*next++ = '\0';
  			/* Point sp to beginning of next argument. */
  			*sp = ++cp;
  			break;
  		} else {
  			/* Move regular character. */
  			*next++ = *cp;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Terminate argument if end of string. */
  	if (*cp == '\0') {
  		*next = '\0';
  		*sp = NULL;
  	}
  
  	return (arg);
  }
  
  void
  spawn_insert(const char *name, const char *args, int flags)
  {
  	struct spawn_prog	*sp;
  	char			*arg, *cp, *ptr;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "%s[%s]\n", name, args);
  
  	if (args == NULL || *args == '\0')
  		return;
  
  	if ((sp = calloc(1, sizeof *sp)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "spawn_insert: calloc");
  	if ((sp->name = strdup(name)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "spawn_insert: strdup");
  
  	/* Convert the arguments to an argument list. */
  	if ((ptr = cp = strdup(args)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "spawn_insert: strdup");
  	while ((arg = argsep(&ptr)) != NULL) {
  		/* Null argument; skip it. */
  		if (*arg == '\0')
  			continue;
  
  		sp->argc++;
  		if ((sp->argv = realloc(sp->argv, sp->argc *
  		    sizeof *sp->argv)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "spawn_insert: realloc");
  		if ((sp->argv[sp->argc - 1] = strdup(arg)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "spawn_insert: strdup");
  	}
  	free(cp);
  
  	sp->flags = flags;
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	if (sp->argv != NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "arg %d: [%s]\n", sp->argc,
  		    sp->argv[sp->argc-1]);
  	}
  #endif
  	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&spawns, sp, entry);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "leave\n");
  }
  
  void
  spawn_remove(struct spawn_prog *sp)
  {
  	int			i;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "name: %s\n", sp->name);
  
  	TAILQ_REMOVE(&spawns, sp, entry);
  	for (i = 0; i < sp->argc; i++)
  		free(sp->argv[i]);
  	free(sp->argv);
  	free(sp->name);
  	free(sp);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "leave\n");
  }
  
  void
  clear_spawns(void)
  {
  	struct spawn_prog	*sp;
  #ifndef __clang_analyzer__ /* Suppress false warnings. */
  	while ((sp = TAILQ_FIRST(&spawns)) != NULL) {
  		spawn_remove(sp);
  	}
  #endif
  }
  
  struct spawn_prog*
  spawn_find(const char *name)
  {
  	struct spawn_prog	*sp;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(sp, &spawns, entry)
  		if (strcasecmp(sp->name, name) == 0)
  			return (sp);
  
  	return (NULL);
  }
  
  void
  setspawn(const char *name, const char *args, int flags)
  {
  	struct spawn_prog	*sp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "name: %s\n", name);
  
  	if (name == NULL)
  		return;
  
  #ifndef __clang_analyzer__ /* Suppress false warnings. */
  	/* Remove any old spawn under the same name. */
  	if ((sp = spawn_find(name)) != NULL)
  		spawn_remove(sp);
  #endif
  
  	if (*args != '\0')
  		spawn_insert(name, args, flags);
  	else
  		warnx("error: setspawn: cannot find program: %s", name);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "leave\n");
  }
  
  int
  setconfspawn(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	char		*args;
  
  	if (selector == NULL || strlen(selector) == 0) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "missing selector");
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	args = expand_tilde(value);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "[%s] [%s]\n", selector, args);
  
  	setspawn(selector, args, flags);
  	free(args);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "done\n");
  	return (0);
  }
  
  void
  validate_spawns(void)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp;
  	struct spawn_prog	*sp;
  	char			which[PATH_MAX];
  	size_t			i;
  
  	RB_FOREACH(bp, binding_tree, &bindings) {
  		if (bp->action != FN_SPAWN_CUSTOM)
  			continue;
  
  		/* find program */
  		sp = spawn_find(bp->spawn_name);
  		if (sp == NULL || sp->flags & SWM_SPAWN_OPTIONAL)
  			continue;
  
  		/* verify we have the goods */
  		snprintf(which, sizeof which, "which %s", sp->argv[0]);
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "which %s\n", sp->argv[0]);
  		for (i = strlen("which "); i < strlen(which); i++)
  			if (which[i] == ' ') {
  				which[i] = '\0';
  				break;
  			}
  		if (system(which) != 0)
  			add_startup_exception("could not find %s",
  			    &which[strlen("which ")]);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  setup_spawn(void)
  {
  	setconfspawn("lock", "xlock", 0, NULL);
  
  	setconfspawn("term", "xterm", 0, NULL);
  	setconfspawn("spawn_term", "xterm", 0, NULL);
  
  	setconfspawn("menu", "dmenu_run $dmenu_bottom -fn $bar_font "
  	    "-nb $bar_color -nf $bar_font_color -sb $bar_color_selected "
  	    "-sf $bar_font_color_selected", 0, NULL);
  
  	setconfspawn("search", "dmenu $dmenu_bottom -i -fn $bar_font "
  	    "-nb $bar_color -nf $bar_font_color -sb $bar_color_selected "
  	    "-sf $bar_font_color_selected", 0, NULL);
  
  	setconfspawn("name_workspace", "dmenu $dmenu_bottom -p Workspace "
  	    "-fn $bar_font -nb $bar_color -nf $bar_font_color "
  	    "-sb $bar_color_selected -sf $bar_font_color_selected", 0, NULL);
  
  	 /* These are not verified for existence, even with a binding set. */
  	setconfspawn("screenshot_all", "screenshot.sh full",
  	    SWM_SPAWN_OPTIONAL, NULL);
  	setconfspawn("screenshot_wind", "screenshot.sh window",
  	    SWM_SPAWN_OPTIONAL, NULL);
  	setconfspawn("initscr", "initscreen.sh", SWM_SPAWN_OPTIONAL, NULL);
  }
  
  /* bindings */
  #define SWM_MODNAME_SIZE	32
  #define SWM_KEY_WS		"\n+ \t"
  int
  parsebinding(const char *bindstr, uint16_t *mod, enum binding_type *type,
      uint32_t *val, uint32_t *flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	char			*str, *cp, *name;
  	KeySym			ks, lks, uks;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "enter [%s]\n", bindstr);
  	if (mod == NULL || val == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "no mod or key vars\n");
  		return (1);
  	}
  	if (bindstr == NULL || strlen(bindstr) == 0) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "no bindstr\n");
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	if ((cp = str = strdup(bindstr)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "parsebinding: strdup");
  
  	*val = XCB_NO_SYMBOL;
  	*mod = 0;
  	*flags = 0;
  	*type = KEYBIND;
  	while ((name = strsep(&cp, SWM_KEY_WS)) != NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "entry [%s]\n", name);
  		if (cp)
  			cp += (long)strspn(cp, SWM_KEY_WS);
  		if (strncasecmp(name, "MOD", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= mod_key;
  		else if (strncasecmp(name, "Mod1", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_1;
  		else if (strncasecmp(name, "Mod2", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_2;
  		else if (strncmp(name, "Mod3", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_3;
  		else if (strncmp(name, "Mod4", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_4;
  		else if (strncmp(name, "Mod5", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_5;
  		else if (strncasecmp(name, "SHIFT", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_SHIFT;
  		else if (strncasecmp(name, "CONTROL", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_CONTROL;
  		else if (strncasecmp(name, "ANYMOD", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*mod |= XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY;
  		else if (strncasecmp(name, "REPLAY", SWM_MODNAME_SIZE) == 0)
  			*flags |= BINDING_F_REPLAY;
  		else if (sscanf(name, "Button%u", val) == 1) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "button %u\n", *val);
  			*type = BTNBIND;
  			if (*val > 255 || *val == 0) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "invalid btn %u\n", *val);
  				ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid button: %s", name);
  				free(str);
  				return (1);
  			}
  		} else {
  			/* TODO: do this without Xlib. */
  			ks = XStringToKeysym(name);
  			if (ks == NoSymbol) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "invalid key %s\n", name);
  				ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid key: %s", name);
  				free(str);
  				return (1);
  			}
  
  			XConvertCase(ks, &lks, &uks);
  			*val = (uint32_t)lks;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* If ANYMOD was specified, ignore the rest. */
  	if (*mod & XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY)
  		*mod = XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY;
  
  	free(str);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "leave\n");
  	return (0);
  }
  
  char *
  strdupsafe(const char *str)
  {
  	if (str == NULL)
  		return (NULL);
  	else
  		return (strdup(str));
  }
  
  int
  binding_cmp(struct binding *bp1, struct binding *bp2)
  {
  	if (bp1->type < bp2->type)
  		return (-1);
  	if (bp1->type > bp2->type)
  		return (1);
  
  	if (bp1->value < bp2->value)
  		return (-1);
  	if (bp1->value > bp2->value)
  		return (1);
  
  	if (bp1->mod < bp2->mod)
  		return (-1);
  	if (bp1->mod > bp2->mod)
  		return (1);
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  void
  binding_insert(uint16_t mod, enum binding_type type, uint32_t val,
      enum actionid aid, uint32_t flags, const char *spawn_name)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "mod: %u, type: %d, val: %u, action: %s(%d), "
  	    "spawn_name: %s\n", mod, type, val, actions[aid].name, aid,
  	    spawn_name);
  
  	if ((bp = malloc(sizeof *bp)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "binding_insert: malloc");
  
  	bp->mod = mod;
  	bp->type = type;
  	bp->value = val;
  	bp->action = aid;
  	bp->flags = flags;
  	bp->spawn_name = strdupsafe(spawn_name);
  	RB_INSERT(binding_tree, &bindings, bp);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "leave\n");
  }
  
  struct binding *
  binding_lookup(uint16_t mod, enum binding_type type, uint32_t val)
  {
  	struct binding		bp;
  
  	bp.mod = mod;
  	bp.type = type;
  	bp.value = val;
  
  	return (RB_FIND(binding_tree, &bindings, &bp));
  }
  
  void
  binding_remove(struct binding *bp)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "mod: %u, type: %d, val: %u, action: %s(%d), "
  	    "spawn_name: %s\n", bp->mod, bp->type, bp->value,
  	    actions[bp->action].name, bp->action, bp->spawn_name);
  
  	RB_REMOVE(binding_tree, &bindings, bp);
  	free(bp->spawn_name);
  	free(bp);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "leave\n");
  }
  
  void
  setbinding(uint16_t mod, enum binding_type type, uint32_t val,
      enum actionid aid, uint32_t flags, const char *spawn_name)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp;
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	if (spawn_name != NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "enter %s [%s]\n", actions[aid].name,
  		    spawn_name);
  	}
  #endif
  
  	/* Unbind any existing. Loop is to handle MOD_MASK_ANY. */
  	while ((bp = binding_lookup(mod, type, val)))
  		binding_remove(bp);
  
  	if (aid != FN_INVALID)
  		binding_insert(mod, type, val, aid, flags, spawn_name);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "leave\n");
  }
  
  int
  setconfbinding(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	struct spawn_prog	*sp;
  	uint32_t		keybtn, opts;
  	uint16_t		mod;
  	enum actionid		aid;
  	enum binding_type	type;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)flags;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "selector: [%s], value: [%s]\n", selector, value);
  	if (selector == NULL || strlen(selector) == 0) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "unbind %s\n", value);
  		if (parsebinding(value, &mod, &type, &keybtn, &opts,
  		    emsg) == 0) {
  			setbinding(mod, type, keybtn, FN_INVALID, opts, NULL);
  			return (0);
  		} else
  			return (1);
  	}
  	/* search by key function name */
  	for (aid = 0; aid < FN_INVALID; aid++) {
  		if (strncasecmp(selector, actions[aid].name,
  		    SWM_FUNCNAME_LEN) == 0) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "%s: match action\n", selector);
  			if (parsebinding(value, &mod, &type, &keybtn, &opts,
  			    emsg) == 0) {
  				setbinding(mod, type, keybtn, aid, opts, NULL);
  				return (0);
  			} else
  				return (1);
  		}
  	}
  	/* search by custom spawn name */
  	if ((sp = spawn_find(selector)) != NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "%s: match spawn\n", selector);
  		if (parsebinding(value, &mod, &type, &keybtn, &opts,
  		    emsg) == 0) {
  			setbinding(mod, type, keybtn, FN_SPAWN_CUSTOM, opts,
  			    sp->name);
  			return (0);
  		} else
  			return (1);
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "no match\n");
  	ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid action: %s", selector);
  	return (1);
  }
  
  #define MOD		mod_key
  #define MODSHIFT	mod_key | XCB_MOD_MASK_SHIFT
  void
  setup_keybindings(void)
  {
  #define BINDKEY(m, k, a)	setbinding(m, KEYBIND, k, a, 0, NULL)
  #define BINDKEYSPAWN(m, k, s)	setbinding(m, KEYBIND, k, FN_SPAWN_CUSTOM, 0, s)
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_b,			FN_BAR_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_b,			FN_BAR_TOGGLE_WS);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_b,			FN_BAR_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_b,			FN_BAR_TOGGLE_WS);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_v,			FN_BUTTON2);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_space,		FN_CYCLE_LAYOUT);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_backslash,		FN_FLIP_LAYOUT);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_t,			FN_FLOAT_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_m,			FN_FOCUS_MAIN);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_j,			FN_FOCUS_NEXT);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_Tab,			FN_FOCUS_NEXT);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_k,			FN_FOCUS_PREV);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_Tab,			FN_FOCUS_PREV);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_u,			FN_FOCUS_URGENT);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_e,			FN_FULLSCREEN_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_e,			FN_MAXIMIZE_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_equal,		FN_HEIGHT_GROW);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_minus,		FN_HEIGHT_SHRINK);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_w,			FN_ICONIFY);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_h,			FN_MASTER_SHRINK);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_l,			FN_MASTER_GROW);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_comma,		FN_MASTER_ADD);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_period,		FN_MASTER_DEL);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_bracketright,	FN_MOVE_DOWN);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_bracketleft,		FN_MOVE_LEFT);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_bracketright,	FN_MOVE_RIGHT);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_bracketleft,		FN_MOVE_UP);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_End,		FN_MVRG_1);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Down,		FN_MVRG_2);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Next,		FN_MVRG_3);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Left,		FN_MVRG_4);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Begin,		FN_MVRG_5);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Right,		FN_MVRG_6);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Home,		FN_MVRG_7);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Up,		FN_MVRG_8);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_KP_Prior,		FN_MVRG_9);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_1,			FN_MVWS_1);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_2,			FN_MVWS_2);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_3,			FN_MVWS_3);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_4,			FN_MVWS_4);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_5,			FN_MVWS_5);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_6,			FN_MVWS_6);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_7,			FN_MVWS_7);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_8,			FN_MVWS_8);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_9,			FN_MVWS_9);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_0,			FN_MVWS_10);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F1,			FN_MVWS_11);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F2,			FN_MVWS_12);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F3,			FN_MVWS_13);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F4,			FN_MVWS_14);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F5,			FN_MVWS_15);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F6,			FN_MVWS_16);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F7,			FN_MVWS_17);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F8,			FN_MVWS_18);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F9,			FN_MVWS_19);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F10,			FN_MVWS_20);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F11,			FN_MVWS_21);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_F12,			FN_MVWS_22);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_slash,		FN_NAME_WORKSPACE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_q,			FN_QUIT);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_r,			FN_RAISE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_r,			FN_RAISE_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_q,			FN_RESTART);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_End,		FN_RG_1);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Down,		FN_RG_2);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Next,		FN_RG_3);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Left,		FN_RG_4);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Begin,		FN_RG_5);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Right,		FN_RG_6);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Home,		FN_RG_7);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Up,		FN_RG_8);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_KP_Prior,		FN_RG_9);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_Right,		FN_RG_NEXT);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_Left,		FN_RG_PREV);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_f,			FN_SEARCH_WIN);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_slash,		FN_SEARCH_WORKSPACE);
  	BINDKEYSPAWN(MODSHIFT,	XK_i,			"initscr");
  	BINDKEYSPAWN(MODSHIFT,	XK_Delete,		"lock");
  	BINDKEYSPAWN(MOD,	XK_p,			"menu");
  	BINDKEYSPAWN(MOD,	XK_s,			"screenshot_all");
  	BINDKEYSPAWN(MODSHIFT,	XK_s,			"screenshot_wind");
  	BINDKEYSPAWN(MODSHIFT,	XK_Return,		"term");
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_comma,		FN_STACK_INC);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_period,		FN_STACK_DEC);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_space,		FN_STACK_RESET);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_Return,		FN_SWAP_MAIN);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_j,			FN_SWAP_NEXT);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_k,			FN_SWAP_PREV);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_w,			FN_UNICONIFY);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_v,			FN_VERSION);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_equal,		FN_WIDTH_GROW);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_minus,		FN_WIDTH_SHRINK);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_x,			FN_WIND_DEL);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_x,			FN_WIND_KILL);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_1,			FN_WS_1);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_2,			FN_WS_2);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_3,			FN_WS_3);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_4,			FN_WS_4);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_5,			FN_WS_5);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_6,			FN_WS_6);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_7,			FN_WS_7);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_8,			FN_WS_8);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_9,			FN_WS_9);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_0,			FN_WS_10);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F1,			FN_WS_11);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F2,			FN_WS_12);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F3,			FN_WS_13);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F4,			FN_WS_14);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F5,			FN_WS_15);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F6,			FN_WS_16);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F7,			FN_WS_17);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F8,			FN_WS_18);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F9,			FN_WS_19);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F10,			FN_WS_20);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F11,			FN_WS_21);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_F12,			FN_WS_22);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_Right,		FN_WS_NEXT);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_Left,		FN_WS_PREV);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_Up,			FN_WS_NEXT_ALL);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_Down,		FN_WS_PREV_ALL);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_Up,			FN_WS_NEXT_MOVE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_Down,		FN_WS_PREV_MOVE);
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_a,			FN_WS_PRIOR);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	BINDKEY(MOD,		XK_d,			FN_DEBUG_TOGGLE);
  	BINDKEY(MODSHIFT,	XK_d,			FN_DUMPWINS);
  #endif
  #undef BINDKEY
  #undef BINDKEYSPAWN
  }
  
  void
  setup_btnbindings(void)
  {
  	setbinding(ANYMOD, BTNBIND, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_1, FN_FOCUS,
  	    BINDING_F_REPLAY, NULL);
  	setbinding(MOD, BTNBIND, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_3, FN_RESIZE, 0, NULL);
  	setbinding(MODSHIFT, BTNBIND, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_3, FN_RESIZE_CENTERED, 0,
  	    NULL);
  	setbinding(MOD, BTNBIND, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_1, FN_MOVE, 0, NULL);
  }
  #undef MODSHIFT
  #undef MOD
  
  void
  clear_bindings(void)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp;
  
  	while ((bp = RB_ROOT(&bindings)))
  		binding_remove(bp);
  }
  
  void
  clear_keybindings(void)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp, *bptmp;
  
  	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(bp, binding_tree, &bindings, bptmp) {
  		if (bp->type != KEYBIND)
  			continue;
  		binding_remove(bp);
  	}
  }
  
  int
  setkeymapping(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	char			*keymapping_file;
  
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)selector;
  	(void)flags;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "enter\n");
  
  	keymapping_file = expand_tilde(value);
  
  	clear_keybindings();
  	/* load new key bindings; if it fails, revert to default bindings */
  	if (conf_load(keymapping_file, SWM_CONF_KEYMAPPING)) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "failed to load '%s'", keymapping_file);
  		free(keymapping_file);
  		clear_keybindings();
  		setup_keybindings();
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	free(keymapping_file);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "leave\n");
  	return (0);
  }
  
  void
  updatenumlockmask(void)
  {
  	unsigned int				i, j;
  	xcb_get_modifier_mapping_reply_t	*modmap_r;
  	xcb_keycode_t				*modmap, kc, *keycode;
  
  	numlockmask = 0;
  
  	modmap_r = xcb_get_modifier_mapping_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_get_modifier_mapping(conn),
  	    NULL);
  	if (modmap_r) {
  		modmap = xcb_get_modifier_mapping_keycodes(modmap_r);
  		for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
  			for (j = 0; j < modmap_r->keycodes_per_modifier; j++) {
  				kc = modmap[i * modmap_r->keycodes_per_modifier
  				    + j];
  				keycode = xcb_key_symbols_get_keycode(syms,
  						XK_Num_Lock);
  				if (keycode) {
  					if (kc == *keycode)
  						numlockmask = (1 << i);
  					free(keycode);
  				}
  			}
  		}
  		free(modmap_r);
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "numlockmask: %#x\n", numlockmask);
  }
  
  xcb_keycode_t
  get_binding_keycode(struct binding *bp)
  {
  	const xcb_setup_t			*s;
  	xcb_get_keyboard_mapping_reply_t	*kmr;
  	int					col;
  	xcb_keycode_t				kc, min, max;
  
  	s = get_setup();
  	min = s->min_keycode;
  	max = s->max_keycode;
  
  	kmr = xcb_get_keyboard_mapping_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_get_keyboard_mapping(conn, min, max - min + 1), NULL);
  	if (kmr == NULL)
  		return (XCB_NO_SYMBOL);
  
  	/* Search for keycode by keysym column. */
  	for (col = 0; col < kmr->keysyms_per_keycode; col++) {
  		/* Keycodes are unsigned, bail if kc++ is reduced to 0. */
  		for (kc = min; kc > 0 && kc <= max; kc++) {
  			if (xcb_key_symbols_get_keysym(syms, kc, col) ==
  			    bp->value)
  				return (kc);
  		}
  	}
  
  	return (XCB_NO_SYMBOL);
  }
  
  void
  grabkeys(void)
  {
  	struct binding		*bp;
  	int			num_screens, i, j;
  	uint16_t		modifiers[4];
  	xcb_keycode_t		keycode;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "begin\n");
  	updatenumlockmask();
  
  	modifiers[0] = 0;
  	modifiers[1] = numlockmask;
  	modifiers[2] = XCB_MOD_MASK_LOCK;
  	modifiers[3] = numlockmask | XCB_MOD_MASK_LOCK;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&screens[i].rl))
  			continue;
  		xcb_ungrab_key(conn, XCB_GRAB_ANY, screens[i].root,
  			XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY);
  		RB_FOREACH(bp, binding_tree, &bindings) {
  			if (bp->type != KEYBIND)
  				continue;
  
  			/* If there is a catch-all, only bind that. */
  			if ((binding_lookup(ANYMOD, KEYBIND, bp->value)) &&
  			    bp->mod != ANYMOD)
  				continue;
  
  			/* Skip unused ws binds. */
  			if ((int)bp->action > FN_WS_1 + workspace_limit - 1 &&
  			    bp->action <= FN_WS_22)
  				continue;
  
  			/* Skip unused mvws binds. */
  			if ((int)bp->action > FN_MVWS_1 + workspace_limit - 1 &&
  			    bp->action <= FN_MVWS_22)
  				continue;
  
  			/* Try to get keycode for the grab. */
  			keycode = get_binding_keycode(bp);
  			if (keycode == XCB_NO_SYMBOL)
  				continue;
  
  			if (bp->mod == XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY) {
  				/* All modifiers are grabbed in one pass. */
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "key: %u, modmask: %d\n",
  				    bp->value, bp->mod);
  				xcb_grab_key(conn, 1, screens[i].root, bp->mod,
  				    keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC,
  				    XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC);
  			} else {
  				/* Need to grab each modifier permutation. */
  				for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++) {
  					DNPRINTF(SWM_D_KEY, "key: %u, "
  					    "modmask: %d\n", bp->value,
  					    bp->mod | modifiers[j]);
  					xcb_grab_key(conn, 1, screens[i].root,
  					    bp->mod | modifiers[j], keycode,
  					    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC,
  					    XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC);
  				}
  			}
  		}
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  grabbuttons(void)
  {
  	struct binding	*bp;
  	int		num_screens, i, k;
  	uint16_t	modifiers[4];
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "begin\n");
  	updatenumlockmask();
  
  	modifiers[0] = 0;
  	modifiers[1] = numlockmask;
  	modifiers[2] = XCB_MOD_MASK_LOCK;
  	modifiers[3] = numlockmask | XCB_MOD_MASK_LOCK;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (k = 0; k < num_screens; k++) {
  		if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&screens[k].rl))
  			continue;
  		xcb_ungrab_button(conn, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_ANY, screens[k].root,
  			XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY);
  		RB_FOREACH(bp, binding_tree, &bindings) {
  			if (bp->type != BTNBIND)
  				continue;
  
  			/* If there is a catch-all, only bind that. */
  			if ((binding_lookup(ANYMOD, BTNBIND, bp->value)) &&
  			    bp->mod != ANYMOD)
  				continue;
  
  			/* Skip unused ws binds. */
  			if ((int)bp->action > FN_WS_1 + workspace_limit - 1 &&
  			    bp->action <= FN_WS_22)
  				continue;
  
  			/* Skip unused mvws binds. */
  			if ((int)bp->action > FN_MVWS_1 + workspace_limit - 1 &&
  			    bp->action <= FN_MVWS_22)
  				continue;
  
  			if (bp->mod == XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY) {
  				/* All modifiers are grabbed in one pass. */
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "grab btn: %u, "
  				    "modmask: %d\n", bp->value, bp->mod);
  				xcb_grab_button(conn, 0, screens[k].root,
  				    BUTTONMASK, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC,
  				    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_WINDOW_NONE,
  				    XCB_CURSOR_NONE, bp->value, bp->mod);
  			} else {
  				/* Need to grab each modifier permutation. */
  				for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(modifiers); ++i) {
  					DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "grab btn: %d, "
  					    "modmask: %u\n", bp->value,
  					    bp->mod | modifiers[i]);
  					xcb_grab_button(conn, 0,
  					    screens[k].root, BUTTONMASK,
  					    XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC,
  					    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC,
  					    XCB_WINDOW_NONE,
  					    XCB_CURSOR_NONE, bp->value,
  					    bp->mod | modifiers[i]);
  				}
  			}
  		}
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MOUSE, "done\n");
  }
  
  struct wsi_flag {
  	char *name;
  	uint32_t mask;
  } wsiflags[] = {
  	{"listcurrent", SWM_WSI_LISTCURRENT},
  	{"listactive", SWM_WSI_LISTACTIVE},
  	{"listempty", SWM_WSI_LISTEMPTY},
  	{"listnamed", SWM_WSI_LISTNAMED},
  	{"listurgent", SWM_WSI_LISTURGENT},
  	{"listall", SWM_WSI_LISTALL},
  	{"hidecurrent", SWM_WSI_HIDECURRENT},
  	{"markcurrent", SWM_WSI_MARKCURRENT},
  	{"markurgent", SWM_WSI_MARKURGENT},
  	{"markactive", SWM_WSI_MARKACTIVE},
  	{"markempty", SWM_WSI_MARKEMPTY},
  	{"printnames", SWM_WSI_PRINTNAMES},
  	{"noindexes", SWM_WSI_NOINDEXES},
  };
  
  #define SWM_FLAGS_DELIM		","
  #define SWM_FLAGS_WHITESPACE	" \t\n"
  int
  parse_workspace_indicator(const char *str, uint32_t *mode, char **emsg)
  {
  	char			*tmp, *cp, *name;
  	size_t			len;
  	int			i;
  
  	if (str == NULL || mode == NULL)
  		return (1);
  
  	if ((cp = tmp = strdup(str)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "parse_workspace_indicator: strdup");
  
  	*mode = 0;
  	while ((name = strsep(&cp, SWM_FLAGS_DELIM)) != NULL) {
  		if (cp)
  			cp += (long)strspn(cp, SWM_FLAGS_WHITESPACE);
  		name += strspn(name, SWM_FLAGS_WHITESPACE);
  		len = strcspn(name, SWM_FLAGS_WHITESPACE);
  
  		for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(wsiflags); i++) {
  			if (strncasecmp(name, wsiflags[i].name, len) == 0) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "flag: [%s]\n", name);
  				*mode |= wsiflags[i].mask;
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  		if (i >= LENGTH(wsiflags)) {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid flag: %s", name);
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "invalid flag: [%s]\n", name);
  			free(tmp);
  			return (1);
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(tmp);
  	return (0);
  }
  
  const char *quirkname[] = {
  	"NONE",		/* config string for "no value" */
  	"FLOAT",
  	"TRANSSZ",
  	"ANYWHERE",
  	"XTERM_FONTADJ",
  	"FULLSCREEN",
  	"FOCUSPREV",
  	"NOFOCUSONMAP",
  	"FOCUSONMAP_SINGLE",
  	"OBEYAPPFOCUSREQ",
  	"IGNOREPID",
  	"IGNORESPAWNWS",
  	"NOFOCUSCYCLE",
  	"MINIMALBORDER",
  };
  
  /* SWM_Q_DELIM: retain '|' for back compat for now (2009-08-11) */
  #define SWM_Q_DELIM		"\n|+ \t"
  int
  parsequirks(const char *qstr, uint32_t *quirk, int *ws, char **emsg)
  {
  	char			*str, *cp, *name;
  	int			i;
  
  	if (quirk == NULL || qstr == NULL)
  		return (1);
  
  	if ((cp = str = strdup(qstr)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "parsequirks: strdup");
  
  	*quirk = 0;
  	while ((name = strsep(&cp, SWM_Q_DELIM)) != NULL) {
  		if (cp)
  			cp += (long)strspn(cp, SWM_Q_DELIM);
  
  		if (sscanf(name, "WS[%d]", ws) == 1) {
  			if (*ws > 0)
  				*ws -= 1;
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(quirkname); i++) {
  			if (strncasecmp(name, quirkname[i],
  			    SWM_QUIRK_LEN) == 0) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "%s\n", name);
  				if (i == 0) {
  					*quirk = 0;
  					free(str);
  					return (0);
  				}
  				*quirk |= 1 << (i-1);
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  		if (i >= LENGTH(quirkname)) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "invalid quirk [%s]\n", name);
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid quirk: %s", name);
  			free(str);
  			return (1);
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(str);
  	return (0);
  }
  
  void
  quirk_insert(const char *class, const char *instance, const char *name,
      uint32_t quirk, int ws)
  {
  	struct quirk		*qp;
  	char			*str;
  	bool			failed = false;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "class: %s, instance: %s, name: %s, value: %u, "
  	    "ws: %d\n", class, instance, name, quirk, ws);
  
  	if ((qp = malloc(sizeof *qp)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: malloc");
  
  	if ((qp->class = strdup(class)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: strdup");
  	if ((qp->instance = strdup(instance)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: strdup");
  	if ((qp->name = strdup(name)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: strdup");
  
  	if (asprintf(&str, "^%s$", class) == -1)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: asprintf");
  	if (regcomp(&qp->regex_class, str, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB)) {
  		add_startup_exception("regex failed to compile quirk 'class' "
  		    "field: %s", class);
  		failed = true;
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "compiled: %s\n", str);
  	free(str);
  
  	if (asprintf(&str, "^%s$", instance) == -1)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: asprintf");
  	if (regcomp(&qp->regex_instance, str, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB)) {
  		add_startup_exception("regex failed to compile quirk 'instance'"
  		    " field: %s", instance);
  		failed = true;
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "compiled: %s\n", str);
  	free(str);
  
  	if (asprintf(&str, "^%s$", name) == -1)
  		err(1, "quirk_insert: asprintf");
  	if (regcomp(&qp->regex_name, str, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB)) {
  		add_startup_exception("regex failed to compile quirk 'name' "
  		    "field: %s", name);
  		failed = true;
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "compiled: %s\n", str);
  	free(str);
  
  	if (failed) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "regex error\n");
  		quirk_free(qp);
  	} else {
  		qp->quirk = quirk;
  		qp->ws = ws;
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&quirks, qp, entry);
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "leave\n");
  }
  
  void
  quirk_remove(struct quirk *qp)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "%s:%s [%u]\n", qp->class, qp->name, qp->quirk);
  
  	TAILQ_REMOVE(&quirks, qp, entry);
  	quirk_free(qp);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "leave\n");
  }
  
  void
  quirk_free(struct quirk *qp)
  {
  	regfree(&qp->regex_class);
  	regfree(&qp->regex_instance);
  	regfree(&qp->regex_name);
  	free(qp->class);
  	free(qp->instance);
  	free(qp->name);
  	free(qp);
  }
  
  void
  clear_quirks(void)
  {
  	struct quirk		*qp;
  #ifndef __clang_analyzer__ /* Suppress false warnings. */
  	while ((qp = TAILQ_FIRST(&quirks)) != NULL) {
  		quirk_remove(qp);
  	}
  #endif
  }
  
  void
  quirk_replace(struct quirk *qp, const char *class, const char *instance,
      const char *name, uint32_t quirk, int ws)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "%s:%s:%s [%u], ws: %d\n", qp->class,
  	    qp->instance, qp->name, qp->quirk, qp->ws);
  
  	quirk_remove(qp);
  	quirk_insert(class, instance, name, quirk, ws);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "leave\n");
  }
  
  void
  setquirk(const char *class, const char *instance, const char *name,
      uint32_t quirk, int ws)
  {
  	struct quirk		*qp;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "enter %s:%s:%s [%u], ws: %d\n", class, instance,
  	    name, quirk, ws);
  
  #ifndef __clang_analyzer__ /* Suppress false warnings. */
  	/* Remove/replace existing quirk. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(qp, &quirks, entry) {
  		if (strcmp(qp->class, class) == 0 &&
  		    strcmp(qp->instance, instance) == 0 &&
  		    strcmp(qp->name, name) == 0) {
  			if (quirk == 0 && ws == -1)
  				quirk_remove(qp);
  			else
  				quirk_replace(qp, class, instance, name, quirk,
  				    ws);
  			goto out;
  		}
  	}
  #endif
  
  	/* Only insert if quirk is not NONE or forced ws is set. */
  	if (quirk || ws != -1)
  		quirk_insert(class, instance, name, quirk, ws);
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_QUIRK, "leave\n");
  }
  
  /* Eat '\' in str used to escape square brackets and colon. */
  void
  unescape_selector(char *str)
  {
  	char *cp;
  
  	for (cp = str; *str != '\0'; ++str, ++cp) {
  		if (*str == '\\' && (*(str + 1) == ':' || *(str + 1) == ']' ||
  		    *(str + 1) == '['))
  			++str;
  
  		*cp = *str;
  	}
  	*cp = '\0';
  }
  
  int
  setconfquirk(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	char			*str, *cp, *class;
  	char			*instance = NULL, *name = NULL;
  	int			retval, count = 0, ws = -1;
  	uint32_t		qrks;
  
  	/* suppress unused warning since var is needed */
  	(void)flags;
  
  	if (selector == NULL || strlen(selector) == 0)
  		return (0);
  
  	if ((str = strdup(selector)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "setconfquirk: strdup");
  
  	/* Find non-escaped colon. */
  	class = cp = str;
  	if (*cp == ':') {
  		*cp = '\0';
  		++count;
  	}
  
  	for (++cp; *cp != '\0'; ++cp) {
  		if (*cp == ':' && *(cp - 1) != '\\') {
  			*cp = '\0';
  			++count;
  		}
  	}
  
  	unescape_selector(class);
  	if (count) {
  		instance = class + strlen(class) + 1;
  		unescape_selector(instance);
  	} else {
  		instance = ".*";
  	}
  
  	if (count > 1) {
  		name = instance + strlen(instance) + 1;
  		unescape_selector(name);
  	} else {
  		name = ".*";
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "class: %s, instance: %s, name: %s\n", class,
  	    instance, name);
  
  	if ((retval = parsequirks(value, &qrks, &ws, emsg)) == 0)
  		setquirk(class, instance, name, qrks, ws);
  
  	free(str);
  	return (retval);
  }
  
  void
  setup_quirks(void)
  {
  	setquirk("MPlayer",		"xv",		".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN | SWM_Q_FOCUSPREV, -1);
  	setquirk("OpenOffice.org 3.2",	"VCLSalFrame",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT, -1);
  	setquirk("Firefox-bin",		"firefox-bin",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_TRANSSZ, -1);
  	setquirk("Firefox",		"Dialog",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT, -1);
  	setquirk("Gimp",		"gimp",		".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_ANYWHERE, -1);
  	setquirk("XTerm",		"xterm",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_XTERM_FONTADJ, -1);
  	setquirk("xine",		"Xine Window",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_ANYWHERE, -1);
  	setquirk("Xitk",		"Xitk Combo",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_ANYWHERE, -1);
  	setquirk("xine",		"xine Panel",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_ANYWHERE, -1);
  	setquirk("Xitk",		"Xine Window",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_ANYWHERE, -1);
  	setquirk("xine",		"xine Video Fullscreen Window",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN | SWM_Q_FLOAT, -1);
  	setquirk("pcb",			"pcb",		".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT, -1);
  	setquirk("SDL_App",		"SDL_App",	".*",
  	    SWM_Q_FLOAT | SWM_Q_FULLSCREEN, -1);
  }
  
  /* conf file stuff */
  #define SWM_CONF_FILE		"spectrwm.conf"
  #define SWM_CONF_FILE_OLD	"scrotwm.conf"
  
  enum {
  	SWM_S_BAR_ACTION,
  	SWM_S_BAR_ACTION_EXPAND,
  	SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM,
  	SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH,
  	SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED_WS,
  	SWM_S_BAR_FONT,
  	SWM_S_BAR_FONT_PUA,
  	SWM_S_BAR_FORMAT,
  	SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY,
  	SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH,
  	SWM_S_BOUNDARY_WIDTH,
  	SWM_S_CLOCK_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_CLOCK_FORMAT,
  	SWM_S_CYCLE_EMPTY,
  	SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE,
  	SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO,
  	SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER,
  	SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE,
  	SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE_WRAP,
  	SWM_S_FOCUS_DEFAULT,
  	SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE,
  	SWM_S_ICONIC_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_MAXIMIZE_HIDE_BAR,
  	SWM_S_REGION_PADDING,
  	SWM_S_SPAWN_ORDER,
  	SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM,
  	SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH,
  	SWM_S_TILE_GAP,
  	SWM_S_URGENT_COLLAPSE,
  	SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT,
  	SWM_S_WARP_FOCUS,
  	SWM_S_WARP_POINTER,
  	SWM_S_WINDOW_CLASS_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_WINDOW_INSTANCE_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_CLAMP,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_LIMIT,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_INDICATOR,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_NAME,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_CURRENT,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_URGENT,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_ACTIVE,
  	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_EMPTY,
  	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_MAX,
  	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_VERTICAL,
  	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_VERTICAL_FLIP,
  	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_HORIZONTAL,
  	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_HORIZONTAL_FLIP,
  };
  
  int
  setconfvalue(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	int			i, ws_id, num_screens, n;
  	char			*b, *str, *sp;
  
  	switch (flags) {
  	case SWM_S_BAR_ACTION:
  		free(bar_argv[0]);
  		if ((bar_argv[0] = expand_tilde(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_action");
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_ACTION_EXPAND:
  		bar_action_expand = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM:
  		bar_at_bottom = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH:
  		bar_border_width = atoi(value);
  		if (bar_border_width < 0)
  			bar_border_width = 0;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED:
  		bar_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED_WS:
  		ws_id = atoi(selector) - 1;
  		if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= workspace_limit) {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid workspace: %d", ws_id + 1);
  			return (1);
  		}
  
  		num_screens = get_screen_count();
  		for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  			ws = (struct workspace *)&screens[i].ws;
  			ws[ws_id].bar_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_FONT:
  		b = bar_fonts;
  		if (asprintf(&bar_fonts, "%s,%s", value, bar_fonts) == -1)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: asprintf: failed to allocate "
  				"memory for bar_fonts.");
  		free(b);
  
  		if ((sp = str = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: strdup");
  
  		/* If there are any non-XLFD entries, switch to Xft mode. */
  		while ((b = strsep(&sp, ",")) != NULL) {
  			if (*b == '\0')
  				continue;
  			if (!isxlfd(b)) {
  				bar_font_legacy = false;
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  		free(str);
  		if (bar_font_legacy)
  			break;
  
  		/* Non-legacy fonts: read list of Xft fontname */
  		if ((sp = str = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: strdup");
  
  		num_xftfonts = 0;
  		while ((b = strsep(&sp, ",")) != NULL) {
  			if (*b == '\0')
  				continue;
  			free(bar_fontnames[num_xftfonts]);
  			if ((bar_fontnames[num_xftfonts] = strdup(b))
  			    == NULL)
  				err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_font");
  			num_xftfonts++;
  			if (num_xftfonts == SWM_BAR_MAX_FONTS)
  				break;
  		}
  		free(str);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_FONT_PUA:
  		free(bar_fontname_pua);
  		if ((bar_fontname_pua = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_font_pua");
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_FORMAT:
  		free(bar_format);
  		if ((bar_format = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: bar_format");
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY:
  		if (strcmp(value, "left") == 0)
  			bar_justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_LEFT;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "center") == 0)
  			bar_justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_CENTER;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "right") == 0)
  			bar_justify = SWM_BAR_JUSTIFY_RIGHT;
  		else {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid value: %s", value);
  			return (1);
  		}
  
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH:
  		border_width = atoi(value);
  		if (border_width < 0)
  			border_width = 0;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_BOUNDARY_WIDTH:
  		boundary_width = atoi(value);
  		if (boundary_width < 0)
  			boundary_width = 0;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_CLOCK_ENABLED:
  		clock_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_CLOCK_FORMAT:
  #ifndef SWM_DENY_CLOCK_FORMAT
  		free(clock_format);
  		if ((clock_format = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: clock_format");
  #endif
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_CYCLE_EMPTY:
  		cycle_empty = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE:
  		cycle_visible = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO:
  		dialog_ratio = atof(value);
  		if (dialog_ratio > 1.0 || dialog_ratio <= .3)
  			dialog_ratio = .6;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER:
  		disable_border_always = (strcmp(value, "always") == 0);
  		disable_border = (atoi(value) != 0) || disable_border_always;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE:
  		if (strcmp(value, "first") == 0)
  			focus_close = SWM_STACK_BOTTOM;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "last") == 0)
  			focus_close = SWM_STACK_TOP;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "next") == 0)
  			focus_close = SWM_STACK_ABOVE;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "previous") == 0)
  			focus_close = SWM_STACK_BELOW;
  		else {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid value: %s", value);
  			return (1);
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE_WRAP:
  		focus_close_wrap = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_FOCUS_DEFAULT:
  		if (strcmp(value, "last") == 0)
  			focus_default = SWM_STACK_TOP;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "first") == 0)
  			focus_default = SWM_STACK_BOTTOM;
  		else {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid value: %s", value);
  			return (1);
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE:
  		if (strcmp(value, "default") == 0)
  			focus_mode = SWM_FOCUS_DEFAULT;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "follow") == 0 ||
  		    strcmp(value, "follow_cursor") == 0)
  			focus_mode = SWM_FOCUS_FOLLOW;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "manual") == 0)
  			focus_mode = SWM_FOCUS_MANUAL;
  		else {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid value: %s", value);
  			return (1);
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_ICONIC_ENABLED:
  		iconic_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_MAXIMIZE_HIDE_BAR:
  		maximize_hide_bar = atoi(value);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_REGION_PADDING:
  		region_padding = atoi(value);
  		if (region_padding < 0)
  			region_padding = 0;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_SPAWN_ORDER:
  		if (strcmp(value, "first") == 0)
  			spawn_position = SWM_STACK_BOTTOM;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "last") == 0)
  			spawn_position = SWM_STACK_TOP;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "next") == 0)
  			spawn_position = SWM_STACK_ABOVE;
  		else if (strcmp(value, "previous") == 0)
  			spawn_position = SWM_STACK_BELOW;
  		else {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid value: %s", value);
  			return (1);
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM:
  		setconfspawn("term", value, 0, emsg);
  		setconfspawn("spawn_term", value, 0, emsg);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED:
  		stack_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH:
  		term_width = atoi(value);
  		if (term_width < 0)
  			term_width = 0;
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_TILE_GAP:
  		tile_gap = atoi(value);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_URGENT_COLLAPSE:
  		urgent_collapse = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED:
  		urgent_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT:
  		verbose_layout = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		for (i = 0; layouts[i].l_stack != NULL; i++) {
  			if (verbose_layout)
  				layouts[i].l_string = fancy_stacker;
  			else
  				layouts[i].l_string = plain_stacker;
  		}
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WARP_FOCUS:
  		warp_focus = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WARP_POINTER:
  		warp_pointer = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WINDOW_CLASS_ENABLED:
  		window_class_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WINDOW_INSTANCE_ENABLED:
  		window_instance_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED:
  		window_name_enabled = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_CLAMP:
  		workspace_clamp = (atoi(value) != 0);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_LIMIT:
  		workspace_limit = atoi(value);
  		if (workspace_limit > SWM_WS_MAX)
  			workspace_limit = SWM_WS_MAX;
  		else if (workspace_limit < 1)
  			workspace_limit = 1;
  
  		ewmh_update_desktops();
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_INDICATOR:
  		if (parse_workspace_indicator(value, &workspace_indicator,
  		    emsg))
  			return (1);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_NAME:
  		if (getenv("SWM_STARTED") != NULL)
  			return (0);
  
  		n = 0;
  		if (sscanf(value, "ws[%d]:%n", &ws_id, &n) != 1 || n == 0 ||
  		    value[n] == '\0') {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid syntax: %s", value);
  			return (1);
  		}
  		value += n;
  		ws_id--;
  		if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= workspace_limit) {
  			ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid workspace: %d", ws_id + 1);
  			return (1);
  		}
  
  		num_screens = get_screen_count();
  		for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i) {
  			ws = (struct workspace *)&screens[i].ws;
  
  			free(ws[ws_id].name);
  			if ((ws[ws_id].name = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  				err(1, "name: strdup");
  
  			ewmh_update_desktop_names();
  			ewmh_get_desktop_names();
  		}
  		break;
    case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_CURRENT:
  		free(workspace_mark_current);
  		if ((workspace_mark_current = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: workspace_mark_current");
  		break;
    case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_URGENT:
  		free(workspace_mark_urgent);
  		if ((workspace_mark_urgent = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: workspace_mark_urgent");
      break;
    case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_ACTIVE:
  		free(workspace_mark_active);
  		if ((workspace_mark_active = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: workspace_mark_active");
      break;
    case SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_EMPTY:
  		free(workspace_mark_empty);
  		if ((workspace_mark_empty = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: workspace_mark_empty");
      break;
    case SWM_S_STACK_MARK_MAX:
  		free(stack_mark_max);
  		if ((stack_mark_max = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: stack_mark_max");
  		break;
    case SWM_S_STACK_MARK_VERTICAL:
  		free(stack_mark_vertical);
  		if ((stack_mark_vertical = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: stack_mark_vertical");
  		break;
    case SWM_S_STACK_MARK_VERTICAL_FLIP:
  		free(stack_mark_vertical_flip);
  		if ((stack_mark_vertical_flip = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: stack_mark_vertical_flip");
  		break;
    case SWM_S_STACK_MARK_HORIZONTAL:
  		free(stack_mark_horizontal);
  		if ((stack_mark_horizontal = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: stack_mark_horizontal");
  		break;
    case SWM_S_STACK_MARK_HORIZONTAL_FLIP:
  		free(stack_mark_horizontal_flip);
  		if ((stack_mark_horizontal_flip = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: stack_mark_horizontal_flip");
  		break;
  	default:
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid option");
  		return (1);
  	}
  	return (0);
  }
  
  int
  setconfmodkey(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)selector;
  	(void)flags;
  
  	if (strncasecmp(value, "Mod1", strlen("Mod1")) == 0)
  		update_modkey(XCB_MOD_MASK_1);
  	else if (strncasecmp(value, "Mod2", strlen("Mod2")) == 0)
  		update_modkey(XCB_MOD_MASK_2);
  	else if (strncasecmp(value, "Mod3", strlen("Mod3")) == 0)
  		update_modkey(XCB_MOD_MASK_3);
  	else if (strncasecmp(value, "Mod4", strlen("Mod4")) == 0)
  		update_modkey(XCB_MOD_MASK_4);
  	else if (strncasecmp(value, "Mod5", strlen("Mod5")) == 0)
  		update_modkey(XCB_MOD_MASK_5);
  	else {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid value: %s", value);
  		return (1);
  	}
  	return (0);
  }
  
  int
  setconfcolor(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	int	first, last, i = 0, num_screens;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  
  	/* conf screen indices begin at 1; treat vals <= 0 as 'all screens.' */
  	if (selector == NULL || strlen(selector) == 0 ||
  	    (last = atoi(selector) - 1) < 0) {
  		first = 0;
  		last = num_screens - 1;
  	} else {
  		first = last;
  	}
  
  	if (last >= num_screens) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid screen index: %d", last + 1);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	for (i = first; i <= last; ++i) {
  		setscreencolor(value, i, flags);
  
  		/*
  		 * Need to sync 'maximized' and 'selected' colors with their
  		 * respective colors if they haven't been customized.
  		 */
  		switch (flags) {
  		case SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS:
  			if (!screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED].manual)
  				setscreencolor(value, i,
  				    SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED);
  			break;
  		case SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS:
  			if (!screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED].manual)
  				setscreencolor(value, i,
  				    SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED);
  			break;
  		case SWM_S_COLOR_BAR:
  			if (!screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT_SELECTED].manual)
  				setscreencolor(value, i,
  				    SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT_SELECTED);
  			break;
  		case SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER:
  			if (!screens[i].c[SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_SELECTED].manual)
  				setscreencolor(value, i,
  				    SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_SELECTED);
  			break;
  		}
  
  		screens[i].c[flags].manual = 1;
  	}
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  int
  setconfcolorlist(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	char			*b, *str, *sp;
  
  	switch (flags) {
  	case SWM_S_COLOR_BAR:
  		/* Set list of background colors */
  		if ((sp = str = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: strdup");
  
  		num_bg_colors = 0;
  		while ((b = strsep(&sp, ",")) != NULL) {
  			while (isblank(*b)) b++;
  			if (*b == '\0')
  				continue;
  			setconfcolor(selector, b, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR +
  			    num_bg_colors, emsg);
  			num_bg_colors++;
  			if (num_bg_colors == SWM_BAR_MAX_COLORS)
  				break;
  		}
  		free(str);
  		break;
  	case SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT:
  		/* Set list of foreground colors */
  		if ((sp = str = strdup(value)) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setconfvalue: strdup");
  
  		num_fg_colors = 0;
  		while ((b = strsep(&sp, ",")) != NULL) {
  			while (isblank(*b)) b++;
  			if (*b == '\0')
  				continue;
  			setconfcolor(selector, b, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT +
  			    num_fg_colors, emsg);
  			num_fg_colors++;
  			if (num_fg_colors == SWM_BAR_MAX_COLORS)
  				break;
  		}
  		free(str);
  		break;
  	}
  	return (0);
  }
  
  int
  setconfregion(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	unsigned int			x, y, w, h;
  	int				sidx, num_screens;
  	xcb_screen_t			*screen;
  
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)selector;
  	(void)flags;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "%s\n", value);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	if (sscanf(value, "screen[%d]:%ux%u+%u+%u",
  	    &sidx, &w, &h, &x, &y) != 5) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid syntax: %s", value);
  		return (1);
  	}
  	if (sidx < 1 || sidx > num_screens) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid screen index: %d", sidx);
  		return (1);
  	}
  	sidx--;
  
  	if ((screen = get_screen(sidx)) == NULL)
  		errx(1, "ERROR: unable to get screen %d.", sidx);
  
  	if (w < 1 || h < 1) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid size: %ux%u", w, h);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	if (x > screen->width_in_pixels ||
  	    y > screen->height_in_pixels ||
  	    w + x > screen->width_in_pixels ||
  	    h + y > screen->height_in_pixels) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "geometry exceeds screen boundary: %ux%u+%u+%u",
  		    w, h, x, y);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	new_region(&screens[sidx], x, y, w, h);
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  int
  setautorun(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	int			ws_id;
  	char			*ap, *sp, *str;
  	union arg		a;
  	int			argc = 0, n;
  	pid_t			pid;
  	struct pid_e		*p;
  
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)selector;
  	(void)flags;
  
  	if (getenv("SWM_STARTED"))
  		return (0);
  
  	n = 0;
  	if (sscanf(value, "ws[%d]:%n", &ws_id, &n) != 1 || n == 0 ||
  	    value[n] == '\0') {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid syntax: %s", value);
  		return (1);
  	}
  	value += n;
  	ws_id--;
  	if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= workspace_limit) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid workspace: %d", ws_id + 1);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	sp = str = expand_tilde(value);
  
  	/*
  	 * This is a little intricate
  	 *
  	 * If the pid already exists we simply reuse it because it means it was
  	 * used before AND not claimed by manage_window.  We get away with
  	 * altering it in the parent after INSERT because this can not be a race
  	 */
  	a.argv = NULL;
  	while ((ap = strsep(&sp, " \t")) != NULL) {
  		if (*ap == '\0')
  			continue;
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_SPAWN, "arg [%s]\n", ap);
  		argc++;
  		if ((a.argv = realloc(a.argv, argc * sizeof(char *))) == NULL)
  			err(1, "setautorun: realloc");
  		a.argv[argc - 1] = ap;
  	}
  
  	if ((a.argv = realloc(a.argv, (argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL)
  		err(1, "setautorun: realloc");
  	a.argv[argc] = NULL;
  
  	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
  		spawn(ws_id, &a, true);
  		/* NOTREACHED */
  		_exit(1);
  	}
  	free(a.argv);
  	free(str);
  
  	/* parent */
  	p = find_pid(pid);
  	if (p == NULL) {
  		p = calloc(1, sizeof *p);
  		if (p == NULL)
  			return (1);
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pidlist, p, entry);
  	}
  
  	p->pid = pid;
  	p->ws = ws_id;
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  int
  setlayout(const char *selector, const char *value, int flags, char **emsg)
  {
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	int			ws_id, i, x, mg, ma, si, ar, n;
  	int			st = SWM_V_STACK, num_screens;
  	bool			f = false;
  
  	/* suppress unused warnings since vars are needed */
  	(void)selector;
  	(void)flags;
  
  	if (getenv("SWM_STARTED"))
  		return (0);
  
  	n = 0;
  	if (sscanf(value, "ws[%d]:%d:%d:%d:%d:%n",
  	    &ws_id, &mg, &ma, &si, &ar, &n) != 5 || n == 0 ||
  	    value[n] == '\0') {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid syntax: %s", value);
  		return (1);
  	}
  	value += n;
  	ws_id--;
  	if (ws_id < 0 || ws_id >= workspace_limit) {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid workspace: %d", ws_id + 1);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	if (strcasecmp(value, "vertical") == 0)
  		st = SWM_V_STACK;
  	else if (strcasecmp(value, "vertical_flip") == 0) {
  		st = SWM_V_STACK;
  		f = true;
  	} else if (strcasecmp(value, "horizontal") == 0)
  		st = SWM_H_STACK;
  	else if (strcasecmp(value, "horizontal_flip") == 0) {
  		st = SWM_H_STACK;
  		f = true;
  	} else if (strcasecmp(value, "max") == 0 ||
  	    strcasecmp(value, "fullscreen") == 0)
  		/* Keep "fullscreen" for backwards compatibility. */
  		st = SWM_MAX_STACK;
  	else {
  		ALLOCSTR(emsg, "invalid layout: %s", value);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		ws = (struct workspace *)&screens[i].ws;
  		ws[ws_id].cur_layout = &layouts[st];
  
  		ws[ws_id].always_raise = (ar != 0);
  		if (st == SWM_MAX_STACK)
  			continue;
  
  		/* master grow */
  		for (x = 0; x < abs(mg); x++) {
  			ws[ws_id].cur_layout->l_config(&ws[ws_id],
  			    mg >= 0 ?  SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERGROW :
  			    SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERSHRINK);
  		}
  		/* master add */
  		for (x = 0; x < abs(ma); x++) {
  			ws[ws_id].cur_layout->l_config(&ws[ws_id],
  			    ma >= 0 ?  SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERADD :
  			    SWM_ARG_ID_MASTERDEL);
  		}
  		/* stack inc */
  		for (x = 0; x < abs(si); x++) {
  			ws[ws_id].cur_layout->l_config(&ws[ws_id],
  			    si >= 0 ?  SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINC :
  			    SWM_ARG_ID_STACKDEC);
  		}
  		/* Apply flip */
  		if (f) {
  			ws[ws_id].cur_layout->l_config(&ws[ws_id],
  			    SWM_ARG_ID_FLIPLAYOUT);
  		}
  	}
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  /* config options */
  struct config_option {
  	char			*name;
  	int			(*func)(const char*, const char*, int, char **);
  	int			flags;
  };
  struct config_option configopt[] = {
  	{ "autorun",			setautorun,	0 },
  	{ "bar_action",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_ACTION },
  	{ "bar_action_expand",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_ACTION_EXPAND },
  	{ "bar_at_bottom",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_AT_BOTTOM },
  	{ "bar_border",			setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER },
  	{ "bar_border_unfocus",		setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER_UNFOCUS },
  	{ "bar_border_width",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_BORDER_WIDTH },
  	{ "bar_color",			setconfcolorlist,	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR },
  	{ "bar_color_selected",		setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_SELECTED },
  	{ "bar_delay",			NULL,		0 }, /* dummy */
  	{ "bar_enabled",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED },
  	{ "bar_enabled_ws",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_ENABLED_WS },
  	{ "bar_font",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_FONT },
  	{ "bar_font_color",		setconfcolorlist,	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT },
  	{ "bar_font_color_selected",	setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT_SELECTED },
  	{ "bar_font_pua",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_FONT_PUA },
  	{ "bar_format",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_FORMAT },
  	{ "bar_justify",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BAR_JUSTIFY },
  	{ "bind",			setconfbinding,	0 },
  	{ "border_width",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BORDER_WIDTH },
  	{ "boundary_width",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_BOUNDARY_WIDTH },
  	{ "clock_enabled",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_CLOCK_ENABLED },
  	{ "clock_format",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_CLOCK_FORMAT },
  	{ "color_focus",		setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS },
  	{ "color_focus_maximized",	setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED },
  	{ "color_unfocus",		setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS },
  	{ "color_unfocus_maximized",	setconfcolor,	SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED },
  	{ "cycle_empty",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_CYCLE_EMPTY },
  	{ "cycle_visible",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_CYCLE_VISIBLE },
  	{ "dialog_ratio",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_DIALOG_RATIO },
  	{ "disable_border",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_DISABLE_BORDER },
  	{ "focus_close",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE },
  	{ "focus_close_wrap",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_FOCUS_CLOSE_WRAP },
  	{ "focus_default",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_FOCUS_DEFAULT },
  	{ "focus_mode",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_FOCUS_MODE },
  	{ "iconic_enabled",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_ICONIC_ENABLED },
  	{ "java_workaround",		NULL,		0 }, /* dummy */
  	{ "keyboard_mapping",		setkeymapping,	0 },
  	{ "layout",			setlayout,	0 },
  	{ "maximize_hide_bar",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_MAXIMIZE_HIDE_BAR },
  	{ "modkey",			setconfmodkey,	0 },
  	{ "program",			setconfspawn,	0 },
  	{ "quirk",			setconfquirk,	0 },
  	{ "region",			setconfregion,	0 },
  	{ "region_padding",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_REGION_PADDING },
  	{ "screenshot_app",		NULL,		0 }, /* dummy */
  	{ "screenshot_enabled",		NULL,		0 }, /* dummy */
  	{ "spawn_position",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_SPAWN_ORDER },
  	{ "spawn_term",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_SPAWN_TERM },
  	{ "stack_enabled",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_STACK_ENABLED },
  	{ "term_width",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_TERM_WIDTH },
  	{ "tile_gap",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_TILE_GAP },
  	{ "title_class_enabled",	setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WINDOW_CLASS_ENABLED }, /* For backwards compat. */
  	{ "title_name_enabled",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WINDOW_INSTANCE_ENABLED }, /* For backwards compat. */
  	{ "urgent_collapse",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_URGENT_COLLAPSE },
  	{ "urgent_enabled",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_URGENT_ENABLED },
  	{ "verbose_layout",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_VERBOSE_LAYOUT },
  	{ "warp_focus",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WARP_FOCUS },
  	{ "warp_pointer",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WARP_POINTER },
  	{ "window_class_enabled",	setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WINDOW_CLASS_ENABLED },
  	{ "window_instance_enabled",	setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WINDOW_INSTANCE_ENABLED },
  	{ "window_name_enabled",	setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WINDOW_NAME_ENABLED },
  	{ "workspace_clamp",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_CLAMP },
  	{ "workspace_limit",		setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_LIMIT },
  	{ "workspace_indicator",	setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_INDICATOR },
  	{ "name",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_NAME },
  	{ "workspace_mark_current",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_CURRENT },
  	{ "workspace_mark_urgent",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_URGENT },
  	{ "workspace_mark_active",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_ACTIVE },
  	{ "workspace_mark_empty",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_WORKSPACE_MARK_EMPTY },
  	{ "stack_mark_max",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_MAX },
  	{ "stack_mark_vertical",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_VERTICAL },
  	{ "stack_mark_vertical_flip",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_VERTICAL_FLIP },
  	{ "stack_mark_horizontal",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_HORIZONTAL },
  	{ "stack_mark_horizontal_flip",			setconfvalue,	SWM_S_STACK_MARK_HORIZONTAL_FLIP },
  };
  
  void
  _add_startup_exception(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
  {
  	if (vasprintf(&startup_exception, fmt, ap) == -1)
  		warn("%s: asprintf", __func__);
  }
  
  void
  add_startup_exception(const char *fmt, ...)
  {
  	va_list ap;
  
  	nr_exceptions++;
  
  	if (startup_exception)
  		return;
  
  	/* force bar to be enabled due to exception */
  	bar_enabled = true;
  
  	va_start(ap, fmt);
  	_add_startup_exception(fmt, ap);
  	va_end(ap);
  }
  
  int
  conf_load(const char *filename, int keymapping)
  {
  	FILE			*config;
  	char			*line = NULL, *cp, *ce, *optsub, *optval = NULL;
  	char			*emsg = NULL;
  	size_t			linelen, lineno = 0;
  	int			wordlen, i, optidx, count;
  	struct config_option	*opt = NULL;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "filename: %s, keymapping: %d\n", filename,
  	    keymapping);
  
  	if (filename == NULL) {
  		warnx("conf_load: no filename");
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "open %s\n", filename);
  
  	if ((config = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
  		warn("%s", filename);
  		return (1);
  	}
  
  	while (!feof(config)) {
  		if (line)
  			free(line);
  
  		if ((line = fparseln(config, &linelen, &lineno, NULL,
  		    FPARSELN_UNESCCOMM | FPARSELN_UNESCCONT)) == NULL) {
  			if (ferror(config))
  				err(1, "%s", filename);
  			else
  				continue;
  		}
  		cp = line;
  		cp += strspn(cp, " \t\n"); /* eat whitespace */
  		if (cp[0] == '\0') {
  			/* empty line */
  			continue;
  		}
  		/* get config option */
  		wordlen = strcspn(cp, "=[ \t\n");
  		if (wordlen == 0) {
  			add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: no option found",
  			    filename, lineno);
  			continue;
  		}
  		optidx = -1;
  		for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(configopt); i++) {
  			opt = &configopt[i];
  			if (strncasecmp(cp, opt->name, wordlen) == 0 &&
  			    (int)strlen(opt->name) == wordlen) {
  				optidx = i;
  				break;
  			}
  		}
  		if (optidx == -1) {
  			add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: unknown option "
  			    "%.*s", filename, lineno, wordlen, cp);
  			continue;
  		}
  		if (keymapping && opt && strcmp(opt->name, "bind")) {
  			add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: invalid option "
  			    "%.*s", filename, lineno, wordlen, cp);
  			continue;
  		}
  		cp += wordlen;
  		cp += strspn(cp, " \t\n"); /* eat whitespace */
  
  		/* get [selector] if any */
  		optsub = NULL;
  		count = 0;
  		if (*cp == '[') {
  			++count;
  			/* Get length of selector. */
  			for (ce = ++cp; *ce != '\0'; ++ce) {
  				/* Find matching (not escaped) bracket. */
  				if (*ce == ']' && *(ce - 1) != '\\') {
  					--count;
  					break;
  				}
  			}
  
  			if (count > 0) {
  				add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: syntax "
  				    "error: unterminated selector", filename,
  				    lineno);
  				continue;
  			}
  
  			/* ce points at ']'; terminate optsub. */
  			*ce = '\0';
  			optsub = cp;
  			cp = ce + 1;
  		}
  		cp += strspn(cp, "= \t\n"); /* eat trailing */
  		/* get RHS value */
  		optval = cp;
  		if (strlen(optval) == 0) {
  			add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: must supply value "
  			    "to %s", filename, lineno, opt->name);
  			continue;
  		}
  		/* trim trailing spaces */
  		ce = optval + strlen(optval) - 1;
  		while (ce > optval && isspace(*ce))
  			--ce;
  		*(ce + 1) = '\0';
  		/* call function to deal with it all */
  		if (opt->func && opt->func(optsub, optval, opt->flags, &emsg)) {
  			if (emsg) {
  				add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: %s: %s",
  				    filename, lineno, opt->name, emsg);
  				free(emsg);
  				emsg = NULL;
  			} else
  				add_startup_exception("%s: line %zd: %s",
  				    filename, lineno, opt->name);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (line)
  		free(line);
  	fclose(config);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CONF, "end\n");
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  pid_t
  window_get_pid(xcb_window_t win)
  {
  	pid_t				ret = 0;
  	const char			*errstr;
  	xcb_atom_t			apid;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	pc;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*pr;
  
  	apid = get_atom_from_string("_NET_WM_PID");
  	if (apid == XCB_ATOM_NONE)
  		goto tryharder;
  
  	pc = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win, apid, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 0, 1);
  	pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
  	if (pr == NULL)
  		goto tryharder;
  	if (pr->type != XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL) {
  		free(pr);
  		goto tryharder;
  	}
  
  	if (pr->type == apid && pr->format == 32)
  		ret = *((pid_t *)xcb_get_property_value(pr));
  	free(pr);
  
  	return (ret);
  
  tryharder:
  	apid = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_PID");
  	pc = xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win, apid, XCB_ATOM_STRING,
  	    0, SWM_PROPLEN);
  	pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, pc, NULL);
  	if (pr == NULL)
  		return (0);
  	if (pr->type != apid) {
  		free(pr);
  		return (0);
  	}
  
  	ret = (pid_t)strtonum(xcb_get_property_value(pr), 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
  	free(pr);
  
  	return (ret);
  }
  
  int
  get_swm_ws(xcb_window_t id)
  {
  	int			ws_idx = -1;
  	char			*prop = NULL;
  	size_t			proplen;
  	const char		*errstr;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*gpr;
  
  	gpr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn,
  		xcb_get_property(conn, 0, id, a_swm_ws,
  		    XCB_ATOM_STRING, 0, SWM_PROPLEN),
  		NULL);
  	if (gpr == NULL)
  		return (-1);
  	if (gpr->type) {
  		proplen = xcb_get_property_value_length(gpr);
  		if (proplen > 0) {
  			prop = malloc(proplen + 1);
  			if (prop) {
  				memcpy(prop,
  				    xcb_get_property_value(gpr),
  				    proplen);
  				prop[proplen] = '\0';
  			}
  		}
  	}
  	free(gpr);
  
  	if (prop) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "_SWM_WS: %s\n", prop);
  		ws_idx = (int)strtonum(prop, 0, workspace_limit - 1, &errstr);
  		if (errstr) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "win #%s: %s", errstr, prop);
  		}
  		free(prop);
  	}
  
  	return (ws_idx);
  }
  
  int
  get_ws_idx(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*gpr;
  	int			ws_idx = -1;
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return (-1);
  
  	gpr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn,
  		xcb_get_property(conn, 0, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_DESKTOP].atom,
  		    XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 0, 1),
  		NULL);
  	if (gpr) {
  		if (gpr->type == XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL && gpr->format == 32)
  			ws_idx = *((int *)xcb_get_property_value(gpr));
  		free(gpr);
  	}
  
  	if (ws_idx == -1 && !(win->quirks & SWM_Q_IGNORESPAWNWS))
  		ws_idx = get_swm_ws(win->id);
  
  	if (ws_idx > workspace_limit - 1 || ws_idx < -1)
  		ws_idx = -1;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "win %#x, ws_idx: %d\n", win->id, ws_idx);
  
  	return (ws_idx);
  }
  
  void
  reparent_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_screen_t		*s;
  	xcb_void_cookie_t	c;
  	xcb_generic_error_t	*error;
  	uint32_t		wa[3];
  
  	win->frame = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, frame: %#x\n", win->id, win->frame);
  
  	if ((s = get_screen(win->s->idx)) == NULL)
  		errx(1, "ERROR: unable to get screen %d.", win->s->idx);
  	wa[0] = s->black_pixel;
  	wa[1] =
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	wa[1] |= XCB_EVENT_MASK_LEAVE_WINDOW | XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE;
  #endif
  	wa[2] = win->s->colormap;
  
  	xcb_create_window(conn, win->s->depth, win->frame, win->s->root, X(win),
  	    Y(win), WIDTH(win), HEIGHT(win), 0, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
  	    win->s->visual, XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK |
  	    XCB_CW_COLORMAP, wa);
  
  	win->state = SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTING;
  	c = xcb_reparent_window_checked(conn, win->id, win->frame, 0, 0);
  	if ((error = xcb_request_check(conn, c))) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "error:\n");
  		event_error(error);
  		free(error);
  
  		/* Abort. */
  		xcb_destroy_window(conn, win->frame);
  		win->frame = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	} else {
  		xcb_change_save_set(conn, XCB_SET_MODE_INSERT, win->id);
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  unparent_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	xcb_change_save_set(conn, XCB_SET_MODE_DELETE, win->id);
  	xcb_reparent_window(conn, win->id, win->s->root, X(win), Y(win));
  	xcb_destroy_window(conn, win->frame);
  	win->frame = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	win->state = SWM_WIN_STATE_UNPARENTING;
  }
  
  struct ws_win *
  manage_window(xcb_window_t id, int spawn_pos, bool mapping)
  {
  	struct ws_win				*win = NULL, *ww;
  	struct swm_region			*r;
  	struct pid_e				*p;
  	struct quirk				*qp;
  	xcb_get_geometry_reply_t		*gr;
  	xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t	*war = NULL;
  	xcb_window_t				trans = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  	uint32_t				i, wa[1], new_flags;
  	int					ws_idx, force_ws = -1;
  	char					*class, *instance, *name;
  
  	if (find_bar(id)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "skip; win %#x is region bar\n", id);
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (find_region(id)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "skip; win %#x is region window\n", id);
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if ((win = find_window(id)) != NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "skip; win %#x (%#x) already managed\n",
  		    win->frame, win->id);
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	war = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, id), NULL);
  	if (war == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "skip; window lost\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (war->override_redirect) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "skip; override_redirect\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (!mapping && war->map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED &&
  	    get_win_state(id) == XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "skip; window withdrawn\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	/* Try to get initial window geometry. */
  	gr = xcb_get_geometry_reply(conn, xcb_get_geometry(conn, id), NULL);
  	if (gr == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "get geometry failed\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	/* Create and initialize ws_win object. */
  	if ((win = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ws_win))) == NULL)
  		err(1, "manage_window: calloc: failed to allocate memory for "
  		    "new window");
  
  	win->id = id;
  
  	/* Figureout which region the window belongs to. */
  	r = root_to_region(gr->root, SWM_CK_ALL);
  
  	/* Ignore window border if there is one. */
  	WIDTH(win) = gr->width;
  	HEIGHT(win) = gr->height;
  	X(win) = gr->x + gr->border_width;
  	Y(win) = gr->y + gr->border_width;
  	win->bordered = false;
  	win->mapped = (war->map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED);
  	win->s = r->s;	/* this never changes */
  
  	free(gr);
  
  	/* Select which X events to monitor and set border pixel color. */
  	wa[0] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW | XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY;
  
  	xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, win->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, wa);
  
  	/* Get WM_SIZE_HINTS. */
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_normal_hints_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_icccm_get_wm_normal_hints(conn, win->id),
  	    &win->sh, NULL);
  
  	/* Get WM_HINTS. */
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_icccm_get_wm_hints(conn, win->id),
  	    &win->hints, NULL);
  
  	/* Get WM_TRANSIENT_FOR; see if window is a transient. */
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for(conn, win->id),
  	    &trans, NULL);
  	if (trans) {
  		win->transient = trans;
  		set_focus_redirect(win);
  	}
  
  	/* Get WM_PROTOCOLS. */
  	get_wm_protocols(win);
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	/* Must be after getting WM_HINTS and WM_PROTOCOLS. */
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "input_model: %s\n", get_win_input_model(win));
  #endif
  
  	/* Set initial quirks based on EWMH. */
  	ewmh_autoquirk(win);
  
  	/* Determine initial quirks. */
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_class_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_icccm_get_wm_class(conn, win->id),
  	    &win->ch, NULL);
  
  	class = win->ch.class_name ? win->ch.class_name : "";
  	instance = win->ch.instance_name ? win->ch.instance_name : "";
  	name = get_win_name(win->id);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CLASS, "class: %s, instance: %s, name: %s\n", class,
  	    instance, name);
  
  	/* java is retarded so treat it special */
  	if (strstr(instance, "sun-awt") || strstr(instance, "jetbrains")) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CLASS, "java window detected.\n");
  		win->java = true;
  	}
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(qp, &quirks, entry) {
  		if (regexec(&qp->regex_class, class, 0, NULL, 0) == 0 &&
  		    regexec(&qp->regex_instance, instance, 0, NULL, 0) == 0 &&
  		    regexec(&qp->regex_name, name, 0, NULL, 0) == 0) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_CLASS, "matched quirk: %s:%s:%s "
  			    "mask: %#x, ws: %d\n", qp->class, qp->instance,
  			    qp->name, qp->quirk, qp->ws);
  			win->quirks = qp->quirk;
  			if (qp->ws >= 0 && qp->ws < workspace_limit)
  				force_ws = qp->ws;
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(name);
  
  	/* Reset font sizes (the bruteforce way; no default keybinding). */
  	if (win->quirks & SWM_Q_XTERM_FONTADJ) {
  		for (i = 0; i < SWM_MAX_FONT_STEPS; i++)
  			fake_keypress(win, XK_KP_Subtract, XCB_MOD_MASK_SHIFT);
  		for (i = 0; i < SWM_MAX_FONT_STEPS; i++)
  			fake_keypress(win, XK_KP_Add, XCB_MOD_MASK_SHIFT);
  	}
  
  	/* Figure out which workspace the window belongs to. */
  	if (!(win->quirks & SWM_Q_IGNOREPID) &&
  	    (p = find_pid(window_get_pid(win->id))) != NULL) {
  		win->ws = &r->s->ws[p->ws];
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(&pidlist, p, entry);
  		free(p);
  		p = NULL;
  	} else if ((ws_idx = get_ws_idx(win)) != -1 &&
  	    !TRANS(win)) {
  		/* _SWM_WS is set; use that. */
  		win->ws = &r->s->ws[ws_idx];
  	} else if (trans && (ww = find_window(trans)) != NULL) {
  		/* Launch transients in the same ws as parent. */
  		win->ws = ww->ws;
  	} else {
  		win->ws = r->ws;
  	}
  
  	if (force_ws != -1)
  		win->ws = &r->s->ws[force_ws];
  
  	/* Set the _NET_WM_DESKTOP atom. */
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_PROP, "set _NET_WM_DESKTOP: %d\n", win->ws->idx);
  	xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win->id,
  	    ewmh[_NET_WM_DESKTOP].atom, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 1,
  	    &win->ws->idx);
  
  	/* Remove any _SWM_WS now that we set _NET_WM_DESKTOP. */
  	xcb_delete_property(conn, win->id, a_swm_ws);
  
  	/* WS must already be set for this to work. */
  	store_float_geom(win);
  
  	/* Make sure window is positioned inside its region, if its active. */
  	if (win->ws->r) {
  		region_containment(win, r, SWM_CW_ALLSIDES |
  		    SWM_CW_HARDBOUNDARY);
  		update_window(win);
  	}
  
  	/* Figure out where to insert the window in the workspace list. */
  	if (trans && (ww = find_window(trans)))
  		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&win->ws->winlist, ww, win, entry);
  	else if (win->ws->focus && spawn_pos == SWM_STACK_ABOVE)
  		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&win->ws->winlist, win->ws->focus, win,
  		    entry);
  	else if (win->ws->focus && spawn_pos == SWM_STACK_BELOW)
  		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(win->ws->focus, win, entry);
  	else switch (spawn_pos) {
  	default:
  	case SWM_STACK_TOP:
  	case SWM_STACK_ABOVE:
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
  		break;
  	case SWM_STACK_BOTTOM:
  	case SWM_STACK_BELOW:
  		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
  	}
  
  	ewmh_update_client_list();
  
  	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&win->ws->stack, win, stack_entry);
  	lower_window(win);
  
  	/* Get/apply initial _NET_WM_STATE */
  	ewmh_get_wm_state(win);
  
  	/* Apply quirks. */
  	new_flags = win->ewmh_flags;
  
  	if (win->quirks & SWM_Q_FLOAT)
  		new_flags |= EWMH_F_ABOVE;
  
  	if (win->quirks & SWM_Q_ANYWHERE)
  		new_flags |= SWM_F_MANUAL;
  
  	ewmh_apply_flags(win, new_flags);
  	ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  
  	/* Set initial _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS */
  	ewmh_update_actions(win);
  
  	reparent_window(win);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done. win %#x, (x,y) w x h: (%d,%d) %d x %d, "
  	    "ws: %d, iconic: %s, transient: %#x\n", win->id, X(win), Y(win),
  	    WIDTH(win), HEIGHT(win), win->ws->idx, YESNO(ICONIC(win)),
  	    win->transient);
  out:
  	free(war);
  	return (win);
  }
  
  void
  free_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	xcb_icccm_get_wm_class_reply_wipe(&win->ch);
  
  	/* paint memory */
  	memset(win, 0xff, sizeof *win);	/* XXX kill later */
  
  	free(win);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  unmanage_window(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x\n", WINID(win));
  
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	kill_refs(win);
  	unparent_window(win);
  
  	TAILQ_REMOVE(&win->ws->stack, win, stack_entry);
  	TAILQ_REMOVE(&win->ws->winlist, win, entry);
  	free_window(win);
  
  	ewmh_update_client_list();
  }
  
  void
  expose(xcb_expose_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	struct swm_bar		*b;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  #endif
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, count: %d\n", e->window, e->count);
  
  	if (e->count > 0)
  		return;
  
  	if ((b = find_bar(e->window))) {
  		bar_draw(b);
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  	} else if ((w = find_window(e->window)) && w->frame == e->window) {
  		draw_frame(w);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  		ws = w->ws;
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &ws->winlist, entry)
  			debug_refresh(w);
  #endif
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  focusin(xcb_focus_in_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct swm_screen	*s = NULL;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, mode: %s(%u), detail: %s(%u)\n",
  	    e->event, get_notify_mode_label(e->mode), e->mode,
  	    get_notify_detail_label(e->detail), e->detail);
  
  	if (e->mode != XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_NORMAL)
  		return;
  
  	/* Managed window. */
  	if ((win = find_window(e->event))) {
  		if (win != win->ws->focus && win != win->ws->focus_pending) {
  			win->ws->focus_prev = win->ws->focus;
  			win->ws->focus = win;
  			win->ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  
  			if (win->ws->focus_prev)
  				draw_frame(win->ws->focus_prev);
  
  			draw_frame(win);
  			raise_window(win);
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  			focus_flush();
  		}
  	} else {
  		/* Redirect focus if needed. */
  		r = find_region(e->event);
  		if (r)
  			s = r->s;
  		else
  			s = find_screen(e->event);
  
  		if (s && (win = get_region_focus(s->r_focus))) {
  			focus_win_input(win, true);
  
  			if (win->ws->focus == NULL)
  				win->ws->focus = win;
  
  			draw_frame(win);
  			focus_flush();
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void
  focusout(xcb_focus_out_event_t *e)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, mode: %s(%u), detail: %s(%u)\n",
  	    e->event, get_notify_mode_label(e->mode), e->mode,
  	    get_notify_detail_label(e->detail), e->detail);
  }
  #endif
  
  void
  keypress(xcb_key_press_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct action		*ap;
  	struct binding		*bp;
  	xcb_keysym_t		keysym;
  	bool			replay = true;
  
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	keysym = xcb_key_press_lookup_keysym(syms, e, 0);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "keysym: %u, win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), detail: %u, "
  	    "time: %#x, root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, state: %u, "
  	    "cleaned: %u, same_screen: %s\n", keysym, e->event, e->event_x,
  	    e->event_y, e->detail, e->time, e->root, e->root_x, e->root_y,
  	    e->child, e->state, CLEANMASK(e->state), YESNO(e->same_screen));
  
  	bp = binding_lookup(CLEANMASK(e->state), KEYBIND, keysym);
  	if (bp == NULL) {
  		/* Look for catch-all. */
  		if ((bp = binding_lookup(ANYMOD, KEYBIND, keysym)) == NULL)
  			goto out;
  	}
  
  	replay = bp->flags & BINDING_F_REPLAY;
  
  	if ((ap = &actions[bp->action]) == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	if (bp->action == FN_SPAWN_CUSTOM)
  		spawn_custom(root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_ALL), &ap->args,
  		    bp->spawn_name);
  	else if (ap->func)
  		ap->func(bp, root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_ALL), &ap->args);
  
  	replay = replay && !(ap->flags & FN_F_NOREPLAY);
  
  out:
  	if (replay) {
  		/* Replay event to event window */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "replaying\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_REPLAY_KEYBOARD, e->time);
  	} else {
  		/* Unfreeze grab events. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "unfreezing\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_SYNC_KEYBOARD, e->time);
  	}
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  keyrelease(xcb_key_release_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct action		*ap;
  	struct binding		*bp;
  	xcb_keysym_t		keysym;
  
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	keysym = xcb_key_release_lookup_keysym(syms, e, 0);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "keysym: %u, win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), detail: %u, "
  	    "time: %#x, root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, state: %u, "
  	    "same_screen: %s\n", keysym, e->event, e->event_x, e->event_y,
  	    e->detail, e->time, e->root, e->root_x, e->root_y, e->child,
  	    e->state, YESNO(e->same_screen));
  
  	bp = binding_lookup(CLEANMASK(e->state), KEYBIND, keysym);
  	if (bp == NULL)
  		/* Look for catch-all. */
  		bp = binding_lookup(ANYMOD, KEYBIND, keysym);
  
  	if (bp && (ap = &actions[bp->action]) && !(ap->flags & FN_F_NOREPLAY) &&
  	    bp->flags & BINDING_F_REPLAY) {
  		/* Replay event to event window */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "replaying\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_REPLAY_KEYBOARD, e->time);
  	} else {
  		/* Unfreeze grab events. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "unfreezing\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_SYNC_KEYBOARD, e->time);
  	}
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  buttonpress(xcb_button_press_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win = NULL, *newf;
  	struct swm_region	*r, *old_r;
  	struct action		*ap;
  	struct binding		*bp;
  	bool			replay = true;
  
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), detail: %u, time: %#x, "
  	    "root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, state: %u, same_screen: %s\n",
  	    e->event, e->event_x, e->event_y, e->detail, e->time, e->root,
  	    e->root_x, e->root_y, e->child, e->state, YESNO(e->same_screen));
  
  	if (e->event == e->root) {
  		if (e->child) {
  			win = find_window(e->child);
  			if (win == NULL) {
  				r = find_region(e->child);
  				if (r)
  					focus_region(r);
  				replay = false;
  			}
  		} else {
  			/* Focus on region if it's empty. */
  			r = root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_POINTER);
  			if (r && TAILQ_EMPTY(&r->ws->winlist)) {
  				old_r = root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_FOCUS);
  				if (old_r && old_r != r)
  					unfocus_win(old_r->ws->focus);
  
  				/* Clear bar since empty. */
  				bar_draw(r->bar);
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, "
  				    "revert-to: PointerRoot, time: %#x\n",
  				    r->id, last_event_time);
  				xcb_set_input_focus(conn,
  				    XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, r->id,
  				    XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  				bar_draw(r->bar);
  
  				/* Don't replay root window events. */
  				replay = false;
  			}
  		}
  	} else
  		win = find_window(e->event);
  
  	if (win) {
  		newf = get_focus_magic(win);
  		if (win->ws->focus == newf && newf != win) {
  			if (win->focus_redirect == win)
  				win->focus_redirect = NULL;
  			newf = win;
  		}
  		focus_win(newf);
  	}
  
  	/* Handle any bound action. */
  	bp = binding_lookup(CLEANMASK(e->state), BTNBIND, e->detail);
  	if (bp == NULL) {
  		/* Look for catch-all. */
  		if ((bp = binding_lookup(ANYMOD, BTNBIND, e->detail)) == NULL)
  			goto out;
  	}
  
  	replay = bp->flags & BINDING_F_REPLAY;
  
  	if ((ap = &actions[bp->action]) == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	if (bp->action == FN_SPAWN_CUSTOM)
  		spawn_custom(root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_ALL), &ap->args,
  		    bp->spawn_name);
  	else if (ap->func)
  		ap->func(bp, root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_ALL), &ap->args);
  
  	replay = replay && !(ap->flags & FN_F_NOREPLAY);
  
  out:
  	if (replay) {
  		/* Replay event to event window */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "replaying\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_REPLAY_POINTER, e->time);
  	} else {
  		/* Unfreeze grab events. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "unfreezing\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_SYNC_POINTER, e->time);
  	}
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  void
  buttonrelease(xcb_button_release_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct action		*ap;
  	struct binding		*bp;
  
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), detail: %u, time: %#x, "
  	    "root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, state: %u, same_screen: %s\n",
  	    e->event, e->event_x, e->event_y, e->detail, e->time, e->root,
  	    e->root_x, e->root_y, e->child, e->state, YESNO(e->same_screen));
  
  	bp = binding_lookup(CLEANMASK(e->state), BTNBIND, e->detail);
  	if (bp == NULL)
  		/* Look for catch-all. */
  		bp = binding_lookup(ANYMOD, BTNBIND, e->detail);
  
  	if (bp && (ap = &actions[bp->action]) && !(ap->flags & FN_F_NOREPLAY) &&
  	    bp->flags & BINDING_F_REPLAY) {
  		/* Replay event to event window */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "replaying\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_REPLAY_POINTER, e->time);
  	} else {
  		/* Unfreeze grab events. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "unfreezing\n");
  		xcb_allow_events(conn, XCB_ALLOW_SYNC_POINTER, e->time);
  	}
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char *
  get_win_input_model(struct ws_win *win)
  {
  	char		*inputmodel;
  	/*
  	 *	Input Model		Input Field	WM_TAKE_FOCUS
  	 *	No Input		False		Absent
  	 *	Passive			True		Absent
  	 *	Locally Active		True		Present
  	 *	Globally Active		False		Present
  	 */
  
  	if (ACCEPTS_FOCUS(win))
  		inputmodel = (win->take_focus) ? "Locally Active" : "Passive";
  	else
  		inputmodel = (win->take_focus) ? "Globally Active" : "No Input";
  
  	return (inputmodel);
  }
  
  void
  print_win_geom(xcb_window_t w)
  {
  	xcb_get_geometry_reply_t	*wa;
  
  	wa = xcb_get_geometry_reply(conn, xcb_get_geometry(conn, w), NULL);
  	if (wa == NULL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x not found\n", w);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "win %#x, root: %#x, depth: %u, (x,y) w x h: "
  	    "(%d,%d) %d x %d, border: %d\n", w, wa->root, wa->depth, wa->x,
  	    wa->y, wa->width, wa->height, wa->border_width);
  
  	free(wa);
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char *
  get_stack_mode_name(uint8_t mode)
  {
  	char	*name;
  
  	switch (mode) {
  	case XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE:
  		name = "Above";
  		break;
  	case XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW:
  		name = "Below";
  		break;
  	case XCB_STACK_MODE_TOP_IF:
  		name = "TopIf";
  		break;
  	case XCB_STACK_MODE_BOTTOM_IF:
  		name = "BottomIf";
  		break;
  	case XCB_STACK_MODE_OPPOSITE:
  		name = "Opposite";
  		break;
  	default:
  		name = "Unknown";
  	}
  
  	return (name);
  }
  #endif
  
  void
  configurerequest(xcb_configure_request_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct swm_region	*r = NULL;
  	int			i = 0;
  	uint32_t		wc[7] = {0};
  	uint16_t		mask = 0;
  	bool			new = false;
  
  	if ((win = find_window(e->window)) == NULL)
  		new = true;
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	if (swm_debug & SWM_D_EVENT) {
  		print_win_geom(e->window);
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, parent: %#x, new: %s, "
  		    "value_mask: %u { ", e->window, e->parent, YESNO(new),
  		    e->value_mask);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X)
  			DPRINTF("X: %d ", e->x);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y)
  			DPRINTF("Y: %d ", e->y);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH)
  			DPRINTF("W: %u ", e->width);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT)
  			DPRINTF("H: %u ", e->height);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH)
  			DPRINTF("Border: %u ", e->border_width);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING)
  			DPRINTF("Sibling: %#x ", e->sibling);
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE)
  			DPRINTF("StackMode: %s(%u) ",
  			    get_stack_mode_name(e->stack_mode), e->stack_mode);
  		DPRINTF("}\n");
  	}
  #endif
  
  	if (new) {
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X;
  			wc[i++] = e->x;
  		}
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y;
  			wc[i++] = e->y;
  		}
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH;
  			wc[i++] = e->width;
  		}
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT;
  			wc[i++] = e->height;
  		}
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH;
  			wc[i++] = e->border_width;
  		}
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING;
  			wc[i++] = e->sibling;
  		}
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE) {
  			mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE;
  			wc[i++] = e->stack_mode;
  		}
  
  		if (mask != 0) {
  			xcb_configure_window(conn, e->window, mask, wc);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  		}
  	} else if ((!MANUAL(win) || win->quirks & SWM_Q_ANYWHERE) &&
  	    !FULLSCREEN(win) && !MAXIMIZED(win)) {
  		if (win->ws->r)
  			r = win->ws->r;
  		else if (win->ws->old_r)
  			r = win->ws->old_r;
  
  		/* windows are centered unless ANYWHERE quirk is set. */
  		if (win->quirks & SWM_Q_ANYWHERE) {
  			if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X) {
  				win->g_float.x = e->x;
  				if (r)
  					win->g_float.x -= X(r);
  			}
  
  			if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y) {
  				win->g_float.y = e->y;
  				if (r)
  					win->g_float.y -= Y(r);
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH)
  			win->g_float.w = e->width;
  
  		if (e->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT)
  			win->g_float.h = e->height;
  
  		win->g_floatvalid = true;
  
  		if (!MAXIMIZED(win) && !FULLSCREEN(win) &&
  		    (TRANS(win) || (ABOVE(win) &&
  		    win->ws->cur_layout != &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK]))) {
  			WIDTH(win) = win->g_float.w;
  			HEIGHT(win) = win->g_float.h;
  
  			if (r != NULL) {
  				update_floater(win);
  				focus_flush();
  			} else {
  				config_win(win, e);
  				xcb_flush(conn);
  			}
  		} else {
  			config_win(win, e);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  		}
  	} else {
  		config_win(win, e);
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  configurenotify(xcb_configure_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, event win: %#x, (x,y) WxH: (%d,%d) "
  	    "%ux%u, border: %u, above_sibling: %#x, override_redirect: %s\n",
  	    e->window, e->event, e->x, e->y, e->width, e->height,
  	    e->border_width, e->above_sibling, YESNO(e->override_redirect));
  
  	win = find_window(e->window);
  	if (win) {
  		adjust_font(win);
  		if (font_adjusted && win->ws->r) {
  			stack(win->ws->r);
  			xcb_flush(conn);
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  void
  destroynotify(xcb_destroy_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	bool			dofocus;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x\n", e->window);
  
  	if ((win = find_window(e->window)) == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  
  	if (win->frame == e->window) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "frame for win %#x\n", win->id);
  		win->frame = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(win->s));
  	if (dofocus && win == ws->focus)
  		ws->focus_pending = get_focus_other(win);
  
  	unmanage_window(win);
  	stack(ws->r);
  
  	if (dofocus && WS_FOCUSED(ws)) {
  		if (ws->focus_pending) {
  			focus_win(ws->focus_pending);
  			ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  		} else if (ws->focus == NULL) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  			    "PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n", ws->r->id);
  			xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
  			    ws->r->id, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  		}
  
  		focus_flush();
  	}
  
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char *
  get_notify_detail_label(uint8_t detail)
  {
  	char *label;
  
  	switch (detail) {
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_ANCESTOR:
  		label = "Ancestor";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_VIRTUAL:
  		label = "Virtual";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_INFERIOR:
  		label = "Inferior";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_NONLINEAR:
  		label = "Nonlinear";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_NONLINEAR_VIRTUAL:
  		label = "NonlinearVirtual";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_POINTER:
  		label = "Pointer";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_POINTER_ROOT:
  		label = "PointerRoot";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_NONE:
  		label = "None";
  		break;
  	default:
  		label = "Unknown";
  	}
  
  	return (label);
  }
  
  char *
  get_notify_mode_label(uint8_t mode)
  {
  	char *label;
  
  	switch (mode) {
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_NORMAL:
  		label = "Normal";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_GRAB:
  		label = "Grab";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_UNGRAB:
  		label = "Ungrab";
  		break;
  	case XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_WHILE_GRABBED:
  		label = "WhileGrabbed";
  		break;
  	default:
  		label = "Unknown";
  	}
  
  	return (label);
  }
  
  char *
  get_state_mask_label(uint16_t state)
  {
  	char *label;
  
  	switch (state) {
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_SHIFT:
  		label = "ShiftMask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_LOCK:
  		label = "LockMask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_CONTROL:
  		label = "ControlMask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_1:
  		label = "Mod1Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_2:
  		label = "Mod2Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_3:
  		label = "Mod3Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_4:
  		label = "Mod4Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_MOD_5:
  		label = "Mod5Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_BUTTON_1:
  		label = "Button1Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_BUTTON_2:
  		label = "Button2Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_BUTTON_3:
  		label = "Button3Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_BUTTON_4:
  		label = "Button4Mask";
  		break;
  	case XCB_KEY_BUT_MASK_BUTTON_5:
  		label = "Button5Mask";
  		break;
  	case 0:
  		label = "None";
  		break;
  	default:
  		label = "Unknown";
  	}
  
  	return (label);
  }
  
  char *
  get_wm_state_label(uint8_t state)
  {
  	char *label;
  	switch (state) {
  	case XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN:
  		label = "Withdrawn";
  		break;
  	case XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL:
  		label = "Normal";
  		break;
  	case XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC:
  		label = "Iconic";
  		break;
  	default:
  		label = "Unknown";
  	}
  
  	return (label);
  }
  #endif
  
  void
  enternotify(xcb_enter_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "time: %#x, win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), mode: %s(%d), "
  	    "detail: %s(%d), root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, "
  	    "same_screen_focus: %s, state: %s(%d)\n", e->time, e->event,
  	    e->event_x, e->event_y, get_notify_mode_label(e->mode), e->mode,
  	    get_notify_detail_label(e->detail), e->detail, e->root, e->root_x,
  	    e->root_y, e->child, YESNO(e->same_screen_focus),
  	    get_state_mask_label(e->state), e->state);
  
  	if (e->event == e->root && e->child == XCB_WINDOW_NONE &&
  	    e->mode == XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_GRAB &&
  	    e->detail == XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_INFERIOR) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; grab inferior\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (focus_mode == SWM_FOCUS_MANUAL) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; manual focus\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (focus_mode != SWM_FOCUS_FOLLOW &&
  	    e->mode == XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_UNGRAB &&
  	    e->detail != XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_ANCESTOR) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; ungrab\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if ((win = find_window(e->event)) == NULL) {
  		if (e->event == e->root) {
  			/* If no windows on pointer region, then focus root. */
  			r = root_to_region(e->root, SWM_CK_POINTER);
  			if (r == NULL) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; NULL region\n");
  				return;
  			}
  
  			focus_region(r);
  		} else {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; window is NULL\n");
  			return;
  		}
  	} else {
  		if (e->mode == XCB_NOTIFY_MODE_NORMAL &&
  		    e->detail == XCB_NOTIFY_DETAIL_INFERIOR) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; enter from inferior\n");
  			return;
  		}
  
  		focus_win(get_focus_magic(win));
  		focus_flush();
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  void
  leavenotify(xcb_leave_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "time: %#x, win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), mode: %s(%d),"
  	    " detail: %s(%d), root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, "
  	    "same_screen_focus: %s, state: %s(%d)\n", e->time, e->event,
  	    e->event_x, e->event_y, get_notify_mode_label(e->mode), e->mode,
  	    get_notify_detail_label(e->detail), e->detail, e->root, e->root_x,
  	    e->root_y, e->child, YESNO(e->same_screen_focus),
  	    get_state_mask_label(e->state), e->state);
  }
  #endif
  
  /* Determine if focus should be left to the pointer. */
  bool
  pointer_follow(struct swm_screen *s) {
  	struct swm_region		*r;
  	xcb_query_pointer_reply_t	*qpr;
  	bool				result;
  
  	if (focus_mode != SWM_FOCUS_FOLLOW)
  		return (false);
  
  	result = true;
  	/* Check if pointer is on one of our non-frame windows, or root. */
  	qpr = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_query_pointer(conn, s->root), NULL);
  	if (qpr) {
  		if (qpr->child == s->root)
  			result = false;
  		else
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &s->rl, entry) {
  				/* Pointer on a (not frame) window we own. */
  				if ((r->bar && r->bar->id == qpr->child) ||
  				    r->id == qpr->child) {
  					result = false;
  					break;
  				}
  #if 0
  				/* Pointer outside focused region. */
  				if (r != s->r_focus && (X(r) <= qpr->root_x &&
  				    qpr->root_x < MAX_X(r) &&
  				    Y(r) <= qpr->root_y &&
  				    qpr->root_y < MAX_Y(r))) {
  					result = false;
  					break;
  				}
  #endif
  			}
  
  		free(qpr);
  	}
  
  	return (result);
  }
  
  void
  mapnotify(xcb_map_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win, *mainw = NULL;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	bool			setstate = true, dofocus;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "event: %#x, win %#x, override_redirect: %u\n",
  	    e->event, e->window, e->override_redirect);
  
  	if ((win = manage_window(e->window, spawn_position, false)) == NULL)
  		goto out;
  	ws = win->ws;
  
  	if (win->state == SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTING)
  		goto out;
  
  	if (ws->r == NULL) {
  		unmap_window(win);
  		goto flush;
  	}
  
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(win->s));
  
  	if (ws->state == SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPED) {
  		if (ws->focus_pending && TRANS(ws->focus_pending))
  			mainw = find_main_window(win);
  
  		/* If main window is maximized, don't clear it. */
  		if ((mainw == NULL) || !MAXIMIZED(mainw))
  			if (clear_maximized(ws) > 0) {
  				stack(ws->r);
  				setstate = false;
  			}
  	}
  
  	if (setstate) {
  		win->mapped = true;
  		set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL);
  	}
  
  	if (dofocus && WS_FOCUSED(win->ws)) {
  		if (ws->focus_pending == win) {
  			focus_win(win);
  			ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  			center_pointer(ws->r);
  		}
  	}
  flush:
  	focus_flush();
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char *
  get_mapping_notify_label(uint8_t request)
  {
  	char *label;
  
  	switch(request) {
  	case XCB_MAPPING_MODIFIER:
  		label = "MappingModifier";
  		break;
  	case XCB_MAPPING_KEYBOARD:
  		label = "MappingKeyboard";
  		break;
  	case XCB_MAPPING_POINTER:
  		label = "MappingPointer";
  		break;
  	default:
  		label = "Unknown";
  	}
  
  	return (label);
  }
  #endif
  
  void
  mappingnotify(xcb_mapping_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "request: %s (%u), first_keycode: %u, "
  	    "count: %u\n", get_mapping_notify_label(e->request), e->request,
  	    e->first_keycode, e->count);
  
  	if (e->request != XCB_MAPPING_POINTER) {
  		xcb_refresh_keyboard_mapping(syms, e);
  		grabkeys();
  	}
  
  	grabbuttons();
  }
  
  void
  maprequest(xcb_map_request_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win, *w = NULL;
  	bool			dofocus;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x\n", e->window);
  
  	win = manage_window(e->window, spawn_position, true);
  	if (win == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(win->s));
  	/* The new window should get focus; prepare. */
  	if ((dofocus && !(win->quirks & SWM_Q_NOFOCUSONMAP)) ||
  	    (win->ws->cur_layout == &layouts[SWM_MAX_STACK])) {
  		if (win->quirks & SWM_Q_FOCUSONMAP_SINGLE) {
  			/* See if other wins of same type are already mapped. */
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(w, &win->ws->winlist, entry) {
  				if (w == win || !w->mapped)
  					continue;
  
  				if (w->ch.class_name &&
  				    win->ch.class_name &&
  				    strcmp(w->ch.class_name,
  				    win->ch.class_name) == 0 &&
  				    w->ch.instance_name &&
  				    win->ch.instance_name &&
  				    strcmp(w->ch.instance_name,
  				    win->ch.instance_name) == 0)
  					break;
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (w == NULL)
  			win->ws->focus_pending = get_focus_magic(win);
  	}
  
  	/* All windows need to be mapped if they are in the current workspace.*/
  	stack(win->ws->r);
  
  	focus_flush();
  out:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  motionnotify(xcb_motion_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r = NULL;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "time: %#x, win (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), "
  	    "detail: %s(%d), root (x,y): %#x (%d,%d), child: %#x, "
  	    "same_screen_focus: %s, state: %d\n", e->time, e->event, e->event_x,
  	    e->event_y, get_notify_detail_label(e->detail), e->detail, e->root,
  	    e->root_x, e->root_y, e->child, YESNO(e->same_screen), e->state);
  
  	if (focus_mode == SWM_FOCUS_MANUAL)
  		return;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		if (screens[i].root == e->root)
  			break;
  
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  		if (X(r) <= e->root_x && e->root_x < MAX_X(r) &&
  		    Y(r) <= e->root_y && e->root_y < MAX_Y(r))
  			break;
  
  	focus_region(r);
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char *
  get_atom_name(xcb_atom_t atom)
  {
  	char				*name = NULL;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG_ATOM_NAMES
  	/*
  	 * This should be disabled during most debugging since
  	 * xcb_get_* causes an xcb_flush.
  	 */
  	size_t				len;
  	xcb_get_atom_name_reply_t	*r;
  
  	r = xcb_get_atom_name_reply(conn,
  	    xcb_get_atom_name(conn, atom),
  	    NULL);
  	if (r) {
  		len = xcb_get_atom_name_name_length(r);
  		if (len > 0) {
  			name = malloc(len + 1);
  			if (name) {
  				memcpy(name, xcb_get_atom_name_name(r), len);
  				name[len] = '\0';
  			}
  		}
  		free(r);
  	}
  #else
  	(void)atom;
  #endif
  	return (name);
  }
  #endif
  
  void
  propertynotify(xcb_property_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	char			*name;
  
  	name = get_atom_name(e->atom);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, atom: %s(%u), time: %#x, state: %u\n",
  	    e->window, name, e->atom, e->time, e->state);
  	free(name);
  #endif
  	last_event_time = e->time;
  
  	win = find_window(e->window);
  	if (win == NULL)
  		return;
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  
  	if (e->atom == a_state) {
  		/* State just changed, make sure it gets focused if mapped. */
  		if (e->state == XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE) {
  			if (focus_mode != SWM_FOCUS_FOLLOW && WS_FOCUSED(ws)) {
  				if (win->mapped &&
  				    win->state == SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTED &&
  				    ws->focus_pending == win) {
  					focus_win(ws->focus_pending);
  					ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  				}
  			}
  		}
  	} else if (e->atom == XCB_ATOM_WM_CLASS ||
  	    e->atom == XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME) {
  		if (ws->r)
  			bar_draw(ws->r->bar);
  	} else if (e->atom == a_prot) {
  		get_wm_protocols(win);
  	} else if (e->atom == XCB_ATOM_WM_NORMAL_HINTS) {
  		xcb_icccm_get_wm_normal_hints_reply(conn,
  		    xcb_icccm_get_wm_normal_hints(conn, win->id),
  		    &win->sh, NULL);
  	}
  
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  void
  reparentnotify(xcb_reparent_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win	*win;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "event: %#x, win %#x, parent: %#x, "
  	    "(x,y): (%u,%u), override_redirect: %u\n", e->event, e->window,
  	    e->parent, e->x, e->y, e->override_redirect);
  
  	win = find_window(e->window);
  	if (win) {
  		if (win->state == SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTING) {
  			win->state = SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTED;
  
  			if (win->ws->r && !ICONIC(win))
  				map_window(win);
  			else
  				unmap_window(win);
  
  			update_window(win);
  			update_win_stacking(win);
  		} else if (win->state == SWM_WIN_STATE_UNPARENTING) {
  			win->state = SWM_WIN_STATE_UNPARENTED;
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  void
  unmapnotify(xcb_unmap_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	bool			dofocus;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "event: %#x, win %#x, from_configure: %u\n",
  	    e->event, e->window, e->from_configure);
  
  	/* If we aren't managing the window, then ignore. */
  	win = find_window(e->window);
  	if (win == NULL || win->id != e->window) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; unmanaged.\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	/* Do nothing if already withdrawn. */
  	if (!win->mapped && !ICONIC(win)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; withdrawn.\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	ws = win->ws;
  	win->mapped = false;
  
  	/* Ignore if reparenting-related. */
  	if (win->state != SWM_WIN_STATE_REPARENTED) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "ignore; not reparented\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	dofocus = !(pointer_follow(win->s));
  
  	/* If win was focused, make sure to focus on something else. */
  	if (win == ws->focus) {
  		if (dofocus)
  			ws->focus_pending =
  			    get_focus_magic(get_focus_other(win));
  		else if (WS_FOCUSED(ws))
  			ws->focus_pending =
  			    get_focus_magic(get_pointer_win(win->s));
  
  		unfocus_win(win);
  	}
  
  	if (ICONIC(win)) {
  		/* Iconify. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "iconify\n");
  		set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_ICONIC);
  	} else {
  		/* Withdraw. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "withdraw\n");
  		/* EWMH advises removal of _NET_WM_DESKTOP and _NET_WM_STATE. */
  		xcb_delete_property(conn, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_DESKTOP].atom);
  		xcb_delete_property(conn, win->id, ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom);
  		set_win_state(win, XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN);
  		unmanage_window(win);
  	}
  
  	stack(ws->r);
  
  	if (WS_FOCUSED(ws) && ws->focus_pending) {
  		focus_win(ws->focus_pending);
  		ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  	}
  
  	if ((dofocus && ws->focus == NULL) || TAILQ_EMPTY(&ws->winlist)) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: %#x, revert-to: "
  		    "PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n", ws->r->id);
  		xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
  		    ws->r->id, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  		bar_draw(ws->r->bar);
  	}
  
  	center_pointer(ws->r);
  	focus_flush();
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "done\n");
  }
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  char *
  get_source_type_label(uint32_t type)
  {
  	char *label;
  
  	switch (type) {
  	case EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_NONE:
  		label = "None";
  		break;
  	case EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_NORMAL:
  		label = "Normal";
  		break;
  	case EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_OTHER:
  		label = "Other";
  		break;
  	default:
  		label = "Invalid";
  	}
  
  	return (label);
  }
  #endif
  
  void
  clientmessage(xcb_client_message_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct ws_win		*win;
  	struct swm_region	*r = NULL;
  	union arg		a;
  	uint32_t		vals[4];
  	int			num_screens, i;
  	xcb_map_request_event_t	mre;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	char			*name;
  
  	name = get_atom_name(e->type);
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "win %#x, atom: %s(%u)\n", e->window, name,
  	    e->type);
  	free(name);
  #endif
  
  	if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP].atom) {
  		num_screens = get_screen_count();
  		for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  			if (screens[i].root == e->window) {
  				r = screens[i].r_focus;
  				break;
  			}
  
  		if (r && e->data.data32[0] < (uint32_t)workspace_limit) {
  			a.id = e->data.data32[0];
  			switchws(NULL, r, &a);
  			focus_flush();
  		}
  
  		return;
  	} else if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_REQUEST_FRAME_EXTENTS].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT,"set _NET_FRAME_EXTENTS on window\n");
  		vals[0] = vals[1] = vals[2] = vals[3] = border_width;
  		xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, e->window,
  		    a_net_frame_extents, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 4, vals);
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	win = find_window(e->window);
  	if (win == NULL) {
  		if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom) {
  			/* Manage the window with maprequest. */
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "focus unmanaged; mapping.\n");
  			mre.window = e->window;
  			maprequest(&mre);
  		}
  		return;
  	}
  
  	if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW, source_type: "
  		    "%s(%d), timestamp: %#x, active_window: %#x\n",
  		    get_source_type_label(e->data.data32[0]), e->data.data32[0],
  		    e->data.data32[1], e->data.data32[2]);
  
  		/*
  		 * Allow focus changes that are a result of direct user
  		 * action and from applications that use the old EWMH spec.
  		 */
  		if (e->data.data32[0] != EWMH_SOURCE_TYPE_NORMAL ||
  		    win->quirks & SWM_Q_OBEYAPPFOCUSREQ) {
  			if (WS_FOCUSED(win->ws)) {
  				if (win->mapped) {
  					focus_win(win);
  					win->ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  				} else
  					win->ws->focus_pending = win;
  			} else {
  				win->ws->focus_prev = win->ws->focus;
  				win->ws->focus = win;
  				win->ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  			}
  
  			if (ICONIC(win)) {
  				/* Uniconify */
  				ewmh_apply_flags(win,
  				    win->ewmh_flags & ~EWMH_F_HIDDEN);
  				ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  				stack(win->ws->r);
  			}
  		}
  	} else if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW\n");
  		if (win->can_delete)
  			client_msg(win, a_delete, 0);
  		else
  			xcb_kill_client(conn, win->id);
  	} else if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW\n");
  		if (ABOVE(win)) {
  			if (e->data.data32[0] & (1 << 8)) /* x */
  				X(win) = e->data.data32[1];
  			if (e->data.data32[0] & (1 << 9)) /* y */
  				Y(win) = e->data.data32[2];
  			if (e->data.data32[0] & (1 << 10)) /* width */
  				WIDTH(win) = e->data.data32[3];
  			if (e->data.data32[0] & (1 << 11)) /* height */
  				HEIGHT(win) = e->data.data32[4];
  
  			update_window(win);
  		} else {
  			/* Notify no change was made. */
  			config_win(win, NULL);
  			/* TODO: Change stack sizes */
  		}
  	} else if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_RESTACK_WINDOW].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_RESTACK_WINDOW\n");
  		vals[0] = e->data.data32[1]; /* Sibling window. */
  		vals[1] = e->data.data32[2]; /* Stack mode detail. */
  
  		if (win->frame != XCB_WINDOW_NONE)
  			xcb_configure_window(conn, win->frame,
  			    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING |
  			    XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, vals);
  	} else 	if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_WM_STATE].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_WM_STATE\n");
  		ewmh_change_wm_state(win, e->data.data32[1], e->data.data32[0]);
  		if (e->data.data32[2])
  			ewmh_change_wm_state(win, e->data.data32[2],
  			    e->data.data32[0]);
  
  		ewmh_update_wm_state(win);
  		stack(win->ws->r);
  	} else if (e->type == ewmh[_NET_WM_DESKTOP].atom) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_WM_DESKTOP, new_desktop: %d, "
  		    "source_type: %s(%d)\n", e->data.data32[0],
  		    get_source_type_label(e->data.data32[1]),
  		    e->data.data32[1]);
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "_NET_WM_DESKTOP\n");
  		r = win->ws->r;
  
  		win_to_ws(win, e->data.data32[0], SWM_WIN_UNFOCUS);
  
  		/* Stack source and destination ws, if mapped. */
  		if (r != win->ws->r) {
  			if (r)
  				stack(r);
  
  			if (win->ws->r) {
  				if (FLOATING(win))
  					load_float_geom(win);
  
  				stack(win->ws->r);
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	focus_flush();
  }
  
  int
  enable_wm(void)
  {
  	int			num_screens, i;
  	const uint32_t		val =
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_PRESS |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_RELEASE |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_LEAVE_WINDOW |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_OWNER_GRAB_BUTTON;
  	xcb_screen_t		*sc;
  	xcb_void_cookie_t	wac;
  	xcb_generic_error_t	*error;
  
  	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		if ((sc = get_screen(i)) == NULL)
  			errx(1, "ERROR: unable to get screen %d.", i);
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "screen %d, root: %#x\n", i, sc->root);
  		wac = xcb_change_window_attributes_checked(conn, sc->root,
  		    XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, &val);
  		if ((error = xcb_request_check(conn, wac))) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "error_code: %u\n",
  			    error->error_code);
  			free(error);
  			return (1);
  		}
  	}
  
  	return (0);
  }
  
  void
  new_region(struct swm_screen *s, int x, int y, int w, int h)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r = NULL, *n;
  	struct workspace	*ws = NULL;
  	int			i;
  	uint32_t		wa[1];
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "screen[%d]:%dx%d+%d+%d\n", s->idx, w, h, x, y);
  
  	/* remove any conflicting regions */
  	n = TAILQ_FIRST(&s->rl);
  	while (n) {
  		r = n;
  		n = TAILQ_NEXT(r, entry);
  		if (X(r) < (x + w) && (X(r) + WIDTH(r)) > x &&
  		    Y(r) < (y + h) && (Y(r) + HEIGHT(r)) > y) {
  			if (r->ws->r != NULL)
  				r->ws->old_r = r->ws->r;
  			r->ws->r = NULL;
  			bar_cleanup(r);
  			xcb_destroy_window(conn, r->id);
  			r->id = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  			TAILQ_REMOVE(&s->rl, r, entry);
  			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&s->orl, r, entry);
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* search old regions for one to reuse */
  
  	/* size + location match */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &s->orl, entry)
  		if (r != NULL && X(r) == x && Y(r) == y &&
  		    HEIGHT(r) == h && WIDTH(r) == w)
  			break;
  
  	/* size match */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &s->orl, entry)
  		if (r != NULL && HEIGHT(r) == h && WIDTH(r) == w)
  			break;
  
  	if (r != NULL) {
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(&s->orl, r, entry);
  		/* try to use old region's workspace */
  		if (r->ws->r == NULL)
  			ws = r->ws;
  	} else
  		if ((r = calloc(1, sizeof(struct swm_region))) == NULL)
  			err(1, "new_region: calloc: failed to allocate memory "
  			    "for screen");
  
  	/* if we don't have a workspace already, find one */
  	if (ws == NULL) {
  		for (i = 0; i < workspace_limit; i++)
  			if (s->ws[i].r == NULL) {
  				ws = &s->ws[i];
  				break;
  			}
  	}
  
  	if (ws == NULL)
  		errx(1, "new_region: no free workspaces");
  
  	if (ws->state == SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN)
  		ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPING;
  
  	X(r) = x;
  	Y(r) = y;
  	WIDTH(r) = w;
  	HEIGHT(r) = h;
  	r->bar = NULL;
  	r->s = s;
  	r->ws = ws;
  	r->ws_prior = NULL;
  	ws->r = r;
  	outputs++;
  	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&s->rl, r, entry);
  
  	/* Invisible region window to detect pointer events on empty regions. */
  	r->id = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  	wa[0] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION |
  	    XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION_HINT;
  
  	/* Depth of InputOnly always 0. */
  	xcb_create_window(conn, 0, r->id, r->s->root, X(r), Y(r), WIDTH(r),
  	    HEIGHT(r), 0, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_ONLY, r->s->visual,
  	    XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, wa);
  
  	/* Make sure region input is at the bottom. */
  	wa[0] = XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW;
  	xcb_configure_window(conn, r->id, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, wa);
  
  	xcb_map_window(conn, r->id);
  }
  
  void
  scan_randr(int idx)
  {
  #ifdef SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC
  	int						i, j;
  	int						ncrtc = 0, nmodes = 0;
  	xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_cookie_t	src;
  	xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_reply_t	*srr;
  	xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_cookie_t		cic;
  	xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_reply_t			*cir = NULL;
  	xcb_randr_crtc_t				*crtc;
  	xcb_randr_mode_info_t				*mode;
  	int						minrate, currate;
  #endif /* SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC */
  	struct swm_region				*r;
  	int						num_screens;
  	xcb_screen_t					*screen;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "screen: %d\n", idx);
  
  	if ((screen = get_screen(idx)) == NULL)
  		errx(1, "ERROR: unable to get screen %d.", idx);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	if (idx >= num_screens)
  		errx(1, "scan_randr: invalid screen");
  
  	/* remove any old regions */
  	while ((r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[idx].rl)) != NULL) {
  		r->ws->old_r = r->ws->r = NULL;
  		bar_cleanup(r);
  		xcb_destroy_window(conn, r->id);
  		r->id = XCB_WINDOW_NONE;
  		TAILQ_REMOVE(&screens[idx].rl, r, entry);
  		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&screens[idx].orl, r, entry);
  	}
  	outputs = 0;
  
  	/* map virtual screens onto physical screens */
  #ifdef SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC
  	if (randr_support) {
  		src = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current(conn,
  		    screens[idx].root);
  		srr = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_reply(conn, src,
  		    NULL);
  		if (srr == NULL) {
  			new_region(&screens[idx], 0, 0,
  			    screen->width_in_pixels,
  			    screen->height_in_pixels);
  			goto out;
  		} else {
  			ncrtc = srr->num_crtcs;
  			nmodes = srr->num_modes;
  		}
  
  		minrate = -1;
  		mode = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_modes(srr);
  		crtc = xcb_randr_get_screen_resources_current_crtcs(srr);
  		for (i = 0; i < ncrtc; i++) {
  			currate = SWM_RATE_DEFAULT;
  			cic = xcb_randr_get_crtc_info(conn, crtc[i],
  			    XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  			cir = xcb_randr_get_crtc_info_reply(conn, cic, NULL);
  			if (cir == NULL)
  				continue;
  			if (cir->num_outputs == 0) {
  				free(cir);
  				continue;
  			}
  
  			if (cir->mode == 0) {
  				new_region(&screens[idx], 0, 0,
  				    screen->width_in_pixels,
  				    screen->height_in_pixels);
  			} else {
  				new_region(&screens[idx],
  				    cir->x, cir->y, cir->width, cir->height);
  
  				/* Determine the crtc refresh rate. */
  				for (j = 0; j < nmodes; j++) {
  					if (mode[j].id == cir->mode) {
  						if (mode[j].htotal &&
  						    mode[j].vtotal)
  							currate =
  							    mode[j].dot_clock /
  							    (mode[j].htotal *
  							     mode[j].vtotal);
  						break;
  					}
  				}
  
  				if (minrate == -1 || currate < minrate)
  					minrate = currate;
  			}
  			free(cir);
  		}
  		free(srr);
  
  		screens[idx].rate = (minrate > 0) ? minrate : SWM_RATE_DEFAULT;
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "Screen %d update rate: %d\n",
  		    idx, screens[idx].rate);
  	}
  #endif /* SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC */
  
  	/* If detection failed, create a single region that spans the screen. */
  	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&screens[idx].rl))
  		new_region(&screens[idx], 0, 0, screen->width_in_pixels,
  		    screen->height_in_pixels);
  
  #ifdef SWM_XRR_HAS_CRTC
  out:
  #endif
  	/* The screen shouldn't focus on unused regions. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[idx].orl, entry) {
  		if (screens[idx].r_focus == r)
  			screens[idx].r_focus = NULL;
  	}
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "done.\n");
  }
  
  void
  screenchange(xcb_randr_screen_change_notify_event_t *e)
  {
  	struct swm_region		*r;
  	struct workspace		*ws;
  	struct ws_win			*win;
  	int				i, j, num_screens;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "root: %#x\n", e->root);
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	/* silly event doesn't include the screen index */
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		if (screens[i].root == e->root)
  			break;
  	if (i >= num_screens)
  		errx(1, "screenchange: screen not found.");
  
  	/* brute force for now, just re-enumerate the regions */
  	scan_randr(i);
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	print_win_geom(e->root);
  #endif
  	/* add bars to all regions */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  		bar_setup(r);
  
  	/* Stack all regions. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  		stack(r);
  
  	/* Focus region. */
  	if (screens[i].r_focus) {
  		/* Update bar colors for existing focus. */
  		r = screens[i].r_focus;
  		screens[i].r_focus = NULL;
  		set_region(r);
  	} else {
  		/* Focus on the first region. */
  		r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[i].rl);
  		if (r)
  			focus_region(r);
  	}
  
  	/* Cleanup unused previously visible workspaces. */
  	for (j = 0; j < workspace_limit; j++) {
  		ws = &screens[i].ws[j];
  		if (ws->r == NULL && ws->state != SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN) {
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(win, &ws->winlist, entry)
  				unmap_window(win);
  			ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN;
  		}
  	}
  
  	focus_flush();
  
  	/* Update workspace state and bar on all regions. */
  	TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
  		r->ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPED;
  		bar_draw(r->bar);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  grab_windows(void)
  {
  	struct swm_region		*r = NULL;
  	xcb_query_tree_cookie_t		qtc;
  	xcb_query_tree_reply_t		*qtr;
  	xcb_get_property_cookie_t	pc;
  	xcb_get_property_reply_t	*pr;
  	xcb_window_t			*wins = NULL, trans, *cwins = NULL;
  	int				i, j, k, n, no, num_screens;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "begin\n");
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		qtc = xcb_query_tree(conn, screens[i].root);
  		qtr = xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, qtc, NULL);
  		if (qtr == NULL)
  			continue;
  		wins = xcb_query_tree_children(qtr);
  		no = xcb_query_tree_children_length(qtr);
  
  		/* Try to sort windows according to _NET_CLIENT_LIST. */
  		pr = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, xcb_get_property(conn, 0,
  		    screens[i].root, ewmh[_NET_CLIENT_LIST].atom,
  		    XCB_ATOM_WINDOW, 0, UINT32_MAX), NULL);
  		if (pr != NULL) {
  			cwins = xcb_get_property_value(pr);
  			n = xcb_get_property_value_length(pr) /
  			    sizeof(xcb_atom_t);
  
  			for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
  				for (k = j; k < no; ++k) {
  					if (wins[k] == cwins[j]) {
  						/* Swap wins j and k. */
  						wins[k] = wins[j];
  						wins[j] = cwins[j];
  					}
  				}
  			}
  
  			free(pr);
  		}
  
  		/* Manage top-level windows first, then transients. */
  		/* TODO: allow transients to be managed before leader. */
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "grab top-level windows.\n");
  		for (j = 0; j < no; j++) {
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
  				if (r->id == wins[j]) {
  					DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "skip %#x; region "
  					    "input window.\n", wins[j]);
  					break;
  				} else if (r->bar->id == wins[j]) {
  					DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "skip %#x; "
  					    "region bar.\n", wins[j]);
  					break;
  				}
  			}
  
  			if (r)
  				continue;
  
  			pc = xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for(conn, wins[j]);
  			if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply(conn, pc,
  			    &trans, NULL)) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "skip %#x; transient for "
  				    "%#x\n", wins[j], trans);
  				continue;
  			}
  
  			manage_window(wins[j], SWM_STACK_TOP, false);
  		}
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "grab transient windows\n");
  		for (j = 0; j < no; j++) {
  			pc = xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for(conn, wins[j]);
  			if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_transient_for_reply(conn, pc,
  			    &trans, NULL))
  				manage_window(wins[j], SWM_STACK_TOP, false);
  		}
  		free(qtr);
  	}
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  setup_screens(void)
  {
  	struct workspace		*ws;
  	xcb_pixmap_t			pxmap;
  	xcb_depth_iterator_t		diter;
  	xcb_visualtype_iterator_t	viter;
  	xcb_void_cookie_t		cmc;
  	xcb_generic_error_t		*error;
  	XVisualInfo			vtmpl, *vlist;
  	int				i, j, k, num_screens, vcount;
  	uint32_t			wa[1];
  	xcb_screen_t			*screen;
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	if ((screens = calloc(num_screens, sizeof(struct swm_screen))) == NULL)
  		err(1, "setup_screens: calloc: failed to allocate memory for "
  		    "screens");
  
  	wa[0] = cursors[XC_LEFT_PTR].cid;
  
  	/* map physical screens */
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++) {
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_WS, "init screen: %d\n", i);
  		screens[i].idx = i;
  		screens[i].r_focus = NULL;
  
  		TAILQ_INIT(&screens[i].rl);
  		TAILQ_INIT(&screens[i].orl);
  		if ((screen = get_screen(i)) == NULL)
  			errx(1, "ERROR: unable to get screen %d.", i);
  		screens[i].rate = SWM_RATE_DEFAULT;
  		screens[i].root = screen->root;
  		screens[i].depth = screen->root_depth;
  		screens[i].visual = screen->root_visual;
  		screens[i].colormap = screen->default_colormap;
  		screens[i].xvisual = DefaultVisual(display, i);
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "root_depth: %d, screen_depth: %d\n",
  		    screen->root_depth, xcb_aux_get_depth(conn, screen));
  
  		/* Use the maximum supported screen depth. */
  		for (diter = xcb_screen_allowed_depths_iterator(screen);
  		    diter.rem; xcb_depth_next(&diter)) {
  			if (diter.data->depth > screens[i].depth) {
  				viter = xcb_depth_visuals_iterator(diter.data);
  				if (viter.rem) {
  					screens[i].depth = diter.data->depth;
  					screens[i].visual =
  					    viter.data->visual_id;
  					DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "Found visual %#x,"
  					    " depth: %d.\n", screens[i].visual,
  					    screens[i].depth);
  				}
  			}
  		}
  
  		/* Create a new colormap if not using the root visual */
  		if (screens[i].visual != screen->root_visual) {
  			/* Find the corresponding Xlib visual struct for Xft. */
  			vtmpl.visualid = screens[i].visual;
  			vlist = XGetVisualInfo(display, VisualIDMask, &vtmpl,
  			    &vcount);
  			if (vcount > 0)
  				screens[i].xvisual = vlist[0].visual;
  
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "Creating new colormap.\n");
  			screens[i].colormap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  			cmc = xcb_create_colormap_checked(conn,
  			    XCB_COLORMAP_ALLOC_NONE, screens[i].colormap,
  			    screens[i].root, screens[i].visual);
  			if ((error = xcb_request_check(conn, cmc))) {
  				DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "error:\n");
  				event_error(error);
  				free(error);
  			}
  		}
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "Using visual %#x, depth: %d.\n",
  		    screens[i].visual, xcb_aux_get_depth_of_visual(screen,
  		    screens[i].visual));
  
  		/* set default colors */
  		setscreencolor("red", i, SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS);
  		setscreencolor("red", i, SWM_S_COLOR_FOCUS_MAXIMIZED);
  		setscreencolor("rgb:88/88/88", i, SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS);
  		setscreencolor("rgb:88/88/88", i,
  		    SWM_S_COLOR_UNFOCUS_MAXIMIZED);
  		setscreencolor("rgb:00/80/80", i, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER);
  		setscreencolor("rgb:00/40/40", i,
  		    SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_BORDER_UNFOCUS);
  		setscreencolor("black", i, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR);
  		setscreencolor("rgb:00/80/80", i, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_SELECTED);
  		setscreencolor("rgb:a0/a0/a0", i, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT);
  		setscreencolor("black", i, SWM_S_COLOR_BAR_FONT_SELECTED);
  
  		/* set default cursor */
  		xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, screens[i].root,
  		    XCB_CW_CURSOR, wa);
  
  		/* Create graphics context. */
  
  		/* xcb_create_gc determines root/depth from a drawable. */
  		pxmap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  		xcb_create_pixmap(conn, screens[i].depth, pxmap,
  		    screens[i].root, 10, 10);
  
  		screens[i].gc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
  		wa[0] = 0;
  		xcb_create_gc(conn, screens[i].gc, pxmap,
  		    XCB_GC_GRAPHICS_EXPOSURES, wa);
  		xcb_free_pixmap(conn, pxmap);
  
  		/* init all workspaces */
  		/* XXX these should be dynamically allocated too */
  		for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; j++) {
  			ws = &screens[i].ws[j];
  			ws->idx = j;
  			ws->name = NULL;
  			ws->bar_enabled = true;
  			ws->focus = NULL;
  			ws->focus_prev = NULL;
  			ws->focus_pending = NULL;
  			ws->focus_raise = NULL;
  			ws->r = NULL;
  			ws->old_r = NULL;
  			ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_HIDDEN;
  			TAILQ_INIT(&ws->stack);
  			TAILQ_INIT(&ws->winlist);
  
  			for (k = 0; layouts[k].l_stack != NULL; k++)
  				if (layouts[k].l_config != NULL)
  					layouts[k].l_config(ws,
  					    SWM_ARG_ID_STACKINIT);
  			ws->cur_layout = &layouts[0];
  			ws->cur_layout->l_string(ws);
  		}
  
  		scan_randr(i);
  
  		if (randr_support)
  			xcb_randr_select_input(conn, screens[i].root,
  			    XCB_RANDR_NOTIFY_MASK_SCREEN_CHANGE);
  	}
  }
  
  void
  setup_extensions(void)
  {
  	const xcb_query_extension_reply_t	*qep;
  	xcb_randr_query_version_reply_t		*rqvr;
  #ifdef SWM_XCB_HAS_XINPUT
  	xcb_input_xi_query_version_reply_t	*xiqvr;
  #endif
  
  	randr_support = false;
  	qep = xcb_get_extension_data(conn, &xcb_randr_id);
  	if (qep->present) {
  		rqvr = xcb_randr_query_version_reply(conn,
  		    xcb_randr_query_version(conn, 1, 1), NULL);
  		if (rqvr) {
  			if (rqvr->major_version >= 1) {
  				randr_support = true;
  				randr_eventbase = qep->first_event;
  			}
  			free(rqvr);
  		}
  	}
  
  #ifdef SWM_XCB_HAS_XINPUT
  	xinput2_support = false;
  	qep = xcb_get_extension_data(conn, &xcb_input_id);
  	if (qep->present) {
  		xiqvr = xcb_input_xi_query_version_reply(conn,
  		    xcb_input_xi_query_version(conn, 2, 0), NULL);
  		if (xiqvr) {
  			if (xiqvr->major_version >= 2)
  				xinput2_support = true;
  			free(xiqvr);
  		}
  	}
  #endif
  }
  
  void
  setup_globals(void)
  {
  	if ((bar_fonts = strdup(SWM_BAR_FONTS)) == NULL)
  		err(1, "bar_fonts: strdup");
  
  	if ((clock_format = strdup("%a %b %d %R %Z %Y")) == NULL)
  		err(1, "clock_format: strdup");
  
  	if ((stack_mark_max = strdup("[ ]")) == NULL)
  		err(1, "stack_mark_max: strdup");
  
  	if ((stack_mark_vertical = strdup("[|]")) == NULL)
  		err(1, "stack_mark_vertical: strdup");
  
  	if ((stack_mark_vertical_flip = strdup("[>]")) == NULL)
  		err(1, "stack_mark_vertical_flip: strdup");
  
  	if ((stack_mark_horizontal = strdup("[-]")) == NULL)
  		err(1, "stack_mark_horizontal: strdup");
  
  	if ((stack_mark_horizontal_flip = strdup("[v]")) == NULL)
  		err(1, "stack_mark_horizontal_flip: strdup");
  
  	if ((syms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(conn)) == NULL)
  		errx(1, "unable to allocate key symbols.");
    if ((workspace_mark_current = strdup ("*")) == NULL)
        err(1, "workspace_mark_current: strdup");
    if ((workspace_mark_urgent = strdup ("!")) == NULL)
        err(1, "workspace_mark_urgent: strdup");
    if ((workspace_mark_active = strdup ("^")) == NULL)
        err(1, "workspace_mark_active: strdup");
    if ((workspace_mark_empty = strdup ("-")) == NULL)
        err(1, "workspace_mark_empty: strdup");
  
  	a_state = get_atom_from_string("WM_STATE");
  	a_prot = get_atom_from_string("WM_PROTOCOLS");
  	a_delete = get_atom_from_string("WM_DELETE_WINDOW");
  	a_net_frame_extents = get_atom_from_string("_NET_FRAME_EXTENTS");
  	a_net_supported = get_atom_from_string("_NET_SUPPORTED");
  	a_net_wm_check = get_atom_from_string("_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK");
  	a_takefocus = get_atom_from_string("WM_TAKE_FOCUS");
  	a_utf8_string = get_atom_from_string("UTF8_STRING");
  	a_swm_ws = get_atom_from_string("_SWM_WS");
  }
  
  void
  scan_config(void)
  {
  	struct stat		sb;
  	struct passwd		*pwd;
  	char			conf[PATH_MAX];
  	char			*cfile = NULL, *str = NULL, *ret, *s;
  	int			i;
  
  	/* To get $HOME */
  	pwd = getpwuid(getuid());
  	if (pwd == NULL)
  		errx(1, "invalid user: %d", getuid());
  
  	/* XDG search with backwards compatibility. */
  	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
  		conf[0] = '\0';
  		switch (i) {
  		case 0:
  			/* 1) $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/spectrwm/spectrwm.conf */
  			ret = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
  			if (ret && ret[0])
  				snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/spectrwm/%s",
  				    ret, SWM_CONF_FILE);
  			else
  				/* 2) Default is $HOME/.config */
  				snprintf(conf, sizeof conf,
  				    "%s/.config/spectrwm/%s", pwd->pw_dir,
  				    SWM_CONF_FILE);
  			break;
  		case 1:
  			/* 3) $HOME/.spectrwm.conf */
  			snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/.%s", pwd->pw_dir,
  			    SWM_CONF_FILE);
  			break;
  		case 2:
  			/* 4) $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS (colon-separated set of dirs) */
  			ret = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS");
  			if (ret && ret[0]) {
  				if ((str = strdup(ret)) == NULL)
  					err(1, "xdg strdup");
  			} else {
  				/* 5) Fallback to default: /etc/xdg */
  				if (asprintf(&str, "/etc/xdg") == -1)
  					err(1, "xdg asprintf");
  			}
  
  			/* Try ./spectrwm/spectrwm.conf under each dir. */
  			while ((s = strsep(&str, ":")) != NULL) {
  				if (*s == '\0')
  					continue;
  				snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/spectrwm/%s", s,
  				    SWM_CONF_FILE);
  				if (stat(conf, &sb) != -1 &&
  				    S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
  					/* Found a file. */
  					cfile = conf;
  					break;
  				}
  				conf[0] = '\0';
  			}
  			free(str);
  			break;
  		case 3:
  			/* 6) /etc/spectrwm.conf */
  			snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "/etc/%s", SWM_CONF_FILE);
  			break;
  		case 4:
  			/* 7) $HOME/.scrotwm.conf */
  			snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "%s/.%s", pwd->pw_dir,
  			    SWM_CONF_FILE_OLD);
  			break;
  		case 5:
  			/* 8) /etc/scrotwm.conf */
  			snprintf(conf, sizeof conf, "/etc/%s",
  			    SWM_CONF_FILE_OLD);
  			break;
  		default:
  			goto done;
  		}
  
  		if (cfile == NULL && conf[0] && stat(conf, &sb) != -1 &&
  		    S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
  			cfile = conf;
  
  		if (cfile) {
  			conf_load(cfile, SWM_CONF_DEFAULT);
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  done:
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_INIT, "done\n");
  }
  
  void
  shutdown_cleanup(void)
  {
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	struct ws_win		*w;
  	struct workspace	*ws;
  	int			i, num_screens;
  
  	/* disable alarm because the following code may not be interrupted */
  	alarm(0);
  	if (signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR)
  		err(1, "can't disable alarm");
  
  	bar_extra_stop();
  	unmap_all();
  
  	cursors_cleanup();
  
  	clear_quirks();
  	clear_spawns();
  	clear_bindings();
  
  	teardown_ewmh();
  
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; ++i) {
  		int j;
  
  		DNPRINTF(SWM_D_FOCUS, "SetInputFocus: PointerRoot, revert-to: "
  		    "PointerRoot, time: CurrentTime\n");
  		xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT,
  		    XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
  
  		if (screens[i].gc != XCB_NONE)
  			xcb_free_gc(conn, screens[i].gc);
  		if (!bar_font_legacy) {
  			XftColorFree(display, screens[i].xvisual,
  			    screens[i].colormap, &search_font_color);
  			for (j = 0; j < num_fg_colors; j++)
  				XftColorFree(display, screens[i].xvisual,
  				    screens[i].colormap, &bar_fg_colors[j]);
  		}
  
  		for (j = 0; j < SWM_S_COLOR_MAX; ++j) {
  			free(screens[i].c[j].name);
  		}
  
  		/* Free window memory. */
  		for (j = 0; j < SWM_WS_MAX; ++j) {
  			ws = &screens[i].ws[j];
  			free(ws->name);
  
  			while ((w = TAILQ_FIRST(&ws->winlist)) != NULL) {
  				TAILQ_REMOVE(&ws->winlist, w, entry);
  				free_window(w);
  			}
  		}
  
  		/* Free region memory. */
  		while ((r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[i].rl)) != NULL) {
  			TAILQ_REMOVE(&screens[i].rl, r, entry);
  			free(r->bar);
  			free(r);
  		}
  
  		while ((r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[i].orl)) != NULL) {
  			TAILQ_REMOVE(&screens[i].rl, r, entry);
  			free(r->bar);
  			free(r);
  		}
  	}
  	free(screens);
  
  	free(bar_format);
  	free(bar_fonts);
  	free(clock_format);
  	free(startup_exception);
  	free(stack_mark_max);
  	free(stack_mark_vertical);
  	free(stack_mark_vertical_flip);
  	free(stack_mark_horizontal);
  	free(stack_mark_horizontal_flip);
  	free(workspace_mark_current);
  	free(workspace_mark_urgent);
  	free(workspace_mark_active);
  	free(workspace_mark_empty);
  
  	if (bar_fs)
  		XFreeFontSet(display, bar_fs);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < num_xftfonts; i++)
  		if (bar_xftfonts[i])
  			XftFontClose(display, bar_xftfonts[i]);
  
  	if (font_pua_index)
  		 XftFontClose(display, bar_xftfonts[font_pua_index]);
  
  	xcb_key_symbols_free(syms);
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  	xcb_aux_sync(conn);
  	xcb_disconnect(conn);
  }
  
  void
  event_error(xcb_generic_error_t *e)
  {
  	(void)e;
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "%s(%u) from %s(%u), sequence: %u, "
  	    "resource_id: %u, minor_code: %u\n",
  	    xcb_event_get_error_label(e->error_code), e->error_code,
  	    xcb_event_get_request_label(e->major_code), e->major_code,
  	    e->sequence, e->resource_id, e->minor_code);
  }
  
  void
  event_handle(xcb_generic_event_t *evt)
  {
  	uint8_t			type = XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt);
  
  	DNPRINTF(SWM_D_EVENT, "%s(%d), seq %u, sent: %s\n",
  	    xcb_event_get_label(XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt)),
  	    XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt), evt->sequence,
  	    YESNO(XCB_EVENT_SENT(evt)));
  
  	switch (type) {
  #define EVENT(type, callback) case type: callback((void *)evt); return
  	EVENT(0, event_error);
  	EVENT(XCB_BUTTON_PRESS, buttonpress);
  	EVENT(XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE, buttonrelease);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_CIRCULATE_NOTIFY, );*/
  	/*EVENT(XCB_CIRCULATE_REQUEST, );*/
  	EVENT(XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE, clientmessage);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_COLORMAP_NOTIFY, );*/
  	EVENT(XCB_CONFIGURE_NOTIFY, configurenotify);
  	EVENT(XCB_CONFIGURE_REQUEST, configurerequest);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_CREATE_NOTIFY, );*/
  	EVENT(XCB_DESTROY_NOTIFY, destroynotify);
  	EVENT(XCB_ENTER_NOTIFY, enternotify);
  	EVENT(XCB_EXPOSE, expose);
  	EVENT(XCB_FOCUS_IN, focusin);
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	EVENT(XCB_FOCUS_OUT, focusout);
  #endif
  	/*EVENT(XCB_GRAPHICS_EXPOSURE, );*/
  	/*EVENT(XCB_GRAVITY_NOTIFY, );*/
  	EVENT(XCB_KEY_PRESS, keypress);
  	EVENT(XCB_KEY_RELEASE, keyrelease);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_KEYMAP_NOTIFY, );*/
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	EVENT(XCB_LEAVE_NOTIFY, leavenotify);
  #endif
  	EVENT(XCB_MAP_NOTIFY, mapnotify);
  	EVENT(XCB_MAP_REQUEST, maprequest);
  	EVENT(XCB_MAPPING_NOTIFY, mappingnotify);
  	EVENT(XCB_MOTION_NOTIFY, motionnotify);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_NO_EXPOSURE, );*/
  	EVENT(XCB_PROPERTY_NOTIFY, propertynotify);
  	EVENT(XCB_REPARENT_NOTIFY, reparentnotify);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_RESIZE_REQUEST, );*/
  	/*EVENT(XCB_SELECTION_CLEAR, );*/
  	/*EVENT(XCB_SELECTION_NOTIFY, );*/
  	/*EVENT(XCB_SELECTION_REQUEST, );*/
  	EVENT(XCB_UNMAP_NOTIFY, unmapnotify);
  	/*EVENT(XCB_VISIBILITY_NOTIFY, );*/
  #undef EVENT
  	}
  	if (randr_support &&
  	    (type - randr_eventbase) == XCB_RANDR_SCREEN_CHANGE_NOTIFY)
  		screenchange((void *)evt);
  }
  
  static void
  usage(void)
  {
  	fprintf(stderr,
  	    "usage: spectrwm [-c file] [-v]\n"
  	    "        -c FILE        load configuration file\n"
  	    "        -v             display version information and exit\n");
  	exit(1);
  }
  
  int
  main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	struct pollfd		pfd[2];
  	struct sigaction	sact;
  	struct swm_region	*r;
  	xcb_generic_event_t	*evt;
  	xcb_mapping_notify_event_t *mne;
  	char			*cfile = NULL;
  	int			ch, xfd, i, num_screens, num_readable;
  	bool			stdin_ready = false, startup = true;
  
  	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "c:hv")) != -1) {
  		switch (ch) {
  		case 'c':
  			cfile = optarg;
  			break;
  		case 'v':
  			fprintf(stderr, "spectrwm %s Build: %s\n",
  			    SPECTRWM_VERSION, buildstr);
  			exit(1);
  			break;
  		default:
  			usage();
  		}
  	}
  
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  	time_started = time(NULL);
  #endif
  
  	start_argv = argv;
  	warnx("Welcome to spectrwm V%s Build: %s", SPECTRWM_VERSION, buildstr);
  	if (setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") == NULL || setlocale(LC_TIME, "") == NULL)
  		warnx("no locale support");
  
  	if (pledge("stdio proc exec rpath getpw dns inet unix", NULL) == -1)
  		err(1, "pledge");
  
  	/* handle some signals */
  	bzero(&sact, sizeof(sact));
  	sigemptyset(&sact.sa_mask);
  	sact.sa_flags = 0;
  	sact.sa_handler = sighdlr;
  	sigaction(SIGINT, &sact, NULL);
  	sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sact, NULL);
  	sigaction(SIGTERM, &sact, NULL);
  	sigaction(SIGHUP, &sact, NULL);
  
  	sact.sa_handler = sighdlr;
  	sact.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP;
  	sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sact, NULL);
  
  	if ((display = XOpenDisplay(0)) == NULL)
  		errx(1, "unable to open display");
  
  	if (pledge("stdio proc exec rpath getpw", NULL) == -1)
  		err(1, "pledge");
  
  	conn = XGetXCBConnection(display);
  	if (xcb_connection_has_error(conn))
  		errx(1, "unable to get XCB connection");
  
  	XSetEventQueueOwner(display, XCBOwnsEventQueue);
  
  	xcb_prefetch_extension_data(conn, &xcb_randr_id);
  	xfd = xcb_get_file_descriptor(conn);
  
  	xcb_grab_server(conn);
  	xcb_aux_sync(conn);
  
  	/* Flush the event queue. */
  	while ((evt = get_next_event(false))) {
  		switch (XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(evt)) {
  		case XCB_MAPPING_NOTIFY:
  			/* Need to handle mapping changes during startup. */
  			mne = (xcb_mapping_notify_event_t *)evt;
  			if (mne->request == XCB_MAPPING_KEYBOARD)
  				xcb_refresh_keyboard_mapping(syms, mne);
  			break;
  #ifdef SWM_DEBUG
  		case 0:
  			/* Display errors. */
  			event_handle(evt);
  			break;
  #endif
  		}
  		free(evt);
  	}
  
  	if (enable_wm())
  		errx(1, "another window manager is currently running");
  
  	cursors_load();
  
  	xcb_aux_sync(conn);
  
  	setup_globals();
  	setup_extensions();
  	setup_screens();
  	setup_ewmh();
  	setup_keybindings();
  	setup_btnbindings();
  	setup_quirks();
  	setup_spawn();
  
  	if (cfile)
  		conf_load(cfile, SWM_CONF_DEFAULT);
  	else
  		scan_config();
  
  	if (pledge("stdio proc exec rpath", NULL) == -1)
  		err(1, "pledge");
  
  	validate_spawns();
  
  	if (getenv("SWM_STARTED") == NULL)
  		setenv("SWM_STARTED", "YES", 1);
  
  	/* setup all bars */
  	num_screens = get_screen_count();
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			bar_setup(r);
  
  	/* Manage existing windows. */
  	grab_windows();
  
  	grabkeys();
  	grabbuttons();
  
  	/* Stack all regions to trigger mapping. */
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  			stack(r);
  
  	xcb_ungrab_server(conn);
  	xcb_flush(conn);
  
  	/* Update state and bar of each newly mapped workspace. */
  	for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  		TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry) {
  			r->ws->state = SWM_WS_STATE_MAPPED;
  			bar_draw(r->bar);
  		}
  
  	memset(&pfd, 0, sizeof(pfd));
  	pfd[0].fd = xfd;
  	pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
  	pfd[1].fd = STDIN_FILENO;
  	pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
  
  	while (running) {
  		while ((evt = get_next_event(false))) {
  			if (!running)
  				goto done;
  			event_handle(evt);
  			free(evt);
  		}
  
  		/* If just (re)started, set default focus if needed. */
  		if (startup) {
  			startup = false;
  
  			if (focus_mode == SWM_FOCUS_FOLLOW)
  				r = root_to_region(screens[0].root,
  				    SWM_CK_POINTER);
  			else
  				r = TAILQ_FIRST(&screens[0].rl);
  
  			if (r) {
  				focus_region(r);
  				focus_flush();
  				continue;
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (search_resp)
  			search_do_resp();
  
  		num_readable = poll(pfd, bar_extra ? 2 : 1, 1000);
  		if (num_readable == -1) {
  			DNPRINTF(SWM_D_MISC, "poll failed: %s",
  			    strerror(errno));
  		} else if (num_readable > 0 && bar_extra &&
  		    pfd[1].revents & POLLIN) {
  			stdin_ready = true;
  		}
  
  		if (restart_wm)
  			restart(NULL, NULL, NULL);
  
  		if (!running)
  			goto done;
  
  		if (stdin_ready) {
  			stdin_ready = false;
  			bar_extra_update();
  		}
  
  		/* Need to ensure the bar(s) are always updated. */
  		for (i = 0; i < num_screens; i++)
  			TAILQ_FOREACH(r, &screens[i].rl, entry)
  				bar_draw(r->bar);
  
  		xcb_flush(conn);
  	}
  done:
  	if (pledge("stdio proc", NULL) == -1)
  		err(1, "pledge");
  
  	shutdown_cleanup();
  
  	return (0);
  }
  