text: /*
   * fdbJNI.cpp
   *
   * This source file is part of the FoundationDB open source project
   *
   * Copyright 2013-2018 Apple Inc. and the FoundationDB project authors
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  #include <jni.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  #define FDB_API_VERSION 630
  
  #include <foundationdb/fdb_c.h>
  
  #define JNI_NULL nullptr 
  
  #if defined(__GNUG__)
  #undef JNIEXPORT
  #define JNIEXPORT __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
  #endif
  
  static JavaVM* g_jvm = nullptr; 
  static thread_local JNIEnv* g_thread_jenv = nullptr;  // Defined for the network thread once it is running, and for any thread that has called registerCallback
  static thread_local jmethodID g_IFutureCallback_call_methodID = JNI_NULL;
  static thread_local bool is_external = false;
  
  void detachIfExternalThread(void *ignore) {
  	if(is_external && g_thread_jenv != nullptr) {
  		g_thread_jenv = nullptr;
  		g_IFutureCallback_call_methodID = JNI_NULL;
  		g_jvm->DetachCurrentThread();
  	}
  }
  
  void throwOutOfMem(JNIEnv *jenv) {
  	const char *className = "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError";
  	jclass illegalArgClass = jenv->FindClass( className );
  
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return;
  
  	if( jenv->ThrowNew( illegalArgClass, nullptr ) != 0 ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() ) {
  			jenv->FatalError("Could not throw OutOfMemoryError");
  		} else {
  			// This means that an exception is pending. We do not know what it is, but are sure
  			//  that control flow will include throwing that exception into the calling Java code.
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  static jthrowable getThrowable(JNIEnv *jenv, fdb_error_t e, const char* msg = nullptr) {
  	jclass excepClass = jenv->FindClass("com/apple/foundationdb/FDBException");
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	jmethodID excepCtor = jenv->GetMethodID(excepClass, "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)V");
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	const char *fdb_message = msg ? msg : fdb_get_error(e);
  	jstring m = jenv->NewStringUTF(fdb_message);
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	jthrowable t = (jthrowable)jenv->NewObject(excepClass, excepCtor, m, e);
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	return t;
  }
  
  void throwNamedException(JNIEnv *jenv, const char *class_full_name, const char* message ) {
  	jclass exceptionClass = jenv->FindClass( class_full_name );
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return;
  
  	if( jenv->ThrowNew( exceptionClass, message ) != 0 ) {
  		if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  			return;
  		jenv->FatalError("FDB: Error throwing exception");
  	}
  }
  
  void throwRuntimeEx(JNIEnv *jenv, const char* message) {
  	throwNamedException( jenv, "java/lang/RuntimeException", message );
  }
  
  void throwParamNotNull(JNIEnv *jenv) {
  	throwNamedException( jenv, "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException", "Argument cannot be null" );
  }
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  extern "C" {
  #endif
  
  // If the methods are not found, exceptions are thrown and this will return false.
  //  Returns TRUE on success, false otherwise.
  static bool findCallbackMethods(JNIEnv *jenv) {
  	jclass cls = jenv->FindClass("java/lang/Runnable");
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return false;
  
  	g_IFutureCallback_call_methodID = jenv->GetMethodID(cls, "run", "()V");
  	if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred())
  		return false;
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static void callCallback( FDBFuture* f, void* data ) {
  	if (g_thread_jenv == nullptr) {
  		// We are on an external thread and must attach to the JVM.
  		// The shutdown hook will later detach this thread.
  		is_external = true;
  		if( g_jvm != nullptr && g_jvm->AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon((void **) &g_thread_jenv, nullptr) == JNI_OK ) {
  			if( !findCallbackMethods( g_thread_jenv ) ) {
  				g_thread_jenv->FatalError("FDB: Could not find callback method.\n");
  			}
  		} else {
  			// Can't call FatalError, because we don't have a pointer to the jenv...
  			// There will be a segmentation fault from the attempt to call the callback method.
  			fprintf(stderr, "FDB: Could not attach external client thread to the JVM as daemon.\n");
  		}
  	}
  
  	jobject callback = (jobject)data;
  	g_thread_jenv->CallVoidMethod( callback, g_IFutureCallback_call_methodID );
  	g_thread_jenv->DeleteGlobalRef(callback);
  }
  
  // Attempts to throw 't', attempts to shut down the JVM if this fails.
  void safeThrow( JNIEnv *jenv, jthrowable t ) {
  	if( jenv->Throw( t ) != 0 ) {
  		jenv->FatalError("FDB: Unable to throw exception");
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1registerCallback(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject cls, jlong future, jobject callback) {
  	// SOMEDAY: Do this on module load instead. Can we cache method ids across threads?
  	if( !g_IFutureCallback_call_methodID ) {
  		if( !findCallbackMethods( jenv ) ) {
  			return;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if( !future || !callback ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	// This is documented as not throwing, but simply returning null on OOM.
  	//  As belt and suspenders, we will check for pending exceptions and then,
  	//  if there are none and the result is null, we'll throw our own OOM.
  	callback = jenv->NewGlobalRef( callback );
  	if( !callback ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  
  	// Here we cache a thread-local reference to jenv
  	g_thread_jenv = jenv;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_set_callback( f, &callCallback, callback );
  	if( err ) {
  		jenv->DeleteGlobalRef( callback );
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1blockUntilReady(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *sav = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_block_until_ready( sav );
  	if( err )
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jthrowable JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1getError(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *sav = (FDBFuture *)future;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_error( sav );
  	if( err )
  		return getThrowable( jenv, err );
  	else
  		return JNI_NULL;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1isReady(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_FALSE;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *var = (FDBFuture *)future;
  	return (jboolean)fdb_future_is_ready(var);
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1dispose(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *var = (FDBFuture *)future;
  	fdb_future_destroy(var);
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1cancel(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *var = (FDBFuture *)future;
  	fdb_future_cancel(var);
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_NativeFuture_Future_1releaseMemory(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *var = (FDBFuture *)future;
  	fdb_future_release_memory(var);
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FutureInt64_FutureInt64_1get(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if (!future) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	int64_t value = 0;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_int64(f, &value);
  	if (err) {
  		safeThrow(jenv, getThrowable(jenv, err));
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return (jlong)value;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FutureStrings_FutureStrings_1get(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	const char **strings;
  	int count;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_string_array( f, &strings, &count );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jclass str_clazz = jenv->FindClass("java/lang/String");
  	if( jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	jobjectArray arr = jenv->NewObjectArray(count, str_clazz, JNI_NULL);
  	if( !arr ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  		jstring str = jenv->NewStringUTF( strings[i] );
  		if( !str ) {
  			if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  				throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  			return JNI_NULL;
  		}
  
  		jenv->SetObjectArrayElement( arr, i, str );
  		if( jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	return arr;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FutureResults_FutureResults_1getSummary(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jclass resultCls = jenv->FindClass("com/apple/foundationdb/RangeResultSummary");
  	if( jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	jmethodID resultCtorId = jenv->GetMethodID(resultCls, "<init>", "([BIZ)V");
  	if( jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  		return JNI_NULL;
   
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	const FDBKeyValue *kvs;
  	int count;
  	fdb_bool_t more;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_keyvalue_array( f, &kvs, &count, &more );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jbyteArray lastKey = JNI_NULL;
  	if(count) {
  		lastKey = jenv->NewByteArray(kvs[count - 1].key_length);
  		if( !lastKey ) {
  			if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  				throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  			return JNI_NULL;
  		}
  
  		jenv->SetByteArrayRegion(lastKey, 0, kvs[count - 1].key_length, (jbyte *)kvs[count - 1].key);
  	}
  
  	jobject result = jenv->NewObject(resultCls, resultCtorId, lastKey, count, (jboolean)more);
  	if( jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  // SOMEDAY: explore doing this more efficiently with Direct ByteBuffers
  JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FutureResults_FutureResults_1get(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jclass resultCls = jenv->FindClass("com/apple/foundationdb/RangeResult");
  	jmethodID resultCtorId = jenv->GetMethodID(resultCls, "<init>", "([B[IZ)V");
   
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	const FDBKeyValue *kvs;
  	int count;
  	fdb_bool_t more;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_keyvalue_array( f, &kvs, &count, &more );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	int totalKeyValueSize = 0;
  	for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  		totalKeyValueSize += kvs[i].key_length + kvs[i].value_length;
  	}
  
  	jbyteArray keyValueArray = jenv->NewByteArray(totalKeyValueSize);
  	if( !keyValueArray ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  	uint8_t *keyvalues_barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements(keyValueArray, JNI_NULL); 
  	if (!keyvalues_barr) {
  		throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jintArray lengthArray = jenv->NewIntArray(count * 2);
  	if( !lengthArray ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements(keyValueArray, (jbyte *)keyvalues_barr, 0);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jint *length_barr = jenv->GetIntArrayElements(lengthArray, JNI_NULL); 
  	if( !length_barr ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements(keyValueArray, (jbyte *)keyvalues_barr, 0);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	int offset = 0;
  	for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  		memcpy(keyvalues_barr + offset, kvs[i].key, kvs[i].key_length);
  		length_barr[ i * 2 ] = kvs[i].key_length;
  		offset += kvs[i].key_length;
  
  		memcpy(keyvalues_barr + offset, kvs[i].value, kvs[i].value_length);
  		length_barr[ (i * 2) + 1 ] = kvs[i].value_length;
  		offset += kvs[i].value_length;
  	}
  
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements(keyValueArray, (jbyte *)keyvalues_barr, 0);
  	jenv->ReleaseIntArrayElements(lengthArray, length_barr, 0);
  
  	jobject result = jenv->NewObject(resultCls, resultCtorId, keyValueArray, lengthArray, (jboolean)more);
  	if( jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  // SOMEDAY: explore doing this more efficiently with Direct ByteBuffers
  JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FutureResult_FutureResult_1get(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	fdb_bool_t present;
  	const uint8_t *value;
  	int length;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_value(f, &present, &value, &length);
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	if( !present )
  		return JNI_NULL;
  
  	jbyteArray result = jenv->NewByteArray(length);
  	if( !result ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jenv->SetByteArrayRegion(result, 0, length, (const jbyte *)value);
  	return result;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FutureKey_FutureKey_1get(JNIEnv * jenv, jclass, jlong future) {
  	if( !future ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  	FDBFuture *f = (FDBFuture *)future;
  
  	const uint8_t *value;
  	int length;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_future_get_key(f, &value, &length);
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jbyteArray result = jenv->NewByteArray(length);
  	if( !result ) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwOutOfMem(jenv);
  		return JNI_NULL;
  	}
  
  	jenv->SetByteArrayRegion(result, 0, length, (const jbyte *)value);
  	return result;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBDatabase_Database_1createTransaction(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong dbPtr) {
  	if( !dbPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBDatabase *database = (FDBDatabase *)dbPtr;
  	FDBTransaction *tr;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_database_create_transaction(database, &tr);
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return 0;
  	}
  	return (jlong)tr;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBDatabase_Database_1dispose(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong dPtr) {
  	if( !dPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	fdb_database_destroy( (FDBDatabase *)dPtr );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBDatabase_Database_1setOption(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong dPtr, jint code, jbyteArray value) {
  	if( !dPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBDatabase *c = (FDBDatabase *)dPtr;
  	uint8_t *barr = nullptr;
  	int size = 0;
  
  	if(value != JNI_NULL) {
  		barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( value, JNI_NULL );
  		if (!barr) {
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  			return;
  		}
  		size = jenv->GetArrayLength( value );
  	}
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_database_set_option( c, (FDBDatabaseOption)code, barr, size );
  	if(value != JNI_NULL)
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( value, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Error_1predicate(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jint predicate, jint code) {
  	return (jboolean)fdb_error_predicate(predicate, code);
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Database_1create(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jstring clusterFileName) {
  	const char* fileName = nullptr;
  	if(clusterFileName != JNI_NULL) {
  		fileName = jenv->GetStringUTFChars(clusterFileName, JNI_NULL);
  		if(jenv->ExceptionOccurred()) {
  			return 0;
  		}
  	}
  
  	FDBDatabase *db;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_create_database(fileName, &db);
  
  	if(clusterFileName != JNI_NULL) {
  		jenv->ReleaseStringUTFChars(clusterFileName, fileName);
  	}
  
  	if(err) {
  		safeThrow(jenv, getThrowable(jenv, err));
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return (jlong)db;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1setVersion(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jlong version) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	fdb_transaction_set_read_version( tr, version );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getReadVersion(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get_read_version( tr );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1get(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray keyBytes, jboolean snapshot) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBytes ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if(!barr) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get( tr, barr, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBytes ), (fdb_bool_t)snapshot );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBytes, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getKey(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, 
  		jbyteArray keyBytes, jboolean orEqual, jint offset, jboolean snapshot) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBytes ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if(!barr) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get_key( tr, barr, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBytes ), orEqual, offset, (fdb_bool_t)snapshot );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBytes, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getRange
    (JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray keyBeginBytes, jboolean orEqualBegin, jint offsetBegin,
  		jbyteArray keyEndBytes, jboolean orEqualEnd, jint offsetEnd, jint rowLimit, jint targetBytes, 
  		jint streamingMode, jint iteration, jboolean snapshot, jboolean reverse) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBeginBytes || !keyEndBytes ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barrBegin = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBeginBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrBegin) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t *barrEnd = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyEndBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrEnd) {
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBeginBytes, (jbyte *)barrBegin, JNI_ABORT );
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get_range( tr, 
  			barrBegin, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBeginBytes ), orEqualBegin, offsetBegin,
  			barrEnd, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyEndBytes ), orEqualEnd, offsetEnd, rowLimit,
  			targetBytes, (FDBStreamingMode)streamingMode, iteration, snapshot, reverse);
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBeginBytes, (jbyte *)barrBegin, JNI_ABORT );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyEndBytes, (jbyte *)barrEnd, JNI_ABORT );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getEstimatedRangeSizeBytes(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, 
  		jbyteArray beginKeyBytes, jbyteArray endKeyBytes) {
  	if( !tPtr || !beginKeyBytes || !endKeyBytes) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *startKey = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( beginKeyBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if(!startKey) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t *endKey = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements(endKeyBytes, JNI_NULL);
  	if (!endKey) {
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( beginKeyBytes, (jbyte *)startKey, JNI_ABORT );
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get_estimated_range_size_bytes( tr, startKey, jenv->GetArrayLength( beginKeyBytes ), endKey, jenv->GetArrayLength( endKeyBytes ) );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( beginKeyBytes, (jbyte *)startKey, JNI_ABORT );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( endKeyBytes, (jbyte *)endKey, JNI_ABORT );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1set(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray keyBytes, jbyteArray valueBytes) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBytes || !valueBytes ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barrKey = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrKey) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t *barrValue = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( valueBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrValue) {
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBytes, (jbyte *)barrKey, JNI_ABORT );
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	fdb_transaction_set( tr, 
  			barrKey, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBytes ),
  			barrValue, jenv->GetArrayLength( valueBytes ) );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBytes, (jbyte *)barrKey, JNI_ABORT );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( valueBytes, (jbyte *)barrValue, JNI_ABORT );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1clear__J_3B(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray keyBytes) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBytes ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barr) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	fdb_transaction_clear( tr, barr, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBytes ) );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBytes, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1clear__J_3B_3B(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray keyBeginBytes, jbyteArray keyEndBytes) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBeginBytes || !keyEndBytes ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barrKeyBegin = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBeginBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrKeyBegin) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t *barrKeyEnd = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyEndBytes, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrKeyEnd) {
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBeginBytes, (jbyte *)barrKeyBegin, JNI_ABORT );
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	fdb_transaction_clear_range( tr, 
  			barrKeyBegin, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBeginBytes ),
  			barrKeyEnd, jenv->GetArrayLength( keyEndBytes ) );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBeginBytes, (jbyte *)barrKeyBegin, JNI_ABORT );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyEndBytes, (jbyte *)barrKeyEnd, JNI_ABORT );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1mutate(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jint code,
  																		jbyteArray key, jbyteArray value ) {
  	if( !tPtr || !key || !value ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barrKey = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( key, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrKey) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t *barrValue = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( value, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barrValue) {
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( key, (jbyte *)barrKey, JNI_ABORT );
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  
  	fdb_transaction_atomic_op( tr, 
  			barrKey, jenv->GetArrayLength( key ),
  			barrValue, jenv->GetArrayLength( value ),
  			(FDBMutationType)code);
  
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( key, (jbyte *)barrKey, JNI_ABORT );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( value, (jbyte *)barrValue, JNI_ABORT );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1commit(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_commit( tr );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1setOption(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jint code, jbyteArray value) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	uint8_t *barr = nullptr;
  	int size = 0;
  
  	if(value != JNI_NULL) {
  		barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( value, JNI_NULL );
  		if (!barr) {
  			if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  				throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  			return;
  		}
  		size = jenv->GetArrayLength( value );
  	}
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_transaction_set_option( tr, (FDBTransactionOption)code, barr, size );
  	if(value != JNI_NULL)
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( value, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getCommittedVersion(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	int64_t version;
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_transaction_get_committed_version( tr, &version );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		return 0;
  	}
  	return (jlong)version;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getApproximateSize(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if (!tPtr) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBFuture* f = fdb_transaction_get_approximate_size((FDBTransaction*)tPtr);
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getVersionstamp(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if (!tPtr) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get_versionstamp(tr);
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1getKeyLocations(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray key) {
  	if( !tPtr || !key ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( key, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barr) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  	int size = jenv->GetArrayLength( key );
  
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_get_addresses_for_key( tr, barr, size );
  
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( key, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1onError(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jint errorCode) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_on_error( tr, (fdb_error_t)errorCode );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1dispose(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	fdb_transaction_destroy( (FDBTransaction *)tPtr );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1reset(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	fdb_transaction_reset( (FDBTransaction *)tPtr );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1watch(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray key) {
  	if( !tPtr || !key ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return 0;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( key, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!barr) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return 0;
  	}
  	int size = jenv->GetArrayLength( key );
  	FDBFuture *f = fdb_transaction_watch( tr, barr, size );
  
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( key, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	return (jlong)f;
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1cancel(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr) {
  	if( !tPtr ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	fdb_transaction_cancel( (FDBTransaction *)tPtr );
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDBTransaction_Transaction_1addConflictRange(
  		JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jlong tPtr, jbyteArray keyBegin, jbyteArray keyEnd, jint conflictType) {
  	if( !tPtr || !keyBegin || !keyEnd ) {
  		throwParamNotNull(jenv);
  		return;
  	}
  	FDBTransaction *tr = (FDBTransaction *)tPtr;
  
  	uint8_t *begin_barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyBegin, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!begin_barr) {
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  	int begin_size = jenv->GetArrayLength( keyBegin );
  
  	uint8_t *end_barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( keyEnd, JNI_NULL );
  	if (!end_barr) {
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBegin, (jbyte *)begin_barr, JNI_ABORT );
  		if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  			throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  		return;
  	}
  	int end_size = jenv->GetArrayLength( keyEnd );
  
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_transaction_add_conflict_range( tr, begin_barr, begin_size, end_barr, end_size, (FDBConflictRangeType)conflictType );
  
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyBegin, (jbyte *)begin_barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( keyEnd, (jbyte *)end_barr, JNI_ABORT );
  
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Select_1API_1version(JNIEnv *jenv, jclass, jint version) {
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_select_api_version( (int)version );
  	if( err ) {
  		if( err == 2203 ) {
  			int maxSupportedVersion = fdb_get_max_api_version();
  
  			char errorStr[1024];
  			if(FDB_API_VERSION > maxSupportedVersion) {
  				snprintf(errorStr, sizeof(errorStr), "This version of the FoundationDB Java binding is not supported by the installed "
  						 							 "FoundationDB C library. The binding requires a library that supports API version " 
  						 							 "%d, but the installed library supports a maximum version of %d.",
  													 FDB_API_VERSION, maxSupportedVersion);
  			}
  			else {
  				snprintf(errorStr, sizeof(errorStr), "API version %d is not supported by the installed FoundationDB C library.", version);
  			}
  
  			safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err, errorStr ) );
  		}
  		else {
  			safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Network_1setOption(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject, jint code, jbyteArray value) {
  	uint8_t *barr = nullptr;
  	int size = 0;
  	if(value != JNI_NULL) {
  		barr = (uint8_t *)jenv->GetByteArrayElements( value, JNI_NULL );
  		if (!barr) {
  			if( !jenv->ExceptionOccurred() )
  				throwRuntimeEx( jenv, "Error getting handle to native resources" );
  			return;
  		}
  		size = jenv->GetArrayLength( value );
  	}
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_network_set_option((FDBNetworkOption)code, barr, size);
  	if(value != JNI_NULL)
  		jenv->ReleaseByteArrayElements( value, (jbyte *)barr, JNI_ABORT );
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Network_1setup(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject) {
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_setup_network();
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Network_1run(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject) {
  	// initialize things for the callbacks on the network thread
  	g_thread_jenv = jenv;
  	if( !g_IFutureCallback_call_methodID ) {
  		if( !findCallbackMethods( jenv ) )
  			return;
  	}
  
  	fdb_error_t hookErr = fdb_add_network_thread_completion_hook( &detachIfExternalThread, nullptr );
  	if( hookErr ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, hookErr ) );
  	}
  
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_run_network();
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_apple_foundationdb_FDB_Network_1stop(JNIEnv *jenv, jobject) {
  	fdb_error_t err = fdb_stop_network();
  	if( err ) {
  		safeThrow( jenv, getThrowable( jenv, err ) );
  	}
  }
  
  jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *vm, void *reserved) {
  	g_jvm = vm;
  	return JNI_VERSION_1_1;
  }
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  }
  #endif
  
  