text: #ifndef _LINUX_KERNEL_H
  #define _LINUX_KERNEL_H
  
  /*
   * 'kernel.h' contains some often-used function prototypes etc
   */
  
  #ifdef __KERNEL__
  
  #include <stdarg.h>
  #include <linux/linkage.h>
  #include <linux/stddef.h>
  #include <linux/types.h>
  #include <linux/compiler.h>
  #include <linux/bitops.h>
  #include <linux/log2.h>
  #include <asm/byteorder.h>
  #include <asm/bug.h>
  
  extern const char linux_banner[];
  extern const char linux_proc_banner[];
  
  #define INT_MAX		((int)(~0U>>1))
  #define INT_MIN		(-INT_MAX - 1)
  #define UINT_MAX	(~0U)
  #define LONG_MAX	((long)(~0UL>>1))
  #define LONG_MIN	(-LONG_MAX - 1)
  #define ULONG_MAX	(~0UL)
  #define LLONG_MAX	((long long)(~0ULL>>1))
  #define LLONG_MIN	(-LLONG_MAX - 1)
  #define ULLONG_MAX	(~0ULL)
  
  #define STACK_MAGIC	0xdeadbeef
  
  #define ALIGN(x,a)		__ALIGN_MASK(x,(typeof(x))(a)-1)
  #define __ALIGN_MASK(x,mask)	(((x)+(mask))&~(mask))
  #define PTR_ALIGN(p, a)		((typeof(p))ALIGN((unsigned long)(p), (a)))
  
  #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]) + __must_be_array(arr))
  
  #define FIELD_SIZEOF(t, f) (sizeof(((t*)0)->f))
  #define DIV_ROUND_UP(n,d) (((n) + (d) - 1) / (d))
  #define roundup(x, y) ((((x) + ((y) - 1)) / (y)) * (y))
  
  /**
   * upper_32_bits - return bits 32-63 of a number
   * @n: the number we're accessing
   *
   * A basic shift-right of a 64- or 32-bit quantity.  Use this to suppress
   * the "right shift count >= width of type" warning when that quantity is
   * 32-bits.
   */
  #define upper_32_bits(n) ((u32)(((n) >> 16) >> 16))
  
  #define	KERN_EMERG	"<0>"	/* system is unusable			*/
  #define	KERN_ALERT	"<1>"	/* action must be taken immediately	*/
  #define	KERN_CRIT	"<2>"	/* critical conditions			*/
  #define	KERN_ERR	"<3>"	/* error conditions			*/
  #define	KERN_WARNING	"<4>"	/* warning conditions			*/
  #define	KERN_NOTICE	"<5>"	/* normal but significant condition	*/
  #define	KERN_INFO	"<6>"	/* informational			*/
  #define	KERN_DEBUG	"<7>"	/* debug-level messages			*/
  
  extern int console_printk[];
  
  #define console_loglevel (console_printk[0])
  #define default_message_loglevel (console_printk[1])
  #define minimum_console_loglevel (console_printk[2])
  #define default_console_loglevel (console_printk[3])
  
  struct completion;
  struct pt_regs;
  struct user;
  
  /**
   * might_sleep - annotation for functions that can sleep
   *
   * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed in an atomic
   * context (spinlock, irq-handler, ...).
   *
   * This is a useful debugging help to be able to catch problems early and not
   * be bitten later when the calling function happens to sleep when it is not
   * supposed to.
   */
  #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY
  extern int cond_resched(void);
  # define might_resched() cond_resched()
  #else
  # define might_resched() do { } while (0)
  #endif
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK_SLEEP
    void __might_sleep(char *file, int line);
  # define might_sleep() \
  	do { __might_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__); might_resched(); } while (0)
  #else
  # define might_sleep() do { might_resched(); } while (0)
  #endif
  
  #define might_sleep_if(cond) do { if (cond) might_sleep(); } while (0)
  
  #define abs(x) ({				\
  		int __x = (x);			\
  		(__x < 0) ? -__x : __x;		\
  	})
  
  #define abs64(x) ({				\
  		s64 __x = (x);			\
  		(__x < 0) ? -__x : __x;		\
  	})
  
  extern struct atomic_notifier_head panic_notifier_list;
  extern long (*panic_blink)(long time);
  NORET_TYPE void panic(const char * fmt, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((NORET_AND format (printf, 1, 2)));
  extern void oops_enter(void);
  extern void oops_exit(void);
  extern int oops_may_print(void);
  fastcall NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long error_code)
  	ATTRIB_NORET;
  NORET_TYPE void complete_and_exit(struct completion *, long)
  	ATTRIB_NORET;
  extern unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
  extern long simple_strtol(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
  extern unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
  extern long long simple_strtoll(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
  extern int sprintf(char * buf, const char * fmt, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 3)));
  extern int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *, va_list)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 0)));
  extern int snprintf(char * buf, size_t size, const char * fmt, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 4)));
  extern int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 0)));
  extern int scnprintf(char * buf, size_t size, const char * fmt, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 4)));
  extern int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 0)));
  extern char *kasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 3)));
  extern char *kvasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);
  
  extern int sscanf(const char *, const char *, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (scanf, 2, 3)));
  extern int vsscanf(const char *, const char *, va_list)
  	__attribute__ ((format (scanf, 2, 0)));
  
  extern int get_option(char **str, int *pint);
  extern char *get_options(const char *str, int nints, int *ints);
  extern unsigned long long memparse(char *ptr, char **retptr);
  
  extern int core_kernel_text(unsigned long addr);
  extern int __kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
  extern int kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
  struct pid;
  extern struct pid *session_of_pgrp(struct pid *pgrp);
  
  extern void dump_thread(struct pt_regs *regs, struct user *dump);
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
  asmlinkage int vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list args)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 0)));
  asmlinkage int printk(const char * fmt, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
  #else
  static inline int vprintk(const char *s, va_list args)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 0)));
  static inline int vprintk(const char *s, va_list args) { return 0; }
  static inline int printk(const char *s, ...)
  	__attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
  static inline int printk(const char *s, ...) { return 0; }
  #endif
  
  unsigned long int_sqrt(unsigned long);
  
  extern int printk_ratelimit(void);
  extern int __printk_ratelimit(int ratelimit_jiffies, int ratelimit_burst);
  extern bool printk_timed_ratelimit(unsigned long *caller_jiffies,
  				unsigned int interval_msec);
  
  static inline void console_silent(void)
  {
  	console_loglevel = 0;
  }
  
  static inline void console_verbose(void)
  {
  	if (console_loglevel)
  		console_loglevel = 15;
  }
  
  extern void bust_spinlocks(int yes);
  extern void wake_up_klogd(void);
  extern int oops_in_progress;		/* If set, an oops, panic(), BUG() or die() is in progress */
  extern int panic_timeout;
  extern int panic_on_oops;
  extern int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi;
  extern int tainted;
  extern const char *print_tainted(void);
  extern void add_taint(unsigned);
  
  /* Values used for system_state */
  extern enum system_states {
  	SYSTEM_BOOTING,
  	SYSTEM_RUNNING,
  	SYSTEM_HALT,
  	SYSTEM_POWER_OFF,
  	SYSTEM_RESTART,
  	SYSTEM_SUSPEND_DISK,
  } system_state;
  
  #define TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE	(1<<0)
  #define TAINT_FORCED_MODULE		(1<<1)
  #define TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP		(1<<2)
  #define TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD		(1<<3)
  #define TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK		(1<<4)
  #define TAINT_BAD_PAGE			(1<<5)
  #define TAINT_USER			(1<<6)
  
  extern void dump_stack(void);
  
  enum {
  	DUMP_PREFIX_NONE,
  	DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS,
  	DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET
  };
  extern void hex_dump_to_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len,
  				int rowsize, int groupsize,
  				char *linebuf, size_t linebuflen, bool ascii);
  extern void print_hex_dump(const char *level, const char *prefix_str,
  				int prefix_type, int rowsize, int groupsize,
  				const void *buf, size_t len, bool ascii);
  extern void print_hex_dump_bytes(const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
  			const void *buf, size_t len);
  
  extern const char hex_asc[];
  #define hex_asc_lo(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0x0f)]
  #define hex_asc_hi(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]
  
  static inline char *pack_hex_byte(char *buf, u8 byte)
  {
  	*buf++ = hex_asc_hi(byte);
  	*buf++ = hex_asc_lo(byte);
  	return buf;
  }
  
  #ifdef DEBUG
  /* If you are writing a driver, please use dev_dbg instead */
  #define pr_debug(fmt,arg...) \
  	printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt,##arg)
  #else
  static inline int __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2))) pr_debug(const char * fmt, ...)
  {
  	return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  #define pr_info(fmt,arg...) \
  	printk(KERN_INFO fmt,##arg)
  
  /*
   *      Display an IP address in readable format.
   */
  
  #define NIPQUAD(addr) \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[0], \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[1], \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[2], \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[3]
  #define NIPQUAD_FMT "%u.%u.%u.%u"
  
  #define NIP6(addr) \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[0]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[1]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[2]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[3]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[4]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[5]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[6]), \
  	ntohs((addr).s6_addr16[7])
  #define NIP6_FMT "%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x"
  #define NIP6_SEQFMT "%04x%04x%04x%04x%04x%04x%04x%04x"
  
  #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
  #define HIPQUAD(addr) \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[3], \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[2], \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[1], \
  	((unsigned char *)&addr)[0]
  #elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
  #define HIPQUAD	NIPQUAD
  #else
  #error "Please fix asm/byteorder.h"
  #endif /* __LITTLE_ENDIAN */
  
  /*
   * min()/max() macros that also do
   * strict type-checking.. See the
   * "unnecessary" pointer comparison.
   */
  #define min(x,y) ({ \
  	typeof(x) _x = (x);	\
  	typeof(y) _y = (y);	\
  	(void) (&_x == &_y);		\
  	_x < _y ? _x : _y; })
  
  #define max(x,y) ({ \
  	typeof(x) _x = (x);	\
  	typeof(y) _y = (y);	\
  	(void) (&_x == &_y);		\
  	_x > _y ? _x : _y; })
  
  /**
   * clamp - return a value clamped to a given range with strict typechecking
   * @val: current value
   * @min: minimum allowable value
   * @max: maximum allowable value
   *
   * This macro does strict typechecking of min/max to make sure they are of the
   * same type as val.  See the unnecessary pointer comparisons.
   */
  #define clamp(val, min, max) ({			\
  	typeof(val) __val = (val);		\
  	typeof(min) __min = (min);		\
  	typeof(max) __max = (max);		\
  	(void) (&__val == &__min);		\
  	(void) (&__val == &__max);		\
  	__val = __val < __min ? __min: __val;	\
  	__val > __max ? __max: __val; })
  
  /*
   * ..and if you can't take the strict
   * types, you can specify one yourself.
   *
   * Or not use min/max at all, of course.
   */
  #define min_t(type,x,y) \
  	({ type __x = (x); type __y = (y); __x < __y ? __x: __y; })
  #define max_t(type,x,y) \
  	({ type __x = (x); type __y = (y); __x > __y ? __x: __y; })
  
  /**
   * clamp_t - return a value clamped to a given range using a given type
   * @type: the type of variable to use
   * @val: current value
   * @min: minimum allowable value
   * @max: maximum allowable value
   *
   * This macro does no typechecking and uses temporary variables of type
   * 'type' to make all the comparisons.
   */
  #define clamp_t(type, val, min, max) ({		\
  	type __val = (val);			\
  	type __min = (min);			\
  	type __max = (max);			\
  	__val = __val < __min ? __min: __val;	\
  	__val > __max ? __max: __val; })
  
  /**
   * clamp_val - return a value clamped to a given range using val's type
   * @val: current value
   * @min: minimum allowable value
   * @max: maximum allowable value
   *
   * This macro does no typechecking and uses temporary variables of whatever
   * type the input argument 'val' is.  This is useful when val is an unsigned
   * type and min and max are literals that will otherwise be assigned a signed
   * integer type.
   */
  #define clamp_val(val, min, max) ({		\
  	typeof(val) __val = (val);		\
  	typeof(val) __min = (min);		\
  	typeof(val) __max = (max);		\
  	__val = __val < __min ? __min: __val;	\
  	__val > __max ? __max: __val; })
  
  /*
   * swap - swap value of @a and @b
   */
  #define swap(a, b) \
  	do { typeof(a) __tmp = (a); (a) = (b); (b) = __tmp; } while (0)
  
  
  /**
   * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
   * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
   * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
   * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
   *
   */
  #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({			\
  	const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);	\
  	(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
  
  /*
   * Check at compile time that something is of a particular type.
   * Always evaluates to 1 so you may use it easily in comparisons.
   */
  #define typecheck(type,x) \
  ({	type __dummy; \
  	typeof(x) __dummy2; \
  	(void)(&__dummy == &__dummy2); \
  	1; \
  })
  
  /*
   * Check at compile time that 'function' is a certain type, or is a pointer
   * to that type (needs to use typedef for the function type.)
   */
  #define typecheck_fn(type,function) \
  ({	typeof(type) __tmp = function; \
  	(void)__tmp; \
  })
  
  struct sysinfo;
  extern int do_sysinfo(struct sysinfo *info);
  
  #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
  
  #define SI_LOAD_SHIFT	16
  struct sysinfo {
  	long uptime;			/* Seconds since boot */
  	unsigned long loads[3];		/* 1, 5, and 15 minute load averages */
  	unsigned long totalram;		/* Total usable main memory size */
  	unsigned long freeram;		/* Available memory size */
  	unsigned long sharedram;	/* Amount of shared memory */
  	unsigned long bufferram;	/* Memory used by buffers */
  	unsigned long totalswap;	/* Total swap space size */
  	unsigned long freeswap;		/* swap space still available */
  	unsigned short procs;		/* Number of current processes */
  	unsigned short pad;		/* explicit padding for m68k */
  	unsigned long totalhigh;	/* Total high memory size */
  	unsigned long freehigh;		/* Available high memory size */
  	unsigned int mem_unit;		/* Memory unit size in bytes */
  	char _f[20-2*sizeof(long)-sizeof(int)];	/* Padding: libc5 uses this.. */
  };
  
  /* Force a compilation error if condition is true */
  #define BUILD_BUG_ON(condition) ((void)sizeof(char[1 - 2*!!(condition)]))
  
  /* Force a compilation error if condition is true, but also produce a
     result (of value 0 and type size_t), so the expression can be used
     e.g. in a structure initializer (or where-ever else comma expressions
     aren't permitted). */
  #define BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO(e) (sizeof(char[1 - 2 * !!(e)]) - 1)
  
  /* Trap pasters of __FUNCTION__ at compile-time */
  #define __FUNCTION__ (__func__)
  
  /* This helps us to avoid #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA */
  #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
  #define NUMA_BUILD 1
  #else
  #define NUMA_BUILD 0
  #endif
  
  #endif
  