text: """
  The MIT License (MIT)
  
  Copyright (c) 2015-present Rapptz
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
  copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
  to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
  the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
  and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
  Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  
  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
  OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
  FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
  DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  """
  from __future__ import annotations
  
  import threading
  import traceback
  import subprocess
  import audioop
  import asyncio
  import logging
  import shlex
  import time
  import json
  import sys
  import re
  import io
  
  from typing import Any, Callable,  Generic, IO, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
  
  from .errors import ClientException
  from .opus import Encoder as OpusEncoder
  from .oggparse import OggStream
  from .utils import MISSING
  
  if TYPE_CHECKING:
      from .voice_client import VoiceClient
  
  
  AT = TypeVar('AT', bound='AudioSource')
  FT = TypeVar('FT', bound='FFmpegOpusAudio')
  
  _log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  __all__ = (
      'AudioSource',
      'PCMAudio',
      'FFmpegAudio',
      'FFmpegPCMAudio',
      'FFmpegOpusAudio',
      'PCMVolumeTransformer',
  )
  
  CREATE_NO_WINDOW: int
  
  if sys.platform != 'win32':
      CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0
  else:
      CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000
  
  class AudioSource:
      """Represents an audio stream.
  
      The audio stream can be Opus encoded or not, however if the audio stream
      is not Opus encoded then the audio format must be 16-bit 48KHz stereo PCM.
  
      .. warning::
  
          The audio source reads are done in a separate thread.
      """
  
      def read(self) -> bytes:
          """Reads 20ms worth of audio.
  
          Subclasses must implement this.
  
          If the audio is complete, then returning an empty
          :term:`py:bytes-like object` to signal this is the way to do so.
  
          If :meth:`~AudioSource.is_opus` method returns ``True``, then it must return
          20ms worth of Opus encoded audio. Otherwise, it must be 20ms
          worth of 16-bit 48KHz stereo PCM, which is about 3,840 bytes
          per frame (20ms worth of audio).
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`bytes`
              A bytes like object that represents the PCM or Opus data.
          """
          raise NotImplementedError
  
      def is_opus(self) -> bool:
          """Checks if the audio source is already encoded in Opus."""
          return False
  
      def cleanup(self) -> None:
          """Called when clean-up is needed to be done.
  
          Useful for clearing buffer data or processes after
          it is done playing audio.
          """
          pass
  
      def __del__(self) -> None:
          self.cleanup()
  
  class PCMAudio(AudioSource):
      """Represents raw 16-bit 48KHz stereo PCM audio source.
  
      Attributes
      -----------
      stream: :term:`py:file object`
          A file-like object that reads byte data representing raw PCM.
      """
      def __init__(self, stream: io.BufferedIOBase) -> None:
          self.stream: io.BufferedIOBase = stream
  
      def read(self) -> bytes:
          ret = self.stream.read(OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE)
          if len(ret) != OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE:
              return b''
          return ret
  
  class FFmpegAudio(AudioSource):
      """Represents an FFmpeg (or AVConv) based AudioSource.
  
      User created AudioSources using FFmpeg differently from how :class:`FFmpegPCMAudio` and
      :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio` work should subclass this.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.3
      """
  
      def __init__(self, source: Union[str, io.BufferedIOBase], *, executable: str = 'ffmpeg', args: Any, **subprocess_kwargs: Any):
          piping = subprocess_kwargs.get('stdin') == subprocess.PIPE
          if piping and isinstance(source, str):
              raise TypeError("parameter conflict: 'source' parameter cannot be a string when piping to stdin")
  
          args = [executable, *args]
          kwargs = {'stdout': subprocess.PIPE}
          kwargs.update(subprocess_kwargs)
  
          self._process: subprocess.Popen = self._spawn_process(args, **kwargs)
          self._stdout: IO[bytes] = self._process.stdout  # type: ignore
          self._stdin: Optional[IO[bytes]] = None
          self._pipe_thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
  
          if piping:
              n = f'popen-stdin-writer:{id(self):#x}'
              self._stdin = self._process.stdin
              self._pipe_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._pipe_writer, args=(source,), daemon=True, name=n)
              self._pipe_thread.start()
  
      def _spawn_process(self, args: Any, **subprocess_kwargs: Any) -> subprocess.Popen:
          process = None
          try:
              process = subprocess.Popen(args, creationflags=CREATE_NO_WINDOW, **subprocess_kwargs)
          except FileNotFoundError:
              executable = args.partition(' ')[0] if isinstance(args, str) else args[0]
              raise ClientException(executable + ' was not found.') from None
          except subprocess.SubprocessError as exc:
              raise ClientException(f'Popen failed: {exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc}') from exc
          else:
              return process
  
      def _kill_process(self) -> None:
          proc = self._process
          if proc is MISSING:
              return
  
          _log.info('Preparing to terminate ffmpeg process %s.', proc.pid)
  
          try:
              proc.kill()
          except Exception:
              _log.exception('Ignoring error attempting to kill ffmpeg process %s', proc.pid)
  
          if proc.poll() is None:
              _log.info('ffmpeg process %s has not terminated. Waiting to terminate...', proc.pid)
              proc.communicate()
              _log.info('ffmpeg process %s should have terminated with a return code of %s.', proc.pid, proc.returncode)
          else:
              _log.info('ffmpeg process %s successfully terminated with return code of %s.', proc.pid, proc.returncode)
  
  
      def _pipe_writer(self, source: io.BufferedIOBase) -> None:
          while self._process:
              # arbitrarily large read size
              data = source.read(8192)
              if not data:
                  self._process.terminate()
                  return
              try:
                  self._stdin.write(data) # type: ignore
              except Exception:
                  _log.debug('Write error for %s, this is probably not a problem', self, exc_info=True)
                  # at this point the source data is either exhausted or the process is fubar
                  self._process.terminate()
                  return
  
      def check_streams(self) -> None:
          if (self._process is MISSING
              or self._stdout is MISSING
              or self._stdin is MISSING
          ):
              raise ValueError("FFmpegAudio cannot be read more than once")
  
      def cleanup(self) -> None:
          self._kill_process()
          self._process = self._stdout = self._stdin = MISSING
  
  class FFmpegPCMAudio(FFmpegAudio):
      """An audio source from FFmpeg (or AVConv).
  
      This launches a sub-process to a specific input file given.
  
      .. warning::
  
          You must have the ffmpeg or avconv executable in your path environment
          variable in order for this to work.
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      source: Union[:class:`str`, :class:`io.BufferedIOBase`]
          The input that ffmpeg will take and convert to PCM bytes.
          If ``pipe`` is ``True`` then this is a file-like object that is
          passed to the stdin of ffmpeg.
      executable: :class:`str`
          The executable name (and path) to use. Defaults to ``ffmpeg``.
      pipe: :class:`bool`
          If ``True``, denotes that ``source`` parameter will be passed
          to the stdin of ffmpeg. Defaults to ``False``.
      stderr: Optional[:term:`py:file object`]
          A file-like object to pass to the Popen constructor.
          Could also be an instance of ``subprocess.PIPE``.
      before_options: Optional[:class:`str`]
          Extra command line arguments to pass to ffmpeg before the ``-i`` flag.
      options: Optional[:class:`str`]
          Extra command line arguments to pass to ffmpeg after the ``-i`` flag.
  
      Raises
      --------
      ClientException
          The subprocess failed to be created.
      """
  
      def __init__(
          self,
          source: Union[str, io.BufferedIOBase],
          *,
          executable: str = 'ffmpeg',
          pipe: bool = False,
          stderr: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
          before_options: Optional[str] = None,
          options: Optional[str] = None
      ) -> None:
          args = []
          subprocess_kwargs = {'stdin': subprocess.PIPE if pipe else subprocess.DEVNULL, 'stderr': stderr}
  
          if isinstance(before_options, str):
              args.extend(shlex.split(before_options))
  
          args.append('-i')
          args.append('-' if pipe else source)
          args.extend(('-f', 's16le', '-ar', '48000', '-ac', '2', '-loglevel', 'warning'))
  
          if isinstance(options, str):
              args.extend(shlex.split(options))
  
          args.append('pipe:1')
  
          super().__init__(source, executable=executable, args=args, **subprocess_kwargs)
  
      def read(self) -> bytes:
          self.check_streams()
          ret = self._stdout.read(OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE)
          if len(ret) != OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE:
              return b''
          return ret
  
      def is_opus(self) -> bool:
          return False
  
  class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
      """An audio source from FFmpeg (or AVConv).
  
      This launches a sub-process to a specific input file given.  However, rather than
      producing PCM packets like :class:`FFmpegPCMAudio` does that need to be encoded to
      Opus, this class produces Opus packets, skipping the encoding step done by the library.
  
      Alternatively, instead of instantiating this class directly, you can use
      :meth:`FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe` to probe for bitrate and codec information.  This
      can be used to opportunistically skip pointless re-encoding of existing Opus audio data
      for a boost in performance at the cost of a short initial delay to gather the information.
      The same can be achieved by passing ``copy`` to the ``codec`` parameter, but only if you
      know that the input source is Opus encoded beforehand.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.3
  
      .. warning::
  
          You must have the ffmpeg or avconv executable in your path environment
          variable in order for this to work.
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      source: Union[:class:`str`, :class:`io.BufferedIOBase`]
          The input that ffmpeg will take and convert to Opus bytes.
          If ``pipe`` is ``True`` then this is a file-like object that is
          passed to the stdin of ffmpeg.
      bitrate: :class:`int`
          The bitrate in kbps to encode the output to.  Defaults to ``128``.
      codec: Optional[:class:`str`]
          The codec to use to encode the audio data.  Normally this would be
          just ``libopus``, but is used by :meth:`FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe` to
          opportunistically skip pointlessly re-encoding Opus audio data by passing
          ``copy`` as the codec value.  Any values other than ``copy``, ``opus``, or
          ``libopus`` will be considered ``libopus``.  Defaults to ``libopus``.
  
          .. warning::
  
              Do not provide this parameter unless you are certain that the audio input is
              already Opus encoded.  For typical use :meth:`FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe`
              should be used to determine the proper value for this parameter.
  
      executable: :class:`str`
          The executable name (and path) to use. Defaults to ``ffmpeg``.
      pipe: :class:`bool`
          If ``True``, denotes that ``source`` parameter will be passed
          to the stdin of ffmpeg. Defaults to ``False``.
      stderr: Optional[:term:`py:file object`]
          A file-like object to pass to the Popen constructor.
          Could also be an instance of ``subprocess.PIPE``.
      before_options: Optional[:class:`str`]
          Extra command line arguments to pass to ffmpeg before the ``-i`` flag.
      options: Optional[:class:`str`]
          Extra command line arguments to pass to ffmpeg after the ``-i`` flag.
  
      Raises
      --------
      ClientException
          The subprocess failed to be created.
      """
  
      def __init__(
          self,
          source: Union[str, io.BufferedIOBase],
          *,
          bitrate: int = 128,
          codec: Optional[str] = None,
          executable: str = 'ffmpeg',
          pipe=False,
          stderr=None,
          before_options=None,
          options=None,
      ) -> None:
  
          args = []
          subprocess_kwargs = {'stdin': subprocess.PIPE if pipe else subprocess.DEVNULL, 'stderr': stderr}
  
          if isinstance(before_options, str):
              args.extend(shlex.split(before_options))
  
          args.append('-i')
          args.append('-' if pipe else source)
  
          codec = 'copy' if codec in ('opus', 'libopus') else 'libopus'
  
          args.extend(('-map_metadata', '-1',
                       '-f', 'opus',
                       '-c:a', codec,
                       '-ar', '48000',
                       '-ac', '2',
                       '-b:a', f'{bitrate}k',
                       '-loglevel', 'warning'))
  
          if isinstance(options, str):
              args.extend(shlex.split(options))
  
          args.append('pipe:1')
  
          super().__init__(source, executable=executable, args=args, **subprocess_kwargs)
          self._packet_iter = OggStream(self._stdout).iter_packets()
  
      @classmethod
      async def from_probe(
          cls: Type[FT],
          source: str,
          *,
          method: Optional[Union[str, Callable[[str, str], Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]]]] = None,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> FT:
          """|coro|
  
          A factory method that creates a :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio` after probing
          the input source for audio codec and bitrate information.
  
          Examples
          ----------
  
          Use this function to create an :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio` instance instead of the constructor: ::
  
              source = await disnake.FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe("song.webm")
              voice_client.play(source)
  
          If you are on Windows and don't have ffprobe installed, use the ``fallback`` method
          to probe using ffmpeg instead: ::
  
              source = await disnake.FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe("song.webm", method='fallback')
              voice_client.play(source)
  
          Using a custom method of determining codec and bitrate: ::
  
              def custom_probe(source, executable):
                  # some analysis code here
                  return codec, bitrate
  
              source = await disnake.FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe("song.webm", method=custom_probe)
              voice_client.play(source)
  
          Parameters
          ------------
          source
              Identical to the ``source`` parameter for the constructor.
          method: Optional[Union[:class:`str`, Callable[:class:`str`, :class:`str`]]]
              The probing method used to determine bitrate and codec information. As a string, valid
              values are ``native`` to use ffprobe (or avprobe) and ``fallback`` to use ffmpeg
              (or avconv).  As a callable, it must take two string arguments, ``source`` and
              ``executable``.  Both parameters are the same values passed to this factory function.
              ``executable`` will default to ``ffmpeg`` if not provided as a keyword argument.
          kwargs
              The remaining parameters to be passed to the :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio` constructor,
              excluding ``bitrate`` and ``codec``.
  
          Raises
          --------
          AttributeError
              Invalid probe method, must be ``'native'`` or ``'fallback'``.
          TypeError
              Invalid value for ``probe`` parameter, must be :class:`str` or a callable.
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio`
              An instance of this class.
          """
  
          executable = kwargs.get('executable')
          codec, bitrate = await cls.probe(source, method=method, executable=executable)
          return cls(source, bitrate=bitrate, codec=codec, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
  
      @classmethod
      async def probe(
          cls,
          source: str,
          *,
          method: Optional[Union[str, Callable[[str, str], Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]]]] = None,
          executable: Optional[str] = None,
      ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
          """|coro|
  
          Probes the input source for bitrate and codec information.
  
          Parameters
          ------------
          source
              Identical to the ``source`` parameter for :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio`.
          method
              Identical to the ``method`` parameter for :meth:`FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe`.
          executable: :class:`str`
              Identical to the ``executable`` parameter for :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio`.
  
          Raises
          --------
          AttributeError
              Invalid probe method, must be ``'native'`` or ``'fallback'``.
          TypeError
              Invalid value for ``probe`` parameter, must be :class:`str` or a callable.
  
          Returns
          ---------
          Optional[Tuple[Optional[:class:`str`], Optional[:class:`int`]]]
              A 2-tuple with the codec and bitrate of the input source.
          """
  
          method = method or 'native'
          executable = executable or 'ffmpeg'
          probefunc = fallback = None
  
          if isinstance(method, str):
              probefunc = getattr(cls, '_probe_codec_' + method, None)
              if probefunc is None:
                  raise AttributeError(f"Invalid probe method {method!r}")
  
              if probefunc is cls._probe_codec_native:
                  fallback = cls._probe_codec_fallback
  
          elif callable(method):
              probefunc = method
              fallback = cls._probe_codec_fallback
          else:
              raise TypeError("Expected str or callable for parameter 'probe', " \
                              f"not '{method.__class__.__name__}'")
  
          codec = bitrate = None
          loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
          try:
              codec, bitrate = await loop.run_in_executor(None, lambda: probefunc(source, executable))  # type: ignore
          except Exception:
              if not fallback:
                  _log.exception("Probe '%s' using '%s' failed", method, executable)
                  return  # type: ignore
  
              _log.exception("Probe '%s' using '%s' failed, trying fallback", method, executable)
              try:
                  codec, bitrate = await loop.run_in_executor(None, lambda: fallback(source, executable))  # type: ignore
              except Exception:
                  _log.exception("Fallback probe using '%s' failed", executable)
              else:
                  _log.info("Fallback probe found codec=%s, bitrate=%s", codec, bitrate)
          else:
              _log.info("Probe found codec=%s, bitrate=%s", codec, bitrate)
          finally:
              return codec, bitrate
  
      @staticmethod
      def _probe_codec_native(source, executable: str = 'ffmpeg') -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
          exe = executable[:2] + 'probe' if executable in {'ffmpeg', 'avconv'} else executable
          args = [exe, '-v', 'quiet', '-print_format', 'json', '-show_streams', '-select_streams', 'a:0', source]
          output = subprocess.check_output(args, timeout=20)
          codec = bitrate = None
  
          if output:
              data = json.loads(output)
              streamdata = data['streams'][0]
  
              codec = streamdata.get('codec_name')
              bitrate = int(streamdata.get('bit_rate', 0))
              bitrate = max(round(bitrate/1000), 512)
  
          return codec, bitrate
  
      @staticmethod
      def _probe_codec_fallback(source, executable: str = 'ffmpeg') -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
          args = [executable, '-hide_banner', '-i',  source]
          proc = subprocess.Popen(args, creationflags=CREATE_NO_WINDOW, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
          out, _ = proc.communicate(timeout=20)
          output = out.decode('utf8')
          codec = bitrate = None
  
          codec_match = re.search(r"Stream #0.*?Audio: (\w+)", output)
          if codec_match:
              codec = codec_match.group(1)
  
          br_match = re.search(r"(\d+) [kK]b/s", output)
          if br_match:
              bitrate = max(int(br_match.group(1)), 512)
  
          return codec, bitrate
  
      def read(self) -> bytes:
          self.check_streams()
          return next(self._packet_iter, b'')
  
      def is_opus(self) -> bool:
          return True
  
  class PCMVolumeTransformer(AudioSource, Generic[AT]):
      """Transforms a previous :class:`AudioSource` to have volume controls.
  
      This does not work on audio sources that have :meth:`AudioSource.is_opus`
      set to ``True``.
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      original: :class:`AudioSource`
          The original AudioSource to transform.
      volume: :class:`float`
          The initial volume to set it to.
          See :attr:`volume` for more info.
  
      Raises
      -------
      TypeError
          Not an audio source.
      ClientException
          The audio source is opus encoded.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, original: AT, volume: float = 1.0):
          if not isinstance(original, AudioSource):
              raise TypeError(f'expected AudioSource not {original.__class__.__name__}.')
  
          if original.is_opus():
              raise ClientException('AudioSource must not be Opus encoded.')
  
          self.original: AT = original
          self.volume = volume
  
      @property
      def volume(self) -> float:
          """Retrieves or sets the volume as a floating point percentage (e.g. ``1.0`` for 100%)."""
          return self._volume
  
      @volume.setter
      def volume(self, value: float) -> None:
          self._volume = max(value, 0.0)
  
      def cleanup(self) -> None:
          self.original.cleanup()
  
      def read(self) -> bytes:
          ret = self.original.read()
          return audioop.mul(ret, 2, min(self._volume, 2.0))
  
  class AudioPlayer(threading.Thread):
      DELAY: float = OpusEncoder.FRAME_LENGTH / 1000.0
  
      def __init__(self, source: AudioSource, client: VoiceClient, *, after=None):
          threading.Thread.__init__(self)
          self.daemon: bool = True
          self.source: AudioSource = source
          self.client: VoiceClient = client
          self.after: Optional[Callable[[Optional[Exception]], Any]] = after
  
          self._end: threading.Event = threading.Event()
          self._resumed: threading.Event = threading.Event()
          self._resumed.set() # we are not paused
          self._current_error: Optional[Exception] = None
          self._connected: threading.Event = client._connected
          self._lock: threading.Lock = threading.Lock()
  
          if after is not None and not callable(after):
              raise TypeError('Expected a callable for the "after" parameter.')
  
      def _do_run(self) -> None:
          self.loops = 0
          self._start = time.perf_counter()
  
          # getattr lookup speed ups
          play_audio = self.client.send_audio_packet
          self._speak(True)
  
          while not self._end.is_set():
              # are we paused?
              if not self._resumed.is_set():
                  # wait until we aren't
                  self._resumed.wait()
                  continue
  
              # are we disconnected from voice?
              if not self._connected.is_set():
                  # wait until we are connected
                  self._connected.wait()
                  # reset our internal data
                  self.loops = 0
                  self._start = time.perf_counter()
  
              self.loops += 1
              data = self.source.read()
  
              if not data:
                  self.stop()
                  break
  
              play_audio(data, encode=not self.source.is_opus())
              next_time = self._start + self.DELAY * self.loops
              delay = max(0, self.DELAY + (next_time - time.perf_counter()))
              time.sleep(delay)
  
      def run(self) -> None:
          try:
              self._do_run()
          except Exception as exc:
              self._current_error = exc
              self.stop()
          finally:
              self.source.cleanup()
              self._call_after()
  
      def _call_after(self) -> None:
          error = self._current_error
  
          if self.after is not None:
              try:
                  self.after(error)
              except Exception as exc:
                  _log.exception('Calling the after function failed.')
                  exc.__context__ = error
                  traceback.print_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__)
          elif error:
              msg = f'Exception in voice thread {self.name}'
              _log.exception(msg, exc_info=error)
              print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
              traceback.print_exception(type(error), error, error.__traceback__)
  
      def stop(self) -> None:
          self._end.set()
          self._resumed.set()
          self._speak(False)
  
      def pause(self, *, update_speaking: bool = True) -> None:
          self._resumed.clear()
          if update_speaking:
              self._speak(False)
  
      def resume(self, *, update_speaking: bool = True) -> None:
          self.loops = 0
          self._start = time.perf_counter()
          self._resumed.set()
          if update_speaking:
              self._speak(True)
  
      def is_playing(self) -> bool:
          return self._resumed.is_set() and not self._end.is_set()
  
      def is_paused(self) -> bool:
          return not self._end.is_set() and not self._resumed.is_set()
  
      def _set_source(self, source: AudioSource) -> None:
          with self._lock:
              self.pause(update_speaking=False)
              self.source = source
              self.resume(update_speaking=False)
  
      def _speak(self, speaking: bool) -> None:
          try:
              asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.client.ws.speak(speaking), self.client.loop)
          except Exception as e:
              _log.info("Speaking call in player failed: %s", e)
  