text: /* Socket module */
  
  /*
  
  This module provides an interface to Berkeley socket IPC.
  
  Limitations:
  
  - Only AF_INET, AF_INET6 and AF_UNIX address families are supported in a
    portable manner, though AF_PACKET, AF_NETLINK and AF_TIPC are supported
    under Linux.
  - No read/write operations (use sendall/recv or makefile instead).
  - Additional restrictions apply on some non-Unix platforms (compensated
    for by socket.py).
  
  Module interface:
  
  - socket.error: exception raised for socket specific errors
  - socket.gaierror: exception raised for getaddrinfo/getnameinfo errors,
      a subclass of socket.error
  - socket.herror: exception raised for gethostby* errors,
      a subclass of socket.error
  - socket.fromfd(fd, family, type[, proto]) --> new socket object (created
      from an existing file descriptor)
  - socket.gethostbyname(hostname) --> host IP address (string: 'dd.dd.dd.dd')
  - socket.gethostbyaddr(IP address) --> (hostname, [alias, ...], [IP addr, ...])
  - socket.gethostname() --> host name (string: 'spam' or 'spam.domain.com')
  - socket.getprotobyname(protocolname) --> protocol number
  - socket.getservbyname(servicename[, protocolname]) --> port number
  - socket.getservbyport(portnumber[, protocolname]) --> service name
  - socket.socket([family[, type [, proto]]]) --> new socket object
  - socket.socketpair([family[, type [, proto]]]) --> (socket, socket)
  - socket.ntohs(16 bit value) --> new int object
  - socket.ntohl(32 bit value) --> new int object
  - socket.htons(16 bit value) --> new int object
  - socket.htonl(32 bit value) --> new int object
  - socket.getaddrinfo(host, port [, family, socktype, proto, flags])
      --> List of (family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr)
  - socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags) --> (host, port)
  - socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, etc.: constants from <socket.h>
  - socket.has_ipv6: boolean value indicating if IPv6 is supported
  - socket.inet_aton(IP address) -> 32-bit packed IP representation
  - socket.inet_ntoa(packed IP) -> IP address string
  - socket.getdefaulttimeout() -> None | float
  - socket.setdefaulttimeout(None | float)
  - an Internet socket address is a pair (hostname, port)
    where hostname can be anything recognized by gethostbyname()
    (including the dd.dd.dd.dd notation) and port is in host byte order
  - where a hostname is returned, the dd.dd.dd.dd notation is used
  - a UNIX domain socket address is a string specifying the pathname
  - an AF_PACKET socket address is a tuple containing a string
    specifying the ethernet interface and an integer specifying
    the Ethernet protocol number to be received. For example:
    ("eth0",0x1234).  Optional 3rd,4th,5th elements in the tuple
    specify packet-type and ha-type/addr.
  - an AF_TIPC socket address is expressed as
   (addr_type, v1, v2, v3 [, scope]); where addr_type can be one of:
      TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ, TIPC_ADDR_NAME, and TIPC_ADDR_ID;
    and scope can be one of:
      TIPC_ZONE_SCOPE, TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE, and TIPC_NODE_SCOPE.
    The meaning of v1, v2 and v3 depends on the value of addr_type:
      if addr_type is TIPC_ADDR_NAME:
          v1 is the server type
          v2 is the port identifier
          v3 is ignored
      if addr_type is TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ:
          v1 is the server type
          v2 is the lower port number
          v3 is the upper port number
      if addr_type is TIPC_ADDR_ID:
          v1 is the node
          v2 is the ref
          v3 is ignored
  
  
  Local naming conventions:
  
  - names starting with sock_ are socket object methods
  - names starting with socket_ are module-level functions
  - names starting with PySocket are exported through socketmodule.h
  
  */
  
  #include <stdbool.h>
  bool IsReusePortAvailable();
  
  #ifndef  SO_REUSEPORT
  #define  SO_REUSEPORT 15
  #endif
  
  #ifdef __APPLE__
  #include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
  /* for getaddrinfo thread safety test on old versions of OS X */
  #ifndef MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5
  #define MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 1050
  #endif
    /*
     * inet_aton is not available on OSX 10.3, yet we want to use a binary
     * that was build on 10.4 or later to work on that release, weak linking
     * comes to the rescue.
     */
  # pragma weak inet_aton
  #endif
  
  #include "Python.h"
  #include "structmember.h"
  #include "timefuncs.h"
  
  #ifndef INVALID_SOCKET /* MS defines this */
  #define INVALID_SOCKET (-1)
  #endif
  
  #undef MAX
  #define MAX(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (y) : (x))
  
  /* Socket object documentation */
  PyDoc_STRVAR(sock_doc,
  "socket([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> socket object\n\
  \n\
  Open a socket of the given type.  The family argument specifies the\n\
  address family; it defaults to AF_INET.  The type argument specifies\n\
  whether this is a stream (SOCK_STREAM, this is the default)\n\
  or datagram (SOCK_DGRAM) socket.  The protocol argument defaults to 0,\n\
  specifying the default protocol.  Keyword arguments are accepted.\n\
  \n\
  A socket object represents one endpoint of a network connection.\n\
  \n\
  Methods of socket objects (keyword arguments not allowed):\n\
  \n\
  accept() -- accept a connection, returning new socket and client address\n\
  bind(addr) -- bind the socket to a local address\n\
  close() -- close the socket\n\
  connect(addr) -- connect the socket to a remote address\n\
  connect_ex(addr) -- connect, return an error code instead of an exception\n\
  dup() -- return a new socket object identical to the current one [*]\n\
  fileno() -- return underlying file descriptor\n\
  getpeername() -- return remote address [*]\n\
  getsockname() -- return local address\n\
  getsockopt(level, optname[, buflen]) -- get socket options\n\
  gettimeout() -- return timeout or None\n\
  listen(n) -- start listening for incoming connections\n\
  makefile([mode, [bufsize]]) -- return a file object for the socket [*]\n\
  recv(buflen[, flags]) -- receive data\n\
  recv_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) -- receive data (into a buffer)\n\
  recvfrom(buflen[, flags]) -- receive data and sender\'s address\n\
  recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes, [, flags])\n\
    -- receive data and sender\'s address (into a buffer)\n\
  sendall(data[, flags]) -- send all data\n\
  send(data[, flags]) -- send data, may not send all of it\n\
  sendto(data[, flags], addr) -- send data to a given address\n\
  setblocking(0 | 1) -- set or clear the blocking I/O flag\n\
  setsockopt(level, optname, value) -- set socket options\n\
  settimeout(None | float) -- set or clear the timeout\n\
  shutdown(how) -- shut down traffic in one or both directions\n\
  \n\
   [*] not available on all platforms!");
  
  /* XXX This is a terrible mess of platform-dependent preprocessor hacks.
     I hope some day someone can clean this up please... */
  
  /* Hacks for gethostbyname_r().  On some non-Linux platforms, the configure
     script doesn't get this right, so we hardcode some platform checks below.
     On the other hand, not all Linux versions agree, so there the settings
     computed by the configure script are needed! */
  
  #ifndef linux
  # undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG
  # undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_5_ARG
  # undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_6_ARG
  #endif
  
  #ifndef WITH_THREAD
  # undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
  # if defined(_AIX) && !defined(_LINUX_SOURCE_COMPAT) || defined(__osf__)
  #  define HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG
  # elif defined(__sun) || defined(__sgi)
  #  define HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_5_ARG
  # elif defined(linux)
  /* Rely on the configure script */
  # elif defined(_LINUX_SOURCE_COMPAT) /* Linux compatibility on AIX */
  #  define HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_6_ARG
  # else
  #  undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
  # endif
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R) && defined(WITH_THREAD) && \
      !defined(MS_WINDOWS)
  # define USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK
  #endif
  
  /* To use __FreeBSD_version, __OpenBSD__, and __NetBSD_Version__ */
  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
  #include <sys/param.h>
  #endif
  /* On systems on which getaddrinfo() is believed to not be thread-safe,
     (this includes the getaddrinfo emulation) protect access with a lock.
  
     getaddrinfo is thread-safe on Mac OS X 10.5 and later. Originally it was
     a mix of code including an unsafe implementation from an old BSD's
     libresolv. In 10.5 Apple reimplemented it as a safe IPC call to the
     mDNSResponder process. 10.5 is the first be UNIX '03 certified, which
     includes the requirement that getaddrinfo be thread-safe. See issue #25924.
  
     It's thread-safe in OpenBSD starting with 5.4, released Nov 2013:
     http://www.openbsd.org/plus54.html
  
     It's thread-safe in NetBSD starting with 4.0, released Dec 2007:
  
  http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/src/lib/libc/net/getaddrinfo.c.diff?r1=1.82&r2=1.83
  */
  #if defined(WITH_THREAD) && ( \
      (defined(__APPLE__) && \
          MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5) || \
      (defined(__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD_version+0 < 503000) || \
      (defined(__OpenBSD__) && OpenBSD+0 < 201311) || \
      (defined(__NetBSD__) && __NetBSD_Version__+0 < 400000000) || \
      defined(__VMS) || !defined(HAVE_GETADDRINFO))
  #define USE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
  #endif
  
  #ifdef USE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
  #define ACQUIRE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK PyThread_acquire_lock(netdb_lock, 1);
  #define RELEASE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK PyThread_release_lock(netdb_lock);
  #else
  #define ACQUIRE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
  #define RELEASE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
  #endif
  
  #if defined(USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK) || defined(USE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK)
  # include "pythread.h"
  #endif
  
  #if defined(PYCC_VACPP)
  # include <types.h>
  # include <io.h>
  # include <sys/ioctl.h>
  # include <utils.h>
  # include <ctype.h>
  #endif
  
  #if defined(__VMS)
  #  include <ioctl.h>
  #endif
  
  #if defined(PYOS_OS2)
  # define  INCL_DOS
  # define  INCL_DOSERRORS
  # define  INCL_NOPMAPI
  # include <os2.h>
  #endif
  
  #if defined(__sgi) && _COMPILER_VERSION>700 && !_SGIAPI
  /* make sure that the reentrant (gethostbyaddr_r etc)
     functions are declared correctly if compiling with
     MIPSPro 7.x in ANSI C mode (default) */
  
  /* XXX Using _SGIAPI is the wrong thing,
     but I don't know what the right thing is. */
  #undef _SGIAPI /* to avoid warning */
  #define _SGIAPI 1
  
  #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
  #include <sys/socket.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <netinet/in.h>
  #ifdef _SS_ALIGNSIZE
  #define HAVE_GETADDRINFO 1
  #define HAVE_GETNAMEINFO 1
  #endif
  
  #define HAVE_INET_PTON
  #include <netdb.h>
  #endif
  
  /* Irix 6.5 fails to define this variable at all. This is needed
     for both GCC and SGI's compiler. I'd say that the SGI headers
     are just busted. Same thing for Solaris. */
  #if (defined(__sgi) || defined(sun)) && !defined(INET_ADDRSTRLEN)
  #define INET_ADDRSTRLEN 16
  #endif
  
  /* Generic includes */
  #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #endif
  
  /* Generic socket object definitions and includes */
  #define PySocket_BUILDING_SOCKET
  #include "socketmodule.h"
  
  /* Addressing includes */
  
  #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
  
  /* Non-MS WINDOWS includes */
  # include <netdb.h>
  
  /* Headers needed for inet_ntoa() and inet_addr() */
  # ifdef __BEOS__
  #  include <net/netdb.h>
  # elif defined(PYOS_OS2) && defined(PYCC_VACPP)
  #  include <netdb.h>
  typedef size_t socklen_t;
  # else
  #   include <arpa/inet.h>
  # endif
  
  # ifndef RISCOS
  #  include <fcntl.h>
  # else
  #  include <sys/ioctl.h>
  #  include <socklib.h>
  #  define NO_DUP
  int h_errno; /* not used */
  #  define INET_ADDRSTRLEN 16
  # endif
  
  #else
  
  /* MS_WINDOWS includes */
  # ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
  #  include <fcntl.h>
  # endif
  
  #endif
  
  #include <stddef.h>
  
  #ifndef offsetof
  # define offsetof(type, member) ((size_t)(&((type *)0)->member))
  #endif
  
  #ifndef O_NONBLOCK
  # define O_NONBLOCK O_NDELAY
  #endif
  
  /* include Python's addrinfo.h unless it causes trouble */
  #if defined(__sgi) && _COMPILER_VERSION>700 && defined(_SS_ALIGNSIZE)
    /* Do not include addinfo.h on some newer IRIX versions.
     * _SS_ALIGNSIZE is defined in sys/socket.h by 6.5.21,
     * for example, but not by 6.5.10.
     */
  #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>1201
    /* Do not include addrinfo.h for MSVC7 or greater. 'addrinfo' and
     * EAI_* constants are defined in (the already included) ws2tcpip.h.
     */
  #else
  #  include "addrinfo.h"
  #endif
  
  #ifndef HAVE_INET_PTON
  #if !defined(NTDDI_VERSION) || (NTDDI_VERSION < NTDDI_LONGHORN)
  int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
  const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, socklen_t size);
  #endif
  #endif
  
  #ifdef __APPLE__
  /* On OS X, getaddrinfo returns no error indication of lookup
     failure, so we must use the emulation instead of the libinfo
     implementation. Unfortunately, performing an autoconf test
     for this bug would require DNS access for the machine performing
     the configuration, which is not acceptable. Therefore, we
     determine the bug just by checking for __APPLE__. If this bug
     gets ever fixed, perhaps checking for sys/version.h would be
     appropriate, which is 10/0 on the system with the bug. */
  #ifndef HAVE_GETNAMEINFO
  /* This bug seems to be fixed in Jaguar. Ths easiest way I could
     Find to check for Jaguar is that it has getnameinfo(), which
     older releases don't have */
  #undef HAVE_GETADDRINFO
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_INET_ATON
  #define USE_INET_ATON_WEAKLINK
  #endif
  
  #endif
  
  /* I know this is a bad practice, but it is the easiest... */
  #if !defined(HAVE_GETADDRINFO)
  /* avoid clashes with the C library definition of the symbol. */
  #define getaddrinfo fake_getaddrinfo
  #define gai_strerror fake_gai_strerror
  #define freeaddrinfo fake_freeaddrinfo
  #include "getaddrinfo.c"
  #endif
  #if !defined(HAVE_GETNAMEINFO)
  #define getnameinfo fake_getnameinfo
  #include "getnameinfo.c"
  #endif
  
  #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__BEOS__)
  /* BeOS suffers from the same socket dichotomy as Win32... - [cjh] */
  /* seem to be a few differences in the API */
  #define SOCKETCLOSE closesocket
  #define NO_DUP /* Actually it exists on NT 3.5, but what the heck... */
  #endif
  
  #ifdef MS_WIN32
  #define EAFNOSUPPORT WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
  #define snprintf _snprintf
  #endif
  
  #if defined(PYOS_OS2) && !defined(PYCC_GCC)
  #define SOCKETCLOSE soclose
  #define NO_DUP /* Sockets are Not Actual File Handles under OS/2 */
  #endif
  
  #ifndef SOCKETCLOSE
  #define SOCKETCLOSE close
  #endif
  
  #if (defined(HAVE_BLUETOOTH_H) || defined(HAVE_BLUETOOTH_BLUETOOTH_H)) && !defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__DragonFly__)
  #define USE_BLUETOOTH 1
  #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
  #define BTPROTO_L2CAP BLUETOOTH_PROTO_L2CAP
  #define BTPROTO_RFCOMM BLUETOOTH_PROTO_RFCOMM
  #define BTPROTO_HCI BLUETOOTH_PROTO_HCI
  #define SOL_HCI SOL_HCI_RAW
  #define HCI_FILTER SO_HCI_RAW_FILTER
  #define sockaddr_l2 sockaddr_l2cap
  #define sockaddr_rc sockaddr_rfcomm
  #define hci_dev hci_node
  #define _BT_L2_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->l2cap_##memb)
  #define _BT_RC_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->rfcomm_##memb)
  #define _BT_HCI_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->hci_##memb)
  #elif defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
  #define sockaddr_l2 sockaddr_bt
  #define sockaddr_rc sockaddr_bt
  #define sockaddr_hci sockaddr_bt
  #define sockaddr_sco sockaddr_bt
  #define SOL_HCI BTPROTO_HCI
  #define HCI_DATA_DIR SO_HCI_DIRECTION
  #define _BT_L2_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->bt_##memb)
  #define _BT_RC_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->bt_##memb)
  #define _BT_HCI_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->bt_##memb)
  #define _BT_SCO_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->bt_##memb)
  #else
  #define _BT_L2_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->l2_##memb)
  #define _BT_RC_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->rc_##memb)
  #define _BT_HCI_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->hci_##memb)
  #define _BT_SCO_MEMB(sa, memb) ((sa)->sco_##memb)
  #endif
  #endif
  
  #ifdef __VMS
  /* TCP/IP Services for VMS uses a maximum send/recv buffer length */
  #define SEGMENT_SIZE (32 * 1024 -1)
  #endif
  
  #define SAS2SA(x)       ((struct sockaddr *)(x))
  
  /*
   * Constants for getnameinfo()
   */
  #if !defined(NI_MAXHOST)
  #define NI_MAXHOST 1025
  #endif
  #if !defined(NI_MAXSERV)
  #define NI_MAXSERV 32
  #endif
  
  /* XXX There's a problem here: *static* functions are not supposed to have
     a Py prefix (or use CapitalizedWords).  Later... */
  
  /* Global variable holding the exception type for errors detected
     by this module (but not argument type or memory errors, etc.). */
  static PyObject *socket_error;
  static PyObject *socket_herror;
  static PyObject *socket_gaierror;
  static PyObject *socket_timeout;
  
  #ifdef RISCOS
  /* Global variable which is !=0 if Python is running in a RISC OS taskwindow */
  static int taskwindow;
  #endif
  
  /* A forward reference to the socket type object.
     The sock_type variable contains pointers to various functions,
     some of which call new_sockobject(), which uses sock_type, so
     there has to be a circular reference. */
  static PyTypeObject sock_type;
  
  #if defined(HAVE_POLL_H)
  #include <poll.h>
  #elif defined(HAVE_SYS_POLL_H)
  #include <sys/poll.h>
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_POLL
  /* Instead of select(), we'll use poll() since poll() works on any fd. */
  #define IS_SELECTABLE(s) 1
  /* Can we call select() with this socket without a buffer overrun? */
  #else
  /* If there's no timeout left, we don't have to call select, so it's a safe,
   * little white lie. */
  #define IS_SELECTABLE(s) (_PyIsSelectable_fd((s)->sock_fd) || (s)->sock_timeout <= 0.0)
  #endif
  
  static PyObject*
  select_error(void)
  {
      PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "unable to select on socket");
      return NULL;
  }
  
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
  #ifndef WSAEAGAIN
  #define WSAEAGAIN WSAEWOULDBLOCK
  #endif
  #define CHECK_ERRNO(expected) \
      (WSAGetLastError() == WSA ## expected)
  #else
  #define CHECK_ERRNO(expected) \
      (errno == expected)
  #endif
  
  /* Convenience function to raise an error according to errno
     and return a NULL pointer from a function. */
  
  static PyObject *
  set_error(void)
  {
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
      int err_no = WSAGetLastError();
      /* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr() invokes FormatMessage() which
         recognizes the error codes used by both GetLastError() and
         WSAGetLastError */
      if (err_no)
          return PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr(socket_error, err_no);
  #endif
  
  #if defined(PYOS_OS2) && !defined(PYCC_GCC)
      if (sock_errno() != NO_ERROR) {
          APIRET rc;
          ULONG  msglen;
          char outbuf[100];
          int myerrorcode = sock_errno();
  
          /* Retrieve socket-related error message from MPTN.MSG file */
          rc = DosGetMessage(NULL, 0, outbuf, sizeof(outbuf),
                             myerrorcode - SOCBASEERR + 26,
                             "mptn.msg",
                             &msglen);
          if (rc == NO_ERROR) {
              PyObject *v;
  
              /* OS/2 doesn't guarantee a terminator */
              outbuf[msglen] = '\0';
              if (strlen(outbuf) > 0) {
                  /* If non-empty msg, trim CRLF */
                  char *lastc = &outbuf[ strlen(outbuf)-1 ];
                  while (lastc > outbuf &&
                         isspace(Py_CHARMASK(*lastc))) {
                      /* Trim trailing whitespace (CRLF) */
                      *lastc-- = '\0';
                  }
              }
              v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", myerrorcode, outbuf);
              if (v != NULL) {
                  PyErr_SetObject(socket_error, v);
                  Py_DECREF(v);
              }
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  #endif
  
  #if defined(RISCOS)
      if (_inet_error.errnum != NULL) {
          PyObject *v;
          v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", errno, _inet_err());
          if (v != NULL) {
              PyErr_SetObject(socket_error, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
          }
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
  
      return PyErr_SetFromErrno(socket_error);
  }
  
  
  static PyObject *
  set_herror(int h_error)
  {
      PyObject *v;
  
  #ifdef HAVE_HSTRERROR
      v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", h_error, (char *)hstrerror(h_error));
  #else
      v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", h_error, "host not found");
  #endif
      if (v != NULL) {
          PyErr_SetObject(socket_herror, v);
          Py_DECREF(v);
      }
  
      return NULL;
  }
  
  
  static PyObject *
  set_gaierror(int error)
  {
      PyObject *v;
  
  #ifdef EAI_SYSTEM
      /* EAI_SYSTEM is not available on Windows XP. */
      if (error == EAI_SYSTEM)
          return set_error();
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_GAI_STRERROR
      v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", error, gai_strerror(error));
  #else
      v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", error, "getaddrinfo failed");
  #endif
      if (v != NULL) {
          PyErr_SetObject(socket_gaierror, v);
          Py_DECREF(v);
      }
  
      return NULL;
  }
  
  #ifdef __VMS
  /* Function to send in segments */
  static int
  sendsegmented(int sock_fd, char *buf, int len, int flags)
  {
      int n = 0;
      int remaining = len;
  
      while (remaining > 0) {
          unsigned int segment;
  
          segment = (remaining >= SEGMENT_SIZE ? SEGMENT_SIZE : remaining);
          n = send(sock_fd, buf, segment, flags);
          if (n < 0) {
              return n;
          }
          remaining -= segment;
          buf += segment;
      } /* end while */
  
      return len;
  }
  #endif
  
  /* Function to perform the setting of socket blocking mode
     internally. block = (1 | 0). */
  static int
  internal_setblocking(PySocketSockObject *s, int block)
  {
  #ifndef RISCOS
  #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
      int delay_flag;
  #endif
  #endif
  
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
  #ifdef __BEOS__
      block = !block;
      setsockopt(s->sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NONBLOCK,
                 (void *)(&block), sizeof(int));
  #else
  #ifndef RISCOS
  #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
  #if defined(PYOS_OS2) && !defined(PYCC_GCC)
      block = !block;
      ioctl(s->sock_fd, FIONBIO, (caddr_t)&block, sizeof(block));
  #elif defined(__VMS)
      block = !block;
      ioctl(s->sock_fd, FIONBIO, (unsigned int *)&block);
  #else  /* !PYOS_OS2 && !__VMS */
      delay_flag = fcntl(s->sock_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
      if (block)
          delay_flag &= (~O_NONBLOCK);
      else
          delay_flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
      fcntl(s->sock_fd, F_SETFL, delay_flag);
  #endif /* !PYOS_OS2 */
  #else /* MS_WINDOWS */
      block = !block;
      ioctlsocket(s->sock_fd, FIONBIO, (u_long*)&block);
  #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
  #else /* RISCOS */
      block = !block;
      socketioctl(s->sock_fd, FIONBIO, (u_long*)&block);
  #endif /* RISCOS */
  #endif /* __BEOS__ */
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      /* Since these don't return anything */
      return 1;
  }
  
  /* Do a select()/poll() on the socket, if necessary (sock_timeout > 0).
     The argument writing indicates the direction.
     This does not raise an exception; we'll let our caller do that
     after they've reacquired the interpreter lock.
     Returns 1 on timeout, -1 on error, 0 otherwise. */
  static int
  internal_select_ex(PySocketSockObject *s, int writing, double interval)
  {
      int n;
  
      /* Nothing to do unless we're in timeout mode (not non-blocking) */
      if (s->sock_timeout <= 0.0)
          return 0;
  
      /* Guard against closed socket */
      if (s->sock_fd < 0)
          return 0;
  
      /* Handling this condition here simplifies the select loops */
      if (interval < 0.0)
          return 1;
  
      /* Prefer poll, if available, since you can poll() any fd
       * which can't be done with select(). */
  #ifdef HAVE_POLL
      {
          struct pollfd pollfd;
          int timeout;
  
          pollfd.fd = s->sock_fd;
          pollfd.events = writing ? POLLOUT : POLLIN;
  
          /* s->sock_timeout is in seconds, timeout in ms */
          timeout = (int)(interval * 1000 + 0.5);
          n = poll(&pollfd, 1, timeout);
      }
  #else
      {
          /* Construct the arguments to select */
          fd_set fds;
          struct timeval tv;
          tv.tv_sec = (int)interval;
          tv.tv_usec = (int)((interval - tv.tv_sec) * 1e6);
          FD_ZERO(&fds);
          FD_SET(s->sock_fd, &fds);
  
          /* See if the socket is ready */
          if (writing)
              n = select(s->sock_fd+1, NULL, &fds, NULL, &tv);
          else
              n = select(s->sock_fd+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
      }
  #endif
  
      if (n < 0)
          return -1;
      if (n == 0)
          return 1;
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int
  internal_select(PySocketSockObject *s, int writing)
  {
      return internal_select_ex(s, writing, s->sock_timeout);
  }
  
  /*
     Two macros for automatic retry of select() in case of false positives
     (for example, select() could indicate a socket is ready for reading
      but the data then discarded by the OS because of a wrong checksum).
     Here is an example of use:
  
      BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 0, interval);
      if (!timeout)
          outlen = recv(s->sock_fd, cbuf, len, flags);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return -1;
      }
      END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
  */
  #define BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s) \
      { \
          double deadline = 0, interval = s->sock_timeout; \
          int has_timeout = s->sock_timeout > 0.0; \
          if (has_timeout) { \
              deadline = _PyTime_FloatTime() + s->sock_timeout; \
          } \
          while (1) { \
              errno = 0;
  
  #define END_SELECT_LOOP(s) \
              if (!has_timeout || \
                  (!CHECK_ERRNO(EWOULDBLOCK) && !CHECK_ERRNO(EAGAIN))) \
                  break; \
              interval = deadline - _PyTime_FloatTime(); \
          } \
      }
  
  /* Initialize a new socket object. */
  
  static double defaulttimeout = -1.0; /* Default timeout for new sockets */
  
  PyMODINIT_FUNC
  init_sockobject(PySocketSockObject *s,
                  SOCKET_T fd, int family, int type, int proto)
  {
  #ifdef RISCOS
      int block = 1;
  #endif
      s->sock_fd = fd;
      s->sock_family = family;
      s->sock_type = type;
      s->sock_proto = proto;
      s->sock_timeout = defaulttimeout;
  
      s->errorhandler = &set_error;
  
      if (defaulttimeout >= 0.0)
          internal_setblocking(s, 0);
  
  #ifdef RISCOS
      if (taskwindow)
          socketioctl(s->sock_fd, 0x80046679, (u_long*)&block);
  #endif
  }
  
  
  /* Create a new socket object.
     This just creates the object and initializes it.
     If the creation fails, return NULL and set an exception (implicit
     in NEWOBJ()). */
  
  static PySocketSockObject *
  new_sockobject(SOCKET_T fd, int family, int type, int proto)
  {
      PySocketSockObject *s;
      s = (PySocketSockObject *)
          PyType_GenericNew(&sock_type, NULL, NULL);
      if (s != NULL)
          init_sockobject(s, fd, family, type, proto);
      return s;
  }
  
  
  /* Lock to allow python interpreter to continue, but only allow one
     thread to be in gethostbyname or getaddrinfo */
  #if defined(USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK) || defined(USE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK)
  static PyThread_type_lock netdb_lock;
  #endif
  
  
  /* Convert a string specifying a host name or one of a few symbolic
     names to a numeric IP address.  This usually calls gethostbyname()
     to do the work; the names "" and "<broadcast>" are special.
     Return the length (IPv4 should be 4 bytes), or negative if
     an error occurred; then an exception is raised. */
  
  static int
  setipaddr(char *name, struct sockaddr *addr_ret, size_t addr_ret_size, int af)
  {
      struct addrinfo hints, *res;
      int error;
      int d1, d2, d3, d4;
      char ch;
  
      memset((void *) addr_ret, '\0', sizeof(*addr_ret));
      if (name[0] == '\0') {
          int siz;
          memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
          hints.ai_family = af;
          hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;         /*dummy*/
          hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
          Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
          ACQUIRE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
          error = getaddrinfo(NULL, "0", &hints, &res);
          Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
          /* We assume that those thread-unsafe getaddrinfo() versions
             *are* safe regarding their return value, ie. that a
             subsequent call to getaddrinfo() does not destroy the
             outcome of the first call. */
          RELEASE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
          if (error) {
              set_gaierror(error);
              return -1;
          }
          switch (res->ai_family) {
          case AF_INET:
              siz = 4;
              break;
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
          case AF_INET6:
              siz = 16;
              break;
  #endif
          default:
              freeaddrinfo(res);
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                  "unsupported address family");
              return -1;
          }
          if (res->ai_next) {
              freeaddrinfo(res);
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                  "wildcard resolved to multiple address");
              return -1;
          }
          if (res->ai_addrlen < addr_ret_size)
              addr_ret_size = res->ai_addrlen;
          memcpy(addr_ret, res->ai_addr, addr_ret_size);
          freeaddrinfo(res);
          return siz;
      }
      if (name[0] == '<' && strcmp(name, "<broadcast>") == 0) {
          struct sockaddr_in *sin;
          if (af != AF_INET && af != AF_UNSPEC) {
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                  "address family mismatched");
              return -1;
          }
          sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)addr_ret;
          memset((void *) sin, '\0', sizeof(*sin));
          sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
          sin->sin_len = sizeof(*sin);
  #endif
          sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_BROADCAST;
          return sizeof(sin->sin_addr);
      }
      if (sscanf(name, "%d.%d.%d.%d%c", &d1, &d2, &d3, &d4, &ch) == 4 &&
          0 <= d1 && d1 <= 255 && 0 <= d2 && d2 <= 255 &&
          0 <= d3 && d3 <= 255 && 0 <= d4 && d4 <= 255) {
          struct sockaddr_in *sin;
          sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)addr_ret;
          sin->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(
              ((long) d1 << 24) | ((long) d2 << 16) |
              ((long) d3 << 8) | ((long) d4 << 0));
          sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
          sin->sin_len = sizeof(*sin);
  #endif
          return 4;
      }
      memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
      hints.ai_family = af;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      ACQUIRE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
      error = getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &res);
  #if defined(__digital__) && defined(__unix__)
      if (error == EAI_NONAME && af == AF_UNSPEC) {
          /* On Tru64 V5.1, numeric-to-addr conversion fails
             if no address family is given. Assume IPv4 for now.*/
          hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
          error = getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &res);
      }
  #endif
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      RELEASE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK  /* see comment in setipaddr() */
      if (error) {
          set_gaierror(error);
          return -1;
      }
      if (res->ai_addrlen < addr_ret_size)
          addr_ret_size = res->ai_addrlen;
      memcpy((char *) addr_ret, res->ai_addr, addr_ret_size);
      freeaddrinfo(res);
      switch (addr_ret->sa_family) {
      case AF_INET:
          return 4;
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
          return 16;
  #endif
      default:
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "unknown address family");
          return -1;
      }
  }
  
  
  /* Create a string object representing an IP address.
     This is always a string of the form 'dd.dd.dd.dd' (with variable
     size numbers). */
  
  static PyObject *
  makeipaddr(struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
  {
      char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
      int error;
  
      error = getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0,
          NI_NUMERICHOST);
      if (error) {
          set_gaierror(error);
          return NULL;
      }
      return PyString_FromString(buf);
  }
  
  
  #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH
  /* Convert a string representation of a Bluetooth address into a numeric
     address.  Returns the length (6), or raises an exception and returns -1 if
     an error occurred. */
  
  static int
  setbdaddr(const char *name, bdaddr_t *bdaddr)
  {
      unsigned int b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5;
      char ch;
      int n;
  
      n = sscanf(name, "%X:%X:%X:%X:%X:%X%c",
                 &b5, &b4, &b3, &b2, &b1, &b0, &ch);
      if (n == 6 && (b0 | b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | b5) < 256) {
          bdaddr->b[0] = b0;
          bdaddr->b[1] = b1;
          bdaddr->b[2] = b2;
          bdaddr->b[3] = b3;
          bdaddr->b[4] = b4;
          bdaddr->b[5] = b5;
          return 6;
      } else {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "bad bluetooth address");
          return -1;
      }
  }
  
  /* Create a string representation of the Bluetooth address.  This is always a
     string of the form 'XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX' where XX is a two digit hexadecimal
     value (zero padded if necessary). */
  
  static PyObject *
  makebdaddr(bdaddr_t *bdaddr)
  {
      char buf[(6 * 2) + 5 + 1];
  
      sprintf(buf, "%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",
          bdaddr->b[5], bdaddr->b[4], bdaddr->b[3],
          bdaddr->b[2], bdaddr->b[1], bdaddr->b[0]);
      return PyString_FromString(buf);
  }
  #endif
  
  
  /* Create an object representing the given socket address,
     suitable for passing it back to bind(), connect() etc.
     The family field of the sockaddr structure is inspected
     to determine what kind of address it really is. */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  makesockaddr(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen, int proto)
  {
      if (addrlen == 0) {
          /* No address -- may be recvfrom() from known socket */
          Py_INCREF(Py_None);
          return Py_None;
      }
  
  #ifdef __BEOS__
      /* XXX: BeOS version of accept() doesn't set family correctly */
      addr->sa_family = AF_INET;
  #endif /* __BEOS__ */
  
      switch (addr->sa_family) {
  
      case AF_INET:
      {
          struct sockaddr_in *a;
          PyObject *addrobj = makeipaddr(addr, sizeof(*a));
          PyObject *ret = NULL;
          if (addrobj) {
              a = (struct sockaddr_in *)addr;
              ret = Py_BuildValue("Oi", addrobj, ntohs(a->sin_port));
              Py_DECREF(addrobj);
          }
          return ret;
      }
  
  #if defined(AF_UNIX)
      case AF_UNIX:
      {
          struct sockaddr_un *a = (struct sockaddr_un *) addr;
  #ifdef linux
          if (a->sun_path[0] == 0) {  /* Linux abstract namespace */
              addrlen -= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
              return PyString_FromStringAndSize(a->sun_path,
                                                addrlen);
          }
          else
  #endif /* linux */
          {
              /* regular NULL-terminated string */
              return PyString_FromString(a->sun_path);
          }
      }
  #endif /* AF_UNIX */
  
  #if defined(AF_NETLINK)
         case AF_NETLINK:
         {
             struct sockaddr_nl *a = (struct sockaddr_nl *) addr;
             return Py_BuildValue("II", a->nl_pid, a->nl_groups);
         }
  #endif /* AF_NETLINK */
  
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
      {
          struct sockaddr_in6 *a;
          PyObject *addrobj = makeipaddr(addr, sizeof(*a));
          PyObject *ret = NULL;
          if (addrobj) {
              a = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr;
              ret = Py_BuildValue("OiII",
                                  addrobj,
                                  ntohs(a->sin6_port),
                                  ntohl(a->sin6_flowinfo),
                                  a->sin6_scope_id);
              Py_DECREF(addrobj);
          }
          return ret;
      }
  #endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */
  
  #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH
      case AF_BLUETOOTH:
          switch (proto) {
  
          case BTPROTO_L2CAP:
          {
              struct sockaddr_l2 *a = (struct sockaddr_l2 *) addr;
              PyObject *addrobj = makebdaddr(&_BT_L2_MEMB(a, bdaddr));
              PyObject *ret = NULL;
              if (addrobj) {
                  ret = Py_BuildValue("Oi",
                                      addrobj,
                                      _BT_L2_MEMB(a, psm));
                  Py_DECREF(addrobj);
              }
              return ret;
          }
  
          case BTPROTO_RFCOMM:
          {
              struct sockaddr_rc *a = (struct sockaddr_rc *) addr;
              PyObject *addrobj = makebdaddr(&_BT_RC_MEMB(a, bdaddr));
              PyObject *ret = NULL;
              if (addrobj) {
                  ret = Py_BuildValue("Oi",
                                      addrobj,
                                      _BT_RC_MEMB(a, channel));
                  Py_DECREF(addrobj);
              }
              return ret;
          }
  
          case BTPROTO_HCI:
          {
              struct sockaddr_hci *a = (struct sockaddr_hci *) addr;
  #if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
              return makebdaddr(&_BT_HCI_MEMB(a, bdaddr));
  #else /* __NetBSD__ || __DragonFly__ */
              PyObject *ret = NULL;
              ret = Py_BuildValue("i", _BT_HCI_MEMB(a, dev));
              return ret;
  #endif /* !(__NetBSD__ || __DragonFly__) */
          }
  
  #if !defined(__FreeBSD__)
          case BTPROTO_SCO:
          {
              struct sockaddr_sco *a = (struct sockaddr_sco *) addr;
              return makebdaddr(&_BT_SCO_MEMB(a, bdaddr));
          }
  #endif /* !__FreeBSD__ */
  
          default:
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                              "Unknown Bluetooth protocol");
              return NULL;
          }
  #endif /* USE_BLUETOOTH */
  
  #if defined(HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H) && defined(SIOCGIFNAME)
      case AF_PACKET:
      {
          struct sockaddr_ll *a = (struct sockaddr_ll *)addr;
          const char *ifname = "";
          struct ifreq ifr;
          /* need to look up interface name give index */
          if (a->sll_ifindex) {
              ifr.ifr_ifindex = a->sll_ifindex;
              if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFNAME, &ifr) == 0)
                  ifname = ifr.ifr_name;
          }
          return Py_BuildValue("shbhs#",
                               ifname,
                               ntohs(a->sll_protocol),
                               a->sll_pkttype,
                               a->sll_hatype,
                               a->sll_addr,
                               a->sll_halen);
      }
  #endif /* HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H && SIOCGIFNAME */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H
      case AF_TIPC:
      {
          struct sockaddr_tipc *a = (struct sockaddr_tipc *) addr;
          if (a->addrtype == TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ) {
              return Py_BuildValue("IIIII",
                              a->addrtype,
                              a->addr.nameseq.type,
                              a->addr.nameseq.lower,
                              a->addr.nameseq.upper,
                              a->scope);
          } else if (a->addrtype == TIPC_ADDR_NAME) {
              return Py_BuildValue("IIIII",
                              a->addrtype,
                              a->addr.name.name.type,
                              a->addr.name.name.instance,
                              a->addr.name.name.instance,
                              a->scope);
          } else if (a->addrtype == TIPC_ADDR_ID) {
              return Py_BuildValue("IIIII",
                              a->addrtype,
                              a->addr.id.node,
                              a->addr.id.ref,
                              0,
                              a->scope);
          } else {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                              "Invalid address type");
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  #endif /* HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H */
  
      /* More cases here... */
  
      default:
          /* If we don't know the address family, don't raise an
             exception -- return it as a tuple. */
          return Py_BuildValue("is#",
                               addr->sa_family,
                               addr->sa_data,
                               sizeof(addr->sa_data));
  
      }
  }
  
  
  /* Parse a socket address argument according to the socket object's
     address family.  Return 1 if the address was in the proper format,
     0 of not.  The address is returned through addr_ret, its length
     through len_ret. */
  
  static int
  getsockaddrarg(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args,
                 struct sockaddr *addr_ret, int *len_ret)
  {
      switch (s->sock_family) {
  
  #if defined(AF_UNIX)
      case AF_UNIX:
      {
          struct sockaddr_un* addr;
          char *path;
          int len;
          if (!PyArg_Parse(args, "t#", &path, &len))
              return 0;
  
          addr = (struct sockaddr_un*)addr_ret;
  #ifdef linux
          if (len > 0 && path[0] == 0) {
              /* Linux abstract namespace extension */
              if (len > sizeof addr->sun_path) {
                  PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                                  "AF_UNIX path too long");
                  return 0;
              }
          }
          else
  #endif /* linux */
          {
              /* regular NULL-terminated string */
              if (len >= sizeof addr->sun_path) {
                  PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                                  "AF_UNIX path too long");
                  return 0;
              }
              addr->sun_path[len] = 0;
          }
          addr->sun_family = s->sock_family;
          memcpy(addr->sun_path, path, len);
  #if defined(PYOS_OS2)
          *len_ret = sizeof(*addr);
  #else /* PYOS_OS2 */
          *len_ret = len + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
  #endif /* !PYOS_OS2 */
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* AF_UNIX */
  
  #if defined(AF_NETLINK)
      case AF_NETLINK:
      {
          struct sockaddr_nl* addr;
          int pid, groups;
          addr = (struct sockaddr_nl *)addr_ret;
          if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
              PyErr_Format(
                  PyExc_TypeError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: "
                  "AF_NETLINK address must be tuple, not %.500s",
                  Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
              return 0;
          }
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "II:getsockaddrarg", &pid, &groups))
              return 0;
          addr->nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
          addr->nl_pid = pid;
          addr->nl_groups = groups;
          *len_ret = sizeof(*addr);
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* AF_NETLINK */
  
      case AF_INET:
      {
          struct sockaddr_in* addr;
          char *host;
          int port, result;
          if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
              PyErr_Format(
                  PyExc_TypeError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: "
                  "AF_INET address must be tuple, not %.500s",
                  Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
              return 0;
          }
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti:getsockaddrarg",
                                "idna", &host, &port))
              return 0;
          addr=(struct sockaddr_in*)addr_ret;
          result = setipaddr(host, (struct sockaddr *)addr,
                             sizeof(*addr),  AF_INET);
          PyMem_Free(host);
          if (result < 0)
              return 0;
          if (port < 0 || port > 0xffff) {
              PyErr_SetString(
                  PyExc_OverflowError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: port must be 0-65535.");
              return 0;
          }
          addr->sin_family = AF_INET;
          addr->sin_port = htons((short)port);
          *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
          return 1;
      }
  
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
      {
          struct sockaddr_in6* addr;
          char *host;
          int port, result;
          unsigned int flowinfo, scope_id;
          flowinfo = scope_id = 0;
          if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
              PyErr_Format(
                  PyExc_TypeError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: "
                  "AF_INET6 address must be tuple, not %.500s",
                  Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
              return 0;
          }
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti|II",
                                "idna", &host, &port, &flowinfo,
                                &scope_id)) {
              return 0;
          }
          addr = (struct sockaddr_in6*)addr_ret;
          result = setipaddr(host, (struct sockaddr *)addr,
                             sizeof(*addr), AF_INET6);
          PyMem_Free(host);
          if (result < 0)
              return 0;
          if (port < 0 || port > 0xffff) {
              PyErr_SetString(
                  PyExc_OverflowError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: port must be 0-65535.");
              return 0;
          }
          if (flowinfo > 0xfffff) {
              PyErr_SetString(
                  PyExc_OverflowError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: flowinfo must be 0-1048575.");
              return 0;
          }
          addr->sin6_family = s->sock_family;
          addr->sin6_port = htons((short)port);
          addr->sin6_flowinfo = htonl(flowinfo);
          addr->sin6_scope_id = scope_id;
          *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */
  
  #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH
      case AF_BLUETOOTH:
      {
          switch (s->sock_proto) {
          case BTPROTO_L2CAP:
          {
              struct sockaddr_l2 *addr;
              const char *straddr;
  
              addr = (struct sockaddr_l2 *)addr_ret;
              memset(addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_l2));
              _BT_L2_MEMB(addr, family) = AF_BLUETOOTH;
              if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "si", &straddr,
                                    &_BT_L2_MEMB(addr, psm))) {
                  PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrarg: "
                                  "wrong format");
                  return 0;
              }
              if (setbdaddr(straddr, &_BT_L2_MEMB(addr, bdaddr)) < 0)
                  return 0;
  
              *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
              return 1;
          }
          case BTPROTO_RFCOMM:
          {
              struct sockaddr_rc *addr;
              const char *straddr;
  
              addr = (struct sockaddr_rc *)addr_ret;
              _BT_RC_MEMB(addr, family) = AF_BLUETOOTH;
              if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "si", &straddr,
                                    &_BT_RC_MEMB(addr, channel))) {
                  PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrarg: "
                                  "wrong format");
                  return 0;
              }
              if (setbdaddr(straddr, &_BT_RC_MEMB(addr, bdaddr)) < 0)
                  return 0;
  
              *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
              return 1;
          }
          case BTPROTO_HCI:
          {
              struct sockaddr_hci *addr = (struct sockaddr_hci *)addr_ret;
  #if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
              const char *straddr;
              _BT_HCI_MEMB(addr, family) = AF_BLUETOOTH;
              if (!PyBytes_Check(args)) {
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OSError, "getsockaddrarg: "
                      "wrong format");
                  return 0;
              }
              straddr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(args);
              if (setbdaddr(straddr, &_BT_HCI_MEMB(addr, bdaddr)) < 0)
                  return 0;
  #else  /* __NetBSD__ || __DragonFly__ */
              _BT_HCI_MEMB(addr, family) = AF_BLUETOOTH;
              if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &_BT_HCI_MEMB(addr, dev))) {
                  PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrarg: "
                                  "wrong format");
                  return 0;
              }
  #endif /* !(__NetBSD__ || __DragonFly__) */
              *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
              return 1;
          }
  #if !defined(__FreeBSD__)
          case BTPROTO_SCO:
          {
              struct sockaddr_sco *addr;
              const char *straddr;
  
              addr = (struct sockaddr_sco *)addr_ret;
              _BT_SCO_MEMB(addr, family) = AF_BLUETOOTH;
              straddr = PyString_AsString(args);
              if (straddr == NULL) {
                  PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrarg: "
                                  "wrong format");
                  return 0;
              }
              if (setbdaddr(straddr, &_BT_SCO_MEMB(addr, bdaddr)) < 0)
                  return 0;
  
              *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
              return 1;
          }
  #endif /* !__FreeBSD__ */
          default:
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrarg: unknown Bluetooth protocol");
              return 0;
          }
      }
  #endif /* USE_BLUETOOTH */
  
  #if defined(HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H) && defined(SIOCGIFINDEX)
      case AF_PACKET:
      {
          struct sockaddr_ll* addr;
          struct ifreq ifr;
          const char *interfaceName;
          int protoNumber;
          int hatype = 0;
          int pkttype = 0;
          char *haddr = NULL;
          unsigned int halen = 0;
  
          if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
              PyErr_Format(
                  PyExc_TypeError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: "
                  "AF_PACKET address must be tuple, not %.500s",
                  Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
              return 0;
          }
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "si|iis#", &interfaceName,
                                &protoNumber, &pkttype, &hatype,
                                &haddr, &halen))
              return 0;
          strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, interfaceName, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
          ifr.ifr_name[(sizeof(ifr.ifr_name))-1] = '\0';
          if (ioctl(s->sock_fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
              s->errorhandler();
              return 0;
          }
          if (halen > 8) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                            "Hardware address must be 8 bytes or less");
            return 0;
          }
          if (protoNumber < 0 || protoNumber > 0xffff) {
              PyErr_SetString(
                  PyExc_OverflowError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: protoNumber must be 0-65535.");
              return 0;
          }
          addr = (struct sockaddr_ll*)addr_ret;
          addr->sll_family = AF_PACKET;
          addr->sll_protocol = htons((short)protoNumber);
          addr->sll_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
          addr->sll_pkttype = pkttype;
          addr->sll_hatype = hatype;
          if (halen != 0) {
            memcpy(&addr->sll_addr, haddr, halen);
          }
          addr->sll_halen = halen;
          *len_ret = sizeof *addr;
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H && SIOCGIFINDEX */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H
      case AF_TIPC:
      {
          unsigned int atype, v1, v2, v3;
          unsigned int scope = TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE;
          struct sockaddr_tipc *addr;
  
          if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
              PyErr_Format(
                  PyExc_TypeError,
                  "getsockaddrarg: "
                  "AF_TIPC address must be tuple, not %.500s",
                  Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
              return 0;
          }
  
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,
                                  "IIII|I;Invalid TIPC address format",
                                  &atype, &v1, &v2, &v3, &scope))
              return 0;
  
          addr = (struct sockaddr_tipc *) addr_ret;
          memset(addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_tipc));
  
          addr->family = AF_TIPC;
          addr->scope = scope;
          addr->addrtype = atype;
  
          if (atype == TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ) {
              addr->addr.nameseq.type = v1;
              addr->addr.nameseq.lower = v2;
              addr->addr.nameseq.upper = v3;
          } else if (atype == TIPC_ADDR_NAME) {
              addr->addr.name.name.type = v1;
              addr->addr.name.name.instance = v2;
          } else if (atype == TIPC_ADDR_ID) {
              addr->addr.id.node = v1;
              addr->addr.id.ref = v2;
          } else {
              /* Shouldn't happen */
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Invalid address type");
              return 0;
          }
  
          *len_ret = sizeof(*addr);
  
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H */
  
      /* More cases here... */
  
      default:
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrarg: bad family");
          return 0;
  
      }
  }
  
  
  /* Get the address length according to the socket object's address family.
     Return 1 if the family is known, 0 otherwise.  The length is returned
     through len_ret. */
  
  static int
  getsockaddrlen(PySocketSockObject *s, socklen_t *len_ret)
  {
      switch (s->sock_family) {
  
  #if defined(AF_UNIX)
      case AF_UNIX:
      {
          *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_un);
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* AF_UNIX */
  
  #if defined(AF_NETLINK)
      case AF_NETLINK:
      {
          *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_nl);
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* AF_NETLINK */
  
      case AF_INET:
      {
          *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
          return 1;
      }
  
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
      {
          *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */
  
  #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH
      case AF_BLUETOOTH:
      {
          switch(s->sock_proto)
          {
  
          case BTPROTO_L2CAP:
              *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_l2);
              return 1;
          case BTPROTO_RFCOMM:
              *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_rc);
              return 1;
          case BTPROTO_HCI:
              *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_hci);
              return 1;
  #if !defined(__FreeBSD__)
          case BTPROTO_SCO:
              *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_sco);
              return 1;
  #endif /* !__FreeBSD__ */
          default:
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrlen: "
                              "unknown BT protocol");
              return 0;
  
          }
      }
  #endif /* USE_BLUETOOTH */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H
      case AF_PACKET:
      {
          *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_ll);
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* HAVE_NETPACKET_PACKET_H */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H
      case AF_TIPC:
      {
          *len_ret = sizeof (struct sockaddr_tipc);
          return 1;
      }
  #endif /* HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H */
  
      /* More cases here... */
  
      default:
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockaddrlen: bad family");
          return 0;
  
      }
  }
  
  
  /* s.accept() method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_accept(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      SOCKET_T newfd;
      socklen_t addrlen;
      PyObject *sock = NULL;
      PyObject *addr = NULL;
      PyObject *res = NULL;
      int timeout;
  
      if (!getsockaddrlen(s, &addrlen))
          return NULL;
      memset(&addrbuf, 0, addrlen);
  
      newfd = INVALID_SOCKET;
  
      if (!IS_SELECTABLE(s))
          return select_error();
  
      BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 0, interval);
      if (!timeout)
          newfd = accept(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return NULL;
      }
      END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
  
      if (newfd == INVALID_SOCKET)
          return s->errorhandler();
  
      /* Create the new object with unspecified family,
         to avoid calls to bind() etc. on it. */
      sock = (PyObject *) new_sockobject(newfd,
                                         s->sock_family,
                                         s->sock_type,
                                         s->sock_proto);
  
      if (sock == NULL) {
          SOCKETCLOSE(newfd);
          goto finally;
      }
      addr = makesockaddr(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf),
                          addrlen, s->sock_proto);
      if (addr == NULL)
          goto finally;
  
      res = PyTuple_Pack(2, sock, addr);
  
  finally:
      Py_XDECREF(sock);
      Py_XDECREF(addr);
      return res;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(accept_doc,
  "accept() -> (socket object, address info)\n\
  \n\
  Wait for an incoming connection.  Return a new socket representing the\n\
  connection, and the address of the client.  For IP sockets, the address\n\
  info is a pair (hostaddr, port).");
  
  /* s.setblocking(flag) method.  Argument:
     False -- non-blocking mode; same as settimeout(0)
     True -- blocking mode; same as settimeout(None)
  */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_setblocking(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *arg)
  {
      long block;
  
      block = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
      if (block == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
  
      s->sock_timeout = block ? -1.0 : 0.0;
      internal_setblocking(s, block);
  
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(setblocking_doc,
  "setblocking(flag)\n\
  \n\
  Set the socket to blocking (flag is true) or non-blocking (false).\n\
  setblocking(True) is equivalent to settimeout(None);\n\
  setblocking(False) is equivalent to settimeout(0.0).");
  
  /* s.settimeout(timeout) method.  Argument:
     None -- no timeout, blocking mode; same as setblocking(True)
     0.0  -- non-blocking mode; same as setblocking(False)
     > 0  -- timeout mode; operations time out after timeout seconds
     < 0  -- illegal; raises an exception
  */
  static PyObject *
  sock_settimeout(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *arg)
  {
      double timeout;
  
      if (arg == Py_None)
          timeout = -1.0;
      else {
          timeout = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
          if (timeout < 0.0) {
              if (!PyErr_Occurred())
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                                  "Timeout value out of range");
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  
      s->sock_timeout = timeout;
      internal_setblocking(s, timeout < 0.0);
  
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(settimeout_doc,
  "settimeout(timeout)\n\
  \n\
  Set a timeout on socket operations.  'timeout' can be a float,\n\
  giving in seconds, or None.  Setting a timeout of None disables\n\
  the timeout feature and is equivalent to setblocking(1).\n\
  Setting a timeout of zero is the same as setblocking(0).");
  
  /* s.gettimeout() method.
     Returns the timeout associated with a socket. */
  static PyObject *
  sock_gettimeout(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      if (s->sock_timeout < 0.0) {
          Py_INCREF(Py_None);
          return Py_None;
      }
      else
          return PyFloat_FromDouble(s->sock_timeout);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(gettimeout_doc,
  "gettimeout() -> timeout\n\
  \n\
  Returns the timeout in seconds (float) associated with socket \n\
  operations. A timeout of None indicates that timeouts on socket \n\
  operations are disabled.");
  
  #ifdef RISCOS
  /* s.sleeptaskw(1 | 0) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_sleeptaskw(PySocketSockObject *s,PyObject *arg)
  {
      int block;
      block = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
      if (block == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      socketioctl(s->sock_fd, 0x80046679, (u_long*)&block);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  PyDoc_STRVAR(sleeptaskw_doc,
  "sleeptaskw(flag)\n\
  \n\
  Allow sleeps in taskwindows.");
  #endif
  
  
  /* s.setsockopt() method.
     With an integer third argument, sets an integer option.
     With a string third argument, sets an option from a buffer;
     use optional built-in module 'struct' to encode the string. */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_setsockopt(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      int level;
      int optname;
      int res;
      char *buf;
      int buflen;
      int flag;
  
      if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iii:setsockopt",
                           &level, &optname, &flag)) {
          buf = (char *) &flag;
          buflen = sizeof flag;
      }
      else {
          PyErr_Clear();
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iis#:setsockopt",
                                &level, &optname, &buf, &buflen))
              return NULL;
      }
      res = setsockopt(s->sock_fd, level, optname, (void *)buf, buflen);
      if (res < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(setsockopt_doc,
  "setsockopt(level, option, value)\n\
  \n\
  Set a socket option.  See the Unix manual for level and option.\n\
  The value argument can either be an integer or a string.");
  
  
  /* s.getsockopt() method.
     With two arguments, retrieves an integer option.
     With a third integer argument, retrieves a string buffer of that size;
     use optional built-in module 'struct' to decode the string. */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_getsockopt(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      int level;
      int optname;
      int res;
      PyObject *buf;
      socklen_t buflen = 0;
  
  #ifdef __BEOS__
      /* We have incomplete socket support. */
      PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getsockopt not supported");
      return NULL;
  #else
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii|i:getsockopt",
                            &level, &optname, &buflen))
          return NULL;
  
      if (buflen == 0) {
          int flag = 0;
          socklen_t flagsize = sizeof flag;
          res = getsockopt(s->sock_fd, level, optname,
                           (void *)&flag, &flagsize);
          if (res < 0)
              return s->errorhandler();
          return PyInt_FromLong(flag);
      }
  #ifdef __VMS
      /* socklen_t is unsigned so no negative test is needed,
         test buflen == 0 is previously done */
      if (buflen > 1024) {
  #else
      if (buflen <= 0 || buflen > 1024) {
  #endif
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                          "getsockopt buflen out of range");
          return NULL;
      }
      buf = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, buflen);
      if (buf == NULL)
          return NULL;
      res = getsockopt(s->sock_fd, level, optname,
                       (void *)PyString_AS_STRING(buf), &buflen);
      if (res < 0) {
          Py_DECREF(buf);
          return s->errorhandler();
      }
      _PyString_Resize(&buf, buflen);
      return buf;
  #endif /* __BEOS__ */
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getsockopt_doc,
  "getsockopt(level, option[, buffersize]) -> value\n\
  \n\
  Get a socket option.  See the Unix manual for level and option.\n\
  If a nonzero buffersize argument is given, the return value is a\n\
  string of that length; otherwise it is an integer.");
  
  
  /* s.bind(sockaddr) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_bind(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *addro)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int addrlen;
      int res;
  
      if (!getsockaddrarg(s, addro, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen))
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = bind(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (res < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(bind_doc,
  "bind(address)\n\
  \n\
  Bind the socket to a local address.  For IP sockets, the address is a\n\
  pair (host, port); the host must refer to the local host. For raw packet\n\
  sockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype]])");
  
  
  /* s.close() method.
     Set the file descriptor to -1 so operations tried subsequently
     will surely fail. */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_close(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      SOCKET_T fd;
  
      if ((fd = s->sock_fd) != -1) {
          s->sock_fd = -1;
          Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
          (void) SOCKETCLOSE(fd);
          Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      }
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(close_doc,
  "close()\n\
  \n\
  Close the socket.  It cannot be used after this call.");
  
  static int
  internal_connect(PySocketSockObject *s, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen,
                   int *timeoutp)
  {
      int res, timeout;
  
      timeout = 0;
      res = connect(s->sock_fd, addr, addrlen);
  
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
  
      if (s->sock_timeout > 0.0) {
          if (res < 0 && WSAGetLastError() == WSAEWOULDBLOCK &&
              IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
              /* This is a mess.  Best solution: trust select */
              fd_set fds;
              fd_set fds_exc;
              struct timeval tv;
              tv.tv_sec = (int)s->sock_timeout;
              tv.tv_usec = (int)((s->sock_timeout - tv.tv_sec) * 1e6);
              FD_ZERO(&fds);
              FD_SET(s->sock_fd, &fds);
              FD_ZERO(&fds_exc);
              FD_SET(s->sock_fd, &fds_exc);
              res = select(s->sock_fd+1, NULL, &fds, &fds_exc, &tv);
              if (res == 0) {
                  res = WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
                  timeout = 1;
              } else if (res > 0) {
                  if (FD_ISSET(s->sock_fd, &fds))
                      /* The socket is in the writeable set - this
                         means connected */
                      res = 0;
                  else {
                      /* As per MS docs, we need to call getsockopt()
                         to get the underlying error */
                      int res_size = sizeof res;
                      /* It must be in the exception set */
                      assert(FD_ISSET(s->sock_fd, &fds_exc));
                      if (0 == getsockopt(s->sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
                                          (char *)&res, &res_size))
                          /* getsockopt also clears WSAGetLastError,
                             so reset it back. */
                          WSASetLastError(res);
                      else
                          res = WSAGetLastError();
                  }
              }
              /* else if (res < 0) an error occurred */
          }
      }
  
      if (res < 0)
          res = WSAGetLastError();
  
  #else
  
      if (s->sock_timeout > 0.0) {
          if (res < 0 && errno == EINPROGRESS && IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
              timeout = internal_select(s, 1);
              if (timeout == 0) {
                  /* Bug #1019808: in case of an EINPROGRESS,
                     use getsockopt(SO_ERROR) to get the real
                     error. */
                  socklen_t res_size = sizeof res;
                  (void)getsockopt(s->sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET,
                                   SO_ERROR, &res, &res_size);
                  if (res == EISCONN)
                      res = 0;
                  errno = res;
              }
              else if (timeout == -1) {
                  res = errno;            /* had error */
              }
              else
                  res = EWOULDBLOCK;                      /* timed out */
          }
      }
  
      if (res < 0)
          res = errno;
  
  #endif
      *timeoutp = timeout;
  
      return res;
  }
  
  /* s.connect(sockaddr) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_connect(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *addro)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int addrlen;
      int res;
      int timeout;
  
      if (!getsockaddrarg(s, addro, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen))
          return NULL;
  
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = internal_connect(s, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen, &timeout);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return NULL;
      }
      if (res != 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(connect_doc,
  "connect(address)\n\
  \n\
  Connect the socket to a remote address.  For IP sockets, the address\n\
  is a pair (host, port).");
  
  
  /* s.connect_ex(sockaddr) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_connect_ex(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *addro)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int addrlen;
      int res;
      int timeout;
  
      if (!getsockaddrarg(s, addro, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen))
          return NULL;
  
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = internal_connect(s, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen, &timeout);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      /* Signals are not errors (though they may raise exceptions).  Adapted
         from PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(). */
  #ifdef EINTR
      if (res == EINTR && PyErr_CheckSignals())
          return NULL;
  #endif
  
      return PyInt_FromLong((long) res);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(connect_ex_doc,
  "connect_ex(address) -> errno\n\
  \n\
  This is like connect(address), but returns an error code (the errno value)\n\
  instead of raising an exception when an error occurs.");
  
  
  /* s.fileno() method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_fileno(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
  #if SIZEOF_SOCKET_T <= SIZEOF_LONG
      return PyInt_FromLong((long) s->sock_fd);
  #else
      return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG)s->sock_fd);
  #endif
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(fileno_doc,
  "fileno() -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Return the integer file descriptor of the socket.");
  
  
  #ifndef NO_DUP
  /* s.dup() method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_dup(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      SOCKET_T newfd;
      PyObject *sock;
  
      newfd = dup(s->sock_fd);
      if (newfd < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      sock = (PyObject *) new_sockobject(newfd,
                                         s->sock_family,
                                         s->sock_type,
                                         s->sock_proto);
      if (sock == NULL)
          SOCKETCLOSE(newfd);
      return sock;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(dup_doc,
  "dup() -> socket object\n\
  \n\
  Return a new socket object connected to the same system resource.");
  
  #endif
  
  
  /* s.getsockname() method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_getsockname(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int res;
      socklen_t addrlen;
  
      if (!getsockaddrlen(s, &addrlen))
          return NULL;
      memset(&addrbuf, 0, addrlen);
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = getsockname(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (res < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      return makesockaddr(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen,
                          s->sock_proto);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getsockname_doc,
  "getsockname() -> address info\n\
  \n\
  Return the address of the local endpoint.  For IP sockets, the address\n\
  info is a pair (hostaddr, port).");
  
  
  #ifdef HAVE_GETPEERNAME         /* Cray APP doesn't have this :-( */
  /* s.getpeername() method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_getpeername(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int res;
      socklen_t addrlen;
  
      if (!getsockaddrlen(s, &addrlen))
          return NULL;
      memset(&addrbuf, 0, addrlen);
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = getpeername(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (res < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      return makesockaddr(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen,
                          s->sock_proto);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getpeername_doc,
  "getpeername() -> address info\n\
  \n\
  Return the address of the remote endpoint.  For IP sockets, the address\n\
  info is a pair (hostaddr, port).");
  
  #endif /* HAVE_GETPEERNAME */
  
  
  /* s.listen(n) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_listen(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *arg)
  {
      int backlog;
      int res;
  
      backlog = _PyInt_AsInt(arg);
      if (backlog == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      /* To avoid problems on systems that don't allow a negative backlog
       * (which doesn't make sense anyway) we force a minimum value of 0. */
      if (backlog < 0)
          backlog = 0;
      res = listen(s->sock_fd, backlog);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (res < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(listen_doc,
  "listen(backlog)\n\
  \n\
  Enable a server to accept connections.  The backlog argument must be at\n\
  least 0 (if it is lower, it is set to 0); it specifies the number of\n\
  unaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing new\n\
  connections.");
  
  
  #ifndef NO_DUP
  /* s.makefile(mode) method.
     Create a new open file object referring to a dupped version of
     the socket's file descriptor.  (The dup() call is necessary so
     that the open file and socket objects may be closed independent
     of each other.)
     The mode argument specifies 'r' or 'w' passed to fdopen(). */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_makefile(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      extern int fclose(FILE *);
      char *mode = "r";
      int bufsize = -1;
  #ifdef MS_WIN32
      Py_intptr_t fd;
  #else
      int fd;
  #endif
      FILE *fp;
      PyObject *f;
  #ifdef __VMS
      char *mode_r = "r";
      char *mode_w = "w";
  #endif
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|si:makefile", &mode, &bufsize))
          return NULL;
  #ifdef __VMS
      if (strcmp(mode,"rb") == 0) {
          mode = mode_r;
      }
      else {
          if (strcmp(mode,"wb") == 0) {
              mode = mode_w;
          }
      }
  #endif
  #ifdef MS_WIN32
      if (((fd = _open_osfhandle(s->sock_fd, _O_BINARY)) < 0) ||
          ((fd = dup(fd)) < 0) || ((fp = fdopen(fd, mode)) == NULL))
  #else
      if ((fd = dup(s->sock_fd)) < 0 || (fp = fdopen(fd, mode)) == NULL)
  #endif
      {
          if (fd >= 0)
              SOCKETCLOSE(fd);
          return s->errorhandler();
      }
      f = PyFile_FromFile(fp, "<socket>", mode, fclose);
      if (f != NULL)
          PyFile_SetBufSize(f, bufsize);
      return f;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(makefile_doc,
  "makefile([mode[, buffersize]]) -> file object\n\
  \n\
  Return a regular file object corresponding to the socket.\n\
  The mode and buffersize arguments are as for the built-in open() function.");
  
  #endif /* NO_DUP */
  
  /*
   * This is the guts of the recv() and recv_into() methods, which reads into a
   * char buffer.  If you have any inc/dec ref to do to the objects that contain
   * the buffer, do it in the caller.  This function returns the number of bytes
   * successfully read.  If there was an error, it returns -1.  Note that it is
   * also possible that we return a number of bytes smaller than the request
   * bytes.
   */
  static ssize_t
  sock_recv_guts(PySocketSockObject *s, char* cbuf, int len, int flags)
  {
      ssize_t outlen = -1;
      int timeout;
  #ifdef __VMS
      int remaining;
      char *read_buf;
  #endif
  
      if (!IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
          select_error();
          return -1;
      }
  
  #ifndef __VMS
      BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 0, interval);
      if (!timeout)
          outlen = recv(s->sock_fd, cbuf, len, flags);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return -1;
      }
      END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      if (outlen < 0) {
          /* Note: the call to errorhandler() ALWAYS indirectly returned
             NULL, so ignore its return value */
          s->errorhandler();
          return -1;
      }
  #else
      read_buf = cbuf;
      remaining = len;
      while (remaining != 0) {
          unsigned int segment;
          int nread = -1;
  
          segment = remaining /SEGMENT_SIZE;
          if (segment != 0) {
              segment = SEGMENT_SIZE;
          }
          else {
              segment = remaining;
          }
  
          BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
          Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
          timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 0, interval);
          if (!timeout)
              nread = recv(s->sock_fd, read_buf, segment, flags);
          Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
          if (timeout == 1) {
              PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
              return -1;
          }
          END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
  
          if (nread < 0) {
              s->errorhandler();
              return -1;
          }
          if (nread != remaining) {
              read_buf += nread;
              break;
          }
  
          remaining -= segment;
          read_buf += segment;
      }
      outlen = read_buf - cbuf;
  #endif /* !__VMS */
  
      return outlen;
  }
  
  
  /* s.recv(nbytes [,flags]) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_recv(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      int recvlen, flags = 0;
      ssize_t outlen;
      PyObject *buf;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i|i:recv", &recvlen, &flags))
          return NULL;
  
      if (recvlen < 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "negative buffersize in recv");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      /* Allocate a new string. */
      buf = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *) 0, recvlen);
      if (buf == NULL)
          return NULL;
  
      /* Call the guts */
      outlen = sock_recv_guts(s, PyString_AS_STRING(buf), recvlen, flags);
      if (outlen < 0) {
          /* An error occurred, release the string and return an
             error. */
          Py_DECREF(buf);
          return NULL;
      }
      if (outlen != recvlen) {
          /* We did not read as many bytes as we anticipated, resize the
             string if possible and be successful. */
          if (_PyString_Resize(&buf, outlen) < 0)
              /* Oopsy, not so successful after all. */
              return NULL;
      }
  
      return buf;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(recv_doc,
  "recv(buffersize[, flags]) -> data\n\
  \n\
  Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket.  For the optional flags\n\
  argument, see the Unix manual.  When no data is available, block until\n\
  at least one byte is available or until the remote end is closed.  When\n\
  the remote end is closed and all data is read, return the empty string.");
  
  
  /* s.recv_into(buffer, [nbytes [,flags]]) method */
  
  static PyObject*
  sock_recv_into(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
  {
      static char *kwlist[] = {"buffer", "nbytes", "flags", 0};
  
      int recvlen = 0, flags = 0;
      ssize_t readlen;
      Py_buffer buf;
      Py_ssize_t buflen;
  
      /* Get the buffer's memory */
      if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "w*|ii:recv_into", kwlist,
                                       &buf, &recvlen, &flags))
          return NULL;
      buflen = buf.len;
      assert(buf.buf != 0 && buflen > 0);
  
      if (recvlen < 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "negative buffersize in recv_into");
          goto error;
      }
      if (recvlen == 0) {
          /* If nbytes was not specified, use the buffer's length */
          recvlen = buflen;
      }
  
      /* Check if the buffer is large enough */
      if (buflen < recvlen) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "buffer too small for requested bytes");
          goto error;
      }
  
      /* Call the guts */
      readlen = sock_recv_guts(s, buf.buf, recvlen, flags);
      if (readlen < 0) {
          /* Return an error. */
          goto error;
      }
  
      PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
      /* Return the number of bytes read.  Note that we do not do anything
         special here in the case that readlen < recvlen. */
      return PyInt_FromSsize_t(readlen);
  
  error:
      PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(recv_into_doc,
  "recv_into(buffer, [nbytes[, flags]]) -> nbytes_read\n\
  \n\
  A version of recv() that stores its data into a buffer rather than creating \n\
  a new string.  Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket.  If buffersize \n\
  is not specified (or 0), receive up to the size available in the given buffer.\n\
  \n\
  See recv() for documentation about the flags.");
  
  
  /*
   * This is the guts of the recvfrom() and recvfrom_into() methods, which reads
   * into a char buffer.  If you have any inc/def ref to do to the objects that
   * contain the buffer, do it in the caller.  This function returns the number
   * of bytes successfully read.  If there was an error, it returns -1.  Note
   * that it is also possible that we return a number of bytes smaller than the
   * request bytes.
   *
   * 'addr' is a return value for the address object.  Note that you must decref
   * it yourself.
   */
  static ssize_t
  sock_recvfrom_guts(PySocketSockObject *s, char* cbuf, int len, int flags,
                     PyObject** addr)
  {
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int timeout;
      ssize_t n = -1;
      socklen_t addrlen;
  
      *addr = NULL;
  
      if (!getsockaddrlen(s, &addrlen))
          return -1;
  
      if (!IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
          select_error();
          return -1;
      }
  
      BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      memset(&addrbuf, 0, addrlen);
      timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 0, interval);
      if (!timeout) {
  #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
  #if defined(PYOS_OS2) && !defined(PYCC_GCC)
          n = recvfrom(s->sock_fd, cbuf, len, flags,
                       SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen);
  #else
          n = recvfrom(s->sock_fd, cbuf, len, flags,
                       (void *) &addrbuf, &addrlen);
  #endif
  #else
          n = recvfrom(s->sock_fd, cbuf, len, flags,
                       SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen);
  #endif
      }
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return -1;
      }
      END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      if (n < 0) {
          s->errorhandler();
          return -1;
      }
  
      if (!(*addr = makesockaddr(s->sock_fd, SAS2SA(&addrbuf),
                                 addrlen, s->sock_proto)))
          return -1;
  
      return n;
  }
  
  /* s.recvfrom(nbytes [,flags]) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_recvfrom(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      PyObject *buf = NULL;
      PyObject *addr = NULL;
      PyObject *ret = NULL;
      int recvlen, flags = 0;
      ssize_t outlen;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i|i:recvfrom", &recvlen, &flags))
          return NULL;
  
      if (recvlen < 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "negative buffersize in recvfrom");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      buf = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *) 0, recvlen);
      if (buf == NULL)
          return NULL;
  
      outlen = sock_recvfrom_guts(s, PyString_AS_STRING(buf),
                                  recvlen, flags, &addr);
      if (outlen < 0) {
          goto finally;
      }
  
      if (outlen != recvlen) {
          /* We did not read as many bytes as we anticipated, resize the
             string if possible and be successful. */
          if (_PyString_Resize(&buf, outlen) < 0)
              /* Oopsy, not so successful after all. */
              goto finally;
      }
  
      ret = PyTuple_Pack(2, buf, addr);
  
  finally:
      Py_XDECREF(buf);
      Py_XDECREF(addr);
      return ret;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(recvfrom_doc,
  "recvfrom(buffersize[, flags]) -> (data, address info)\n\
  \n\
  Like recv(buffersize, flags) but also return the sender's address info.");
  
  
  /* s.recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes [,flags]]) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_recvfrom_into(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args, PyObject* kwds)
  {
      static char *kwlist[] = {"buffer", "nbytes", "flags", 0};
  
      int recvlen = 0, flags = 0;
      ssize_t readlen;
      Py_buffer buf;
      int buflen;
  
      PyObject *addr = NULL;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "w*|ii:recvfrom_into",
                                       kwlist, &buf,
                                       &recvlen, &flags))
          return NULL;
      buflen = buf.len;
  
      if (recvlen < 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "negative buffersize in recvfrom_into");
          goto error;
      }
      if (recvlen == 0) {
          /* If nbytes was not specified, use the buffer's length */
          recvlen = buflen;
      } else if (recvlen > buflen) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "nbytes is greater than the length of the buffer");
          goto error;
      }
  
      readlen = sock_recvfrom_guts(s, buf.buf, recvlen, flags, &addr);
      if (readlen < 0) {
          /* Return an error */
          goto error;
      }
  
      PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
      /* Return the number of bytes read and the address.  Note that we do
         not do anything special here in the case that readlen < recvlen. */
      return Py_BuildValue("lN", readlen, addr);
  
  error:
      Py_XDECREF(addr);
      PyBuffer_Release(&buf);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(recvfrom_into_doc,
  "recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) -> (nbytes, address info)\n\
  \n\
  Like recv_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) but also return the sender's address info.");
  
  
  /* s.send(data [,flags]) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_send(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      char *buf;
      int len, n = -1, flags = 0, timeout;
      Py_buffer pbuf;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s*|i:send", &pbuf, &flags))
          return NULL;
  
      if (!IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
          PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
          return select_error();
      }
      buf = pbuf.buf;
      len = pbuf.len;
  
      BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 1, interval);
      if (!timeout)
  #ifdef __VMS
          n = sendsegmented(s->sock_fd, buf, len, flags);
  #else
          n = send(s->sock_fd, buf, len, flags);
  #endif
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return NULL;
      }
      END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
  
      PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
      if (n < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      return PyInt_FromLong((long)n);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(send_doc,
  "send(data[, flags]) -> count\n\
  \n\
  Send a data string to the socket.  For the optional flags\n\
  argument, see the Unix manual.  Return the number of bytes\n\
  sent; this may be less than len(data) if the network is busy.");
  
  
  /* s.sendall(data [,flags]) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_sendall(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      char *buf;
      int len, n = -1, flags = 0, timeout, saved_errno;
      Py_buffer pbuf;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s*|i:sendall", &pbuf, &flags))
          return NULL;
      buf = pbuf.buf;
      len = pbuf.len;
  
      if (!IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
          PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
          return select_error();
      }
  
      do {
          BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
          Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
          timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 1, interval);
          n = -1;
          if (!timeout) {
  #ifdef __VMS
              n = sendsegmented(s->sock_fd, buf, len, flags);
  #else
              n = send(s->sock_fd, buf, len, flags);
  #endif
          }
          Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
          if (timeout == 1) {
              PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
              PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
              return NULL;
          }
          END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
          /* PyErr_CheckSignals() might change errno */
          saved_errno = errno;
          /* We must run our signal handlers before looping again.
             send() can return a successful partial write when it is
             interrupted, so we can't restrict ourselves to EINTR. */
          if (PyErr_CheckSignals()) {
              PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
              return NULL;
          }
          if (n < 0) {
              /* If interrupted, try again */
              if (saved_errno == EINTR)
                  continue;
              else
                  break;
          }
          buf += n;
          len -= n;
      } while (len > 0);
      PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
  
      if (n < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
  
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(sendall_doc,
  "sendall(data[, flags])\n\
  \n\
  Send a data string to the socket.  For the optional flags\n\
  argument, see the Unix manual.  This calls send() repeatedly\n\
  until all data is sent.  If an error occurs, it's impossible\n\
  to tell how much data has been sent.");
  
  
  /* s.sendto(data, [flags,] sockaddr) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_sendto(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *args)
  {
      Py_buffer pbuf;
      PyObject *addro;
      char *buf;
      Py_ssize_t len;
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
      int addrlen, flags, timeout;
      long n = -1;
      int arglen;
  
      flags = 0;
      arglen = PyTuple_Size(args);
      switch(arglen) {
          case 2:
              PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s*O:sendto", &pbuf, &addro);
              break;
          case 3:
              PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s*iO:sendto", &pbuf, &flags, &addro);
              break;
          default:
              PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "sendto() takes 2 or 3"
                           " arguments (%d given)", arglen);
      }
      if (PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
  
      buf = pbuf.buf;
      len = pbuf.len;
  
      if (!IS_SELECTABLE(s)) {
          PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
          return select_error();
      }
  
      if (!getsockaddrarg(s, addro, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), &addrlen)) {
          PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      BEGIN_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      timeout = internal_select_ex(s, 1, interval);
      if (!timeout)
          n = sendto(s->sock_fd, buf, len, flags, SAS2SA(&addrbuf), addrlen);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      if (timeout == 1) {
          PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
          PyErr_SetString(socket_timeout, "timed out");
          return NULL;
      }
      END_SELECT_LOOP(s)
      PyBuffer_Release(&pbuf);
      if (n < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      return PyInt_FromLong((long)n);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(sendto_doc,
  "sendto(data[, flags], address) -> count\n\
  \n\
  Like send(data, flags) but allows specifying the destination address.\n\
  For IP sockets, the address is a pair (hostaddr, port).");
  
  
  /* s.shutdown(how) method */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_shutdown(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *arg)
  {
      int how;
      int res;
  
      how = _PyInt_AsInt(arg);
      if (how == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = shutdown(s->sock_fd, how);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (res < 0)
          return s->errorhandler();
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(shutdown_doc,
  "shutdown(flag)\n\
  \n\
  Shut down the reading side of the socket (flag == SHUT_RD), the writing side\n\
  of the socket (flag == SHUT_WR), or both ends (flag == SHUT_RDWR).");
  
  #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && defined(SIO_RCVALL)
  static PyObject*
  sock_ioctl(PySocketSockObject *s, PyObject *arg)
  {
      unsigned long cmd = SIO_RCVALL;
      PyObject *argO;
      DWORD recv;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "kO:ioctl", &cmd, &argO))
          return NULL;
  
      switch (cmd) {
      case SIO_RCVALL: {
          unsigned int option = RCVALL_ON;
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "kI:ioctl", &cmd, &option))
              return NULL;
          if (WSAIoctl(s->sock_fd, cmd, &option, sizeof(option),
                           NULL, 0, &recv, NULL, NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
              return set_error();
          }
          return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(recv); }
      case SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS: {
          struct tcp_keepalive ka;
          if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "k(kkk):ioctl", &cmd,
                          &ka.onoff, &ka.keepalivetime, &ka.keepaliveinterval))
              return NULL;
          if (WSAIoctl(s->sock_fd, cmd, &ka, sizeof(ka),
                           NULL, 0, &recv, NULL, NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
              return set_error();
          }
          return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(recv); }
      default:
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid ioctl command %d", cmd);
          return NULL;
      }
  }
  PyDoc_STRVAR(sock_ioctl_doc,
  "ioctl(cmd, option) -> long\n\
  \n\
  Control the socket with WSAIoctl syscall. Currently supported 'cmd' values are\n\
  SIO_RCVALL:  'option' must be one of the socket.RCVALL_* constants.\n\
  SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS:  'option' is a tuple of (onoff, timeout, interval).");
  
  #endif
  
  /* List of methods for socket objects */
  
  static PyMethodDef sock_methods[] = {
      {"accept",            (PyCFunction)sock_accept, METH_NOARGS,
                        accept_doc},
      {"bind",              (PyCFunction)sock_bind, METH_O,
                        bind_doc},
      {"close",             (PyCFunction)sock_close, METH_NOARGS,
                        close_doc},
      {"connect",           (PyCFunction)sock_connect, METH_O,
                        connect_doc},
      {"connect_ex",        (PyCFunction)sock_connect_ex, METH_O,
                        connect_ex_doc},
  #ifndef NO_DUP
      {"dup",               (PyCFunction)sock_dup, METH_NOARGS,
                        dup_doc},
  #endif
      {"fileno",            (PyCFunction)sock_fileno, METH_NOARGS,
                        fileno_doc},
  #ifdef HAVE_GETPEERNAME
      {"getpeername",       (PyCFunction)sock_getpeername,
                        METH_NOARGS, getpeername_doc},
  #endif
      {"getsockname",       (PyCFunction)sock_getsockname,
                        METH_NOARGS, getsockname_doc},
      {"getsockopt",        (PyCFunction)sock_getsockopt, METH_VARARGS,
                        getsockopt_doc},
  #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && defined(SIO_RCVALL)
      {"ioctl",             (PyCFunction)sock_ioctl, METH_VARARGS,
                        sock_ioctl_doc},
  #endif
      {"listen",            (PyCFunction)sock_listen, METH_O,
                        listen_doc},
  #ifndef NO_DUP
      {"makefile",          (PyCFunction)sock_makefile, METH_VARARGS,
                        makefile_doc},
  #endif
      {"recv",              (PyCFunction)sock_recv, METH_VARARGS,
                        recv_doc},
      {"recv_into",         (PyCFunction)sock_recv_into, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
                        recv_into_doc},
      {"recvfrom",          (PyCFunction)sock_recvfrom, METH_VARARGS,
                        recvfrom_doc},
      {"recvfrom_into",  (PyCFunction)sock_recvfrom_into, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
                        recvfrom_into_doc},
      {"send",              (PyCFunction)sock_send, METH_VARARGS,
                        send_doc},
      {"sendall",           (PyCFunction)sock_sendall, METH_VARARGS,
                        sendall_doc},
      {"sendto",            (PyCFunction)sock_sendto, METH_VARARGS,
                        sendto_doc},
      {"setblocking",       (PyCFunction)sock_setblocking, METH_O,
                        setblocking_doc},
      {"settimeout",    (PyCFunction)sock_settimeout, METH_O,
                        settimeout_doc},
      {"gettimeout",    (PyCFunction)sock_gettimeout, METH_NOARGS,
                        gettimeout_doc},
      {"setsockopt",        (PyCFunction)sock_setsockopt, METH_VARARGS,
                        setsockopt_doc},
      {"shutdown",          (PyCFunction)sock_shutdown, METH_O,
                        shutdown_doc},
  #ifdef RISCOS
      {"sleeptaskw",        (PyCFunction)sock_sleeptaskw, METH_O,
                        sleeptaskw_doc},
  #endif
      {NULL,                      NULL}           /* sentinel */
  };
  
  /* SockObject members */
  static PyMemberDef sock_memberlist[] = {
         {"family", T_INT, offsetof(PySocketSockObject, sock_family), READONLY, "the socket family"},
         {"type", T_INT, offsetof(PySocketSockObject, sock_type), READONLY, "the socket type"},
         {"proto", T_INT, offsetof(PySocketSockObject, sock_proto), READONLY, "the socket protocol"},
         {"timeout", T_DOUBLE, offsetof(PySocketSockObject, sock_timeout), READONLY, "the socket timeout"},
         {0},
  };
  
  /* Deallocate a socket object in response to the last Py_DECREF().
     First close the file description. */
  
  static void
  sock_dealloc(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      if (s->sock_fd != -1)
          (void) SOCKETCLOSE(s->sock_fd);
      if (s->weakreflist != NULL)
          PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *)s);
      Py_TYPE(s)->tp_free((PyObject *)s);
  }
  
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_repr(PySocketSockObject *s)
  {
      char buf[512];
      long sock_fd;
      /* On Windows, this test is needed because SOCKET_T is unsigned */
      if (s->sock_fd == INVALID_SOCKET) {
          sock_fd = -1;
      }
  #if SIZEOF_SOCKET_T > SIZEOF_LONG
      else if (s->sock_fd > LONG_MAX) {
          /* this can occur on Win64, and actually there is a special
             ugly printf formatter for decimal pointer length integer
             printing, only bother if necessary*/
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                          "no printf formatter to display "
                          "the socket descriptor in decimal");
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
      else
          sock_fd = (long)s->sock_fd;
      PyOS_snprintf(
          buf, sizeof(buf),
          "<socket object, fd=%ld, family=%d, type=%d, protocol=%d>",
          sock_fd, s->sock_family,
          s->sock_type,
          s->sock_proto);
      return PyString_FromString(buf);
  }
  
  
  /* Create a new, uninitialized socket object. */
  
  static PyObject *
  sock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
  {
      PyObject *new;
  
      new = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
      if (new != NULL) {
          ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->sock_fd = -1;
          ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->sock_timeout = -1.0;
          ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->errorhandler = &set_error;
          ((PySocketSockObject *)new)->weakreflist = NULL;
      }
      return new;
  }
  
  
  /* Initialize a new socket object. */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static int
  sock_initobj(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
  {
      PySocketSockObject *s = (PySocketSockObject *)self;
      SOCKET_T fd;
      int family = AF_INET, type = SOCK_STREAM, proto = 0;
      static char *keywords[] = {"family", "type", "proto", 0};
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
                                       "|iii:socket", keywords,
                                       &family, &type, &proto))
          return -1;
  
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      fd = socket(family, type, proto);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
  
      if (fd == INVALID_SOCKET) {
          set_error();
          return -1;
      }
      init_sockobject(s, fd, family, type, proto);
  
      return 0;
  
  }
  
  
  /* Type object for socket objects. */
  
  static PyTypeObject sock_type = {
      PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(0, 0)         /* Must fill in type value later */
      "_socket.socket",                           /* tp_name */
      sizeof(PySocketSockObject),                 /* tp_basicsize */
      0,                                          /* tp_itemsize */
      (destructor)sock_dealloc,                   /* tp_dealloc */
      0,                                          /* tp_print */
      0,                                          /* tp_getattr */
      0,                                          /* tp_setattr */
      0,                                          /* tp_compare */
      (reprfunc)sock_repr,                        /* tp_repr */
      0,                                          /* tp_as_number */
      0,                                          /* tp_as_sequence */
      0,                                          /* tp_as_mapping */
      0,                                          /* tp_hash */
      0,                                          /* tp_call */
      0,                                          /* tp_str */
      PyObject_GenericGetAttr,                    /* tp_getattro */
      0,                                          /* tp_setattro */
      0,                                          /* tp_as_buffer */
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
      sock_doc,                                   /* tp_doc */
      0,                                          /* tp_traverse */
      0,                                          /* tp_clear */
      0,                                          /* tp_richcompare */
      offsetof(PySocketSockObject, weakreflist),  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
      0,                                          /* tp_iter */
      0,                                          /* tp_iternext */
      sock_methods,                               /* tp_methods */
      sock_memberlist,                            /* tp_members */
      0,                                          /* tp_getset */
      0,                                          /* tp_base */
      0,                                          /* tp_dict */
      0,                                          /* tp_descr_get */
      0,                                          /* tp_descr_set */
      0,                                          /* tp_dictoffset */
      sock_initobj,                               /* tp_init */
      PyType_GenericAlloc,                        /* tp_alloc */
      sock_new,                                   /* tp_new */
      PyObject_Del,                               /* tp_free */
  };
  
  
  /* Python interface to gethostname(). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_gethostname(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
  {
      char buf[1024];
      int res;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      res = gethostname(buf, (int) sizeof buf - 1);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (res < 0)
          return set_error();
      buf[sizeof buf - 1] = '\0';
      return PyString_FromString(buf);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(gethostname_doc,
  "gethostname() -> string\n\
  \n\
  Return the current host name.");
  
  
  /* Python interface to gethostbyname(name). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_gethostbyname(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      char *name;
      sock_addr_t addrbuf;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:gethostbyname", &name))
          return NULL;
      if (setipaddr(name, SAS2SA(&addrbuf),  sizeof(addrbuf), AF_INET) < 0)
          return NULL;
      return makeipaddr(SAS2SA(&addrbuf), sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(gethostbyname_doc,
  "gethostbyname(host) -> address\n\
  \n\
  Return the IP address (a string of the form '255.255.255.255') for a host.");
  
  
  /* Convenience function common to gethostbyname_ex and gethostbyaddr */
  
  static PyObject *
  gethost_common(struct hostent *h, struct sockaddr *addr, int alen, int af)
  {
      char **pch;
      PyObject *rtn_tuple = (PyObject *)NULL;
      PyObject *name_list = (PyObject *)NULL;
      PyObject *addr_list = (PyObject *)NULL;
      PyObject *tmp;
  
      if (h == NULL) {
          /* Let's get real error message to return */
  #ifndef RISCOS
          set_herror(h_errno);
  #else
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "host not found");
  #endif
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (h->h_addrtype != af) {
          /* Let's get real error message to return */
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                          (char *)strerror(EAFNOSUPPORT));
  
          return NULL;
      }
  
      switch (af) {
  
      case AF_INET:
          if (alen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
              return NULL;
          break;
  
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
          if (alen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
              return NULL;
          break;
  #endif
  
      }
  
      if ((name_list = PyList_New(0)) == NULL)
          goto err;
  
      if ((addr_list = PyList_New(0)) == NULL)
          goto err;
  
      /* SF #1511317: h_aliases can be NULL */
      if (h->h_aliases) {
          for (pch = h->h_aliases; *pch != NULL; pch++) {
              int status;
              tmp = PyString_FromString(*pch);
              if (tmp == NULL)
                  goto err;
  
              status = PyList_Append(name_list, tmp);
              Py_DECREF(tmp);
  
              if (status)
                  goto err;
          }
      }
  
      for (pch = h->h_addr_list; *pch != NULL; pch++) {
          int status;
  
          switch (af) {
  
          case AF_INET:
              {
              struct sockaddr_in sin;
              memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
              sin.sin_family = af;
  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
              sin.sin_len = sizeof(sin);
  #endif
              memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, *pch, sizeof(sin.sin_addr));
              tmp = makeipaddr((struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin));
  
              if (pch == h->h_addr_list && alen >= sizeof(sin))
                  memcpy((char *) addr, &sin, sizeof(sin));
              break;
              }
  
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
          case AF_INET6:
              {
              struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
              memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
              sin6.sin6_family = af;
  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
              sin6.sin6_len = sizeof(sin6);
  #endif
              memcpy(&sin6.sin6_addr, *pch, sizeof(sin6.sin6_addr));
              tmp = makeipaddr((struct sockaddr *)&sin6,
                  sizeof(sin6));
  
              if (pch == h->h_addr_list && alen >= sizeof(sin6))
                  memcpy((char *) addr, &sin6, sizeof(sin6));
              break;
              }
  #endif
  
          default:                /* can't happen */
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                              "unsupported address family");
              return NULL;
          }
  
          if (tmp == NULL)
              goto err;
  
          status = PyList_Append(addr_list, tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
  
          if (status)
              goto err;
      }
  
      rtn_tuple = Py_BuildValue("sOO", h->h_name, name_list, addr_list);
  
   err:
      Py_XDECREF(name_list);
      Py_XDECREF(addr_list);
      return rtn_tuple;
  }
  
  
  /* Python interface to gethostbyname_ex(name). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_gethostbyname_ex(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      char *name;
      struct hostent *h;
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      struct sockaddr_storage addr;
  #else
      struct sockaddr_in addr;
  #endif
      struct sockaddr *sa;
      PyObject *ret;
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
      struct hostent hp_allocated;
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG
      struct hostent_data data;
  #else
      char buf[16384];
      int buf_len = (sizeof buf) - 1;
      int errnop;
  #endif
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG
      int result;
  #endif
  #endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R */
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:gethostbyname_ex", &name))
          return NULL;
      if (setipaddr(name, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET) < 0)
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
  #if   defined(HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_6_ARG)
      gethostbyname_r(name, &hp_allocated, buf, buf_len,
                               &h, &errnop);
  #elif defined(HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_5_ARG)
      h = gethostbyname_r(name, &hp_allocated, buf, buf_len, &errnop);
  #else /* HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG */
      memset((void *) &data, '\0', sizeof(data));
      result = gethostbyname_r(name, &hp_allocated, &data);
      h = (result != 0) ? NULL : &hp_allocated;
  #endif
  #else /* not HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R */
  #ifdef USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK
      PyThread_acquire_lock(netdb_lock, 1);
  #endif
      h = gethostbyname(name);
  #endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R */
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      /* Some C libraries would require addr.__ss_family instead of
         addr.ss_family.
         Therefore, we cast the sockaddr_storage into sockaddr to
         access sa_family. */
      sa = (struct sockaddr*)&addr;
      ret = gethost_common(h, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr),
                           sa->sa_family);
  #ifdef USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK
      PyThread_release_lock(netdb_lock);
  #endif
      return ret;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(ghbn_ex_doc,
  "gethostbyname_ex(host) -> (name, aliaslist, addresslist)\n\
  \n\
  Return the true host name, a list of aliases, and a list of IP addresses,\n\
  for a host.  The host argument is a string giving a host name or IP number.");
  
  
  /* Python interface to gethostbyaddr(IP). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_gethostbyaddr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      struct sockaddr_storage addr;
  #else
      struct sockaddr_in addr;
  #endif
      struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&addr;
      char *ip_num;
      struct hostent *h;
      PyObject *ret;
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
      struct hostent hp_allocated;
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG
      struct hostent_data data;
  #else
      /* glibcs up to 2.10 assume that the buf argument to
         gethostbyaddr_r is 8-byte aligned, which at least llvm-gcc
         does not ensure. The attribute below instructs the compiler
         to maintain this alignment. */
      char buf[16384] Py_ALIGNED(8);
      int buf_len = (sizeof buf) - 1;
      int errnop;
  #endif
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG
      int result;
  #endif
  #endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R */
      const char *ap;
      int al;
      int af;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:gethostbyaddr", &ip_num))
          return NULL;
      af = AF_UNSPEC;
      if (setipaddr(ip_num, sa, sizeof(addr), af) < 0)
          return NULL;
      af = sa->sa_family;
      ap = NULL;
      switch (af) {
      case AF_INET:
          ap = (char *)&((struct sockaddr_in *)sa)->sin_addr;
          al = sizeof(((struct sockaddr_in *)sa)->sin_addr);
          break;
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
          ap = (char *)&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa)->sin6_addr;
          al = sizeof(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa)->sin6_addr);
          break;
  #endif
      default:
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "unsupported address family");
          return NULL;
      }
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
  #ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
  #if   defined(HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_6_ARG)
      gethostbyaddr_r(ap, al, af,
          &hp_allocated, buf, buf_len,
          &h, &errnop);
  #elif defined(HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_5_ARG)
      h = gethostbyaddr_r(ap, al, af,
                          &hp_allocated, buf, buf_len, &errnop);
  #else /* HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_3_ARG */
      memset((void *) &data, '\0', sizeof(data));
      result = gethostbyaddr_r(ap, al, af, &hp_allocated, &data);
      h = (result != 0) ? NULL : &hp_allocated;
  #endif
  #else /* not HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R */
  #ifdef USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK
      PyThread_acquire_lock(netdb_lock, 1);
  #endif
      h = gethostbyaddr(ap, al, af);
  #endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R */
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      ret = gethost_common(h, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr), af);
  #ifdef USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK
      PyThread_release_lock(netdb_lock);
  #endif
      return ret;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(gethostbyaddr_doc,
  "gethostbyaddr(host) -> (name, aliaslist, addresslist)\n\
  \n\
  Return the true host name, a list of aliases, and a list of IP addresses,\n\
  for a host.  The host argument is a string giving a host name or IP number.");
  
  
  /* Python interface to getservbyname(name).
     This only returns the port number, since the other info is already
     known or not useful (like the list of aliases). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_getservbyname(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      const char *name, *proto=NULL;
      struct servent *sp;
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|s:getservbyname", &name, &proto))
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      sp = getservbyname(name, proto);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (sp == NULL) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "service/proto not found");
          return NULL;
      }
      return PyInt_FromLong((long) ntohs(sp->s_port));
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getservbyname_doc,
  "getservbyname(servicename[, protocolname]) -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Return a port number from a service name and protocol name.\n\
  The optional protocol name, if given, should be 'tcp' or 'udp',\n\
  otherwise any protocol will match.");
  
  
  /* Python interface to getservbyport(port).
     This only returns the service name, since the other info is already
     known or not useful (like the list of aliases). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_getservbyport(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      int port;
      const char *proto=NULL;
      struct servent *sp;
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i|s:getservbyport", &port, &proto))
          return NULL;
      if (port < 0 || port > 0xffff) {
          PyErr_SetString(
              PyExc_OverflowError,
              "getservbyport: port must be 0-65535.");
          return NULL;
      }
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      sp = getservbyport(htons((short)port), proto);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (sp == NULL) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "port/proto not found");
          return NULL;
      }
      return PyString_FromString(sp->s_name);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getservbyport_doc,
  "getservbyport(port[, protocolname]) -> string\n\
  \n\
  Return the service name from a port number and protocol name.\n\
  The optional protocol name, if given, should be 'tcp' or 'udp',\n\
  otherwise any protocol will match.");
  
  /* Python interface to getprotobyname(name).
     This only returns the protocol number, since the other info is
     already known or not useful (like the list of aliases). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_getprotobyname(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      const char *name;
      struct protoent *sp;
  #ifdef __BEOS__
  /* Not available in BeOS yet. - [cjh] */
      PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "getprotobyname not supported");
      return NULL;
  #else
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:getprotobyname", &name))
          return NULL;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      sp = getprotobyname(name);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      if (sp == NULL) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "protocol not found");
          return NULL;
      }
      return PyInt_FromLong((long) sp->p_proto);
  #endif
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getprotobyname_doc,
  "getprotobyname(name) -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Return the protocol number for the named protocol.  (Rarely used.)");
  
  
  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKETPAIR
  /* Create a pair of sockets using the socketpair() function.
     Arguments as for socket() except the default family is AF_UNIX if
     defined on the platform; otherwise, the default is AF_INET. */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_socketpair(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      PySocketSockObject *s0 = NULL, *s1 = NULL;
      SOCKET_T sv[2];
      int family, type = SOCK_STREAM, proto = 0;
      PyObject *res = NULL;
  
  #if defined(AF_UNIX)
      family = AF_UNIX;
  #else
      family = AF_INET;
  #endif
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|iii:socketpair",
                            &family, &type, &proto))
          return NULL;
      /* Create a pair of socket fds */
      if (socketpair(family, type, proto, sv) < 0)
          return set_error();
      s0 = new_sockobject(sv[0], family, type, proto);
      if (s0 == NULL)
          goto finally;
      s1 = new_sockobject(sv[1], family, type, proto);
      if (s1 == NULL)
          goto finally;
      res = PyTuple_Pack(2, s0, s1);
  
  finally:
      if (res == NULL) {
          if (s0 == NULL)
              SOCKETCLOSE(sv[0]);
          if (s1 == NULL)
              SOCKETCLOSE(sv[1]);
      }
      Py_XDECREF(s0);
      Py_XDECREF(s1);
      return res;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(socketpair_doc,
  "socketpair([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> (socket object, socket object)\n\
  \n\
  Create a pair of socket objects from the sockets returned by the platform\n\
  socketpair() function.\n\
  The arguments are the same as for socket() except the default family is\n\
  AF_UNIX if defined on the platform; otherwise, the default is AF_INET.");
  
  #endif /* HAVE_SOCKETPAIR */
  
  
  #ifndef NO_DUP
  /* Create a socket object from a numeric file description.
     Useful e.g. if stdin is a socket.
     Additional arguments as for socket(). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_fromfd(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      PySocketSockObject *s;
      SOCKET_T fd;
      int family, type, proto = 0;
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iii|i:fromfd",
                            &fd, &family, &type, &proto))
          return NULL;
      /* Dup the fd so it and the socket can be closed independently */
      fd = dup(fd);
      if (fd < 0)
          return set_error();
      s = new_sockobject(fd, family, type, proto);
      return (PyObject *) s;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(fromfd_doc,
  "fromfd(fd, family, type[, proto]) -> socket object\n\
  \n\
  Create a socket object from a duplicate of the given\n\
  file descriptor.\n\
  The remaining arguments are the same as for socket().");
  
  #endif /* NO_DUP */
  
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_ntohs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      int x1, x2;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:ntohs", &x1)) {
          return NULL;
      }
      if (x1 < 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
              "can't convert negative number to unsigned long");
          return NULL;
      }
      x2 = (unsigned int)ntohs((unsigned short)x1);
      return PyInt_FromLong(x2);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(ntohs_doc,
  "ntohs(integer) -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Convert a 16-bit integer from network to host byte order.");
  
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_ntohl(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
  {
      unsigned long x;
  
      if (PyInt_Check(arg)) {
          x = PyInt_AS_LONG(arg);
          if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
              return NULL;
          if ((long)x < 0) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                "can't convert negative number to unsigned long");
              return NULL;
          }
      }
      else if (PyLong_Check(arg)) {
          x = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(arg);
          if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
              return NULL;
  #if SIZEOF_LONG > 4
          {
              unsigned long y;
              /* only want the trailing 32 bits */
              y = x & 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
              if (y ^ x)
                  return PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "long int larger than 32 bits");
              x = y;
          }
  #endif
      }
      else
          return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                              "expected int/long, %s found",
                              Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
      if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
      return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(ntohl(x));
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(ntohl_doc,
  "ntohl(integer) -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Convert a 32-bit integer from network to host byte order.");
  
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_htons(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      int x1, x2;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:htons", &x1)) {
          return NULL;
      }
      if (x1 < 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
              "can't convert negative number to unsigned long");
          return NULL;
      }
      x2 = (unsigned int)htons((unsigned short)x1);
      return PyInt_FromLong(x2);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(htons_doc,
  "htons(integer) -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Convert a 16-bit integer from host to network byte order.");
  
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_htonl(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
  {
      unsigned long x;
  
      if (PyInt_Check(arg)) {
          x = PyInt_AS_LONG(arg);
          if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
              return NULL;
          if ((long)x < 0) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                "can't convert negative number to unsigned long");
              return NULL;
          }
      }
      else if (PyLong_Check(arg)) {
          x = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(arg);
          if (x == (unsigned long) -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
              return NULL;
  #if SIZEOF_LONG > 4
          {
              unsigned long y;
              /* only want the trailing 32 bits */
              y = x & 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
              if (y ^ x)
                  return PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError,
                              "long int larger than 32 bits");
              x = y;
          }
  #endif
      }
      else
          return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                              "expected int/long, %s found",
                              Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
      return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(htonl((unsigned long)x));
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(htonl_doc,
  "htonl(integer) -> integer\n\
  \n\
  Convert a 32-bit integer from host to network byte order.");
  
  /* socket.inet_aton() and socket.inet_ntoa() functions. */
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(inet_aton_doc,
  "inet_aton(string) -> packed 32-bit IP representation\n\
  \n\
  Convert an IP address in string format (123.45.67.89) to the 32-bit packed\n\
  binary format used in low-level network functions.");
  
  static PyObject*
  socket_inet_aton(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
  #ifndef INADDR_NONE
  #define INADDR_NONE (-1)
  #endif
  #ifdef HAVE_INET_ATON
      struct in_addr buf;
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(HAVE_INET_ATON) || defined(USE_INET_ATON_WEAKLINK)
  #if (SIZEOF_INT != 4)
  #error "Not sure if in_addr_t exists and int is not 32-bits."
  #endif
      /* Have to use inet_addr() instead */
      unsigned int packed_addr;
  #endif
      const char *ip_addr;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:inet_aton", &ip_addr))
          return NULL;
  
  
  #ifdef HAVE_INET_ATON
  
  #ifdef USE_INET_ATON_WEAKLINK
      if (inet_aton != NULL) {
  #endif
      if (inet_aton(ip_addr, &buf))
          return PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)(&buf),
                                            sizeof(buf));
  
      PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                      "illegal IP address string passed to inet_aton");
      return NULL;
  
  #ifdef USE_INET_ATON_WEAKLINK
     } else {
  #endif
  
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(HAVE_INET_ATON) || defined(USE_INET_ATON_WEAKLINK)
  
      /* special-case this address as inet_addr might return INADDR_NONE
       * for this */
      if (strcmp(ip_addr, "255.255.255.255") == 0) {
          packed_addr = 0xFFFFFFFF;
      } else {
  
          packed_addr = inet_addr(ip_addr);
  
          if (packed_addr == INADDR_NONE) {               /* invalid address */
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                  "illegal IP address string passed to inet_aton");
              return NULL;
          }
      }
      return PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *) &packed_addr,
                                        sizeof(packed_addr));
  
  #ifdef USE_INET_ATON_WEAKLINK
     }
  #endif
  
  #endif
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(inet_ntoa_doc,
  "inet_ntoa(packed_ip) -> ip_address_string\n\
  \n\
  Convert an IP address from 32-bit packed binary format to string format");
  
  static PyObject*
  socket_inet_ntoa(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      char *packed_str;
      int addr_len;
      struct in_addr packed_addr;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#:inet_ntoa", &packed_str, &addr_len)) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (addr_len != sizeof(packed_addr)) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
              "packed IP wrong length for inet_ntoa");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      memcpy(&packed_addr, packed_str, addr_len);
  
      return PyString_FromString(inet_ntoa(packed_addr));
  }
  
  #ifdef HAVE_INET_PTON
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(inet_pton_doc,
  "inet_pton(af, ip) -> packed IP address string\n\
  \n\
  Convert an IP address from string format to a packed string suitable\n\
  for use with low-level network functions.");
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_inet_pton(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      int af;
      const char* ip;
      int retval;
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      char packed[MAX(sizeof(struct in_addr), sizeof(struct in6_addr))];
  #else
      char packed[sizeof(struct in_addr)];
  #endif
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "is:inet_pton", &af, &ip)) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
  #if !defined(ENABLE_IPV6) && defined(AF_INET6)
      if(af == AF_INET6) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                          "can't use AF_INET6, IPv6 is disabled");
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
  
      retval = inet_pton(af, ip, packed);
      if (retval < 0) {
          PyErr_SetFromErrno(socket_error);
          return NULL;
      } else if (retval == 0) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
              "illegal IP address string passed to inet_pton");
          return NULL;
      } else if (af == AF_INET) {
          return PyString_FromStringAndSize(packed,
              sizeof(struct in_addr));
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      } else if (af == AF_INET6) {
          return PyString_FromStringAndSize(packed,
              sizeof(struct in6_addr));
  #endif
      } else {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error, "unknown address family");
          return NULL;
      }
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(inet_ntop_doc,
  "inet_ntop(af, packed_ip) -> string formatted IP address\n\
  \n\
  Convert a packed IP address of the given family to string format.");
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_inet_ntop(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      int af;
      char* packed;
      int len;
      const char* retval;
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      char ip[MAX(INET_ADDRSTRLEN, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) + 1];
  #else
      char ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN + 1];
  #endif
  
      /* Guarantee NUL-termination for PyString_FromString() below */
      memset((void *) &ip[0], '\0', sizeof(ip));
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "is#:inet_ntop", &af, &packed, &len)) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (af == AF_INET) {
          if (len != sizeof(struct in_addr)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                  "invalid length of packed IP address string");
              return NULL;
          }
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      } else if (af == AF_INET6) {
          if (len != sizeof(struct in6_addr)) {
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                  "invalid length of packed IP address string");
              return NULL;
          }
  #endif
      } else {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
              "unknown address family %d", af);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      retval = inet_ntop(af, packed, ip, sizeof(ip));
      if (!retval) {
          PyErr_SetFromErrno(socket_error);
          return NULL;
      } else {
          return PyString_FromString(retval);
      }
  
      /* NOTREACHED */
      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "invalid handling of inet_ntop");
      return NULL;
  }
  
  #endif /* HAVE_INET_PTON */
  
  /* Python interface to getaddrinfo(host, port). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_getaddrinfo(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      struct addrinfo hints, *res;
      struct addrinfo *res0 = NULL;
      PyObject *hobj = NULL;
      PyObject *pobj = (PyObject *)NULL;
      char pbuf[30];
      char *hptr, *pptr;
      int family, socktype, protocol, flags;
      int error;
      PyObject *all = (PyObject *)NULL;
      PyObject *single = (PyObject *)NULL;
      PyObject *idna = NULL;
  
      family = socktype = protocol = flags = 0;
      family = AF_UNSPEC;
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|iiii:getaddrinfo",
                            &hobj, &pobj, &family, &socktype,
                            &protocol, &flags)) {
          return NULL;
      }
      if (hobj == Py_None) {
          hptr = NULL;
      } else if (PyUnicode_Check(hobj)) {
          idna = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(hobj, "idna", NULL);
          if (!idna)
              return NULL;
          hptr = PyString_AsString(idna);
      } else if (PyString_Check(hobj)) {
          hptr = PyString_AsString(hobj);
      } else {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "getaddrinfo() argument 1 must be string or None");
          return NULL;
      }
      if (PyInt_Check(pobj) || PyLong_Check(pobj)) {
          long value = PyLong_AsLong(pobj);
          if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
              return NULL;
          PyOS_snprintf(pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), "%ld", value);
          pptr = pbuf;
      } else if (PyString_Check(pobj)) {
          pptr = PyString_AsString(pobj);
      } else if (pobj == Py_None) {
          pptr = (char *)NULL;
      } else {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                          "getaddrinfo() argument 2 must be integer or string");
          goto err;
      }
  #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(AI_NUMERICSERV)
      if ((flags & AI_NUMERICSERV) && (pptr == NULL || (pptr[0] == '0' && pptr[1] == 0))) {
          /* On OSX upto at least OSX 10.8 getaddrinfo crashes
  	 * if AI_NUMERICSERV is set and the servname is NULL or "0".
  	 * This workaround avoids a segfault in libsystem.
  	 */
          pptr = "00";
      }
  #endif
      memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
      hints.ai_family = family;
      hints.ai_socktype = socktype;
      hints.ai_protocol = protocol;
      hints.ai_flags = flags;
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      ACQUIRE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
      error = getaddrinfo(hptr, pptr, &hints, &res0);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      RELEASE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK  /* see comment in setipaddr() */
      if (error) {
          set_gaierror(error);
          goto err;
      }
  
      all = PyList_New(0);
      if (all == NULL)
          goto err;
      for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
          PyObject *addr =
              makesockaddr(-1, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, protocol);
          if (addr == NULL)
              goto err;
          single = Py_BuildValue("iiisO", res->ai_family,
              res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol,
              res->ai_canonname ? res->ai_canonname : "",
              addr);
          Py_DECREF(addr);
          if (single == NULL)
              goto err;
  
          if (PyList_Append(all, single))
              goto err;
          Py_XDECREF(single);
      }
      Py_XDECREF(idna);
      if (res0)
          freeaddrinfo(res0);
      return all;
   err:
      Py_XDECREF(single);
      Py_XDECREF(all);
      Py_XDECREF(idna);
      if (res0)
          freeaddrinfo(res0);
      return (PyObject *)NULL;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getaddrinfo_doc,
  "getaddrinfo(host, port [, family, socktype, proto, flags])\n\
      -> list of (family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr)\n\
  \n\
  Resolve host and port into addrinfo struct.");
  
  /* Python interface to getnameinfo(sa, flags). */
  
  /*ARGSUSED*/
  static PyObject *
  socket_getnameinfo(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      PyObject *sa = (PyObject *)NULL;
      int flags;
      const char *hostp;
      int port;
      unsigned int flowinfo, scope_id;
      char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
      struct addrinfo hints, *res = NULL;
      int error;
      PyObject *ret = (PyObject *)NULL;
  
      flags = flowinfo = scope_id = 0;
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi:getnameinfo", &sa, &flags))
          return NULL;
      if (!PyTuple_Check(sa)) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "getnameinfo() argument 1 must be a tuple");
          return NULL;
      }
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(sa, "si|II",
                            &hostp, &port, &flowinfo, &scope_id))
          return NULL;
      if (flowinfo > 0xfffff) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
                          "getsockaddrarg: flowinfo must be 0-1048575.");
          return NULL;
      }
      PyOS_snprintf(pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), "%d", port);
      memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
      hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
      hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;     /* make numeric port happy */
      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
      ACQUIRE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK
      error = getaddrinfo(hostp, pbuf, &hints, &res);
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      RELEASE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK  /* see comment in setipaddr() */
      if (error) {
          set_gaierror(error);
          goto fail;
      }
      if (res->ai_next) {
          PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
              "sockaddr resolved to multiple addresses");
          goto fail;
      }
      switch (res->ai_family) {
      case AF_INET:
          {
          if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(sa) != 2) {
              PyErr_SetString(socket_error,
                  "IPv4 sockaddr must be 2 tuple");
              goto fail;
          }
          break;
          }
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      case AF_INET6:
          {
          struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6;
          sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)res->ai_addr;
          sin6->sin6_flowinfo = htonl(flowinfo);
          sin6->sin6_scope_id = scope_id;
          break;
          }
  #endif
      }
      error = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                      hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), flags);
      if (error) {
          set_gaierror(error);
          goto fail;
      }
      ret = Py_BuildValue("ss", hbuf, pbuf);
  
  fail:
      if (res)
          freeaddrinfo(res);
      return ret;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getnameinfo_doc,
  "getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags) --> (host, port)\n\
  \n\
  Get host and port for a sockaddr.");
  
  
  /* Python API to getting and setting the default timeout value. */
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_getdefaulttimeout(PyObject *self)
  {
      if (defaulttimeout < 0.0) {
          Py_INCREF(Py_None);
          return Py_None;
      }
      else
          return PyFloat_FromDouble(defaulttimeout);
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(getdefaulttimeout_doc,
  "getdefaulttimeout() -> timeout\n\
  \n\
  Returns the default timeout in seconds (float) for new socket objects.\n\
  A value of None indicates that new socket objects have no timeout.\n\
  When the socket module is first imported, the default is None.");
  
  static PyObject *
  socket_setdefaulttimeout(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
  {
      double timeout;
  
      if (arg == Py_None)
          timeout = -1.0;
      else {
          timeout = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
          if (timeout < 0.0) {
              if (!PyErr_Occurred())
                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                                  "Timeout value out of range");
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  
      defaulttimeout = timeout;
  
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      return Py_None;
  }
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(setdefaulttimeout_doc,
  "setdefaulttimeout(timeout)\n\
  \n\
  Set the default timeout in seconds (float) for new socket objects.\n\
  A value of None indicates that new socket objects have no timeout.\n\
  When the socket module is first imported, the default is None.");
  
  
  /* List of functions exported by this module. */
  
  static PyMethodDef socket_methods[] = {
      {"gethostbyname",           socket_gethostbyname,
       METH_VARARGS, gethostbyname_doc},
      {"gethostbyname_ex",        socket_gethostbyname_ex,
       METH_VARARGS, ghbn_ex_doc},
      {"gethostbyaddr",           socket_gethostbyaddr,
       METH_VARARGS, gethostbyaddr_doc},
      {"gethostname",             socket_gethostname,
       METH_NOARGS,  gethostname_doc},
      {"getservbyname",           socket_getservbyname,
       METH_VARARGS, getservbyname_doc},
      {"getservbyport",           socket_getservbyport,
       METH_VARARGS, getservbyport_doc},
      {"getprotobyname",          socket_getprotobyname,
       METH_VARARGS, getprotobyname_doc},
  #ifndef NO_DUP
      {"fromfd",                  socket_fromfd,
       METH_VARARGS, fromfd_doc},
  #endif
  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKETPAIR
      {"socketpair",              socket_socketpair,
       METH_VARARGS, socketpair_doc},
  #endif
      {"ntohs",                   socket_ntohs,
       METH_VARARGS, ntohs_doc},
      {"ntohl",                   socket_ntohl,
       METH_O, ntohl_doc},
      {"htons",                   socket_htons,
       METH_VARARGS, htons_doc},
      {"htonl",                   socket_htonl,
       METH_O, htonl_doc},
      {"inet_aton",               socket_inet_aton,
       METH_VARARGS, inet_aton_doc},
      {"inet_ntoa",               socket_inet_ntoa,
       METH_VARARGS, inet_ntoa_doc},
  #ifdef HAVE_INET_PTON
      {"inet_pton",               socket_inet_pton,
       METH_VARARGS, inet_pton_doc},
      {"inet_ntop",               socket_inet_ntop,
       METH_VARARGS, inet_ntop_doc},
  #endif
      {"getaddrinfo",             socket_getaddrinfo,
       METH_VARARGS, getaddrinfo_doc},
      {"getnameinfo",             socket_getnameinfo,
       METH_VARARGS, getnameinfo_doc},
      {"getdefaulttimeout",       (PyCFunction)socket_getdefaulttimeout,
       METH_NOARGS, getdefaulttimeout_doc},
      {"setdefaulttimeout",       socket_setdefaulttimeout,
       METH_O, setdefaulttimeout_doc},
      {NULL,                      NULL}            /* Sentinel */
  };
  
  
  #ifdef RISCOS
  #define OS_INIT_DEFINED
  
  static int
  os_init(void)
  {
      _kernel_swi_regs r;
  
      r.r[0] = 0;
      _kernel_swi(0x43380, &r, &r);
      taskwindow = r.r[0];
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  #endif /* RISCOS */
  
  
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
  #define OS_INIT_DEFINED
  
  /* Additional initialization and cleanup for Windows */
  
  static void
  os_cleanup(void)
  {
      WSACleanup();
  }
  
  static int
  os_init(void)
  {
      WSADATA WSAData;
      int ret;
      char buf[100];
      ret = WSAStartup(0x0101, &WSAData);
      switch (ret) {
      case 0:     /* No error */
          Py_AtExit(os_cleanup);
          return 1; /* Success */
      case WSASYSNOTREADY:
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,
                          "WSAStartup failed: network not ready");
          break;
      case WSAVERNOTSUPPORTED:
      case WSAEINVAL:
          PyErr_SetString(
              PyExc_ImportError,
              "WSAStartup failed: requested version not supported");
          break;
      default:
          PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                        "WSAStartup failed: error code %d", ret);
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, buf);
          break;
      }
      return 0; /* Failure */
  }
  
  #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
  
  
  #ifdef PYOS_OS2
  #define OS_INIT_DEFINED
  
  /* Additional initialization for OS/2 */
  
  static int
  os_init(void)
  {
  #ifndef PYCC_GCC
      char reason[64];
      int rc = sock_init();
  
      if (rc == 0) {
          return 1; /* Success */
      }
  
      PyOS_snprintf(reason, sizeof(reason),
                    "OS/2 TCP/IP Error# %d", sock_errno());
      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, reason);
  
      return 0;  /* Failure */
  #else
      /* No need to initialize sockets with GCC/EMX */
      return 1; /* Success */
  #endif
  }
  
  #endif /* PYOS_OS2 */
  
  
  #ifndef OS_INIT_DEFINED
  static int
  os_init(void)
  {
      return 1; /* Success */
  }
  #endif
  
  
  /* C API table - always add new things to the end for binary
     compatibility. */
  static
  PySocketModule_APIObject PySocketModuleAPI =
  {
      &sock_type,
      NULL
  };
  
  
  /* Initialize the _socket module.
  
     This module is actually called "_socket", and there's a wrapper
     "socket.py" which implements some additional functionality.  On some
     platforms (e.g. Windows and OS/2), socket.py also implements a
     wrapper for the socket type that provides missing functionality such
     as makefile(), dup() and fromfd().  The import of "_socket" may fail
     with an ImportError exception if os-specific initialization fails.
     On Windows, this does WINSOCK initialization.  When WINSOCK is
     initialized successfully, a call to WSACleanup() is scheduled to be
     made at exit time.
  */
  
  PyDoc_STRVAR(socket_doc,
  "Implementation module for socket operations.\n\
  \n\
  See the socket module for documentation.");
  
  PyMODINIT_FUNC
  init_socket(void)
  {
      PyObject *m, *has_ipv6;
  
      if (!os_init())
          return;
  
      Py_TYPE(&sock_type) = &PyType_Type;
      m = Py_InitModule3(PySocket_MODULE_NAME,
                         socket_methods,
                         socket_doc);
      if (m == NULL)
          return;
  
      socket_error = PyErr_NewException("socket.error",
                                        PyExc_IOError, NULL);
      if (socket_error == NULL)
          return;
      PySocketModuleAPI.error = socket_error;
      Py_INCREF(socket_error);
      PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", socket_error);
      socket_herror = PyErr_NewException("socket.herror",
                                         socket_error, NULL);
      if (socket_herror == NULL)
          return;
      Py_INCREF(socket_herror);
      PyModule_AddObject(m, "herror", socket_herror);
      socket_gaierror = PyErr_NewException("socket.gaierror", socket_error,
          NULL);
      if (socket_gaierror == NULL)
          return;
      Py_INCREF(socket_gaierror);
      PyModule_AddObject(m, "gaierror", socket_gaierror);
      socket_timeout = PyErr_NewException("socket.timeout",
                                          socket_error, NULL);
      if (socket_timeout == NULL)
          return;
      Py_INCREF(socket_timeout);
      PyModule_AddObject(m, "timeout", socket_timeout);
      Py_INCREF((PyObject *)&sock_type);
      if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "SocketType",
                             (PyObject *)&sock_type) != 0)
          return;
      Py_INCREF((PyObject *)&sock_type);
      if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "socket",
                             (PyObject *)&sock_type) != 0)
          return;
  
  #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
      has_ipv6 = Py_True;
  #else
      has_ipv6 = Py_False;
  #endif
      Py_INCREF(has_ipv6);
      PyModule_AddObject(m, "has_ipv6", has_ipv6);
  
      /* Export C API */
      if (PyModule_AddObject(m, PySocket_CAPI_NAME,
             PyCapsule_New(&PySocketModuleAPI, PySocket_CAPSULE_NAME, NULL)
                               ) != 0)
          return;
  
      /* Address families (we only support AF_INET and AF_UNIX) */
  #ifdef AF_UNSPEC
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_UNSPEC", AF_UNSPEC);
  #endif
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_INET", AF_INET);
  #ifdef AF_INET6
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_INET6", AF_INET6);
  #endif /* AF_INET6 */
  #if defined(AF_UNIX)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_UNIX", AF_UNIX);
  #endif /* AF_UNIX */
  #ifdef AF_AX25
      /* Amateur Radio AX.25 */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_AX25", AF_AX25);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_IPX
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_IPX", AF_IPX); /* Novell IPX */
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_APPLETALK
      /* Appletalk DDP */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_APPLETALK", AF_APPLETALK);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_NETROM
      /* Amateur radio NetROM */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_NETROM", AF_NETROM);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_BRIDGE
      /* Multiprotocol bridge */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_BRIDGE", AF_BRIDGE);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_ATMPVC
      /* ATM PVCs */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_ATMPVC", AF_ATMPVC);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_AAL5
      /* Reserved for Werner's ATM */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_AAL5", AF_AAL5);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_X25
      /* Reserved for X.25 project */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_X25", AF_X25);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_INET6
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_INET6", AF_INET6); /* IP version 6 */
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_ROSE
      /* Amateur Radio X.25 PLP */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_ROSE", AF_ROSE);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_DECnet
      /* Reserved for DECnet project */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_DECnet", AF_DECnet);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_NETBEUI
      /* Reserved for 802.2LLC project */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_NETBEUI", AF_NETBEUI);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_SECURITY
      /* Security callback pseudo AF */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_SECURITY", AF_SECURITY);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_KEY
      /* PF_KEY key management API */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_KEY", AF_KEY);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_NETLINK
      /*  */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_NETLINK", AF_NETLINK);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_ROUTE", NETLINK_ROUTE);
  #ifdef NETLINK_SKIP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_SKIP", NETLINK_SKIP);
  #endif
  #ifdef NETLINK_W1
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_W1", NETLINK_W1);
  #endif
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_USERSOCK", NETLINK_USERSOCK);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_FIREWALL", NETLINK_FIREWALL);
  #ifdef NETLINK_TCPDIAG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_TCPDIAG", NETLINK_TCPDIAG);
  #endif
  #ifdef NETLINK_NFLOG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_NFLOG", NETLINK_NFLOG);
  #endif
  #ifdef NETLINK_XFRM
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_XFRM", NETLINK_XFRM);
  #endif
  #ifdef NETLINK_ARPD
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_ARPD", NETLINK_ARPD);
  #endif
  #ifdef NETLINK_ROUTE6
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_ROUTE6", NETLINK_ROUTE6);
  #endif
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_IP6_FW", NETLINK_IP6_FW);
  #ifdef NETLINK_DNRTMSG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_DNRTMSG", NETLINK_DNRTMSG);
  #endif
  #ifdef NETLINK_TAPBASE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NETLINK_TAPBASE", NETLINK_TAPBASE);
  #endif
  #endif /* AF_NETLINK */
  #ifdef AF_ROUTE
      /* Alias to emulate 4.4BSD */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_ROUTE", AF_ROUTE);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_ASH
      /* Ash */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_ASH", AF_ASH);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_ECONET
      /* Acorn Econet */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_ECONET", AF_ECONET);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_ATMSVC
      /* ATM SVCs */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_ATMSVC", AF_ATMSVC);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_SNA
      /* Linux SNA Project (nutters!) */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_SNA", AF_SNA);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_IRDA
      /* IRDA sockets */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_IRDA", AF_IRDA);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_PPPOX
      /* PPPoX sockets */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_PPPOX", AF_PPPOX);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_WANPIPE
      /* Wanpipe API Sockets */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_WANPIPE", AF_WANPIPE);
  #endif
  #ifdef AF_LLC
      /* Linux LLC */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_LLC", AF_LLC);
  #endif
  
  #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_BLUETOOTH", AF_BLUETOOTH);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "BTPROTO_L2CAP", BTPROTO_L2CAP);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "BTPROTO_HCI", BTPROTO_HCI);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_HCI", SOL_HCI);
  #if !defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__DragonFly__)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "HCI_FILTER", HCI_FILTER);
  #endif
  #if !defined(__FreeBSD__)
  #if !defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__DragonFly__)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "HCI_TIME_STAMP", HCI_TIME_STAMP);
  #endif
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "HCI_DATA_DIR", HCI_DATA_DIR);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "BTPROTO_SCO", BTPROTO_SCO);
  #endif
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "BTPROTO_RFCOMM", BTPROTO_RFCOMM);
      PyModule_AddStringConstant(m, "BDADDR_ANY", "00:00:00:00:00:00");
      PyModule_AddStringConstant(m, "BDADDR_LOCAL", "00:00:00:FF:FF:FF");
  #endif
  
  #ifdef AF_PACKET
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, AF_PACKET);
  #endif
  #ifdef PF_PACKET
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PF_PACKET);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_HOST
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_HOST);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_BROADCAST
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_BROADCAST);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_MULTICAST
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_MULTICAST);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_OTHERHOST
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_OTHERHOST);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_OUTGOING
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_OUTGOING);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_LOOPBACK
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_LOOPBACK);
  #endif
  #ifdef PACKET_FASTROUTE
      PyModule_AddIntMacro(m, PACKET_FASTROUTE);
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_TIPC_H
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AF_TIPC", AF_TIPC);
  
      /* for addresses */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ", TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_ADDR_NAME", TIPC_ADDR_NAME);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_ADDR_ID", TIPC_ADDR_ID);
  
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_ZONE_SCOPE", TIPC_ZONE_SCOPE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE", TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_NODE_SCOPE", TIPC_NODE_SCOPE);
  
      /* for setsockopt() */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_TIPC", SOL_TIPC);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_IMPORTANCE", TIPC_IMPORTANCE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_SRC_DROPPABLE", TIPC_SRC_DROPPABLE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_DEST_DROPPABLE",
                      TIPC_DEST_DROPPABLE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_CONN_TIMEOUT", TIPC_CONN_TIMEOUT);
  
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_LOW_IMPORTANCE",
                      TIPC_LOW_IMPORTANCE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE",
                      TIPC_MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_HIGH_IMPORTANCE",
                      TIPC_HIGH_IMPORTANCE);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_CRITICAL_IMPORTANCE",
                      TIPC_CRITICAL_IMPORTANCE);
  
      /* for subscriptions */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_SUB_PORTS", TIPC_SUB_PORTS);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_SUB_SERVICE", TIPC_SUB_SERVICE);
  #ifdef TIPC_SUB_CANCEL
      /* doesn't seem to be available everywhere */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_SUB_CANCEL", TIPC_SUB_CANCEL);
  #endif
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_WAIT_FOREVER", TIPC_WAIT_FOREVER);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_PUBLISHED", TIPC_PUBLISHED);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_WITHDRAWN", TIPC_WITHDRAWN);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_SUBSCR_TIMEOUT", TIPC_SUBSCR_TIMEOUT);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_CFG_SRV", TIPC_CFG_SRV);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TIPC_TOP_SRV", TIPC_TOP_SRV);
  #endif
  
      /* Socket types */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOCK_STREAM", SOCK_STREAM);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOCK_DGRAM", SOCK_DGRAM);
  #ifndef __BEOS__
  /* We have incomplete socket support. */
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOCK_RAW", SOCK_RAW);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOCK_SEQPACKET", SOCK_SEQPACKET);
  #if defined(SOCK_RDM)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOCK_RDM", SOCK_RDM);
  #endif
  #endif
  
  #ifdef  SO_DEBUG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_DEBUG", SO_DEBUG);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_ACCEPTCONN
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_ACCEPTCONN", SO_ACCEPTCONN);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_REUSEADDR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_REUSEADDR", SO_REUSEADDR);
  #endif
  #ifdef SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE", SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE);
  #endif
  
  #ifdef  SO_KEEPALIVE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_KEEPALIVE", SO_KEEPALIVE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_DONTROUTE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_DONTROUTE", SO_DONTROUTE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_BROADCAST
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_BROADCAST", SO_BROADCAST);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_USELOOPBACK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_USELOOPBACK", SO_USELOOPBACK);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_LINGER
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_LINGER", SO_LINGER);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_OOBINLINE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_OOBINLINE", SO_OOBINLINE);
  #endif
  
      if (IsReusePortAvailable()) {
          PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_REUSEPORT", SO_REUSEPORT);
      }
  
  #ifdef  SO_SNDBUF
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_SNDBUF", SO_SNDBUF);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_RCVBUF
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_RCVBUF", SO_RCVBUF);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_SNDLOWAT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_SNDLOWAT", SO_SNDLOWAT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_RCVLOWAT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_RCVLOWAT", SO_RCVLOWAT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_SNDTIMEO
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_SNDTIMEO", SO_SNDTIMEO);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_RCVTIMEO
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_RCVTIMEO", SO_RCVTIMEO);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_ERROR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_ERROR", SO_ERROR);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SO_TYPE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_TYPE", SO_TYPE);
  #endif
  #ifdef SO_SETFIB
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SO_SETFIB", SO_SETFIB);
  #endif
  
      /* Maximum number of connections for "listen" */
  #ifdef  SOMAXCONN
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOMAXCONN", SOMAXCONN);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOMAXCONN", 5); /* Common value */
  #endif
  
      /* Flags for send, recv */
  #ifdef  MSG_OOB
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_OOB", MSG_OOB);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_PEEK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_PEEK", MSG_PEEK);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_DONTROUTE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_DONTROUTE", MSG_DONTROUTE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_DONTWAIT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_DONTWAIT", MSG_DONTWAIT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_EOR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_EOR", MSG_EOR);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_TRUNC
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_TRUNC", MSG_TRUNC);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_CTRUNC
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_CTRUNC", MSG_CTRUNC);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_WAITALL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_WAITALL", MSG_WAITALL);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_BTAG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_BTAG", MSG_BTAG);
  #endif
  #ifdef  MSG_ETAG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "MSG_ETAG", MSG_ETAG);
  #endif
  
      /* Protocol level and numbers, usable for [gs]etsockopt */
  #ifdef  SOL_SOCKET
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_SOCKET", SOL_SOCKET);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_IP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_IP", SOL_IP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_IP", 0);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_IPX
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_IPX", SOL_IPX);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_AX25
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_AX25", SOL_AX25);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_ATALK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_ATALK", SOL_ATALK);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_NETROM
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_NETROM", SOL_NETROM);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_ROSE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_ROSE", SOL_ROSE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_TCP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_TCP", SOL_TCP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_TCP", 6);
  #endif
  #ifdef  SOL_UDP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_UDP", SOL_UDP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SOL_UDP", 17);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IP", IPPROTO_IP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IP", 0);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_HOPOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_HOPOPTS", IPPROTO_HOPOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_ICMP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_ICMP", IPPROTO_ICMP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_ICMP", 1);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IGMP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IGMP", IPPROTO_IGMP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_GGP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_GGP", IPPROTO_GGP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IPV4
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IPV4", IPPROTO_IPV4);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IPV6
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IPV6", IPPROTO_IPV6);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IPIP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IPIP", IPPROTO_IPIP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_TCP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_TCP", IPPROTO_TCP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_TCP", 6);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_EGP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_EGP", IPPROTO_EGP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_PUP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_PUP", IPPROTO_PUP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_UDP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_UDP", IPPROTO_UDP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_UDP", 17);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IDP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IDP", IPPROTO_IDP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_HELLO
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_HELLO", IPPROTO_HELLO);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_ND
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_ND", IPPROTO_ND);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_TP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_TP", IPPROTO_TP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IPV6
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IPV6", IPPROTO_IPV6);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_ROUTING
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_ROUTING", IPPROTO_ROUTING);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_FRAGMENT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_FRAGMENT", IPPROTO_FRAGMENT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_RSVP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_RSVP", IPPROTO_RSVP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_GRE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_GRE", IPPROTO_GRE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_ESP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_ESP", IPPROTO_ESP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_AH
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_AH", IPPROTO_AH);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_MOBILE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_MOBILE", IPPROTO_MOBILE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_ICMPV6
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_ICMPV6", IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_NONE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_NONE", IPPROTO_NONE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_DSTOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_DSTOPTS", IPPROTO_DSTOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_XTP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_XTP", IPPROTO_XTP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_EON
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_EON", IPPROTO_EON);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_PIM
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_PIM", IPPROTO_PIM);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_IPCOMP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_IPCOMP", IPPROTO_IPCOMP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_VRRP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_VRRP", IPPROTO_VRRP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_BIP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_BIP", IPPROTO_BIP);
  #endif
  /**/
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_RAW
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_RAW", IPPROTO_RAW);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_RAW", 255);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPROTO_MAX
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPROTO_MAX", IPPROTO_MAX);
  #endif
  
      /* Some port configuration */
  #ifdef  IPPORT_RESERVED
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPORT_RESERVED", IPPORT_RESERVED);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPORT_RESERVED", 1024);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPPORT_USERRESERVED
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPORT_USERRESERVED", IPPORT_USERRESERVED);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPPORT_USERRESERVED", 5000);
  #endif
  
      /* Some reserved IP v.4 addresses */
  #ifdef  INADDR_ANY
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_ANY", INADDR_ANY);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_ANY", 0x00000000);
  #endif
  #ifdef  INADDR_BROADCAST
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_BROADCAST", INADDR_BROADCAST);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_BROADCAST", 0xffffffff);
  #endif
  #ifdef  INADDR_LOOPBACK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_LOOPBACK", INADDR_LOOPBACK);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_LOOPBACK", 0x7F000001);
  #endif
  #ifdef  INADDR_UNSPEC_GROUP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_UNSPEC_GROUP", INADDR_UNSPEC_GROUP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_UNSPEC_GROUP", 0xe0000000);
  #endif
  #ifdef  INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP",
                              INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP", 0xe0000001);
  #endif
  #ifdef  INADDR_MAX_LOCAL_GROUP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_MAX_LOCAL_GROUP",
                              INADDR_MAX_LOCAL_GROUP);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_MAX_LOCAL_GROUP", 0xe00000ff);
  #endif
  #ifdef  INADDR_NONE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_NONE", INADDR_NONE);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "INADDR_NONE", 0xffffffff);
  #endif
  
      /* IPv4 [gs]etsockopt options */
  #ifdef  IP_OPTIONS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_OPTIONS", IP_OPTIONS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_HDRINCL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_HDRINCL", IP_HDRINCL);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_TOS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_TOS", IP_TOS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_TTL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_TTL", IP_TTL);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_RECVOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_RECVOPTS", IP_RECVOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_RECVRETOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_RECVRETOPTS", IP_RECVRETOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_RECVDSTADDR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_RECVDSTADDR", IP_RECVDSTADDR);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_RETOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_RETOPTS", IP_RETOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_MULTICAST_IF
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_MULTICAST_IF", IP_MULTICAST_IF);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_MULTICAST_TTL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_MULTICAST_TTL", IP_MULTICAST_TTL);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_MULTICAST_LOOP", IP_MULTICAST_LOOP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP", IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP", IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL",
                              IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP",
                              IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS", IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS);
  #endif
  
      /* IPv6 [gs]etsockopt options, defined in RFC2553 */
  #ifdef  IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_JOIN_GROUP", IPV6_JOIN_GROUP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP", IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS", IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPV6_MULTICAST_IF
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_MULTICAST_IF", IPV6_MULTICAST_IF);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP", IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS", IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS);
  #endif
      /* Additional IPV6 socket options, defined in RFC 3493 */
  #ifdef IPV6_V6ONLY
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_V6ONLY", IPV6_V6ONLY);
  #endif
      /* Advanced IPV6 socket options, from RFC 3542 */
  #ifdef IPV6_CHECKSUM
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_CHECKSUM", IPV6_CHECKSUM);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_DONTFRAG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_DONTFRAG", IPV6_DONTFRAG);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_DSTOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_DSTOPTS", IPV6_DSTOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_HOPLIMIT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_HOPLIMIT", IPV6_HOPLIMIT);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_HOPOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_HOPOPTS", IPV6_HOPOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_NEXTHOP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_NEXTHOP", IPV6_NEXTHOP);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_PATHMTU
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_PATHMTU", IPV6_PATHMTU);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_PKTINFO
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_PKTINFO", IPV6_PKTINFO);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS", IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT", IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS", IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVPKTINFO", IPV6_RECVPKTINFO);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVRTHDR", IPV6_RECVRTHDR);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVTCLASS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVTCLASS", IPV6_RECVTCLASS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RTHDR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RTHDR", IPV6_RTHDR);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS", IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0", IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_RECVPATHMTU", IPV6_RECVPATHMTU);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_TCLASS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_TCLASS", IPV6_TCLASS);
  #endif
  #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU", IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU);
  #endif
  
      /* TCP options */
  #ifdef  TCP_NODELAY
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_NODELAY", TCP_NODELAY);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_MAXSEG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_MAXSEG", TCP_MAXSEG);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_CORK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_CORK", TCP_CORK);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_KEEPIDLE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_KEEPIDLE", TCP_KEEPIDLE);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_KEEPINTVL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_KEEPINTVL", TCP_KEEPINTVL);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_KEEPCNT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_KEEPCNT", TCP_KEEPCNT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_SYNCNT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_SYNCNT", TCP_SYNCNT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_LINGER2
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_LINGER2", TCP_LINGER2);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT", TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP", TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_INFO
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_INFO", TCP_INFO);
  #endif
  #ifdef  TCP_QUICKACK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "TCP_QUICKACK", TCP_QUICKACK);
  #endif
  
  
      /* IPX options */
  #ifdef  IPX_TYPE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "IPX_TYPE", IPX_TYPE);
  #endif
  
      /* get{addr,name}info parameters */
  #ifdef EAI_ADDRFAMILY
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_ADDRFAMILY", EAI_ADDRFAMILY);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_AGAIN
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_AGAIN", EAI_AGAIN);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_BADFLAGS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_BADFLAGS", EAI_BADFLAGS);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_FAIL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_FAIL", EAI_FAIL);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_FAMILY
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_FAMILY", EAI_FAMILY);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_MEMORY
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_MEMORY", EAI_MEMORY);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_NODATA
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_NODATA", EAI_NODATA);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_NONAME
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_NONAME", EAI_NONAME);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_OVERFLOW
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_OVERFLOW", EAI_OVERFLOW);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_SERVICE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_SERVICE", EAI_SERVICE);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_SOCKTYPE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_SOCKTYPE", EAI_SOCKTYPE);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_SYSTEM
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_SYSTEM", EAI_SYSTEM);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_BADHINTS
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_BADHINTS", EAI_BADHINTS);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_PROTOCOL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_PROTOCOL", EAI_PROTOCOL);
  #endif
  #ifdef EAI_MAX
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "EAI_MAX", EAI_MAX);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_PASSIVE
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_PASSIVE", AI_PASSIVE);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_CANONNAME
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_CANONNAME", AI_CANONNAME);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_NUMERICHOST
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_NUMERICHOST", AI_NUMERICHOST);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_NUMERICSERV
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_NUMERICSERV", AI_NUMERICSERV);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_MASK
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_MASK", AI_MASK);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_ALL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_ALL", AI_ALL);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_V4MAPPED_CFG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_V4MAPPED_CFG", AI_V4MAPPED_CFG);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_ADDRCONFIG
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_ADDRCONFIG", AI_ADDRCONFIG);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_V4MAPPED
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_V4MAPPED", AI_V4MAPPED);
  #endif
  #ifdef AI_DEFAULT
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "AI_DEFAULT", AI_DEFAULT);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_MAXHOST
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_MAXHOST", NI_MAXHOST);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_MAXSERV
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_MAXSERV", NI_MAXSERV);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_NOFQDN
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_NOFQDN", NI_NOFQDN);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_NUMERICHOST
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_NUMERICHOST", NI_NUMERICHOST);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_NAMEREQD
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_NAMEREQD", NI_NAMEREQD);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_NUMERICSERV
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_NUMERICSERV", NI_NUMERICSERV);
  #endif
  #ifdef NI_DGRAM
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "NI_DGRAM", NI_DGRAM);
  #endif
  
      /* shutdown() parameters */
  #ifdef SHUT_RD
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_RD", SHUT_RD);
  #elif defined(SD_RECEIVE)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_RD", SD_RECEIVE);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_RD", 0);
  #endif
  #ifdef SHUT_WR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_WR", SHUT_WR);
  #elif defined(SD_SEND)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_WR", SD_SEND);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_WR", 1);
  #endif
  #ifdef SHUT_RDWR
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_RDWR", SHUT_RDWR);
  #elif defined(SD_BOTH)
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_RDWR", SD_BOTH);
  #else
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "SHUT_RDWR", 2);
  #endif
  
  #ifdef SIO_RCVALL
      {
          DWORD codes[] = {SIO_RCVALL, SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS};
          const char *names[] = {"SIO_RCVALL", "SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS"};
          int i;
          for(i = 0; i<sizeof(codes)/sizeof(*codes); ++i) {
              PyObject *tmp;
              tmp = PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(codes[i]);
              if (tmp == NULL)
                  return;
              PyModule_AddObject(m, names[i], tmp);
          }
      }
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "RCVALL_OFF", RCVALL_OFF);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "RCVALL_ON", RCVALL_ON);
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "RCVALL_SOCKETLEVELONLY", RCVALL_SOCKETLEVELONLY);
  #ifdef RCVALL_IPLEVEL
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "RCVALL_IPLEVEL", RCVALL_IPLEVEL);
  #endif
  #ifdef RCVALL_MAX
      PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "RCVALL_MAX", RCVALL_MAX);
  #endif
  #endif /* _MSTCPIP_ */
  
      /* Initialize gethostbyname lock */
  #if defined(USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK) || defined(USE_GETADDRINFO_LOCK)
      netdb_lock = PyThread_allocate_lock();
  #endif
  }
  
  
  #ifndef HAVE_INET_PTON
  #if !defined(NTDDI_VERSION) || (NTDDI_VERSION < NTDDI_LONGHORN)
  
  /* Simplistic emulation code for inet_pton that only works for IPv4 */
  /* These are not exposed because they do not set errno properly */
  
  int
  inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst)
  {
      if (af == AF_INET) {
  #if (SIZEOF_INT != 4)
  #error "Not sure if in_addr_t exists and int is not 32-bits."
  #endif
          unsigned int packed_addr;
          packed_addr = inet_addr(src);
          if (packed_addr == INADDR_NONE)
              return 0;
          memcpy(dst, &packed_addr, 4);
          return 1;
      }
      /* Should set errno to EAFNOSUPPORT */
      return -1;
  }
  
  const char *
  inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, socklen_t size)
  {
      if (af == AF_INET) {
          struct in_addr packed_addr;
          if (size < 16)
              /* Should set errno to ENOSPC. */
              return NULL;
          memcpy(&packed_addr, src, sizeof(packed_addr));
          return strncpy(dst, inet_ntoa(packed_addr), size);
      }
      /* Should set errno to EAFNOSUPPORT */
      return NULL;
  }
  
  #endif
  #endif
  