text: /*
   *  Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
   *
   *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
   *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
   *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
   *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
   *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
   */
  
  #include <assert.h>
  #include <limits.h>
  #include <math.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  #include "./vpx_dsp_rtcd.h"
  #include "vpx_dsp/vpx_dsp_common.h"
  #include "vpx_mem/vpx_mem.h"
  #include "vpx_ports/mem.h"
  #include "vpx_ports/system_state.h"
  
  #include "vp9/common/vp9_alloccommon.h"
  #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_cyclicrefresh.h"
  #include "vp9/common/vp9_common.h"
  #include "vp9/common/vp9_entropymode.h"
  #include "vp9/common/vp9_quant_common.h"
  #include "vp9/common/vp9_seg_common.h"
  
  #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemv.h"
  #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_ratectrl.h"
  
  // Max rate per frame for 1080P and below encodes if no level requirement given.
  // For larger formats limit to MAX_MB_RATE bits per MB
  // 4Mbits is derived from the level requirement for level 4 (1080P 30) which
  // requires that HW can sustain a rate of 16Mbits over a 4 frame group.
  // If a lower level requirement is specified then this may over ride this value.
  #define MAX_MB_RATE 250
  #define MAXRATE_1080P 4000000
  
  #define DEFAULT_KF_BOOST 2000
  #define DEFAULT_GF_BOOST 2000
  
  #define LIMIT_QRANGE_FOR_ALTREF_AND_KEY 1
  
  #define MIN_BPB_FACTOR 0.005
  #define MAX_BPB_FACTOR 50
  
  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
  #define ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(bit_depth, name)       \
    do {                                           \
      switch (bit_depth) {                         \
        case VPX_BITS_8: name = name##_8; break;   \
        case VPX_BITS_10: name = name##_10; break; \
        default:                                   \
          assert(bit_depth == VPX_BITS_12);        \
          name = name##_12;                        \
          break;                                   \
      }                                            \
    } while (0)
  #else
  #define ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(bit_depth, name) \
    do {                                     \
      (void)bit_depth;                       \
      name = name##_8;                       \
    } while (0)
  #endif
  
  // Tables relating active max Q to active min Q
  static int kf_low_motion_minq_8[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int kf_high_motion_minq_8[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int arfgf_low_motion_minq_8[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int arfgf_high_motion_minq_8[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int inter_minq_8[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int rtc_minq_8[QINDEX_RANGE];
  
  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
  static int kf_low_motion_minq_10[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int kf_high_motion_minq_10[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int arfgf_low_motion_minq_10[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int arfgf_high_motion_minq_10[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int inter_minq_10[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int rtc_minq_10[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int kf_low_motion_minq_12[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int kf_high_motion_minq_12[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int arfgf_low_motion_minq_12[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int arfgf_high_motion_minq_12[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int inter_minq_12[QINDEX_RANGE];
  static int rtc_minq_12[QINDEX_RANGE];
  #endif
  
  #ifdef AGGRESSIVE_VBR
  static int gf_high = 2400;
  static int gf_low = 400;
  static int kf_high = 4000;
  static int kf_low = 400;
  #else
  static int gf_high = 2000;
  static int gf_low = 400;
  static int kf_high = 4800;
  static int kf_low = 300;
  #endif
  
  // Functions to compute the active minq lookup table entries based on a
  // formulaic approach to facilitate easier adjustment of the Q tables.
  // The formulae were derived from computing a 3rd order polynomial best
  // fit to the original data (after plotting real maxq vs minq (not q index))
  static int get_minq_index(double maxq, double x3, double x2, double x1,
                            vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    int i;
    const double minqtarget = VPXMIN(((x3 * maxq + x2) * maxq + x1) * maxq, maxq);
  
    // Special case handling to deal with the step from q2.0
    // down to lossless mode represented by q 1.0.
    if (minqtarget <= 2.0) return 0;
  
    for (i = 0; i < QINDEX_RANGE; i++) {
      if (minqtarget <= vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth)) return i;
    }
  
    return QINDEX_RANGE - 1;
  }
  
  static void init_minq_luts(int *kf_low_m, int *kf_high_m, int *arfgf_low,
                             int *arfgf_high, int *inter, int *rtc,
                             vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < QINDEX_RANGE; i++) {
      const double maxq = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth);
      kf_low_m[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.000001, -0.0004, 0.150, bit_depth);
      kf_high_m[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.0000021, -0.00125, 0.45, bit_depth);
  #ifdef AGGRESSIVE_VBR
      arfgf_low[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.0000015, -0.0009, 0.275, bit_depth);
      inter[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.00000271, -0.00113, 0.80, bit_depth);
  #else
      arfgf_low[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.0000015, -0.0009, 0.30, bit_depth);
      inter[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.00000271, -0.00113, 0.70, bit_depth);
  #endif
      arfgf_high[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.0000021, -0.00125, 0.55, bit_depth);
      rtc[i] = get_minq_index(maxq, 0.00000271, -0.00113, 0.70, bit_depth);
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_init_minq_luts(void) {
    init_minq_luts(kf_low_motion_minq_8, kf_high_motion_minq_8,
                   arfgf_low_motion_minq_8, arfgf_high_motion_minq_8,
                   inter_minq_8, rtc_minq_8, VPX_BITS_8);
  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
    init_minq_luts(kf_low_motion_minq_10, kf_high_motion_minq_10,
                   arfgf_low_motion_minq_10, arfgf_high_motion_minq_10,
                   inter_minq_10, rtc_minq_10, VPX_BITS_10);
    init_minq_luts(kf_low_motion_minq_12, kf_high_motion_minq_12,
                   arfgf_low_motion_minq_12, arfgf_high_motion_minq_12,
                   inter_minq_12, rtc_minq_12, VPX_BITS_12);
  #endif
  }
  
  // These functions use formulaic calculations to make playing with the
  // quantizer tables easier. If necessary they can be replaced by lookup
  // tables if and when things settle down in the experimental bitstream
  double vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(int qindex, vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
  // Convert the index to a real Q value (scaled down to match old Q values)
  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
    switch (bit_depth) {
      case VPX_BITS_8: return vp9_ac_quant(qindex, 0, bit_depth) / 4.0;
      case VPX_BITS_10: return vp9_ac_quant(qindex, 0, bit_depth) / 16.0;
      default:
        assert(bit_depth == VPX_BITS_12);
        return vp9_ac_quant(qindex, 0, bit_depth) / 64.0;
    }
  #else
    return vp9_ac_quant(qindex, 0, bit_depth) / 4.0;
  #endif
  }
  
  int vp9_convert_q_to_qindex(double q_val, vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    int i;
  
    for (i = 0; i < QINDEX_RANGE; ++i)
      if (vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth) >= q_val) break;
  
    if (i == QINDEX_RANGE) i--;
  
    return i;
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(FRAME_TYPE frame_type, int qindex,
                         double correction_factor, vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    const double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, bit_depth);
    int enumerator = frame_type == KEY_FRAME ? 2700000 : 1800000;
  
    assert(correction_factor <= MAX_BPB_FACTOR &&
           correction_factor >= MIN_BPB_FACTOR);
  
    // q based adjustment to baseline enumerator
    enumerator += (int)(enumerator * q) >> 12;
    return (int)(enumerator * correction_factor / q);
  }
  
  int vp9_estimate_bits_at_q(FRAME_TYPE frame_type, int q, int mbs,
                             double correction_factor,
                             vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    const int bpm =
        (int)(vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(frame_type, q, correction_factor, bit_depth));
    return VPXMAX(FRAME_OVERHEAD_BITS,
                  (int)(((uint64_t)bpm * mbs) >> BPER_MB_NORMBITS));
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(const VP9_COMP *const cpi, int target) {
    const RATE_CONTROL *rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
  
    if (cpi->oxcf.pass != 2) {
      const int min_frame_target =
          VPXMAX(rc->min_frame_bandwidth, rc->avg_frame_bandwidth >> 5);
      if (target < min_frame_target) target = min_frame_target;
      if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame && rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref) {
        // If there is an active ARF at this location use the minimum
        // bits on this frame even if it is a constructed arf.
        // The active maximum quantizer insures that an appropriate
        // number of bits will be spent if needed for constructed ARFs.
        target = min_frame_target;
      }
    }
  
    // Clip the frame target to the maximum allowed value.
    if (target > rc->max_frame_bandwidth) target = rc->max_frame_bandwidth;
  
    if (oxcf->rc_max_inter_bitrate_pct) {
      const int max_rate =
          rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * oxcf->rc_max_inter_bitrate_pct / 100;
      target = VPXMIN(target, max_rate);
    }
    return target;
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(const VP9_COMP *const cpi, int target) {
    const RATE_CONTROL *rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    if (oxcf->rc_max_intra_bitrate_pct) {
      const int max_rate =
          rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * oxcf->rc_max_intra_bitrate_pct / 100;
      target = VPXMIN(target, max_rate);
    }
    if (target > rc->max_frame_bandwidth) target = rc->max_frame_bandwidth;
    return target;
  }
  
  // Update the buffer level before encoding with the per-frame-bandwidth,
  static void update_buffer_level_preencode(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    rc->bits_off_target += rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    // Clip the buffer level to the maximum specified buffer size.
    rc->bits_off_target = VPXMIN(rc->bits_off_target, rc->maximum_buffer_size);
    rc->buffer_level = rc->bits_off_target;
  }
  
  // Update the buffer level before encoding with the per-frame-bandwidth
  // for SVC. The current and all upper temporal layers are updated, needed
  // for the layered rate control which involves cumulative buffer levels for
  // the temporal layers. Allow for using the timestamp(pts) delta for the
  // framerate when the set_ref_frame_config is used.
  static void update_buffer_level_svc_preencode(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
    int i;
    // Set this to 1 to use timestamp delta for "framerate" under
    // ref_frame_config usage.
    int use_timestamp = 1;
    const int64_t ts_delta =
        svc->time_stamp_superframe - svc->time_stamp_prev[svc->spatial_layer_id];
    for (i = svc->temporal_layer_id; i < svc->number_temporal_layers; ++i) {
      const int layer =
          LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, i, svc->number_temporal_layers);
      LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
      RATE_CONTROL *const lrc = &lc->rc;
      if (use_timestamp && cpi->svc.use_set_ref_frame_config &&
          svc->number_temporal_layers == 1 && ts_delta > 0 &&
          svc->current_superframe > 0) {
        // TODO(marpan): This may need to be modified for temporal layers.
        const double framerate_pts = 10000000.0 / ts_delta;
        lrc->bits_off_target += (int)(lc->target_bandwidth / framerate_pts);
      } else {
        lrc->bits_off_target += (int)(lc->target_bandwidth / lc->framerate);
      }
      // Clip buffer level to maximum buffer size for the layer.
      lrc->bits_off_target =
          VPXMIN(lrc->bits_off_target, lrc->maximum_buffer_size);
      lrc->buffer_level = lrc->bits_off_target;
      if (i == svc->temporal_layer_id) {
        cpi->rc.bits_off_target = lrc->bits_off_target;
        cpi->rc.buffer_level = lrc->buffer_level;
      }
    }
  }
  
  // Update the buffer level for higher temporal layers, given the encoded current
  // temporal layer.
  static void update_layer_buffer_level_postencode(SVC *svc,
                                                   int encoded_frame_size) {
    int i = 0;
    const int current_temporal_layer = svc->temporal_layer_id;
    for (i = current_temporal_layer + 1; i < svc->number_temporal_layers; ++i) {
      const int layer =
          LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, i, svc->number_temporal_layers);
      LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
      RATE_CONTROL *lrc = &lc->rc;
      lrc->bits_off_target -= encoded_frame_size;
      // Clip buffer level to maximum buffer size for the layer.
      lrc->bits_off_target =
          VPXMIN(lrc->bits_off_target, lrc->maximum_buffer_size);
      lrc->buffer_level = lrc->bits_off_target;
    }
  }
  
  // Update the buffer level after encoding with encoded frame size.
  static void update_buffer_level_postencode(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                             int encoded_frame_size) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    rc->bits_off_target -= encoded_frame_size;
    // Clip the buffer level to the maximum specified buffer size.
    rc->bits_off_target = VPXMIN(rc->bits_off_target, rc->maximum_buffer_size);
    // For screen-content mode, and if frame-dropper is off, don't let buffer
    // level go below threshold, given here as -rc->maximum_ buffer_size.
    if (cpi->oxcf.content == VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN &&
        cpi->oxcf.drop_frames_water_mark == 0)
      rc->bits_off_target = VPXMAX(rc->bits_off_target, -rc->maximum_buffer_size);
  
    rc->buffer_level = rc->bits_off_target;
  
    if (is_one_pass_cbr_svc(cpi)) {
      update_layer_buffer_level_postencode(&cpi->svc, encoded_frame_size);
    }
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_get_default_min_gf_interval(int width, int height,
                                         double framerate) {
    // Assume we do not need any constraint lower than 4K 20 fps
    static const double factor_safe = 3840 * 2160 * 20.0;
    const double factor = width * height * framerate;
    const int default_interval =
        clamp((int)(framerate * 0.125), MIN_GF_INTERVAL, MAX_GF_INTERVAL);
  
    if (factor <= factor_safe)
      return default_interval;
    else
      return VPXMAX(default_interval,
                    (int)(MIN_GF_INTERVAL * factor / factor_safe + 0.5));
    // Note this logic makes:
    // 4K24: 5
    // 4K30: 6
    // 4K60: 12
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_get_default_max_gf_interval(double framerate, int min_gf_interval) {
    int interval = VPXMIN(MAX_GF_INTERVAL, (int)(framerate * 0.75));
    interval += (interval & 0x01);  // Round to even value
    return VPXMAX(interval, min_gf_interval);
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_init(const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf, int pass, RATE_CONTROL *rc) {
    int i;
  
    if (pass == 0 && oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CBR) {
      rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] = oxcf->worst_allowed_q;
      rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] = oxcf->worst_allowed_q;
    } else {
      rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] =
          (oxcf->worst_allowed_q + oxcf->best_allowed_q) / 2;
      rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] =
          (oxcf->worst_allowed_q + oxcf->best_allowed_q) / 2;
    }
  
    rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] = oxcf->best_allowed_q;
    rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME] = oxcf->worst_allowed_q;
  
    rc->buffer_level = rc->starting_buffer_level;
    rc->bits_off_target = rc->starting_buffer_level;
  
    rc->rolling_target_bits = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    rc->rolling_actual_bits = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    rc->long_rolling_target_bits = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    rc->long_rolling_actual_bits = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
  
    rc->total_actual_bits = 0;
    rc->total_target_bits = 0;
    rc->total_target_vs_actual = 0;
    rc->avg_frame_low_motion = 0;
    rc->count_last_scene_change = 0;
    rc->af_ratio_onepass_vbr = 10;
    rc->prev_avg_source_sad_lag = 0;
    rc->high_source_sad = 0;
    rc->reset_high_source_sad = 0;
    rc->high_source_sad_lagindex = -1;
    rc->high_num_blocks_with_motion = 0;
    rc->hybrid_intra_scene_change = 0;
    rc->re_encode_maxq_scene_change = 0;
    rc->alt_ref_gf_group = 0;
    rc->last_frame_is_src_altref = 0;
    rc->fac_active_worst_inter = 150;
    rc->fac_active_worst_gf = 100;
    rc->force_qpmin = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < MAX_LAG_BUFFERS; ++i) rc->avg_source_sad[i] = 0;
    rc->frames_since_key = 8;  // Sensible default for first frame.
    rc->this_key_frame_forced = 0;
    rc->next_key_frame_forced = 0;
    rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
    rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
  
    rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = 0;
    rc->ni_av_qi = oxcf->worst_allowed_q;
    rc->ni_tot_qi = 0;
    rc->ni_frames = 0;
  
    rc->tot_q = 0.0;
    rc->avg_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(oxcf->worst_allowed_q, oxcf->bit_depth);
  
    for (i = 0; i < RATE_FACTOR_LEVELS; ++i) {
      rc->rate_correction_factors[i] = 1.0;
    }
  
    rc->min_gf_interval = oxcf->min_gf_interval;
    rc->max_gf_interval = oxcf->max_gf_interval;
    if (rc->min_gf_interval == 0)
      rc->min_gf_interval = vp9_rc_get_default_min_gf_interval(
          oxcf->width, oxcf->height, oxcf->init_framerate);
    if (rc->max_gf_interval == 0)
      rc->max_gf_interval = vp9_rc_get_default_max_gf_interval(
          oxcf->init_framerate, rc->min_gf_interval);
    rc->baseline_gf_interval = (rc->min_gf_interval + rc->max_gf_interval) / 2;
  
    rc->force_max_q = 0;
    rc->last_post_encode_dropped_scene_change = 0;
    rc->use_post_encode_drop = 0;
    rc->ext_use_post_encode_drop = 0;
  }
  
  static int check_buffer_above_thresh(VP9_COMP *cpi, int drop_mark) {
    SVC *svc = &cpi->svc;
    if (!cpi->use_svc || cpi->svc.framedrop_mode != FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP) {
      RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
      return (rc->buffer_level > drop_mark);
    } else {
      int i;
      // For SVC in the FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP): the condition on
      // buffer (if its above threshold, so no drop) is checked on current and
      // upper spatial layers. If any spatial layer is not above threshold then
      // we return 0.
      for (i = svc->spatial_layer_id; i < svc->number_spatial_layers; ++i) {
        const int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(i, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                                           svc->number_temporal_layers);
        LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
        RATE_CONTROL *lrc = &lc->rc;
        // Exclude check for layer whose bitrate is 0.
        if (lc->target_bandwidth > 0) {
          const int drop_mark_layer = (int)(cpi->svc.framedrop_thresh[i] *
                                            lrc->optimal_buffer_level / 100);
          if (!(lrc->buffer_level > drop_mark_layer)) return 0;
        }
      }
      return 1;
    }
  }
  
  static int check_buffer_below_thresh(VP9_COMP *cpi, int drop_mark) {
    SVC *svc = &cpi->svc;
    if (!cpi->use_svc || cpi->svc.framedrop_mode == LAYER_DROP) {
      RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
      return (rc->buffer_level <= drop_mark);
    } else {
      int i;
      // For SVC in the constrained framedrop mode (svc->framedrop_mode =
      // CONSTRAINED_LAYER_DROP or FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP): the condition on
      // buffer (if its below threshold, so drop frame) is checked on current
      // and upper spatial layers. For FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP mode if any
      // spatial layer is <= threshold, then we return 1 (drop).
      for (i = svc->spatial_layer_id; i < svc->number_spatial_layers; ++i) {
        const int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(i, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                                           svc->number_temporal_layers);
        LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
        RATE_CONTROL *lrc = &lc->rc;
        // Exclude check for layer whose bitrate is 0.
        if (lc->target_bandwidth > 0) {
          const int drop_mark_layer = (int)(cpi->svc.framedrop_thresh[i] *
                                            lrc->optimal_buffer_level / 100);
          if (cpi->svc.framedrop_mode == FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP) {
            if (lrc->buffer_level <= drop_mark_layer) return 1;
          } else {
            if (!(lrc->buffer_level <= drop_mark_layer)) return 0;
          }
        }
      }
      if (cpi->svc.framedrop_mode == FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP)
        return 0;
      else
        return 1;
    }
  }
  
  static int drop_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    SVC *svc = &cpi->svc;
    int drop_frames_water_mark = oxcf->drop_frames_water_mark;
    if (cpi->use_svc) {
      // If we have dropped max_consec_drop frames, then we don't
      // drop this spatial layer, and reset counter to 0.
      if (svc->drop_count[svc->spatial_layer_id] == svc->max_consec_drop) {
        svc->drop_count[svc->spatial_layer_id] = 0;
        return 0;
      } else {
        drop_frames_water_mark = svc->framedrop_thresh[svc->spatial_layer_id];
      }
    }
    if (!drop_frames_water_mark ||
        (svc->spatial_layer_id > 0 &&
         svc->framedrop_mode == FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP)) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      if ((rc->buffer_level < 0 && svc->framedrop_mode != FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP) ||
          (check_buffer_below_thresh(cpi, -1) &&
           svc->framedrop_mode == FULL_SUPERFRAME_DROP)) {
        // Always drop if buffer is below 0.
        return 1;
      } else {
        // If buffer is below drop_mark, for now just drop every other frame
        // (starting with the next frame) until it increases back over drop_mark.
        int drop_mark =
            (int)(drop_frames_water_mark * rc->optimal_buffer_level / 100);
        if (check_buffer_above_thresh(cpi, drop_mark) &&
            (rc->decimation_factor > 0)) {
          --rc->decimation_factor;
        } else if (check_buffer_below_thresh(cpi, drop_mark) &&
                   rc->decimation_factor == 0) {
          rc->decimation_factor = 1;
        }
        if (rc->decimation_factor > 0) {
          if (rc->decimation_count > 0) {
            --rc->decimation_count;
            return 1;
          } else {
            rc->decimation_count = rc->decimation_factor;
            return 0;
          }
        } else {
          rc->decimation_count = 0;
          return 0;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  int post_encode_drop_screen_content(VP9_COMP *cpi, size_t *size) {
    size_t frame_size = *size << 3;
    int64_t new_buffer_level =
        cpi->rc.buffer_level + cpi->rc.avg_frame_bandwidth - (int64_t)frame_size;
  
    // For now we drop if new buffer level (given the encoded frame size) goes
    // below 0.
    if (new_buffer_level < 0) {
      *size = 0;
      vp9_rc_postencode_update_drop_frame(cpi);
      // Update flag to use for next frame.
      if (cpi->rc.high_source_sad ||
          (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.high_source_sad_superframe))
        cpi->rc.last_post_encode_dropped_scene_change = 1;
      // Force max_q on next fame.
      cpi->rc.force_max_q = 1;
      cpi->rc.avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] = cpi->rc.worst_quality;
      cpi->last_frame_dropped = 1;
      cpi->ext_refresh_frame_flags_pending = 0;
      if (cpi->use_svc) {
        cpi->svc.last_layer_dropped[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id] = 1;
        cpi->svc.drop_spatial_layer[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id] = 1;
        cpi->svc.drop_count[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id]++;
        cpi->svc.skip_enhancement_layer = 1;
      }
      return 1;
    }
  
    cpi->rc.force_max_q = 0;
    cpi->rc.last_post_encode_dropped_scene_change = 0;
    return 0;
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_drop_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    SVC *svc = &cpi->svc;
    int svc_prev_layer_dropped = 0;
    // In the constrained or full_superframe framedrop mode for svc
    // (framedrop_mode !=  LAYER_DROP), if the previous spatial layer was
    // dropped, drop the current spatial layer.
    if (cpi->use_svc && svc->spatial_layer_id > 0 &&
        svc->drop_spatial_layer[svc->spatial_layer_id - 1])
      svc_prev_layer_dropped = 1;
    if ((svc_prev_layer_dropped && svc->framedrop_mode != LAYER_DROP) ||
        drop_frame(cpi)) {
      vp9_rc_postencode_update_drop_frame(cpi);
      cpi->ext_refresh_frame_flags_pending = 0;
      cpi->last_frame_dropped = 1;
      if (cpi->use_svc) {
        svc->last_layer_dropped[svc->spatial_layer_id] = 1;
        svc->drop_spatial_layer[svc->spatial_layer_id] = 1;
        svc->drop_count[svc->spatial_layer_id]++;
        svc->skip_enhancement_layer = 1;
        if (svc->framedrop_mode == LAYER_DROP ||
            svc->drop_spatial_layer[0] == 0) {
          // For the case of constrained drop mode where the base is dropped
          // (drop_spatial_layer[0] == 1), which means full superframe dropped,
          // we don't increment the svc frame counters. In particular temporal
          // layer counter (which is incremented in vp9_inc_frame_in_layer())
          // won't be incremented, so on a dropped frame we try the same
          // temporal_layer_id on next incoming frame. This is to avoid an
          // issue with temporal alignement with full superframe dropping.
          vp9_inc_frame_in_layer(cpi);
        }
        if (svc->spatial_layer_id == svc->number_spatial_layers - 1) {
          int i;
          int all_layers_drop = 1;
          for (i = 0; i < svc->spatial_layer_id; i++) {
            if (svc->drop_spatial_layer[i] == 0) {
              all_layers_drop = 0;
              break;
            }
          }
          if (all_layers_drop == 1) svc->skip_enhancement_layer = 0;
        }
      }
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  
  static int adjust_q_cbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int q) {
    // This makes sure q is between oscillating Qs to prevent resonance.
    if (!cpi->rc.reset_high_source_sad &&
        (!cpi->oxcf.gf_cbr_boost_pct ||
         !(cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame || cpi->refresh_golden_frame)) &&
        (cpi->rc.rc_1_frame * cpi->rc.rc_2_frame == -1) &&
        cpi->rc.q_1_frame != cpi->rc.q_2_frame) {
      int qclamp = clamp(q, VPXMIN(cpi->rc.q_1_frame, cpi->rc.q_2_frame),
                         VPXMAX(cpi->rc.q_1_frame, cpi->rc.q_2_frame));
      // If the previous frame had overshoot and the current q needs to increase
      // above the clamped value, reduce the clamp for faster reaction to
      // overshoot.
      if (cpi->rc.rc_1_frame == -1 && q > qclamp)
        q = (q + qclamp) >> 1;
      else
        q = qclamp;
    }
    if (cpi->oxcf.content == VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN)
      vp9_cyclic_refresh_limit_q(cpi, &q);
    return q;
  }
  
  static double get_rate_correction_factor(const VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    double rcf;
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      rcf = rc->rate_correction_factors[KF_STD];
    } else if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 2) {
      RATE_FACTOR_LEVEL rf_lvl =
          cpi->twopass.gf_group.rf_level[cpi->twopass.gf_group.index];
      rcf = rc->rate_correction_factors[rf_lvl];
    } else {
      if ((cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame || cpi->refresh_golden_frame) &&
          !rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref && !cpi->use_svc &&
          (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode != VPX_CBR || cpi->oxcf.gf_cbr_boost_pct > 100))
        rcf = rc->rate_correction_factors[GF_ARF_STD];
      else
        rcf = rc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL];
    }
    rcf *= rcf_mult[rc->frame_size_selector];
    return fclamp(rcf, MIN_BPB_FACTOR, MAX_BPB_FACTOR);
  }
  
  static void set_rate_correction_factor(VP9_COMP *cpi, double factor) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  
    // Normalize RCF to account for the size-dependent scaling factor.
    factor /= rcf_mult[cpi->rc.frame_size_selector];
  
    factor = fclamp(factor, MIN_BPB_FACTOR, MAX_BPB_FACTOR);
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      rc->rate_correction_factors[KF_STD] = factor;
    } else if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 2) {
      RATE_FACTOR_LEVEL rf_lvl =
          cpi->twopass.gf_group.rf_level[cpi->twopass.gf_group.index];
      rc->rate_correction_factors[rf_lvl] = factor;
    } else {
      if ((cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame || cpi->refresh_golden_frame) &&
          !rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref && !cpi->use_svc &&
          (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode != VPX_CBR || cpi->oxcf.gf_cbr_boost_pct > 100))
        rc->rate_correction_factors[GF_ARF_STD] = factor;
      else
        rc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] = factor;
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_update_rate_correction_factors(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    int correction_factor = 100;
    double rate_correction_factor = get_rate_correction_factor(cpi);
    double adjustment_limit;
  
    int projected_size_based_on_q = 0;
  
    // Do not update the rate factors for arf overlay frames.
    if (cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref) return;
  
    // Clear down mmx registers to allow floating point in what follows
    vpx_clear_system_state();
  
    // Work out how big we would have expected the frame to be at this Q given
    // the current correction factor.
    // Stay in double to avoid int overflow when values are large
    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cpi->common.seg.enabled) {
      projected_size_based_on_q =
          vp9_cyclic_refresh_estimate_bits_at_q(cpi, rate_correction_factor);
    } else {
      FRAME_TYPE frame_type = cm->intra_only ? KEY_FRAME : cm->frame_type;
      projected_size_based_on_q =
          vp9_estimate_bits_at_q(frame_type, cm->base_qindex, cm->MBs,
                                 rate_correction_factor, cm->bit_depth);
    }
    // Work out a size correction factor.
    if (projected_size_based_on_q > FRAME_OVERHEAD_BITS)
      correction_factor = (int)((100 * (int64_t)cpi->rc.projected_frame_size) /
                                projected_size_based_on_q);
  
    // More heavily damped adjustment used if we have been oscillating either side
    // of target.
    adjustment_limit =
        0.25 + 0.5 * VPXMIN(1, fabs(log10(0.01 * correction_factor)));
  
    cpi->rc.q_2_frame = cpi->rc.q_1_frame;
    cpi->rc.q_1_frame = cm->base_qindex;
    cpi->rc.rc_2_frame = cpi->rc.rc_1_frame;
    if (correction_factor > 110)
      cpi->rc.rc_1_frame = -1;
    else if (correction_factor < 90)
      cpi->rc.rc_1_frame = 1;
    else
      cpi->rc.rc_1_frame = 0;
  
    // Turn off oscilation detection in the case of massive overshoot.
    if (cpi->rc.rc_1_frame == -1 && cpi->rc.rc_2_frame == 1 &&
        correction_factor > 1000) {
      cpi->rc.rc_2_frame = 0;
    }
  
    if (correction_factor > 102) {
      // We are not already at the worst allowable quality
      correction_factor =
          (int)(100 + ((correction_factor - 100) * adjustment_limit));
      rate_correction_factor = (rate_correction_factor * correction_factor) / 100;
      // Keep rate_correction_factor within limits
      if (rate_correction_factor > MAX_BPB_FACTOR)
        rate_correction_factor = MAX_BPB_FACTOR;
    } else if (correction_factor < 99) {
      // We are not already at the best allowable quality
      correction_factor =
          (int)(100 - ((100 - correction_factor) * adjustment_limit));
      rate_correction_factor = (rate_correction_factor * correction_factor) / 100;
  
      // Keep rate_correction_factor within limits
      if (rate_correction_factor < MIN_BPB_FACTOR)
        rate_correction_factor = MIN_BPB_FACTOR;
    }
  
    set_rate_correction_factor(cpi, rate_correction_factor);
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_regulate_q(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int target_bits_per_frame,
                        int active_best_quality, int active_worst_quality) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
    int q = active_worst_quality;
    int last_error = INT_MAX;
    int i, target_bits_per_mb, bits_per_mb_at_this_q;
    const double correction_factor = get_rate_correction_factor(cpi);
  
    // Calculate required scaling factor based on target frame size and size of
    // frame produced using previous Q.
    target_bits_per_mb =
        (int)(((uint64_t)target_bits_per_frame << BPER_MB_NORMBITS) / cm->MBs);
  
    i = active_best_quality;
  
    do {
      if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cm->seg.enabled &&
          cr->apply_cyclic_refresh &&
          (!cpi->oxcf.gf_cbr_boost_pct || !cpi->refresh_golden_frame)) {
        bits_per_mb_at_this_q =
            (int)vp9_cyclic_refresh_rc_bits_per_mb(cpi, i, correction_factor);
      } else {
        FRAME_TYPE frame_type = cm->intra_only ? KEY_FRAME : cm->frame_type;
        bits_per_mb_at_this_q = (int)vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(
            frame_type, i, correction_factor, cm->bit_depth);
      }
  
      if (bits_per_mb_at_this_q <= target_bits_per_mb) {
        if ((target_bits_per_mb - bits_per_mb_at_this_q) <= last_error)
          q = i;
        else
          q = i - 1;
  
        break;
      } else {
        last_error = bits_per_mb_at_this_q - target_bits_per_mb;
      }
    } while (++i <= active_worst_quality);
  
    // Adjustment to q for CBR mode.
    if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CBR) return adjust_q_cbr(cpi, q);
  
    return q;
  }
  
  static int get_active_quality(int q, int gfu_boost, int low, int high,
                                int *low_motion_minq, int *high_motion_minq) {
    if (gfu_boost > high) {
      return low_motion_minq[q];
    } else if (gfu_boost < low) {
      return high_motion_minq[q];
    } else {
      const int gap = high - low;
      const int offset = high - gfu_boost;
      const int qdiff = high_motion_minq[q] - low_motion_minq[q];
      const int adjustment = ((offset * qdiff) + (gap >> 1)) / gap;
      return low_motion_minq[q] + adjustment;
    }
  }
  
  static int get_kf_active_quality(const RATE_CONTROL *const rc, int q,
                                   vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    int *kf_low_motion_minq;
    int *kf_high_motion_minq;
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(bit_depth, kf_low_motion_minq);
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(bit_depth, kf_high_motion_minq);
    return get_active_quality(q, rc->kf_boost, kf_low, kf_high,
                              kf_low_motion_minq, kf_high_motion_minq);
  }
  
  static int get_gf_active_quality(const VP9_COMP *const cpi, int q,
                                   vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    const GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &cpi->twopass.gf_group;
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  
    int *arfgf_low_motion_minq;
    int *arfgf_high_motion_minq;
    const int gfu_boost = cpi->multi_layer_arf
                              ? gf_group->gfu_boost[gf_group->index]
                              : rc->gfu_boost;
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(bit_depth, arfgf_low_motion_minq);
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(bit_depth, arfgf_high_motion_minq);
    return get_active_quality(q, gfu_boost, gf_low, gf_high,
                              arfgf_low_motion_minq, arfgf_high_motion_minq);
  }
  
  static int calc_active_worst_quality_one_pass_vbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const unsigned int curr_frame = cpi->common.current_video_frame;
    int active_worst_quality;
  
    if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
      active_worst_quality =
          curr_frame == 0 ? rc->worst_quality : rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] << 1;
    } else {
      if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
          (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)) {
        active_worst_quality =
            curr_frame == 1
                ? rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] * 5 >> 2
                : rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME] * rc->fac_active_worst_gf / 100;
      } else {
        active_worst_quality = curr_frame == 1
                                   ? rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] << 1
                                   : rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] *
                                         rc->fac_active_worst_inter / 100;
      }
    }
    return VPXMIN(active_worst_quality, rc->worst_quality);
  }
  
  // Adjust active_worst_quality level based on buffer level.
  static int calc_active_worst_quality_one_pass_cbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    // Adjust active_worst_quality: If buffer is above the optimal/target level,
    // bring active_worst_quality down depending on fullness of buffer.
    // If buffer is below the optimal level, let the active_worst_quality go from
    // ambient Q (at buffer = optimal level) to worst_quality level
    // (at buffer = critical level).
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    const RATE_CONTROL *rc = &cpi->rc;
    // Buffer level below which we push active_worst to worst_quality.
    int64_t critical_level = rc->optimal_buffer_level >> 3;
    int64_t buff_lvl_step = 0;
    int adjustment = 0;
    int active_worst_quality;
    int ambient_qp;
    unsigned int num_frames_weight_key = 5 * cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers;
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm) || rc->reset_high_source_sad || rc->force_max_q)
      return rc->worst_quality;
    // For ambient_qp we use minimum of avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME/INTER_FRAME]
    // for the first few frames following key frame. These are both initialized
    // to worst_quality and updated with (3/4, 1/4) average in postencode_update.
    // So for first few frames following key, the qp of that key frame is weighted
    // into the active_worst_quality setting.
    ambient_qp = (cm->current_video_frame < num_frames_weight_key)
                     ? VPXMIN(rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME],
                              rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME])
                     : rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME];
    active_worst_quality = VPXMIN(rc->worst_quality, (ambient_qp * 5) >> 2);
    // For SVC if the current base spatial layer was key frame, use the QP from
    // that base layer for ambient_qp.
    if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id > 0) {
      int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(0, cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id,
                                   cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers);
      const LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &cpi->svc.layer_context[layer];
      if (lc->is_key_frame) {
        const RATE_CONTROL *lrc = &lc->rc;
        ambient_qp = VPXMIN(ambient_qp, lrc->last_q[KEY_FRAME]);
        active_worst_quality = VPXMIN(rc->worst_quality, (ambient_qp * 9) >> 3);
      }
    }
    if (rc->buffer_level > rc->optimal_buffer_level) {
      // Adjust down.
      // Maximum limit for down adjustment ~30%; make it lower for screen content.
      int max_adjustment_down = active_worst_quality / 3;
      if (cpi->oxcf.content == VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN)
        max_adjustment_down = active_worst_quality >> 3;
      if (max_adjustment_down) {
        buff_lvl_step = ((rc->maximum_buffer_size - rc->optimal_buffer_level) /
                         max_adjustment_down);
        if (buff_lvl_step)
          adjustment = (int)((rc->buffer_level - rc->optimal_buffer_level) /
                             buff_lvl_step);
        active_worst_quality -= adjustment;
      }
    } else if (rc->buffer_level > critical_level) {
      // Adjust up from ambient Q.
      if (critical_level) {
        buff_lvl_step = (rc->optimal_buffer_level - critical_level);
        if (buff_lvl_step) {
          adjustment = (int)((rc->worst_quality - ambient_qp) *
                             (rc->optimal_buffer_level - rc->buffer_level) /
                             buff_lvl_step);
        }
        active_worst_quality = ambient_qp + adjustment;
      }
    } else {
      // Set to worst_quality if buffer is below critical level.
      active_worst_quality = rc->worst_quality;
    }
    return active_worst_quality;
  }
  
  static int rc_pick_q_and_bounds_one_pass_cbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                               int *bottom_index,
                                               int *top_index) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int active_best_quality;
    int active_worst_quality = calc_active_worst_quality_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
    int q;
    int *rtc_minq;
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(cm->bit_depth, rtc_minq);
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      active_best_quality = rc->best_quality;
      // Handle the special case for key frames forced when we have reached
      // the maximum key frame interval. Here force the Q to a range
      // based on the ambient Q to reduce the risk of popping.
      if (rc->this_key_frame_forced) {
        int qindex = rc->last_boosted_qindex;
        double last_boosted_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
        int delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(
            rc, last_boosted_q, (last_boosted_q * 0.75), cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality = VPXMAX(qindex + delta_qindex, rc->best_quality);
      } else if (cm->current_video_frame > 0) {
        // not first frame of one pass and kf_boost is set
        double q_adj_factor = 1.0;
        double q_val;
  
        active_best_quality = get_kf_active_quality(
            rc, rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME], cm->bit_depth);
  
        // Allow somewhat lower kf minq with small image formats.
        if ((cm->width * cm->height) <= (352 * 288)) {
          q_adj_factor -= 0.25;
        }
  
        // Convert the adjustment factor to a qindex delta
        // on active_best_quality.
        q_val = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(active_best_quality, cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality +=
            vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, q_val, q_val * q_adj_factor, cm->bit_depth);
      }
    } else if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref && !cpi->use_svc &&
               (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)) {
      // Use the lower of active_worst_quality and recent
      // average Q as basis for GF/ARF best Q limit unless last frame was
      // a key frame.
      if (rc->frames_since_key > 1 &&
          rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < active_worst_quality) {
        q = rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME];
      } else {
        q = active_worst_quality;
      }
      active_best_quality = get_gf_active_quality(cpi, q, cm->bit_depth);
    } else {
      // Use the lower of active_worst_quality and recent/average Q.
      if (cm->current_video_frame > 1) {
        if (rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < active_worst_quality)
          active_best_quality = rtc_minq[rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME]];
        else
          active_best_quality = rtc_minq[active_worst_quality];
      } else {
        if (rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] < active_worst_quality)
          active_best_quality = rtc_minq[rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME]];
        else
          active_best_quality = rtc_minq[active_worst_quality];
      }
    }
  
    // Clip the active best and worst quality values to limits
    active_best_quality =
        clamp(active_best_quality, rc->best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
    active_worst_quality =
        clamp(active_worst_quality, active_best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
  
    *top_index = active_worst_quality;
    *bottom_index = active_best_quality;
  
    // Special case code to try and match quality with forced key frames
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm) && rc->this_key_frame_forced) {
      q = rc->last_boosted_qindex;
    } else {
      q = vp9_rc_regulate_q(cpi, rc->this_frame_target, active_best_quality,
                            active_worst_quality);
      if (q > *top_index) {
        // Special case when we are targeting the max allowed rate
        if (rc->this_frame_target >= rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
          *top_index = q;
        else
          q = *top_index;
      }
    }
    assert(*top_index <= rc->worst_quality && *top_index >= rc->best_quality);
    assert(*bottom_index <= rc->worst_quality &&
           *bottom_index >= rc->best_quality);
    assert(q <= rc->worst_quality && q >= rc->best_quality);
    return q;
  }
  
  static int get_active_cq_level_one_pass(const RATE_CONTROL *rc,
                                          const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf) {
    static const double cq_adjust_threshold = 0.1;
    int active_cq_level = oxcf->cq_level;
    if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CQ && rc->total_target_bits > 0) {
      const double x = (double)rc->total_actual_bits / rc->total_target_bits;
      if (x < cq_adjust_threshold) {
        active_cq_level = (int)(active_cq_level * x / cq_adjust_threshold);
      }
    }
    return active_cq_level;
  }
  
  #define SMOOTH_PCT_MIN 0.1
  #define SMOOTH_PCT_DIV 0.05
  static int get_active_cq_level_two_pass(const TWO_PASS *twopass,
                                          const RATE_CONTROL *rc,
                                          const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf) {
    static const double cq_adjust_threshold = 0.1;
    int active_cq_level = oxcf->cq_level;
    if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CQ) {
      if (twopass->mb_smooth_pct > SMOOTH_PCT_MIN) {
        active_cq_level -=
            (int)((twopass->mb_smooth_pct - SMOOTH_PCT_MIN) / SMOOTH_PCT_DIV);
        active_cq_level = VPXMAX(active_cq_level, 0);
      }
      if (rc->total_target_bits > 0) {
        const double x = (double)rc->total_actual_bits / rc->total_target_bits;
        if (x < cq_adjust_threshold) {
          active_cq_level = (int)(active_cq_level * x / cq_adjust_threshold);
        }
      }
    }
    return active_cq_level;
  }
  
  static int rc_pick_q_and_bounds_one_pass_vbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                               int *bottom_index,
                                               int *top_index) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    const int cq_level = get_active_cq_level_one_pass(rc, oxcf);
    int active_best_quality;
    int active_worst_quality = calc_active_worst_quality_one_pass_vbr(cpi);
    int q;
    int *inter_minq;
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(cm->bit_depth, inter_minq);
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
        int qindex = cq_level;
        double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
        int delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, q, q * 0.25, cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality = VPXMAX(qindex + delta_qindex, rc->best_quality);
      } else if (rc->this_key_frame_forced) {
        // Handle the special case for key frames forced when we have reached
        // the maximum key frame interval. Here force the Q to a range
        // based on the ambient Q to reduce the risk of popping.
        int qindex = rc->last_boosted_qindex;
        double last_boosted_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
        int delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(
            rc, last_boosted_q, last_boosted_q * 0.75, cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality = VPXMAX(qindex + delta_qindex, rc->best_quality);
      } else {
        // not first frame of one pass and kf_boost is set
        double q_adj_factor = 1.0;
        double q_val;
  
        active_best_quality = get_kf_active_quality(
            rc, rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME], cm->bit_depth);
  
        // Allow somewhat lower kf minq with small image formats.
        if ((cm->width * cm->height) <= (352 * 288)) {
          q_adj_factor -= 0.25;
        }
  
        // Convert the adjustment factor to a qindex delta
        // on active_best_quality.
        q_val = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(active_best_quality, cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality +=
            vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, q_val, q_val * q_adj_factor, cm->bit_depth);
      }
    } else if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
               (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)) {
      // Use the lower of active_worst_quality and recent
      // average Q as basis for GF/ARF best Q limit unless last frame was
      // a key frame.
      if (rc->frames_since_key > 1) {
        if (rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < active_worst_quality) {
          q = rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME];
        } else {
          q = active_worst_quality;
        }
      } else {
        q = rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME];
      }
      // For constrained quality dont allow Q less than the cq level
      if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CQ) {
        if (q < cq_level) q = cq_level;
  
        active_best_quality = get_gf_active_quality(cpi, q, cm->bit_depth);
  
        // Constrained quality use slightly lower active best.
        active_best_quality = active_best_quality * 15 / 16;
  
      } else if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
        int qindex = cq_level;
        double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
        int delta_qindex;
        if (cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)
          delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, q, q * 0.40, cm->bit_depth);
        else
          delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, q, q * 0.50, cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality = VPXMAX(qindex + delta_qindex, rc->best_quality);
      } else {
        active_best_quality = get_gf_active_quality(cpi, q, cm->bit_depth);
      }
    } else {
      if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
        int qindex = cq_level;
        double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
        double delta_rate[FIXED_GF_INTERVAL] = { 0.50, 1.0, 0.85, 1.0,
                                                 0.70, 1.0, 0.85, 1.0 };
        int delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(
            rc, q, q * delta_rate[cm->current_video_frame % FIXED_GF_INTERVAL],
            cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality = VPXMAX(qindex + delta_qindex, rc->best_quality);
      } else {
        // Use the min of the average Q and active_worst_quality as basis for
        // active_best.
        if (cm->current_video_frame > 1) {
          q = VPXMIN(rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME], active_worst_quality);
          active_best_quality = inter_minq[q];
        } else {
          active_best_quality = inter_minq[rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME]];
        }
        // For the constrained quality mode we don't want
        // q to fall below the cq level.
        if ((oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CQ) && (active_best_quality < cq_level)) {
          active_best_quality = cq_level;
        }
      }
    }
  
    // Clip the active best and worst quality values to limits
    active_best_quality =
        clamp(active_best_quality, rc->best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
    active_worst_quality =
        clamp(active_worst_quality, active_best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
  
    *top_index = active_worst_quality;
    *bottom_index = active_best_quality;
  
  #if LIMIT_QRANGE_FOR_ALTREF_AND_KEY
    {
      int qdelta = 0;
      vpx_clear_system_state();
  
      // Limit Q range for the adaptive loop.
      if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME && !rc->this_key_frame_forced &&
          !(cm->current_video_frame == 0)) {
        qdelta = vp9_compute_qdelta_by_rate(
            &cpi->rc, cm->frame_type, active_worst_quality, 2.0, cm->bit_depth);
      } else if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
                 (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)) {
        qdelta = vp9_compute_qdelta_by_rate(
            &cpi->rc, cm->frame_type, active_worst_quality, 1.75, cm->bit_depth);
      }
      if (rc->high_source_sad && cpi->sf.use_altref_onepass) qdelta = 0;
      *top_index = active_worst_quality + qdelta;
      *top_index = (*top_index > *bottom_index) ? *top_index : *bottom_index;
    }
  #endif
  
    if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
      q = active_best_quality;
      // Special case code to try and match quality with forced key frames
    } else if ((cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) && rc->this_key_frame_forced) {
      q = rc->last_boosted_qindex;
    } else {
      q = vp9_rc_regulate_q(cpi, rc->this_frame_target, active_best_quality,
                            active_worst_quality);
      if (q > *top_index) {
        // Special case when we are targeting the max allowed rate
        if (rc->this_frame_target >= rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
          *top_index = q;
        else
          q = *top_index;
      }
    }
  
    assert(*top_index <= rc->worst_quality && *top_index >= rc->best_quality);
    assert(*bottom_index <= rc->worst_quality &&
           *bottom_index >= rc->best_quality);
    assert(q <= rc->worst_quality && q >= rc->best_quality);
    return q;
  }
  
  int vp9_frame_type_qdelta(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int rf_level, int q) {
    static const double rate_factor_deltas[RATE_FACTOR_LEVELS] = {
      1.00,  // INTER_NORMAL
      1.00,  // INTER_HIGH
      1.50,  // GF_ARF_LOW
      1.75,  // GF_ARF_STD
      2.00,  // KF_STD
    };
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  
    int qdelta = vp9_compute_qdelta_by_rate(
        &cpi->rc, cm->frame_type, q, rate_factor_deltas[rf_level], cm->bit_depth);
    return qdelta;
  }
  
  #define STATIC_MOTION_THRESH 95
  static int rc_pick_q_and_bounds_two_pass(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int *bottom_index,
                                           int *top_index, int gf_group_index) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    const GF_GROUP *gf_group = &cpi->twopass.gf_group;
    const int cq_level = get_active_cq_level_two_pass(&cpi->twopass, rc, oxcf);
    int active_best_quality;
    int active_worst_quality = cpi->twopass.active_worst_quality;
    int q;
    int *inter_minq;
    ASSIGN_MINQ_TABLE(cm->bit_depth, inter_minq);
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      if (rc->frames_to_key == 1 && oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
        // If the next frame is also a key frame or the current frame is the
        // only frame in the sequence in AOM_Q mode, just use the cq_level
        // as q.
        active_best_quality = cq_level;
        active_worst_quality = cq_level;
      } else if (rc->this_key_frame_forced) {
        // Handle the special case for key frames forced when we have reached
        // the maximum key frame interval. Here force the Q to a range
        // based on the ambient Q to reduce the risk of popping.
        double last_boosted_q;
        int delta_qindex;
        int qindex;
  
        if (cpi->twopass.last_kfgroup_zeromotion_pct >= STATIC_MOTION_THRESH) {
          qindex = VPXMIN(rc->last_kf_qindex, rc->last_boosted_qindex);
          active_best_quality = qindex;
          last_boosted_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
          delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, last_boosted_q,
                                            last_boosted_q * 1.25, cm->bit_depth);
          active_worst_quality =
              VPXMIN(qindex + delta_qindex, active_worst_quality);
        } else {
          qindex = rc->last_boosted_qindex;
          last_boosted_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
          delta_qindex = vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, last_boosted_q,
                                            last_boosted_q * 0.75, cm->bit_depth);
          active_best_quality = VPXMAX(qindex + delta_qindex, rc->best_quality);
        }
      } else {
        // Not forced keyframe.
        double q_adj_factor = 1.0;
        double q_val;
        // Baseline value derived from cpi->active_worst_quality and kf boost.
        active_best_quality =
            get_kf_active_quality(rc, active_worst_quality, cm->bit_depth);
        if (cpi->twopass.kf_zeromotion_pct >= STATIC_KF_GROUP_THRESH) {
          active_best_quality /= 4;
        }
  
        // Dont allow the active min to be lossless (q0) unlesss the max q
        // already indicates lossless.
        active_best_quality =
            VPXMIN(active_worst_quality, VPXMAX(1, active_best_quality));
  
        // Allow somewhat lower kf minq with small image formats.
        if ((cm->width * cm->height) <= (352 * 288)) {
          q_adj_factor -= 0.25;
        }
  
        // Make a further adjustment based on the kf zero motion measure.
        q_adj_factor += 0.05 - (0.001 * (double)cpi->twopass.kf_zeromotion_pct);
  
        // Convert the adjustment factor to a qindex delta
        // on active_best_quality.
        q_val = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(active_best_quality, cm->bit_depth);
        active_best_quality +=
            vp9_compute_qdelta(rc, q_val, q_val * q_adj_factor, cm->bit_depth);
      }
    } else if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
               (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)) {
      // Use the lower of active_worst_quality and recent
      // average Q as basis for GF/ARF best Q limit unless last frame was
      // a key frame.
      if (rc->frames_since_key > 1 &&
          rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < active_worst_quality) {
        q = rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME];
      } else {
        q = active_worst_quality;
      }
      // For constrained quality dont allow Q less than the cq level
      if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CQ) {
        if (q < cq_level) q = cq_level;
  
        active_best_quality = get_gf_active_quality(cpi, q, cm->bit_depth);
  
        // Constrained quality use slightly lower active best.
        active_best_quality = active_best_quality * 15 / 16;
  
        // Modify best quality for second level arfs. For mode VPX_Q this
        // becomes the baseline frame q.
        if (gf_group->rf_level[gf_group_index] == GF_ARF_LOW) {
          const int layer_depth = gf_group->layer_depth[gf_group_index];
          // linearly fit the frame q depending on the layer depth index from
          // the base layer ARF.
          active_best_quality =
              ((layer_depth - 1) * q + active_best_quality + layer_depth / 2) /
              layer_depth;
        }
      } else if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
        if (!cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame) {
          active_best_quality = cq_level;
        } else {
          active_best_quality = get_gf_active_quality(cpi, q, cm->bit_depth);
  
          // Modify best quality for second level arfs. For mode VPX_Q this
          // becomes the baseline frame q.
          if (gf_group->rf_level[gf_group_index] == GF_ARF_LOW) {
            const int layer_depth = gf_group->layer_depth[gf_group_index];
            // linearly fit the frame q depending on the layer depth index from
            // the base layer ARF.
            active_best_quality = ((layer_depth - 1) * cq_level +
                                   active_best_quality + layer_depth / 2) /
                                  layer_depth;
          }
        }
      } else {
        active_best_quality = get_gf_active_quality(cpi, q, cm->bit_depth);
      }
    } else {
      if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
        active_best_quality = cq_level;
      } else {
        active_best_quality = inter_minq[active_worst_quality];
  
        // For the constrained quality mode we don't want
        // q to fall below the cq level.
        if ((oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CQ) && (active_best_quality < cq_level)) {
          active_best_quality = cq_level;
        }
      }
    }
  
    // Extension to max or min Q if undershoot or overshoot is outside
    // the permitted range.
    if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode != VPX_Q) {
      if (frame_is_intra_only(cm) ||
          (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
           (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame))) {
        active_best_quality -=
            (cpi->twopass.extend_minq + cpi->twopass.extend_minq_fast);
        active_worst_quality += (cpi->twopass.extend_maxq / 2);
      } else {
        active_best_quality -=
            (cpi->twopass.extend_minq + cpi->twopass.extend_minq_fast) / 2;
        active_worst_quality += cpi->twopass.extend_maxq;
      }
    }
  
    // For normal frames do not allow an active minq lower than the q used for
    // the last boosted frame.
    if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm) &&
        (!(cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame) ||
         rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref)) {
      active_best_quality = VPXMAX(active_best_quality, rc->last_boosted_qindex);
    }
  
  #if LIMIT_QRANGE_FOR_ALTREF_AND_KEY
    vpx_clear_system_state();
    // Static forced key frames Q restrictions dealt with elsewhere.
    if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm) || !rc->this_key_frame_forced ||
        cpi->twopass.last_kfgroup_zeromotion_pct < STATIC_MOTION_THRESH) {
      int qdelta = vp9_frame_type_qdelta(cpi, gf_group->rf_level[gf_group_index],
                                         active_worst_quality);
      active_worst_quality =
          VPXMAX(active_worst_quality + qdelta, active_best_quality);
    }
  #endif
  
    // Modify active_best_quality for downscaled normal frames.
    if (rc->frame_size_selector != UNSCALED && !frame_is_kf_gf_arf(cpi)) {
      int qdelta = vp9_compute_qdelta_by_rate(
          rc, cm->frame_type, active_best_quality, 2.0, cm->bit_depth);
      active_best_quality =
          VPXMAX(active_best_quality + qdelta, rc->best_quality);
    }
  
    active_best_quality =
        clamp(active_best_quality, rc->best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
    active_worst_quality =
        clamp(active_worst_quality, active_best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
  
    if (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
      q = active_best_quality;
      // Special case code to try and match quality with forced key frames.
    } else if (frame_is_intra_only(cm) && rc->this_key_frame_forced) {
      // If static since last kf use better of last boosted and last kf q.
      if (cpi->twopass.last_kfgroup_zeromotion_pct >= STATIC_MOTION_THRESH) {
        q = VPXMIN(rc->last_kf_qindex, rc->last_boosted_qindex);
      } else {
        q = rc->last_boosted_qindex;
      }
    } else {
      q = vp9_rc_regulate_q(cpi, rc->this_frame_target, active_best_quality,
                            active_worst_quality);
      if (q > active_worst_quality) {
        // Special case when we are targeting the max allowed rate.
        if (rc->this_frame_target >= rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
          active_worst_quality = q;
        else
          q = active_worst_quality;
      }
    }
    clamp(q, active_best_quality, active_worst_quality);
  
    *top_index = active_worst_quality;
    *bottom_index = active_best_quality;
  
    assert(*top_index <= rc->worst_quality && *top_index >= rc->best_quality);
    assert(*bottom_index <= rc->worst_quality &&
           *bottom_index >= rc->best_quality);
    assert(q <= rc->worst_quality && q >= rc->best_quality);
    return q;
  }
  
  int vp9_rc_pick_q_and_bounds(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int *bottom_index,
                               int *top_index) {
    int q;
    const int gf_group_index = cpi->twopass.gf_group.index;
    if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 0) {
      if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CBR)
        q = rc_pick_q_and_bounds_one_pass_cbr(cpi, bottom_index, top_index);
      else
        q = rc_pick_q_and_bounds_one_pass_vbr(cpi, bottom_index, top_index);
    } else {
      q = rc_pick_q_and_bounds_two_pass(cpi, bottom_index, top_index,
                                        gf_group_index);
    }
    if (cpi->sf.use_nonrd_pick_mode) {
      if (cpi->sf.force_frame_boost == 1) q -= cpi->sf.max_delta_qindex;
  
      if (q < *bottom_index)
        *bottom_index = q;
      else if (q > *top_index)
        *top_index = q;
    }
    return q;
  }
  
  void vp9_configure_buffer_updates(VP9_COMP *cpi, int gf_group_index) {
    VP9_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
    TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
  
    cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 0;
    cm->show_existing_frame = 0;
    switch (twopass->gf_group.update_type[gf_group_index]) {
      case KF_UPDATE:
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
        break;
      case LF_UPDATE:
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
        break;
      case GF_UPDATE:
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
        break;
      case OVERLAY_UPDATE:
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
        cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 1;
        break;
      case MID_OVERLAY_UPDATE:
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
        cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 1;
        break;
      case USE_BUF_FRAME:
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
        cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 1;
        cm->show_existing_frame = 1;
        cm->refresh_frame_context = 0;
        break;
      default:
        assert(twopass->gf_group.update_type[gf_group_index] == ARF_UPDATE);
        cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
        cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
        break;
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_estimate_qp_gop(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    int gop_length = cpi->twopass.gf_group.gf_group_size;
    int bottom_index, top_index;
    int idx;
    const int gf_index = cpi->twopass.gf_group.index;
    const int is_src_frame_alt_ref = cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref;
    const int refresh_frame_context = cpi->common.refresh_frame_context;
  
    for (idx = 1; idx <= gop_length; ++idx) {
      TplDepFrame *tpl_frame = &cpi->tpl_stats[idx];
      int target_rate = cpi->twopass.gf_group.bit_allocation[idx];
      cpi->twopass.gf_group.index = idx;
      vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate);
      vp9_configure_buffer_updates(cpi, idx);
      tpl_frame->base_qindex =
          rc_pick_q_and_bounds_two_pass(cpi, &bottom_index, &top_index, idx);
      tpl_frame->base_qindex = VPXMAX(tpl_frame->base_qindex, 1);
    }
    // Reset the actual index and frame update
    cpi->twopass.gf_group.index = gf_index;
    cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = is_src_frame_alt_ref;
    cpi->common.refresh_frame_context = refresh_frame_context;
    vp9_configure_buffer_updates(cpi, gf_index);
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_compute_frame_size_bounds(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int frame_target,
                                        int *frame_under_shoot_limit,
                                        int *frame_over_shoot_limit) {
    if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
      *frame_under_shoot_limit = 0;
      *frame_over_shoot_limit = INT_MAX;
    } else {
      // For very small rate targets where the fractional adjustment
      // may be tiny make sure there is at least a minimum range.
      const int tol_low = (cpi->sf.recode_tolerance_low * frame_target) / 100;
      const int tol_high = (cpi->sf.recode_tolerance_high * frame_target) / 100;
      *frame_under_shoot_limit = VPXMAX(frame_target - tol_low - 100, 0);
      *frame_over_shoot_limit =
          VPXMIN(frame_target + tol_high + 100, cpi->rc.max_frame_bandwidth);
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_set_frame_target(VP9_COMP *cpi, int target) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  
    rc->this_frame_target = target;
  
    // Modify frame size target when down-scaling.
    if (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode == RESIZE_DYNAMIC &&
        rc->frame_size_selector != UNSCALED)
      rc->this_frame_target = (int)(rc->this_frame_target *
                                    rate_thresh_mult[rc->frame_size_selector]);
  
    // Target rate per SB64 (including partial SB64s.
    rc->sb64_target_rate = (int)(((int64_t)rc->this_frame_target * 64 * 64) /
                                 (cm->width * cm->height));
  }
  
  static void update_alt_ref_frame_stats(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    // this frame refreshes means next frames don't unless specified by user
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    rc->frames_since_golden = 0;
  
    // Mark the alt ref as done (setting to 0 means no further alt refs pending).
    rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
  
    // Set the alternate reference frame active flag
    rc->source_alt_ref_active = 1;
  }
  
  static void update_golden_frame_stats(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  
    // Update the Golden frame usage counts.
    if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame) {
      // this frame refreshes means next frames don't unless specified by user
      rc->frames_since_golden = 0;
  
      // If we are not using alt ref in the up and coming group clear the arf
      // active flag. In multi arf group case, if the index is not 0 then
      // we are overlaying a mid group arf so should not reset the flag.
      if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 2) {
        if (!rc->source_alt_ref_pending && (cpi->twopass.gf_group.index == 0))
          rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
      } else if (!rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
        rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
      }
  
      // Decrement count down till next gf
      if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due > 0) rc->frames_till_gf_update_due--;
  
    } else if (!cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame) {
      // Decrement count down till next gf
      if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due > 0) rc->frames_till_gf_update_due--;
  
      rc->frames_since_golden++;
    }
  }
  
  static void update_altref_usage(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    int sum_ref_frame_usage = 0;
    int arf_frame_usage = 0;
    int mi_row, mi_col;
    if (cpi->rc.alt_ref_gf_group && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
        !cpi->refresh_golden_frame && !cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame)
      for (mi_row = 0; mi_row < cm->mi_rows; mi_row += 8) {
        for (mi_col = 0; mi_col < cm->mi_cols; mi_col += 8) {
          int sboffset = ((cm->mi_cols + 7) >> 3) * (mi_row >> 3) + (mi_col >> 3);
          sum_ref_frame_usage += cpi->count_arf_frame_usage[sboffset] +
                                 cpi->count_lastgolden_frame_usage[sboffset];
          arf_frame_usage += cpi->count_arf_frame_usage[sboffset];
        }
      }
    if (sum_ref_frame_usage > 0) {
      double altref_count = 100.0 * arf_frame_usage / sum_ref_frame_usage;
      cpi->rc.perc_arf_usage =
          0.75 * cpi->rc.perc_arf_usage + 0.25 * altref_count;
    }
  }
  
  static void compute_frame_low_motion(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    int mi_row, mi_col;
    MODE_INFO **mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const int rows = cm->mi_rows, cols = cm->mi_cols;
    int cnt_zeromv = 0;
    for (mi_row = 0; mi_row < rows; mi_row++) {
      for (mi_col = 0; mi_col < cols; mi_col++) {
        if (mi[0]->ref_frame[0] == LAST_FRAME &&
            abs(mi[0]->mv[0].as_mv.row) < 16 && abs(mi[0]->mv[0].as_mv.col) < 16)
          cnt_zeromv++;
        mi++;
      }
      mi += 8;
    }
    cnt_zeromv = 100 * cnt_zeromv / (rows * cols);
    rc->avg_frame_low_motion = (3 * rc->avg_frame_low_motion + cnt_zeromv) >> 2;
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_postencode_update(VP9_COMP *cpi, uint64_t bytes_used) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
    const int qindex = cm->base_qindex;
  
    // Update rate control heuristics
    rc->projected_frame_size = (int)(bytes_used << 3);
  
    // Post encode loop adjustment of Q prediction.
    vp9_rc_update_rate_correction_factors(cpi);
  
    // Keep a record of last Q and ambient average Q.
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] = qindex;
      rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] =
          ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(3 * rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] + qindex, 2);
      if (cpi->use_svc) {
        int i = 0;
        SVC *svc = &cpi->svc;
        for (i = 0; i < svc->number_temporal_layers; ++i) {
          const int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, i,
                                             svc->number_temporal_layers);
          LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
          RATE_CONTROL *lrc = &lc->rc;
          lrc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] = rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME];
          lrc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] = rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME];
        }
      }
    } else {
      if ((cpi->use_svc && oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CBR) ||
          (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
           !(cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame))) {
        rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME] = qindex;
        rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] =
            ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(3 * rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] + qindex, 2);
        rc->ni_frames++;
        rc->tot_q += vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, cm->bit_depth);
        rc->avg_q = rc->tot_q / rc->ni_frames;
        // Calculate the average Q for normal inter frames (not key or GFU
        // frames).
        rc->ni_tot_qi += qindex;
        rc->ni_av_qi = rc->ni_tot_qi / rc->ni_frames;
      }
    }
  
    // Keep record of last boosted (KF/KF/ARF) Q value.
    // If the current frame is coded at a lower Q then we also update it.
    // If all mbs in this group are skipped only update if the Q value is
    // better than that already stored.
    // This is used to help set quality in forced key frames to reduce popping
    if ((qindex < rc->last_boosted_qindex) || (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) ||
        (!rc->constrained_gf_group &&
         (cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame ||
          (cpi->refresh_golden_frame && !rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref)))) {
      rc->last_boosted_qindex = qindex;
    }
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) rc->last_kf_qindex = qindex;
  
    update_buffer_level_postencode(cpi, rc->projected_frame_size);
  
    // Rolling monitors of whether we are over or underspending used to help
    // regulate min and Max Q in two pass.
    if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
      rc->rolling_target_bits = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(
          rc->rolling_target_bits * 3 + rc->this_frame_target, 2);
      rc->rolling_actual_bits = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(
          rc->rolling_actual_bits * 3 + rc->projected_frame_size, 2);
      rc->long_rolling_target_bits = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(
          rc->long_rolling_target_bits * 31 + rc->this_frame_target, 5);
      rc->long_rolling_actual_bits = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(
          rc->long_rolling_actual_bits * 31 + rc->projected_frame_size, 5);
    }
  
    // Actual bits spent
    rc->total_actual_bits += rc->projected_frame_size;
    rc->total_target_bits += cm->show_frame ? rc->avg_frame_bandwidth : 0;
  
    rc->total_target_vs_actual = rc->total_actual_bits - rc->total_target_bits;
  
    if (!cpi->use_svc) {
      if (is_altref_enabled(cpi) && cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame &&
          (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)))
        // Update the alternate reference frame stats as appropriate.
        update_alt_ref_frame_stats(cpi);
      else
        // Update the Golden frame stats as appropriate.
        update_golden_frame_stats(cpi);
    }
  
    // If second (long term) temporal reference is used for SVC,
    // update the golden frame counter, only for base temporal layer.
    if (cpi->use_svc && svc->use_gf_temporal_ref_current_layer &&
        svc->temporal_layer_id == 0) {
      int i = 0;
      if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame)
        rc->frames_since_golden = 0;
      else
        rc->frames_since_golden++;
      // Decrement count down till next gf
      if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due > 0) rc->frames_till_gf_update_due--;
      // Update the frames_since_golden for all upper temporal layers.
      for (i = 1; i < svc->number_temporal_layers; ++i) {
        const int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, i,
                                           svc->number_temporal_layers);
        LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
        RATE_CONTROL *const lrc = &lc->rc;
        lrc->frames_since_golden = rc->frames_since_golden;
      }
    }
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm)) rc->frames_since_key = 0;
    if (cm->show_frame) {
      rc->frames_since_key++;
      rc->frames_to_key--;
    }
  
    // Trigger the resizing of the next frame if it is scaled.
    if (oxcf->pass != 0) {
      cpi->resize_pending =
          rc->next_frame_size_selector != rc->frame_size_selector;
      rc->frame_size_selector = rc->next_frame_size_selector;
    }
  
    if (oxcf->pass == 0) {
      if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm) &&
          (!cpi->use_svc ||
           (cpi->use_svc &&
            !svc->layer_context[svc->temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame &&
            svc->spatial_layer_id == svc->number_spatial_layers - 1))) {
        compute_frame_low_motion(cpi);
        if (cpi->sf.use_altref_onepass) update_altref_usage(cpi);
      }
      // For SVC: set avg_frame_low_motion (only computed on top spatial layer)
      // to all lower spatial layers.
      if (cpi->use_svc &&
          svc->spatial_layer_id == svc->number_spatial_layers - 1) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < svc->number_spatial_layers - 1; ++i) {
          const int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(i, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                                             svc->number_temporal_layers);
          LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
          RATE_CONTROL *const lrc = &lc->rc;
          lrc->avg_frame_low_motion = rc->avg_frame_low_motion;
        }
      }
      cpi->rc.last_frame_is_src_altref = cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref;
    }
    if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)) rc->reset_high_source_sad = 0;
  
    rc->last_avg_frame_bandwidth = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    if (cpi->use_svc && svc->spatial_layer_id < svc->number_spatial_layers - 1)
      svc->lower_layer_qindex = cm->base_qindex;
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_postencode_update_drop_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    cpi->common.current_video_frame++;
    cpi->rc.frames_since_key++;
    cpi->rc.frames_to_key--;
    cpi->rc.rc_2_frame = 0;
    cpi->rc.rc_1_frame = 0;
    cpi->rc.last_avg_frame_bandwidth = cpi->rc.avg_frame_bandwidth;
    // For SVC on dropped frame when framedrop_mode != LAYER_DROP:
    // in this mode the whole superframe may be dropped if only a single layer
    // has buffer underflow (below threshold). Since this can then lead to
    // increasing buffer levels/overflow for certain layers even though whole
    // superframe is dropped, we cap buffer level if its already stable.
    if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.framedrop_mode != LAYER_DROP &&
        cpi->rc.buffer_level > cpi->rc.optimal_buffer_level)
      cpi->rc.buffer_level = cpi->rc.optimal_buffer_level;
  }
  
  static int calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(const VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
    const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    const int af_ratio = rc->af_ratio_onepass_vbr;
    int target =
        (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
         (cpi->refresh_golden_frame || cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame))
            ? (rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * rc->baseline_gf_interval * af_ratio) /
                  (rc->baseline_gf_interval + af_ratio - 1)
            : (rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * rc->baseline_gf_interval) /
                  (rc->baseline_gf_interval + af_ratio - 1);
    return vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target);
  }
  
  static int calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(const VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
    static const int kf_ratio = 25;
    const RATE_CONTROL *rc = &cpi->rc;
    const int target = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * kf_ratio;
    return vp9_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(cpi, target);
  }
  
  static void adjust_gfint_frame_constraint(VP9_COMP *cpi, int frame_constraint) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    rc->constrained_gf_group = 0;
    // Reset gf interval to make more equal spacing for frame_constraint.
    if ((frame_constraint <= 7 * rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 2) &&
        (frame_constraint > rc->baseline_gf_interval)) {
      rc->baseline_gf_interval = frame_constraint >> 1;
      if (rc->baseline_gf_interval < 5)
        rc->baseline_gf_interval = frame_constraint;
      rc->constrained_gf_group = 1;
    } else {
      // Reset to keep gf_interval <= frame_constraint.
      if (rc->baseline_gf_interval > frame_constraint) {
        rc->baseline_gf_interval = frame_constraint;
        rc->constrained_gf_group = 1;
      }
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_get_one_pass_vbr_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int target;
    if (!cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame &&
        (cm->current_video_frame == 0 || (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY) ||
         rc->frames_to_key == 0)) {
      cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
      rc->this_key_frame_forced =
          cm->current_video_frame != 0 && rc->frames_to_key == 0;
      rc->frames_to_key = cpi->oxcf.key_freq;
      rc->kf_boost = DEFAULT_KF_BOOST;
      rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
    } else {
      cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
    }
    if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due == 0) {
      double rate_err = 1.0;
      rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST;
      if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cpi->oxcf.pass == 0) {
        vp9_cyclic_refresh_set_golden_update(cpi);
      } else {
        rc->baseline_gf_interval = VPXMIN(
            20, VPXMAX(10, (rc->min_gf_interval + rc->max_gf_interval) / 2));
      }
      rc->af_ratio_onepass_vbr = 10;
      if (rc->rolling_target_bits > 0)
        rate_err =
            (double)rc->rolling_actual_bits / (double)rc->rolling_target_bits;
      if (cm->current_video_frame > 30) {
        if (rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] > (7 * rc->worst_quality) >> 3 &&
            rate_err > 3.5) {
          rc->baseline_gf_interval =
              VPXMIN(15, (3 * rc->baseline_gf_interval) >> 1);
        } else if (rc->avg_frame_low_motion < 20) {
          // Decrease gf interval for high motion case.
          rc->baseline_gf_interval = VPXMAX(6, rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1);
        }
        // Adjust boost and af_ratio based on avg_frame_low_motion, which varies
        // between 0 and 100 (stationary, 100% zero/small motion).
        rc->gfu_boost =
            VPXMAX(500, DEFAULT_GF_BOOST * (rc->avg_frame_low_motion << 1) /
                            (rc->avg_frame_low_motion + 100));
        rc->af_ratio_onepass_vbr = VPXMIN(15, VPXMAX(5, 3 * rc->gfu_boost / 400));
      }
      adjust_gfint_frame_constraint(cpi, rc->frames_to_key);
      rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
      cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
      rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
      rc->alt_ref_gf_group = 0;
      if (cpi->sf.use_altref_onepass && cpi->oxcf.enable_auto_arf) {
        rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 1;
        rc->alt_ref_gf_group = 1;
      }
    }
    if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
      target = calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(cpi);
    else
      target = calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(cpi);
    vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target);
    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ && cpi->oxcf.pass == 0)
      vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_parameters(cpi);
  }
  
  static int calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    const RATE_CONTROL *rc = &cpi->rc;
    const SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
    const int64_t diff = rc->optimal_buffer_level - rc->buffer_level;
    const int64_t one_pct_bits = 1 + rc->optimal_buffer_level / 100;
    int min_frame_target =
        VPXMAX(rc->avg_frame_bandwidth >> 4, FRAME_OVERHEAD_BITS);
    int target;
  
    if (oxcf->gf_cbr_boost_pct) {
      const int af_ratio_pct = oxcf->gf_cbr_boost_pct + 100;
      target = cpi->refresh_golden_frame
                   ? (rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * rc->baseline_gf_interval *
                      af_ratio_pct) /
                         (rc->baseline_gf_interval * 100 + af_ratio_pct - 100)
                   : (rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * rc->baseline_gf_interval * 100) /
                         (rc->baseline_gf_interval * 100 + af_ratio_pct - 100);
    } else {
      target = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    }
    if (is_one_pass_cbr_svc(cpi)) {
      // Note that for layers, avg_frame_bandwidth is the cumulative
      // per-frame-bandwidth. For the target size of this frame, use the
      // layer average frame size (i.e., non-cumulative per-frame-bw).
      int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                                   svc->number_temporal_layers);
      const LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
      target = lc->avg_frame_size;
      min_frame_target = VPXMAX(lc->avg_frame_size >> 4, FRAME_OVERHEAD_BITS);
    }
    if (diff > 0) {
      // Lower the target bandwidth for this frame.
      const int pct_low = (int)VPXMIN(diff / one_pct_bits, oxcf->under_shoot_pct);
      target -= (target * pct_low) / 200;
    } else if (diff < 0) {
      // Increase the target bandwidth for this frame.
      const int pct_high =
          (int)VPXMIN(-diff / one_pct_bits, oxcf->over_shoot_pct);
      target += (target * pct_high) / 200;
    }
    if (oxcf->rc_max_inter_bitrate_pct) {
      const int max_rate =
          rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * oxcf->rc_max_inter_bitrate_pct / 100;
      target = VPXMIN(target, max_rate);
    }
    return VPXMAX(min_frame_target, target);
  }
  
  static int calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(const VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const RATE_CONTROL *rc = &cpi->rc;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    const SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
    int target;
    if (cpi->common.current_video_frame == 0) {
      target = ((rc->starting_buffer_level / 2) > INT_MAX)
                   ? INT_MAX
                   : (int)(rc->starting_buffer_level / 2);
    } else {
      int kf_boost = 32;
      double framerate = cpi->framerate;
      if (svc->number_temporal_layers > 1 && oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_CBR) {
        // Use the layer framerate for temporal layers CBR mode.
        const int layer =
            LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                             svc->number_temporal_layers);
        const LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
        framerate = lc->framerate;
      }
      kf_boost = VPXMAX(kf_boost, (int)(2 * framerate - 16));
      if (rc->frames_since_key < framerate / 2) {
        kf_boost = (int)(kf_boost * rc->frames_since_key / (framerate / 2));
      }
      target = ((16 + kf_boost) * rc->avg_frame_bandwidth) >> 4;
    }
    return vp9_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(cpi, target);
  }
  
  static void set_intra_only_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
    // Don't allow intra_only frame for bypass/flexible SVC mode, or if number
    // of spatial layers is 1 or if number of spatial or temporal layers > 3.
    // Also if intra-only is inserted on very first frame, don't allow if
    // if number of temporal layers > 1. This is because on intra-only frame
    // only 3 reference buffers can be updated, but for temporal layers > 1
    // we generally need to use buffer slots 4 and 5.
    if ((cm->current_video_frame == 0 && svc->number_temporal_layers > 1) ||
        svc->temporal_layering_mode == VP9E_TEMPORAL_LAYERING_MODE_BYPASS ||
        svc->number_spatial_layers > 3 || svc->number_temporal_layers > 3 ||
        svc->number_spatial_layers == 1)
      return;
    cm->show_frame = 0;
    cm->intra_only = 1;
    cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
    cpi->ext_refresh_frame_flags_pending = 1;
    cpi->ext_refresh_last_frame = 1;
    cpi->ext_refresh_golden_frame = 1;
    cpi->ext_refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
    if (cm->current_video_frame == 0) {
      cpi->lst_fb_idx = 0;
      cpi->gld_fb_idx = 1;
      cpi->alt_fb_idx = 2;
    } else {
      int i;
      int count = 0;
      cpi->lst_fb_idx = -1;
      cpi->gld_fb_idx = -1;
      cpi->alt_fb_idx = -1;
      // For intra-only frame we need to refresh all slots that were
      // being used for the base layer (fb_idx_base[i] == 1).
      // Start with assigning last first, then golden and then alt.
      for (i = 0; i < REF_FRAMES; ++i) {
        if (svc->fb_idx_base[i] == 1) count++;
        if (count == 1 && cpi->lst_fb_idx == -1) cpi->lst_fb_idx = i;
        if (count == 2 && cpi->gld_fb_idx == -1) cpi->gld_fb_idx = i;
        if (count == 3 && cpi->alt_fb_idx == -1) cpi->alt_fb_idx = i;
      }
      // If golden or alt is not being used for base layer, then set them
      // to the lst_fb_idx.
      if (cpi->gld_fb_idx == -1) cpi->gld_fb_idx = cpi->lst_fb_idx;
      if (cpi->alt_fb_idx == -1) cpi->alt_fb_idx = cpi->lst_fb_idx;
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_get_svc_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
    int target = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
    int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                                 svc->number_temporal_layers);
    if (svc->first_spatial_layer_to_encode)
      svc->layer_context[svc->temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame = 0;
    // Periodic key frames is based on the super-frame counter
    // (svc.current_superframe), also only base spatial layer is key frame.
    // Key frame is set for any of the following: very first frame, frame flags
    // indicates key, superframe counter hits key frequencey, or (non-intra) sync
    // flag is set for spatial layer 0.
    if ((cm->current_video_frame == 0 && !svc->previous_frame_is_intra_only) ||
        (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY) ||
        (cpi->oxcf.auto_key &&
         (svc->current_superframe % cpi->oxcf.key_freq == 0) &&
         !svc->previous_frame_is_intra_only && svc->spatial_layer_id == 0) ||
        (svc->spatial_layer_sync[0] == 1 && svc->spatial_layer_id == 0)) {
      cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
      rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
      if (is_one_pass_cbr_svc(cpi)) {
        if (cm->current_video_frame > 0) vp9_svc_reset_temporal_layers(cpi, 1);
        layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, svc->temporal_layer_id,
                                 svc->number_temporal_layers);
        svc->layer_context[layer].is_key_frame = 1;
        cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_LAST_FLAG & ~VP9_GOLD_FLAG & ~VP9_ALT_FLAG);
        // Assumption here is that LAST_FRAME is being updated for a keyframe.
        // Thus no change in update flags.
        target = calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
      }
    } else {
      cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
      if (is_one_pass_cbr_svc(cpi)) {
        LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
        // Add condition current_video_frame > 0 for the case where first frame
        // is intra only followed by overlay/copy frame. In this case we don't
        // want to reset is_key_frame to 0 on overlay/copy frame.
        lc->is_key_frame =
            (svc->spatial_layer_id == 0 && cm->current_video_frame > 0)
                ? 0
                : svc->layer_context[svc->temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame;
        target = calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
      }
    }
  
    // Check if superframe contains a sync layer request.
    vp9_svc_check_spatial_layer_sync(cpi);
  
    // If long term termporal feature is enabled, set the period of the update.
    // The update/refresh of this reference frame is always on base temporal
    // layer frame.
    if (svc->use_gf_temporal_ref_current_layer) {
      // Only use gf long-term prediction on non-key superframes.
      if (!svc->layer_context[svc->temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame) {
        // Use golden for this reference, which will be used for prediction.
        int index = svc->spatial_layer_id;
        if (svc->number_spatial_layers == 3) index = svc->spatial_layer_id - 1;
        assert(index >= 0);
        cpi->gld_fb_idx = svc->buffer_gf_temporal_ref[index].idx;
        // Enable prediction off LAST (last reference) and golden (which will
        // generally be further behind/long-term reference).
        cpi->ref_frame_flags = VP9_LAST_FLAG | VP9_GOLD_FLAG;
      }
      // Check for update/refresh of reference: only refresh on base temporal
      // layer.
      if (svc->temporal_layer_id == 0) {
        if (svc->layer_context[svc->temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame) {
          // On key frame we update the buffer index used for long term reference.
          // Use the alt_ref since it is not used or updated on key frames.
          int index = svc->spatial_layer_id;
          if (svc->number_spatial_layers == 3) index = svc->spatial_layer_id - 1;
          assert(index >= 0);
          cpi->alt_fb_idx = svc->buffer_gf_temporal_ref[index].idx;
          cpi->ext_refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
        } else if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due == 0) {
          // Set perdiod of next update. Make it a multiple of 10, as the cyclic
          // refresh is typically ~10%, and we'd like the update to happen after
          // a few cylces of the refresh (so it better quality frame). Note the
          // cyclic refresh for SVC only operates on base temporal layer frames.
          // Choose 20 as perdiod for now (2 cycles).
          rc->baseline_gf_interval = 20;
          rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
          cpi->ext_refresh_golden_frame = 1;
          rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST;
        }
      }
    } else if (!svc->use_gf_temporal_ref) {
      rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = INT_MAX;
      rc->baseline_gf_interval = INT_MAX;
    }
    if (svc->set_intra_only_frame) {
      set_intra_only_frame(cpi);
      target = calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
    }
    // Any update/change of global cyclic refresh parameters (amount/delta-qp)
    // should be done here, before the frame qp is selected.
    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ)
      vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_parameters(cpi);
  
    vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target);
    if (cm->show_frame) update_buffer_level_svc_preencode(cpi);
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_get_one_pass_cbr_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int target;
    if ((cm->current_video_frame == 0) || (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY) ||
        rc->frames_to_key == 0) {
      cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
      rc->frames_to_key = cpi->oxcf.key_freq;
      rc->kf_boost = DEFAULT_KF_BOOST;
      rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
    } else {
      cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
    }
    if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due == 0) {
      if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ)
        vp9_cyclic_refresh_set_golden_update(cpi);
      else
        rc->baseline_gf_interval =
            (rc->min_gf_interval + rc->max_gf_interval) / 2;
      rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
      // NOTE: frames_till_gf_update_due must be <= frames_to_key.
      if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due > rc->frames_to_key)
        rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->frames_to_key;
      cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
      rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST;
    }
  
    // Any update/change of global cyclic refresh parameters (amount/delta-qp)
    // should be done here, before the frame qp is selected.
    if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ)
      vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_parameters(cpi);
  
    if (frame_is_intra_only(cm))
      target = calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
    else
      target = calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
  
    vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target);
  
    if (cm->show_frame) update_buffer_level_preencode(cpi);
  
    if (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode == RESIZE_DYNAMIC)
      cpi->resize_pending = vp9_resize_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
    else
      cpi->resize_pending = 0;
  }
  
  int vp9_compute_qdelta(const RATE_CONTROL *rc, double qstart, double qtarget,
                         vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    int start_index = rc->worst_quality;
    int target_index = rc->worst_quality;
    int i;
  
    // Convert the average q value to an index.
    for (i = rc->best_quality; i < rc->worst_quality; ++i) {
      start_index = i;
      if (vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth) >= qstart) break;
    }
  
    // Convert the q target to an index
    for (i = rc->best_quality; i < rc->worst_quality; ++i) {
      target_index = i;
      if (vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth) >= qtarget) break;
    }
  
    return target_index - start_index;
  }
  
  int vp9_compute_qdelta_by_rate(const RATE_CONTROL *rc, FRAME_TYPE frame_type,
                                 int qindex, double rate_target_ratio,
                                 vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
    int target_index = rc->worst_quality;
    int i;
  
    // Look up the current projected bits per block for the base index
    const int base_bits_per_mb =
        vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(frame_type, qindex, 1.0, bit_depth);
  
    // Find the target bits per mb based on the base value and given ratio.
    const int target_bits_per_mb = (int)(rate_target_ratio * base_bits_per_mb);
  
    // Convert the q target to an index
    for (i = rc->best_quality; i < rc->worst_quality; ++i) {
      if (vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(frame_type, i, 1.0, bit_depth) <=
          target_bits_per_mb) {
        target_index = i;
        break;
      }
    }
    return target_index - qindex;
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_set_gf_interval_range(const VP9_COMP *const cpi,
                                    RATE_CONTROL *const rc) {
    const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
  
    // Special case code for 1 pass fixed Q mode tests
    if ((oxcf->pass == 0) && (oxcf->rc_mode == VPX_Q)) {
      rc->max_gf_interval = FIXED_GF_INTERVAL;
      rc->min_gf_interval = FIXED_GF_INTERVAL;
      rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval = FIXED_GF_INTERVAL;
    } else {
      // Set Maximum gf/arf interval
      rc->max_gf_interval = oxcf->max_gf_interval;
      rc->min_gf_interval = oxcf->min_gf_interval;
      if (rc->min_gf_interval == 0)
        rc->min_gf_interval = vp9_rc_get_default_min_gf_interval(
            oxcf->width, oxcf->height, cpi->framerate);
      if (rc->max_gf_interval == 0)
        rc->max_gf_interval = vp9_rc_get_default_max_gf_interval(
            cpi->framerate, rc->min_gf_interval);
  
      // Extended max interval for genuinely static scenes like slide shows.
      rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval = MAX_STATIC_GF_GROUP_LENGTH;
  
      if (rc->max_gf_interval > rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval)
        rc->max_gf_interval = rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval;
  
      // Clamp min to max
      rc->min_gf_interval = VPXMIN(rc->min_gf_interval, rc->max_gf_interval);
  
      if (oxcf->target_level == LEVEL_AUTO) {
        const uint32_t pic_size = cpi->common.width * cpi->common.height;
        const uint32_t pic_breadth =
            VPXMAX(cpi->common.width, cpi->common.height);
        int i;
        for (i = LEVEL_1; i < LEVEL_MAX; ++i) {
          if (vp9_level_defs[i].max_luma_picture_size >= pic_size &&
              vp9_level_defs[i].max_luma_picture_breadth >= pic_breadth) {
            if (rc->min_gf_interval <=
                (int)vp9_level_defs[i].min_altref_distance) {
              rc->min_gf_interval =
                  (int)vp9_level_defs[i].min_altref_distance + 1;
              rc->max_gf_interval =
                  VPXMAX(rc->max_gf_interval, rc->min_gf_interval);
            }
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_rc_update_framerate(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int vbr_max_bits;
  
    rc->avg_frame_bandwidth = (int)(oxcf->target_bandwidth / cpi->framerate);
    rc->min_frame_bandwidth =
        (int)(rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * oxcf->two_pass_vbrmin_section / 100);
  
    rc->min_frame_bandwidth =
        VPXMAX(rc->min_frame_bandwidth, FRAME_OVERHEAD_BITS);
  
    // A maximum bitrate for a frame is defined.
    // However this limit is extended if a very high rate is given on the command
    // line or the the rate cannnot be acheived because of a user specificed max q
    // (e.g. when the user specifies lossless encode).
    //
    // If a level is specified that requires a lower maximum rate then the level
    // value take precedence.
    vbr_max_bits =
        (int)(((int64_t)rc->avg_frame_bandwidth * oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) /
              100);
    rc->max_frame_bandwidth =
        VPXMAX(VPXMAX((cm->MBs * MAX_MB_RATE), MAXRATE_1080P), vbr_max_bits);
  
    vp9_rc_set_gf_interval_range(cpi, rc);
  }
  
  #define VBR_PCT_ADJUSTMENT_LIMIT 50
  // For VBR...adjustment to the frame target based on error from previous frames
  static void vbr_rate_correction(VP9_COMP *cpi, int *this_frame_target) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int64_t vbr_bits_off_target = rc->vbr_bits_off_target;
    int max_delta;
    int frame_window = VPXMIN(16, ((int)cpi->twopass.total_stats.count -
                                   cpi->common.current_video_frame));
  
    // Calcluate the adjustment to rate for this frame.
    if (frame_window > 0) {
      max_delta = (vbr_bits_off_target > 0)
                      ? (int)(vbr_bits_off_target / frame_window)
                      : (int)(-vbr_bits_off_target / frame_window);
  
      max_delta = VPXMIN(max_delta,
                         ((*this_frame_target * VBR_PCT_ADJUSTMENT_LIMIT) / 100));
  
      // vbr_bits_off_target > 0 means we have extra bits to spend
      if (vbr_bits_off_target > 0) {
        *this_frame_target += (vbr_bits_off_target > max_delta)
                                  ? max_delta
                                  : (int)vbr_bits_off_target;
      } else {
        *this_frame_target -= (vbr_bits_off_target < -max_delta)
                                  ? max_delta
                                  : (int)-vbr_bits_off_target;
      }
    }
  
    // Fast redistribution of bits arising from massive local undershoot.
    // Dont do it for kf,arf,gf or overlay frames.
    if (!frame_is_kf_gf_arf(cpi) && !rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
        rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast) {
      int one_frame_bits = VPXMAX(rc->avg_frame_bandwidth, *this_frame_target);
      int fast_extra_bits;
      fast_extra_bits = (int)VPXMIN(rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast, one_frame_bits);
      fast_extra_bits = (int)VPXMIN(
          fast_extra_bits,
          VPXMAX(one_frame_bits / 8, rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast / 8));
      *this_frame_target += (int)fast_extra_bits;
      rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast -= fast_extra_bits;
    }
  }
  
  void vp9_set_target_rate(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int target_rate = rc->base_frame_target;
  
    if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
      target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
    else
      target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
  
    if (!cpi->oxcf.vbr_corpus_complexity) {
      // Correction to rate target based on prior over or under shoot.
      if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR || cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CQ)
        vbr_rate_correction(cpi, &target_rate);
    }
    vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate);
  }
  
  // Check if we should resize, based on average QP from past x frames.
  // Only allow for resize at most one scale down for now, scaling factor is 2.
  int vp9_resize_one_pass_cbr(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    RESIZE_ACTION resize_action = NO_RESIZE;
    int avg_qp_thr1 = 70;
    int avg_qp_thr2 = 50;
    int min_width = 180;
    int min_height = 180;
    int down_size_on = 1;
    cpi->resize_scale_num = 1;
    cpi->resize_scale_den = 1;
    // Don't resize on key frame; reset the counters on key frame.
    if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
      cpi->resize_avg_qp = 0;
      cpi->resize_count = 0;
      return 0;
    }
    // Check current frame reslution to avoid generating frames smaller than
    // the minimum resolution.
    if (ONEHALFONLY_RESIZE) {
      if ((cm->width >> 1) < min_width || (cm->height >> 1) < min_height)
        down_size_on = 0;
    } else {
      if (cpi->resize_state == ORIG &&
          (cm->width * 3 / 4 < min_width || cm->height * 3 / 4 < min_height))
        return 0;
      else if (cpi->resize_state == THREE_QUARTER &&
               ((cpi->oxcf.width >> 1) < min_width ||
                (cpi->oxcf.height >> 1) < min_height))
        down_size_on = 0;
    }
  
  #if CONFIG_VP9_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
    // If denoiser is on, apply a smaller qp threshold.
    if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0) {
      avg_qp_thr1 = 60;
      avg_qp_thr2 = 40;
    }
  #endif
  
    // Resize based on average buffer underflow and QP over some window.
    // Ignore samples close to key frame, since QP is usually high after key.
    if (cpi->rc.frames_since_key > 2 * cpi->framerate) {
      const int window = (int)(4 * cpi->framerate);
      cpi->resize_avg_qp += cm->base_qindex;
      if (cpi->rc.buffer_level < (int)(30 * rc->optimal_buffer_level / 100))
        ++cpi->resize_buffer_underflow;
      ++cpi->resize_count;
      // Check for resize action every "window" frames.
      if (cpi->resize_count >= window) {
        int avg_qp = cpi->resize_avg_qp / cpi->resize_count;
        // Resize down if buffer level has underflowed sufficient amount in past
        // window, and we are at original or 3/4 of original resolution.
        // Resize back up if average QP is low, and we are currently in a resized
        // down state, i.e. 1/2 or 3/4 of original resolution.
        // Currently, use a flag to turn 3/4 resizing feature on/off.
        if (cpi->resize_buffer_underflow > (cpi->resize_count >> 2)) {
          if (cpi->resize_state == THREE_QUARTER && down_size_on) {
            resize_action = DOWN_ONEHALF;
            cpi->resize_state = ONE_HALF;
          } else if (cpi->resize_state == ORIG) {
            resize_action = ONEHALFONLY_RESIZE ? DOWN_ONEHALF : DOWN_THREEFOUR;
            cpi->resize_state = ONEHALFONLY_RESIZE ? ONE_HALF : THREE_QUARTER;
          }
        } else if (cpi->resize_state != ORIG &&
                   avg_qp < avg_qp_thr1 * cpi->rc.worst_quality / 100) {
          if (cpi->resize_state == THREE_QUARTER ||
              avg_qp < avg_qp_thr2 * cpi->rc.worst_quality / 100 ||
              ONEHALFONLY_RESIZE) {
            resize_action = UP_ORIG;
            cpi->resize_state = ORIG;
          } else if (cpi->resize_state == ONE_HALF) {
            resize_action = UP_THREEFOUR;
            cpi->resize_state = THREE_QUARTER;
          }
        }
        // Reset for next window measurement.
        cpi->resize_avg_qp = 0;
        cpi->resize_count = 0;
        cpi->resize_buffer_underflow = 0;
      }
    }
    // If decision is to resize, reset some quantities, and check is we should
    // reduce rate correction factor,
    if (resize_action != NO_RESIZE) {
      int target_bits_per_frame;
      int active_worst_quality;
      int qindex;
      int tot_scale_change;
      if (resize_action == DOWN_THREEFOUR || resize_action == UP_THREEFOUR) {
        cpi->resize_scale_num = 3;
        cpi->resize_scale_den = 4;
      } else if (resize_action == DOWN_ONEHALF) {
        cpi->resize_scale_num = 1;
        cpi->resize_scale_den = 2;
      } else {  // UP_ORIG or anything else
        cpi->resize_scale_num = 1;
        cpi->resize_scale_den = 1;
      }
      tot_scale_change = (cpi->resize_scale_den * cpi->resize_scale_den) /
                         (cpi->resize_scale_num * cpi->resize_scale_num);
      // Reset buffer level to optimal, update target size.
      rc->buffer_level = rc->optimal_buffer_level;
      rc->bits_off_target = rc->optimal_buffer_level;
      rc->this_frame_target = calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
      // Get the projected qindex, based on the scaled target frame size (scaled
      // so target_bits_per_mb in vp9_rc_regulate_q will be correct target).
      target_bits_per_frame = (resize_action >= 0)
                                  ? rc->this_frame_target * tot_scale_change
                                  : rc->this_frame_target / tot_scale_change;
      active_worst_quality = calc_active_worst_quality_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
      qindex = vp9_rc_regulate_q(cpi, target_bits_per_frame, rc->best_quality,
                                 active_worst_quality);
      // If resize is down, check if projected q index is close to worst_quality,
      // and if so, reduce the rate correction factor (since likely can afford
      // lower q for resized frame).
      if (resize_action > 0 && qindex > 90 * cpi->rc.worst_quality / 100) {
        rc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] *= 0.85;
      }
      // If resize is back up, check if projected q index is too much above the
      // current base_qindex, and if so, reduce the rate correction factor
      // (since prefer to keep q for resized frame at least close to previous q).
      if (resize_action < 0 && qindex > 130 * cm->base_qindex / 100) {
        rc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] *= 0.9;
      }
    }
    return resize_action;
  }
  
  static void adjust_gf_boost_lag_one_pass_vbr(VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                               uint64_t avg_sad_current) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    int target;
    int found = 0;
    int found2 = 0;
    int frame;
    int i;
    uint64_t avg_source_sad_lag = avg_sad_current;
    int high_source_sad_lagindex = -1;
    int steady_sad_lagindex = -1;
    uint32_t sad_thresh1 = 70000;
    uint32_t sad_thresh2 = 120000;
    int low_content = 0;
    int high_content = 0;
    double rate_err = 1.0;
    // Get measure of complexity over the future frames, and get the first
    // future frame with high_source_sad/scene-change.
    int tot_frames = (int)vp9_lookahead_depth(cpi->lookahead) - 1;
    for (frame = tot_frames; frame >= 1; --frame) {
      const int lagframe_idx = tot_frames - frame + 1;
      uint64_t reference_sad = rc->avg_source_sad[0];
      for (i = 1; i < lagframe_idx; ++i) {
        if (rc->avg_source_sad[i] > 0)
          reference_sad = (3 * reference_sad + rc->avg_source_sad[i]) >> 2;
      }
      // Detect up-coming scene change.
      if (!found &&
          (rc->avg_source_sad[lagframe_idx] >
               VPXMAX(sad_thresh1, (unsigned int)(reference_sad << 1)) ||
           rc->avg_source_sad[lagframe_idx] >
               VPXMAX(3 * sad_thresh1 >> 2,
                      (unsigned int)(reference_sad << 2)))) {
        high_source_sad_lagindex = lagframe_idx;
        found = 1;
      }
      // Detect change from motion to steady.
      if (!found2 && lagframe_idx > 1 && lagframe_idx < tot_frames &&
          rc->avg_source_sad[lagframe_idx - 1] > (sad_thresh1 >> 2)) {
        found2 = 1;
        for (i = lagframe_idx; i < tot_frames; ++i) {
          if (!(rc->avg_source_sad[i] > 0 &&
                rc->avg_source_sad[i] < (sad_thresh1 >> 2) &&
                rc->avg_source_sad[i] <
                    (rc->avg_source_sad[lagframe_idx - 1] >> 1))) {
            found2 = 0;
            i = tot_frames;
          }
        }
        if (found2) steady_sad_lagindex = lagframe_idx;
      }
      avg_source_sad_lag += rc->avg_source_sad[lagframe_idx];
    }
    if (tot_frames > 0) avg_source_sad_lag = avg_source_sad_lag / tot_frames;
    // Constrain distance between detected scene cuts.
    if (high_source_sad_lagindex != -1 &&
        high_source_sad_lagindex != rc->high_source_sad_lagindex - 1 &&
        abs(high_source_sad_lagindex - rc->high_source_sad_lagindex) < 4)
      rc->high_source_sad_lagindex = -1;
    else
      rc->high_source_sad_lagindex = high_source_sad_lagindex;
    // Adjust some factors for the next GF group, ignore initial key frame,
    // and only for lag_in_frames not too small.
    if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame == 1 && cm->current_video_frame > 30 &&
        cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames > 8) {
      int frame_constraint;
      if (rc->rolling_target_bits > 0)
        rate_err =
            (double)rc->rolling_actual_bits / (double)rc->rolling_target_bits;
      high_content = high_source_sad_lagindex != -1 ||
                     avg_source_sad_lag > (rc->prev_avg_source_sad_lag << 1) ||
                     avg_source_sad_lag > sad_thresh2;
      low_content = high_source_sad_lagindex == -1 &&
                    ((avg_source_sad_lag < (rc->prev_avg_source_sad_lag >> 1)) ||
                     (avg_source_sad_lag < sad_thresh1));
      if (low_content) {
        rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST;
        rc->baseline_gf_interval =
            VPXMIN(15, (3 * rc->baseline_gf_interval) >> 1);
      } else if (high_content) {
        rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST >> 1;
        rc->baseline_gf_interval = (rate_err > 3.0)
                                       ? VPXMAX(10, rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1)
                                       : VPXMAX(6, rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1);
      }
      if (rc->baseline_gf_interval > cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames - 1)
        rc->baseline_gf_interval = cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames - 1;
      // Check for constraining gf_interval for up-coming scene/content changes,
      // or for up-coming key frame, whichever is closer.
      frame_constraint = rc->frames_to_key;
      if (rc->high_source_sad_lagindex > 0 &&
          frame_constraint > rc->high_source_sad_lagindex)
        frame_constraint = rc->high_source_sad_lagindex;
      if (steady_sad_lagindex > 3 && frame_constraint > steady_sad_lagindex)
        frame_constraint = steady_sad_lagindex;
      adjust_gfint_frame_constraint(cpi, frame_constraint);
      rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
      // Adjust factors for active_worst setting & af_ratio for next gf interval.
      rc->fac_active_worst_inter = 150;  // corresponds to 3/2 (= 150 /100).
      rc->fac_active_worst_gf = 100;
      if (rate_err < 2.0 && !high_content) {
        rc->fac_active_worst_inter = 120;
        rc->fac_active_worst_gf = 90;
      } else if (rate_err > 8.0 && rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < 16) {
        // Increase active_worst faster at low Q if rate fluctuation is high.
        rc->fac_active_worst_inter = 200;
        if (rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < 8)
          rc->fac_active_worst_inter = 400;
      }
      if (low_content && rc->avg_frame_low_motion > 80) {
        rc->af_ratio_onepass_vbr = 15;
      } else if (high_content || rc->avg_frame_low_motion < 30) {
        rc->af_ratio_onepass_vbr = 5;
        rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST >> 2;
      }
      if (cpi->sf.use_altref_onepass && cpi->oxcf.enable_auto_arf) {
        // Flag to disable usage of ARF based on past usage, only allow this
        // disabling if current frame/group does not start with key frame or
        // scene cut. Note perc_arf_usage is only computed for speed >= 5.
        int arf_usage_low =
            (cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME && !rc->high_source_sad &&
             cpi->rc.perc_arf_usage < 15 && cpi->oxcf.speed >= 5);
        // Don't use alt-ref for this group under certain conditions.
        if (arf_usage_low ||
            (rc->high_source_sad_lagindex > 0 &&
             rc->high_source_sad_lagindex <= rc->frames_till_gf_update_due) ||
            (avg_source_sad_lag > 3 * sad_thresh1 >> 3)) {
          rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
          rc->alt_ref_gf_group = 0;
        } else {
          rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 1;
          rc->alt_ref_gf_group = 1;
          // If alt-ref is used for this gf group, limit the interval.
          if (rc->baseline_gf_interval > 12) {
            rc->baseline_gf_interval = 12;
            rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
          }
        }
      }
      target = calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(cpi);
      vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target);
    }
    rc->prev_avg_source_sad_lag = avg_source_sad_lag;
  }
  
  // Compute average source sad (temporal sad: between current source and
  // previous source) over a subset of superblocks. Use this is detect big changes
  // in content and allow rate control to react.
  // This function also handles special case of lag_in_frames, to measure content
  // level in #future frames set by the lag_in_frames.
  void vp9_scene_detection_onepass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG const *unscaled_src = cpi->un_scaled_source;
    YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG const *unscaled_last_src = cpi->unscaled_last_source;
    uint8_t *src_y;
    int src_ystride;
    int src_width;
    int src_height;
    uint8_t *last_src_y;
    int last_src_ystride;
    int last_src_width;
    int last_src_height;
    if (cpi->un_scaled_source == NULL || cpi->unscaled_last_source == NULL ||
        (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.current_superframe == 0))
      return;
    src_y = unscaled_src->y_buffer;
    src_ystride = unscaled_src->y_stride;
    src_width = unscaled_src->y_width;
    src_height = unscaled_src->y_height;
    last_src_y = unscaled_last_src->y_buffer;
    last_src_ystride = unscaled_last_src->y_stride;
    last_src_width = unscaled_last_src->y_width;
    last_src_height = unscaled_last_src->y_height;
  #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
    if (cm->use_highbitdepth) return;
  #endif
    rc->high_source_sad = 0;
    rc->high_num_blocks_with_motion = 0;
    // For SVC: scene detection is only checked on first spatial layer of
    // the superframe using the original/unscaled resolutions.
    if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == cpi->svc.first_spatial_layer_to_encode &&
        src_width == last_src_width && src_height == last_src_height) {
      YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *frames[MAX_LAG_BUFFERS] = { NULL };
      int num_mi_cols = cm->mi_cols;
      int num_mi_rows = cm->mi_rows;
      int start_frame = 0;
      int frames_to_buffer = 1;
      int frame = 0;
      int scene_cut_force_key_frame = 0;
      int num_zero_temp_sad = 0;
      uint64_t avg_sad_current = 0;
      uint32_t min_thresh = 10000;
      float thresh = 8.0f;
      uint32_t thresh_key = 140000;
      if (cpi->oxcf.speed <= 5) thresh_key = 240000;
      if (cpi->oxcf.content != VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN) min_thresh = 65000;
      if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR) thresh = 2.1f;
      if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers > 1) {
        const int aligned_width = ALIGN_POWER_OF_TWO(src_width, MI_SIZE_LOG2);
        const int aligned_height = ALIGN_POWER_OF_TWO(src_height, MI_SIZE_LOG2);
        num_mi_cols = aligned_width >> MI_SIZE_LOG2;
        num_mi_rows = aligned_height >> MI_SIZE_LOG2;
      }
      if (cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames > 0) {
        frames_to_buffer = (cm->current_video_frame == 1)
                               ? (int)vp9_lookahead_depth(cpi->lookahead) - 1
                               : 2;
        start_frame = (int)vp9_lookahead_depth(cpi->lookahead) - 1;
        for (frame = 0; frame < frames_to_buffer; ++frame) {
          const int lagframe_idx = start_frame - frame;
          if (lagframe_idx >= 0) {
            struct lookahead_entry *buf =
                vp9_lookahead_peek(cpi->lookahead, lagframe_idx);
            frames[frame] = &buf->img;
          }
        }
        // The avg_sad for this current frame is the value of frame#1
        // (first future frame) from previous frame.
        avg_sad_current = rc->avg_source_sad[1];
        if (avg_sad_current >
                VPXMAX(min_thresh,
                       (unsigned int)(rc->avg_source_sad[0] * thresh)) &&
            cm->current_video_frame > (unsigned int)cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames)
          rc->high_source_sad = 1;
        else
          rc->high_source_sad = 0;
        if (rc->high_source_sad && avg_sad_current > thresh_key)
          scene_cut_force_key_frame = 1;
        // Update recursive average for current frame.
        if (avg_sad_current > 0)
          rc->avg_source_sad[0] =
              (3 * rc->avg_source_sad[0] + avg_sad_current) >> 2;
        // Shift back data, starting at frame#1.
        for (frame = 1; frame < cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames - 1; ++frame)
          rc->avg_source_sad[frame] = rc->avg_source_sad[frame + 1];
      }
      for (frame = 0; frame < frames_to_buffer; ++frame) {
        if (cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames == 0 ||
            (frames[frame] != NULL && frames[frame + 1] != NULL &&
             frames[frame]->y_width == frames[frame + 1]->y_width &&
             frames[frame]->y_height == frames[frame + 1]->y_height)) {
          int sbi_row, sbi_col;
          const int lagframe_idx =
              (cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames == 0) ? 0 : start_frame - frame + 1;
          const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = BLOCK_64X64;
          // Loop over sub-sample of frame, compute average sad over 64x64 blocks.
          uint64_t avg_sad = 0;
          uint64_t tmp_sad = 0;
          int num_samples = 0;
          int sb_cols = (num_mi_cols + MI_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
          int sb_rows = (num_mi_rows + MI_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
          if (cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames > 0) {
            src_y = frames[frame]->y_buffer;
            src_ystride = frames[frame]->y_stride;
            last_src_y = frames[frame + 1]->y_buffer;
            last_src_ystride = frames[frame + 1]->y_stride;
          }
          num_zero_temp_sad = 0;
          for (sbi_row = 0; sbi_row < sb_rows; ++sbi_row) {
            for (sbi_col = 0; sbi_col < sb_cols; ++sbi_col) {
              // Checker-board pattern, ignore boundary.
              if (((sbi_row > 0 && sbi_col > 0) &&
                   (sbi_row < sb_rows - 1 && sbi_col < sb_cols - 1) &&
                   ((sbi_row % 2 == 0 && sbi_col % 2 == 0) ||
                    (sbi_row % 2 != 0 && sbi_col % 2 != 0)))) {
                tmp_sad = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize].sdf(src_y, src_ystride, last_src_y,
                                                 last_src_ystride);
                avg_sad += tmp_sad;
                num_samples++;
                if (tmp_sad == 0) num_zero_temp_sad++;
              }
              src_y += 64;
              last_src_y += 64;
            }
            src_y += (src_ystride << 6) - (sb_cols << 6);
            last_src_y += (last_src_ystride << 6) - (sb_cols << 6);
          }
          if (num_samples > 0) avg_sad = avg_sad / num_samples;
          // Set high_source_sad flag if we detect very high increase in avg_sad
          // between current and previous frame value(s). Use minimum threshold
          // for cases where there is small change from content that is completely
          // static.
          if (lagframe_idx == 0) {
            if (avg_sad >
                    VPXMAX(min_thresh,
                           (unsigned int)(rc->avg_source_sad[0] * thresh)) &&
                rc->frames_since_key > 1 + cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers &&
                num_zero_temp_sad < 3 * (num_samples >> 2))
              rc->high_source_sad = 1;
            else
              rc->high_source_sad = 0;
            if (rc->high_source_sad && avg_sad > thresh_key)
              scene_cut_force_key_frame = 1;
            if (avg_sad > 0 || cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CBR)
              rc->avg_source_sad[0] = (3 * rc->avg_source_sad[0] + avg_sad) >> 2;
          } else {
            rc->avg_source_sad[lagframe_idx] = avg_sad;
          }
          if (num_zero_temp_sad < (num_samples >> 1))
            rc->high_num_blocks_with_motion = 1;
        }
      }
      // For CBR non-screen content mode, check if we should reset the rate
      // control. Reset is done if high_source_sad is detected and the rate
      // control is at very low QP with rate correction factor at min level.
      if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CBR &&
          cpi->oxcf.content != VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN && !cpi->use_svc) {
        if (rc->high_source_sad && rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME] == rc->best_quality &&
            rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] < (rc->best_quality << 1) &&
            rc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] == MIN_BPB_FACTOR) {
          rc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] = 0.5;
          rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] = rc->worst_quality;
          rc->buffer_level = rc->optimal_buffer_level;
          rc->bits_off_target = rc->optimal_buffer_level;
          rc->reset_high_source_sad = 1;
        }
        if (cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME && rc->reset_high_source_sad)
          rc->this_frame_target = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth;
      }
      // For SVC the new (updated) avg_source_sad[0] for the current superframe
      // updates the setting for all layers.
      if (cpi->use_svc) {
        int sl, tl;
        SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
        for (sl = 0; sl < svc->number_spatial_layers; ++sl)
          for (tl = 0; tl < svc->number_temporal_layers; ++tl) {
            int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(sl, tl, svc->number_temporal_layers);
            LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
            RATE_CONTROL *const lrc = &lc->rc;
            lrc->avg_source_sad[0] = rc->avg_source_sad[0];
          }
      }
      // For VBR, under scene change/high content change, force golden refresh.
      if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR && cm->frame_type != KEY_FRAME &&
          rc->high_source_sad && rc->frames_to_key > 3 &&
          rc->count_last_scene_change > 4 &&
          cpi->ext_refresh_frame_flags_pending == 0) {
        int target;
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
        if (scene_cut_force_key_frame) cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
        rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
        if (cpi->sf.use_altref_onepass && cpi->oxcf.enable_auto_arf)
          rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 1;
        rc->gfu_boost = DEFAULT_GF_BOOST >> 1;
        rc->baseline_gf_interval =
            VPXMIN(20, VPXMAX(10, rc->baseline_gf_interval));
        adjust_gfint_frame_constraint(cpi, rc->frames_to_key);
        rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
        target = calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(cpi);
        vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target);
        rc->count_last_scene_change = 0;
      } else {
        rc->count_last_scene_change++;
      }
      // If lag_in_frame is used, set the gf boost and interval.
      if (cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames > 0)
        adjust_gf_boost_lag_one_pass_vbr(cpi, avg_sad_current);
    }
  }
  
  // Test if encoded frame will significantly overshoot the target bitrate, and
  // if so, set the QP, reset/adjust some rate control parameters, and return 1.
  // frame_size = -1 means frame has not been encoded.
  int vp9_encodedframe_overshoot(VP9_COMP *cpi, int frame_size, int *q) {
    VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
    SPEED_FEATURES *const sf = &cpi->sf;
    int thresh_qp = 7 * (rc->worst_quality >> 3);
    int thresh_rate = rc->avg_frame_bandwidth << 3;
    // Lower thresh_qp for video (more overshoot at lower Q) to be
    // more conservative for video.
    if (cpi->oxcf.content != VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN)
      thresh_qp = rc->worst_quality >> 1;
    // If this decision is not based on an encoded frame size but just on
    // scene/slide change detection (i.e., re_encode_overshoot_cbr_rt ==
    // FAST_DETECTION_MAXQ), for now skip the (frame_size > thresh_rate)
    // condition in this case.
    // TODO(marpan): Use a better size/rate condition for this case and
    // adjust thresholds.
    if ((sf->overshoot_detection_cbr_rt == FAST_DETECTION_MAXQ ||
         frame_size > thresh_rate) &&
        cm->base_qindex < thresh_qp) {
      double rate_correction_factor =
          cpi->rc.rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL];
      const int target_size = cpi->rc.avg_frame_bandwidth;
      double new_correction_factor;
      int target_bits_per_mb;
      double q2;
      int enumerator;
      // Force a re-encode, and for now use max-QP.
      *q = cpi->rc.worst_quality;
      cpi->cyclic_refresh->counter_encode_maxq_scene_change = 0;
      cpi->rc.re_encode_maxq_scene_change = 1;
      // If the frame_size is much larger than the threshold (big content change)
      // and the encoded frame used alot of Intra modes, then force hybrid_intra
      // encoding for the re-encode on this scene change. hybrid_intra will
      // use rd-based intra mode selection for small blocks.
      if (sf->overshoot_detection_cbr_rt == RE_ENCODE_MAXQ &&
          frame_size > (thresh_rate << 1) && cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == 0) {
        MODE_INFO **mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
        int sum_intra_usage = 0;
        int mi_row, mi_col;
        int tot = 0;
        for (mi_row = 0; mi_row < cm->mi_rows; mi_row++) {
          for (mi_col = 0; mi_col < cm->mi_cols; mi_col++) {
            if (mi[0]->ref_frame[0] == INTRA_FRAME) sum_intra_usage++;
            tot++;
            mi++;
          }
          mi += 8;
        }
        sum_intra_usage = 100 * sum_intra_usage / (cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols);
        if (sum_intra_usage > 60) cpi->rc.hybrid_intra_scene_change = 1;
      }
      // Adjust avg_frame_qindex, buffer_level, and rate correction factors, as
      // these parameters will affect QP selection for subsequent frames. If they
      // have settled down to a very different (low QP) state, then not adjusting
      // them may cause next frame to select low QP and overshoot again.
      cpi->rc.avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] = *q;
      rc->buffer_level = rc->optimal_buffer_level;
      rc->bits_off_target = rc->optimal_buffer_level;
      // Reset rate under/over-shoot flags.
      cpi->rc.rc_1_frame = 0;
      cpi->rc.rc_2_frame = 0;
      // Adjust rate correction factor.
      target_bits_per_mb =
          (int)(((uint64_t)target_size << BPER_MB_NORMBITS) / cm->MBs);
      // Rate correction factor based on target_bits_per_mb and qp (==max_QP).
      // This comes from the inverse computation of vp9_rc_bits_per_mb().
      q2 = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(*q, cm->bit_depth);
      enumerator = 1800000;  // Factor for inter frame.
      enumerator += (int)(enumerator * q2) >> 12;
      new_correction_factor = (double)target_bits_per_mb * q2 / enumerator;
      if (new_correction_factor > rate_correction_factor) {
        rate_correction_factor =
            VPXMIN(2.0 * rate_correction_factor, new_correction_factor);
        if (rate_correction_factor > MAX_BPB_FACTOR)
          rate_correction_factor = MAX_BPB_FACTOR;
        cpi->rc.rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] = rate_correction_factor;
      }
      // For temporal layers, reset the rate control parametes across all
      // temporal layers.
      if (cpi->use_svc) {
        int i = 0;
        SVC *svc = &cpi->svc;
        for (i = 0; i < svc->number_temporal_layers; ++i) {
          const int layer = LAYER_IDS_TO_IDX(svc->spatial_layer_id, i,
                                             svc->number_temporal_layers);
          LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = &svc->layer_context[layer];
          RATE_CONTROL *lrc = &lc->rc;
          lrc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] = *q;
          lrc->buffer_level = lrc->optimal_buffer_level;
          lrc->bits_off_target = lrc->optimal_buffer_level;
          lrc->rc_1_frame = 0;
          lrc->rc_2_frame = 0;
          lrc->rate_correction_factors[INTER_NORMAL] = rate_correction_factor;
        }
      }
      return 1;
    } else {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  