text: /*
   * Various utilities for command line tools
   * Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Fabrice Bellard
   *
   * This file is part of FFmpeg.
   *
   * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   * Lesser General Public License for more details.
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
   * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
   */
  
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdint.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <math.h>
  
  /* Include only the enabled headers since some compilers (namely, Sun
     Studio) will not omit unused inline functions and create undefined
     references to libraries that are not being built. */
  
  #include "config.h"
  #include "compat/va_copy.h"
  #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
  #include "libavfilter/avfilter.h"
  #include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"
  #include "libavresample/avresample.h"
  #include "libswscale/swscale.h"
  #include "libswresample/swresample.h"
  #include "libpostproc/postprocess.h"
  #include "libavutil/avassert.h"
  #include "libavutil/avstring.h"
  #include "libavutil/bprint.h"
  #include "libavutil/display.h"
  #include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
  #include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
  #include "libavutil/libm.h"
  #include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
  #include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
  #include "libavutil/eval.h"
  #include "libavutil/dict.h"
  #include "libavutil/opt.h"
  #include "libavutil/cpu.h"
  #include "libavutil/ffversion.h"
  #include "cmdutils.h"
  #if CONFIG_NETWORK
  #include "libavformat/network.h"
  #endif
  #if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
  #include <sys/time.h>
  #include <sys/resource.h>
  #endif
  
  static int init_report(const char *env);
  
  AVDictionary *sws_dict;
  AVDictionary *swr_opts;
  AVDictionary *format_opts, *codec_opts, *resample_opts;
  
  static FILE *report_file;
  static int report_file_level = AV_LOG_DEBUG;
  int hide_banner = 0;
  
  void init_opts(void)
  {
      av_dict_set(&sws_dict, "flags", "bicubic", 0);
  }
  
  void uninit_opts(void)
  {
      av_dict_free(&swr_opts);
      av_dict_free(&sws_dict);
      av_dict_free(&format_opts);
      av_dict_free(&codec_opts);
      av_dict_free(&resample_opts);
  }
  
  void log_callback_help(void *ptr, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl)
  {
      vfprintf(stdout, fmt, vl);
  }
  
  static void log_callback_report(void *ptr, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl)
  {
      va_list vl2;
      char line[1024];
      static int print_prefix = 1;
  
      va_copy(vl2, vl);
      av_log_default_callback(ptr, level, fmt, vl);
      av_log_format_line(ptr, level, fmt, vl2, line, sizeof(line), &print_prefix);
      va_end(vl2);
      if (report_file_level >= level) {
          fputs(line, report_file);
          fflush(report_file);
      }
  }
  
  static void (*program_exit)(int ret);
  
  void register_exit(void (*cb)(int ret))
  {
      program_exit = cb;
  }
  
  void exit_program(int ret)
  {
      if (program_exit)
          program_exit(ret);
  
      exit(ret);
  }
  
  double parse_number_or_die(const char *context, const char *numstr, int type,
                             double min, double max)
  {
      char *tail;
      const char *error;
      double d = av_strtod(numstr, &tail);
      if (*tail)
          error = "Expected number for %s but found: %s\n";
      else if (d < min || d > max)
          error = "The value for %s was %s which is not within %f - %f\n";
      else if (type == OPT_INT64 && (int64_t)d != d)
          error = "Expected int64 for %s but found %s\n";
      else if (type == OPT_INT && (int)d != d)
          error = "Expected int for %s but found %s\n";
      else
          return d;
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, error, context, numstr, min, max);
      exit_program(1);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int64_t parse_time_or_die(const char *context, const char *timestr,
                            int is_duration)
  {
      int64_t us;
      if (av_parse_time(&us, timestr, is_duration) < 0) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid %s specification for %s: %s\n",
                 is_duration ? "duration" : "date", context, timestr);
          exit_program(1);
      }
      return us;
  }
  
  void show_help_options(const OptionDef *options, const char *msg, int req_flags,
                         int rej_flags, int alt_flags)
  {
      const OptionDef *po;
      int first;
  
      first = 1;
      for (po = options; po->name; po++) {
          char buf[64];
  
          if (((po->flags & req_flags) != req_flags) ||
              (alt_flags && !(po->flags & alt_flags)) ||
              (po->flags & rej_flags))
              continue;
  
          if (first) {
              printf("%s\n", msg);
              first = 0;
          }
          av_strlcpy(buf, po->name, sizeof(buf));
          if (po->argname) {
              av_strlcat(buf, " ", sizeof(buf));
              av_strlcat(buf, po->argname, sizeof(buf));
          }
          printf("-%-17s  %s\n", buf, po->help);
      }
      printf("\n");
  }
  
  void show_help_children(const AVClass *class, int flags)
  {
      const AVClass *child = NULL;
      if (class->option) {
          av_opt_show2(&class, NULL, flags, 0);
          printf("\n");
      }
  
      while (child = av_opt_child_class_next(class, child))
          show_help_children(child, flags);
  }
  
  static const OptionDef *find_option(const OptionDef *po, const char *name)
  {
      const char *p = strchr(name, ':');
      int len = p ? p - name : strlen(name);
  
      while (po->name) {
          if (!strncmp(name, po->name, len) && strlen(po->name) == len)
              break;
          po++;
      }
      return po;
  }
  
  /* _WIN32 means using the windows libc - cygwin doesn't define that
   * by default. HAVE_COMMANDLINETOARGVW is true on cygwin, while
   * it doesn't provide the actual command line via GetCommandLineW(). */
  #if HAVE_COMMANDLINETOARGVW && defined(_WIN32)
  #include <windows.h>
  #include <shellapi.h>
  /* Will be leaked on exit */
  static char** win32_argv_utf8 = NULL;
  static int win32_argc = 0;
  
  /**
   * Prepare command line arguments for executable.
   * For Windows - perform wide-char to UTF-8 conversion.
   * Input arguments should be main() function arguments.
   * @param argc_ptr Arguments number (including executable)
   * @param argv_ptr Arguments list.
   */
  static void prepare_app_arguments(int *argc_ptr, char ***argv_ptr)
  {
      char *argstr_flat;
      wchar_t **argv_w;
      int i, buffsize = 0, offset = 0;
  
      if (win32_argv_utf8) {
          *argc_ptr = win32_argc;
          *argv_ptr = win32_argv_utf8;
          return;
      }
  
      win32_argc = 0;
      argv_w = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &win32_argc);
      if (win32_argc <= 0 || !argv_w)
          return;
  
      /* determine the UTF-8 buffer size (including NULL-termination symbols) */
      for (i = 0; i < win32_argc; i++)
          buffsize += WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv_w[i], -1,
                                          NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
  
      win32_argv_utf8 = av_mallocz(sizeof(char *) * (win32_argc + 1) + buffsize);
      argstr_flat     = (char *)win32_argv_utf8 + sizeof(char *) * (win32_argc + 1);
      if (!win32_argv_utf8) {
          LocalFree(argv_w);
          return;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < win32_argc; i++) {
          win32_argv_utf8[i] = &argstr_flat[offset];
          offset += WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv_w[i], -1,
                                        &argstr_flat[offset],
                                        buffsize - offset, NULL, NULL);
      }
      win32_argv_utf8[i] = NULL;
      LocalFree(argv_w);
  
      *argc_ptr = win32_argc;
      *argv_ptr = win32_argv_utf8;
  }
  #else
  static inline void prepare_app_arguments(int *argc_ptr, char ***argv_ptr)
  {
      /* nothing to do */
  }
  #endif /* HAVE_COMMANDLINETOARGVW */
  
  static int write_option(void *optctx, const OptionDef *po, const char *opt,
                          const char *arg)
  {
      /* new-style options contain an offset into optctx, old-style address of
       * a global var*/
      void *dst = po->flags & (OPT_OFFSET | OPT_SPEC) ?
                  (uint8_t *)optctx + po->u.off : po->u.dst_ptr;
      int *dstcount;
  
      if (po->flags & OPT_SPEC) {
          SpecifierOpt **so = dst;
          char *p = strchr(opt, ':');
          char *str;
  
          dstcount = (int *)(so + 1);
          *so = grow_array(*so, sizeof(**so), dstcount, *dstcount + 1);
          str = av_strdup(p ? p + 1 : "");
          if (!str)
              return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
          (*so)[*dstcount - 1].specifier = str;
          dst = &(*so)[*dstcount - 1].u;
      }
  
      if (po->flags & OPT_STRING) {
          char *str;
          str = av_strdup(arg);
          av_freep(dst);
          if (!str)
              return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
          *(char **)dst = str;
      } else if (po->flags & OPT_BOOL || po->flags & OPT_INT) {
          *(int *)dst = parse_number_or_die(opt, arg, OPT_INT64, INT_MIN, INT_MAX);
      } else if (po->flags & OPT_INT64) {
          *(int64_t *)dst = parse_number_or_die(opt, arg, OPT_INT64, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX);
      } else if (po->flags & OPT_TIME) {
          *(int64_t *)dst = parse_time_or_die(opt, arg, 1);
      } else if (po->flags & OPT_FLOAT) {
          *(float *)dst = parse_number_or_die(opt, arg, OPT_FLOAT, -INFINITY, INFINITY);
      } else if (po->flags & OPT_DOUBLE) {
          *(double *)dst = parse_number_or_die(opt, arg, OPT_DOUBLE, -INFINITY, INFINITY);
      } else if (po->u.func_arg) {
          int ret = po->u.func_arg(optctx, opt, arg);
          if (ret < 0) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                     "Failed to set value '%s' for option '%s': %s\n",
                     arg, opt, av_err2str(ret));
              return ret;
          }
      }
      if (po->flags & OPT_EXIT)
          exit_program(0);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int parse_option(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg,
                   const OptionDef *options)
  {
      const OptionDef *po;
      int ret;
  
      po = find_option(options, opt);
      if (!po->name && opt[0] == 'n' && opt[1] == 'o') {
          /* handle 'no' bool option */
          po = find_option(options, opt + 2);
          if ((po->name && (po->flags & OPT_BOOL)))
              arg = "0";
      } else if (po->flags & OPT_BOOL)
          arg = "1";
  
      if (!po->name)
          po = find_option(options, "default");
      if (!po->name) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unrecognized option '%s'\n", opt);
          return AVERROR(EINVAL);
      }
      if (po->flags & HAS_ARG && !arg) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Missing argument for option '%s'\n", opt);
          return AVERROR(EINVAL);
      }
  
      ret = write_option(optctx, po, opt, arg);
      if (ret < 0)
          return ret;
  
      return !!(po->flags & HAS_ARG);
  }
  
  void parse_options(void *optctx, int argc, char **argv, const OptionDef *options,
                     void (*parse_arg_function)(void *, const char*))
  {
      const char *opt;
      int optindex, handleoptions = 1, ret;
  
      /* perform system-dependent conversions for arguments list */
      prepare_app_arguments(&argc, &argv);
  
      /* parse options */
      optindex = 1;
      while (optindex < argc) {
          opt = argv[optindex++];
  
          if (handleoptions && opt[0] == '-' && opt[1] != '\0') {
              if (opt[1] == '-' && opt[2] == '\0') {
                  handleoptions = 0;
                  continue;
              }
              opt++;
  
              if ((ret = parse_option(optctx, opt, argv[optindex], options)) < 0)
                  exit_program(1);
              optindex += ret;
          } else {
              if (parse_arg_function)
                  parse_arg_function(optctx, opt);
          }
      }
  }
  
  int parse_optgroup(void *optctx, OptionGroup *g)
  {
      int i, ret;
  
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Parsing a group of options: %s %s.\n",
             g->group_def->name, g->arg);
  
      for (i = 0; i < g->nb_opts; i++) {
          Option *o = &g->opts[i];
  
          if (g->group_def->flags &&
              !(g->group_def->flags & o->opt->flags)) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Option %s (%s) cannot be applied to "
                     "%s %s -- you are trying to apply an input option to an "
                     "output file or vice versa. Move this option before the "
                     "file it belongs to.\n", o->key, o->opt->help,
                     g->group_def->name, g->arg);
              return AVERROR(EINVAL);
          }
  
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Applying option %s (%s) with argument %s.\n",
                 o->key, o->opt->help, o->val);
  
          ret = write_option(optctx, o->opt, o->key, o->val);
          if (ret < 0)
              return ret;
      }
  
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Successfully parsed a group of options.\n");
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int locate_option(int argc, char **argv, const OptionDef *options,
                    const char *optname)
  {
      const OptionDef *po;
      int i;
  
      for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
          const char *cur_opt = argv[i];
  
          if (*cur_opt++ != '-')
              continue;
  
          po = find_option(options, cur_opt);
          if (!po->name && cur_opt[0] == 'n' && cur_opt[1] == 'o')
              po = find_option(options, cur_opt + 2);
  
          if ((!po->name && !strcmp(cur_opt, optname)) ||
               (po->name && !strcmp(optname, po->name)))
              return i;
  
          if (!po->name || po->flags & HAS_ARG)
              i++;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void dump_argument(const char *a)
  {
      const unsigned char *p;
  
      for (p = a; *p; p++)
          if (!((*p >= '+' && *p <= ':') || (*p >= '@' && *p <= 'Z') ||
                *p == '_' || (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z')))
              break;
      if (!*p) {
          fputs(a, report_file);
          return;
      }
      fputc('"', report_file);
      for (p = a; *p; p++) {
          if (*p == '\\' || *p == '"' || *p == '$' || *p == '`')
              fprintf(report_file, "\\%c", *p);
          else if (*p < ' ' || *p > '~')
              fprintf(report_file, "\\x%02x", *p);
          else
              fputc(*p, report_file);
      }
      fputc('"', report_file);
  }
  
  static void check_options(const OptionDef *po)
  {
      while (po->name) {
          if (po->flags & OPT_PERFILE)
              av_assert0(po->flags & (OPT_INPUT | OPT_OUTPUT));
          po++;
      }
  }
  
  void parse_loglevel(int argc, char **argv, const OptionDef *options)
  {
      int idx = locate_option(argc, argv, options, "loglevel");
      const char *env;
  
      check_options(options);
  
      if (!idx)
          idx = locate_option(argc, argv, options, "v");
      if (idx && argv[idx + 1])
          opt_loglevel(NULL, "loglevel", argv[idx + 1]);
      idx = locate_option(argc, argv, options, "report");
      if ((env = getenv("FFREPORT")) || idx) {
          init_report(env);
          if (report_file) {
              int i;
              fprintf(report_file, "Command line:\n");
              for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                  dump_argument(argv[i]);
                  fputc(i < argc - 1 ? ' ' : '\n', report_file);
              }
              fflush(report_file);
          }
      }
      idx = locate_option(argc, argv, options, "hide_banner");
      if (idx)
          hide_banner = 1;
  }
  
  static const AVOption *opt_find(void *obj, const char *name, const char *unit,
                              int opt_flags, int search_flags)
  {
      const AVOption *o = av_opt_find(obj, name, unit, opt_flags, search_flags);
      if(o && !o->flags)
          return NULL;
      return o;
  }
  
  #define FLAGS (o->type == AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS && (arg[0]=='-' || arg[0]=='+')) ? AV_DICT_APPEND : 0
  int opt_default(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      const AVOption *o;
      int consumed = 0;
      char opt_stripped[128];
      const char *p;
      const AVClass *cc = avcodec_get_class(), *fc = avformat_get_class();
  #if CONFIG_AVRESAMPLE
      const AVClass *rc = avresample_get_class();
  #endif
      const AVClass *sc, *swr_class;
  
      if (!strcmp(opt, "debug") || !strcmp(opt, "fdebug"))
          av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_DEBUG);
  
      if (!(p = strchr(opt, ':')))
          p = opt + strlen(opt);
      av_strlcpy(opt_stripped, opt, FFMIN(sizeof(opt_stripped), p - opt + 1));
  
      if ((o = opt_find(&cc, opt_stripped, NULL, 0,
                           AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN | AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ)) ||
          ((opt[0] == 'v' || opt[0] == 'a' || opt[0] == 's') &&
           (o = opt_find(&cc, opt + 1, NULL, 0, AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ)))) {
          av_dict_set(&codec_opts, opt, arg, FLAGS);
          consumed = 1;
      }
      if ((o = opt_find(&fc, opt, NULL, 0,
                           AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN | AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ))) {
          av_dict_set(&format_opts, opt, arg, FLAGS);
          if (consumed)
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Routing option %s to both codec and muxer layer\n", opt);
          consumed = 1;
      }
  #if CONFIG_SWSCALE
      sc = sws_get_class();
      if (!consumed && (o = opt_find(&sc, opt, NULL, 0,
                           AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN | AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ))) {
          struct SwsContext *sws = sws_alloc_context();
          int ret = av_opt_set(sws, opt, arg, 0);
          sws_freeContext(sws);
          if (!strcmp(opt, "srcw") || !strcmp(opt, "srch") ||
              !strcmp(opt, "dstw") || !strcmp(opt, "dsth") ||
              !strcmp(opt, "src_format") || !strcmp(opt, "dst_format")) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Directly using swscale dimensions/format options is not supported, please use the -s or -pix_fmt options\n");
              return AVERROR(EINVAL);
          }
          if (ret < 0) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error setting option %s.\n", opt);
              return ret;
          }
  
          av_dict_set(&sws_dict, opt, arg, FLAGS);
  
          consumed = 1;
      }
  #else
      if (!consumed && !strcmp(opt, "sws_flags")) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Ignoring %s %s, due to disabled swscale\n", opt, arg);
          consumed = 1;
      }
  #endif
  #if CONFIG_SWRESAMPLE
      swr_class = swr_get_class();
      if (!consumed && (o=opt_find(&swr_class, opt, NULL, 0,
                                      AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN | AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ))) {
          struct SwrContext *swr = swr_alloc();
          int ret = av_opt_set(swr, opt, arg, 0);
          swr_free(&swr);
          if (ret < 0) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error setting option %s.\n", opt);
              return ret;
          }
          av_dict_set(&swr_opts, opt, arg, FLAGS);
          consumed = 1;
      }
  #endif
  #if CONFIG_AVRESAMPLE
      if ((o=opt_find(&rc, opt, NULL, 0,
                         AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN | AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ))) {
          av_dict_set(&resample_opts, opt, arg, FLAGS);
          consumed = 1;
      }
  #endif
  
      if (consumed)
          return 0;
      return AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND;
  }
  
  /*
   * Check whether given option is a group separator.
   *
   * @return index of the group definition that matched or -1 if none
   */
  static int match_group_separator(const OptionGroupDef *groups, int nb_groups,
                                   const char *opt)
  {
      int i;
  
      for (i = 0; i < nb_groups; i++) {
          const OptionGroupDef *p = &groups[i];
          if (p->sep && !strcmp(p->sep, opt))
              return i;
      }
  
      return -1;
  }
  
  /*
   * Finish parsing an option group.
   *
   * @param group_idx which group definition should this group belong to
   * @param arg argument of the group delimiting option
   */
  static void finish_group(OptionParseContext *octx, int group_idx,
                           const char *arg)
  {
      OptionGroupList *l = &octx->groups[group_idx];
      OptionGroup *g;
  
      GROW_ARRAY(l->groups, l->nb_groups);
      g = &l->groups[l->nb_groups - 1];
  
      *g             = octx->cur_group;
      g->arg         = arg;
      g->group_def   = l->group_def;
      g->sws_dict    = sws_dict;
      g->swr_opts    = swr_opts;
      g->codec_opts  = codec_opts;
      g->format_opts = format_opts;
      g->resample_opts = resample_opts;
  
      codec_opts  = NULL;
      format_opts = NULL;
      resample_opts = NULL;
      sws_dict    = NULL;
      swr_opts    = NULL;
      init_opts();
  
      memset(&octx->cur_group, 0, sizeof(octx->cur_group));
  }
  
  /*
   * Add an option instance to currently parsed group.
   */
  static void add_opt(OptionParseContext *octx, const OptionDef *opt,
                      const char *key, const char *val)
  {
      int global = !(opt->flags & (OPT_PERFILE | OPT_SPEC | OPT_OFFSET));
      OptionGroup *g = global ? &octx->global_opts : &octx->cur_group;
  
      GROW_ARRAY(g->opts, g->nb_opts);
      g->opts[g->nb_opts - 1].opt = opt;
      g->opts[g->nb_opts - 1].key = key;
      g->opts[g->nb_opts - 1].val = val;
  }
  
  static void init_parse_context(OptionParseContext *octx,
                                 const OptionGroupDef *groups, int nb_groups)
  {
      static const OptionGroupDef global_group = { "global" };
      int i;
  
      memset(octx, 0, sizeof(*octx));
  
      octx->nb_groups = nb_groups;
      octx->groups    = av_mallocz_array(octx->nb_groups, sizeof(*octx->groups));
      if (!octx->groups)
          exit_program(1);
  
      for (i = 0; i < octx->nb_groups; i++)
          octx->groups[i].group_def = &groups[i];
  
      octx->global_opts.group_def = &global_group;
      octx->global_opts.arg       = "";
  
      init_opts();
  }
  
  void uninit_parse_context(OptionParseContext *octx)
  {
      int i, j;
  
      for (i = 0; i < octx->nb_groups; i++) {
          OptionGroupList *l = &octx->groups[i];
  
          for (j = 0; j < l->nb_groups; j++) {
              av_freep(&l->groups[j].opts);
              av_dict_free(&l->groups[j].codec_opts);
              av_dict_free(&l->groups[j].format_opts);
              av_dict_free(&l->groups[j].resample_opts);
  
              av_dict_free(&l->groups[j].sws_dict);
              av_dict_free(&l->groups[j].swr_opts);
          }
          av_freep(&l->groups);
      }
      av_freep(&octx->groups);
  
      av_freep(&octx->cur_group.opts);
      av_freep(&octx->global_opts.opts);
  
      uninit_opts();
  }
  
  int split_commandline(OptionParseContext *octx, int argc, char *argv[],
                        const OptionDef *options,
                        const OptionGroupDef *groups, int nb_groups)
  {
      int optindex = 1;
      int dashdash = -2;
  
      /* perform system-dependent conversions for arguments list */
      prepare_app_arguments(&argc, &argv);
  
      init_parse_context(octx, groups, nb_groups);
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Splitting the commandline.\n");
  
      while (optindex < argc) {
          const char *opt = argv[optindex++], *arg;
          const OptionDef *po;
          int ret;
  
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Reading option '%s' ...", opt);
  
          if (opt[0] == '-' && opt[1] == '-' && !opt[2]) {
              dashdash = optindex;
              continue;
          }
          /* unnamed group separators, e.g. output filename */
          if (opt[0] != '-' || !opt[1] || dashdash+1 == optindex) {
              finish_group(octx, 0, opt);
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as %s.\n", groups[0].name);
              continue;
          }
          opt++;
  
  #define GET_ARG(arg)                                                           \
  do {                                                                           \
      arg = argv[optindex++];                                                    \
      if (!arg) {                                                                \
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Missing argument for option '%s'.\n", opt);\
          return AVERROR(EINVAL);                                                \
      }                                                                          \
  } while (0)
  
          /* named group separators, e.g. -i */
          if ((ret = match_group_separator(groups, nb_groups, opt)) >= 0) {
              GET_ARG(arg);
              finish_group(octx, ret, arg);
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as %s with argument '%s'.\n",
                     groups[ret].name, arg);
              continue;
          }
  
          /* normal options */
          po = find_option(options, opt);
          if (po->name) {
              if (po->flags & OPT_EXIT) {
                  /* optional argument, e.g. -h */
                  arg = argv[optindex++];
              } else if (po->flags & HAS_ARG) {
                  GET_ARG(arg);
              } else {
                  arg = "1";
              }
  
              add_opt(octx, po, opt, arg);
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as option '%s' (%s) with "
                     "argument '%s'.\n", po->name, po->help, arg);
              continue;
          }
  
          /* AVOptions */
          if (argv[optindex]) {
              ret = opt_default(NULL, opt, argv[optindex]);
              if (ret >= 0) {
                  av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as AVOption '%s' with "
                         "argument '%s'.\n", opt, argv[optindex]);
                  optindex++;
                  continue;
              } else if (ret != AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND) {
                  av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error parsing option '%s' "
                         "with argument '%s'.\n", opt, argv[optindex]);
                  return ret;
              }
          }
  
          /* boolean -nofoo options */
          if (opt[0] == 'n' && opt[1] == 'o' &&
              (po = find_option(options, opt + 2)) &&
              po->name && po->flags & OPT_BOOL) {
              add_opt(octx, po, opt, "0");
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as option '%s' (%s) with "
                     "argument 0.\n", po->name, po->help);
              continue;
          }
  
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unrecognized option '%s'.\n", opt);
          return AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND;
      }
  
      if (octx->cur_group.nb_opts || codec_opts || format_opts || resample_opts)
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Trailing options were found on the "
                 "commandline.\n");
  
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Finished splitting the commandline.\n");
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int opt_cpuflags(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      int ret;
      unsigned flags = av_get_cpu_flags();
  
      if ((ret = av_parse_cpu_caps(&flags, arg)) < 0)
          return ret;
  
      av_force_cpu_flags(flags);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int opt_loglevel(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      const struct { const char *name; int level; } log_levels[] = {
          { "quiet"  , AV_LOG_QUIET   },
          { "panic"  , AV_LOG_PANIC   },
          { "fatal"  , AV_LOG_FATAL   },
          { "error"  , AV_LOG_ERROR   },
          { "warning", AV_LOG_WARNING },
          { "info"   , AV_LOG_INFO    },
          { "verbose", AV_LOG_VERBOSE },
          { "debug"  , AV_LOG_DEBUG   },
          { "trace"  , AV_LOG_TRACE   },
      };
      char *tail;
      int level;
      int flags;
      int i;
  
      flags = av_log_get_flags();
      tail = strstr(arg, "repeat");
      if (tail)
          flags &= ~AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED;
      else
          flags |= AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED;
  
      av_log_set_flags(flags);
      if (tail == arg)
          arg += 6 + (arg[6]=='+');
      if(tail && !*arg)
          return 0;
  
      for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(log_levels); i++) {
          if (!strcmp(log_levels[i].name, arg)) {
              av_log_set_level(log_levels[i].level);
              return 0;
          }
      }
  
      level = strtol(arg, &tail, 10);
      if (*tail) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid loglevel \"%s\". "
                 "Possible levels are numbers or:\n", arg);
          for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(log_levels); i++)
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "\"%s\"\n", log_levels[i].name);
          exit_program(1);
      }
      av_log_set_level(level);
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void expand_filename_template(AVBPrint *bp, const char *template,
                                       struct tm *tm)
  {
      int c;
  
      while ((c = *(template++))) {
          if (c == '%') {
              if (!(c = *(template++)))
                  break;
              switch (c) {
              case 'p':
                  av_bprintf(bp, "%s", program_name);
                  break;
              case 't':
                  av_bprintf(bp, "%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d%02d",
                             tm->tm_year + 1900, tm->tm_mon + 1, tm->tm_mday,
                             tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec);
                  break;
              case '%':
                  av_bprint_chars(bp, c, 1);
                  break;
              }
          } else {
              av_bprint_chars(bp, c, 1);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static int init_report(const char *env)
  {
      char *filename_template = NULL;
      char *key, *val;
      int ret, count = 0;
      time_t now;
      struct tm *tm;
      AVBPrint filename;
  
      if (report_file) /* already opened */
          return 0;
      time(&now);
      tm = localtime(&now);
  
      while (env && *env) {
          if ((ret = av_opt_get_key_value(&env, "=", ":", 0, &key, &val)) < 0) {
              if (count)
                  av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                         "Failed to parse FFREPORT environment variable: %s\n",
                         av_err2str(ret));
              break;
          }
          if (*env)
              env++;
          count++;
          if (!strcmp(key, "file")) {
              av_free(filename_template);
              filename_template = val;
              val = NULL;
          } else if (!strcmp(key, "level")) {
              char *tail;
              report_file_level = strtol(val, &tail, 10);
              if (*tail) {
                  av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid report file level\n");
                  exit_program(1);
              }
          } else {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown key '%s' in FFREPORT\n", key);
          }
          av_free(val);
          av_free(key);
      }
  
      av_bprint_init(&filename, 0, 1);
      expand_filename_template(&filename,
                               av_x_if_null(filename_template, "%p-%t.log"), tm);
      av_free(filename_template);
      if (!av_bprint_is_complete(&filename)) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Out of memory building report file name\n");
          return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
      }
  
      report_file = fopen(filename.str, "w");
      if (!report_file) {
          int ret = AVERROR(errno);
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to open report \"%s\": %s\n",
                 filename.str, strerror(errno));
          return ret;
      }
      av_log_set_callback(log_callback_report);
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,
             "%s started on %04d-%02d-%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d\n"
             "Report written to \"%s\"\n",
             program_name,
             tm->tm_year + 1900, tm->tm_mon + 1, tm->tm_mday,
             tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
             filename.str);
      av_bprint_finalize(&filename, NULL);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int opt_report(const char *opt)
  {
      return init_report(NULL);
  }
  
  int opt_max_alloc(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      char *tail;
      size_t max;
  
      max = strtol(arg, &tail, 10);
      if (*tail) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid max_alloc \"%s\".\n", arg);
          exit_program(1);
      }
      av_max_alloc(max);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int opt_timelimit(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
  #if HAVE_SETRLIMIT
      int lim = parse_number_or_die(opt, arg, OPT_INT64, 0, INT_MAX);
      struct rlimit rl = { lim, lim + 1 };
      if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU, &rl))
          perror("setrlimit");
  #else
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "-%s not implemented on this OS\n", opt);
  #endif
      return 0;
  }
  
  void print_error(const char *filename, int err)
  {
      char errbuf[128];
      const char *errbuf_ptr = errbuf;
  
      if (av_strerror(err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)) < 0)
          errbuf_ptr = strerror(AVUNERROR(err));
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "%s: %s\n", filename, errbuf_ptr);
  }
  
  static int warned_cfg = 0;
  
  #define INDENT        1
  #define SHOW_VERSION  2
  #define SHOW_CONFIG   4
  #define SHOW_COPYRIGHT 8
  
  #define PRINT_LIB_INFO(libname, LIBNAME, flags, level)                  \
      if (CONFIG_##LIBNAME) {                                             \
          const char *indent = flags & INDENT? "  " : "";                 \
          if (flags & SHOW_VERSION) {                                     \
              unsigned int version = libname##_version();                 \
              av_log(NULL, level,                                         \
                     "%slib%-11s %2d.%3d.%3d / %2d.%3d.%3d\n",            \
                     indent, #libname,                                    \
                     LIB##LIBNAME##_VERSION_MAJOR,                        \
                     LIB##LIBNAME##_VERSION_MINOR,                        \
                     LIB##LIBNAME##_VERSION_MICRO,                        \
                     version >> 16, version >> 8 & 0xff, version & 0xff); \
          }                                                               \
          if (flags & SHOW_CONFIG) {                                      \
              const char *cfg = libname##_configuration();                \
              if (strcmp(FFMPEG_CONFIGURATION, cfg)) {                    \
                  if (!warned_cfg) {                                      \
                      av_log(NULL, level,                                 \
                              "%sWARNING: library configuration mismatch\n", \
                              indent);                                    \
                      warned_cfg = 1;                                     \
                  }                                                       \
                  av_log(NULL, level, "%s%-11s configuration: %s\n",      \
                          indent, #libname, cfg);                         \
              }                                                           \
          }                                                               \
      }                                                                   \
  
  static void print_all_libs_info(int flags, int level)
  {
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(avutil,   AVUTIL,   flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(avcodec,  AVCODEC,  flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(avformat, AVFORMAT, flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(avdevice, AVDEVICE, flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(avfilter, AVFILTER, flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(avresample, AVRESAMPLE, flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(swscale,  SWSCALE,  flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(swresample,SWRESAMPLE,  flags, level);
      PRINT_LIB_INFO(postproc, POSTPROC, flags, level);
  }
  
  static void print_program_info(int flags, int level)
  {
      const char *indent = flags & INDENT? "  " : "";
  
      av_log(NULL, level, "%s version " FFMPEG_VERSION, program_name);
      if (flags & SHOW_COPYRIGHT)
          av_log(NULL, level, " Copyright (c) %d-%d the FFmpeg developers",
                 program_birth_year, CONFIG_THIS_YEAR);
      av_log(NULL, level, "\n");
      av_log(NULL, level, "%sbuilt with %s\n", indent, CC_IDENT);
  
      av_log(NULL, level, "%sconfiguration: " FFMPEG_CONFIGURATION "\n", indent);
  }
  
  static void print_buildconf(int flags, int level)
  {
      const char *indent = flags & INDENT ? "  " : "";
      char str[] = { FFMPEG_CONFIGURATION };
      char *conflist, *remove_tilde, *splitconf;
  
      // Change all the ' --' strings to '~--' so that
      // they can be identified as tokens.
      while ((conflist = strstr(str, " --")) != NULL) {
          strncpy(conflist, "~--", 3);
      }
  
      // Compensate for the weirdness this would cause
      // when passing 'pkg-config --static'.
      while ((remove_tilde = strstr(str, "pkg-config~")) != NULL) {
          strncpy(remove_tilde, "pkg-config ", 11);
      }
  
      splitconf = strtok(str, "~");
      av_log(NULL, level, "\n%sconfiguration:\n", indent);
      while (splitconf != NULL) {
          av_log(NULL, level, "%s%s%s\n", indent, indent, splitconf);
          splitconf = strtok(NULL, "~");
      }
  }
  
  void show_banner(int argc, char **argv, const OptionDef *options)
  {
      int idx = locate_option(argc, argv, options, "version");
      if (hide_banner || idx)
          return;
  
      print_program_info (INDENT|SHOW_COPYRIGHT, AV_LOG_INFO);
      print_all_libs_info(INDENT|SHOW_CONFIG,  AV_LOG_INFO);
      print_all_libs_info(INDENT|SHOW_VERSION, AV_LOG_INFO);
  }
  
  int show_version(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      av_log_set_callback(log_callback_help);
      print_program_info (SHOW_COPYRIGHT, AV_LOG_INFO);
      print_all_libs_info(SHOW_VERSION, AV_LOG_INFO);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_buildconf(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      av_log_set_callback(log_callback_help);
      print_buildconf      (INDENT|0, AV_LOG_INFO);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_license(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
  #if CONFIG_NONFREE
      printf(
      "This version of %s has nonfree parts compiled in.\n"
      "Therefore it is not legally redistributable.\n",
      program_name );
  #elif CONFIG_GPLV3
      printf(
      "%s is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n"
      "it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n"
      "the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or\n"
      "(at your option) any later version.\n"
      "\n"
      "%s is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"
      "but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"
      "MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n"
      "GNU General Public License for more details.\n"
      "\n"
      "You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n"
      "along with %s.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.\n",
      program_name, program_name, program_name );
  #elif CONFIG_GPL
      printf(
      "%s is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n"
      "it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n"
      "the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n"
      "(at your option) any later version.\n"
      "\n"
      "%s is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"
      "but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"
      "MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n"
      "GNU General Public License for more details.\n"
      "\n"
      "You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n"
      "along with %s; if not, write to the Free Software\n"
      "Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\n",
      program_name, program_name, program_name );
  #elif CONFIG_LGPLV3
      printf(
      "%s is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n"
      "it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by\n"
      "the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or\n"
      "(at your option) any later version.\n"
      "\n"
      "%s is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"
      "but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"
      "MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n"
      "GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.\n"
      "\n"
      "You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License\n"
      "along with %s.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.\n",
      program_name, program_name, program_name );
  #else
      printf(
      "%s is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n"
      "modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\n"
      "License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\n"
      "version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n"
      "\n"
      "%s is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"
      "but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"
      "MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU\n"
      "Lesser General Public License for more details.\n"
      "\n"
      "You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\n"
      "License along with %s; if not, write to the Free Software\n"
      "Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\n",
      program_name, program_name, program_name );
  #endif
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int is_device(const AVClass *avclass)
  {
      if (!avclass)
          return 0;
      return AV_IS_INPUT_DEVICE(avclass->category) || AV_IS_OUTPUT_DEVICE(avclass->category);
  }
  
  static int show_formats_devices(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg, int device_only)
  {
      AVInputFormat *ifmt  = NULL;
      AVOutputFormat *ofmt = NULL;
      const char *last_name;
      int is_dev;
  
      printf("%s\n"
             " D. = Demuxing supported\n"
             " .E = Muxing supported\n"
             " --\n", device_only ? "Devices:" : "File formats:");
      last_name = "000";
      for (;;) {
          int decode = 0;
          int encode = 0;
          const char *name      = NULL;
          const char *long_name = NULL;
  
          while ((ofmt = av_oformat_next(ofmt))) {
              is_dev = is_device(ofmt->priv_class);
              if (!is_dev && device_only)
                  continue;
              if ((!name || strcmp(ofmt->name, name) < 0) &&
                  strcmp(ofmt->name, last_name) > 0) {
                  name      = ofmt->name;
                  long_name = ofmt->long_name;
                  encode    = 1;
              }
          }
          while ((ifmt = av_iformat_next(ifmt))) {
              is_dev = is_device(ifmt->priv_class);
              if (!is_dev && device_only)
                  continue;
              if ((!name || strcmp(ifmt->name, name) < 0) &&
                  strcmp(ifmt->name, last_name) > 0) {
                  name      = ifmt->name;
                  long_name = ifmt->long_name;
                  encode    = 0;
              }
              if (name && strcmp(ifmt->name, name) == 0)
                  decode = 1;
          }
          if (!name)
              break;
          last_name = name;
  
          printf(" %s%s %-15s %s\n",
                 decode ? "D" : " ",
                 encode ? "E" : " ",
                 name,
              long_name ? long_name:" ");
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_formats(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      return show_formats_devices(optctx, opt, arg, 0);
  }
  
  int show_devices(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      return show_formats_devices(optctx, opt, arg, 1);
  }
  
  #define PRINT_CODEC_SUPPORTED(codec, field, type, list_name, term, get_name) \
      if (codec->field) {                                                      \
          const type *p = codec->field;                                        \
                                                                               \
          printf("    Supported " list_name ":");                              \
          while (*p != term) {                                                 \
              get_name(*p);                                                    \
              printf(" %s", name);                                             \
              p++;                                                             \
          }                                                                    \
          printf("\n");                                                        \
      }                                                                        \
  
  static void print_codec(const AVCodec *c)
  {
      int encoder = av_codec_is_encoder(c);
  
      printf("%s %s [%s]:\n", encoder ? "Encoder" : "Decoder", c->name,
             c->long_name ? c->long_name : "");
  
      if (c->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO ||
          c->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
          printf("    Threading capabilities: ");
          switch (c->capabilities & (AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS |
                                     AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS)) {
          case AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS |
               AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS: printf("frame and slice"); break;
          case AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS: printf("frame");           break;
          case AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS: printf("slice");           break;
          default:                      printf("no");              break;
          }
          printf("\n");
      }
  
      if (c->supported_framerates) {
          const AVRational *fps = c->supported_framerates;
  
          printf("    Supported framerates:");
          while (fps->num) {
              printf(" %d/%d", fps->num, fps->den);
              fps++;
          }
          printf("\n");
      }
      PRINT_CODEC_SUPPORTED(c, pix_fmts, enum AVPixelFormat, "pixel formats",
                            AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, GET_PIX_FMT_NAME);
      PRINT_CODEC_SUPPORTED(c, supported_samplerates, int, "sample rates", 0,
                            GET_SAMPLE_RATE_NAME);
      PRINT_CODEC_SUPPORTED(c, sample_fmts, enum AVSampleFormat, "sample formats",
                            AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE, GET_SAMPLE_FMT_NAME);
      PRINT_CODEC_SUPPORTED(c, channel_layouts, uint64_t, "channel layouts",
                            0, GET_CH_LAYOUT_DESC);
  
      if (c->priv_class) {
          show_help_children(c->priv_class,
                             AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM |
                             AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM);
      }
  }
  
  static char get_media_type_char(enum AVMediaType type)
  {
      switch (type) {
          case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:    return 'V';
          case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:    return 'A';
          case AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA:     return 'D';
          case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE: return 'S';
          case AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT:return 'T';
          default:                    return '?';
      }
  }
  
  static const AVCodec *next_codec_for_id(enum AVCodecID id, const AVCodec *prev,
                                          int encoder)
  {
      while ((prev = av_codec_next(prev))) {
          if (prev->id == id &&
              (encoder ? av_codec_is_encoder(prev) : av_codec_is_decoder(prev)))
              return prev;
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static int compare_codec_desc(const void *a, const void *b)
  {
      const AVCodecDescriptor * const *da = a;
      const AVCodecDescriptor * const *db = b;
  
      return (*da)->type != (*db)->type ? (*da)->type - (*db)->type :
             strcmp((*da)->name, (*db)->name);
  }
  
  static unsigned get_codecs_sorted(const AVCodecDescriptor ***rcodecs)
  {
      const AVCodecDescriptor *desc = NULL;
      const AVCodecDescriptor **codecs;
      unsigned nb_codecs = 0, i = 0;
  
      while ((desc = avcodec_descriptor_next(desc)))
          nb_codecs++;
      if (!(codecs = av_calloc(nb_codecs, sizeof(*codecs)))) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Out of memory\n");
          exit_program(1);
      }
      desc = NULL;
      while ((desc = avcodec_descriptor_next(desc)))
          codecs[i++] = desc;
      av_assert0(i == nb_codecs);
      qsort(codecs, nb_codecs, sizeof(*codecs), compare_codec_desc);
      *rcodecs = codecs;
      return nb_codecs;
  }
  
  static void print_codecs_for_id(enum AVCodecID id, int encoder)
  {
      const AVCodec *codec = NULL;
  
      printf(" (%s: ", encoder ? "encoders" : "decoders");
  
      while ((codec = next_codec_for_id(id, codec, encoder)))
          printf("%s ", codec->name);
  
      printf(")");
  }
  
  int show_codecs(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      const AVCodecDescriptor **codecs;
      unsigned i, nb_codecs = get_codecs_sorted(&codecs);
  
      printf("Codecs:\n"
             " D..... = Decoding supported\n"
             " .E.... = Encoding supported\n"
             " ..V... = Video codec\n"
             " ..A... = Audio codec\n"
             " ..S... = Subtitle codec\n"
             " ...I.. = Intra frame-only codec\n"
             " ....L. = Lossy compression\n"
             " .....S = Lossless compression\n"
             " -------\n");
      for (i = 0; i < nb_codecs; i++) {
          const AVCodecDescriptor *desc = codecs[i];
          const AVCodec *codec = NULL;
  
          if (strstr(desc->name, "_deprecated"))
              continue;
  
          printf(" ");
          printf(avcodec_find_decoder(desc->id) ? "D" : ".");
          printf(avcodec_find_encoder(desc->id) ? "E" : ".");
  
          printf("%c", get_media_type_char(desc->type));
          printf((desc->props & AV_CODEC_PROP_INTRA_ONLY) ? "I" : ".");
          printf((desc->props & AV_CODEC_PROP_LOSSY)      ? "L" : ".");
          printf((desc->props & AV_CODEC_PROP_LOSSLESS)   ? "S" : ".");
  
          printf(" %-20s %s", desc->name, desc->long_name ? desc->long_name : "");
  
          /* print decoders/encoders when there's more than one or their
           * names are different from codec name */
          while ((codec = next_codec_for_id(desc->id, codec, 0))) {
              if (strcmp(codec->name, desc->name)) {
                  print_codecs_for_id(desc->id, 0);
                  break;
              }
          }
          codec = NULL;
          while ((codec = next_codec_for_id(desc->id, codec, 1))) {
              if (strcmp(codec->name, desc->name)) {
                  print_codecs_for_id(desc->id, 1);
                  break;
              }
          }
  
          printf("\n");
      }
      av_free(codecs);
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void print_codecs(int encoder)
  {
      const AVCodecDescriptor **codecs;
      unsigned i, nb_codecs = get_codecs_sorted(&codecs);
  
      printf("%s:\n"
             " V..... = Video\n"
             " A..... = Audio\n"
             " S..... = Subtitle\n"
             " .F.... = Frame-level multithreading\n"
             " ..S... = Slice-level multithreading\n"
             " ...X.. = Codec is experimental\n"
             " ....B. = Supports draw_horiz_band\n"
             " .....D = Supports direct rendering method 1\n"
             " ------\n",
             encoder ? "Encoders" : "Decoders");
      for (i = 0; i < nb_codecs; i++) {
          const AVCodecDescriptor *desc = codecs[i];
          const AVCodec *codec = NULL;
  
          while ((codec = next_codec_for_id(desc->id, codec, encoder))) {
              printf(" %c", get_media_type_char(desc->type));
              printf((codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS) ? "F" : ".");
              printf((codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS) ? "S" : ".");
              printf((codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_EXPERIMENTAL)  ? "X" : ".");
              printf((codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DRAW_HORIZ_BAND)?"B" : ".");
              printf((codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DR1)           ? "D" : ".");
  
              printf(" %-20s %s", codec->name, codec->long_name ? codec->long_name : "");
              if (strcmp(codec->name, desc->name))
                  printf(" (codec %s)", desc->name);
  
              printf("\n");
          }
      }
      av_free(codecs);
  }
  
  int show_decoders(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      print_codecs(0);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_encoders(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      print_codecs(1);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_bsfs(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      AVBitStreamFilter *bsf = NULL;
  
      printf("Bitstream filters:\n");
      while ((bsf = av_bitstream_filter_next(bsf)))
          printf("%s\n", bsf->name);
      printf("\n");
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_protocols(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      void *opaque = NULL;
      const char *name;
  
      printf("Supported file protocols:\n"
             "Input:\n");
      while ((name = avio_enum_protocols(&opaque, 0)))
          printf("  %s\n", name);
      printf("Output:\n");
      while ((name = avio_enum_protocols(&opaque, 1)))
          printf("  %s\n", name);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_filters(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
  #if CONFIG_AVFILTER
      const AVFilter *filter = NULL;
      char descr[64], *descr_cur;
      int i, j;
      const AVFilterPad *pad;
  
      printf("Filters:\n"
             "  T.. = Timeline support\n"
             "  .S. = Slice threading\n"
             "  ..C = Command support\n"
             "  A = Audio input/output\n"
             "  V = Video input/output\n"
             "  N = Dynamic number and/or type of input/output\n"
             "  | = Source or sink filter\n");
      while ((filter = avfilter_next(filter))) {
          descr_cur = descr;
          for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
              if (i) {
                  *(descr_cur++) = '-';
                  *(descr_cur++) = '>';
              }
              pad = i ? filter->outputs : filter->inputs;
              for (j = 0; pad && avfilter_pad_get_name(pad, j); j++) {
                  if (descr_cur >= descr + sizeof(descr) - 4)
                      break;
                  *(descr_cur++) = get_media_type_char(avfilter_pad_get_type(pad, j));
              }
              if (!j)
                  *(descr_cur++) = ((!i && (filter->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_DYNAMIC_INPUTS)) ||
                                    ( i && (filter->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OUTPUTS))) ? 'N' : '|';
          }
          *descr_cur = 0;
          printf(" %c%c%c %-16s %-10s %s\n",
                 filter->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_SUPPORT_TIMELINE ? 'T' : '.',
                 filter->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_SLICE_THREADS    ? 'S' : '.',
                 filter->process_command                        ? 'C' : '.',
                 filter->name, descr, filter->description);
      }
  #else
      printf("No filters available: libavfilter disabled\n");
  #endif
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_colors(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      const char *name;
      const uint8_t *rgb;
      int i;
  
      printf("%-32s #RRGGBB\n", "name");
  
      for (i = 0; name = av_get_known_color_name(i, &rgb); i++)
          printf("%-32s #%02x%02x%02x\n", name, rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]);
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_pix_fmts(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      const AVPixFmtDescriptor *pix_desc = NULL;
  
      printf("Pixel formats:\n"
             "I.... = Supported Input  format for conversion\n"
             ".O... = Supported Output format for conversion\n"
             "..H.. = Hardware accelerated format\n"
             "...P. = Paletted format\n"
             "....B = Bitstream format\n"
             "FLAGS NAME            NB_COMPONENTS BITS_PER_PIXEL\n"
             "-----\n");
  
  #if !CONFIG_SWSCALE
  #   define sws_isSupportedInput(x)  0
  #   define sws_isSupportedOutput(x) 0
  #endif
  
      while ((pix_desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_next(pix_desc))) {
          enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt = av_pix_fmt_desc_get_id(pix_desc);
          printf("%c%c%c%c%c %-16s       %d            %2d\n",
                 sws_isSupportedInput (pix_fmt)              ? 'I' : '.',
                 sws_isSupportedOutput(pix_fmt)              ? 'O' : '.',
                 pix_desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_HWACCEL   ? 'H' : '.',
                 pix_desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_PAL       ? 'P' : '.',
                 pix_desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_BITSTREAM ? 'B' : '.',
                 pix_desc->name,
                 pix_desc->nb_components,
                 av_get_bits_per_pixel(pix_desc));
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_layouts(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      int i = 0;
      uint64_t layout, j;
      const char *name, *descr;
  
      printf("Individual channels:\n"
             "NAME           DESCRIPTION\n");
      for (i = 0; i < 63; i++) {
          name = av_get_channel_name((uint64_t)1 << i);
          if (!name)
              continue;
          descr = av_get_channel_description((uint64_t)1 << i);
          printf("%-14s %s\n", name, descr);
      }
      printf("\nStandard channel layouts:\n"
             "NAME           DECOMPOSITION\n");
      for (i = 0; !av_get_standard_channel_layout(i, &layout, &name); i++) {
          if (name) {
              printf("%-14s ", name);
              for (j = 1; j; j <<= 1)
                  if ((layout & j))
                      printf("%s%s", (layout & (j - 1)) ? "+" : "", av_get_channel_name(j));
              printf("\n");
          }
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_sample_fmts(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      int i;
      char fmt_str[128];
      for (i = -1; i < AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB; i++)
          printf("%s\n", av_get_sample_fmt_string(fmt_str, sizeof(fmt_str), i));
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void show_help_codec(const char *name, int encoder)
  {
      const AVCodecDescriptor *desc;
      const AVCodec *codec;
  
      if (!name) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No codec name specified.\n");
          return;
      }
  
      codec = encoder ? avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(name) :
                        avcodec_find_decoder_by_name(name);
  
      if (codec)
          print_codec(codec);
      else if ((desc = avcodec_descriptor_get_by_name(name))) {
          int printed = 0;
  
          while ((codec = next_codec_for_id(desc->id, codec, encoder))) {
              printed = 1;
              print_codec(codec);
          }
  
          if (!printed) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Codec '%s' is known to FFmpeg, "
                     "but no %s for it are available. FFmpeg might need to be "
                     "recompiled with additional external libraries.\n",
                     name, encoder ? "encoders" : "decoders");
          }
      } else {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Codec '%s' is not recognized by FFmpeg.\n",
                 name);
      }
  }
  
  static void show_help_demuxer(const char *name)
  {
      const AVInputFormat *fmt = av_find_input_format(name);
  
      if (!fmt) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown format '%s'.\n", name);
          return;
      }
  
      printf("Demuxer %s [%s]:\n", fmt->name, fmt->long_name);
  
      if (fmt->extensions)
          printf("    Common extensions: %s.\n", fmt->extensions);
  
      if (fmt->priv_class)
          show_help_children(fmt->priv_class, AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM);
  }
  
  static void show_help_muxer(const char *name)
  {
      const AVCodecDescriptor *desc;
      const AVOutputFormat *fmt = av_guess_format(name, NULL, NULL);
  
      if (!fmt) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown format '%s'.\n", name);
          return;
      }
  
      printf("Muxer %s [%s]:\n", fmt->name, fmt->long_name);
  
      if (fmt->extensions)
          printf("    Common extensions: %s.\n", fmt->extensions);
      if (fmt->mime_type)
          printf("    Mime type: %s.\n", fmt->mime_type);
      if (fmt->video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE &&
          (desc = avcodec_descriptor_get(fmt->video_codec))) {
          printf("    Default video codec: %s.\n", desc->name);
      }
      if (fmt->audio_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE &&
          (desc = avcodec_descriptor_get(fmt->audio_codec))) {
          printf("    Default audio codec: %s.\n", desc->name);
      }
      if (fmt->subtitle_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE &&
          (desc = avcodec_descriptor_get(fmt->subtitle_codec))) {
          printf("    Default subtitle codec: %s.\n", desc->name);
      }
  
      if (fmt->priv_class)
          show_help_children(fmt->priv_class, AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM);
  }
  
  #if CONFIG_AVFILTER
  static void show_help_filter(const char *name)
  {
  #if CONFIG_AVFILTER
      const AVFilter *f = avfilter_get_by_name(name);
      int i, count;
  
      if (!name) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No filter name specified.\n");
          return;
      } else if (!f) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown filter '%s'.\n", name);
          return;
      }
  
      printf("Filter %s\n", f->name);
      if (f->description)
          printf("  %s\n", f->description);
  
      if (f->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_SLICE_THREADS)
          printf("    slice threading supported\n");
  
      printf("    Inputs:\n");
      count = avfilter_pad_count(f->inputs);
      for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          printf("       #%d: %s (%s)\n", i, avfilter_pad_get_name(f->inputs, i),
                 media_type_string(avfilter_pad_get_type(f->inputs, i)));
      }
      if (f->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_DYNAMIC_INPUTS)
          printf("        dynamic (depending on the options)\n");
      else if (!count)
          printf("        none (source filter)\n");
  
      printf("    Outputs:\n");
      count = avfilter_pad_count(f->outputs);
      for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          printf("       #%d: %s (%s)\n", i, avfilter_pad_get_name(f->outputs, i),
                 media_type_string(avfilter_pad_get_type(f->outputs, i)));
      }
      if (f->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OUTPUTS)
          printf("        dynamic (depending on the options)\n");
      else if (!count)
          printf("        none (sink filter)\n");
  
      if (f->priv_class)
          show_help_children(f->priv_class, AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM | AV_OPT_FLAG_FILTERING_PARAM |
                                            AV_OPT_FLAG_AUDIO_PARAM);
      if (f->flags & AVFILTER_FLAG_SUPPORT_TIMELINE)
          printf("This filter has support for timeline through the 'enable' option.\n");
  #else
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Build without libavfilter; "
             "can not to satisfy request\n");
  #endif
  }
  #endif
  
  int show_help(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      char *topic, *par;
      av_log_set_callback(log_callback_help);
  
      topic = av_strdup(arg ? arg : "");
      if (!topic)
          return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
      par = strchr(topic, '=');
      if (par)
          *par++ = 0;
  
      if (!*topic) {
          show_help_default(topic, par);
      } else if (!strcmp(topic, "decoder")) {
          show_help_codec(par, 0);
      } else if (!strcmp(topic, "encoder")) {
          show_help_codec(par, 1);
      } else if (!strcmp(topic, "demuxer")) {
          show_help_demuxer(par);
      } else if (!strcmp(topic, "muxer")) {
          show_help_muxer(par);
  #if CONFIG_AVFILTER
      } else if (!strcmp(topic, "filter")) {
          show_help_filter(par);
  #endif
      } else {
          show_help_default(topic, par);
      }
  
      av_freep(&topic);
      return 0;
  }
  
  int read_yesno(void)
  {
      int c = getchar();
      int yesno = (av_toupper(c) == 'Y');
  
      while (c != '\n' && c != EOF)
          c = getchar();
  
      return yesno;
  }
  
  FILE *get_preset_file(char *filename, size_t filename_size,
                        const char *preset_name, int is_path,
                        const char *codec_name)
  {
      FILE *f = NULL;
      int i;
      const char *base[3] = { getenv("FFMPEG_DATADIR"),
                              getenv("HOME"),
                              FFMPEG_DATADIR, };
  
      if (is_path) {
          av_strlcpy(filename, preset_name, filename_size);
          f = fopen(filename, "r");
      } else {
  #ifdef _WIN32
          char datadir[MAX_PATH], *ls;
          base[2] = NULL;
  
          if (GetModuleFileNameA(GetModuleHandleA(NULL), datadir, sizeof(datadir) - 1))
          {
              for (ls = datadir; ls < datadir + strlen(datadir); ls++)
                  if (*ls == '\\') *ls = '/';
  
              if (ls = strrchr(datadir, '/'))
              {
                  *ls = 0;
                  strncat(datadir, "/ffpresets",  sizeof(datadir) - 1 - strlen(datadir));
                  base[2] = datadir;
              }
          }
  #endif
          for (i = 0; i < 3 && !f; i++) {
              if (!base[i])
                  continue;
              snprintf(filename, filename_size, "%s%s/%s.ffpreset", base[i],
                       i != 1 ? "" : "/.ffmpeg", preset_name);
              f = fopen(filename, "r");
              if (!f && codec_name) {
                  snprintf(filename, filename_size,
                           "%s%s/%s-%s.ffpreset",
                           base[i], i != 1 ? "" : "/.ffmpeg", codec_name,
                           preset_name);
                  f = fopen(filename, "r");
              }
          }
      }
  
      return f;
  }
  
  int check_stream_specifier(AVFormatContext *s, AVStream *st, const char *spec)
  {
      int ret = avformat_match_stream_specifier(s, st, spec);
      if (ret < 0)
          av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid stream specifier: %s.\n", spec);
      return ret;
  }
  
  AVDictionary *filter_codec_opts(AVDictionary *opts, enum AVCodecID codec_id,
                                  AVFormatContext *s, AVStream *st, AVCodec *codec)
  {
      AVDictionary    *ret = NULL;
      AVDictionaryEntry *t = NULL;
      int            flags = s->oformat ? AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
                                        : AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM;
      char          prefix = 0;
      const AVClass    *cc = avcodec_get_class();
  
      if (!codec)
          codec            = s->oformat ? avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id)
                                        : avcodec_find_decoder(codec_id);
  
      switch (st->codec->codec_type) {
      case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
          prefix  = 'v';
          flags  |= AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM;
          break;
      case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
          prefix  = 'a';
          flags  |= AV_OPT_FLAG_AUDIO_PARAM;
          break;
      case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
          prefix  = 's';
          flags  |= AV_OPT_FLAG_SUBTITLE_PARAM;
          break;
      }
  
      while (t = av_dict_get(opts, "", t, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX)) {
          char *p = strchr(t->key, ':');
  
          /* check stream specification in opt name */
          if (p)
              switch (check_stream_specifier(s, st, p + 1)) {
              case  1: *p = 0; break;
              case  0:         continue;
              default:         exit_program(1);
              }
  
          if (av_opt_find(&cc, t->key, NULL, flags, AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ) ||
              !codec ||
              (codec->priv_class &&
               av_opt_find(&codec->priv_class, t->key, NULL, flags,
                           AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ)))
              av_dict_set(&ret, t->key, t->value, 0);
          else if (t->key[0] == prefix &&
                   av_opt_find(&cc, t->key + 1, NULL, flags,
                               AV_OPT_SEARCH_FAKE_OBJ))
              av_dict_set(&ret, t->key + 1, t->value, 0);
  
          if (p)
              *p = ':';
      }
      return ret;
  }
  
  AVDictionary **setup_find_stream_info_opts(AVFormatContext *s,
                                             AVDictionary *codec_opts)
  {
      int i;
      AVDictionary **opts;
  
      if (!s->nb_streams)
          return NULL;
      opts = av_mallocz_array(s->nb_streams, sizeof(*opts));
      if (!opts) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                 "Could not alloc memory for stream options.\n");
          return NULL;
      }
      for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++)
          opts[i] = filter_codec_opts(codec_opts, s->streams[i]->codec->codec_id,
                                      s, s->streams[i], NULL);
      return opts;
  }
  
  void *grow_array(void *array, int elem_size, int *size, int new_size)
  {
      if (new_size >= INT_MAX / elem_size) {
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Array too big.\n");
          exit_program(1);
      }
      if (*size < new_size) {
          uint8_t *tmp = av_realloc_array(array, new_size, elem_size);
          if (!tmp) {
              av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not alloc buffer.\n");
              exit_program(1);
          }
          memset(tmp + *size*elem_size, 0, (new_size-*size) * elem_size);
          *size = new_size;
          return tmp;
      }
      return array;
  }
  
  double get_rotation(AVStream *st)
  {
      AVDictionaryEntry *rotate_tag = av_dict_get(st->metadata, "rotate", NULL, 0);
      uint8_t* displaymatrix = av_stream_get_side_data(st,
                                                       AV_PKT_DATA_DISPLAYMATRIX, NULL);
      double theta = 0;
  
      if (rotate_tag && *rotate_tag->value && strcmp(rotate_tag->value, "0")) {
          char *tail;
          theta = av_strtod(rotate_tag->value, &tail);
          if (*tail)
              theta = 0;
      }
      if (displaymatrix && !theta)
          theta = -av_display_rotation_get((int32_t*) displaymatrix);
  
      theta -= 360*floor(theta/360 + 0.9/360);
  
      if (fabs(theta - 90*round(theta/90)) > 2)
          av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Odd rotation angle.\n"
                 "If you want to help, upload a sample "
                 "of this file to ftp://upload.ffmpeg.org/incoming/ "
                 "and contact the ffmpeg-devel mailing list. (ffmpeg-devel@ffmpeg.org)");
  
      return theta;
  }
  
  #if CONFIG_AVDEVICE
  static int print_device_sources(AVInputFormat *fmt, AVDictionary *opts)
  {
      int ret, i;
      AVDeviceInfoList *device_list = NULL;
  
      if (!fmt || !fmt->priv_class  || !AV_IS_INPUT_DEVICE(fmt->priv_class->category))
          return AVERROR(EINVAL);
  
      printf("Audo-detected sources for %s:\n", fmt->name);
      if (!fmt->get_device_list) {
          ret = AVERROR(ENOSYS);
          printf("Cannot list sources. Not implemented.\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      if ((ret = avdevice_list_input_sources(fmt, NULL, opts, &device_list)) < 0) {
          printf("Cannot list sources.\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < device_list->nb_devices; i++) {
          printf("%s %s [%s]\n", device_list->default_device == i ? "*" : " ",
                 device_list->devices[i]->device_name, device_list->devices[i]->device_description);
      }
  
    fail:
      avdevice_free_list_devices(&device_list);
      return ret;
  }
  
  static int print_device_sinks(AVOutputFormat *fmt, AVDictionary *opts)
  {
      int ret, i;
      AVDeviceInfoList *device_list = NULL;
  
      if (!fmt || !fmt->priv_class  || !AV_IS_OUTPUT_DEVICE(fmt->priv_class->category))
          return AVERROR(EINVAL);
  
      printf("Audo-detected sinks for %s:\n", fmt->name);
      if (!fmt->get_device_list) {
          ret = AVERROR(ENOSYS);
          printf("Cannot list sinks. Not implemented.\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      if ((ret = avdevice_list_output_sinks(fmt, NULL, opts, &device_list)) < 0) {
          printf("Cannot list sinks.\n");
          goto fail;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < device_list->nb_devices; i++) {
          printf("%s %s [%s]\n", device_list->default_device == i ? "*" : " ",
                 device_list->devices[i]->device_name, device_list->devices[i]->device_description);
      }
  
    fail:
      avdevice_free_list_devices(&device_list);
      return ret;
  }
  
  static int show_sinks_sources_parse_arg(const char *arg, char **dev, AVDictionary **opts)
  {
      int ret;
      if (arg) {
          char *opts_str = NULL;
          av_assert0(dev && opts);
          *dev = av_strdup(arg);
          if (!*dev)
              return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
          if ((opts_str = strchr(*dev, ','))) {
              *(opts_str++) = '\0';
              if (opts_str[0] && ((ret = av_dict_parse_string(opts, opts_str, "=", ":", 0)) < 0)) {
                  av_freep(dev);
                  return ret;
              }
          }
      } else
          printf("\nDevice name is not provided.\n"
                  "You can pass devicename[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2...]] as an argument.\n\n");
      return 0;
  }
  
  int show_sources(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      AVInputFormat *fmt = NULL;
      char *dev = NULL;
      AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
      int ret = 0;
      int error_level = av_log_get_level();
  
      av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_ERROR);
  
      if ((ret = show_sinks_sources_parse_arg(arg, &dev, &opts)) < 0)
          goto fail;
  
      do {
          fmt = av_input_audio_device_next(fmt);
          if (fmt) {
              if (!strcmp(fmt->name, "lavfi"))
                  continue; //it's pointless to probe lavfi
              if (dev && !av_match_name(dev, fmt->name))
                  continue;
              print_device_sources(fmt, opts);
          }
      } while (fmt);
      do {
          fmt = av_input_video_device_next(fmt);
          if (fmt) {
              if (dev && !av_match_name(dev, fmt->name))
                  continue;
              print_device_sources(fmt, opts);
          }
      } while (fmt);
    fail:
      av_dict_free(&opts);
      av_free(dev);
      av_log_set_level(error_level);
      return ret;
  }
  
  int show_sinks(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
  {
      AVOutputFormat *fmt = NULL;
      char *dev = NULL;
      AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
      int ret = 0;
      int error_level = av_log_get_level();
  
      av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_ERROR);
  
      if ((ret = show_sinks_sources_parse_arg(arg, &dev, &opts)) < 0)
          goto fail;
  
      do {
          fmt = av_output_audio_device_next(fmt);
          if (fmt) {
              if (dev && !av_match_name(dev, fmt->name))
                  continue;
              print_device_sinks(fmt, opts);
          }
      } while (fmt);
      do {
          fmt = av_output_video_device_next(fmt);
          if (fmt) {
              if (dev && !av_match_name(dev, fmt->name))
                  continue;
              print_device_sinks(fmt, opts);
          }
      } while (fmt);
    fail:
      av_dict_free(&opts);
      av_free(dev);
      av_log_set_level(error_level);
      return ret;
  }
  
  #endif
  