text: /*
   * vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
   *
   * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
   * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors (see also: LICENSE)
   *
   * commands.c: all command functions (see commands_parser.c)
   *
   */
  #include "all.h"
  #include "shmlog.h"
  
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <stdint.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  
  // Macros to make the YAJL API a bit easier to use.
  #define y(x, ...) (cmd_output->json_gen != NULL ? yajl_gen_##x(cmd_output->json_gen, ##__VA_ARGS__) : 0)
  #define ystr(str) (cmd_output->json_gen != NULL ? yajl_gen_string(cmd_output->json_gen, (unsigned char *)str, strlen(str)) : 0)
  #define ysuccess(success)                   \
      do {                                    \
          if (cmd_output->json_gen != NULL) { \
              y(map_open);                    \
              ystr("success");                \
              y(bool, success);               \
              y(map_close);                   \
          }                                   \
      } while (0)
  #define yerror(format, ...)                             \
      do {                                                \
          if (cmd_output->json_gen != NULL) {             \
              char *message;                              \
              sasprintf(&message, format, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
              y(map_open);                                \
              ystr("success");                            \
              y(bool, false);                             \
              ystr("error");                              \
              ystr(message);                              \
              y(map_close);                               \
              free(message);                              \
          }                                               \
      } while (0)
  
  /** If an error occurred during parsing of the criteria, we want to exit instead
   * of relying on fallback behavior. See #2091. */
  #define HANDLE_INVALID_MATCH                                   \
      do {                                                       \
          if (current_match->error != NULL) {                    \
              yerror("Invalid match: %s", current_match->error); \
              return;                                            \
          }                                                      \
      } while (0)
  
  /** When the command did not include match criteria (!), we use the currently
   * focused container. Do not confuse this case with a command which included
   * criteria but which did not match any windows. This macro has to be called in
   * every command.
   */
  #define HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH                              \
      do {                                                \
          HANDLE_INVALID_MATCH;                           \
                                                          \
          if (match_is_empty(current_match)) {            \
              while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&owindows)) {           \
                  owindow *ow = TAILQ_FIRST(&owindows);   \
                  TAILQ_REMOVE(&owindows, ow, owindows);  \
                  free(ow);                               \
              }                                           \
              owindow *ow = smalloc(sizeof(owindow));     \
              ow->con = focused;                          \
              TAILQ_INIT(&owindows);                      \
              TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&owindows, ow, owindows); \
          }                                               \
      } while (0)
  
  /*
   * Checks whether we switched to a new workspace and returns false in that case,
   * signaling that further workspace switching should be done by the calling function
   * If not, calls workspace_back_and_forth() if workspace_auto_back_and_forth is set
   * and return true, signaling that no further workspace switching should occur in the calling function.
   *
   */
  static bool maybe_back_and_forth(struct CommandResultIR *cmd_output, const char *name) {
      Con *ws = con_get_workspace(focused);
  
      /* If we switched to a different workspace, do nothing */
      if (strcmp(ws->name, name) != 0)
          return false;
  
      DLOG("This workspace is already focused.\n");
      if (config.workspace_auto_back_and_forth) {
          workspace_back_and_forth();
          cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  /*
   * Return the passed workspace unless it is the current one and auto back and
   * forth is enabled, in which case the back_and_forth workspace is returned.
   */
  static Con *maybe_auto_back_and_forth_workspace(Con *workspace) {
      Con *current, *baf;
  
      if (!config.workspace_auto_back_and_forth)
          return workspace;
  
      current = con_get_workspace(focused);
  
      if (current == workspace) {
          baf = workspace_back_and_forth_get();
          if (baf != NULL) {
              DLOG("Substituting workspace with back_and_forth, as it is focused.\n");
              return baf;
          }
      }
  
      return workspace;
  }
  
  /*******************************************************************************
   * Criteria functions.
   ******************************************************************************/
  
  /*
   * Helper data structure for an operation window (window on which the operation
   * will be performed). Used to build the TAILQ owindows.
   *
   */
  typedef struct owindow {
      Con *con;
      TAILQ_ENTRY(owindow) owindows;
  } owindow;
  
  typedef TAILQ_HEAD(owindows_head, owindow) owindows_head;
  
  static owindows_head owindows;
  
  /*
   * Initializes the specified 'Match' data structure and the initial state of
   * commands.c for matching target windows of a command.
   *
   */
  void cmd_criteria_init(I3_CMD) {
      Con *con;
      owindow *ow;
  
      DLOG("Initializing criteria, current_match = %p\n", current_match);
      match_free(current_match);
      match_init(current_match);
      while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&owindows)) {
          ow = TAILQ_FIRST(&owindows);
          TAILQ_REMOVE(&owindows, ow, owindows);
          free(ow);
      }
      TAILQ_INIT(&owindows);
      /* copy all_cons */
      TAILQ_FOREACH (con, &all_cons, all_cons) {
          ow = smalloc(sizeof(owindow));
          ow->con = con;
          TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&owindows, ow, owindows);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * A match specification just finished (the closing square bracket was found),
   * so we filter the list of owindows.
   *
   */
  void cmd_criteria_match_windows(I3_CMD) {
      owindow *next, *current;
  
      DLOG("match specification finished, matching...\n");
      /* copy the old list head to iterate through it and start with a fresh
       * list which will contain only matching windows */
      struct owindows_head old = owindows;
      TAILQ_INIT(&owindows);
      for (next = TAILQ_FIRST(&old); next != TAILQ_END(&old);) {
          /* make a copy of the next pointer and advance the pointer to the
           * next element as we are going to invalidate the element’s
           * next/prev pointers by calling TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL later */
          current = next;
          next = TAILQ_NEXT(next, owindows);
  
          DLOG("checking if con %p / %s matches\n", current->con, current->con->name);
  
          /* We use this flag to prevent matching on window-less containers if
           * only window-specific criteria were specified. */
          bool accept_match = false;
  
          if (current_match->con_id != NULL) {
              accept_match = true;
  
              if (current_match->con_id == current->con) {
                  DLOG("con_id matched.\n");
              } else {
                  DLOG("con_id does not match.\n");
                  FREE(current);
                  continue;
              }
          }
  
          if (current_match->mark != NULL && !TAILQ_EMPTY(&(current->con->marks_head))) {
              accept_match = true;
              bool matched_by_mark = false;
  
              mark_t *mark;
              TAILQ_FOREACH (mark, &(current->con->marks_head), marks) {
                  if (!regex_matches(current_match->mark, mark->name))
                      continue;
  
                  DLOG("match by mark\n");
                  matched_by_mark = true;
                  break;
              }
  
              if (!matched_by_mark) {
                  DLOG("mark does not match.\n");
                  FREE(current);
                  continue;
              }
          }
  
          if (current->con->window != NULL) {
              if (match_matches_window(current_match, current->con->window)) {
                  DLOG("matches window!\n");
                  accept_match = true;
              } else {
                  DLOG("doesn't match\n");
                  FREE(current);
                  continue;
              }
          }
  
          if (accept_match) {
              TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&owindows, current, owindows);
          } else {
              FREE(current);
              continue;
          }
      }
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Interprets a ctype=cvalue pair and adds it to the current match
   * specification.
   *
   */
  void cmd_criteria_add(I3_CMD, const char *ctype, const char *cvalue) {
      match_parse_property(current_match, ctype, cvalue);
  }
  
  static void move_matches_to_workspace(Con *ws) {
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          con_move_to_workspace(current->con, ws, true, false, false);
      }
  }
  
  #define CHECK_MOVE_CON_TO_WORKSPACE                                                          \
      do {                                                                                     \
          HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;                                                                  \
          if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&owindows)) {                                                        \
              yerror("Nothing to move: specified criteria don't match any window");            \
              return;                                                                          \
          } else {                                                                             \
              bool found = false;                                                              \
              owindow *current = TAILQ_FIRST(&owindows);                                       \
              while (current) {                                                                \
                  owindow *next = TAILQ_NEXT(current, owindows);                               \
                                                                                               \
                  if (current->con->type == CT_WORKSPACE && !con_has_children(current->con)) { \
                      TAILQ_REMOVE(&owindows, current, owindows);                              \
                  } else {                                                                     \
                      found = true;                                                            \
                  }                                                                            \
                                                                                               \
                  current = next;                                                              \
              }                                                                                \
              if (!found) {                                                                    \
                  yerror("Nothing to move: workspace empty");                                  \
                  return;                                                                      \
              }                                                                                \
          }                                                                                    \
      } while (0)
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [window|container] [to] workspace
   * next|prev|next_on_output|prev_on_output|current'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_con_to_workspace(I3_CMD, const char *which) {
      DLOG("which=%s\n", which);
  
      CHECK_MOVE_CON_TO_WORKSPACE;
  
      /* get the workspace */
      Con *ws;
      if (strcmp(which, "next") == 0)
          ws = workspace_next();
      else if (strcmp(which, "prev") == 0)
          ws = workspace_prev();
      else if (strcmp(which, "next_on_output") == 0)
          ws = workspace_next_on_output();
      else if (strcmp(which, "prev_on_output") == 0)
          ws = workspace_prev_on_output();
      else if (strcmp(which, "current") == 0)
          ws = con_get_workspace(focused);
      else {
          yerror("BUG: called with which=%s", which);
          return;
      }
  
      move_matches_to_workspace(ws);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [window|container] [to] workspace back_and_forth'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_con_to_workspace_back_and_forth(I3_CMD) {
      Con *ws = workspace_back_and_forth_get();
      if (ws == NULL) {
          yerror("No workspace was previously active.");
          return;
      }
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      move_matches_to_workspace(ws);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [--no-auto-back-and-forth] [window|container] [to] workspace <name>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_con_to_workspace_name(I3_CMD, const char *name, const char *no_auto_back_and_forth) {
      if (strncasecmp(name, "__", strlen("__")) == 0) {
          yerror("You cannot move containers to i3-internal workspaces (\"%s\").", name);
          return;
      }
  
      CHECK_MOVE_CON_TO_WORKSPACE;
  
      LOG("should move window to workspace %s\n", name);
      /* get the workspace */
      Con *ws = workspace_get(name);
  
      if (no_auto_back_and_forth == NULL) {
          ws = maybe_auto_back_and_forth_workspace(ws);
      }
  
      move_matches_to_workspace(ws);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [--no-auto-back-and-forth] [window|container] [to] workspace number <name>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_con_to_workspace_number(I3_CMD, const char *which, const char *no_auto_back_and_forth) {
      CHECK_MOVE_CON_TO_WORKSPACE;
  
      LOG("should move window to workspace %s\n", which);
  
      long parsed_num = ws_name_to_number(which);
      if (parsed_num == -1) {
          LOG("Could not parse initial part of \"%s\" as a number.\n", which);
          yerror("Could not parse number \"%s\"", which);
          return;
      }
  
      Con *ws = get_existing_workspace_by_num(parsed_num);
      if (!ws) {
          ws = workspace_get(which);
      }
  
      if (no_auto_back_and_forth == NULL) {
          ws = maybe_auto_back_and_forth_workspace(ws);
      }
  
      move_matches_to_workspace(ws);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Convert a string direction ("left", "right", etc.) to a direction_t. Assumes
   * valid direction string.
   */
  static direction_t parse_direction(const char *str) {
      if (strcmp(str, "left") == 0) {
          return D_LEFT;
      } else if (strcmp(str, "right") == 0) {
          return D_RIGHT;
      } else if (strcmp(str, "up") == 0) {
          return D_UP;
      } else if (strcmp(str, "down") == 0) {
          return D_DOWN;
      } else {
          ELOG("Invalid direction. This is a parser bug.\n");
          assert(false);
      }
  }
  
  static void cmd_resize_floating(I3_CMD, const char *direction_str, Con *floating_con, int px) {
      Rect old_rect = floating_con->rect;
      Con *focused_con = con_descend_focused(floating_con);
  
      direction_t direction;
      if (strcmp(direction_str, "height") == 0) {
          direction = D_DOWN;
      } else if (strcmp(direction_str, "width") == 0) {
          direction = D_RIGHT;
      } else {
          direction = parse_direction(direction_str);
      }
      orientation_t orientation = orientation_from_direction(direction);
  
      /* ensure that resize will take place even if pixel increment is smaller than
       * height increment or width increment.
       * fixes #1011 */
      const i3Window *window = focused_con->window;
      if (window != NULL) {
          if (orientation == VERT) {
              if (px < 0) {
                  px = (-px < window->height_increment) ? -window->height_increment : px;
              } else {
                  px = (px < window->height_increment) ? window->height_increment : px;
              }
          } else {
              if (px < 0) {
                  px = (-px < window->width_increment) ? -window->width_increment : px;
              } else {
                  px = (px < window->width_increment) ? window->width_increment : px;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (orientation == VERT) {
          floating_con->rect.height += px;
      } else {
          floating_con->rect.width += px;
      }
      floating_check_size(floating_con, orientation == VERT);
  
      /* Did we actually resize anything or did the size constraints prevent us?
       * If we could not resize, exit now to not move the window. */
      if (rect_equals(old_rect, floating_con->rect)) {
          return;
      }
  
      if (direction == D_UP) {
          floating_con->rect.y -= (floating_con->rect.height - old_rect.height);
      } else if (direction == D_LEFT) {
          floating_con->rect.x -= (floating_con->rect.width - old_rect.width);
      }
  
      /* If this is a scratchpad window, don't auto center it from now on. */
      if (floating_con->scratchpad_state == SCRATCHPAD_FRESH) {
          floating_con->scratchpad_state = SCRATCHPAD_CHANGED;
      }
  }
  
  static bool cmd_resize_tiling_direction(I3_CMD, Con *current, const char *direction, int px, int ppt) {
      Con *second = NULL;
      Con *first = current;
      direction_t search_direction = parse_direction(direction);
  
      bool res = resize_find_tiling_participants(&first, &second, search_direction, false);
      if (!res) {
          yerror("No second container found in this direction.");
          return false;
      }
  
      if (ppt) {
          /* For backwards compatibility, 'X px or Y ppt' means that ppt is
           * preferred. */
          px = 0;
      }
      return resize_neighboring_cons(first, second, px, ppt);
  }
  
  static bool cmd_resize_tiling_width_height(I3_CMD, Con *current, const char *direction, int px, double ppt) {
      LOG("width/height resize\n");
  
      /* get the appropriate current container (skip stacked/tabbed cons) */
      Con *dummy = NULL;
      direction_t search_direction = (strcmp(direction, "width") == 0 ? D_LEFT : D_DOWN);
      bool search_result = resize_find_tiling_participants(&current, &dummy, search_direction, true);
      if (search_result == false) {
          yerror("Failed to find appropriate tiling containers for resize operation");
          return false;
      }
  
      /* get the default percentage */
      int children = con_num_children(current->parent);
      LOG("ins. %d children\n", children);
      double percentage = 1.0 / children;
      LOG("default percentage = %f\n", percentage);
  
      /* Ensure all the other children have a percentage set. */
      Con *child;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (child, &(current->parent->nodes_head), nodes) {
          LOG("child->percent = %f (child %p)\n", child->percent, child);
          if (child->percent == 0.0)
              child->percent = percentage;
      }
  
      double new_current_percent;
      double subtract_percent;
      if (ppt != 0.0) {
          new_current_percent = current->percent + ppt;
      } else {
          /* Convert px change to change in percentages */
          ppt = (double)px / (double)con_rect_size_in_orientation(current->parent);
          new_current_percent = current->percent + ppt;
      }
      subtract_percent = ppt / (children - 1);
      if (ppt < 0.0 && new_current_percent < percent_for_1px(current)) {
          yerror("Not resizing, container would end with less than 1px");
          return false;
      }
  
      LOG("new_current_percent = %f\n", new_current_percent);
      LOG("subtract_percent = %f\n", subtract_percent);
      /* Ensure that the new percentages are positive. */
      if (subtract_percent >= 0.0) {
          TAILQ_FOREACH (child, &(current->parent->nodes_head), nodes) {
              if (child == current) {
                  continue;
              }
              if (child->percent - subtract_percent < percent_for_1px(child)) {
                  yerror("Not resizing, already at minimum size (child %p would end up with a size of %.f", child, child->percent - subtract_percent);
                  return false;
              }
          }
      }
  
      current->percent = new_current_percent;
      LOG("current->percent after = %f\n", current->percent);
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (child, &(current->parent->nodes_head), nodes) {
          if (child == current)
              continue;
          child->percent -= subtract_percent;
          LOG("child->percent after (%p) = %f\n", child, child->percent);
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'resize grow|shrink <direction> [<px> px] [or <ppt> ppt]'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_resize(I3_CMD, const char *way, const char *direction, long resize_px, long resize_ppt) {
      DLOG("resizing in way %s, direction %s, px %ld or ppt %ld\n", way, direction, resize_px, resize_ppt);
      if (strcmp(way, "shrink") == 0) {
          resize_px *= -1;
          resize_ppt *= -1;
      }
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          /* Don't handle dock windows (issue #1201) */
          if (current->con->window && current->con->window->dock) {
              DLOG("This is a dock window. Not resizing (con = %p)\n)", current->con);
              continue;
          }
  
          Con *floating_con;
          if ((floating_con = con_inside_floating(current->con))) {
              cmd_resize_floating(current_match, cmd_output, direction, floating_con, resize_px);
          } else {
              if (strcmp(direction, "width") == 0 ||
                  strcmp(direction, "height") == 0) {
                  const double ppt = (double)resize_ppt / 100.0;
                  if (!cmd_resize_tiling_width_height(current_match, cmd_output,
                                                      current->con, direction,
                                                      resize_px, ppt)) {
                      yerror("Cannot resize.");
                      return;
                  }
              } else {
                  if (!cmd_resize_tiling_direction(current_match, cmd_output,
                                                   current->con, direction,
                                                   resize_px, resize_ppt)) {
                      yerror("Cannot resize.");
                      return;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  static bool resize_set_tiling(I3_CMD, Con *target, orientation_t resize_orientation, bool is_ppt, long target_size) {
      direction_t search_direction;
      char *mode;
      if (resize_orientation == HORIZ) {
          search_direction = D_LEFT;
          mode = "width";
      } else {
          search_direction = D_DOWN;
          mode = "height";
      }
  
      /* Get the appropriate current container (skip stacked/tabbed cons) */
      Con *dummy;
      resize_find_tiling_participants(&target, &dummy, search_direction, true);
  
      /* Calculate new size for the target container */
      double ppt = 0.0;
      int px = 0;
      if (is_ppt) {
          ppt = (double)target_size / 100.0 - target->percent;
      } else {
          px = target_size - (resize_orientation == HORIZ ? target->rect.width : target->rect.height);
      }
  
      /* Perform resizing and report failure if not possible */
      return cmd_resize_tiling_width_height(current_match, cmd_output,
                                            target, mode, px, ppt);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'resize set <width> [px | ppt] <height> [px | ppt]'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_resize_set(I3_CMD, long cwidth, const char *mode_width, long cheight, const char *mode_height) {
      DLOG("resizing to %ld %s x %ld %s\n", cwidth, mode_width, cheight, mode_height);
      if (cwidth < 0 || cheight < 0) {
          yerror("Dimensions cannot be negative.");
          return;
      }
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      bool success = true;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *floating_con;
          if ((floating_con = con_inside_floating(current->con))) {
              Con *output = con_get_output(floating_con);
              if (cwidth == 0) {
                  cwidth = floating_con->rect.width;
              } else if (mode_width && strcmp(mode_width, "ppt") == 0) {
                  cwidth = output->rect.width * ((double)cwidth / 100.0);
              }
              if (cheight == 0) {
                  cheight = floating_con->rect.height;
              } else if (mode_height && strcmp(mode_height, "ppt") == 0) {
                  cheight = output->rect.height * ((double)cheight / 100.0);
              }
              floating_resize(floating_con, cwidth, cheight);
          } else {
              if (current->con->window && current->con->window->dock) {
                  DLOG("This is a dock window. Not resizing (con = %p)\n)", current->con);
                  continue;
              }
  
              if (cwidth > 0) {
                  bool is_ppt = mode_width && strcmp(mode_width, "ppt") == 0;
                  success &= resize_set_tiling(current_match, cmd_output, current->con,
                                               HORIZ, is_ppt, cwidth);
              }
              if (cheight > 0) {
                  bool is_ppt = mode_height && strcmp(mode_height, "ppt") == 0;
                  success &= resize_set_tiling(current_match, cmd_output, current->con,
                                               VERT, is_ppt, cheight);
              }
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(success);
  }
  
  static int border_width_from_style(border_style_t border_style, long border_width, Con *con) {
      if (border_style == BS_NONE) {
          return 0;
      }
      if (border_width >= 0) {
          return logical_px(border_width);
      }
  
      const bool is_floating = con_inside_floating(con) != NULL;
      /* Load the configured defaults. */
      if (is_floating && border_style == config.default_floating_border) {
          return config.default_floating_border_width;
      } else if (!is_floating && border_style == config.default_border) {
          return config.default_border_width;
      } else {
          /* Use some hardcoded values. */
          return logical_px(border_style == BS_NORMAL ? 2 : 1);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'border normal|pixel [<n>]', 'border none|1pixel|toggle'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_border(I3_CMD, const char *border_style_str, long border_width) {
      DLOG("border style should be changed to %s with border width %ld\n", border_style_str, border_width);
      owindow *current;
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
  
          border_style_t border_style;
          if (strcmp(border_style_str, "toggle") == 0) {
              border_style = (current->con->border_style + 1) % 3;
          } else if (strcmp(border_style_str, "normal") == 0) {
              border_style = BS_NORMAL;
          } else if (strcmp(border_style_str, "pixel") == 0) {
              border_style = BS_PIXEL;
          } else if (strcmp(border_style_str, "none") == 0) {
              border_style = BS_NONE;
          } else {
              yerror("BUG: called with border_style=%s", border_style_str);
              return;
          }
  
          const int con_border_width = border_width_from_style(border_style, border_width, current->con);
          con_set_border_style(current->con, border_style, con_border_width);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'nop <comment>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_nop(I3_CMD, const char *comment) {
      LOG("-------------------------------------------------\n");
      LOG("  NOP: %.4000s\n", comment);
      LOG("-------------------------------------------------\n");
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'append_layout <path>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_append_layout(I3_CMD, const char *cpath) {
      LOG("Appending layout \"%s\"\n", cpath);
  
      /* Make sure we allow paths like '~/.i3/layout.json' */
      char *path = resolve_tilde(cpath);
  
      char *buf = NULL;
      ssize_t len;
      if ((len = slurp(path, &buf)) < 0) {
          yerror("Could not slurp \"%s\".", path);
          /* slurp already logged an error. */
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (!json_validate(buf, len)) {
          ELOG("Could not parse \"%s\" as JSON, not loading.\n", path);
          yerror("Could not parse \"%s\" as JSON.", path);
          goto out;
      }
  
      json_content_t content = json_determine_content(buf, len);
      LOG("JSON content = %d\n", content);
      if (content == JSON_CONTENT_UNKNOWN) {
          ELOG("Could not determine the contents of \"%s\", not loading.\n", path);
          yerror("Could not determine the contents of \"%s\".", path);
          goto out;
      }
  
      Con *parent = focused;
      if (content == JSON_CONTENT_WORKSPACE) {
          parent = output_get_content(con_get_output(parent));
      } else {
          /* We need to append the layout to a split container, since a leaf
           * container must not have any children (by definition).
           * Note that we explicitly check for workspaces, since they are okay for
           * this purpose, but con_accepts_window() returns false for workspaces. */
          while (parent->type != CT_WORKSPACE && !con_accepts_window(parent))
              parent = parent->parent;
      }
      DLOG("Appending to parent=%p instead of focused=%p\n", parent, focused);
      char *errormsg = NULL;
      tree_append_json(parent, buf, len, &errormsg);
      if (errormsg != NULL) {
          yerror(errormsg);
          free(errormsg);
          /* Note that we continue executing since tree_append_json() has
           * side-effects — user-provided layouts can be partly valid, partly
           * invalid, leading to half of the placeholder containers being
           * created. */
      } else {
          ysuccess(true);
      }
  
      // XXX: This is a bit of a kludge. Theoretically, render_con(parent,
      // false); should be enough, but when sending 'workspace 4; append_layout
      // /tmp/foo.json', the needs_tree_render == true of the workspace command
      // is not executed yet and will be batched with append_layout’s
      // needs_tree_render after the parser finished. We should check if that is
      // necessary at all.
      render_con(croot);
  
      restore_open_placeholder_windows(parent);
  
      if (content == JSON_CONTENT_WORKSPACE)
          ipc_send_workspace_event("restored", parent, NULL);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
  out:
      free(path);
      free(buf);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'workspace next|prev|next_on_output|prev_on_output'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_workspace(I3_CMD, const char *which) {
      Con *ws;
  
      DLOG("which=%s\n", which);
  
      if (con_get_fullscreen_con(croot, CF_GLOBAL)) {
          yerror("Cannot switch workspace while in global fullscreen");
          return;
      }
  
      if (strcmp(which, "next") == 0)
          ws = workspace_next();
      else if (strcmp(which, "prev") == 0)
          ws = workspace_prev();
      else if (strcmp(which, "next_on_output") == 0)
          ws = workspace_next_on_output();
      else if (strcmp(which, "prev_on_output") == 0)
          ws = workspace_prev_on_output();
      else {
          yerror("BUG: called with which=%s", which);
          return;
      }
  
      workspace_show(ws);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'workspace [--no-auto-back-and-forth] number <name>'
   *
   */
  void cmd_workspace_number(I3_CMD, const char *which, const char *_no_auto_back_and_forth) {
      const bool no_auto_back_and_forth = (_no_auto_back_and_forth != NULL);
  
      if (con_get_fullscreen_con(croot, CF_GLOBAL)) {
          yerror("Cannot switch workspace while in global fullscreen");
          return;
      }
  
      long parsed_num = ws_name_to_number(which);
      if (parsed_num == -1) {
          yerror("Could not parse initial part of \"%s\" as a number.", which);
          return;
      }
  
      Con *workspace = get_existing_workspace_by_num(parsed_num);
      if (!workspace) {
          LOG("There is no workspace with number %ld, creating a new one.\n", parsed_num);
          ysuccess(true);
          workspace_show_by_name(which);
          cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
          return;
      }
      if (!no_auto_back_and_forth && maybe_back_and_forth(cmd_output, workspace->name)) {
          ysuccess(true);
          return;
      }
      workspace_show(workspace);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'workspace back_and_forth'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_workspace_back_and_forth(I3_CMD) {
      if (con_get_fullscreen_con(croot, CF_GLOBAL)) {
          yerror("Cannot switch workspace while in global fullscreen");
          return;
      }
  
      workspace_back_and_forth();
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'workspace [--no-auto-back-and-forth] <name>'
   *
   */
  void cmd_workspace_name(I3_CMD, const char *name, const char *_no_auto_back_and_forth) {
      const bool no_auto_back_and_forth = (_no_auto_back_and_forth != NULL);
  
      if (strncasecmp(name, "__", strlen("__")) == 0) {
          yerror("You cannot switch to the i3-internal workspaces (\"%s\").", name);
          return;
      }
  
      if (con_get_fullscreen_con(croot, CF_GLOBAL)) {
          yerror("Cannot switch workspace while in global fullscreen");
          return;
      }
  
      DLOG("should switch to workspace %s\n", name);
      if (!no_auto_back_and_forth && maybe_back_and_forth(cmd_output, name)) {
          ysuccess(true);
          return;
      }
      workspace_show_by_name(name);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'mark [--add|--replace] [--toggle] <mark>'
   *
   */
  void cmd_mark(I3_CMD, const char *mark, const char *mode, const char *toggle) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current = TAILQ_FIRST(&owindows);
      if (current == NULL) {
          yerror("Given criteria don't match a window");
          return;
      }
  
      /* Marks must be unique, i.e., no two windows must have the same mark. */
      if (current != TAILQ_LAST(&owindows, owindows_head)) {
          yerror("A mark must not be put onto more than one window");
          return;
      }
  
      DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
  
      mark_mode_t mark_mode = (mode == NULL || strcmp(mode, "--replace") == 0) ? MM_REPLACE : MM_ADD;
      if (toggle != NULL) {
          con_mark_toggle(current->con, mark, mark_mode);
      } else {
          con_mark(current->con, mark, mark_mode);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'unmark [mark]'
   *
   */
  void cmd_unmark(I3_CMD, const char *mark) {
      if (match_is_empty(current_match)) {
          con_unmark(NULL, mark);
      } else {
          owindow *current;
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
              con_unmark(current->con, mark);
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'mode <string>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_mode(I3_CMD, const char *mode) {
      DLOG("mode=%s\n", mode);
      switch_mode(mode);
  
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [window|container] [to] output <str>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_con_to_output(I3_CMD, const char *name) {
      DLOG("Should move window to output \"%s\".\n", name);
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      bool had_error = false;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
  
          had_error |= !con_move_to_output_name(current->con, name, true);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(!had_error);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [container|window] [to] mark <str>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_con_to_mark(I3_CMD, const char *mark) {
      DLOG("moving window to mark \"%s\"\n", mark);
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      bool result = true;
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("moving matched window %p / %s to mark \"%s\"\n", current->con, current->con->name, mark);
          result &= con_move_to_mark(current->con, mark);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(result);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'floating enable|disable|toggle'
   *
   */
  void cmd_floating(I3_CMD, const char *floating_mode) {
      owindow *current;
  
      DLOG("floating_mode=%s\n", floating_mode);
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          if (strcmp(floating_mode, "toggle") == 0) {
              DLOG("should toggle mode\n");
              toggle_floating_mode(current->con, false);
          } else {
              DLOG("should switch mode to %s\n", floating_mode);
              if (strcmp(floating_mode, "enable") == 0) {
                  floating_enable(current->con, false);
              } else {
                  floating_disable(current->con);
              }
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move workspace to [output] <str>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_workspace_to_output(I3_CMD, const char *name) {
      DLOG("should move workspace to output %s\n", name);
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *ws = con_get_workspace(current->con);
          if (con_is_internal(ws)) {
              continue;
          }
  
          Output *current_output = get_output_for_con(ws);
          Output *target_output = get_output_from_string(current_output, name);
          if (!target_output) {
              yerror("Could not get output from string \"%s\"", name);
              return;
          }
  
          workspace_move_to_output(ws, target_output);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'split v|h|t|vertical|horizontal|toggle'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_split(I3_CMD, const char *direction) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      LOG("splitting in direction %c\n", direction[0]);
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          if (con_is_docked(current->con)) {
              ELOG("Cannot split a docked container, skipping.\n");
              continue;
          }
  
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          if (direction[0] == 't') {
              layout_t current_layout;
              if (current->con->type == CT_WORKSPACE) {
                  current_layout = current->con->layout;
              } else {
                  current_layout = current->con->parent->layout;
              }
              /* toggling split orientation */
              if (current_layout == L_SPLITH) {
                  tree_split(current->con, VERT);
              } else {
                  tree_split(current->con, HORIZ);
              }
          } else {
              tree_split(current->con, (direction[0] == 'v' ? VERT : HORIZ));
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'kill [window|client]'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_kill(I3_CMD, const char *kill_mode_str) {
      if (kill_mode_str == NULL)
          kill_mode_str = "window";
  
      DLOG("kill_mode=%s\n", kill_mode_str);
  
      int kill_mode;
      if (strcmp(kill_mode_str, "window") == 0)
          kill_mode = KILL_WINDOW;
      else if (strcmp(kill_mode_str, "client") == 0)
          kill_mode = KILL_CLIENT;
      else {
          yerror("BUG: called with kill_mode=%s", kill_mode_str);
          return;
      }
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          con_close(current->con, kill_mode);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'exec [--no-startup-id] <command>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_exec(I3_CMD, const char *nosn, const char *command) {
      bool no_startup_id = (nosn != NULL);
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      int count = 0;
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          count++;
      }
  
      if (count > 1) {
          LOG("WARNING: Your criteria for the exec command match %d containers, "
              "so the command will execute this many times.\n",
              count);
      }
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("should execute %s, no_startup_id = %d\n", command, no_startup_id);
          start_application(command, no_startup_id);
      }
  
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  #define CMD_FOCUS_WARN_CHILDREN                                                        \
      do {                                                                               \
          int count = 0;                                                                 \
          owindow *current;                                                              \
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {                                 \
              count++;                                                                   \
          }                                                                              \
                                                                                         \
          if (count > 1) {                                                               \
              LOG("WARNING: Your criteria for the focus command matches %d containers, " \
                  "while only exactly one container can be focused at a time.\n",        \
                  count);                                                                \
          }                                                                              \
      } while (0)
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'focus left|right|up|down|next|prev'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_focus_direction(I3_CMD, const char *direction_str) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
      CMD_FOCUS_WARN_CHILDREN;
  
      direction_t direction;
      position_t position;
      bool auto_direction = true;
      if (strcmp(direction_str, "prev") == 0) {
          position = BEFORE;
      } else if (strcmp(direction_str, "next") == 0) {
          position = AFTER;
      } else {
          auto_direction = false;
          direction = parse_direction(direction_str);
      }
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *ws = con_get_workspace(current->con);
          if (!ws || con_is_internal(ws)) {
              continue;
          }
          if (auto_direction) {
              orientation_t o = con_orientation(current->con->parent);
              direction = direction_from_orientation_position(o, position);
          }
          tree_next(current->con, direction);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'focus next|prev sibling'
   *
   */
  void cmd_focus_sibling(I3_CMD, const char *direction_str) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
      CMD_FOCUS_WARN_CHILDREN;
  
      const position_t direction = (STARTS_WITH(direction_str, "prev")) ? BEFORE : AFTER;
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *ws = con_get_workspace(current->con);
          if (!ws || con_is_internal(ws)) {
              continue;
          }
          Con *next = get_tree_next_sibling(current->con, direction);
          if (next) {
              if (next->type == CT_WORKSPACE) {
                  /* On the workspace level, we need to make sure that the
                   * workspace change happens properly. However, workspace_show
                   * descends focus so we also have to put focus on the workspace
                   * itself to maintain consistency. See #3997. */
                  workspace_show(next);
                  con_focus(next);
              } else {
                  con_activate(next);
              }
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'focus tiling|floating|mode_toggle'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_focus_window_mode(I3_CMD, const char *window_mode) {
      DLOG("window_mode = %s\n", window_mode);
  
      bool to_floating = false;
      if (strcmp(window_mode, "mode_toggle") == 0) {
          to_floating = !con_inside_floating(focused);
      } else if (strcmp(window_mode, "floating") == 0) {
          to_floating = true;
      } else if (strcmp(window_mode, "tiling") == 0) {
          to_floating = false;
      }
  
      Con *ws = con_get_workspace(focused);
      Con *current;
      bool success = false;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(ws->focus_head), focused) {
          if ((to_floating && current->type != CT_FLOATING_CON) ||
              (!to_floating && current->type == CT_FLOATING_CON))
              continue;
  
          con_activate_unblock(con_descend_focused(current));
          success = true;
          break;
      }
  
      if (success) {
          cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
          ysuccess(true);
      } else {
          yerror("Failed to find a %s container in workspace.", to_floating ? "floating" : "tiling");
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'focus parent|child'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_focus_level(I3_CMD, const char *level) {
      DLOG("level = %s\n", level);
      bool success = false;
  
      /* Focusing the parent can only be allowed if the newly
       * focused container won't escape the fullscreen container. */
      if (strcmp(level, "parent") == 0) {
          if (focused && focused->parent) {
              if (con_fullscreen_permits_focusing(focused->parent))
                  success = level_up();
              else
                  ELOG("'focus parent': Currently in fullscreen, not going up\n");
          }
      }
  
      /* Focusing a child should always be allowed. */
      else
          success = level_down();
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = success;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(success);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'focus'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_focus(I3_CMD) {
      DLOG("current_match = %p\n", current_match);
  
      if (match_is_empty(current_match)) {
          ELOG("You have to specify which window/container should be focused.\n");
          ELOG("Example: [class=\"urxvt\" title=\"irssi\"] focus\n");
  
          yerror("You have to specify which window/container should be focused");
          return;
      } else if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&owindows)) {
          yerror("No window matches given criteria");
          return;
      }
  
      CMD_FOCUS_WARN_CHILDREN;
  
      Con *__i3_scratch = workspace_get("__i3_scratch");
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *ws = con_get_workspace(current->con);
          /* If no workspace could be found, this was a dock window.
           * Just skip it, you cannot focus dock windows. */
          if (!ws)
              continue;
  
          /* In case this is a scratchpad window, call scratchpad_show(). */
          if (ws == __i3_scratch) {
              scratchpad_show(current->con);
              /* While for the normal focus case we can change focus multiple
               * times and only a single window ends up focused, we could show
               * multiple scratchpad windows. So, rather break here. */
              break;
          }
  
          LOG("focusing %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          con_activate_unblock(current->con);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'fullscreen enable|toggle [global]' and
   *                   'fullscreen disable'
   *
   */
  void cmd_fullscreen(I3_CMD, const char *action, const char *fullscreen_mode) {
      fullscreen_mode_t mode = strcmp(fullscreen_mode, "global") == 0 ? CF_GLOBAL : CF_OUTPUT;
      DLOG("%s fullscreen, mode = %s\n", action, fullscreen_mode);
      owindow *current;
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          if (strcmp(action, "toggle") == 0) {
              con_toggle_fullscreen(current->con, mode);
          } else if (strcmp(action, "enable") == 0) {
              con_enable_fullscreen(current->con, mode);
          } else if (strcmp(action, "disable") == 0) {
              con_disable_fullscreen(current->con);
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'sticky enable|disable|toggle'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_sticky(I3_CMD, const char *action) {
      DLOG("%s sticky on window\n", action);
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          if (current->con->window == NULL) {
              ELOG("only containers holding a window can be made sticky, skipping con = %p\n", current->con);
              continue;
          }
          DLOG("setting sticky for container = %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
  
          bool sticky = false;
          if (strcmp(action, "enable") == 0)
              sticky = true;
          else if (strcmp(action, "disable") == 0)
              sticky = false;
          else if (strcmp(action, "toggle") == 0)
              sticky = !current->con->sticky;
  
          current->con->sticky = sticky;
          ewmh_update_sticky(current->con->window->id, sticky);
      }
  
      /* A window we made sticky might not be on a visible workspace right now, so we need to make
       * sure it gets pushed to the front now. */
      output_push_sticky_windows(focused);
  
      ewmh_update_wm_desktop();
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move <direction> [<amount> [px|ppt]]'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_direction(I3_CMD, const char *direction_str, long amount, const char *mode) {
      owindow *current;
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      Con *initially_focused = focused;
      direction_t direction = parse_direction(direction_str);
  
      const bool is_ppt = mode && strcmp(mode, "ppt") == 0;
  
      DLOG("moving in direction %s, %ld %s\n", direction_str, amount, mode);
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          if (con_is_floating(current->con)) {
              DLOG("floating move with %ld %s\n", amount, mode);
              Rect newrect = current->con->parent->rect;
              Con *output = con_get_output(current->con);
  
              switch (direction) {
                  case D_LEFT:
                      newrect.x -= is_ppt ? output->rect.width * ((double)amount / 100.0) : amount;
                      break;
                  case D_RIGHT:
                      newrect.x += is_ppt ? output->rect.width * ((double)amount / 100.0) : amount;
                      break;
                  case D_UP:
                      newrect.y -= is_ppt ? output->rect.height * ((double)amount / 100.0) : amount;
                      break;
                  case D_DOWN:
                      newrect.y += is_ppt ? output->rect.height * ((double)amount / 100.0) : amount;
                      break;
              }
  
              cmd_output->needs_tree_render = floating_reposition(current->con->parent, newrect);
          } else {
              tree_move(current->con, direction);
              cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
          }
      }
  
      /* The move command should not disturb focus. con_exists is called because
       * tree_move calls tree_flatten. */
      if (focused != initially_focused && con_exists(initially_focused)) {
          con_activate(initially_focused);
      }
  
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'layout default|stacked|stacking|tabbed|splitv|splith'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_layout(I3_CMD, const char *layout_str) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      layout_t layout;
      if (!layout_from_name(layout_str, &layout)) {
          yerror("Unknown layout \"%s\", this is a mismatch between code and parser spec.", layout_str);
          return;
      }
  
      DLOG("changing layout to %s (%d)\n", layout_str, layout);
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          if (con_is_docked(current->con)) {
              ELOG("cannot change layout of a docked container, skipping it.\n");
              continue;
          }
  
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          con_set_layout(current->con, layout);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'layout toggle [all|split]'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_layout_toggle(I3_CMD, const char *toggle_mode) {
      owindow *current;
  
      if (toggle_mode == NULL)
          toggle_mode = "default";
  
      DLOG("toggling layout (mode = %s)\n", toggle_mode);
  
      /* check if the match is empty, not if the result is empty */
      if (match_is_empty(current_match))
          con_toggle_layout(focused, toggle_mode);
      else {
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
              DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
              con_toggle_layout(current->con, toggle_mode);
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'exit'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_exit(I3_CMD) {
      LOG("Exiting due to user command.\n");
      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  
      /* unreached */
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'reload'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_reload(I3_CMD) {
      LOG("reloading\n");
  
      kill_nagbar(config_error_nagbar_pid, false);
      kill_nagbar(command_error_nagbar_pid, false);
      /* start_nagbar() will refuse to start a new process if the passed pid is
       * set. This will happen when our child watcher is triggered by libev when
       * the loop re-starts. However, config errors might be detected before
       * that since we will read the config right now with load_configuration.
       * See #4104. */
      config_error_nagbar_pid = command_error_nagbar_pid = -1;
  
      load_configuration(NULL, C_RELOAD);
      x_set_i3_atoms();
      /* Send an IPC event just in case the ws names have changed */
      ipc_send_workspace_event("reload", NULL, NULL);
      /* Send an update event for each barconfig just in case it has changed */
      Barconfig *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &barconfigs, configs) {
          ipc_send_barconfig_update_event(current);
      }
  
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'restart'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_restart(I3_CMD) {
      LOG("restarting i3\n");
      int exempt_fd = -1;
      if (cmd_output->client != NULL) {
          exempt_fd = cmd_output->client->fd;
          LOG("Carrying file descriptor %d across restart\n", exempt_fd);
          int flags;
          if ((flags = fcntl(exempt_fd, F_GETFD)) < 0 ||
              fcntl(exempt_fd, F_SETFD, flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
              ELOG("Could not disable FD_CLOEXEC on fd %d\n", exempt_fd);
          }
          char *fdstr = NULL;
          sasprintf(&fdstr, "%d", exempt_fd);
          setenv("_I3_RESTART_FD", fdstr, 1);
      }
      ipc_shutdown(SHUTDOWN_REASON_RESTART, exempt_fd);
      unlink(config.ipc_socket_path);
      if (current_log_stream_socket_path != NULL) {
          unlink(current_log_stream_socket_path);
      }
      /* We need to call this manually since atexit handlers don’t get called
       * when exec()ing */
      purge_zerobyte_logfile();
      i3_restart(false);
      /* unreached */
      assert(false);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'open'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_open(I3_CMD) {
      LOG("opening new container\n");
      Con *con = tree_open_con(NULL, NULL);
      con->layout = L_SPLITH;
      con_activate(con);
  
      y(map_open);
      ystr("success");
      y(bool, true);
      ystr("id");
      y(integer, (uintptr_t)con);
      y(map_close);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'focus output <output>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_focus_output(I3_CMD, const char *name) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&owindows)) {
          ysuccess(true);
          return;
      }
  
      Output *current_output = get_output_for_con(TAILQ_FIRST(&owindows)->con);
      Output *output = get_output_from_string(current_output, name);
  
      if (!output) {
          yerror("Output %s not found.", name);
          return;
      }
  
      /* get visible workspace on output */
      Con *ws = NULL;
      GREP_FIRST(ws, output_get_content(output->con), workspace_is_visible(child));
      if (!ws) {
          yerror("BUG: No workspace found on output.");
          return;
      }
  
      workspace_show(ws);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [window|container] [to] [absolute] position [<pos_x> [px|ppt] <pos_y> [px|ppt]]
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_window_to_position(I3_CMD, long x, const char *mode_x, long y, const char *mode_y) {
      bool has_error = false;
  
      owindow *current;
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          if (!con_is_floating(current->con)) {
              ELOG("Cannot change position. The window/container is not floating\n");
  
              if (!has_error) {
                  yerror("Cannot change position of a window/container because it is not floating.");
                  has_error = true;
              }
  
              continue;
          }
  
          Rect newrect = current->con->parent->rect;
          Con *output = con_get_output(current->con);
  
          newrect.x = mode_x && strcmp(mode_x, "ppt") == 0 ? output->rect.width * ((double)x / 100.0) : x;
          newrect.y = mode_y && strcmp(mode_y, "ppt") == 0 ? output->rect.height * ((double)y / 100.0) : y;
          DLOG("moving to position %d %s %d %s\n", newrect.x, mode_x, newrect.y, mode_y);
  
          if (!floating_reposition(current->con->parent, newrect)) {
              yerror("Cannot move window/container out of bounds.");
              has_error = true;
          }
      }
  
      if (!has_error)
          ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [window|container] [to] [absolute] position center
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_window_to_center(I3_CMD, const char *method) {
      bool has_error = false;
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *floating_con = con_inside_floating(current->con);
          if (floating_con == NULL) {
              ELOG("con %p / %s is not floating, cannot move it to the center.\n",
                   current->con, current->con->name);
  
              if (!has_error) {
                  yerror("Cannot change position of a window/container because it is not floating.");
                  has_error = true;
              }
  
              continue;
          }
  
          if (strcmp(method, "absolute") == 0) {
              DLOG("moving to absolute center\n");
              floating_center(floating_con, croot->rect);
  
              floating_maybe_reassign_ws(floating_con);
              cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
          }
  
          if (strcmp(method, "position") == 0) {
              DLOG("moving to center\n");
              floating_center(floating_con, con_get_workspace(floating_con)->rect);
  
              cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
          }
      }
  
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      if (!has_error)
          ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move [window|container] [to] position mouse'
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_window_to_mouse(I3_CMD) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          Con *floating_con = con_inside_floating(current->con);
          if (floating_con == NULL) {
              DLOG("con %p / %s is not floating, cannot move it to the mouse position.\n",
                   current->con, current->con->name);
              continue;
          }
  
          DLOG("moving floating container %p / %s to cursor position\n", floating_con, floating_con->name);
          floating_move_to_pointer(floating_con);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'move scratchpad'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_move_scratchpad(I3_CMD) {
      DLOG("should move window to scratchpad\n");
      owindow *current;
  
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          scratchpad_move(current->con);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'scratchpad show'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_scratchpad_show(I3_CMD) {
      DLOG("should show scratchpad window\n");
      owindow *current;
      bool result = false;
  
      if (match_is_empty(current_match)) {
          result = scratchpad_show(NULL);
      } else {
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
              DLOG("matching: %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
              result |= scratchpad_show(current->con);
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
  
      ysuccess(result);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'swap [container] [with] id|con_id|mark <arg>'.
   *
   */
  void cmd_swap(I3_CMD, const char *mode, const char *arg) {
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *match = TAILQ_FIRST(&owindows);
      if (match == NULL) {
          yerror("No match found for swapping.");
          return;
      }
      if (match->con == NULL) {
          yerror("Match %p has no container.", match);
          return;
      }
  
      Con *con;
      if (strcmp(mode, "id") == 0) {
          long target;
          if (!parse_long(arg, &target, 0)) {
              yerror("Failed to parse %s into a window id.", arg);
              return;
          }
  
          con = con_by_window_id(target);
      } else if (strcmp(mode, "con_id") == 0) {
          long target;
          if (!parse_long(arg, &target, 0)) {
              yerror("Failed to parse %s into a container id.", arg);
              return;
          }
  
          con = con_by_con_id(target);
      } else if (strcmp(mode, "mark") == 0) {
          con = con_by_mark(arg);
      } else {
          yerror("Unhandled swap mode \"%s\". This is a bug.", mode);
          return;
      }
  
      if (con == NULL) {
          yerror("Could not find container for %s = %s", mode, arg);
          return;
      }
  
      if (match != TAILQ_LAST(&owindows, owindows_head)) {
          LOG("More than one container matched the swap command, only using the first one.");
      }
  
      DLOG("Swapping %p with %p.\n", match->con, con);
      bool result = con_swap(match->con, con);
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(result);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'title_format <format>'
   *
   */
  void cmd_title_format(I3_CMD, const char *format) {
      DLOG("setting title_format to \"%s\"\n", format);
      HANDLE_EMPTY_MATCH;
  
      owindow *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &owindows, owindows) {
          DLOG("setting title_format for %p / %s\n", current->con, current->con->name);
          FREE(current->con->title_format);
  
          /* If we only display the title without anything else, we can skip the parsing step,
           * so we remove the title format altogether. */
          if (strcasecmp(format, "%title") != 0) {
              current->con->title_format = sstrdup(format);
  
              if (current->con->window != NULL) {
                  i3String *formatted_title = con_parse_title_format(current->con);
                  ewmh_update_visible_name(current->con->window->id, i3string_as_utf8(formatted_title));
                  I3STRING_FREE(formatted_title);
              }
          } else {
              if (current->con->window != NULL) {
                  /* We can remove _NET_WM_VISIBLE_NAME since we don't display a custom title. */
                  ewmh_update_visible_name(current->con->window->id, NULL);
              }
          }
  
          if (current->con->window != NULL) {
              /* Make sure the window title is redrawn immediately. */
              current->con->window->name_x_changed = true;
          } else {
              /* For windowless containers we also need to force the redrawing. */
              FREE(current->con->deco_render_params);
          }
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'rename workspace [<name>] to <name>'
   *
   */
  void cmd_rename_workspace(I3_CMD, const char *old_name, const char *new_name) {
      if (strncasecmp(new_name, "__", strlen("__")) == 0) {
          yerror("Cannot rename workspace to \"%s\": names starting with __ are i3-internal.", new_name);
          return;
      }
      if (old_name) {
          LOG("Renaming workspace \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", old_name, new_name);
      } else {
          LOG("Renaming current workspace to \"%s\"\n", new_name);
      }
  
      Con *workspace;
      if (old_name) {
          workspace = get_existing_workspace_by_name(old_name);
      } else {
          workspace = con_get_workspace(focused);
          old_name = workspace->name;
      }
  
      if (!workspace) {
          yerror("Old workspace \"%s\" not found", old_name);
          return;
      }
  
      Con *check_dest = get_existing_workspace_by_name(new_name);
  
      /* If check_dest == workspace, the user might be changing the case of the
       * workspace, or it might just be a no-op. */
      if (check_dest != NULL && check_dest != workspace) {
          yerror("New workspace \"%s\" already exists", new_name);
          return;
      }
  
      /* Change the name and try to parse it as a number. */
      /* old_name might refer to workspace->name, so copy it before free()ing */
      char *old_name_copy = sstrdup(old_name);
      FREE(workspace->name);
      workspace->name = sstrdup(new_name);
  
      workspace->num = ws_name_to_number(new_name);
      LOG("num = %d\n", workspace->num);
  
      /* By re-attaching, the sort order will be correct afterwards. */
      Con *previously_focused = focused;
      Con *previously_focused_content = focused->type == CT_WORKSPACE ? focused->parent : NULL;
      Con *parent = workspace->parent;
      con_detach(workspace);
      con_attach(workspace, parent, false);
      ipc_send_workspace_event("rename", workspace, NULL);
  
      Con *assigned = get_assigned_output(workspace->name, workspace->num);
      if (assigned) {
          workspace_move_to_output(workspace, get_output_for_con(assigned));
      }
  
      bool can_restore_focus = previously_focused != NULL;
      /* NB: If previously_focused is a workspace we can't work directly with it
       * since it might have been cleaned up by workspace_show() already,
       * depending on the focus order/number of other workspaces on the output.
       * Instead, we loop through the available workspaces and only focus
       * previously_focused if we still find it. */
      if (previously_focused_content) {
          Con *workspace = NULL;
          GREP_FIRST(workspace, previously_focused_content, child == previously_focused);
          can_restore_focus &= (workspace != NULL);
      }
  
      if (can_restore_focus) {
          /* Restore the previous focus since con_attach messes with the focus. */
          workspace_show(con_get_workspace(previously_focused));
          con_focus(previously_focused);
      }
  
      /* Let back-and-forth work after renaming the previous workspace.
       * See #3694. */
      if (previous_workspace_name && !strcmp(previous_workspace_name, old_name_copy)) {
          FREE(previous_workspace_name);
          previous_workspace_name = sstrdup(new_name);
      }
  
      cmd_output->needs_tree_render = true;
      ysuccess(true);
  
      ewmh_update_desktop_properties();
  
      startup_sequence_rename_workspace(old_name_copy, new_name);
      free(old_name_copy);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'bar mode dock|hide|invisible|toggle [<bar_id>]'
   *
   */
  void cmd_bar_mode(I3_CMD, const char *bar_mode, const char *bar_id) {
      int mode = M_DOCK;
      bool toggle = false;
      if (strcmp(bar_mode, "dock") == 0)
          mode = M_DOCK;
      else if (strcmp(bar_mode, "hide") == 0)
          mode = M_HIDE;
      else if (strcmp(bar_mode, "invisible") == 0)
          mode = M_INVISIBLE;
      else if (strcmp(bar_mode, "toggle") == 0)
          toggle = true;
      else {
          ELOG("Unknown bar mode \"%s\", this is a mismatch between code and parser spec.\n", bar_mode);
          assert(false);
      }
  
      if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&barconfigs)) {
          yerror("No bars found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      Barconfig *current = NULL;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &barconfigs, configs) {
          if (bar_id && strcmp(current->id, bar_id) != 0) {
              continue;
          }
  
          if (toggle) {
              mode = (current->mode + 1) % 2;
          }
  
          DLOG("Changing bar mode of bar_id '%s' from '%d' to '%s (%d)'\n",
               current->id, current->mode, bar_mode, mode);
          if ((int)current->mode != mode) {
              current->mode = mode;
              ipc_send_barconfig_update_event(current);
          }
  
          if (bar_id) {
              /* We are looking for a specific bar and we found it */
              ysuccess(true);
              return;
          }
      }
  
      if (bar_id) {
          /* We are looking for a specific bar and we did not find it */
          yerror("Changing bar mode of bar_id %s failed, bar_id not found.\n", bar_id);
      } else {
          /* We have already handled the case of no bars, so we must have
           * updated all active bars now. */
          ysuccess(true);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'bar hidden_state hide|show|toggle [<bar_id>]'
   *
   */
  void cmd_bar_hidden_state(I3_CMD, const char *bar_hidden_state, const char *bar_id) {
      int hidden_state = S_SHOW;
      bool toggle = false;
      if (strcmp(bar_hidden_state, "hide") == 0)
          hidden_state = S_HIDE;
      else if (strcmp(bar_hidden_state, "show") == 0)
          hidden_state = S_SHOW;
      else if (strcmp(bar_hidden_state, "toggle") == 0)
          toggle = true;
      else {
          ELOG("Unknown bar state \"%s\", this is a mismatch between code and parser spec.\n", bar_hidden_state);
          assert(false);
      }
  
      if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&barconfigs)) {
          yerror("No bars found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      Barconfig *current = NULL;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &barconfigs, configs) {
          if (bar_id && strcmp(current->id, bar_id) != 0) {
              continue;
          }
  
          if (toggle) {
              hidden_state = (current->hidden_state + 1) % 2;
          }
  
          DLOG("Changing bar hidden_state of bar_id '%s' from '%d' to '%s (%d)'\n",
               current->id, current->hidden_state, bar_hidden_state, hidden_state);
          if ((int)current->hidden_state != hidden_state) {
              current->hidden_state = hidden_state;
              ipc_send_barconfig_update_event(current);
          }
  
          if (bar_id) {
              /* We are looking for a specific bar and we found it */
              ysuccess(true);
              return;
          }
      }
  
      if (bar_id) {
          /* We are looking for a specific bar and we did not find it */
          yerror("Changing bar hidden_state of bar_id %s failed, bar_id not found.\n", bar_id);
      } else {
          /* We have already handled the case of no bars, so we must have
           * updated all active bars now. */
          ysuccess(true);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'shmlog <size>|toggle|on|off'
   *
   */
  void cmd_shmlog(I3_CMD, const char *argument) {
      if (!strcmp(argument, "toggle"))
          /* Toggle shm log, if size is not 0. If it is 0, set it to default. */
          shmlog_size = shmlog_size ? -shmlog_size : default_shmlog_size;
      else if (!strcmp(argument, "on"))
          shmlog_size = default_shmlog_size;
      else if (!strcmp(argument, "off"))
          shmlog_size = 0;
      else {
          long new_size = 0;
          if (!parse_long(argument, &new_size, 0)) {
              yerror("Failed to parse %s into a shmlog size.", argument);
              return;
          }
          /* If shm logging now, restart logging with the new size. */
          if (shmlog_size > 0) {
              shmlog_size = 0;
              LOG("Restarting shm logging...\n");
              init_logging();
          }
          shmlog_size = (int)new_size;
      }
      LOG("%s shm logging\n", shmlog_size > 0 ? "Enabling" : "Disabling");
      init_logging();
      update_shmlog_atom();
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  
  /*
   * Implementation of 'debuglog toggle|on|off'
   *
   */
  void cmd_debuglog(I3_CMD, const char *argument) {
      bool logging = get_debug_logging();
      if (!strcmp(argument, "toggle")) {
          LOG("%s debug logging\n", logging ? "Disabling" : "Enabling");
          set_debug_logging(!logging);
      } else if (!strcmp(argument, "on") && !logging) {
          LOG("Enabling debug logging\n");
          set_debug_logging(true);
      } else if (!strcmp(argument, "off") && logging) {
          LOG("Disabling debug logging\n");
          set_debug_logging(false);
      }
      // XXX: default reply for now, make this a better reply
      ysuccess(true);
  }
  