text: from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
  
  from axes.exceptions import (
      AxesBackendPermissionDenied,
      AxesBackendRequestParameterRequired,
  )
  from axes.handlers.proxy import AxesProxyHandler
  from axes.helpers import get_credentials, get_lockout_message, toggleable
  
  
  class AxesBackend(ModelBackend):
      """
      Authentication backend class that forbids login attempts for locked out users.
  
      Use this class as the first item of ``AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS`` to
      prevent locked out users from being logged in by the Django authentication flow.
  
      .. note:: This backend does not log your user in. It monitors login attempts.
                Authentication is handled by the following backends that are configured in ``AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS``.
      """
  
      @toggleable
      def authenticate(
          self, request, username: str = None, password: str = None, **kwargs: dict
      ):
          """
          Checks user lockout status and raises an exception if user is not allowed to log in.
  
          This method interrupts the login flow and inserts  error message directly to the
          ``response_context`` attribute that is supplied as a keyword argument.
  
          :keyword response_context: kwarg that will be have its ``error`` attribute updated with context.
          :raises AxesBackendRequestParameterRequired: if request parameter is not passed.
          :raises AxesBackendPermissionDenied: if user is already locked out.
          """
  
          if request is None:
              raise AxesBackendRequestParameterRequired(
                  "AxesBackend requires a request as an argument to authenticate"
              )
  
          credentials = get_credentials(username=username, password=password, **kwargs)
  
          if AxesProxyHandler.is_allowed(request, credentials):
              return
  
          # Locked out, don't try to authenticate, just update response_context and return.
          # Its a bit weird to pass a context and expect a response value but its nice to get a "why" back.
  
          error_msg = get_lockout_message()
          response_context = kwargs.get("response_context", {})
          response_context["error"] = error_msg
  
          # Raise an error that stops the authentication flows at django.contrib.auth.authenticate.
          # This error stops bubbling up at the authenticate call which catches backend PermissionDenied errors.
          # After this error is caught by authenticate it emits a signal indicating user login failed,
          # which is processed by axes.signals.log_user_login_failed which logs and flags the failed request.
          # The axes.middleware.AxesMiddleware further processes the flagged request into a readable response.
  
          raise AxesBackendPermissionDenied(
              "AxesBackend detected that the given user is locked out"
          )
  