text: """DNS Authenticator using RFC 2136 Dynamic Updates."""
  import logging
  
  import dns.flags
  import dns.message
  import dns.name
  import dns.query
  import dns.rdataclass
  import dns.rdatatype
  import dns.tsig
  import dns.tsigkeyring
  import dns.update
  import zope.interface
  
  from certbot import errors
  from certbot import interfaces
  from certbot.plugins import dns_common
  
  logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  DEFAULT_NETWORK_TIMEOUT = 45
  
  @zope.interface.implementer(interfaces.IAuthenticator)
  @zope.interface.provider(interfaces.IPluginFactory)
  class Authenticator(dns_common.DNSAuthenticator):
      """DNS Authenticator using RFC 2136 Dynamic Updates
  
      This Authenticator uses RFC 2136 Dynamic Updates to fulfull a dns-01 challenge.
      """
  
      ALGORITHMS = {
        'HMAC-MD5': dns.tsig.HMAC_MD5,
        'HMAC-SHA1': dns.tsig.HMAC_SHA1,
        'HMAC-SHA224': dns.tsig.HMAC_SHA224,
        'HMAC-SHA256': dns.tsig.HMAC_SHA256,
        'HMAC-SHA384': dns.tsig.HMAC_SHA384,
        'HMAC-SHA512': dns.tsig.HMAC_SHA512
      }
  
      PORT = 53
  
      description = 'Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using BIND for DNS).'
      ttl = 120
  
      def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
          super(Authenticator, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
          self.credentials = None
  
      @classmethod
      def add_parser_arguments(cls, add):  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
          super(Authenticator, cls).add_parser_arguments(add, default_propagation_seconds=60)
          add('credentials', help='RFC 2136 credentials INI file.')
  
      def more_info(self):  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
          return 'This plugin configures a DNS TXT record to respond to a dns-01 challenge using ' + \
                 'RFC 2136 Dynamic Updates.'
  
      def _validate_algorithm(self, credentials):
          algorithm = credentials.conf('algorithm')
          if algorithm:
              if not self.ALGORITHMS.get(algorithm.upper()):
                  raise errors.PluginError("Unknown algorithm: {0}.".format(algorithm))
  
      def _setup_credentials(self):
          self.credentials = self._configure_credentials(
              'credentials',
              'RFC 2136 credentials INI file',
              {
                  'name': 'TSIG key name',
                  'secret': 'TSIG key secret',
                  'server': 'The target DNS server'
              },
              self._validate_algorithm
          )
  
      def _perform(self, _domain, validation_name, validation):
          self._get_rfc2136_client().add_txt_record(validation_name, validation, self.ttl)
  
      def _cleanup(self, _domain, validation_name, validation):
          self._get_rfc2136_client().del_txt_record(validation_name, validation)
  
      def _get_rfc2136_client(self):
          return _RFC2136Client(self.credentials.conf('server'),
                                int(self.credentials.conf('port') or self.PORT),
                                self.credentials.conf('name'),
                                self.credentials.conf('secret'),
                                self.ALGORITHMS.get(self.credentials.conf('algorithm'),
                                                    dns.tsig.HMAC_MD5))
  
  
  class _RFC2136Client(object):
      """
      Encapsulates all communication with the target DNS server.
      """
      def __init__(self, server, port, key_name, key_secret, key_algorithm,
          timeout=DEFAULT_NETWORK_TIMEOUT):
          self.server = server
          self.port = port
          self.keyring = dns.tsigkeyring.from_text({
              key_name: key_secret
          })
          self.algorithm = key_algorithm
          self._default_timeout = timeout
  
      def add_txt_record(self, record_name, record_content, record_ttl):
          """
          Add a TXT record using the supplied information.
  
          :param str record_name: The record name (typically beginning with '_acme-challenge.').
          :param str record_content: The record content (typically the challenge validation).
          :param int record_ttl: The record TTL (number of seconds that the record may be cached).
          :raises certbot.errors.PluginError: if an error occurs communicating with the DNS server
          """
  
          domain = self._find_domain(record_name)
  
          n = dns.name.from_text(record_name)
          o = dns.name.from_text(domain)
          rel = n.relativize(o)
  
          update = dns.update.Update(
              domain,
              keyring=self.keyring,
              keyalgorithm=self.algorithm)
          update.add(rel, record_ttl, dns.rdatatype.TXT, record_content)
  
          try:
              response = dns.query.tcp(update, self.server, self._default_timeout, self.port)
          except Exception as e:
              raise errors.PluginError('Encountered error adding TXT record: {0}'
                                       .format(e))
          rcode = response.rcode()
  
          if rcode == dns.rcode.NOERROR:
              logger.debug('Successfully added TXT record %s', record_name)
          else:
              raise errors.PluginError('Received response from server: {0}'
                                       .format(dns.rcode.to_text(rcode)))
  
      def del_txt_record(self, record_name, record_content):
          """
          Delete a TXT record using the supplied information.
  
          :param str record_name: The record name (typically beginning with '_acme-challenge.').
          :param str record_content: The record content (typically the challenge validation).
          :param int record_ttl: The record TTL (number of seconds that the record may be cached).
          :raises certbot.errors.PluginError: if an error occurs communicating with the DNS server
          """
  
          domain = self._find_domain(record_name)
  
          n = dns.name.from_text(record_name)
          o = dns.name.from_text(domain)
          rel = n.relativize(o)
  
          update = dns.update.Update(
              domain,
              keyring=self.keyring,
              keyalgorithm=self.algorithm)
          update.delete(rel, dns.rdatatype.TXT, record_content)
  
          try:
              response = dns.query.tcp(update, self.server, self._default_timeout, self.port)
          except Exception as e:
              raise errors.PluginError('Encountered error deleting TXT record: {0}'
                                       .format(e))
          rcode = response.rcode()
  
          if rcode == dns.rcode.NOERROR:
              logger.debug('Successfully deleted TXT record %s', record_name)
          else:
              raise errors.PluginError('Received response from server: {0}'
                                       .format(dns.rcode.to_text(rcode)))
  
      def _find_domain(self, record_name):
          """
          Find the closest domain with an SOA record for a given domain name.
  
          :param str record_name: The record name for which to find the closest SOA record.
          :returns: The domain, if found.
          :rtype: str
          :raises certbot.errors.PluginError: if no SOA record can be found.
          """
  
          domain_name_guesses = dns_common.base_domain_name_guesses(record_name)
  
          # Loop through until we find an authoritative SOA record
          for guess in domain_name_guesses:
              if self._query_soa(guess):
                  return guess
  
          raise errors.PluginError('Unable to determine base domain for {0} using names: {1}.'
                                   .format(record_name, domain_name_guesses))
  
      def _query_soa(self, domain_name):
          """
          Query a domain name for an authoritative SOA record.
  
          :param str domain_name: The domain name to query for an SOA record.
          :returns: True if found, False otherwise.
          :rtype: bool
          :raises certbot.errors.PluginError: if no response is received.
          """
  
          domain = dns.name.from_text(domain_name)
  
          request = dns.message.make_query(domain, dns.rdatatype.SOA, dns.rdataclass.IN)
          # Turn off Recursion Desired bit in query
          request.flags ^= dns.flags.RD
  
          try:
              try:
                  response = dns.query.tcp(request, self.server, self._default_timeout, self.port)
              except (OSError, dns.exception.Timeout) as e:
                  logger.debug('TCP query failed, fallback to UDP: %s', e)
                  response = dns.query.udp(request, self.server, self._default_timeout, self.port)
              rcode = response.rcode()
  
              # Authoritative Answer bit should be set
              if (rcode == dns.rcode.NOERROR and response.get_rrset(response.answer,
                  domain, dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.SOA) and response.flags & dns.flags.AA):
                  logger.debug('Received authoritative SOA response for %s', domain_name)
                  return True
  
              logger.debug('No authoritative SOA record found for %s', domain_name)
              return False
          except Exception as e:
              raise errors.PluginError('Encountered error when making query: {0}'
                                       .format(e))
  