text: // Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
  // Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
  // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
  //
  // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  // met:
  //
  //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
  // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  // distribution.
  //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
  // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  // this software without specific prior written permission.
  //
  // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  
  // Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
  //  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
  //  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  // Verify that #including windows.h does not break anything (e.g. because
  // windows.h #defines GetMessage() as a macro).
  #include <windows.h>
  #endif
  
  #include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
  #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
  #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
  
  #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
  #include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
  #include <gtest/gtest.h>
  
  namespace google {
  namespace protobuf {
  
  void TestUtil::SetAllFields(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    SetOptionalFields(message);
    AddRepeatedFields1(message);
    AddRepeatedFields2(message);
    SetDefaultFields(message);
    SetOneofFields(message);
  }
  
  void TestUtil::SetOptionalFields(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    message->set_optional_int32   (101);
    message->set_optional_int64   (102);
    message->set_optional_uint32  (103);
    message->set_optional_uint64  (104);
    message->set_optional_sint32  (105);
    message->set_optional_sint64  (106);
    message->set_optional_fixed32 (107);
    message->set_optional_fixed64 (108);
    message->set_optional_sfixed32(109);
    message->set_optional_sfixed64(110);
    message->set_optional_float   (111);
    message->set_optional_double  (112);
    message->set_optional_bool    (true);
    message->set_optional_string  ("115");
    message->set_optional_bytes   ("116");
  
    message->mutable_optionalgroup                 ()->set_a(117);
    message->mutable_optional_nested_message       ()->set_bb(118);
    message->mutable_optional_foreign_message      ()->set_c(119);
    message->mutable_optional_import_message       ()->set_d(120);
    message->mutable_optional_public_import_message()->set_e(126);
    message->mutable_optional_lazy_message         ()->set_bb(127);
  
    message->set_optional_nested_enum (unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
    message->set_optional_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      );
    message->set_optional_import_enum (unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ);
  
    // StringPiece and Cord fields are only accessible via reflection in the
    // open source release; see comments in compiler/cpp/string_field.cc.
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    message->GetReflection()->SetString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_string_piece"),
      "124");
    message->GetReflection()->SetString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_cord"),
      "125");
  #endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::AddRepeatedFields1(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    message->add_repeated_int32   (201);
    message->add_repeated_int64   (202);
    message->add_repeated_uint32  (203);
    message->add_repeated_uint64  (204);
    message->add_repeated_sint32  (205);
    message->add_repeated_sint64  (206);
    message->add_repeated_fixed32 (207);
    message->add_repeated_fixed64 (208);
    message->add_repeated_sfixed32(209);
    message->add_repeated_sfixed64(210);
    message->add_repeated_float   (211);
    message->add_repeated_double  (212);
    message->add_repeated_bool    (true);
    message->add_repeated_string  ("215");
    message->add_repeated_bytes   ("216");
  
    message->add_repeatedgroup           ()->set_a(217);
    message->add_repeated_nested_message ()->set_bb(218);
    message->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(219);
    message->add_repeated_import_message ()->set_d(220);
    message->add_repeated_lazy_message   ()->set_bb(227);
  
    message->add_repeated_nested_enum (unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR);
    message->add_repeated_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      );
    message->add_repeated_import_enum (unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR);
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    message->GetReflection()->AddString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_string_piece"),
      "224");
    message->GetReflection()->AddString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_cord"),
      "225");
  #endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
  }
  
  void TestUtil::AddRepeatedFields2(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    // Add a second one of each field.
    message->add_repeated_int32   (301);
    message->add_repeated_int64   (302);
    message->add_repeated_uint32  (303);
    message->add_repeated_uint64  (304);
    message->add_repeated_sint32  (305);
    message->add_repeated_sint64  (306);
    message->add_repeated_fixed32 (307);
    message->add_repeated_fixed64 (308);
    message->add_repeated_sfixed32(309);
    message->add_repeated_sfixed64(310);
    message->add_repeated_float   (311);
    message->add_repeated_double  (312);
    message->add_repeated_bool    (false);
    message->add_repeated_string  ("315");
    message->add_repeated_bytes   ("316");
  
    message->add_repeatedgroup           ()->set_a(317);
    message->add_repeated_nested_message ()->set_bb(318);
    message->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(319);
    message->add_repeated_import_message ()->set_d(320);
    message->add_repeated_lazy_message   ()->set_bb(327);
  
    message->add_repeated_nested_enum (unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
    message->add_repeated_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      );
    message->add_repeated_import_enum (unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ);
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    message->GetReflection()->AddString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_string_piece"),
      "324");
    message->GetReflection()->AddString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_cord"),
      "325");
  #endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::SetDefaultFields(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    message->set_default_int32   (401);
    message->set_default_int64   (402);
    message->set_default_uint32  (403);
    message->set_default_uint64  (404);
    message->set_default_sint32  (405);
    message->set_default_sint64  (406);
    message->set_default_fixed32 (407);
    message->set_default_fixed64 (408);
    message->set_default_sfixed32(409);
    message->set_default_sfixed64(410);
    message->set_default_float   (411);
    message->set_default_double  (412);
    message->set_default_bool    (false);
    message->set_default_string  ("415");
    message->set_default_bytes   ("416");
  
    message->set_default_nested_enum (unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
    message->set_default_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      );
    message->set_default_import_enum (unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO);
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    message->GetReflection()->SetString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("default_string_piece"),
      "424");
    message->GetReflection()->SetString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("default_cord"),
      "425");
  #endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedFields(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    message->set_repeated_int32   (1, 501);
    message->set_repeated_int64   (1, 502);
    message->set_repeated_uint32  (1, 503);
    message->set_repeated_uint64  (1, 504);
    message->set_repeated_sint32  (1, 505);
    message->set_repeated_sint64  (1, 506);
    message->set_repeated_fixed32 (1, 507);
    message->set_repeated_fixed64 (1, 508);
    message->set_repeated_sfixed32(1, 509);
    message->set_repeated_sfixed64(1, 510);
    message->set_repeated_float   (1, 511);
    message->set_repeated_double  (1, 512);
    message->set_repeated_bool    (1, true);
    message->set_repeated_string  (1, "515");
    message->set_repeated_bytes   (1, "516");
  
    message->mutable_repeatedgroup           (1)->set_a(517);
    message->mutable_repeated_nested_message (1)->set_bb(518);
    message->mutable_repeated_foreign_message(1)->set_c(519);
    message->mutable_repeated_import_message (1)->set_d(520);
    message->mutable_repeated_lazy_message   (1)->set_bb(527);
  
    message->set_repeated_nested_enum (1, unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
    message->set_repeated_foreign_enum(1, unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      );
    message->set_repeated_import_enum (1, unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO);
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    message->GetReflection()->SetRepeatedString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_string_piece"),
      1, "524");
    message->GetReflection()->SetRepeatedString(
      message,
      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_cord"),
      1, "525");
  #endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
  }
  
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  void TestUtil::SetOneofFields(unittest::TestAllTypes* message) {
    message->set_oneof_uint32(601);
    message->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(602);
    message->set_oneof_string("603");
    message->set_oneof_bytes("604");
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int32   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int64   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_float   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_double  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_bool    ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optionalgroup                 ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_message       ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_foreign_message      ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_import_message       ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_public_import_message());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_lazy_message         ());
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.optionalgroup                 ().has_a());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_nested_message       ().has_bb());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_foreign_message      ().has_c());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_import_message       ().has_d());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_public_import_message().has_e());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_lazy_message         ().has_bb());
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_import_enum ());
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string_piece());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_cord());
  #endif
  
    EXPECT_EQ(101  , message.optional_int32   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(102  , message.optional_int64   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(103  , message.optional_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(104  , message.optional_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(105  , message.optional_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(106  , message.optional_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(107  , message.optional_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_EQ(108  , message.optional_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_EQ(109  , message.optional_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_EQ(110  , message.optional_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_EQ(111  , message.optional_float   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(112  , message.optional_double  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.optional_bool    ());
    EXPECT_EQ("115", message.optional_string  ());
    EXPECT_EQ("116", message.optional_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(117, message.optionalgroup                  ().a());
    EXPECT_EQ(118, message.optional_nested_message        ().bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(119, message.optional_foreign_message       ().c());
    EXPECT_EQ(120, message.optional_import_message        ().d());
    EXPECT_EQ(126, message.optional_public_import_message ().e());
    EXPECT_EQ(127, message.optional_lazy_message          ().bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.optional_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      , message.optional_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ, message.optional_import_enum ());
  
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size   ());
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size           ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_lazy_message_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size    ());
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_cord_size());
  #endif
  
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.repeated_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.repeated_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.repeated_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.repeated_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.repeated_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.repeated_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.repeated_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.repeated_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.repeated_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.repeated_double  (0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.repeated_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes   (0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup           (0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message (0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.repeated_lazy_message   (0).bb());
  
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum (0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(301  , message.repeated_int32   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(302  , message.repeated_int64   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(303  , message.repeated_uint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(304  , message.repeated_uint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(305  , message.repeated_sint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(306  , message.repeated_sint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(307  , message.repeated_fixed32 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(308  , message.repeated_fixed64 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(309  , message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(310  , message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(311  , message.repeated_float   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(312  , message.repeated_double  (1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.repeated_bool    (1));
    EXPECT_EQ("315", message.repeated_string  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ("316", message.repeated_bytes   (1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(317, message.repeatedgroup           (1).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(318, message.repeated_nested_message (1).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(319, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message (1).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(327, message.repeated_lazy_message   (1).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ, message.repeated_import_enum (1));
  
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_int32   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_int64   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_float   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_double  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_bool    ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_string  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_import_enum ());
  
  
    EXPECT_EQ(401  , message.default_int32   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(402  , message.default_int64   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(403  , message.default_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(404  , message.default_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(405  , message.default_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(406  , message.default_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(407  , message.default_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_EQ(408  , message.default_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_EQ(409  , message.default_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_EQ(410  , message.default_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_EQ(411  , message.default_float   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(412  , message.default_double  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.default_bool    ());
    EXPECT_EQ("415", message.default_string  ());
    EXPECT_EQ("416", message.default_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.default_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      , message.default_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO, message.default_import_enum ());
  
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_uint32        ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_nested_message());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_string        ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_oneof_bytes          ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ("604", message.oneof_bytes());
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectClear(const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
    // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int32   ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int64   ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_float   ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_double  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_bool    ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optionalgroup                 ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message       ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_foreign_message      ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_import_message       ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_public_import_message());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_lazy_message         ());
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_import_enum ());
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string_piece());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_cord());
  
    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_int32   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_int64   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_float   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.optional_double  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.optional_bool    ());
    EXPECT_EQ(""   , message.optional_string  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(""   , message.optional_bytes   ());
  
    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.optionalgroup                 ().has_a());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_nested_message       ().has_bb());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_foreign_message      ().has_c());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_import_message       ().has_d());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_public_import_message().has_e());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_lazy_message         ().has_bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optionalgroup                 ().a());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_nested_message       ().bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_foreign_message      ().c());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_import_message       ().d());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_public_import_message().e());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_lazy_message         ().bb());
  
    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.optional_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      , message.optional_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO, message.optional_import_enum ());
  
  
    // Repeated fields are empty.
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int32_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int64_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_uint32_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_uint64_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sint32_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sint64_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_fixed32_size ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_fixed64_size ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_float_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_double_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_bool_size    ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_string_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_bytes_size   ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeatedgroup_size           ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_message_size ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_lazy_message_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_enum_size    ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_import_enum_size    ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_cord_size());
  
    // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_int32   ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_int64   ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_float   ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_double  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_bool    ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_string  ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_import_enum ());
  
  
    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
    EXPECT_EQ( 41    , message.default_int32   ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 42    , message.default_int64   ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 43    , message.default_uint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 44    , message.default_uint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(-45    , message.default_sint32  ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 46    , message.default_sint64  ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 47    , message.default_fixed32 ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 48    , message.default_fixed64 ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 49    , message.default_sfixed32());
    EXPECT_EQ(-50    , message.default_sfixed64());
    EXPECT_EQ( 51.5  , message.default_float   ());
    EXPECT_EQ( 52e3  , message.default_double  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(       message.default_bool    ());
    EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.default_string  ());
    EXPECT_EQ("world", message.default_bytes   ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.default_nested_enum ());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.default_foreign_enum());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.default_import_enum ());
  
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_uint32        ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_nested_message());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_string        ());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_bytes         ());
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(
      const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
    // element and size were *not* modified.
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size   ());
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size           ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_lazy_message_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size    ());
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_cord_size());
  #endif
  
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.repeated_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.repeated_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.repeated_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.repeated_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.repeated_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.repeated_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.repeated_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.repeated_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.repeated_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.repeated_double  (0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.repeated_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes   (0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup           (0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message (0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.repeated_lazy_message   (0).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum (0));
  
  
    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
    EXPECT_EQ(501  , message.repeated_int32   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(502  , message.repeated_int64   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(503  , message.repeated_uint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(504  , message.repeated_uint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(505  , message.repeated_sint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(506  , message.repeated_sint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(507  , message.repeated_fixed32 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(508  , message.repeated_fixed64 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(509  , message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(510  , message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(511  , message.repeated_float   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(512  , message.repeated_double  (1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.repeated_bool    (1));
    EXPECT_EQ("515", message.repeated_string  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ("516", message.repeated_bytes   (1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(517, message.repeatedgroup           (1).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(518, message.repeated_nested_message (1).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(519, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(520, message.repeated_import_message (1).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(527, message.repeated_lazy_message   (1).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.repeated_nested_enum (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO, message.repeated_import_enum (1));
  
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::SetPackedFields(unittest::TestPackedTypes* message) {
    message->add_packed_int32   (601);
    message->add_packed_int64   (602);
    message->add_packed_uint32  (603);
    message->add_packed_uint64  (604);
    message->add_packed_sint32  (605);
    message->add_packed_sint64  (606);
    message->add_packed_fixed32 (607);
    message->add_packed_fixed64 (608);
    message->add_packed_sfixed32(609);
    message->add_packed_sfixed64(610);
    message->add_packed_float   (611);
    message->add_packed_double  (612);
    message->add_packed_bool    (true);
    message->add_packed_enum    (unittest::FOREIGN_BAR);
    // add a second one of each field
    message->add_packed_int32   (701);
    message->add_packed_int64   (702);
    message->add_packed_uint32  (703);
    message->add_packed_uint64  (704);
    message->add_packed_sint32  (705);
    message->add_packed_sint64  (706);
    message->add_packed_fixed32 (707);
    message->add_packed_fixed64 (708);
    message->add_packed_sfixed32(709);
    message->add_packed_sfixed64(710);
    message->add_packed_float   (711);
    message->add_packed_double  (712);
    message->add_packed_bool    (false);
    message->add_packed_enum    (unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
  }
  
  void TestUtil::SetUnpackedFields(unittest::TestUnpackedTypes* message) {
    // The values applied here must match those of SetPackedFields.
  
    message->add_unpacked_int32   (601);
    message->add_unpacked_int64   (602);
    message->add_unpacked_uint32  (603);
    message->add_unpacked_uint64  (604);
    message->add_unpacked_sint32  (605);
    message->add_unpacked_sint64  (606);
    message->add_unpacked_fixed32 (607);
    message->add_unpacked_fixed64 (608);
    message->add_unpacked_sfixed32(609);
    message->add_unpacked_sfixed64(610);
    message->add_unpacked_float   (611);
    message->add_unpacked_double  (612);
    message->add_unpacked_bool    (true);
    message->add_unpacked_enum    (unittest::FOREIGN_BAR);
    // add a second one of each field
    message->add_unpacked_int32   (701);
    message->add_unpacked_int64   (702);
    message->add_unpacked_uint32  (703);
    message->add_unpacked_uint64  (704);
    message->add_unpacked_sint32  (705);
    message->add_unpacked_sint64  (706);
    message->add_unpacked_fixed32 (707);
    message->add_unpacked_fixed64 (708);
    message->add_unpacked_sfixed32(709);
    message->add_unpacked_sfixed64(710);
    message->add_unpacked_float   (711);
    message->add_unpacked_double  (712);
    message->add_unpacked_bool    (false);
    message->add_unpacked_enum    (unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ModifyPackedFields(unittest::TestPackedTypes* message) {
    message->set_packed_int32   (1, 801);
    message->set_packed_int64   (1, 802);
    message->set_packed_uint32  (1, 803);
    message->set_packed_uint64  (1, 804);
    message->set_packed_sint32  (1, 805);
    message->set_packed_sint64  (1, 806);
    message->set_packed_fixed32 (1, 807);
    message->set_packed_fixed64 (1, 808);
    message->set_packed_sfixed32(1, 809);
    message->set_packed_sfixed64(1, 810);
    message->set_packed_float   (1, 811);
    message->set_packed_double  (1, 812);
    message->set_packed_bool    (1, true);
    message->set_packed_enum    (1, unittest::FOREIGN_FOO);
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(const unittest::TestPackedTypes& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_enum_size    ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , message.packed_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , message.packed_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , message.packed_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , message.packed_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , message.packed_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , message.packed_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , message.packed_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , message.packed_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , message.packed_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , message.packed_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , message.packed_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , message.packed_double  (0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.packed_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR, message.packed_enum(0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(701  , message.packed_int32   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(702  , message.packed_int64   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(703  , message.packed_uint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(704  , message.packed_uint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(705  , message.packed_sint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(706  , message.packed_sint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(707  , message.packed_fixed32 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(708  , message.packed_fixed64 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(709  , message.packed_sfixed32(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(710  , message.packed_sfixed64(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(711  , message.packed_float   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(712  , message.packed_double  (1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.packed_bool    (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.packed_enum(1));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectUnpackedFieldsSet(
      const unittest::TestUnpackedTypes& message) {
    // The values expected here must match those of ExpectPackedFieldsSet.
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_enum_size    ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , message.unpacked_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , message.unpacked_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , message.unpacked_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , message.unpacked_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , message.unpacked_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , message.unpacked_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , message.unpacked_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , message.unpacked_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , message.unpacked_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , message.unpacked_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , message.unpacked_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , message.unpacked_double  (0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.unpacked_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR, message.unpacked_enum(0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(701  , message.unpacked_int32   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(702  , message.unpacked_int64   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(703  , message.unpacked_uint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(704  , message.unpacked_uint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(705  , message.unpacked_sint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(706  , message.unpacked_sint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(707  , message.unpacked_fixed32 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(708  , message.unpacked_fixed64 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(709  , message.unpacked_sfixed32(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(710  , message.unpacked_sfixed64(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(711  , message.unpacked_float   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(712  , message.unpacked_double  (1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.unpacked_bool    (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.unpacked_enum(1));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectPackedClear(
      const unittest::TestPackedTypes& message) {
    // Packed repeated fields are empty.
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_int32_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_int64_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_uint32_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_uint64_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sint32_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sint64_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_fixed32_size ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_fixed64_size ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_float_size   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_double_size  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_bool_size    ());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_enum_size    ());
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsModified(
      const unittest::TestPackedTypes& message) {
    // Do the same for packed repeated fields.
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_enum_size    ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , message.packed_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , message.packed_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , message.packed_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , message.packed_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , message.packed_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , message.packed_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , message.packed_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , message.packed_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , message.packed_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , message.packed_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , message.packed_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , message.packed_double  (0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.packed_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR, message.packed_enum(0));
    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
    EXPECT_EQ(801  , message.packed_int32   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(802  , message.packed_int64   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(803  , message.packed_uint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(804  , message.packed_uint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(805  , message.packed_sint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(806  , message.packed_sint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(807  , message.packed_fixed32 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(808  , message.packed_fixed64 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(809  , message.packed_sfixed32(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(810  , message.packed_sfixed64(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(811  , message.packed_float   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(812  , message.packed_double  (1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.packed_bool    (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO, message.packed_enum(1));
  }
  
  // ===================================================================
  // Extensions
  //
  // All this code is exactly equivalent to the above code except that it's
  // manipulating extension fields instead of normal ones.
  //
  // I gave up on the 80-char limit here.  Sorry.
  
  void TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(unittest::TestAllExtensions* message) {
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension   , 101);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension   , 102);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension  , 103);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension  , 104);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension  , 105);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension  , 106);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension , 107);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension , 108);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension, 109);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension, 110);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension   , 111);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension  , 112);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension    , true);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension  , "115");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension   , "116");
  
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension           )->set_a(117);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension )->set_bb(118);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension)->set_c(119);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension )->set_d(120);
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension , unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension, unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      );
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension , unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ);
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_string_piece_extension, "124");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension, "125");
  
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension)->set_e(126);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension)->set_bb(127);
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 201);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 202);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 203);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 204);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 205);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 206);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 207);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 208);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 209);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 210);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 211);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 212);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , true);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , "215");
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , "216");
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           )->set_a(217);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension )->set_bb(218);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension)->set_c(219);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension )->set_d(220);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   )->set_bb(227);
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      );
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR);
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, "224");
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, "225");
  
    // Add a second one of each field.
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 301);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 302);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 303);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 304);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 305);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 306);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 307);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 308);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 309);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 310);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 311);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 312);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , false);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , "315");
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , "316");
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           )->set_a(317);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension )->set_bb(318);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension)->set_c(319);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension )->set_d(320);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   )->set_bb(327);
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      );
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ);
  
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, "324");
    message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, "325");
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension   , 401);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension   , 402);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension  , 403);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension  , 404);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension  , 405);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension  , 406);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension , 407);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension , 408);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension, 409);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension, 410);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_float_extension   , 411);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_double_extension  , 412);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension    , false);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_string_extension  , "415");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension   , "416");
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension , unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension, unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      );
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension , unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO);
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_string_piece_extension, "424");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::default_cord_extension, "425");
  
    SetOneofFields(message);
  }
  
  void TestUtil::SetOneofFields(unittest::TestAllExtensions* message) {
    message->SetExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension, 601);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension)->set_bb(602);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension, "603");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension, "604");
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(
      unittest::TestFieldOrderings* message) {
    GOOGLE_CHECK(message);
    message->set_my_int(1);
    message->set_my_string("foo");
    message->set_my_float(1.0);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::my_extension_int, 23);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::my_extension_string, "bar");
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedExtensions(unittest::TestAllExtensions* message) {
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 1, 501);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 1, 502);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 1, 503);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 1, 504);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 1, 505);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 1, 506);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 1, 507);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 1, 508);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1, 509);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1, 510);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 1, 511);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 1, 512);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 1, true);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 1, "515");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 1, "516");
  
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 1)->set_a(517);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 1)->set_bb(518);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1)->set_c(519);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 1)->set_d(520);
    message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 1)->set_bb(527);
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 1, unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1, unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      );
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 1, unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO);
  
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1, "524");
    message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 1, "525");
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(
      const unittest::TestAllExtensions& message) {
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension                 ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension       ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension      ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension       ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension         ));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension                 ).has_a());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension       ).has_bb());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension      ).has_c());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension       ).has_d());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension).has_e());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension         ).has_bb());
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(101  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(102  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(103  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(104  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(105  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(106  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(107  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(108  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(109  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(110  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(111  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(112  , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ("115", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ("116", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(117, message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension           ).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(118, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension ).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(119, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(120, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension ).d());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("124", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ("125", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(126, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension ).e());
    EXPECT_EQ(127, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension).bb());
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension    ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 0).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("224", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(301  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(302  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(303  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(304  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(305  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(306  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(307  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(308  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(309  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(310  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(311  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(312  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("315", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("316", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(317, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 1).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(318, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 1).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(319, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(320, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 1).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(327, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 1).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("324", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("325", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 1));
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(401  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(402  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(403  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(404  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(405  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(406  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(407  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(408  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(409  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(410  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(411  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(412  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ("415", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ("416", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("424", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ("425", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension).has_bb());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension));
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601, message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(602, message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ("603", message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ("604", message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(
      const unittest::TestAllExtensions& message) {
    string serialized;
    ASSERT_TRUE(message.SerializeToString(&serialized));
    EXPECT_EQ("", serialized);
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
  
    // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension                 ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension       ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension      ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension       ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension         ));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension));
  
    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ(""   , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(""   , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension   ));
  
    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension                 ).has_a());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension       ).has_bb());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension      ).has_c());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension       ).has_d());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension).has_e());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension         ).has_bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension                 ).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension       ).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension      ).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension       ).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension).e());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension         ).bb());
  
    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      , message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension));
  
    // Repeated fields are empty.
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension    ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_cord_extension));
  
    // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_cord_extension));
  
    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
    EXPECT_EQ( 41    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 42    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 43    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 44    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(-45    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 46    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 47    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 48    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 49    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(-50    , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ( 51.5  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ( 52e3  , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_TRUE(       message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_string_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ("world", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.GetExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("abc", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_string_piece_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ("123", message.GetExtension(unittest::default_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension).has_bb());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension));
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(
      const unittest::TestAllExtensions& message) {
    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
    // element and size were *not* modified.
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension    ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 0).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("224", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
  
    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
    EXPECT_EQ(501  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(502  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(503  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(504  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(505  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(506  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(507  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(508  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(509  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(510  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(511  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(512  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("515", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("516", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(517, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 1).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(518, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 1).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(519, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(520, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 1).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(527, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 1).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_FOO, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("524", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("525", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 1));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(unittest::TestPackedExtensions* message) {
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 601);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 602);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 603);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 604);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 605);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 606);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 607);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 608);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 609);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 610);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 611);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 612);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , true);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension, unittest::FOREIGN_BAR);
    // add a second one of each field
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 701);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 702);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 703);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 704);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 705);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 706);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 707);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 708);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 709);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 710);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 711);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 712);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , false);
    message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension, unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ModifyPackedExtensions(unittest::TestPackedExtensions* message) {
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 1, 801);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 1, 802);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 1, 803);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 1, 804);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 1, 805);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 1, 806);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 1, 807);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 1, 808);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 1, 809);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 1, 810);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 1, 811);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 1, 812);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , 1, true);
    message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension    , 1,
                          unittest::FOREIGN_FOO);
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(
      const unittest::TestPackedExtensions& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_enum_extension    ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR,
              message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(701  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(702  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(703  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(704  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(705  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(706  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(707  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(708  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(709  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(710  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(711  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(712  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ,
              message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension, 1));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(
      const unittest::TestPackedExtensions& message) {
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int32_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int64_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_float_extension   ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_double_extension  ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_bool_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_enum_extension    ));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsModified(
      const unittest::TestPackedExtensions& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_enum_extension    ));
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR,
              message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension, 0));
  
    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
    EXPECT_EQ(801  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(802  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(803  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(804  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(805  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(806  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(807  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(808  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(809  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(810  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(811  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(812  , message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension    , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_FOO,
              message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension, 1));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectUnpackedExtensionsSet(
      const unittest::TestUnpackedExtensions& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::unpacked_enum_extension    ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(true , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR,
              message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_enum_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(701  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_int32_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(702  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_int64_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(703  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_uint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(704  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_uint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(705  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(706  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(707  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_fixed32_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(708  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_fixed64_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(709  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sfixed32_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(710  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_sfixed64_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(711  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_float_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(712  , message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_double_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(false, message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_bool_extension    , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ,
              message.GetExtension(unittest::unpacked_enum_extension, 1));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(const string& serialized) {
    // We set each field individually, serialize separately, and concatenate all
    // the strings in canonical order to determine the expected serialization.
    string expected;
    unittest::TestFieldOrderings message;
    message.set_my_int(1);  // Field 1.
    message.AppendToString(&expected);
    message.Clear();
    message.SetExtension(unittest::my_extension_int, 23);  // Field 5.
    message.AppendToString(&expected);
    message.Clear();
    message.set_my_string("foo");  // Field 11.
    message.AppendToString(&expected);
    message.Clear();
    message.SetExtension(unittest::my_extension_string, "bar");  // Field 50.
    message.AppendToString(&expected);
    message.Clear();
    message.set_my_float(1.0);  // Field 101.
    message.AppendToString(&expected);
    message.Clear();
  
    // We don't EXPECT_EQ() since we don't want to print raw bytes to stdout.
    EXPECT_TRUE(serialized == expected);
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedsRemoved(
      const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_string_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_bytes_size   ());
  
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeatedgroup_size           ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_enum_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_enum_size    ());
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_cord_size());
  #endif
  
    // Test that the remaining element is the correct one.
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.repeated_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.repeated_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.repeated_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.repeated_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.repeated_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.repeated_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.repeated_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.repeated_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.repeated_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.repeated_double  (0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.repeated_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes   (0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup           (0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message (0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum (0));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsRemoved(
      const unittest::TestAllExtensions& message) {
  
    // Test that one element was removed.
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension    ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_cord_extension));
  
    // Test that the remaining element is the correct one.
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 0).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("224", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedsReleased(
      const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeatedgroup_size           ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup           (0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message (0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsReleased(
      const unittest::TestAllExtensions& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   ));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 0).bb());
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedsSwapped(
      const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size  ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size   ());
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size           ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size    ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size   ());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size    ());
  
  #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_cord_size());
  #endif
  
    // Test that the first element and second element are flipped.
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.repeated_int32   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.repeated_int64   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.repeated_uint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.repeated_uint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.repeated_sint32  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.repeated_sint64  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.repeated_fixed32 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.repeated_fixed64 (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.repeated_float   (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.repeated_double  (1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.repeated_bool    (1));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string  (1));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes   (1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup           (1).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message (1).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (1).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message (1).d());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum (1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum (1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(301  , message.repeated_int32   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(302  , message.repeated_int64   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(303  , message.repeated_uint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(304  , message.repeated_uint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(305  , message.repeated_sint32  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(306  , message.repeated_sint64  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(307  , message.repeated_fixed32 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(308  , message.repeated_fixed64 (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(309  , message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(310  , message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(311  , message.repeated_float   (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(312  , message.repeated_double  (0));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.repeated_bool    (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("315", message.repeated_string  (0));
    EXPECT_EQ("316", message.repeated_bytes   (0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(317, message.repeatedgroup           (0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(318, message.repeated_nested_message (0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(319, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message (0).d());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum (0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      , message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ, message.repeated_import_enum (0));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsSwapped(
      const unittest::TestAllExtensions& message) {
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension  ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension    ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension   ));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension    ));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_cord_extension));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 1).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(218, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 1).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(219, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(220, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 1).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(227, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 1).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAR, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("224", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(301  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(302  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(303  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(304  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(305  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(306  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(307  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(308  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(309  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(310  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(311  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension   , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(312  , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension    , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("315", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension  , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("316", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension   , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(317, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension           , 0).a());
    EXPECT_EQ(318, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension , 0).bb());
    EXPECT_EQ(319, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0).c());
    EXPECT_EQ(320, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension , 0).d());
    EXPECT_EQ(327, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension   , 0).bb());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension , 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ      , message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_BAZ, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension , 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("324", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("325", message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::SetOneof1(unittest::TestOneof2* message) {
    message->mutable_foo_lazy_message()->set_qux_int(100);
    message->set_bar_string("101");
    message->set_baz_int(102);
    message->set_baz_string("103");
  }
  
  void TestUtil::SetOneof2(unittest::TestOneof2* message) {
    message->set_foo_int(200);
    message->set_bar_enum(unittest::TestOneof2::BAZ);
    message->set_baz_int(202);
    message->set_baz_string("203");
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(const unittest::TestOneof2& message) {
    ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_lazy_message          ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.foo_lazy_message().has_qux_int());
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_bar_string());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_int   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_string());
  
    ASSERT_EQ(0, message.foo_lazy_message().corge_int_size());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(100  , message.foo_lazy_message().qux_int());
    EXPECT_EQ("101", message.bar_string                ());
    EXPECT_EQ(102  , message.baz_int                   ());
    EXPECT_EQ("103", message.baz_string                ());
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(const unittest::TestOneof2& message) {
    ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_bar_enum  ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_int   ());
    EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_string());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(200                      , message.foo_int   ());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestOneof2::BAZ, message.bar_enum  ());
    EXPECT_EQ(202                      , message.baz_int   ());
    EXPECT_EQ("203"                    , message.baz_string());
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(const unittest::TestOneof2& message) {
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_int());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_bytes());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_enum());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foogroup());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_lazy_message());
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_int());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_string());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_bytes());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_enum());
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_baz_int());
    EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_baz_string());
  
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestOneof2::FOO_NOT_SET, message.foo_case());
    EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestOneof2::BAR_NOT_SET, message.bar_case());
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(
      const unittest::TestOneof2& message) {
    int count = 0;
    if (message.has_foo_int()) count++;
    if (message.has_foo_string()) count++;
    if (message.has_foo_bytes()) count++;
    if (message.has_foo_enum()) count++;
    if (message.has_foo_message()) count++;
    if (message.has_foogroup()) count++;
    if (message.has_foo_lazy_message()) count++;
    EXPECT_LE(count, 1);
    count = 0;
    if (message.has_bar_int()) count++;
    if (message.has_bar_string()) count++;
    if (message.has_bar_bytes()) count++;
    if (message.has_bar_enum()) count++;
    EXPECT_TRUE(count == 0 || count == 1);
  }
  
  // ===================================================================
  
  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ReflectionTester(
      const Descriptor* base_descriptor)
    : base_descriptor_(base_descriptor) {
  
    const DescriptorPool* pool = base_descriptor->file()->pool();
  
    nested_b_ =
      pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.bb");
    foreign_c_ =
      pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest.ForeignMessage.c");
    import_d_ =
      pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage.d");
    import_e_ =
      pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage.e");
    nested_foo_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.FOO");
    nested_bar_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.BAR");
    nested_baz_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.BAZ");
    foreign_foo_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest.FOREIGN_FOO");
    foreign_bar_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest.FOREIGN_BAR");
    foreign_baz_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest.FOREIGN_BAZ");
    import_foo_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest_import.IMPORT_FOO");
    import_bar_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest_import.IMPORT_BAR");
    import_baz_ =
      pool->FindEnumValueByName("protobuf_unittest_import.IMPORT_BAZ");
  
    if (base_descriptor_->name() == "TestAllExtensions") {
      group_a_ =
        pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest.OptionalGroup_extension.a");
      repeated_group_a_ =
        pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest.RepeatedGroup_extension.a");
    } else {
      group_a_ =
        pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.a");
      repeated_group_a_ =
        pool->FindFieldByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.a");
    }
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(group_a_          != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(repeated_group_a_ != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(nested_b_         != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_c_        != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(import_d_         != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(import_e_         != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(nested_foo_       != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(nested_bar_       != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(nested_baz_       != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_foo_      != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_bar_      != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_baz_      != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(import_foo_       != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(import_bar_       != NULL);
    EXPECT_TRUE(import_baz_       != NULL);
  }
  
  // Shorthand to get a FieldDescriptor for a field of unittest::TestAllTypes.
  const FieldDescriptor* TestUtil::ReflectionTester::F(const string& name) {
    const FieldDescriptor* result = NULL;
    if (base_descriptor_->name() == "TestAllExtensions" ||
        base_descriptor_->name() == "TestPackedExtensions") {
      result = base_descriptor_->file()->FindExtensionByName(name + "_extension");
    } else {
      result = base_descriptor_->FindFieldByName(name);
    }
    GOOGLE_CHECK(result != NULL);
    return result;
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetAllFieldsViaReflection(Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
    Message* sub_message;
  
    reflection->SetInt32 (message, F("optional_int32"   ), 101);
    reflection->SetInt64 (message, F("optional_int64"   ), 102);
    reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("optional_uint32"  ), 103);
    reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("optional_uint64"  ), 104);
    reflection->SetInt32 (message, F("optional_sint32"  ), 105);
    reflection->SetInt64 (message, F("optional_sint64"  ), 106);
    reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("optional_fixed32" ), 107);
    reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("optional_fixed64" ), 108);
    reflection->SetInt32 (message, F("optional_sfixed32"), 109);
    reflection->SetInt64 (message, F("optional_sfixed64"), 110);
    reflection->SetFloat (message, F("optional_float"   ), 111);
    reflection->SetDouble(message, F("optional_double"  ), 112);
    reflection->SetBool  (message, F("optional_bool"    ), true);
    reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_string"  ), "115");
    reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_bytes"   ), "116");
  
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, group_a_, 117);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 118);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 119);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 120);
  
    reflection->SetEnum(message, F("optional_nested_enum" ),  nested_baz_);
    reflection->SetEnum(message, F("optional_foreign_enum"), foreign_baz_);
    reflection->SetEnum(message, F("optional_import_enum" ),  import_baz_);
  
    reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_string_piece"), "124");
    reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_cord"), "125");
  
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_e_, 126);
  
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 127);
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("repeated_int32"   ), 201);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("repeated_int64"   ), 202);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"  ), 203);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"  ), 204);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("repeated_sint32"  ), 205);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("repeated_sint64"  ), 206);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32" ), 207);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64" ), 208);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 209);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 210);
    reflection->AddFloat (message, F("repeated_float"   ), 211);
    reflection->AddDouble(message, F("repeated_double"  ), 212);
    reflection->AddBool  (message, F("repeated_bool"    ), true);
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string"  ), "215");
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_bytes"   ), "216");
  
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, repeated_group_a_, 217);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 218);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 219);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 220);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 227);
  
    reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum" ),  nested_bar_);
    reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreign_bar_);
    reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum" ),  import_bar_);
  
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), "224");
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_cord"), "225");
  
    // Add a second one of each field.
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("repeated_int32"   ), 301);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("repeated_int64"   ), 302);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"  ), 303);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"  ), 304);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("repeated_sint32"  ), 305);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("repeated_sint64"  ), 306);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32" ), 307);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64" ), 308);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 309);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 310);
    reflection->AddFloat (message, F("repeated_float"   ), 311);
    reflection->AddDouble(message, F("repeated_double"  ), 312);
    reflection->AddBool  (message, F("repeated_bool"    ), false);
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string"  ), "315");
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_bytes"   ), "316");
  
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, repeated_group_a_, 317);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 318);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 319);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 320);
    sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 327);
  
    reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum" ),  nested_baz_);
    reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreign_baz_);
    reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum" ),  import_baz_);
  
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), "324");
    reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_cord"), "325");
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    reflection->SetInt32 (message, F("default_int32"   ), 401);
    reflection->SetInt64 (message, F("default_int64"   ), 402);
    reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("default_uint32"  ), 403);
    reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("default_uint64"  ), 404);
    reflection->SetInt32 (message, F("default_sint32"  ), 405);
    reflection->SetInt64 (message, F("default_sint64"  ), 406);
    reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("default_fixed32" ), 407);
    reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("default_fixed64" ), 408);
    reflection->SetInt32 (message, F("default_sfixed32"), 409);
    reflection->SetInt64 (message, F("default_sfixed64"), 410);
    reflection->SetFloat (message, F("default_float"   ), 411);
    reflection->SetDouble(message, F("default_double"  ), 412);
    reflection->SetBool  (message, F("default_bool"    ), false);
    reflection->SetString(message, F("default_string"  ), "415");
    reflection->SetString(message, F("default_bytes"   ), "416");
  
    reflection->SetEnum(message, F("default_nested_enum" ),  nested_foo_);
    reflection->SetEnum(message, F("default_foreign_enum"), foreign_foo_);
    reflection->SetEnum(message, F("default_import_enum" ),  import_foo_);
  
    reflection->SetString(message, F("default_string_piece"), "424");
    reflection->SetString(message, F("default_cord"), "425");
  
    reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("oneof_uint32"   ), 601);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("oneof_nested_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 602);
    reflection->SetString(message, F("oneof_string"), "603");
    reflection->SetString(message, F("oneof_bytes" ), "604");
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(Message* message) {
    const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
    Message* sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(
        sub_message,
        descriptor->file()->pool()->FindFieldByName(
            "protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2.NestedMessage.qux_int"),
        100);
  
    reflection->SetString(message,
                          descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord"),
                          "101");
    reflection->SetInt32(message,
                          descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_int"),
                         102);
    reflection->SetString(message,
                          descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string"),
                          "103");
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectOneofSetViaReflection(
      const Message& message) {
    const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
    string scratch;
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_int")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string")));
  
    const Message* sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
    EXPECT_EQ(100, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(
        *sub_message,
        descriptor->file()->pool()->FindFieldByName(
            "protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2.NestedMessage.qux_int")));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("101", reflection->GetString(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
    EXPECT_EQ("101", reflection->GetStringReference(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord"), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(102, reflection->GetInt32(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_int")));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("103", reflection->GetString(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string")));
    EXPECT_EQ("103", reflection->GetStringReference(
        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string"), &scratch));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetPackedFieldsViaReflection(
      Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("packed_int32"   ), 601);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("packed_int64"   ), 602);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"  ), 603);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"  ), 604);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("packed_sint32"  ), 605);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("packed_sint64"  ), 606);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32" ), 607);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64" ), 608);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 609);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 610);
    reflection->AddFloat (message, F("packed_float"   ), 611);
    reflection->AddDouble(message, F("packed_double"  ), 612);
    reflection->AddBool  (message, F("packed_bool"    ), true);
    reflection->AddEnum  (message, F("packed_enum"    ), foreign_bar_);
  
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("packed_int32"   ), 701);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("packed_int64"   ), 702);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"  ), 703);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"  ), 704);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("packed_sint32"  ), 705);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("packed_sint64"  ), 706);
    reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32" ), 707);
    reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64" ), 708);
    reflection->AddInt32 (message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 709);
    reflection->AddInt64 (message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 710);
    reflection->AddFloat (message, F("packed_float"   ), 711);
    reflection->AddDouble(message, F("packed_double"  ), 712);
    reflection->AddBool  (message, F("packed_bool"    ), false);
    reflection->AddEnum  (message, F("packed_enum"    ), foreign_baz_);
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(
      const Message& message) {
    // We have to split this into three function otherwise it creates a stack
    // frame so large that it triggers a warning.
    ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection1(message);
    ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection2(message);
    ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection3(message);
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection1(
      const Message& message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
    string scratch;
    const Message* sub_message;
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_float"   )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_double"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optionalgroup"                 )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_message"       )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_message"      )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_message"       )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_public_import_message")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_lazy_message"         )));
  
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, group_a_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_d_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_e_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_cord")));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(101  , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("optional_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(102  , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("optional_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(103  , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(104  , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(105  , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("optional_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(106  , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("optional_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(107  , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(108  , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(109  , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_EQ(110  , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_EQ(111  , reflection->GetFloat (message, F("optional_float"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(112  , reflection->GetDouble(message, F("optional_double"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     reflection->GetBool  (message, F("optional_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ("115", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ("116", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("115", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string"), &scratch));
    EXPECT_EQ("116", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_bytes" ), &scratch));
  
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
    EXPECT_EQ(117, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, group_a_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
    EXPECT_EQ(118, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
    EXPECT_EQ(119, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
    EXPECT_EQ(120, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
    EXPECT_EQ(126, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_e_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
    EXPECT_EQ(127, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
  
    EXPECT_EQ( nested_baz_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_baz_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_EQ( import_baz_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("124", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_EQ("124", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string_piece"), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("125", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_cord")));
    EXPECT_EQ("125", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_cord"), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_bytes" )));
    EXPECT_EQ("604", reflection->GetString(message, F("oneof_bytes"   )));
  
    if (base_descriptor_->name() == "TestAllTypes") {
      EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_uint32")));
      EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_string")));
    } else {
      EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_uint32")));
      EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_string")));
      EXPECT_EQ(601  , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("oneof_uint32")));
      EXPECT_EQ("603", reflection->GetString(message, F("oneof_string")));
      sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("oneof_nested_message"));
      EXPECT_EQ(602, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    }
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection2(
      const Message& message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
    string scratch;
    const Message* sub_message;
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int32"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int64"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint32"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint64"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint32"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint64"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed32" )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed64" )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed32")));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed64")));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_float"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_double"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bool"    )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bytes"   )));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeatedgroup"           )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_message" )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_message")));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_message" )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"    )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_enum"    )));
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string_piece")));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_cord")));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(201  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_int32"   ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(202  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_int64"   ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(203  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(204  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(205  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_sint32"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(206  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_sint64"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(207  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32" ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(208  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64" ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(209  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(210  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(211  , reflection->GetRepeatedFloat (message, F("repeated_float"   ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(212  , reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("repeated_double"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     reflection->GetRepeatedBool  (message, F("repeated_bool"    ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("215", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_bytes"   ), 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("215", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, F("repeated_string"), 0, &scratch));
    EXPECT_EQ("216", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, F("repeated_bytes"), 0, &scratch));
  
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(217, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, repeated_group_a_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(218, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(219, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(220, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(227, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
  
    EXPECT_EQ( nested_bar_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum" ),0));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_bar_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"),0));
    EXPECT_EQ( import_bar_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum" ),0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("224", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("224", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
                          message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 0, &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("225", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_cord"), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ("225", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
                          message, F("repeated_cord"), 0, &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(301  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_int32"   ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(302  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_int64"   ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(303  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(304  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(305  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_sint32"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(306  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_sint64"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(307  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32" ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(308  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64" ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(309  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(310  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(311  , reflection->GetRepeatedFloat (message, F("repeated_float"   ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(312  , reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("repeated_double"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    reflection->GetRepeatedBool  (message, F("repeated_bool"    ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("315", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("316", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_bytes"   ), 1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("315", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, F("repeated_string"),
                                                            1, &scratch));
    EXPECT_EQ("316", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, F("repeated_bytes"),
                                                            1, &scratch));
  
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(317, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, repeated_group_a_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(318, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(319, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(320, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(327, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
  
    EXPECT_EQ( nested_baz_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum" ),1));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_baz_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"),1));
    EXPECT_EQ( import_baz_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum" ),1));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("324", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("324", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
                          message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 1, &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("325", reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_cord"), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ("325", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
                          message, F("repeated_cord"), 1, &scratch));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection3(
      const Message& message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
    string scratch;
  
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_float"   )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_double"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_cord")));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(401  , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("default_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(402  , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("default_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(403  , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(404  , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(405  , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("default_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(406  , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("default_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(407  , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(408  , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(409  , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("default_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_EQ(410  , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("default_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_EQ(411  , reflection->GetFloat (message, F("default_float"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(412  , reflection->GetDouble(message, F("default_double"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    reflection->GetBool  (message, F("default_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ("415", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ("416", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("415", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_string"), &scratch));
    EXPECT_EQ("416", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_bytes" ), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ( nested_foo_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_foo_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_EQ( import_foo_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("424", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_EQ("424", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_string_piece"),
                                                    &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("425", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_cord")));
    EXPECT_EQ("425", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_cord"), &scratch));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(
      const Message& message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
  
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_int32"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_int64"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_uint32"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_uint64"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sint32"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sint64"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_fixed32" )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_fixed64" )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sfixed32")));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sfixed64")));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_float"   )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_double"  )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_bool"    )));
    ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_enum"    )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(601  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_int32"   ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(602  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_int64"   ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(603  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(604  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(605  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_sint32"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(606  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_sint64"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(607  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32" ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(608  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64" ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(609  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(610  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(611  , reflection->GetRepeatedFloat (message, F("packed_float"   ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(612  , reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("packed_double"  ), 0));
    EXPECT_TRUE(     reflection->GetRepeatedBool  (message, F("packed_bool"    ), 0));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_bar_,
              reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("packed_enum"), 0));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(701  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_int32"   ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(702  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_int64"   ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(703  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(704  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(705  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_sint32"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(706  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_sint64"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(707  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32" ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(708  , reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64" ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(709  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(710  , reflection->GetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(711  , reflection->GetRepeatedFloat (message, F("packed_float"   ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(712  , reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("packed_double"  ), 1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    reflection->GetRepeatedBool  (message, F("packed_bool"    ), 1));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_baz_,
              reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("packed_enum"), 1));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectClearViaReflection(
      const Message& message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
    string scratch;
    const Message* sub_message;
  
    // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_float"   )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_double"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optionalgroup"           )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_message" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_message")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_message" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_public_import_message")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_lazy_message")));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_cord")));
  
    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("optional_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("optional_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("optional_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("optional_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetFloat (message, F("optional_float"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0    , reflection->GetDouble(message, F("optional_double"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(    reflection->GetBool  (message, F("optional_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ(""   , reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(""   , reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string"), &scratch));
    EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_bytes" ), &scratch));
  
    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, group_a_));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, group_a_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_d_));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_e_));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_e_));
    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
    EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
  
    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
    EXPECT_EQ( nested_foo_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_foo_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_EQ( import_foo_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string_piece"), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_cord")));
    EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_cord"), &scratch));
  
    // Repeated fields are empty.
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_float"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_double"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeatedgroup"           )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_message" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_message")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_message" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_enum"    )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_cord")));
  
    // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_float"   )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_double"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string"  )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_cord")));
  
    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
    EXPECT_EQ( 41    , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("default_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 42    , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("default_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 43    , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 44    , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(-45    , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("default_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 46    , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("default_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 47    , reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 48    , reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 49    , reflection->GetInt32 (message, F("default_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_EQ(-50    , reflection->GetInt64 (message, F("default_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_EQ( 51.5  , reflection->GetFloat (message, F("default_float"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ( 52e3  , reflection->GetDouble(message, F("default_double"  )));
    EXPECT_TRUE(       reflection->GetBool  (message, F("default_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ("hello", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ("world", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_bytes"   )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("hello", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_string"), &scratch));
    EXPECT_EQ("world", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_bytes" ), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ( nested_bar_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_nested_enum" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(foreign_bar_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
    EXPECT_EQ( import_bar_, reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_import_enum" )));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("abc", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string_piece")));
    EXPECT_EQ("abc", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_string_piece"), &scratch));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("123", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_cord")));
    EXPECT_EQ("123", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_cord"), &scratch));
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectPackedClearViaReflection(
      const Message& message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
  
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_int32"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_int64"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_uint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_uint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sint32"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sint64"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_fixed32" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_fixed64" )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sfixed32")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sfixed64")));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_float"   )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_double"  )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_bool"    )));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_enum"    )));
  }
  
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ModifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(
      Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
    Message* sub_message;
  
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_int32"   ), 1, 501);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_int64"   ), 1, 502);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"  ), 1, 503);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"  ), 1, 504);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_sint32"  ), 1, 505);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_sint64"  ), 1, 506);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32" ), 1, 507);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64" ), 1, 508);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 1, 509);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 1, 510);
    reflection->SetRepeatedFloat (message, F("repeated_float"   ), 1, 511);
    reflection->SetRepeatedDouble(message, F("repeated_double"  ), 1, 512);
    reflection->SetRepeatedBool  (message, F("repeated_bool"    ), 1, true);
    reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string"  ), 1, "515");
    reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_bytes"   ), 1, "516");
  
    sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"), 1);
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, repeated_group_a_, 517);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 1);
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 518);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"), 1);
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 519);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"), 1);
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 520);
    sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"), 1);
    sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 527);
  
    reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum" ), 1,  nested_foo_);
    reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1, foreign_foo_);
    reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum" ), 1,  import_foo_);
  
    reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 1, "524");
    reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_cord"), 1, "525");
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ModifyPackedFieldsViaReflection(
      Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_int32"   ), 1, 801);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_int64"   ), 1, 802);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"  ), 1, 803);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"  ), 1, 804);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_sint32"  ), 1, 805);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_sint64"  ), 1, 806);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32" ), 1, 807);
    reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64" ), 1, 808);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt32 (message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 1, 809);
    reflection->SetRepeatedInt64 (message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 1, 810);
    reflection->SetRepeatedFloat (message, F("packed_float"   ), 1, 811);
    reflection->SetRepeatedDouble(message, F("packed_double"  ), 1, 812);
    reflection->SetRepeatedBool  (message, F("packed_bool"    ), 1, true);
    reflection->SetRepeatedEnum  (message, F("packed_enum"    ), 1, foreign_foo_);
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::RemoveLastRepeatedsViaReflection(
      Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
  
    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
    reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
    for (int i=0; i<output.size(); ++i) {
      const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
      if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
  
      reflection->RemoveLast(message, field);
    }
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ReleaseLastRepeatedsViaReflection(
      Message* message, bool expect_extensions_notnull) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
  
    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
    reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
    for (int i=0; i<output.size(); ++i) {
      const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
      if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
      if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) continue;
  
      Message* released = reflection->ReleaseLast(message, field);
      if (!field->is_extension() || expect_extensions_notnull) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(released != NULL) << "ReleaseLast returned NULL for: "
                                      << field->name();
      }
      delete released;
    }
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
  
    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
    reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
    for (int i=0; i<output.size(); ++i) {
      const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
      if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
  
      reflection->SwapElements(message, field, 0, 1);
    }
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
  SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(
      Message* message) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
  
    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
    reflection->ListFields(*message, &fields);
  
    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
      const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
      if (!field->is_optional() ||
          field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) continue;
  
      reflection->SetAllocatedMessage(message, NULL, field);
    }
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
  SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
      Message* from_message,
      Message* to_message) {
    EXPECT_EQ(from_message->GetDescriptor(), to_message->GetDescriptor());
    const Reflection* from_reflection = from_message->GetReflection();
    const Reflection* to_reflection = to_message->GetReflection();
  
    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
    from_reflection->ListFields(*from_message, &fields);
  
    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
      const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
      if (!field->is_optional() ||
          field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) continue;
  
      Message* sub_message =
          from_reflection->ReleaseMessage(from_message, field);
      to_reflection->SetAllocatedMessage(to_message, sub_message, field);
    }
  }
  
  void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
      Message* message,
      TestUtil::ReflectionTester::MessageReleaseState expected_release_state) {
    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
  
    static const char* fields[] = {
      "optionalgroup",
      "optional_nested_message",
      "optional_foreign_message",
      "optional_import_message",
    };
    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(fields); i++) {
      const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(*message, F(fields[i]));
      Message* released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(message, F(fields[i]));
      switch (expected_release_state) {
        case IS_NULL:
          EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
          break;
        case NOT_NULL:
          EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
          EXPECT_EQ(&sub_message, released);
          break;
        case CAN_BE_NULL:
          break;
      }
      delete released;
      EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(*message, F(fields[i])));
    }
  }
  
  }  // namespace protobuf
  }  // namespace google
  