text: /* Execute compiled code */
  
  /* XXX TO DO:
     XXX speed up searching for keywords by using a dictionary
     XXX document it!
     */
  
  /* enable more aggressive intra-module optimizations, where available */
  /* affects both release and debug builds - see bpo-43271 */
  #define PY_LOCAL_AGGRESSIVE
  
  #include "Python.h"
  #include "pycore_abstract.h"      // _PyIndex_Check()
  #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_FastCallDictTstate()
  #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_SignalAsyncExc()
  #include "pycore_code.h"
  #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
  #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetZero()
  #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_TRACK()
  #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"
  #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_Fetch()
  #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _PyErr_Print()
  #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyMem_IsPtrFreed()
  #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
  #include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_Audit()
  #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_ITEMS()
  
  #include "code.h"
  #include "pycore_dict.h"
  #include "dictobject.h"
  #include "frameobject.h"
  #include "pycore_frame.h"
  #include "opcode.h"
  #include "pydtrace.h"
  #include "setobject.h"
  #include "structmember.h"         // struct PyMemberDef, T_OFFSET_EX
  
  #include <ctype.h>
  
  #ifdef Py_DEBUG
  /* For debugging the interpreter: */
  #define LLTRACE  1      /* Low-level trace feature */
  #define CHECKEXC 1      /* Double-check exception checking */
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE)
  #  error "ceval.c must be build with Py_BUILD_CORE define for best performance"
  #endif
  
  _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
  
  /* Forward declarations */
  Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *) call_function(
      PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject ***pp_stack,
      Py_ssize_t oparg, PyObject *kwnames, int use_tracing);
  static PyObject * do_call_core(
      PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func,
      PyObject *callargs, PyObject *kwdict, int use_tracing);
  
  #ifdef LLTRACE
  static int lltrace;
  static int prtrace(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, const char *);
  #endif
  static int call_trace(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *,
                        PyThreadState *, InterpreterFrame *,
                        int, PyObject *);
  static int call_trace_protected(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *,
                                  PyThreadState *, InterpreterFrame *,
                                  int, PyObject *);
  static void call_exc_trace(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *,
                             PyThreadState *, InterpreterFrame *);
  static int maybe_call_line_trace(Py_tracefunc, PyObject *,
                                   PyThreadState *, InterpreterFrame *, int);
  static void maybe_dtrace_line(InterpreterFrame *, PyTraceInfo *, int);
  static void dtrace_function_entry(InterpreterFrame *);
  static void dtrace_function_return(InterpreterFrame *);
  
  static PyObject * import_name(PyThreadState *, InterpreterFrame *,
                                PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
  static PyObject * import_from(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
  static int import_all_from(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
  static void format_exc_check_arg(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, const char *, PyObject *);
  static void format_exc_unbound(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co, int oparg);
  static PyObject * unicode_concatenate(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
                                        InterpreterFrame *, const _Py_CODEUNIT *);
  static int check_args_iterable(PyThreadState *, PyObject *func, PyObject *vararg);
  static void format_kwargs_error(PyThreadState *, PyObject *func, PyObject *kwargs);
  static void format_awaitable_error(PyThreadState *, PyTypeObject *, int, int);
  static int get_exception_handler(PyCodeObject *, int, int*, int*, int*);
  
  #define NAME_ERROR_MSG \
      "name '%.200s' is not defined"
  #define UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG \
      "cannot access local variable '%s' where it is not associated with a value"
  #define UNBOUNDFREE_ERROR_MSG \
      "cannot access free variable '%s' where it is not associated with a" \
      " value in enclosing scope"
  
  /* Dynamic execution profile */
  #ifdef DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE
  #ifdef DXPAIRS
  static long dxpairs[257][256];
  #define dxp dxpairs[256]
  #else
  static long dxp[256];
  #endif
  #endif
  
  #ifndef NDEBUG
  /* Ensure that tstate is valid: sanity check for PyEval_AcquireThread() and
     PyEval_RestoreThread(). Detect if tstate memory was freed. It can happen
     when a thread continues to run after Python finalization, especially
     daemon threads. */
  static int
  is_tstate_valid(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      assert(!_PyMem_IsPtrFreed(tstate));
      assert(!_PyMem_IsPtrFreed(tstate->interp));
      return 1;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  /* This can set eval_breaker to 0 even though gil_drop_request became
     1.  We believe this is all right because the eval loop will release
     the GIL eventually anyway. */
  static inline void
  COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                       struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval,
                       struct _ceval_state *ceval2)
  {
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->eval_breaker,
          _Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&ceval2->gil_drop_request)
          | (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&ceval->signals_pending)
             && _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals(interp))
          | (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&ceval2->pending.calls_to_do)
             && _Py_ThreadCanHandlePendingCalls())
          | ceval2->pending.async_exc);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  SET_GIL_DROP_REQUEST(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->gil_drop_request, 1);
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->eval_breaker, 1);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  RESET_GIL_DROP_REQUEST(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->gil_drop_request, 0);
      COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(interp, ceval, ceval2);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  SIGNAL_PENDING_CALLS(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->pending.calls_to_do, 1);
      COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(interp, ceval, ceval2);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  UNSIGNAL_PENDING_CALLS(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->pending.calls_to_do, 0);
      COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(interp, ceval, ceval2);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  SIGNAL_PENDING_SIGNALS(PyInterpreterState *interp, int force)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval->signals_pending, 1);
      if (force) {
          _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->eval_breaker, 1);
      }
      else {
          /* eval_breaker is not set to 1 if thread_can_handle_signals() is false */
          COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(interp, ceval, ceval2);
      }
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  UNSIGNAL_PENDING_SIGNALS(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval->signals_pending, 0);
      COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(interp, ceval, ceval2);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  SIGNAL_ASYNC_EXC(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      ceval2->pending.async_exc = 1;
      _Py_atomic_store_relaxed(&ceval2->eval_breaker, 1);
  }
  
  
  static inline void
  UNSIGNAL_ASYNC_EXC(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &interp->ceval;
      ceval2->pending.async_exc = 0;
      COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(interp, ceval, ceval2);
  }
  
  
  #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
  #include <errno.h>
  #endif
  #include "ceval_gil.h"
  
  void _Py_NO_RETURN
  _Py_FatalError_TstateNULL(const char *func)
  {
      _Py_FatalErrorFunc(func,
                         "the function must be called with the GIL held, "
                         "but the GIL is released "
                         "(the current Python thread state is NULL)");
  }
  
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
  int
  _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      return gil_created(&interp->ceval.gil);
  }
  
  int
  PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(void)
  {
      // Fatal error if there is no current interpreter
      PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
      return _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(interp);
  }
  #else
  int
  _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
  {
      return gil_created(&runtime->ceval.gil);
  }
  
  int
  PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(void)
  {
      _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
      return _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(runtime);
  }
  #endif
  
  PyStatus
  _PyEval_InitGIL(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
  #ifndef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      if (!_Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate->interp)) {
          /* Currently, the GIL is shared by all interpreters,
             and only the main interpreter is responsible to create
             and destroy it. */
          return _PyStatus_OK();
      }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = &tstate->interp->ceval.gil;
  #else
      struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = &tstate->interp->runtime->ceval.gil;
  #endif
      assert(!gil_created(gil));
  
      PyThread_init_thread();
      create_gil(gil);
  
      take_gil(tstate);
  
      assert(gil_created(gil));
      return _PyStatus_OK();
  }
  
  void
  _PyEval_FiniGIL(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
  #ifndef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      if (!_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
          /* Currently, the GIL is shared by all interpreters,
             and only the main interpreter is responsible to create
             and destroy it. */
          return;
      }
  #endif
  
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = &interp->ceval.gil;
  #else
      struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = &interp->runtime->ceval.gil;
  #endif
      if (!gil_created(gil)) {
          /* First Py_InitializeFromConfig() call: the GIL doesn't exist
             yet: do nothing. */
          return;
      }
  
      destroy_gil(gil);
      assert(!gil_created(gil));
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_InitThreads(void)
  {
      /* Do nothing: kept for backward compatibility */
  }
  
  void
  _PyEval_Fini(void)
  {
  #if SPECIALIZATION_STATS
      _Py_PrintSpecializationStats();
  #endif
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_AcquireLock(void)
  {
      _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyRuntimeState_GetThreadState(runtime);
      _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
  
      take_gil(tstate);
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_ReleaseLock(void)
  {
      _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyRuntimeState_GetThreadState(runtime);
      /* This function must succeed when the current thread state is NULL.
         We therefore avoid PyThreadState_Get() which dumps a fatal error
         in debug mode. */
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &tstate->interp->ceval;
      drop_gil(ceval, ceval2, tstate);
  }
  
  void
  _PyEval_ReleaseLock(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &tstate->interp->runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &tstate->interp->ceval;
      drop_gil(ceval, ceval2, tstate);
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_AcquireThread(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
  
      take_gil(tstate);
  
      struct _gilstate_runtime_state *gilstate = &tstate->interp->runtime->gilstate;
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      (void)_PyThreadState_Swap(gilstate, tstate);
  #else
      if (_PyThreadState_Swap(gilstate, tstate) != NULL) {
          Py_FatalError("non-NULL old thread state");
      }
  #endif
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_ReleaseThread(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
  
      _PyRuntimeState *runtime = tstate->interp->runtime;
      PyThreadState *new_tstate = _PyThreadState_Swap(&runtime->gilstate, NULL);
      if (new_tstate != tstate) {
          Py_FatalError("wrong thread state");
      }
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &tstate->interp->ceval;
      drop_gil(ceval, ceval2, tstate);
  }
  
  #ifdef HAVE_FORK
  /* This function is called from PyOS_AfterFork_Child to destroy all threads
     which are not running in the child process, and clear internal locks
     which might be held by those threads. */
  PyStatus
  _PyEval_ReInitThreads(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      _PyRuntimeState *runtime = tstate->interp->runtime;
  
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = &tstate->interp->ceval.gil;
  #else
      struct _gil_runtime_state *gil = &runtime->ceval.gil;
  #endif
      if (!gil_created(gil)) {
          return _PyStatus_OK();
      }
      recreate_gil(gil);
  
      take_gil(tstate);
  
      struct _pending_calls *pending = &tstate->interp->ceval.pending;
      if (_PyThread_at_fork_reinit(&pending->lock) < 0) {
          return _PyStatus_ERR("Can't reinitialize pending calls lock");
      }
  
      /* Destroy all threads except the current one */
      _PyThreadState_DeleteExcept(runtime, tstate);
      return _PyStatus_OK();
  }
  #endif
  
  /* This function is used to signal that async exceptions are waiting to be
     raised. */
  
  void
  _PyEval_SignalAsyncExc(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      SIGNAL_ASYNC_EXC(interp);
  }
  
  PyThreadState *
  PyEval_SaveThread(void)
  {
      _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      PyThreadState *old_tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_Swap(&runtime->gilstate, old_tstate);
  #else
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_Swap(&runtime->gilstate, NULL);
  #endif
      _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
  
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &runtime->ceval;
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &tstate->interp->ceval;
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      assert(gil_created(&ceval2->gil));
  #else
      assert(gil_created(&ceval->gil));
  #endif
      drop_gil(ceval, ceval2, tstate);
      return tstate;
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_RestoreThread(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
  
      take_gil(tstate);
  
      struct _gilstate_runtime_state *gilstate = &tstate->interp->runtime->gilstate;
      _PyThreadState_Swap(gilstate, tstate);
  }
  
  
  /* Mechanism whereby asynchronously executing callbacks (e.g. UNIX
     signal handlers or Mac I/O completion routines) can schedule calls
     to a function to be called synchronously.
     The synchronous function is called with one void* argument.
     It should return 0 for success or -1 for failure -- failure should
     be accompanied by an exception.
  
     If registry succeeds, the registry function returns 0; if it fails
     (e.g. due to too many pending calls) it returns -1 (without setting
     an exception condition).
  
     Note that because registry may occur from within signal handlers,
     or other asynchronous events, calling malloc() is unsafe!
  
     Any thread can schedule pending calls, but only the main thread
     will execute them.
     There is no facility to schedule calls to a particular thread, but
     that should be easy to change, should that ever be required.  In
     that case, the static variables here should go into the python
     threadstate.
  */
  
  void
  _PyEval_SignalReceived(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
      // bpo-42296: On Windows, _PyEval_SignalReceived() is called from a signal
      // handler which can run in a thread different than the Python thread, in
      // which case _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals() is wrong. Ignore
      // _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals() and always set eval_breaker to 1.
      //
      // The next eval_frame_handle_pending() call will call
      // _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals() to recompute eval_breaker.
      int force = 1;
  #else
      int force = 0;
  #endif
      /* bpo-30703: Function called when the C signal handler of Python gets a
         signal. We cannot queue a callback using _PyEval_AddPendingCall() since
         that function is not async-signal-safe. */
      SIGNAL_PENDING_SIGNALS(interp, force);
  }
  
  /* Push one item onto the queue while holding the lock. */
  static int
  _push_pending_call(struct _pending_calls *pending,
                     int (*func)(void *), void *arg)
  {
      int i = pending->last;
      int j = (i + 1) % NPENDINGCALLS;
      if (j == pending->first) {
          return -1; /* Queue full */
      }
      pending->calls[i].func = func;
      pending->calls[i].arg = arg;
      pending->last = j;
      return 0;
  }
  
  /* Pop one item off the queue while holding the lock. */
  static void
  _pop_pending_call(struct _pending_calls *pending,
                    int (**func)(void *), void **arg)
  {
      int i = pending->first;
      if (i == pending->last) {
          return; /* Queue empty */
      }
  
      *func = pending->calls[i].func;
      *arg = pending->calls[i].arg;
      pending->first = (i + 1) % NPENDINGCALLS;
  }
  
  /* This implementation is thread-safe.  It allows
     scheduling to be made from any thread, and even from an executing
     callback.
   */
  
  int
  _PyEval_AddPendingCall(PyInterpreterState *interp,
                         int (*func)(void *), void *arg)
  {
      struct _pending_calls *pending = &interp->ceval.pending;
  
      /* Ensure that _PyEval_InitPendingCalls() was called
         and that _PyEval_FiniPendingCalls() is not called yet. */
      assert(pending->lock != NULL);
  
      PyThread_acquire_lock(pending->lock, WAIT_LOCK);
      int result = _push_pending_call(pending, func, arg);
      PyThread_release_lock(pending->lock);
  
      /* signal main loop */
      SIGNAL_PENDING_CALLS(interp);
      return result;
  }
  
  int
  Py_AddPendingCall(int (*func)(void *), void *arg)
  {
      /* Best-effort to support subinterpreters and calls with the GIL released.
  
         First attempt _PyThreadState_GET() since it supports subinterpreters.
  
         If the GIL is released, _PyThreadState_GET() returns NULL . In this
         case, use PyGILState_GetThisThreadState() which works even if the GIL
         is released.
  
         Sadly, PyGILState_GetThisThreadState() doesn't support subinterpreters:
         see bpo-10915 and bpo-15751.
  
         Py_AddPendingCall() doesn't require the caller to hold the GIL. */
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (tstate == NULL) {
          tstate = PyGILState_GetThisThreadState();
      }
  
      PyInterpreterState *interp;
      if (tstate != NULL) {
          interp = tstate->interp;
      }
      else {
          /* Last resort: use the main interpreter */
          interp = _PyRuntime.interpreters.main;
      }
      return _PyEval_AddPendingCall(interp, func, arg);
  }
  
  static int
  handle_signals(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
      if (!_Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals(tstate->interp)) {
          return 0;
      }
  
      UNSIGNAL_PENDING_SIGNALS(tstate->interp);
      if (_PyErr_CheckSignalsTstate(tstate) < 0) {
          /* On failure, re-schedule a call to handle_signals(). */
          SIGNAL_PENDING_SIGNALS(tstate->interp, 0);
          return -1;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int
  make_pending_calls(PyInterpreterState *interp)
  {
      /* only execute pending calls on main thread */
      if (!_Py_ThreadCanHandlePendingCalls()) {
          return 0;
      }
  
      /* don't perform recursive pending calls */
      static int busy = 0;
      if (busy) {
          return 0;
      }
      busy = 1;
  
      /* unsignal before starting to call callbacks, so that any callback
         added in-between re-signals */
      UNSIGNAL_PENDING_CALLS(interp);
      int res = 0;
  
      /* perform a bounded number of calls, in case of recursion */
      struct _pending_calls *pending = &interp->ceval.pending;
      for (int i=0; i<NPENDINGCALLS; i++) {
          int (*func)(void *) = NULL;
          void *arg = NULL;
  
          /* pop one item off the queue while holding the lock */
          PyThread_acquire_lock(pending->lock, WAIT_LOCK);
          _pop_pending_call(pending, &func, &arg);
          PyThread_release_lock(pending->lock);
  
          /* having released the lock, perform the callback */
          if (func == NULL) {
              break;
          }
          res = func(arg);
          if (res) {
              goto error;
          }
      }
  
      busy = 0;
      return res;
  
  error:
      busy = 0;
      SIGNAL_PENDING_CALLS(interp);
      return res;
  }
  
  void
  _Py_FinishPendingCalls(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      assert(PyGILState_Check());
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
  
      struct _pending_calls *pending = &tstate->interp->ceval.pending;
  
      if (!_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&(pending->calls_to_do))) {
          return;
      }
  
      if (make_pending_calls(tstate->interp) < 0) {
          PyObject *exc, *val, *tb;
          _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &exc, &val, &tb);
          PyErr_BadInternalCall();
          _PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc, val, tb);
          _PyErr_Print(tstate);
      }
  }
  
  /* Py_MakePendingCalls() is a simple wrapper for the sake
     of backward-compatibility. */
  int
  Py_MakePendingCalls(void)
  {
      assert(PyGILState_Check());
  
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
  
      /* Python signal handler doesn't really queue a callback: it only signals
         that a signal was received, see _PyEval_SignalReceived(). */
      int res = handle_signals(tstate);
      if (res != 0) {
          return res;
      }
  
      res = make_pending_calls(tstate->interp);
      if (res != 0) {
          return res;
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  /* The interpreter's recursion limit */
  
  #ifndef Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT
  #  define Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT 1000
  #endif
  
  void
  _PyEval_InitRuntimeState(struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval)
  {
  #ifndef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      _gil_initialize(&ceval->gil);
  #endif
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_InitState(struct _ceval_state *ceval)
  {
      ceval->recursion_limit = Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT;
  
      struct _pending_calls *pending = &ceval->pending;
      assert(pending->lock == NULL);
  
      pending->lock = PyThread_allocate_lock();
      if (pending->lock == NULL) {
          return -1;
      }
  
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
      _gil_initialize(&ceval->gil);
  #endif
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  void
  _PyEval_FiniState(struct _ceval_state *ceval)
  {
      struct _pending_calls *pending = &ceval->pending;
      if (pending->lock != NULL) {
          PyThread_free_lock(pending->lock);
          pending->lock = NULL;
      }
  }
  
  int
  Py_GetRecursionLimit(void)
  {
      PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
      return interp->ceval.recursion_limit;
  }
  
  void
  Py_SetRecursionLimit(int new_limit)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      tstate->interp->ceval.recursion_limit = new_limit;
  }
  
  /* The function _Py_EnterRecursiveCall() only calls _Py_CheckRecursiveCall()
     if the recursion_depth reaches recursion_limit.
     If USE_STACKCHECK, the macro decrements recursion_limit
     to guarantee that _Py_CheckRecursiveCall() is regularly called.
     Without USE_STACKCHECK, there is no need for this. */
  int
  _Py_CheckRecursiveCall(PyThreadState *tstate, const char *where)
  {
      int recursion_limit = tstate->interp->ceval.recursion_limit;
  
  #ifdef USE_STACKCHECK
      tstate->stackcheck_counter = 0;
      if (PyOS_CheckStack()) {
          --tstate->recursion_depth;
          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_MemoryError, "Stack overflow");
          return -1;
      }
  #endif
      if (tstate->recursion_headroom) {
          if (tstate->recursion_depth > recursion_limit + 50) {
              /* Overflowing while handling an overflow. Give up. */
              Py_FatalError("Cannot recover from stack overflow.");
          }
      }
      else {
          if (tstate->recursion_depth > recursion_limit) {
              tstate->recursion_headroom++;
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_RecursionError,
                          "maximum recursion depth exceeded%s",
                          where);
              tstate->recursion_headroom--;
              --tstate->recursion_depth;
              return -1;
          }
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  // PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching
  
  
  // Return a tuple of values corresponding to keys, with error checks for
  // duplicate/missing keys.
  static PyObject*
  match_keys(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *map, PyObject *keys)
  {
      assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(keys));
      Py_ssize_t nkeys = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys);
      if (!nkeys) {
          // No keys means no items.
          return PyTuple_New(0);
      }
      PyObject *seen = NULL;
      PyObject *dummy = NULL;
      PyObject *values = NULL;
      // We use the two argument form of map.get(key, default) for two reasons:
      // - Atomically check for a key and get its value without error handling.
      // - Don't cause key creation or resizing in dict subclasses like
      //   collections.defaultdict that define __missing__ (or similar).
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(get);
      PyObject *get = _PyObject_GetAttrId(map, &PyId_get);
      if (get == NULL) {
          goto fail;
      }
      seen = PySet_New(NULL);
      if (seen == NULL) {
          goto fail;
      }
      // dummy = object()
      dummy = _PyObject_CallNoArg((PyObject *)&PyBaseObject_Type);
      if (dummy == NULL) {
          goto fail;
      }
      values = PyList_New(0);
      if (values == NULL) {
          goto fail;
      }
      for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
          PyObject *key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, i);
          if (PySet_Contains(seen, key) || PySet_Add(seen, key)) {
              if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                  // Seen it before!
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
                                "mapping pattern checks duplicate key (%R)", key);
              }
              goto fail;
          }
          PyObject *value = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(get, key, dummy, NULL);
          if (value == NULL) {
              goto fail;
          }
          if (value == dummy) {
              // key not in map!
              Py_DECREF(value);
              Py_DECREF(values);
              // Return None:
              Py_INCREF(Py_None);
              values = Py_None;
              goto done;
          }
          PyList_Append(values, value);
          Py_DECREF(value);
      }
      Py_SETREF(values, PyList_AsTuple(values));
      // Success:
  done:
      Py_DECREF(get);
      Py_DECREF(seen);
      Py_DECREF(dummy);
      return values;
  fail:
      Py_XDECREF(get);
      Py_XDECREF(seen);
      Py_XDECREF(dummy);
      Py_XDECREF(values);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  // Extract a named attribute from the subject, with additional bookkeeping to
  // raise TypeErrors for repeated lookups. On failure, return NULL (with no
  // error set). Use _PyErr_Occurred(tstate) to disambiguate.
  static PyObject*
  match_class_attr(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *subject, PyObject *type,
                   PyObject *name, PyObject *seen)
  {
      assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(name));
      assert(PySet_CheckExact(seen));
      if (PySet_Contains(seen, name) || PySet_Add(seen, name)) {
          if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
              // Seen it before!
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "%s() got multiple sub-patterns for attribute %R",
                            ((PyTypeObject*)type)->tp_name, name);
          }
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject *attr = PyObject_GetAttr(subject, name);
      if (attr == NULL && _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
          _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
      }
      return attr;
  }
  
  // On success (match), return a tuple of extracted attributes. On failure (no
  // match), return NULL. Use _PyErr_Occurred(tstate) to disambiguate.
  static PyObject*
  match_class(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *subject, PyObject *type,
              Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwargs)
  {
      if (!PyType_Check(type)) {
          const char *e = "called match pattern must be a type";
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError, e);
          return NULL;
      }
      assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(kwargs));
      // First, an isinstance check:
      if (PyObject_IsInstance(subject, type) <= 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
      // So far so good:
      PyObject *seen = PySet_New(NULL);
      if (seen == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject *attrs = PyList_New(0);
      if (attrs == NULL) {
          Py_DECREF(seen);
          return NULL;
      }
      // NOTE: From this point on, goto fail on failure:
      PyObject *match_args = NULL;
      // First, the positional subpatterns:
      if (nargs) {
          int match_self = 0;
          match_args = PyObject_GetAttrString(type, "__match_args__");
          if (match_args) {
              if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(match_args)) {
                  const char *e = "%s.__match_args__ must be a tuple (got %s)";
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError, e,
                                ((PyTypeObject *)type)->tp_name,
                                Py_TYPE(match_args)->tp_name);
                  goto fail;
              }
          }
          else if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
              _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
              // _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF is only acknowledged if the type does not
              // define __match_args__. This is natural behavior for subclasses:
              // it's as if __match_args__ is some "magic" value that is lost as
              // soon as they redefine it.
              match_args = PyTuple_New(0);
              match_self = PyType_HasFeature((PyTypeObject*)type,
                                              _Py_TPFLAGS_MATCH_SELF);
          }
          else {
              goto fail;
          }
          assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(match_args));
          Py_ssize_t allowed = match_self ? 1 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(match_args);
          if (allowed < nargs) {
              const char *plural = (allowed == 1) ? "" : "s";
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "%s() accepts %d positional sub-pattern%s (%d given)",
                            ((PyTypeObject*)type)->tp_name,
                            allowed, plural, nargs);
              goto fail;
          }
          if (match_self) {
              // Easy. Copy the subject itself, and move on to kwargs.
              PyList_Append(attrs, subject);
          }
          else {
              for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
                  PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(match_args, i);
                  if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(name)) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "__match_args__ elements must be strings "
                                    "(got %s)", Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
                      goto fail;
                  }
                  PyObject *attr = match_class_attr(tstate, subject, type, name,
                                                    seen);
                  if (attr == NULL) {
                      goto fail;
                  }
                  PyList_Append(attrs, attr);
                  Py_DECREF(attr);
              }
          }
          Py_CLEAR(match_args);
      }
      // Finally, the keyword subpatterns:
      for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwargs); i++) {
          PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwargs, i);
          PyObject *attr = match_class_attr(tstate, subject, type, name, seen);
          if (attr == NULL) {
              goto fail;
          }
          PyList_Append(attrs, attr);
          Py_DECREF(attr);
      }
      Py_SETREF(attrs, PyList_AsTuple(attrs));
      Py_DECREF(seen);
      return attrs;
  fail:
      // We really don't care whether an error was raised or not... that's our
      // caller's problem. All we know is that the match failed.
      Py_XDECREF(match_args);
      Py_DECREF(seen);
      Py_DECREF(attrs);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  
  static int do_raise(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc, PyObject *cause);
  static int unpack_iterable(PyThreadState *, PyObject *, int, int, PyObject **);
  
  
  PyObject *
  PyEval_EvalCode(PyObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
      if (locals == NULL) {
          locals = globals;
      }
      PyObject *builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
      if (builtins == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyFrameConstructor desc = {
          .fc_globals = globals,
          .fc_builtins = builtins,
          .fc_name = ((PyCodeObject *)co)->co_name,
          .fc_qualname = ((PyCodeObject *)co)->co_name,
          .fc_code = co,
          .fc_defaults = NULL,
          .fc_kwdefaults = NULL,
          .fc_closure = NULL
      };
      return _PyEval_Vector(tstate, &desc, locals, NULL, 0, NULL);
  }
  
  
  /* Interpreter main loop */
  
  PyObject *
  PyEval_EvalFrame(PyFrameObject *f)
  {
      /* Function kept for backward compatibility */
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return _PyEval_EvalFrame(tstate, f->f_frame, 0);
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return _PyEval_EvalFrame(tstate, f->f_frame, throwflag);
  }
  
  
  /* Handle signals, pending calls, GIL drop request
     and asynchronous exception */
  static int
  eval_frame_handle_pending(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      _PyRuntimeState * const runtime = &_PyRuntime;
      struct _ceval_runtime_state *ceval = &runtime->ceval;
  
      /* Pending signals */
      if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&ceval->signals_pending)) {
          if (handle_signals(tstate) != 0) {
              return -1;
          }
      }
  
      /* Pending calls */
      struct _ceval_state *ceval2 = &tstate->interp->ceval;
      if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&ceval2->pending.calls_to_do)) {
          if (make_pending_calls(tstate->interp) != 0) {
              return -1;
          }
      }
  
      /* GIL drop request */
      if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&ceval2->gil_drop_request)) {
          /* Give another thread a chance */
          if (_PyThreadState_Swap(&runtime->gilstate, NULL) != tstate) {
              Py_FatalError("tstate mix-up");
          }
          drop_gil(ceval, ceval2, tstate);
  
          /* Other threads may run now */
  
          take_gil(tstate);
  
  #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS
          (void)_PyThreadState_Swap(&runtime->gilstate, tstate);
  #else
          if (_PyThreadState_Swap(&runtime->gilstate, tstate) != NULL) {
              Py_FatalError("orphan tstate");
          }
  #endif
      }
  
      /* Check for asynchronous exception. */
      if (tstate->async_exc != NULL) {
          PyObject *exc = tstate->async_exc;
          tstate->async_exc = NULL;
          UNSIGNAL_ASYNC_EXC(tstate->interp);
          _PyErr_SetNone(tstate, exc);
          Py_DECREF(exc);
          return -1;
      }
  
  #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
      // bpo-42296: On Windows, _PyEval_SignalReceived() can be called in a
      // different thread than the Python thread, in which case
      // _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals() is wrong. Recompute eval_breaker in the
      // current Python thread with the correct _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals()
      // value. It prevents to interrupt the eval loop at every instruction if
      // the current Python thread cannot handle signals (if
      // _Py_ThreadCanHandleSignals() is false).
      COMPUTE_EVAL_BREAKER(tstate->interp, ceval, ceval2);
  #endif
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  /* Computed GOTOs, or
         the-optimization-commonly-but-improperly-known-as-"threaded code"
     using gcc's labels-as-values extension
     (http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Labels-as-Values.html).
  
     The traditional bytecode evaluation loop uses a "switch" statement, which
     decent compilers will optimize as a single indirect branch instruction
     combined with a lookup table of jump addresses. However, since the
     indirect jump instruction is shared by all opcodes, the CPU will have a
     hard time making the right prediction for where to jump next (actually,
     it will be always wrong except in the uncommon case of a sequence of
     several identical opcodes).
  
     "Threaded code" in contrast, uses an explicit jump table and an explicit
     indirect jump instruction at the end of each opcode. Since the jump
     instruction is at a different address for each opcode, the CPU will make a
     separate prediction for each of these instructions, which is equivalent to
     predicting the second opcode of each opcode pair. These predictions have
     a much better chance to turn out valid, especially in small bytecode loops.
  
     A mispredicted branch on a modern CPU flushes the whole pipeline and
     can cost several CPU cycles (depending on the pipeline depth),
     and potentially many more instructions (depending on the pipeline width).
     A correctly predicted branch, however, is nearly free.
  
     At the time of this writing, the "threaded code" version is up to 15-20%
     faster than the normal "switch" version, depending on the compiler and the
     CPU architecture.
  
     We disable the optimization if DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE is defined,
     because it would render the measurements invalid.
  
  
     NOTE: care must be taken that the compiler doesn't try to "optimize" the
     indirect jumps by sharing them between all opcodes. Such optimizations
     can be disabled on gcc by using the -fno-gcse flag (or possibly
     -fno-crossjumping).
  */
  
  /* Use macros rather than inline functions, to make it as clear as possible
   * to the C compiler that the tracing check is a simple test then branch.
   * We want to be sure that the compiler knows this before it generates
   * the CFG.
   */
  #ifdef LLTRACE
  #define OR_LLTRACE || lltrace
  #else
  #define OR_LLTRACE
  #endif
  
  #ifdef WITH_DTRACE
  #define OR_DTRACE_LINE || PyDTrace_LINE_ENABLED()
  #else
  #define OR_DTRACE_LINE
  #endif
  
  #ifdef DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE
  #undef USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
  #define USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS 0
  #endif
  
  #ifdef HAVE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
      #ifndef USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
      #define USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS 1
      #endif
  #else
      #if defined(USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS) && USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
      #error "Computed gotos are not supported on this compiler."
      #endif
      #undef USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
      #define USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS 0
  #endif
  
  #if USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
  #define TARGET(op) op: TARGET_##op
  #define DISPATCH_GOTO() goto *opcode_targets[opcode]
  #else
  #define TARGET(op) op
  #define DISPATCH_GOTO() goto dispatch_opcode
  #endif
  
  #define DISPATCH() \
      { \
          if (cframe.use_tracing OR_DTRACE_LINE OR_LLTRACE) { \
              goto tracing_dispatch; \
          } \
          frame->f_lasti = INSTR_OFFSET(); \
          NEXTOPARG(); \
          DISPATCH_GOTO(); \
      }
  
  #define CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER() \
      if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(eval_breaker)) { \
          continue; \
      }
  
  
  /* Tuple access macros */
  
  #ifndef Py_DEBUG
  #define GETITEM(v, i) PyTuple_GET_ITEM((PyTupleObject *)(v), (i))
  #else
  #define GETITEM(v, i) PyTuple_GetItem((v), (i))
  #endif
  
  /* Code access macros */
  
  /* The integer overflow is checked by an assertion below. */
  #define INSTR_OFFSET() ((int)(next_instr - first_instr))
  #define NEXTOPARG()  do { \
          _Py_CODEUNIT word = *next_instr; \
          opcode = _Py_OPCODE(word); \
          oparg = _Py_OPARG(word); \
          next_instr++; \
      } while (0)
  #define JUMPTO(x)       (next_instr = first_instr + (x))
  #define JUMPBY(x)       (next_instr += (x))
  
  /* Get opcode and oparg from original instructions, not quickened form. */
  #define TRACING_NEXTOPARG() do { \
          _Py_CODEUNIT word = ((_Py_CODEUNIT *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(co->co_code))[INSTR_OFFSET()]; \
          opcode = _Py_OPCODE(word); \
          oparg = _Py_OPARG(word); \
          next_instr++; \
      } while (0)
  
  /* OpCode prediction macros
      Some opcodes tend to come in pairs thus making it possible to
      predict the second code when the first is run.  For example,
      COMPARE_OP is often followed by POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE or POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE.
  
      Verifying the prediction costs a single high-speed test of a register
      variable against a constant.  If the pairing was good, then the
      processor's own internal branch predication has a high likelihood of
      success, resulting in a nearly zero-overhead transition to the
      next opcode.  A successful prediction saves a trip through the eval-loop
      including its unpredictable switch-case branch.  Combined with the
      processor's internal branch prediction, a successful PREDICT has the
      effect of making the two opcodes run as if they were a single new opcode
      with the bodies combined.
  
      If collecting opcode statistics, your choices are to either keep the
      predictions turned-on and interpret the results as if some opcodes
      had been combined or turn-off predictions so that the opcode frequency
      counter updates for both opcodes.
  
      Opcode prediction is disabled with threaded code, since the latter allows
      the CPU to record separate branch prediction information for each
      opcode.
  
  */
  
  #define PREDICT_ID(op)          PRED_##op
  
  #if defined(DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE) || USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
  #define PREDICT(op)             if (0) goto PREDICT_ID(op)
  #else
  #define PREDICT(op) \
      do { \
          _Py_CODEUNIT word = *next_instr; \
          opcode = _Py_OPCODE(word); \
          if (opcode == op) { \
              oparg = _Py_OPARG(word); \
              next_instr++; \
              goto PREDICT_ID(op); \
          } \
      } while(0)
  #endif
  #define PREDICTED(op)           PREDICT_ID(op):
  
  
  /* Stack manipulation macros */
  
  /* The stack can grow at most MAXINT deep, as co_nlocals and
     co_stacksize are ints. */
  #define STACK_LEVEL()     ((int)(stack_pointer - frame->stack))
  #define EMPTY()           (STACK_LEVEL() == 0)
  #define TOP()             (stack_pointer[-1])
  #define SECOND()          (stack_pointer[-2])
  #define THIRD()           (stack_pointer[-3])
  #define FOURTH()          (stack_pointer[-4])
  #define PEEK(n)           (stack_pointer[-(n)])
  #define SET_TOP(v)        (stack_pointer[-1] = (v))
  #define SET_SECOND(v)     (stack_pointer[-2] = (v))
  #define SET_THIRD(v)      (stack_pointer[-3] = (v))
  #define SET_FOURTH(v)     (stack_pointer[-4] = (v))
  #define BASIC_STACKADJ(n) (stack_pointer += n)
  #define BASIC_PUSH(v)     (*stack_pointer++ = (v))
  #define BASIC_POP()       (*--stack_pointer)
  
  #ifdef LLTRACE
  #define PUSH(v)         { (void)(BASIC_PUSH(v), \
                            lltrace && prtrace(tstate, TOP(), "push")); \
                            assert(STACK_LEVEL() <= co->co_stacksize); }
  #define POP()           ((void)(lltrace && prtrace(tstate, TOP(), "pop")), \
                           BASIC_POP())
  #define STACK_GROW(n)   do { \
                            assert(n >= 0); \
                            (void)(BASIC_STACKADJ(n), \
                            lltrace && prtrace(tstate, TOP(), "stackadj")); \
                            assert(STACK_LEVEL() <= co->co_stacksize); \
                          } while (0)
  #define STACK_SHRINK(n) do { \
                              assert(n >= 0); \
                              (void)(lltrace && prtrace(tstate, TOP(), "stackadj")); \
                              (void)(BASIC_STACKADJ(-(n))); \
                              assert(STACK_LEVEL() <= co->co_stacksize); \
                          } while (0)
  #define EXT_POP(STACK_POINTER) ((void)(lltrace && \
                                  prtrace(tstate, (STACK_POINTER)[-1], "ext_pop")), \
                                  *--(STACK_POINTER))
  #else
  #define PUSH(v)                BASIC_PUSH(v)
  #define POP()                  BASIC_POP()
  #define STACK_GROW(n)          BASIC_STACKADJ(n)
  #define STACK_SHRINK(n)        BASIC_STACKADJ(-(n))
  #define EXT_POP(STACK_POINTER) (*--(STACK_POINTER))
  #endif
  
  /* Local variable macros */
  
  #define GETLOCAL(i)     (localsplus[i])
  
  /* The SETLOCAL() macro must not DECREF the local variable in-place and
     then store the new value; it must copy the old value to a temporary
     value, then store the new value, and then DECREF the temporary value.
     This is because it is possible that during the DECREF the frame is
     accessed by other code (e.g. a __del__ method or gc.collect()) and the
     variable would be pointing to already-freed memory. */
  #define SETLOCAL(i, value)      do { PyObject *tmp = GETLOCAL(i); \
                                       GETLOCAL(i) = value; \
                                       Py_XDECREF(tmp); } while (0)
  
  #define JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(op) goto PREDICT_ID(op)
  
  #define GET_CACHE() \
      _GetSpecializedCacheEntryForInstruction(first_instr, INSTR_OFFSET(), oparg)
  
  
  #define DEOPT_IF(cond, instname) if (cond) { goto instname ## _miss; }
  
  #define UPDATE_PREV_INSTR_OPARG(instr, oparg) ((uint8_t*)(instr))[-1] = (oparg)
  
  #define GLOBALS() frame->f_globals
  #define BUILTINS() frame->f_builtins
  #define LOCALS() frame->f_locals
  
  PyObject* _Py_HOT_FUNCTION
  _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int throwflag)
  {
      _Py_EnsureTstateNotNULL(tstate);
  
  #if USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
  /* Import the static jump table */
  #include "opcode_targets.h"
  #endif
  
  #ifdef DXPAIRS
      int lastopcode = 0;
  #endif
      PyObject **stack_pointer;  /* Next free slot in value stack */
      _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr;
      int opcode;        /* Current opcode */
      int oparg;         /* Current opcode argument, if any */
      PyObject **localsplus;
      PyObject *retval = NULL;            /* Return value */
      _Py_atomic_int * const eval_breaker = &tstate->interp->ceval.eval_breaker;
      PyCodeObject *co;
  
      _Py_CODEUNIT *first_instr;
      PyObject *names;
      PyObject *consts;
  
  #ifdef LLTRACE
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(__ltrace__);
  #endif
  
      if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, "")) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      CFrame cframe;
  
      /* WARNING: Because the CFrame lives on the C stack,
       * but can be accessed from a heap allocated object (tstate)
       * strict stack discipline must be maintained.
       */
      CFrame *prev_cframe = tstate->cframe;
      cframe.use_tracing = prev_cframe->use_tracing;
      cframe.previous = prev_cframe;
      tstate->cframe = &cframe;
  
      /* push frame */
      tstate->frame = frame;
      co = frame->f_code;
  
      if (cframe.use_tracing) {
          if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL) {
              /* tstate->c_tracefunc, if defined, is a
                 function that will be called on *every* entry
                 to a code block.  Its return value, if not
                 None, is a function that will be called at
                 the start of each executed line of code.
                 (Actually, the function must return itself
                 in order to continue tracing.)  The trace
                 functions are called with three arguments:
                 a pointer to the current frame, a string
                 indicating why the function is called, and
                 an argument which depends on the situation.
                 The global trace function is also called
                 whenever an exception is detected. */
              if (call_trace_protected(tstate->c_tracefunc,
                                       tstate->c_traceobj,
                                       tstate, frame,
                                       PyTrace_CALL, Py_None)) {
                  /* Trace function raised an error */
                  goto exit_eval_frame;
              }
          }
          if (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL) {
              /* Similar for c_profilefunc, except it needn't
                 return itself and isn't called for "line" events */
              if (call_trace_protected(tstate->c_profilefunc,
                                       tstate->c_profileobj,
                                       tstate, frame,
                                       PyTrace_CALL, Py_None)) {
                  /* Profile function raised an error */
                  goto exit_eval_frame;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY_ENABLED())
          dtrace_function_entry(frame);
  
      /* Increment the warmup counter and quicken if warm enough
       * _Py_Quicken is idempotent so we don't worry about overflow */
      if (!PyCodeObject_IsWarmedUp(co)) {
          PyCodeObject_IncrementWarmup(co);
          if (PyCodeObject_IsWarmedUp(co)) {
              if (_Py_Quicken(co)) {
                  goto exit_eval_frame;
              }
          }
      }
  
  
      names = co->co_names;
      consts = co->co_consts;
      localsplus = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
      first_instr = co->co_firstinstr;
      /*
         frame->f_lasti refers to the index of the last instruction,
         unless it's -1 in which case next_instr should be first_instr.
  
         YIELD_FROM sets frame->f_lasti to itself, in order to repeatedly yield
         multiple values.
  
         When the PREDICT() macros are enabled, some opcode pairs follow in
         direct succession without updating frame->f_lasti.  A successful
         prediction effectively links the two codes together as if they
         were a single new opcode; accordingly,frame->f_lasti will point to
         the first code in the pair (for instance, GET_ITER followed by
         FOR_ITER is effectively a single opcode and frame->f_lasti will point
         to the beginning of the combined pair.)
      */
      assert(frame->f_lasti >= -1);
      next_instr = first_instr + frame->f_lasti + 1;
      stack_pointer = frame->stack + frame->stackdepth;
      /* Set stackdepth to -1.
       * Update when returning or calling trace function.
         Having f_stackdepth <= 0 ensures that invalid
         values are not visible to the cycle GC.
         We choose -1 rather than 0 to assist debugging.
       */
      frame->stackdepth = -1;
      frame->f_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
  
  #ifdef LLTRACE
      {
          int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(GLOBALS(), &PyId___ltrace__);
          if (r < 0) {
              goto exit_eval_frame;
          }
          lltrace = r;
      }
  #endif
  
      if (throwflag) { /* support for generator.throw() */
          goto error;
      }
  
  #ifdef Py_DEBUG
      /* _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault() must not be called with an exception set,
         because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
         caller loses its exception */
      assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
  #endif
  
      for (;;) {
          assert(STACK_LEVEL() >= 0); /* else underflow */
          assert(STACK_LEVEL() <= co->co_stacksize);  /* else overflow */
          assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
  
          /* Do periodic things.  Doing this every time through
             the loop would add too much overhead, so we do it
             only every Nth instruction.  We also do it if
             ``pending.calls_to_do'' is set, i.e. when an asynchronous
             event needs attention (e.g. a signal handler or
             async I/O handler); see Py_AddPendingCall() and
             Py_MakePendingCalls() above. */
  
          if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(eval_breaker)) {
              opcode = _Py_OPCODE(*next_instr);
              if (opcode != BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH &&
                  opcode != YIELD_FROM) {
                  /* Few cases where we skip running signal handlers and other
                     pending calls:
                     - If we're about to enter the 'with:'. It will prevent
                       emitting a resource warning in the common idiom
                       'with open(path) as file:'.
                     - If we're about to enter the 'async with:'.
                     - If we're about to enter the 'try:' of a try/finally (not
                       *very* useful, but might help in some cases and it's
                       traditional)
                     - If we're resuming a chain of nested 'yield from' or
                       'await' calls, then each frame is parked with YIELD_FROM
                       as its next opcode. If the user hit control-C we want to
                       wait until we've reached the innermost frame before
                       running the signal handler and raising KeyboardInterrupt
                       (see bpo-30039).
                  */
                  if (eval_frame_handle_pending(tstate) != 0) {
                      goto error;
                  }
               }
          }
  
      tracing_dispatch:
      {
          int instr_prev = frame->f_lasti;
          frame->f_lasti = INSTR_OFFSET();
          TRACING_NEXTOPARG();
  
          if (PyDTrace_LINE_ENABLED())
              maybe_dtrace_line(frame, &tstate->trace_info, instr_prev);
  
          /* line-by-line tracing support */
  
          if (cframe.use_tracing &&
              tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL && !tstate->tracing) {
              int err;
              /* see maybe_call_line_trace()
                 for expository comments */
              frame->stackdepth = (int)(stack_pointer - frame->stack);
  
              err = maybe_call_line_trace(tstate->c_tracefunc,
                                          tstate->c_traceobj,
                                          tstate, frame, instr_prev);
              if (err) {
                  /* trace function raised an exception */
                  goto error;
              }
              /* Reload possibly changed frame fields */
              JUMPTO(frame->f_lasti);
              stack_pointer = frame->stack+frame->stackdepth;
              frame->stackdepth = -1;
              TRACING_NEXTOPARG();
          }
      }
  
  #ifdef LLTRACE
          /* Instruction tracing */
  
          if (lltrace) {
              if (HAS_ARG(opcode)) {
                  printf("%d: %d, %d\n",
                         frame->f_lasti, opcode, oparg);
              }
              else {
                  printf("%d: %d\n",
                         frame->f_lasti, opcode);
              }
          }
  #endif
  
      dispatch_opcode:
  #ifdef DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE
  #ifdef DXPAIRS
          dxpairs[lastopcode][opcode]++;
          lastopcode = opcode;
  #endif
          dxp[opcode]++;
  #endif
  
          switch (opcode) {
  
          /* BEWARE!
             It is essential that any operation that fails must goto error
             and that all operation that succeed call DISPATCH() ! */
  
          case TARGET(NOP): {
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          /* We keep LOAD_CLOSURE so that the bytecode stays more readable. */
          case TARGET(LOAD_CLOSURE):
          case TARGET(LOAD_FAST): {
              PyObject *value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
              if (value == NULL) {
                  format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                                       UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                                       PyTuple_GetItem(co->co_localsplusnames,
                                                       oparg));
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_INCREF(value);
              PUSH(value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_CONST): {
              PREDICTED(LOAD_CONST);
              PyObject *value = GETITEM(consts, oparg);
              Py_INCREF(value);
              PUSH(value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_FAST): {
              PREDICTED(STORE_FAST);
              PyObject *value = POP();
              SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(POP_TOP): {
              PyObject *value = POP();
              Py_DECREF(value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(ROT_TWO): {
              PyObject *top = TOP();
              PyObject *second = SECOND();
              SET_TOP(second);
              SET_SECOND(top);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(ROT_THREE): {
              PyObject *top = TOP();
              PyObject *second = SECOND();
              PyObject *third = THIRD();
              SET_TOP(second);
              SET_SECOND(third);
              SET_THIRD(top);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(ROT_FOUR): {
              PyObject *top = TOP();
              PyObject *second = SECOND();
              PyObject *third = THIRD();
              PyObject *fourth = FOURTH();
              SET_TOP(second);
              SET_SECOND(third);
              SET_THIRD(fourth);
              SET_FOURTH(top);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DUP_TOP): {
              PyObject *top = TOP();
              Py_INCREF(top);
              PUSH(top);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DUP_TOP_TWO): {
              PyObject *top = TOP();
              PyObject *second = SECOND();
              Py_INCREF(top);
              Py_INCREF(second);
              STACK_GROW(2);
              SET_TOP(top);
              SET_SECOND(second);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(UNARY_POSITIVE): {
              PyObject *value = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Positive(value);
              Py_DECREF(value);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(UNARY_NEGATIVE): {
              PyObject *value = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
              Py_DECREF(value);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(UNARY_NOT): {
              PyObject *value = TOP();
              int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
              Py_DECREF(value);
              if (err == 0) {
                  Py_INCREF(Py_True);
                  SET_TOP(Py_True);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              else if (err > 0) {
                  Py_INCREF(Py_False);
                  SET_TOP(Py_False);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              goto error;
          }
  
          case TARGET(UNARY_INVERT): {
              PyObject *value = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
              Py_DECREF(value);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_POWER): {
              PyObject *exp = POP();
              PyObject *base = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Power(base, exp, Py_None);
              Py_DECREF(base);
              Py_DECREF(exp);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_MULTIPLY): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Multiply(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_MATRIX_MULTIPLY): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_MatrixMultiply(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE): {
              PyObject *divisor = POP();
              PyObject *dividend = TOP();
              PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_TrueDivide(dividend, divisor);
              Py_DECREF(dividend);
              Py_DECREF(divisor);
              SET_TOP(quotient);
              if (quotient == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE): {
              PyObject *divisor = POP();
              PyObject *dividend = TOP();
              PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_FloorDivide(dividend, divisor);
              Py_DECREF(dividend);
              Py_DECREF(divisor);
              SET_TOP(quotient);
              if (quotient == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_MODULO): {
              PyObject *divisor = POP();
              PyObject *dividend = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(dividend) && (
                    !PyUnicode_Check(divisor) || PyUnicode_CheckExact(divisor))) {
                // fast path; string formatting, but not if the RHS is a str subclass
                // (see issue28598)
                res = PyUnicode_Format(dividend, divisor);
              } else {
                res = PyNumber_Remainder(dividend, divisor);
              }
              Py_DECREF(divisor);
              Py_DECREF(dividend);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_ADD): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *sum;
              /* NOTE(vstinner): Please don't try to micro-optimize int+int on
                 CPython using bytecode, it is simply worthless.
                 See http://bugs.python.org/issue21955 and
                 http://bugs.python.org/issue10044 for the discussion. In short,
                 no patch shown any impact on a realistic benchmark, only a minor
                 speedup on microbenchmarks. */
              if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(left) &&
                       PyUnicode_CheckExact(right)) {
                  sum = unicode_concatenate(tstate, left, right, frame, next_instr);
                  /* unicode_concatenate consumed the ref to left */
              }
              else {
                  sum = PyNumber_Add(left, right);
                  Py_DECREF(left);
              }
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(sum);
              if (sum == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_SUBTRACT): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *diff = PyNumber_Subtract(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              SET_TOP(diff);
              if (diff == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR): {
              PREDICTED(BINARY_SUBSCR);
              STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, unquickened);
              PyObject *sub = POP();
              PyObject *container = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
              Py_DECREF(container);
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE): {
              if (oparg == 0) {
                  PyObject *sub = TOP();
                  PyObject *container = SECOND();
                  next_instr--;
                  if (_Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr) < 0) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              else {
                  STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, deferred);
                  // oparg is the adaptive cache counter
                  UPDATE_PREV_INSTR_OPARG(next_instr, oparg - 1);
                  assert(_Py_OPCODE(next_instr[-1]) == BINARY_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE);
                  assert(_Py_OPARG(next_instr[-1]) == oparg - 1);
                  STAT_DEC(BINARY_SUBSCR, unquickened);
                  JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(BINARY_SUBSCR);
              }
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT): {
              PyObject *sub = TOP();
              PyObject *list = SECOND();
              DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
              DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
  
              // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyList_Size(list)
              Py_ssize_t signed_magnitude = Py_SIZE(sub);
              DEOPT_IF(((size_t)signed_magnitude) > 1, BINARY_SUBSCR);
              assert(((PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetZero())->ob_digit[0] == 0);
              Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->ob_digit[0];
              DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
  
              STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
              PyObject *res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
              assert(res != NULL);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(list);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT): {
              PyObject *sub = TOP();
              PyObject *tuple = SECOND();
              DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
              DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
  
              // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyTuple_Size(list)
              Py_ssize_t signed_magnitude = Py_SIZE(sub);
              DEOPT_IF(((size_t)signed_magnitude) > 1, BINARY_SUBSCR);
              assert(((PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetZero())->ob_digit[0] == 0);
              Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->ob_digit[0];
              DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
  
              STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
              PyObject *res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
              assert(res != NULL);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(tuple);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT): {
              PyObject *dict = SECOND();
              DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(SECOND()), BINARY_SUBSCR);
              STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
              PyObject *sub = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, sub);
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto binary_subscr_dict_error;
              }
              Py_INCREF(res);
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(dict);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_LSHIFT): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Lshift(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_RSHIFT): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Rshift(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_AND): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_And(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_XOR): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Xor(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BINARY_OR): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_Or(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LIST_APPEND): {
              PyObject *v = POP();
              PyObject *list = PEEK(oparg);
              int err;
              err = PyList_Append(list, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              PREDICT(JUMP_ABSOLUTE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(SET_ADD): {
              PyObject *v = POP();
              PyObject *set = PEEK(oparg);
              int err;
              err = PySet_Add(set, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              PREDICT(JUMP_ABSOLUTE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_POWER): {
              PyObject *exp = POP();
              PyObject *base = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlacePower(base, exp, Py_None);
              Py_DECREF(base);
              Py_DECREF(exp);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_MULTIPLY): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_MATRIX_MULTIPLY): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE): {
              PyObject *divisor = POP();
              PyObject *dividend = TOP();
              PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(dividend, divisor);
              Py_DECREF(dividend);
              Py_DECREF(divisor);
              SET_TOP(quotient);
              if (quotient == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE): {
              PyObject *divisor = POP();
              PyObject *dividend = TOP();
              PyObject *quotient = PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(dividend, divisor);
              Py_DECREF(dividend);
              Py_DECREF(divisor);
              SET_TOP(quotient);
              if (quotient == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_MODULO): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *mod = PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(mod);
              if (mod == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_ADD): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *sum;
              if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(left) && PyUnicode_CheckExact(right)) {
                  sum = unicode_concatenate(tstate, left, right, frame, next_instr);
                  /* unicode_concatenate consumed the ref to left */
              }
              else {
                  sum = PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(left, right);
                  Py_DECREF(left);
              }
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(sum);
              if (sum == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_SUBTRACT): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *diff = PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(diff);
              if (diff == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_LSHIFT): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceLshift(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_RSHIFT): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceRshift(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_AND): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceAnd(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_XOR): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceXor(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(INPLACE_OR): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyNumber_InPlaceOr(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR): {
              PyObject *sub = TOP();
              PyObject *container = SECOND();
              PyObject *v = THIRD();
              int err;
              STACK_SHRINK(3);
              /* container[sub] = v */
              err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
              Py_DECREF(container);
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DELETE_SUBSCR): {
              PyObject *sub = TOP();
              PyObject *container = SECOND();
              int err;
              STACK_SHRINK(2);
              /* del container[sub] */
              err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
              Py_DECREF(container);
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(PRINT_EXPR): {
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(displayhook);
              PyObject *value = POP();
              PyObject *hook = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_displayhook);
              PyObject *res;
              if (hook == NULL) {
                  _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                   "lost sys.displayhook");
                  Py_DECREF(value);
                  goto error;
              }
              res = PyObject_CallOneArg(hook, value);
              Py_DECREF(value);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              Py_DECREF(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(RAISE_VARARGS): {
              PyObject *cause = NULL, *exc = NULL;
              switch (oparg) {
              case 2:
                  cause = POP(); /* cause */
                  /* fall through */
              case 1:
                  exc = POP(); /* exc */
                  /* fall through */
              case 0:
                  if (do_raise(tstate, exc, cause)) {
                      goto exception_unwind;
                  }
                  break;
              default:
                  _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                   "bad RAISE_VARARGS oparg");
                  break;
              }
              goto error;
          }
  
          case TARGET(RETURN_VALUE): {
              retval = POP();
              assert(EMPTY());
              frame->f_state = FRAME_RETURNED;
              frame->stackdepth = 0;
              goto exiting;
          }
  
          case TARGET(GET_AITER): {
              unaryfunc getter = NULL;
              PyObject *iter = NULL;
              PyObject *obj = TOP();
              PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
  
              if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                  getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
              }
  
              if (getter != NULL) {
                  iter = (*getter)(obj);
                  Py_DECREF(obj);
                  if (iter == NULL) {
                      SET_TOP(NULL);
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              else {
                  SET_TOP(NULL);
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                "'async for' requires an object with "
                                "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
                                type->tp_name);
                  Py_DECREF(obj);
                  goto error;
              }
  
              if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
                      Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
  
                  SET_TOP(NULL);
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                                "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
                                Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
                  Py_DECREF(iter);
                  goto error;
              }
  
              SET_TOP(iter);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(GET_ANEXT): {
              unaryfunc getter = NULL;
              PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
              PyObject *awaitable = NULL;
              PyObject *aiter = TOP();
              PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
  
              if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
                  awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
                  if (awaitable == NULL) {
                      goto error;
                  }
              } else {
                  if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
                      getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
                  }
  
                  if (getter != NULL) {
                      next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
                      if (next_iter == NULL) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                  }
                  else {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "'async for' requires an iterator with "
                                    "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
                                    type->tp_name);
                      goto error;
                  }
  
                  awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
                  if (awaitable == NULL) {
                      _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
                          PyExc_TypeError,
                          "'async for' received an invalid object "
                          "from __anext__: %.100s",
                          Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
  
                      Py_DECREF(next_iter);
                      goto error;
                  } else {
                      Py_DECREF(next_iter);
                  }
              }
  
              PUSH(awaitable);
              PREDICT(LOAD_CONST);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(GET_AWAITABLE): {
              PREDICTED(GET_AWAITABLE);
              PyObject *iterable = TOP();
              PyObject *iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
  
              if (iter == NULL) {
                  int opcode_at_minus_3 = 0;
                  if ((next_instr - first_instr) > 2) {
                      opcode_at_minus_3 = _Py_OPCODE(next_instr[-3]);
                  }
                  format_awaitable_error(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable),
                                         opcode_at_minus_3,
                                         _Py_OPCODE(next_instr[-2]));
              }
  
              Py_DECREF(iterable);
  
              if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
                  PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
                  if (yf != NULL) {
                      /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
                         awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
                         being awaited on. */
                      Py_DECREF(yf);
                      Py_CLEAR(iter);
                      _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                       "coroutine is being awaited already");
                      /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
                  }
              }
  
              SET_TOP(iter); /* Even if it's NULL */
  
              if (iter == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
  
              PREDICT(LOAD_CONST);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(YIELD_FROM): {
              PyObject *v = POP();
              PyObject *receiver = TOP();
              PySendResult gen_status;
              if (tstate->c_tracefunc == NULL) {
                  gen_status = PyIter_Send(receiver, v, &retval);
              } else {
                  _Py_IDENTIFIER(send);
                  if (Py_IsNone(v) && PyIter_Check(receiver)) {
                      retval = Py_TYPE(receiver)->tp_iternext(receiver);
                  }
                  else {
                      retval = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(receiver, &PyId_send, v);
                  }
                  if (retval == NULL) {
                      if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL
                              && _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration))
                          call_exc_trace(tstate->c_tracefunc, tstate->c_traceobj, tstate, frame);
                      if (_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval) == 0) {
                          gen_status = PYGEN_RETURN;
                      }
                      else {
                          gen_status = PYGEN_ERROR;
                      }
                  }
                  else {
                      gen_status = PYGEN_NEXT;
                  }
              }
              Py_DECREF(v);
              if (gen_status == PYGEN_ERROR) {
                  assert (retval == NULL);
                  goto error;
              }
              if (gen_status == PYGEN_RETURN) {
                  assert (retval != NULL);
  
                  Py_DECREF(receiver);
                  SET_TOP(retval);
                  retval = NULL;
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              assert (gen_status == PYGEN_NEXT);
              /* receiver remains on stack, retval is value to be yielded */
              /* and repeat... */
              assert(frame->f_lasti > 0);
              frame->f_lasti -= 1;
              frame->f_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED;
              frame->stackdepth = (int)(stack_pointer - frame->stack);
              goto exiting;
          }
  
          case TARGET(YIELD_VALUE): {
              retval = POP();
  
              if (co->co_flags & CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR) {
                  PyObject *w = _PyAsyncGenValueWrapperNew(retval);
                  Py_DECREF(retval);
                  if (w == NULL) {
                      retval = NULL;
                      goto error;
                  }
                  retval = w;
              }
              frame->f_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED;
              frame->stackdepth = (int)(stack_pointer - frame->stack);
              goto exiting;
          }
  
          case TARGET(GEN_START): {
              PyObject *none = POP();
              Py_DECREF(none);
              if (!Py_IsNone(none)) {
                  if (oparg > 2) {
                      _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                          "Illegal kind for GEN_START");
                  }
                  else {
                      static const char *gen_kind[3] = {
                          "generator",
                          "coroutine",
                          "async generator"
                      };
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                          "can't send non-None value to a "
                                  "just-started %s",
                                  gen_kind[oparg]);
                  }
                  goto error;
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(POP_EXCEPT): {
              PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
              _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info;
              exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
              type = exc_info->exc_type;
              value = exc_info->exc_value;
              traceback = exc_info->exc_traceback;
              exc_info->exc_type = POP();
              exc_info->exc_value = POP();
              exc_info->exc_traceback = POP();
              Py_XDECREF(type);
              Py_XDECREF(value);
              Py_XDECREF(traceback);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE): {
              PyObject *lasti = PEEK(4);
              if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
                  frame->f_lasti = PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
                  assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
              }
              else {
                  _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
                  goto error;
              }
              PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
              _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info;
              type = POP();
              value = POP();
              traceback = POP();
              Py_DECREF(POP()); /* lasti */
              _PyErr_Restore(tstate, type, value, traceback);
              exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
              type = exc_info->exc_type;
              value = exc_info->exc_value;
              traceback = exc_info->exc_traceback;
              exc_info->exc_type = POP();
              exc_info->exc_value = POP();
              exc_info->exc_traceback = POP();
              Py_XDECREF(type);
              Py_XDECREF(value);
              Py_XDECREF(traceback);
              goto exception_unwind;
          }
  
          case TARGET(RERAISE): {
              if (oparg) {
                  PyObject *lasti = PEEK(oparg+3);
                  if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
                      frame->f_lasti = PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
                      assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
                  }
                  else {
                      assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
                      _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              PyObject *exc = POP();
              PyObject *val = POP();
              PyObject *tb = POP();
              assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc));
              _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc, val, tb);
              goto exception_unwind;
          }
  
          case TARGET(END_ASYNC_FOR): {
              PyObject *exc = POP();
              PyObject *val = POP();
              PyObject *tb = POP();
              assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc));
              if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)) {
                  Py_DECREF(exc);
                  Py_DECREF(val);
                  Py_DECREF(tb);
                  Py_DECREF(POP());
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              else {
                  _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc, val, tb);
                  goto exception_unwind;
              }
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR): {
              PyObject *value = PyExc_AssertionError;
              Py_INCREF(value);
              PUSH(value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS): {
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(__build_class__);
  
              PyObject *bc;
              if (PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS())) {
                  bc = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(BUILTINS(), &PyId___build_class__);
                  if (bc == NULL) {
                      if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                           "__build_class__ not found");
                      }
                      goto error;
                  }
                  Py_INCREF(bc);
              }
              else {
                  PyObject *build_class_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___build_class__);
                  if (build_class_str == NULL)
                      goto error;
                  bc = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), build_class_str);
                  if (bc == NULL) {
                      if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError))
                          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                           "__build_class__ not found");
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              PUSH(bc);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_NAME): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *v = POP();
              PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
              int err;
              if (ns == NULL) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                "no locals found when storing %R", name);
                  Py_DECREF(v);
                  goto error;
              }
              if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
                  err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
              else
                  err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DELETE_NAME): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
              int err;
              if (ns == NULL) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                "no locals when deleting %R", name);
                  goto error;
              }
              err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
              if (err != 0) {
                  format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                       NAME_ERROR_MSG,
                                       name);
                  goto error;
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE): {
              PREDICTED(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
              PyObject *seq = POP(), *item, **items;
              if (PyTuple_CheckExact(seq) &&
                  PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) == oparg) {
                  items = ((PyTupleObject *)seq)->ob_item;
                  while (oparg--) {
                      item = items[oparg];
                      Py_INCREF(item);
                      PUSH(item);
                  }
              } else if (PyList_CheckExact(seq) &&
                         PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) == oparg) {
                  items = ((PyListObject *)seq)->ob_item;
                  while (oparg--) {
                      item = items[oparg];
                      Py_INCREF(item);
                      PUSH(item);
                  }
              } else if (unpack_iterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1,
                                         stack_pointer + oparg)) {
                  STACK_GROW(oparg);
              } else {
                  /* unpack_iterable() raised an exception */
                  Py_DECREF(seq);
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(seq);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(UNPACK_EX): {
              int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
              PyObject *seq = POP();
  
              if (unpack_iterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8,
                                  stack_pointer + totalargs)) {
                  stack_pointer += totalargs;
              } else {
                  Py_DECREF(seq);
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(seq);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_ATTR): {
              PREDICTED(STORE_ATTR);
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyObject *v = SECOND();
              int err;
              STACK_SHRINK(2);
              err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DELETE_ATTR): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *owner = POP();
              int err;
              err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, (PyObject *)NULL);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_GLOBAL): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *v = POP();
              int err;
              err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
              Py_DECREF(v);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DELETE_GLOBAL): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              int err;
              err = PyDict_DelItem(GLOBALS(), name);
              if (err != 0) {
                  if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                      format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                           NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                  }
                  goto error;
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_NAME): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *locals = LOCALS();
              PyObject *v;
              if (locals == NULL) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                "no locals when loading %R", name);
                  goto error;
              }
              if (PyDict_CheckExact(locals)) {
                  v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(locals, name);
                  if (v != NULL) {
                      Py_INCREF(v);
                  }
                  else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              else {
                  v = PyObject_GetItem(locals, name);
                  if (v == NULL) {
                      if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError))
                          goto error;
                      _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                  }
              }
              if (v == NULL) {
                  v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
                  if (v != NULL) {
                      Py_INCREF(v);
                  }
                  else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  else {
                      if (PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS())) {
                          v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(BUILTINS(), name);
                          if (v == NULL) {
                              if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                                  format_exc_check_arg(
                                          tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                          NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                              }
                              goto error;
                          }
                          Py_INCREF(v);
                      }
                      else {
                          v = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), name);
                          if (v == NULL) {
                              if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                                  format_exc_check_arg(
                                              tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                              NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                              }
                              goto error;
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              PUSH(v);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL): {
              PREDICTED(LOAD_GLOBAL);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, unquickened);
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *v;
              if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
                  && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
              {
                  v = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
                                         (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
                                         name);
                  if (v == NULL) {
                      if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                          /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
                           * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
                          format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                               NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                      }
                      goto error;
                  }
                  Py_INCREF(v);
              }
              else {
                  /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
  
                  /* namespace 1: globals */
                  name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
                  v = PyObject_GetItem(GLOBALS(), name);
                  if (v == NULL) {
                      if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                      _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
  
                      /* namespace 2: builtins */
                      v = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), name);
                      if (v == NULL) {
                          if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                              format_exc_check_arg(
                                          tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                          NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                          }
                          goto error;
                      }
                  }
              }
              PUSH(v);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_ADAPTIVE): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *cache = GET_CACHE();
              if (cache->adaptive.counter == 0) {
                  PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, cache->adaptive.original_oparg);
                  next_instr--;
                  if (_Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name, cache) < 0) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              else {
                  STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, deferred);
                  cache->adaptive.counter--;
                  oparg = cache->adaptive.original_oparg;
                  STAT_DEC(LOAD_GLOBAL, unquickened);
                  JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(LOAD_GLOBAL);
              }
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS()), LOAD_GLOBAL);
              PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyLoadGlobalCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].load_global;
              DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != cache1->module_keys_version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
              PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + cache0->index;
              PyObject *res = ep->me_value;
              DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              PUSH(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS()), LOAD_GLOBAL);
              DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()), LOAD_GLOBAL);
              PyDictObject *mdict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
              PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyLoadGlobalCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].load_global;
              DEOPT_IF(mdict->ma_keys->dk_version != cache1->module_keys_version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
              DEOPT_IF(bdict->ma_keys->dk_version != cache1->builtin_keys_version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
              PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys) + cache0->index;
              PyObject *res = ep->me_value;
              DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              PUSH(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DELETE_FAST): {
              PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
              if (v != NULL) {
                  SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              format_exc_check_arg(
                  tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                  UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                  PyTuple_GetItem(co->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                  );
              goto error;
          }
  
          case TARGET(MAKE_CELL): {
              // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
              // via PyFrame_LocalsToFast() before MAKE_CELL has run).
              PyObject *initial = GETLOCAL(oparg);
              PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
              if (cell == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              SETLOCAL(oparg, cell);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DELETE_DEREF): {
              PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
              PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
              if (oldobj != NULL) {
                  PyCell_SET(cell, NULL);
                  Py_DECREF(oldobj);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              format_exc_unbound(tstate, co, oparg);
              goto error;
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_CLASSDEREF): {
              PyObject *name, *value, *locals = LOCALS();
              assert(locals);
              assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < co->co_nlocalsplus);
              name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
              if (PyDict_CheckExact(locals)) {
                  value = PyDict_GetItemWithError(locals, name);
                  if (value != NULL) {
                      Py_INCREF(value);
                  }
                  else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              else {
                  value = PyObject_GetItem(locals, name);
                  if (value == NULL) {
                      if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                      _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                  }
              }
              if (!value) {
                  PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
                  value = PyCell_GET(cell);
                  if (value == NULL) {
                      format_exc_unbound(tstate, co, oparg);
                      goto error;
                  }
                  Py_INCREF(value);
              }
              PUSH(value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_DEREF): {
              PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
              PyObject *value = PyCell_GET(cell);
              if (value == NULL) {
                  format_exc_unbound(tstate, co, oparg);
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_INCREF(value);
              PUSH(value);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_DEREF): {
              PyObject *v = POP();
              PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
              PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
              PyCell_SET(cell, v);
              Py_XDECREF(oldobj);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_STRING): {
              PyObject *str;
              PyObject *empty = PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
              if (empty == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(empty, stack_pointer - oparg, oparg);
              Py_DECREF(empty);
              if (str == NULL)
                  goto error;
              while (--oparg >= 0) {
                  PyObject *item = POP();
                  Py_DECREF(item);
              }
              PUSH(str);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_TUPLE): {
              PyObject *tup = PyTuple_New(oparg);
              if (tup == NULL)
                  goto error;
              while (--oparg >= 0) {
                  PyObject *item = POP();
                  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tup, oparg, item);
              }
              PUSH(tup);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_LIST): {
              PyObject *list =  PyList_New(oparg);
              if (list == NULL)
                  goto error;
              while (--oparg >= 0) {
                  PyObject *item = POP();
                  PyList_SET_ITEM(list, oparg, item);
              }
              PUSH(list);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LIST_TO_TUPLE): {
              PyObject *list = POP();
              PyObject *tuple = PyList_AsTuple(list);
              Py_DECREF(list);
              if (tuple == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              PUSH(tuple);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LIST_EXTEND): {
              PyObject *iterable = POP();
              PyObject *list = PEEK(oparg);
              PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
              if (none_val == NULL) {
                  if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
                     (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                  {
                      _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                            Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
                  }
                  Py_DECREF(iterable);
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(none_val);
              Py_DECREF(iterable);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(SET_UPDATE): {
              PyObject *iterable = POP();
              PyObject *set = PEEK(oparg);
              int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
              Py_DECREF(iterable);
              if (err < 0) {
                  goto error;
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_SET): {
              PyObject *set = PySet_New(NULL);
              int err = 0;
              int i;
              if (set == NULL)
                  goto error;
              for (i = oparg; i > 0; i--) {
                  PyObject *item = PEEK(i);
                  if (err == 0)
                      err = PySet_Add(set, item);
                  Py_DECREF(item);
              }
              STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
              if (err != 0) {
                  Py_DECREF(set);
                  goto error;
              }
              PUSH(set);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_MAP): {
              Py_ssize_t i;
              PyObject *map = _PyDict_NewPresized((Py_ssize_t)oparg);
              if (map == NULL)
                  goto error;
              for (i = oparg; i > 0; i--) {
                  int err;
                  PyObject *key = PEEK(2*i);
                  PyObject *value = PEEK(2*i - 1);
                  err = PyDict_SetItem(map, key, value);
                  if (err != 0) {
                      Py_DECREF(map);
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
  
              while (oparg--) {
                  Py_DECREF(POP());
                  Py_DECREF(POP());
              }
              PUSH(map);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS): {
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(__annotations__);
              int err;
              PyObject *ann_dict;
              if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                "no locals found when setting up annotations");
                  goto error;
              }
              /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
              if (PyDict_CheckExact(LOCALS())) {
                  ann_dict = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(LOCALS(),
                                               &PyId___annotations__);
                  if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                      if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                      /* ...if not, create a new one */
                      ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                      if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                      err = _PyDict_SetItemId(LOCALS(),
                                              &PyId___annotations__, ann_dict);
                      Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                      if (err != 0) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                  }
              }
              else {
                  /* do the same if locals() is not a dict */
                  PyObject *ann_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___annotations__);
                  if (ann_str == NULL) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  ann_dict = PyObject_GetItem(LOCALS(), ann_str);
                  if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                      if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                      _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                      ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                      if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                      err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), ann_str, ann_dict);
                      Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                      if (err != 0) {
                          goto error;
                      }
                  }
                  else {
                      Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                  }
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP): {
              Py_ssize_t i;
              PyObject *map;
              PyObject *keys = TOP();
              if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(keys) ||
                  PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) != (Py_ssize_t)oparg) {
                  _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                   "bad BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP keys argument");
                  goto error;
              }
              map = _PyDict_NewPresized((Py_ssize_t)oparg);
              if (map == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              for (i = oparg; i > 0; i--) {
                  int err;
                  PyObject *key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, oparg - i);
                  PyObject *value = PEEK(i + 1);
                  err = PyDict_SetItem(map, key, value);
                  if (err != 0) {
                      Py_DECREF(map);
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
  
              Py_DECREF(POP());
              while (oparg--) {
                  Py_DECREF(POP());
              }
              PUSH(map);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DICT_UPDATE): {
              PyObject *update = POP();
              PyObject *dict = PEEK(oparg);
              if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
                  if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                      "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
                                      Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
                  }
                  Py_DECREF(update);
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(update);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(DICT_MERGE): {
              PyObject *update = POP();
              PyObject *dict = PEEK(oparg);
  
              if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
                  format_kwargs_error(tstate, PEEK(2 + oparg), update);
                  Py_DECREF(update);
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(update);
              PREDICT(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(MAP_ADD): {
              PyObject *value = TOP();
              PyObject *key = SECOND();
              PyObject *map;
              int err;
              STACK_SHRINK(2);
              map = PEEK(oparg);                      /* dict */
              assert(PyDict_CheckExact(map));
              err = PyDict_SetItem(map, key, value);  /* map[key] = value */
              Py_DECREF(value);
              Py_DECREF(key);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              PREDICT(JUMP_ABSOLUTE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ATTR): {
              PREDICTED(LOAD_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, unquickened);
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              SET_TOP(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_ADAPTIVE): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *cache = GET_CACHE();
              if (cache->adaptive.counter == 0) {
                  PyObject *owner = TOP();
                  PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, cache->adaptive.original_oparg);
                  next_instr--;
                  if (_Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name, cache) < 0) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              else {
                  STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, deferred);
                  cache->adaptive.counter--;
                  oparg = cache->adaptive.original_oparg;
                  STAT_DEC(LOAD_ATTR, unquickened);
                  JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(LOAD_ATTR);
              }
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_SPLIT_KEYS): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              assert(cache1->tp_version != 0);
              DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != cache1->tp_version, LOAD_ATTR);
              assert(tp->tp_dictoffset > 0);
              PyDictObject *dict = *(PyDictObject **)(((char *)owner) + tp->tp_dictoffset);
              DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
              assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
              DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != cache1->dk_version_or_hint, LOAD_ATTR);
              res = dict->ma_values[cache0->index];
              DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner), LOAD_ATTR);
              PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
              assert(dict != NULL);
              DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != cache1->dk_version_or_hint, LOAD_ATTR);
              assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
              assert(cache0->index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
              PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + cache0->index;
              res = ep->me_value;
              DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              assert(cache1->tp_version != 0);
              DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != cache1->tp_version, LOAD_ATTR);
              assert(tp->tp_dictoffset > 0);
              PyDictObject *dict = *(PyDictObject **)(((char *)owner) + tp->tp_dictoffset);
              DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
              assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, cache0->original_oparg);
              uint32_t hint = cache1->dk_version_or_hint;
              DEOPT_IF(hint >= dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, LOAD_ATTR);
              PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
              DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
              res = ep->me_value;
              DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              assert(cache1->tp_version != 0);
              DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != cache1->tp_version, LOAD_ATTR);
              char *addr = (char *)owner + cache0->index;
              res = *(PyObject **)addr;
              DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              Py_INCREF(res);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_ATTR_ADAPTIVE): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *cache = GET_CACHE();
              if (cache->adaptive.counter == 0) {
                  PyObject *owner = TOP();
                  PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, cache->adaptive.original_oparg);
                  next_instr--;
                  if (_Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name, cache) < 0) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              else {
                  STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, deferred);
                  cache->adaptive.counter--;
                  oparg = cache->adaptive.original_oparg;
                  JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(STORE_ATTR);
              }
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_ATTR_SPLIT_KEYS): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              assert(cache1->tp_version != 0);
              DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != cache1->tp_version, STORE_ATTR);
              assert(tp->tp_dictoffset > 0);
              PyDictObject *dict = *(PyDictObject **)(((char *)owner) + tp->tp_dictoffset);
              DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
              assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
              DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != cache1->dk_version_or_hint, STORE_ATTR);
              /* Need to maintain ordering of dicts */
              DEOPT_IF(cache0->index > 0 && dict->ma_values[cache0->index-1] == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              PyObject *value = POP();
              PyObject *old_value = dict->ma_values[cache0->index];
              dict->ma_values[cache0->index] = value;
              if (old_value == NULL) {
                  dict->ma_used++;
              }
              else {
                  Py_DECREF(old_value);
              }
              /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
              if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
                  _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
              }
              /* PEP 509 */
              dict->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              assert(cache1->tp_version != 0);
              DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != cache1->tp_version, STORE_ATTR);
              assert(tp->tp_dictoffset > 0);
              PyDictObject *dict = *(PyDictObject **)(((char *)owner) + tp->tp_dictoffset);
              DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
              assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, cache0->original_oparg);
              uint32_t hint = cache1->dk_version_or_hint;
              DEOPT_IF(hint >= dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, STORE_ATTR);
              PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
              DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
              PyObject *old_value = ep->me_value;
              DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
              STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              PyObject *value = POP();
              ep->me_value = value;
              Py_DECREF(old_value);
              /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
              if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
                  _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
              }
              /* PEP 509 */
              dict->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(STORE_ATTR_SLOT): {
              assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
              PyObject *owner = TOP();
              PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
              SpecializedCacheEntry *caches = GET_CACHE();
              _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache0 = &caches[0].adaptive;
              _PyAttrCache *cache1 = &caches[-1].attr;
              assert(cache1->tp_version != 0);
              DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != cache1->tp_version, STORE_ATTR);
              char *addr = (char *)owner + cache0->index;
              STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
              record_cache_hit(cache0);
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              PyObject *value = POP();
              PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
              *(PyObject **)addr = value;
              Py_XDECREF(old_value);
              Py_DECREF(owner);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(COMPARE_OP): {
              assert(oparg <= Py_GE);
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              PyObject *res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg);
              SET_TOP(res);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
              PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(IS_OP): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = TOP();
              int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
              PyObject *b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
              Py_INCREF(b);
              SET_TOP(b);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
              PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(CONTAINS_OP): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = POP();
              int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              if (res < 0) {
                  goto error;
              }
              PyObject *b = (res^oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
              Py_INCREF(b);
              PUSH(b);
              PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
              PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
  #define CANNOT_CATCH_MSG "catching classes that do not inherit from "\
                           "BaseException is not allowed"
  
          case TARGET(JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH): {
              PyObject *right = POP();
              PyObject *left = POP();
              if (PyTuple_Check(right)) {
                  Py_ssize_t i, length;
                  length = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(right);
                  for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                      PyObject *exc = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(right, i);
                      if (!PyExceptionClass_Check(exc)) {
                          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                          CANNOT_CATCH_MSG);
                          Py_DECREF(left);
                          Py_DECREF(right);
                          goto error;
                      }
                  }
              }
              else {
                  if (!PyExceptionClass_Check(right)) {
                      _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                      CANNOT_CATCH_MSG);
                      Py_DECREF(left);
                      Py_DECREF(right);
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
              Py_DECREF(left);
              Py_DECREF(right);
              if (res > 0) {
                  /* Exception matches -- Do nothing */;
              }
              else if (res == 0) {
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
              }
              else {
                  goto error;
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(IMPORT_NAME): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *fromlist = POP();
              PyObject *level = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              res = import_name(tstate, frame, name, fromlist, level);
              Py_DECREF(level);
              Py_DECREF(fromlist);
              SET_TOP(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(IMPORT_STAR): {
              PyObject *from = POP(), *locals;
              int err;
              if (_PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(frame) < 0) {
                  Py_DECREF(from);
                  goto error;
              }
  
              locals = LOCALS();
              if (locals == NULL) {
                  _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                   "no locals found during 'import *'");
                  Py_DECREF(from);
                  goto error;
              }
              err = import_all_from(tstate, locals, from);
              _PyFrame_LocalsToFast(frame, 0);
              Py_DECREF(from);
              if (err != 0)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(IMPORT_FROM): {
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *from = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              res = import_from(tstate, from, name);
              PUSH(res);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(JUMP_FORWARD): {
              JUMPBY(oparg);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE): {
              PREDICTED(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
              PyObject *cond = POP();
              int err;
              if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
                  CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
              Py_DECREF(cond);
              if (err > 0)
                  ;
              else if (err == 0) {
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
                  CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              }
              else
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE): {
              PREDICTED(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
              PyObject *cond = POP();
              int err;
              if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
                  CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
              Py_DECREF(cond);
              if (err > 0) {
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
                  CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              }
              else if (err == 0)
                  ;
              else
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP): {
              PyObject *cond = TOP();
              int err;
              if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
                  STACK_SHRINK(1);
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
              if (err > 0) {
                  STACK_SHRINK(1);
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
              }
              else if (err == 0)
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
              else
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP): {
              PyObject *cond = TOP();
              int err;
              if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
                  STACK_SHRINK(1);
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
              if (err > 0) {
                  JUMPTO(oparg);
              }
              else if (err == 0) {
                  STACK_SHRINK(1);
                  Py_DECREF(cond);
              }
              else
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(JUMP_ABSOLUTE): {
              PREDICTED(JUMP_ABSOLUTE);
              if (oparg < INSTR_OFFSET()) {
                  /* Increment the warmup counter and quicken if warm enough
                  * _Py_Quicken is idempotent so we don't worry about overflow */
                  if (!PyCodeObject_IsWarmedUp(co)) {
                      PyCodeObject_IncrementWarmup(co);
                      if (PyCodeObject_IsWarmedUp(co)) {
                          if (_Py_Quicken(co)) {
                              goto error;
                          }
                          int nexti = INSTR_OFFSET();
                          first_instr = co->co_firstinstr;
                          next_instr = first_instr + nexti;
                      }
                  }
              }
              JUMPTO(oparg);
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(JUMP_ABSOLUTE_QUICK): {
              JUMPTO(oparg);
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(GET_LEN): {
              // PUSH(len(TOS))
              Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(TOP());
              if (len_i < 0) {
                  goto error;
              }
              PyObject *len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
              if (len_o == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              PUSH(len_o);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(MATCH_CLASS): {
              // Pop TOS. On success, set TOS to True and TOS1 to a tuple of
              // attributes. On failure, set TOS to False.
              PyObject *names = POP();
              PyObject *type = TOP();
              PyObject *subject = SECOND();
              assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
              PyObject *attrs = match_class(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
              Py_DECREF(names);
              if (attrs) {
                  // Success!
                  assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));
                  Py_DECREF(subject);
                  SET_SECOND(attrs);
              }
              else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                  goto error;
              }
              Py_DECREF(type);
              SET_TOP(PyBool_FromLong(!!attrs));
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(MATCH_MAPPING): {
              PyObject *subject = TOP();
              int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
              PyObject *res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
              Py_INCREF(res);
              PUSH(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(MATCH_SEQUENCE): {
              PyObject *subject = TOP();
              int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
              PyObject *res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
              Py_INCREF(res);
              PUSH(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(MATCH_KEYS): {
              // On successful match for all keys, PUSH(values) and PUSH(True).
              // Otherwise, PUSH(None) and PUSH(False).
              PyObject *keys = TOP();
              PyObject *subject = SECOND();
              PyObject *values_or_none = match_keys(tstate, subject, keys);
              if (values_or_none == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              PUSH(values_or_none);
              if (Py_IsNone(values_or_none)) {
                  Py_INCREF(Py_False);
                  PUSH(Py_False);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(values_or_none));
              Py_INCREF(Py_True);
              PUSH(Py_True);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(COPY_DICT_WITHOUT_KEYS): {
              // rest = dict(TOS1)
              // for key in TOS:
              //     del rest[key]
              // SET_TOP(rest)
              PyObject *keys = TOP();
              PyObject *subject = SECOND();
              PyObject *rest = PyDict_New();
              if (rest == NULL || PyDict_Update(rest, subject)) {
                  Py_XDECREF(rest);
                  goto error;
              }
              // This may seem a bit inefficient, but keys is rarely big enough to
              // actually impact runtime.
              assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(keys));
              for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys); i++) {
                  if (PyDict_DelItem(rest, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, i))) {
                      Py_DECREF(rest);
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              Py_DECREF(keys);
              SET_TOP(rest);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(GET_ITER): {
              /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
              PyObject *iterable = TOP();
              PyObject *iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
              Py_DECREF(iterable);
              SET_TOP(iter);
              if (iter == NULL)
                  goto error;
              PREDICT(FOR_ITER);
              PREDICT(CALL_FUNCTION);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER): {
              /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
              PyObject *iterable = TOP();
              PyObject *iter;
              if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
                  /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                  if (!(co->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                      /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
                         regular generator. */
                      Py_DECREF(iterable);
                      SET_TOP(NULL);
                      _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                       "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
                                       "in a non-coroutine generator");
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              else if (!PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
                  /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
                  iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
                  Py_DECREF(iterable);
                  SET_TOP(iter);
                  if (iter == NULL)
                      goto error;
              }
              PREDICT(LOAD_CONST);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(FOR_ITER): {
              PREDICTED(FOR_ITER);
              /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] */
              PyObject *iter = TOP();
              PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
              if (next != NULL) {
                  PUSH(next);
                  PREDICT(STORE_FAST);
                  PREDICT(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
                  DISPATCH();
              }
              if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                  if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
                      goto error;
                  }
                  else if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL) {
                      call_exc_trace(tstate->c_tracefunc, tstate->c_traceobj, tstate, frame);
                  }
                  _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
              }
              /* iterator ended normally */
              STACK_SHRINK(1);
              Py_DECREF(iter);
              JUMPBY(oparg);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH): {
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(__aenter__);
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(__aexit__);
              PyObject *mgr = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___aenter__);
              if (enter == NULL) {
                  if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                    "asynchronous context manager protocol",
                                    Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                  }
                  goto error;
              }
              PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___aexit__);
              if (exit == NULL) {
                  if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                    "asynchronous context manager protocol "
                                    "(missed __aexit__ method)",
                                    Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                  }
                  Py_DECREF(enter);
                  goto error;
              }
              SET_TOP(exit);
              Py_DECREF(mgr);
              res = _PyObject_CallNoArg(enter);
              Py_DECREF(enter);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
              PUSH(res);
              PREDICT(GET_AWAITABLE);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BEFORE_WITH): {
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(__enter__);
              _Py_IDENTIFIER(__exit__);
              PyObject *mgr = TOP();
              PyObject *res;
              PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___enter__);
              if (enter == NULL) {
                  if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                    "context manager protocol",
                                    Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                  }
                  goto error;
              }
              PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___exit__);
              if (exit == NULL) {
                  if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                    "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                    "context manager protocol "
                                    "(missed __exit__ method)",
                                    Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                  }
                  Py_DECREF(enter);
                  goto error;
              }
              SET_TOP(exit);
              Py_DECREF(mgr);
              res = _PyObject_CallNoArg(enter);
              Py_DECREF(enter);
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              PUSH(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(WITH_EXCEPT_START): {
              /* At the top of the stack are 8 values:
                 - (TOP, SECOND, THIRD) = exc_info()
                 - (FOURTH, FIFTH, SIXTH) = previous exception
                 - SEVENTH: lasti of exception in exc_info()
                 - EIGHTH: the context.__exit__ bound method
                 We call EIGHTH(TOP, SECOND, THIRD).
                 Then we push again the TOP exception and the __exit__
                 return value.
              */
              PyObject *exit_func;
              PyObject *exc, *val, *tb, *res;
  
              exc = TOP();
              val = SECOND();
              tb = THIRD();
              assert(!Py_IsNone(exc));
              assert(!PyLong_Check(exc));
              assert(PyLong_Check(PEEK(7)));
              exit_func = PEEK(8);
              PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
              res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
                      3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
              if (res == NULL)
                  goto error;
  
              PUSH(res);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(PUSH_EXC_INFO): {
              PyObject *type = TOP();
              PyObject *value = SECOND();
              PyObject *tb = THIRD();
              _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
              SET_THIRD(exc_info->exc_traceback);
              SET_SECOND(exc_info->exc_value);
              if (exc_info->exc_type != NULL) {
                  SET_TOP(exc_info->exc_type);
              }
              else {
                  Py_INCREF(Py_None);
                  SET_TOP(Py_None);
              }
              Py_INCREF(tb);
              PUSH(tb);
              exc_info->exc_traceback = tb;
  
              Py_INCREF(value);
              PUSH(value);
              assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(value));
              exc_info->exc_value = value;
  
              Py_INCREF(type);
              PUSH(type);
              assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(type));
              exc_info->exc_type = type;
  
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(LOAD_METHOD): {
              /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL_METHOD. */
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *obj = TOP();
              PyObject *meth = NULL;
  
              int meth_found = _PyObject_GetMethod(obj, name, &meth);
  
              if (meth == NULL) {
                  /* Most likely attribute wasn't found. */
                  goto error;
              }
  
              if (meth_found) {
                  /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                     meth is unbound method and obj is self.
  
                     meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                   */
                  SET_TOP(meth);
                  PUSH(obj);  // self
              }
              else {
                  /* meth is not an unbound method (but a regular attr, or
                     something was returned by a descriptor protocol).  Set
                     the second element of the stack to NULL, to signal
                     CALL_METHOD that it's not a method call.
  
                     NULL | meth | arg1 | ... | argN
                  */
                  SET_TOP(NULL);
                  Py_DECREF(obj);
                  PUSH(meth);
              }
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(CALL_METHOD): {
              /* Designed to work in tamdem with LOAD_METHOD. */
              PyObject **sp, *res;
              int meth_found;
  
              sp = stack_pointer;
              /* `meth` is NULL when LOAD_METHOD thinks that it's not
                  a method call.
  
                  Stack layout:
  
                         ... | NULL | callable | arg1 | ... | argN
                                                              ^- TOP()
                                                 ^- (-oparg)
                                      ^- (-oparg-1)
                               ^- (-oparg-2)
  
                  `callable` will be POPed by call_function.
                  NULL will will be POPed manually later.
                  If `meth` isn't NULL, it's a method call.  Stack layout:
  
                       ... | method | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                                                          ^- TOP()
                                             ^- (-oparg)
                                      ^- (-oparg-1)
                             ^- (-oparg-2)
  
                 `self` and `method` will be POPed by call_function.
                 We'll be passing `oparg + 1` to call_function, to
                 make it accept the `self` as a first argument.
              */
              meth_found = (PEEK(oparg + 2) != NULL);
              res = call_function(tstate, &sp, oparg + meth_found, NULL, cframe.use_tracing);
              stack_pointer = sp;
  
              STACK_SHRINK(1 - meth_found);
              PUSH(res);
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
          case TARGET(CALL_METHOD_KW): {
              /* Designed to work in tandem with LOAD_METHOD. Same as CALL_METHOD
              but pops TOS to get a tuple of keyword names. */
              PyObject **sp, *res;
              PyObject *names = NULL;
              int meth_found;
  
              names = POP();
  
              sp = stack_pointer;
              meth_found = (PEEK(oparg + 2) != NULL);
              res = call_function(tstate, &sp, oparg + meth_found, names, cframe.use_tracing);
              stack_pointer = sp;
  
              STACK_SHRINK(1 - meth_found);
              PUSH(res);
              Py_DECREF(names);
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
          case TARGET(CALL_FUNCTION): {
              PREDICTED(CALL_FUNCTION);
              PyObject **sp, *res;
              sp = stack_pointer;
              res = call_function(tstate, &sp, oparg, NULL, cframe.use_tracing);
              stack_pointer = sp;
              PUSH(res);
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(CALL_FUNCTION_KW): {
              PyObject **sp, *res, *names;
  
              names = POP();
              assert(PyTuple_Check(names));
              assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(names) <= oparg);
              /* We assume without checking that names contains only strings */
              sp = stack_pointer;
              res = call_function(tstate, &sp, oparg, names, cframe.use_tracing);
              stack_pointer = sp;
              PUSH(res);
              Py_DECREF(names);
  
              if (res == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(CALL_FUNCTION_EX): {
              PREDICTED(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
              PyObject *func, *callargs, *kwargs = NULL, *result;
              if (oparg & 0x01) {
                  kwargs = POP();
                  if (!PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs)) {
                      PyObject *d = PyDict_New();
                      if (d == NULL)
                          goto error;
                      if (_PyDict_MergeEx(d, kwargs, 2) < 0) {
                          Py_DECREF(d);
                          format_kwargs_error(tstate, SECOND(), kwargs);
                          Py_DECREF(kwargs);
                          goto error;
                      }
                      Py_DECREF(kwargs);
                      kwargs = d;
                  }
                  assert(PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
              }
              callargs = POP();
              func = TOP();
              if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs)) {
                  if (check_args_iterable(tstate, func, callargs) < 0) {
                      Py_DECREF(callargs);
                      goto error;
                  }
                  Py_SETREF(callargs, PySequence_Tuple(callargs));
                  if (callargs == NULL) {
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
              assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
  
              result = do_call_core(tstate, func, callargs, kwargs, cframe.use_tracing);
              Py_DECREF(func);
              Py_DECREF(callargs);
              Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
  
              SET_TOP(result);
              if (result == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
              CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(MAKE_FUNCTION): {
              PyObject *codeobj = POP();
              PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)
                  PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
  
              Py_DECREF(codeobj);
              if (func == NULL) {
                  goto error;
              }
  
              if (oparg & 0x08) {
                  assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(TOP()));
                  func->func_closure = POP();
              }
              if (oparg & 0x04) {
                  assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(TOP()));
                  func->func_annotations = POP();
              }
              if (oparg & 0x02) {
                  assert(PyDict_CheckExact(TOP()));
                  func->func_kwdefaults = POP();
              }
              if (oparg & 0x01) {
                  assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(TOP()));
                  func->func_defaults = POP();
              }
  
              PUSH((PyObject *)func);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(BUILD_SLICE): {
              PyObject *start, *stop, *step, *slice;
              if (oparg == 3)
                  step = POP();
              else
                  step = NULL;
              stop = POP();
              start = TOP();
              slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
              Py_DECREF(start);
              Py_DECREF(stop);
              Py_XDECREF(step);
              SET_TOP(slice);
              if (slice == NULL)
                  goto error;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(FORMAT_VALUE): {
              /* Handles f-string value formatting. */
              PyObject *result;
              PyObject *fmt_spec;
              PyObject *value;
              PyObject *(*conv_fn)(PyObject *);
              int which_conversion = oparg & FVC_MASK;
              int have_fmt_spec = (oparg & FVS_MASK) == FVS_HAVE_SPEC;
  
              fmt_spec = have_fmt_spec ? POP() : NULL;
              value = POP();
  
              /* See if any conversion is specified. */
              switch (which_conversion) {
              case FVC_NONE:  conv_fn = NULL;           break;
              case FVC_STR:   conv_fn = PyObject_Str;   break;
              case FVC_REPR:  conv_fn = PyObject_Repr;  break;
              case FVC_ASCII: conv_fn = PyObject_ASCII; break;
              default:
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                "unexpected conversion flag %d",
                                which_conversion);
                  goto error;
              }
  
              /* If there's a conversion function, call it and replace
                 value with that result. Otherwise, just use value,
                 without conversion. */
              if (conv_fn != NULL) {
                  result = conv_fn(value);
                  Py_DECREF(value);
                  if (result == NULL) {
                      Py_XDECREF(fmt_spec);
                      goto error;
                  }
                  value = result;
              }
  
              /* If value is a unicode object, and there's no fmt_spec,
                 then we know the result of format(value) is value
                 itself. In that case, skip calling format(). I plan to
                 move this optimization in to PyObject_Format()
                 itself. */
              if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(value) && fmt_spec == NULL) {
                  /* Do nothing, just transfer ownership to result. */
                  result = value;
              } else {
                  /* Actually call format(). */
                  result = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
                  Py_DECREF(value);
                  Py_XDECREF(fmt_spec);
                  if (result == NULL) {
                      goto error;
                  }
              }
  
              PUSH(result);
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(ROT_N): {
              PyObject *top = TOP();
              memmove(&PEEK(oparg - 1), &PEEK(oparg),
                      sizeof(PyObject*) * (oparg - 1));
              PEEK(oparg) = top;
              DISPATCH();
          }
  
          case TARGET(EXTENDED_ARG): {
              int oldoparg = oparg;
              NEXTOPARG();
              oparg |= oldoparg << 8;
              goto dispatch_opcode;
          }
  
  
  #if USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS
          _unknown_opcode:
  #endif
          default:
              fprintf(stderr,
                  "XXX lineno: %d, opcode: %d\n",
                  PyCode_Addr2Line(frame->f_code, frame->f_lasti*2),
                  opcode);
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "unknown opcode");
              goto error;
  
          } /* switch */
  
          /* This should never be reached. Every opcode should end with DISPATCH()
             or goto error. */
          Py_UNREACHABLE();
  
  /* Specialization misses */
  
  #define MISS_WITH_CACHE(opname) \
  opname ## _miss: \
      { \
          STAT_INC(opname, miss); \
          _PyAdaptiveEntry *cache = &GET_CACHE()->adaptive; \
          record_cache_miss(cache); \
          if (too_many_cache_misses(cache)) { \
              next_instr[-1] = _Py_MAKECODEUNIT(opname ## _ADAPTIVE, _Py_OPARG(next_instr[-1])); \
              STAT_INC(opname, deopt); \
              cache_backoff(cache); \
          } \
          oparg = cache->original_oparg; \
          STAT_DEC(opname, unquickened); \
          JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(opname); \
      }
  
  #define MISS_WITH_OPARG_COUNTER(opname) \
  opname ## _miss: \
      { \
          STAT_INC(opname, miss); \
          uint8_t oparg = saturating_decrement(_Py_OPARG(next_instr[-1])); \
          UPDATE_PREV_INSTR_OPARG(next_instr, oparg); \
          assert(_Py_OPARG(next_instr[-1]) == oparg); \
          if (oparg == saturating_zero()) /* too many cache misses */ { \
              oparg = ADAPTIVE_CACHE_BACKOFF; \
              next_instr[-1] = _Py_MAKECODEUNIT(opname ## _ADAPTIVE, oparg); \
              STAT_INC(opname, deopt); \
          } \
          STAT_DEC(opname, unquickened); \
          JUMP_TO_INSTRUCTION(opname); \
      }
  
  MISS_WITH_CACHE(LOAD_ATTR)
  MISS_WITH_CACHE(STORE_ATTR)
  MISS_WITH_CACHE(LOAD_GLOBAL)
  MISS_WITH_OPARG_COUNTER(BINARY_SUBSCR)
  
  binary_subscr_dict_error:
          {
              PyObject *sub = POP();
              if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                  _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
              }
              Py_DECREF(sub);
              goto error;
          }
  
  error:
          /* Double-check exception status. */
  #ifdef NDEBUG
          if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                               "error return without exception set");
          }
  #else
          assert(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
  #endif
  
          /* Log traceback info. */
          PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(frame);
          if (f != NULL) {
              PyTraceBack_Here(f);
          }
  
          if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL) {
              /* Make sure state is set to FRAME_EXECUTING for tracing */
              assert(frame->f_state == FRAME_EXECUTING);
              frame->f_state = FRAME_UNWINDING;
              call_exc_trace(tstate->c_tracefunc, tstate->c_traceobj,
                             tstate, frame);
          }
  
  exception_unwind:
          frame->f_state = FRAME_UNWINDING;
          /* We can't use frame->f_lasti here, as RERAISE may have set it */
          int offset = INSTR_OFFSET()-1;
          int level, handler, lasti;
          if (get_exception_handler(co, offset, &level, &handler, &lasti) == 0) {
              // No handlers, so exit.
              break;
          }
  
          assert(STACK_LEVEL() >= level);
          while (STACK_LEVEL() > level) {
              PyObject *v = POP();
              Py_XDECREF(v);
          }
          PyObject *exc, *val, *tb;
          if (lasti) {
              PyObject *lasti = PyLong_FromLong(frame->f_lasti);
              if (lasti == NULL) {
                  goto exception_unwind;
              }
              PUSH(lasti);
          }
          _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &exc, &val, &tb);
          /* Make the raw exception data
              available to the handler,
              so a program can emulate the
              Python main loop. */
          _PyErr_NormalizeException(tstate, &exc, &val, &tb);
          if (tb != NULL)
              PyException_SetTraceback(val, tb);
          else
              PyException_SetTraceback(val, Py_None);
          if (tb == NULL) {
              tb = Py_None;
              Py_INCREF(Py_None);
          }
          PUSH(tb);
          PUSH(val);
          PUSH(exc);
          JUMPTO(handler);
          /* Resume normal execution */
          frame->f_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
          frame->f_lasti = handler;
          NEXTOPARG();
          goto dispatch_opcode;
      } /* main loop */
  
      assert(retval == NULL);
      assert(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
  
      /* Pop remaining stack entries. */
      while (!EMPTY()) {
          PyObject *o = POP();
          Py_XDECREF(o);
      }
      frame->stackdepth = 0;
      frame->f_state = FRAME_RAISED;
  exiting:
      if (cframe.use_tracing) {
          if (tstate->c_tracefunc) {
              if (call_trace_protected(tstate->c_tracefunc, tstate->c_traceobj,
                                       tstate, frame, PyTrace_RETURN, retval)) {
                  Py_CLEAR(retval);
              }
          }
          if (tstate->c_profilefunc) {
              if (call_trace_protected(tstate->c_profilefunc, tstate->c_profileobj,
                                       tstate, frame, PyTrace_RETURN, retval)) {
                  Py_CLEAR(retval);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /* pop frame */
  exit_eval_frame:
      /* Restore previous cframe */
      tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = cframe.use_tracing;
  
      if (PyDTrace_FUNCTION_RETURN_ENABLED())
          dtrace_function_return(frame);
      _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
      tstate->frame = frame->previous;
      return _Py_CheckFunctionResult(tstate, NULL, retval, __func__);
  }
  
  static void
  format_missing(PyThreadState *tstate, const char *kind,
                 PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *names, PyObject *qualname)
  {
      int err;
      Py_ssize_t len = PyList_GET_SIZE(names);
      PyObject *name_str, *comma, *tail, *tmp;
  
      assert(PyList_CheckExact(names));
      assert(len >= 1);
      /* Deal with the joys of natural language. */
      switch (len) {
      case 1:
          name_str = PyList_GET_ITEM(names, 0);
          Py_INCREF(name_str);
          break;
      case 2:
          name_str = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U and %U",
                                          PyList_GET_ITEM(names, len - 2),
                                          PyList_GET_ITEM(names, len - 1));
          break;
      default:
          tail = PyUnicode_FromFormat(", %U, and %U",
                                      PyList_GET_ITEM(names, len - 2),
                                      PyList_GET_ITEM(names, len - 1));
          if (tail == NULL)
              return;
          /* Chop off the last two objects in the list. This shouldn't actually
             fail, but we can't be too careful. */
          err = PyList_SetSlice(names, len - 2, len, NULL);
          if (err == -1) {
              Py_DECREF(tail);
              return;
          }
          /* Stitch everything up into a nice comma-separated list. */
          comma = PyUnicode_FromString(", ");
          if (comma == NULL) {
              Py_DECREF(tail);
              return;
          }
          tmp = PyUnicode_Join(comma, names);
          Py_DECREF(comma);
          if (tmp == NULL) {
              Py_DECREF(tail);
              return;
          }
          name_str = PyUnicode_Concat(tmp, tail);
          Py_DECREF(tmp);
          Py_DECREF(tail);
          break;
      }
      if (name_str == NULL)
          return;
      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                    "%U() missing %i required %s argument%s: %U",
                    qualname,
                    len,
                    kind,
                    len == 1 ? "" : "s",
                    name_str);
      Py_DECREF(name_str);
  }
  
  static void
  missing_arguments(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
                    Py_ssize_t missing, Py_ssize_t defcount,
                    PyObject **localsplus, PyObject *qualname)
  {
      Py_ssize_t i, j = 0;
      Py_ssize_t start, end;
      int positional = (defcount != -1);
      const char *kind = positional ? "positional" : "keyword-only";
      PyObject *missing_names;
  
      /* Compute the names of the arguments that are missing. */
      missing_names = PyList_New(missing);
      if (missing_names == NULL)
          return;
      if (positional) {
          start = 0;
          end = co->co_argcount - defcount;
      }
      else {
          start = co->co_argcount;
          end = start + co->co_kwonlyargcount;
      }
      for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
          if (GETLOCAL(i) == NULL) {
              PyObject *raw = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
              PyObject *name = PyObject_Repr(raw);
              if (name == NULL) {
                  Py_DECREF(missing_names);
                  return;
              }
              PyList_SET_ITEM(missing_names, j++, name);
          }
      }
      assert(j == missing);
      format_missing(tstate, kind, co, missing_names, qualname);
      Py_DECREF(missing_names);
  }
  
  static void
  too_many_positional(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
                      Py_ssize_t given, PyObject *defaults,
                      PyObject **localsplus, PyObject *qualname)
  {
      int plural;
      Py_ssize_t kwonly_given = 0;
      Py_ssize_t i;
      PyObject *sig, *kwonly_sig;
      Py_ssize_t co_argcount = co->co_argcount;
  
      assert((co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS) == 0);
      /* Count missing keyword-only args. */
      for (i = co_argcount; i < co_argcount + co->co_kwonlyargcount; i++) {
          if (GETLOCAL(i) != NULL) {
              kwonly_given++;
          }
      }
      Py_ssize_t defcount = defaults == NULL ? 0 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(defaults);
      if (defcount) {
          Py_ssize_t atleast = co_argcount - defcount;
          plural = 1;
          sig = PyUnicode_FromFormat("from %zd to %zd", atleast, co_argcount);
      }
      else {
          plural = (co_argcount != 1);
          sig = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%zd", co_argcount);
      }
      if (sig == NULL)
          return;
      if (kwonly_given) {
          const char *format = " positional argument%s (and %zd keyword-only argument%s)";
          kwonly_sig = PyUnicode_FromFormat(format,
                                            given != 1 ? "s" : "",
                                            kwonly_given,
                                            kwonly_given != 1 ? "s" : "");
          if (kwonly_sig == NULL) {
              Py_DECREF(sig);
              return;
          }
      }
      else {
          /* This will not fail. */
          kwonly_sig = PyUnicode_FromString("");
          assert(kwonly_sig != NULL);
      }
      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                    "%U() takes %U positional argument%s but %zd%U %s given",
                    qualname,
                    sig,
                    plural ? "s" : "",
                    given,
                    kwonly_sig,
                    given == 1 && !kwonly_given ? "was" : "were");
      Py_DECREF(sig);
      Py_DECREF(kwonly_sig);
  }
  
  static int
  positional_only_passed_as_keyword(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co,
                                    Py_ssize_t kwcount, PyObject* kwnames,
                                    PyObject *qualname)
  {
      int posonly_conflicts = 0;
      PyObject* posonly_names = PyList_New(0);
  
      for(int k=0; k < co->co_posonlyargcount; k++){
          PyObject* posonly_name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, k);
  
          for (int k2=0; k2<kwcount; k2++){
              /* Compare the pointers first and fallback to PyObject_RichCompareBool*/
              PyObject* kwname = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, k2);
              if (kwname == posonly_name){
                  if(PyList_Append(posonly_names, kwname) != 0) {
                      goto fail;
                  }
                  posonly_conflicts++;
                  continue;
              }
  
              int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(posonly_name, kwname, Py_EQ);
  
              if ( cmp > 0) {
                  if(PyList_Append(posonly_names, kwname) != 0) {
                      goto fail;
                  }
                  posonly_conflicts++;
              } else if (cmp < 0) {
                  goto fail;
              }
  
          }
      }
      if (posonly_conflicts) {
          PyObject* comma = PyUnicode_FromString(", ");
          if (comma == NULL) {
              goto fail;
          }
          PyObject* error_names = PyUnicode_Join(comma, posonly_names);
          Py_DECREF(comma);
          if (error_names == NULL) {
              goto fail;
          }
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                        "%U() got some positional-only arguments passed"
                        " as keyword arguments: '%U'",
                        qualname, error_names);
          Py_DECREF(error_names);
          goto fail;
      }
  
      Py_DECREF(posonly_names);
      return 0;
  
  fail:
      Py_XDECREF(posonly_names);
      return 1;
  
  }
  
  /* Exception table parsing code.
   * See Objects/exception_table_notes.txt for details.
   */
  
  static inline unsigned char *
  parse_varint(unsigned char *p, int *result) {
      int val = p[0] & 63;
      while (p[0] & 64) {
          p++;
          val = (val << 6) | (p[0] & 63);
      }
      *result = val;
      return p+1;
  }
  
  static inline unsigned char *
  scan_back_to_entry_start(unsigned char *p) {
      for (; (p[0]&128) == 0; p--);
      return p;
  }
  
  static inline unsigned char *
  skip_to_next_entry(unsigned char *p, unsigned char *end) {
      while (p < end && ((p[0] & 128) == 0)) {
          p++;
      }
      return p;
  }
  
  
  #define MAX_LINEAR_SEARCH 40
  
  static int
  get_exception_handler(PyCodeObject *code, int index, int *level, int *handler, int *lasti)
  {
      unsigned char *start = (unsigned char *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(code->co_exceptiontable);
      unsigned char *end = start + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(code->co_exceptiontable);
      /* Invariants:
       * start_table == end_table OR
       * start_table points to a legal entry and end_table points
       * beyond the table or to a legal entry that is after index.
       */
      if (end - start > MAX_LINEAR_SEARCH) {
          int offset;
          parse_varint(start, &offset);
          if (offset > index) {
              return 0;
          }
          do {
              unsigned char * mid = start + ((end-start)>>1);
              mid = scan_back_to_entry_start(mid);
              parse_varint(mid, &offset);
              if (offset > index) {
                  end = mid;
              }
              else {
                  start = mid;
              }
  
          } while (end - start > MAX_LINEAR_SEARCH);
      }
      unsigned char *scan = start;
      while (scan < end) {
          int start_offset, size;
          scan = parse_varint(scan, &start_offset);
          if (start_offset > index) {
              break;
          }
          scan = parse_varint(scan, &size);
          if (start_offset + size > index) {
              scan = parse_varint(scan, handler);
              int depth_and_lasti;
              parse_varint(scan, &depth_and_lasti);
              *level = depth_and_lasti >> 1;
              *lasti = depth_and_lasti & 1;
              return 1;
          }
          scan = skip_to_next_entry(scan, end);
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static int
  initialize_locals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFrameConstructor *con,
      PyObject **localsplus, PyObject *const *args,
      Py_ssize_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames)
  {
      PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject*)con->fc_code;
      const Py_ssize_t total_args = co->co_argcount + co->co_kwonlyargcount;
  
      /* Create a dictionary for keyword parameters (**kwags) */
      PyObject *kwdict;
      Py_ssize_t i;
      if (co->co_flags & CO_VARKEYWORDS) {
          kwdict = PyDict_New();
          if (kwdict == NULL)
              goto fail;
          i = total_args;
          if (co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS) {
              i++;
          }
          SETLOCAL(i, kwdict);
      }
      else {
          kwdict = NULL;
      }
  
      /* Copy all positional arguments into local variables */
      Py_ssize_t j, n;
      if (argcount > co->co_argcount) {
          n = co->co_argcount;
      }
      else {
          n = argcount;
      }
      for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
          PyObject *x = args[j];
          Py_INCREF(x);
          SETLOCAL(j, x);
      }
  
      /* Pack other positional arguments into the *args argument */
      if (co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS) {
          PyObject *u = _PyTuple_FromArray(args + n, argcount - n);
          if (u == NULL) {
              goto fail;
          }
          SETLOCAL(total_args, u);
      }
  
      /* Handle keyword arguments */
      if (kwnames != NULL) {
          Py_ssize_t kwcount = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
          for (i = 0; i < kwcount; i++) {
              PyObject **co_varnames;
              PyObject *keyword = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwnames, i);
              PyObject *value = args[i+argcount];
              Py_ssize_t j;
  
              if (keyword == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(keyword)) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "%U() keywords must be strings",
                            con->fc_qualname);
                  goto fail;
              }
  
              /* Speed hack: do raw pointer compares. As names are
              normally interned this should almost always hit. */
              co_varnames = ((PyTupleObject *)(co->co_localsplusnames))->ob_item;
              for (j = co->co_posonlyargcount; j < total_args; j++) {
                  PyObject *varname = co_varnames[j];
                  if (varname == keyword) {
                      goto kw_found;
                  }
              }
  
              /* Slow fallback, just in case */
              for (j = co->co_posonlyargcount; j < total_args; j++) {
                  PyObject *varname = co_varnames[j];
                  int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool( keyword, varname, Py_EQ);
                  if (cmp > 0) {
                      goto kw_found;
                  }
                  else if (cmp < 0) {
                      goto fail;
                  }
              }
  
              assert(j >= total_args);
              if (kwdict == NULL) {
  
                  if (co->co_posonlyargcount
                      && positional_only_passed_as_keyword(tstate, co,
                                                          kwcount, kwnames,
                                                       con->fc_qualname))
                  {
                      goto fail;
                  }
  
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "%U() got an unexpected keyword argument '%S'",
                            con->fc_qualname, keyword);
                  goto fail;
              }
  
              if (PyDict_SetItem(kwdict, keyword, value) == -1) {
                  goto fail;
              }
              continue;
  
          kw_found:
              if (GETLOCAL(j) != NULL) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "%U() got multiple values for argument '%S'",
                            con->fc_qualname, keyword);
                  goto fail;
              }
              Py_INCREF(value);
              SETLOCAL(j, value);
          }
      }
  
      /* Check the number of positional arguments */
      if ((argcount > co->co_argcount) && !(co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS)) {
          too_many_positional(tstate, co, argcount, con->fc_defaults, localsplus,
                              con->fc_qualname);
          goto fail;
      }
  
      /* Add missing positional arguments (copy default values from defs) */
      if (argcount < co->co_argcount) {
          Py_ssize_t defcount = con->fc_defaults == NULL ? 0 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(con->fc_defaults);
          Py_ssize_t m = co->co_argcount - defcount;
          Py_ssize_t missing = 0;
          for (i = argcount; i < m; i++) {
              if (GETLOCAL(i) == NULL) {
                  missing++;
              }
          }
          if (missing) {
              missing_arguments(tstate, co, missing, defcount, localsplus,
                                con->fc_qualname);
              goto fail;
          }
          if (n > m)
              i = n - m;
          else
              i = 0;
          if (defcount) {
              PyObject **defs = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(con->fc_defaults, 0);
              for (; i < defcount; i++) {
                  if (GETLOCAL(m+i) == NULL) {
                      PyObject *def = defs[i];
                      Py_INCREF(def);
                      SETLOCAL(m+i, def);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      /* Add missing keyword arguments (copy default values from kwdefs) */
      if (co->co_kwonlyargcount > 0) {
          Py_ssize_t missing = 0;
          for (i = co->co_argcount; i < total_args; i++) {
              if (GETLOCAL(i) != NULL)
                  continue;
              PyObject *varname = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
              if (con->fc_kwdefaults != NULL) {
                  PyObject *def = PyDict_GetItemWithError(con->fc_kwdefaults, varname);
                  if (def) {
                      Py_INCREF(def);
                      SETLOCAL(i, def);
                      continue;
                  }
                  else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                      goto fail;
                  }
              }
              missing++;
          }
          if (missing) {
              missing_arguments(tstate, co, missing, -1, localsplus,
                                con->fc_qualname);
              goto fail;
          }
      }
  
      /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
      for (i = 0; i < co->co_nfreevars; ++i) {
          PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(con->fc_closure, i);
          Py_INCREF(o);
          localsplus[co->co_nlocals + co->co_nplaincellvars + i] = o;
      }
  
      return 0;
  
  fail: /* Jump here from prelude on failure */
      return -1;
  
  }
  
  static InterpreterFrame *
  make_coro_frame(PyThreadState *tstate,
             PyFrameConstructor *con, PyObject *locals,
             PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t argcount,
             PyObject *kwnames)
  {
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
      assert(con->fc_defaults == NULL || PyTuple_CheckExact(con->fc_defaults));
      PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)con->fc_code;
      int size = code->co_nlocalsplus+code->co_stacksize + FRAME_SPECIALS_SIZE;
      PyObject **localsarray = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(PyObject *)*size);
      if (localsarray == NULL) {
          PyErr_NoMemory();
          return NULL;
      }
      for (Py_ssize_t i=0; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
          localsarray[i] = NULL;
      }
      InterpreterFrame *frame = (InterpreterFrame *)(localsarray + code->co_nlocalsplus);
      _PyFrame_InitializeSpecials(frame, con, locals, code->co_nlocalsplus);
      assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
      if (initialize_locals(tstate, con, localsarray, args, argcount, kwnames)) {
          _PyFrame_Clear(frame, 1);
          return NULL;
      }
      return frame;
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  make_coro(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFrameConstructor *con,
            PyObject *locals,
            PyObject* const* args, size_t argcount,
            PyObject *kwnames)
  {
      assert (((PyCodeObject *)con->fc_code)->co_flags & (CO_GENERATOR | CO_COROUTINE | CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR));
      InterpreterFrame *frame = make_coro_frame(tstate, con, locals, args, argcount, kwnames);
      if (frame == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject *gen = _Py_MakeCoro(con, frame);
      if (gen == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      return gen;
  }
  
  static InterpreterFrame *
  _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFrameConstructor *con,
                          PyObject *locals, PyObject* const* args,
                          size_t argcount, PyObject *kwnames)
  {
      InterpreterFrame * frame = _PyThreadState_PushFrame(tstate, con, locals);
      if (frame == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject **localsarray = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
      if (initialize_locals(tstate, con, localsarray, args, argcount, kwnames)) {
          _PyFrame_Clear(frame, 0);
          return NULL;
      }
      frame->previous = tstate->frame;
      tstate->frame = frame;
      return frame;
  }
  
  static int
  _PyEvalFrameClearAndPop(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame * frame)
  {
      ++tstate->recursion_depth;
      assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL || frame->frame_obj->f_own_locals_memory == 0);
      if (_PyFrame_Clear(frame, 0)) {
          return -1;
      }
      assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
      --tstate->recursion_depth;
      tstate->frame = frame->previous;
      _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
      return 0;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyEval_Vector(PyThreadState *tstate, PyFrameConstructor *con,
                 PyObject *locals,
                 PyObject* const* args, size_t argcount,
                 PyObject *kwnames)
  {
      PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)con->fc_code;
      int is_coro = code->co_flags &
          (CO_GENERATOR | CO_COROUTINE | CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR);
      if (is_coro) {
          return make_coro(tstate, con, locals, args, argcount, kwnames);
      }
      InterpreterFrame *frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
          tstate, con, locals, args, argcount, kwnames);
      if (frame == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      assert (tstate->interp->eval_frame != NULL);
      PyObject *retval = _PyEval_EvalFrame(tstate, frame, 0);
      assert(frame->stackdepth == 0);
      if (_PyEvalFrameClearAndPop(tstate, frame)) {
          retval = NULL;
      }
      return retval;
  }
  
  /* Legacy API */
  PyObject *
  PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyObject *_co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
                    PyObject *const *args, int argcount,
                    PyObject *const *kws, int kwcount,
                    PyObject *const *defs, int defcount,
                    PyObject *kwdefs, PyObject *closure)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      PyObject *res;
      PyObject *defaults = _PyTuple_FromArray(defs, defcount);
      if (defaults == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject *builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
      if (builtins == NULL) {
          Py_DECREF(defaults);
          return NULL;
      }
      if (locals == NULL) {
          locals = globals;
      }
      PyObject *kwnames;
      PyObject *const *allargs;
      PyObject **newargs;
      if (kwcount == 0) {
          allargs = args;
          kwnames = NULL;
      }
      else {
          kwnames = PyTuple_New(kwcount);
          if (kwnames == NULL) {
              res = NULL;
              goto fail;
          }
          newargs = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(PyObject *)*(kwcount+argcount));
          if (newargs == NULL) {
              res = NULL;
              Py_DECREF(kwnames);
              goto fail;
          }
          for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
              newargs[i] = args[i];
          }
          for (int i = 0; i < kwcount; i++) {
              Py_INCREF(kws[2*i]);
              PyTuple_SET_ITEM(kwnames, i, kws[2*i]);
              newargs[argcount+i] = kws[2*i+1];
          }
          allargs = newargs;
      }
      PyObject **kwargs = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(PyObject *)*kwcount);
      if (kwargs == NULL) {
          res = NULL;
          Py_DECREF(kwnames);
          goto fail;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < kwcount; i++) {
          Py_INCREF(kws[2*i]);
          PyTuple_SET_ITEM(kwnames, i, kws[2*i]);
          kwargs[i] = kws[2*i+1];
      }
      PyFrameConstructor constr = {
          .fc_globals = globals,
          .fc_builtins = builtins,
          .fc_name = ((PyCodeObject *)_co)->co_name,
          .fc_qualname = ((PyCodeObject *)_co)->co_name,
          .fc_code = _co,
          .fc_defaults = defaults,
          .fc_kwdefaults = kwdefs,
          .fc_closure = closure
      };
      res = _PyEval_Vector(tstate, &constr, locals,
                           allargs, argcount,
                           kwnames);
      if (kwcount) {
          Py_DECREF(kwnames);
          PyMem_Free(newargs);
      }
  fail:
      Py_DECREF(defaults);
      return res;
  }
  
  
  /* Logic for the raise statement (too complicated for inlining).
     This *consumes* a reference count to each of its arguments. */
  static int
  do_raise(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc, PyObject *cause)
  {
      PyObject *type = NULL, *value = NULL;
  
      if (exc == NULL) {
          /* Reraise */
          _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = _PyErr_GetTopmostException(tstate);
          PyObject *tb;
          type = exc_info->exc_type;
          value = exc_info->exc_value;
          tb = exc_info->exc_traceback;
          if (Py_IsNone(type) || type == NULL) {
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
                               "No active exception to reraise");
              return 0;
          }
          Py_XINCREF(type);
          Py_XINCREF(value);
          Py_XINCREF(tb);
          _PyErr_Restore(tstate, type, value, tb);
          return 1;
      }
  
      /* We support the following forms of raise:
         raise
         raise <instance>
         raise <type> */
  
      if (PyExceptionClass_Check(exc)) {
          type = exc;
          value = _PyObject_CallNoArg(exc);
          if (value == NULL)
              goto raise_error;
          if (!PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "calling %R should have returned an instance of "
                            "BaseException, not %R",
                            type, Py_TYPE(value));
               goto raise_error;
          }
      }
      else if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc)) {
          value = exc;
          type = PyExceptionInstance_Class(exc);
          Py_INCREF(type);
      }
      else {
          /* Not something you can raise.  You get an exception
             anyway, just not what you specified :-) */
          Py_DECREF(exc);
          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                           "exceptions must derive from BaseException");
          goto raise_error;
      }
  
      assert(type != NULL);
      assert(value != NULL);
  
      if (cause) {
          PyObject *fixed_cause;
          if (PyExceptionClass_Check(cause)) {
              fixed_cause = _PyObject_CallNoArg(cause);
              if (fixed_cause == NULL)
                  goto raise_error;
              Py_DECREF(cause);
          }
          else if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(cause)) {
              fixed_cause = cause;
          }
          else if (Py_IsNone(cause)) {
              Py_DECREF(cause);
              fixed_cause = NULL;
          }
          else {
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "exception causes must derive from "
                               "BaseException");
              goto raise_error;
          }
          PyException_SetCause(value, fixed_cause);
      }
  
      _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, type, value);
      /* _PyErr_SetObject incref's its arguments */
      Py_DECREF(value);
      Py_DECREF(type);
      return 0;
  
  raise_error:
      Py_XDECREF(value);
      Py_XDECREF(type);
      Py_XDECREF(cause);
      return 0;
  }
  
  /* Iterate v argcnt times and store the results on the stack (via decreasing
     sp).  Return 1 for success, 0 if error.
  
     If argcntafter == -1, do a simple unpack. If it is >= 0, do an unpack
     with a variable target.
  */
  
  static int
  unpack_iterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v,
                  int argcnt, int argcntafter, PyObject **sp)
  {
      int i = 0, j = 0;
      Py_ssize_t ll = 0;
      PyObject *it;  /* iter(v) */
      PyObject *w;
      PyObject *l = NULL; /* variable list */
  
      assert(v != NULL);
  
      it = PyObject_GetIter(v);
      if (it == NULL) {
          if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
              Py_TYPE(v)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(v))
          {
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "cannot unpack non-iterable %.200s object",
                            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
          }
          return 0;
      }
  
      for (; i < argcnt; i++) {
          w = PyIter_Next(it);
          if (w == NULL) {
              /* Iterator done, via error or exhaustion. */
              if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                  if (argcntafter == -1) {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
                                    "not enough values to unpack "
                                    "(expected %d, got %d)",
                                    argcnt, i);
                  }
                  else {
                      _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
                                    "not enough values to unpack "
                                    "(expected at least %d, got %d)",
                                    argcnt + argcntafter, i);
                  }
              }
              goto Error;
          }
          *--sp = w;
      }
  
      if (argcntafter == -1) {
          /* We better have exhausted the iterator now. */
          w = PyIter_Next(it);
          if (w == NULL) {
              if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate))
                  goto Error;
              Py_DECREF(it);
              return 1;
          }
          Py_DECREF(w);
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
                        "too many values to unpack (expected %d)",
                        argcnt);
          goto Error;
      }
  
      l = PySequence_List(it);
      if (l == NULL)
          goto Error;
      *--sp = l;
      i++;
  
      ll = PyList_GET_SIZE(l);
      if (ll < argcntafter) {
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_ValueError,
              "not enough values to unpack (expected at least %d, got %zd)",
              argcnt + argcntafter, argcnt + ll);
          goto Error;
      }
  
      /* Pop the "after-variable" args off the list. */
      for (j = argcntafter; j > 0; j--, i++) {
          *--sp = PyList_GET_ITEM(l, ll - j);
      }
      /* Resize the list. */
      Py_SET_SIZE(l, ll - argcntafter);
      Py_DECREF(it);
      return 1;
  
  Error:
      for (; i > 0; i--, sp++)
          Py_DECREF(*sp);
      Py_XDECREF(it);
      return 0;
  }
  
  #ifdef LLTRACE
  static int
  prtrace(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, const char *str)
  {
      printf("%s ", str);
      PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
      PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
      if (PyObject_Print(v, stdout, 0) != 0) {
          /* Don't know what else to do */
          _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
      }
      printf("\n");
      PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);
      return 1;
  }
  #endif
  
  static void
  call_exc_trace(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *self,
                 PyThreadState *tstate,
                 InterpreterFrame *f)
  {
      PyObject *type, *value, *traceback, *orig_traceback, *arg;
      int err;
      _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &type, &value, &orig_traceback);
      if (value == NULL) {
          value = Py_None;
          Py_INCREF(value);
      }
      _PyErr_NormalizeException(tstate, &type, &value, &orig_traceback);
      traceback = (orig_traceback != NULL) ? orig_traceback : Py_None;
      arg = PyTuple_Pack(3, type, value, traceback);
      if (arg == NULL) {
          _PyErr_Restore(tstate, type, value, orig_traceback);
          return;
      }
      err = call_trace(func, self, tstate, f, PyTrace_EXCEPTION, arg);
      Py_DECREF(arg);
      if (err == 0) {
          _PyErr_Restore(tstate, type, value, orig_traceback);
      }
      else {
          Py_XDECREF(type);
          Py_XDECREF(value);
          Py_XDECREF(orig_traceback);
      }
  }
  
  static int
  call_trace_protected(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *obj,
                       PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame,
                       int what, PyObject *arg)
  {
      PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
      int err;
      _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &type, &value, &traceback);
      err = call_trace(func, obj, tstate, frame, what, arg);
      if (err == 0)
      {
          _PyErr_Restore(tstate, type, value, traceback);
          return 0;
      }
      else {
          Py_XDECREF(type);
          Py_XDECREF(value);
          Py_XDECREF(traceback);
          return -1;
      }
  }
  
  static void
  initialize_trace_info(PyTraceInfo *trace_info, InterpreterFrame *frame)
  {
      PyCodeObject *code = frame->f_code;
      if (trace_info->code != code) {
          trace_info->code = code;
          _PyCode_InitAddressRange(code, &trace_info->bounds);
      }
  }
  
  static int
  call_trace(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *obj,
             PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame,
             int what, PyObject *arg)
  {
      int result;
      if (tstate->tracing)
          return 0;
      tstate->tracing++;
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = 0;
      PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(frame);
      if (f == NULL) {
          return -1;
      }
      if (frame->f_lasti < 0) {
          f->f_lineno = frame->f_code->co_firstlineno;
      }
      else {
          initialize_trace_info(&tstate->trace_info, frame);
          f->f_lineno = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(frame->f_lasti*2, &tstate->trace_info.bounds);
      }
      result = func(obj, f, what, arg);
      f->f_lineno = 0;
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = ((tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL)
                             || (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL));
      tstate->tracing--;
      return result;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyEval_CallTracing(PyObject *func, PyObject *args)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      int save_tracing = tstate->tracing;
      int save_use_tracing = tstate->cframe->use_tracing;
      PyObject *result;
  
      tstate->tracing = 0;
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = ((tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL)
                             || (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL));
      result = PyObject_Call(func, args, NULL);
      tstate->tracing = save_tracing;
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = save_use_tracing;
      return result;
  }
  
  /* See Objects/lnotab_notes.txt for a description of how tracing works. */
  static int
  maybe_call_line_trace(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *obj,
                        PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int instr_prev)
  {
      int result = 0;
  
      /* If the last instruction falls at the start of a line or if it
         represents a jump backwards, update the frame's line number and
         then call the trace function if we're tracing source lines.
      */
      initialize_trace_info(&tstate->trace_info, frame);
      int lastline = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(instr_prev*2, &tstate->trace_info.bounds);
      int line = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(frame->f_lasti*2, &tstate->trace_info.bounds);
      PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(frame);
      if (f == NULL) {
          return -1;
      }
      if (line != -1 && f->f_trace_lines) {
          /* Trace backward edges or if line number has changed */
          if (frame->f_lasti < instr_prev || line != lastline) {
              result = call_trace(func, obj, tstate, frame, PyTrace_LINE, Py_None);
          }
      }
      /* Always emit an opcode event if we're tracing all opcodes. */
      if (f->f_trace_opcodes) {
          result = call_trace(func, obj, tstate, frame, PyTrace_OPCODE, Py_None);
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_SetProfile(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
  {
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
      /* The caller must hold the GIL */
      assert(PyGILState_Check());
  
      /* Call _PySys_Audit() in the context of the current thread state,
         even if tstate is not the current thread state. */
      PyThreadState *current_tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (_PySys_Audit(current_tstate, "sys.setprofile", NULL) < 0) {
          return -1;
      }
  
      PyObject *profileobj = tstate->c_profileobj;
  
      tstate->c_profilefunc = NULL;
      tstate->c_profileobj = NULL;
      /* Must make sure that tracing is not ignored if 'profileobj' is freed */
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL;
      Py_XDECREF(profileobj);
  
      Py_XINCREF(arg);
      tstate->c_profileobj = arg;
      tstate->c_profilefunc = func;
  
      /* Flag that tracing or profiling is turned on */
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = (func != NULL) || (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL);
      return 0;
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_SetProfile(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (_PyEval_SetProfile(tstate, func, arg) < 0) {
          /* Log _PySys_Audit() error */
          _PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg("in PyEval_SetProfile", NULL);
      }
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_SetTrace(PyThreadState *tstate, Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
  {
      assert(is_tstate_valid(tstate));
      /* The caller must hold the GIL */
      assert(PyGILState_Check());
  
      /* Call _PySys_Audit() in the context of the current thread state,
         even if tstate is not the current thread state. */
      PyThreadState *current_tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (_PySys_Audit(current_tstate, "sys.settrace", NULL) < 0) {
          return -1;
      }
  
      PyObject *traceobj = tstate->c_traceobj;
  
      tstate->c_tracefunc = NULL;
      tstate->c_traceobj = NULL;
      /* Must make sure that profiling is not ignored if 'traceobj' is freed */
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL);
      Py_XDECREF(traceobj);
  
      Py_XINCREF(arg);
      tstate->c_traceobj = arg;
      tstate->c_tracefunc = func;
  
      /* Flag that tracing or profiling is turned on */
      tstate->cframe->use_tracing = ((func != NULL)
                             || (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL));
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  void
  PyEval_SetTrace(Py_tracefunc func, PyObject *arg)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (_PyEval_SetTrace(tstate, func, arg) < 0) {
          /* Log _PySys_Audit() error */
          _PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg("in PyEval_SetTrace", NULL);
      }
  }
  
  
  void
  _PyEval_SetCoroutineOriginTrackingDepth(PyThreadState *tstate, int new_depth)
  {
      assert(new_depth >= 0);
      tstate->coroutine_origin_tracking_depth = new_depth;
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_GetCoroutineOriginTrackingDepth(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return tstate->coroutine_origin_tracking_depth;
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_SetAsyncGenFirstiter(PyObject *firstiter)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
  
      if (_PySys_Audit(tstate, "sys.set_asyncgen_hook_firstiter", NULL) < 0) {
          return -1;
      }
  
      Py_XINCREF(firstiter);
      Py_XSETREF(tstate->async_gen_firstiter, firstiter);
      return 0;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyEval_GetAsyncGenFirstiter(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return tstate->async_gen_firstiter;
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_SetAsyncGenFinalizer(PyObject *finalizer)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
  
      if (_PySys_Audit(tstate, "sys.set_asyncgen_hook_finalizer", NULL) < 0) {
          return -1;
      }
  
      Py_XINCREF(finalizer);
      Py_XSETREF(tstate->async_gen_finalizer, finalizer);
      return 0;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyEval_GetAsyncGenFinalizer(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return tstate->async_gen_finalizer;
  }
  
  InterpreterFrame *
  _PyEval_GetFrame(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return tstate->frame;
  }
  
  PyFrameObject *
  PyEval_GetFrame(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (tstate->frame == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(tstate->frame);
      if (f == NULL) {
          PyErr_Clear();
      }
      return f;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyEval_GetBuiltins(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      InterpreterFrame *frame = tstate->frame;
      if (frame != NULL) {
          return frame->f_builtins;
      }
      return tstate->interp->builtins;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyEval_GetBuiltins(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      return _PyEval_GetBuiltins(tstate);
  }
  
  /* Convenience function to get a builtin from its name */
  PyObject *
  _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(_Py_Identifier *name)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      PyObject *attr = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(PyEval_GetBuiltins(), name);
      if (attr) {
          Py_INCREF(attr);
      }
      else if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
          _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError, _PyUnicode_FromId(name));
      }
      return attr;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyEval_GetLocals(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
       InterpreterFrame *current_frame = tstate->frame;
      if (current_frame == NULL) {
          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "frame does not exist");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (_PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(current_frame) < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      PyObject *locals = current_frame->f_locals;
      assert(locals != NULL);
      return locals;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyEval_GetGlobals(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      InterpreterFrame *current_frame = tstate->frame;
      if (current_frame == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      return current_frame->f_globals;
  }
  
  int
  PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(PyCompilerFlags *cf)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      InterpreterFrame *current_frame = tstate->frame;
      int result = cf->cf_flags != 0;
  
      if (current_frame != NULL) {
          const int codeflags = current_frame->f_code->co_flags;
          const int compilerflags = codeflags & PyCF_MASK;
          if (compilerflags) {
              result = 1;
              cf->cf_flags |= compilerflags;
          }
  #if 0 /* future keyword */
          if (codeflags & CO_GENERATOR_ALLOWED) {
              result = 1;
              cf->cf_flags |= CO_GENERATOR_ALLOWED;
          }
  #endif
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  
  const char *
  PyEval_GetFuncName(PyObject *func)
  {
      if (PyMethod_Check(func))
          return PyEval_GetFuncName(PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(func));
      else if (PyFunction_Check(func))
          return PyUnicode_AsUTF8(((PyFunctionObject*)func)->func_name);
      else if (PyCFunction_Check(func))
          return ((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_ml->ml_name;
      else
          return Py_TYPE(func)->tp_name;
  }
  
  const char *
  PyEval_GetFuncDesc(PyObject *func)
  {
      if (PyMethod_Check(func))
          return "()";
      else if (PyFunction_Check(func))
          return "()";
      else if (PyCFunction_Check(func))
          return "()";
      else
          return " object";
  }
  
  #define C_TRACE(x, call) \
  if (use_tracing && tstate->c_profilefunc) { \
      if (call_trace(tstate->c_profilefunc, tstate->c_profileobj, \
          tstate, tstate->frame, \
          PyTrace_C_CALL, func)) { \
          x = NULL; \
      } \
      else { \
          x = call; \
          if (tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL) { \
              if (x == NULL) { \
                  call_trace_protected(tstate->c_profilefunc, \
                      tstate->c_profileobj, \
                      tstate, tstate->frame, \
                      PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION, func); \
                  /* XXX should pass (type, value, tb) */ \
              } else { \
                  if (call_trace(tstate->c_profilefunc, \
                      tstate->c_profileobj, \
                      tstate, tstate->frame, \
                      PyTrace_C_RETURN, func)) { \
                      Py_DECREF(x); \
                      x = NULL; \
                  } \
              } \
          } \
      } \
  } else { \
      x = call; \
      }
  
  
  static PyObject *
  trace_call_function(PyThreadState *tstate,
                      PyObject *func,
                      PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
                      PyObject *kwnames)
  {
      int use_tracing = 1;
      PyObject *x;
      if (PyCFunction_CheckExact(func) || PyCMethod_CheckExact(func)) {
          C_TRACE(x, PyObject_Vectorcall(func, args, nargs, kwnames));
          return x;
      }
      else if (Py_IS_TYPE(func, &PyMethodDescr_Type) && nargs > 0) {
          /* We need to create a temporary bound method as argument
             for profiling.
  
             If nargs == 0, then this cannot work because we have no
             "self". In any case, the call itself would raise
             TypeError (foo needs an argument), so we just skip
             profiling. */
          PyObject *self = args[0];
          func = Py_TYPE(func)->tp_descr_get(func, self, (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self));
          if (func == NULL) {
              return NULL;
          }
          C_TRACE(x, PyObject_Vectorcall(func,
                                          args+1, nargs-1,
                                          kwnames));
          Py_DECREF(func);
          return x;
      }
      return PyObject_Vectorcall(func, args, nargs | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, kwnames);
  }
  
  /* Issue #29227: Inline call_function() into _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()
     to reduce the stack consumption. */
  Py_LOCAL_INLINE(PyObject *) _Py_HOT_FUNCTION
  call_function(PyThreadState *tstate,
                PyObject ***pp_stack,
                Py_ssize_t oparg,
                PyObject *kwnames,
                int use_tracing)
  {
      PyObject **pfunc = (*pp_stack) - oparg - 1;
      PyObject *func = *pfunc;
      PyObject *x, *w;
      Py_ssize_t nkwargs = (kwnames == NULL) ? 0 : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
      Py_ssize_t nargs = oparg - nkwargs;
      PyObject **stack = (*pp_stack) - nargs - nkwargs;
  
      if (use_tracing) {
          x = trace_call_function(tstate, func, stack, nargs, kwnames);
      }
      else {
          x = PyObject_Vectorcall(func, stack, nargs | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, kwnames);
      }
  
      assert((x != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
  
      /* Clear the stack of the function object. */
      while ((*pp_stack) > pfunc) {
          w = EXT_POP(*pp_stack);
          Py_DECREF(w);
      }
  
      return x;
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  do_call_core(PyThreadState *tstate,
               PyObject *func,
               PyObject *callargs,
               PyObject *kwdict,
               int use_tracing
              )
  {
      PyObject *result;
  
      if (PyCFunction_CheckExact(func) || PyCMethod_CheckExact(func)) {
          C_TRACE(result, PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwdict));
          return result;
      }
      else if (Py_IS_TYPE(func, &PyMethodDescr_Type)) {
          Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs);
          if (nargs > 0 && use_tracing) {
              /* We need to create a temporary bound method as argument
                 for profiling.
  
                 If nargs == 0, then this cannot work because we have no
                 "self". In any case, the call itself would raise
                 TypeError (foo needs an argument), so we just skip
                 profiling. */
              PyObject *self = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, 0);
              func = Py_TYPE(func)->tp_descr_get(func, self, (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(self));
              if (func == NULL) {
                  return NULL;
              }
  
              C_TRACE(result, _PyObject_FastCallDictTstate(
                                      tstate, func,
                                      &_PyTuple_ITEMS(callargs)[1],
                                      nargs - 1,
                                      kwdict));
              Py_DECREF(func);
              return result;
          }
      }
      return PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwdict);
  }
  
  /* Extract a slice index from a PyLong or an object with the
     nb_index slot defined, and store in *pi.
     Silently reduce values larger than PY_SSIZE_T_MAX to PY_SSIZE_T_MAX,
     and silently boost values less than PY_SSIZE_T_MIN to PY_SSIZE_T_MIN.
     Return 0 on error, 1 on success.
  */
  int
  _PyEval_SliceIndex(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t *pi)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      if (!Py_IsNone(v)) {
          Py_ssize_t x;
          if (_PyIndex_Check(v)) {
              x = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(v, NULL);
              if (x == -1 && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate))
                  return 0;
          }
          else {
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                               "slice indices must be integers or "
                               "None or have an __index__ method");
              return 0;
          }
          *pi = x;
      }
      return 1;
  }
  
  int
  _PyEval_SliceIndexNotNone(PyObject *v, Py_ssize_t *pi)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      Py_ssize_t x;
      if (_PyIndex_Check(v)) {
          x = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(v, NULL);
          if (x == -1 && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate))
              return 0;
      }
      else {
          _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                           "slice indices must be integers or "
                           "have an __index__ method");
          return 0;
      }
      *pi = x;
      return 1;
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  import_name(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame,
              PyObject *name, PyObject *fromlist, PyObject *level)
  {
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(__import__);
      PyObject *import_func, *res;
      PyObject* stack[5];
  
      import_func = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(frame->f_builtins, &PyId___import__);
      if (import_func == NULL) {
          if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_ImportError, "__import__ not found");
          }
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject *locals = frame->f_locals;
      /* Fast path for not overloaded __import__. */
      if (import_func == tstate->interp->import_func) {
          int ilevel = _PyLong_AsInt(level);
          if (ilevel == -1 && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
              return NULL;
          }
          res = PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(
                          name,
                          frame->f_globals,
                          locals == NULL ? Py_None :locals,
                          fromlist,
                          ilevel);
          return res;
      }
  
      Py_INCREF(import_func);
  
      stack[0] = name;
      stack[1] = frame->f_globals;
      stack[2] = locals == NULL ? Py_None : locals;
      stack[3] = fromlist;
      stack[4] = level;
      res = _PyObject_FastCall(import_func, stack, 5);
      Py_DECREF(import_func);
      return res;
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
  {
      PyObject *x;
      PyObject *fullmodname, *pkgname, *pkgpath, *pkgname_or_unknown, *errmsg;
  
      if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, name, &x) != 0) {
          return x;
      }
      /* Issue #17636: in case this failed because of a circular relative
         import, try to fallback on reading the module directly from
         sys.modules. */
      pkgname = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId___name__);
      if (pkgname == NULL) {
          goto error;
      }
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(pkgname)) {
          Py_CLEAR(pkgname);
          goto error;
      }
      fullmodname = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", pkgname, name);
      if (fullmodname == NULL) {
          Py_DECREF(pkgname);
          return NULL;
      }
      x = PyImport_GetModule(fullmodname);
      Py_DECREF(fullmodname);
      if (x == NULL && !_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
          goto error;
      }
      Py_DECREF(pkgname);
      return x;
   error:
      pkgpath = PyModule_GetFilenameObject(v);
      if (pkgname == NULL) {
          pkgname_or_unknown = PyUnicode_FromString("<unknown module name>");
          if (pkgname_or_unknown == NULL) {
              Py_XDECREF(pkgpath);
              return NULL;
          }
      } else {
          pkgname_or_unknown = pkgname;
      }
  
      if (pkgpath == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(pkgpath)) {
          _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
          errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(
              "cannot import name %R from %R (unknown location)",
              name, pkgname_or_unknown
          );
          /* NULL checks for errmsg and pkgname done by PyErr_SetImportError. */
          PyErr_SetImportError(errmsg, pkgname, NULL);
      }
      else {
          _Py_IDENTIFIER(__spec__);
          PyObject *spec = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId___spec__);
          const char *fmt =
              _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec) ?
              "cannot import name %R from partially initialized module %R "
              "(most likely due to a circular import) (%S)" :
              "cannot import name %R from %R (%S)";
          Py_XDECREF(spec);
  
          errmsg = PyUnicode_FromFormat(fmt, name, pkgname_or_unknown, pkgpath);
          /* NULL checks for errmsg and pkgname done by PyErr_SetImportError. */
          PyErr_SetImportError(errmsg, pkgname, pkgpath);
      }
  
      Py_XDECREF(errmsg);
      Py_XDECREF(pkgname_or_unknown);
      Py_XDECREF(pkgpath);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static int
  import_all_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *locals, PyObject *v)
  {
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(__all__);
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
      PyObject *all, *dict, *name, *value;
      int skip_leading_underscores = 0;
      int pos, err;
  
      if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId___all__, &all) < 0) {
          return -1; /* Unexpected error */
      }
      if (all == NULL) {
          if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId___dict__, &dict) < 0) {
              return -1;
          }
          if (dict == NULL) {
              _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_ImportError,
                      "from-import-* object has no __dict__ and no __all__");
              return -1;
          }
          all = PyMapping_Keys(dict);
          Py_DECREF(dict);
          if (all == NULL)
              return -1;
          skip_leading_underscores = 1;
      }
  
      for (pos = 0, err = 0; ; pos++) {
          name = PySequence_GetItem(all, pos);
          if (name == NULL) {
              if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_IndexError)) {
                  err = -1;
              }
              else {
                  _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
              }
              break;
          }
          if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
              PyObject *modname = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId___name__);
              if (modname == NULL) {
                  Py_DECREF(name);
                  err = -1;
                  break;
              }
              if (!PyUnicode_Check(modname)) {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                "module __name__ must be a string, not %.100s",
                                Py_TYPE(modname)->tp_name);
              }
              else {
                  _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                "%s in %U.%s must be str, not %.100s",
                                skip_leading_underscores ? "Key" : "Item",
                                modname,
                                skip_leading_underscores ? "__dict__" : "__all__",
                                Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
              }
              Py_DECREF(modname);
              Py_DECREF(name);
              err = -1;
              break;
          }
          if (skip_leading_underscores) {
              if (PyUnicode_READY(name) == -1) {
                  Py_DECREF(name);
                  err = -1;
                  break;
              }
              if (PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(name, 0) == '_') {
                  Py_DECREF(name);
                  continue;
              }
          }
          value = PyObject_GetAttr(v, name);
          if (value == NULL)
              err = -1;
          else if (PyDict_CheckExact(locals))
              err = PyDict_SetItem(locals, name, value);
          else
              err = PyObject_SetItem(locals, name, value);
          Py_DECREF(name);
          Py_XDECREF(value);
          if (err != 0)
              break;
      }
      Py_DECREF(all);
      return err;
  }
  
  static int
  check_args_iterable(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *args)
  {
      if (Py_TYPE(args)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(args)) {
          /* check_args_iterable() may be called with a live exception:
           * clear it to prevent calling _PyObject_FunctionStr() with an
           * exception set. */
          _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
          PyObject *funcstr = _PyObject_FunctionStr(func);
          if (funcstr != NULL) {
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "%U argument after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                            funcstr, Py_TYPE(args)->tp_name);
              Py_DECREF(funcstr);
          }
          return -1;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  static void
  format_kwargs_error(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *func, PyObject *kwargs)
  {
      /* _PyDict_MergeEx raises attribute
       * error (percolated from an attempt
       * to get 'keys' attribute) instead of
       * a type error if its second argument
       * is not a mapping.
       */
      if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
          _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
          PyObject *funcstr = _PyObject_FunctionStr(func);
          if (funcstr != NULL) {
              _PyErr_Format(
                  tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                  "%U argument after ** must be a mapping, not %.200s",
                  funcstr, Py_TYPE(kwargs)->tp_name);
              Py_DECREF(funcstr);
          }
      }
      else if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
          PyObject *exc, *val, *tb;
          _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &exc, &val, &tb);
          if (val && PyTuple_Check(val) && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(val) == 1) {
              _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
              PyObject *funcstr = _PyObject_FunctionStr(func);
              if (funcstr != NULL) {
                  PyObject *key = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(val, 0);
                  _PyErr_Format(
                      tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                      "%U got multiple values for keyword argument '%S'",
                      funcstr, key);
                  Py_DECREF(funcstr);
              }
              Py_XDECREF(exc);
              Py_XDECREF(val);
              Py_XDECREF(tb);
          }
          else {
              _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc, val, tb);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static void
  format_exc_check_arg(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc,
                       const char *format_str, PyObject *obj)
  {
      const char *obj_str;
  
      if (!obj)
          return;
  
      obj_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(obj);
      if (!obj_str)
          return;
  
      _PyErr_Format(tstate, exc, format_str, obj_str);
  
      if (exc == PyExc_NameError) {
          // Include the name in the NameError exceptions to offer suggestions later.
          _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
          PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
          PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
          PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &traceback);
          if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(value, PyExc_NameError)) {
              // We do not care if this fails because we are going to restore the
              // NameError anyway.
              (void)_PyObject_SetAttrId(value, &PyId_name, obj);
          }
          PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);
      }
  }
  
  static void
  format_exc_unbound(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *co, int oparg)
  {
      PyObject *name;
      /* Don't stomp existing exception */
      if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate))
          return;
      name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
      if (oparg < co->co_nplaincellvars + co->co_nlocals) {
          format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                               UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG, name);
      } else {
          format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                               UNBOUNDFREE_ERROR_MSG, name);
      }
  }
  
  static void
  format_awaitable_error(PyThreadState *tstate, PyTypeObject *type, int prevprevopcode, int prevopcode)
  {
      if (type->tp_as_async == NULL || type->tp_as_async->am_await == NULL) {
          if (prevopcode == BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH) {
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "'async with' received an object from __aenter__ "
                            "that does not implement __await__: %.100s",
                            type->tp_name);
          }
          else if (prevopcode == WITH_EXCEPT_START || (prevopcode == CALL_FUNCTION && prevprevopcode == DUP_TOP)) {
              _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                            "'async with' received an object from __aexit__ "
                            "that does not implement __await__: %.100s",
                            type->tp_name);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  unicode_concatenate(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *w,
                      InterpreterFrame *frame, const _Py_CODEUNIT *next_instr)
  {
      PyObject *res;
      if (Py_REFCNT(v) == 2) {
          /* In the common case, there are 2 references to the value
           * stored in 'variable' when the += is performed: one on the
           * value stack (in 'v') and one still stored in the
           * 'variable'.  We try to delete the variable now to reduce
           * the refcnt to 1.
           */
          int opcode, oparg;
          NEXTOPARG();
          switch (opcode) {
          case STORE_FAST:
          {
              PyObject **localsplus = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
              if (GETLOCAL(oparg) == v)
                  SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
              break;
          }
          case STORE_DEREF:
          {
              PyObject *c = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame)[oparg];
              if (PyCell_GET(c) ==  v) {
                  PyCell_SET(c, NULL);
                  Py_DECREF(v);
              }
              break;
          }
          case STORE_NAME:
          {
              PyObject *names = frame->f_code->co_names;
              PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
              PyObject *locals = frame->f_locals;
              if (locals && PyDict_CheckExact(locals)) {
                  PyObject *w = PyDict_GetItemWithError(locals, name);
                  if ((w == v && PyDict_DelItem(locals, name) != 0) ||
                      (w == NULL && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate)))
                  {
                      Py_DECREF(v);
                      return NULL;
                  }
              }
              break;
          }
          }
      }
      res = v;
      PyUnicode_Append(&res, w);
      return res;
  }
  
  #ifdef DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE
  
  static PyObject *
  getarray(long a[256])
  {
      int i;
      PyObject *l = PyList_New(256);
      if (l == NULL) return NULL;
      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
          PyObject *x = PyLong_FromLong(a[i]);
          if (x == NULL) {
              Py_DECREF(l);
              return NULL;
          }
          PyList_SET_ITEM(l, i, x);
      }
      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
          a[i] = 0;
      return l;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _Py_GetDXProfile(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
  #ifndef DXPAIRS
      return getarray(dxp);
  #else
      int i;
      PyObject *l = PyList_New(257);
      if (l == NULL) return NULL;
      for (i = 0; i < 257; i++) {
          PyObject *x = getarray(dxpairs[i]);
          if (x == NULL) {
              Py_DECREF(l);
              return NULL;
          }
          PyList_SET_ITEM(l, i, x);
      }
      return l;
  #endif
  }
  
  #endif
  
  Py_ssize_t
  _PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex(freefunc free)
  {
      PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
      Py_ssize_t new_index;
  
      if (interp->co_extra_user_count == MAX_CO_EXTRA_USERS - 1) {
          return -1;
      }
      new_index = interp->co_extra_user_count++;
      interp->co_extra_freefuncs[new_index] = free;
      return new_index;
  }
  
  static void
  dtrace_function_entry(InterpreterFrame *frame)
  {
      const char *filename;
      const char *funcname;
      int lineno;
  
      PyCodeObject *code = frame->f_code;
      filename = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(code->co_filename);
      funcname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(code->co_name);
      lineno = PyCode_Addr2Line(frame->f_code, frame->f_lasti*2);
  
      PyDTrace_FUNCTION_ENTRY(filename, funcname, lineno);
  }
  
  static void
  dtrace_function_return(InterpreterFrame *frame)
  {
      const char *filename;
      const char *funcname;
      int lineno;
  
      PyCodeObject *code = frame->f_code;
      filename = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(code->co_filename);
      funcname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(code->co_name);
      lineno = PyCode_Addr2Line(frame->f_code, frame->f_lasti*2);
  
      PyDTrace_FUNCTION_RETURN(filename, funcname, lineno);
  }
  
  /* DTrace equivalent of maybe_call_line_trace. */
  static void
  maybe_dtrace_line(InterpreterFrame *frame,
                    PyTraceInfo *trace_info,
                    int instr_prev)
  {
      const char *co_filename, *co_name;
  
      /* If the last instruction executed isn't in the current
         instruction window, reset the window.
      */
      initialize_trace_info(trace_info, frame);
      int lastline = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(instr_prev*2, &trace_info->bounds);
      int line = _PyCode_CheckLineNumber(frame->f_lasti*2, &trace_info->bounds);
      if (line != -1) {
          /* Trace backward edges or first instruction of a new line */
          if (frame->f_lasti < instr_prev ||
              (line != lastline && frame->f_lasti*2 == trace_info->bounds.ar_start))
          {
              co_filename = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(frame->f_code->co_filename);
              if (!co_filename) {
                  co_filename = "?";
              }
              co_name = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(frame->f_code->co_name);
              if (!co_name) {
                  co_name = "?";
              }
              PyDTrace_LINE(co_filename, co_name, line);
          }
      }
  }
  
  /* Implement Py_EnterRecursiveCall() and Py_LeaveRecursiveCall() as functions
     for the limited API. */
  
  #undef Py_EnterRecursiveCall
  
  int Py_EnterRecursiveCall(const char *where)
  {
      return _Py_EnterRecursiveCall_inline(where);
  }
  
  #undef Py_LeaveRecursiveCall
  
  void Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(void)
  {
      _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall_inline();
  }
  