text: """
  CircUp -- a utility to manage and update libraries on a CircuitPython device.
  
  Copyright (c) 2019 Adafruit Industries
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  
  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
  SOFTWARE.
  """
  import logging
  import os
  import sys
  import ctypes
  import glob
  import re
  import shutil
  import json
  import zipfile
  from datetime import datetime
  from subprocess import check_output
  from semver import compare
  import click
  import requests
  import appdirs
  
  
  # Useful constants.
  #: The unique USB vendor ID for Adafruit boards.
  VENDOR_ID = 9114
  #: The regex used to extract ``__version__`` and ``__repo__`` assignments.
  DUNDER_ASSIGN_RE = re.compile(r"""^__\w+__\s*=\s*['"].+['"]$""")
  #: Flag to indicate if the command is being run in verbose mode.
  VERBOSE = False
  #: The location of data files used by circup (following OS conventions).
  DATA_DIR = appdirs.user_data_dir(appname="circup", appauthor="adafruit")
  #: The path to the JSON file containing the metadata about the current bundle.
  BUNDLE_DATA = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "circup.json")
  #: The path to the zip file containing the current library bundle.
  BUNDLE_ZIP = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-{}.zip")
  #: The path to the directory into which the current bundle is unzipped.
  BUNDLE_DIR = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "adafruit_circuitpython_bundle_{}")
  #: The directory containing the utility's log file.
  LOG_DIR = appdirs.user_log_dir(appname="circup", appauthor="adafruit")
  #: The location of the log file for the utility.
  LOGFILE = os.path.join(LOG_DIR, "circup.log")
  #: The version of CircuitPython found on the connected device.
  CPY_VERSION = ""
  
  
  # Ensure DATA_DIR / LOG_DIR related directories and files exist.
  if not os.path.exists(DATA_DIR):  # pragma: no cover
      os.makedirs(DATA_DIR)
  if not os.path.exists(LOG_DIR):  # pragma: no cover
      os.makedirs(LOG_DIR)
  
  
  # Setup logging.
  logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
  logfile_handler = logging.FileHandler(LOGFILE)
  log_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(levelname)s: %(message)s")
  logfile_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)
  logger.addHandler(logfile_handler)
  
  
  # IMPORTANT
  # ---------
  # Keep these metadata assignments simple and single-line. They are parsed
  # somewhat naively by setup.py.
  __title__ = "circup"
  __description__ = "A tool to manage/update libraries on CircuitPython devices."
  __version__ = "0.2.2"
  __license__ = "MIT"
  __url__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/circup"
  __author__ = "Adafruit Industries"
  __email__ = "ntoll@ntoll.org"
  
  
  class Module:
      """
      Represents a CircuitPython module.
      """
  
      # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
  
      def __init__(self, path, repo, device_version, bundle_version, mpy):
          """
          The ``self.file`` and ``self.name`` attributes are constructed from
          the ``path`` value. If the path is to a directory based module, the
          resulting self.file value will be None, and the name will be the
          basename of the directory path.
  
          :param str path: The path to the module on the connected CIRCUITPYTHON
          device.
          :param str repo: The URL of the Git repository for this module.
          :param str device_version: The semver value for the version on device.
          :param str bundle_version: The semver value for the version in bundle.
          :param bool mpy: Flag to indicate if the module is byte-code compiled.
          """
          self.path = path
          if os.path.isfile(self.path):
              # Single file module.
              self.file = os.path.basename(path)
              self.name = self.file.replace(".py", "").replace(".mpy", "")
          else:
              # Directory based module.
              self.file = None
              self.name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(self.path))
          self.repo = repo
          self.device_version = device_version
          self.bundle_version = bundle_version
          self.mpy = mpy
          # Figure out the bundle path.
          self.bundle_path = None
          if self.mpy:
              # Byte compiled, now check CircuitPython version.
              major_version = CPY_VERSION.split(".")[0]
              bundle_platform = "{}mpy".format(major_version)
          else:
              # Regular Python
              bundle_platform = "py"
          for search_path, _, _ in os.walk(BUNDLE_DIR.format(bundle_platform)):
              if os.path.basename(search_path) == "lib":
                  if self.file:
                      self.bundle_path = os.path.join(search_path, self.file)
                  else:
                      self.bundle_path = os.path.join(search_path, self.name)
          logger.info(self)
  
      # pylint: enable=too-many-arguments
  
      @property
      def outofdate(self):
          """
          Returns a boolean to indicate if this module is out of date.
  
          :return: Truthy indication if the module is out of date.
          """
          if self.device_version and self.bundle_version:
              try:
                  return compare(self.device_version, self.bundle_version) < 0
              except ValueError as ex:
                  logger.warning("Module '{}' has incorrect semver value.", self.name)
                  logger.warning(ex)
          return True  # Assume out of date to try to update.
  
      @property
      def row(self):
          """
          Returns a tuple of items to display in a table row to show the module's
          name, local version and remote version.
  
          :return: A tuple containing the module's name, version on the connected
                   device and version in the latest bundle.
          """
          loc = self.device_version if self.device_version else "unknown"
          rem = self.bundle_version if self.bundle_version else "unknown"
          return (self.name, loc, rem)
  
      def update(self):
          """
          Delete the module on the device, then copy the module from the bundle
          back onto the device.
  
          The caller is expected to handle any exceptions raised.
          """
          if os.path.isdir(self.path):
              # Delete and copy the directory.
              shutil.rmtree(self.path)
              shutil.copytree(self.bundle_path, self.path)
          else:
              # Delete and copy file.
              os.remove(self.path)
              shutil.copyfile(self.bundle_path, self.path)
  
      def __repr__(self):
          """
          Helps with log files.
  
          :return: A repr of a dictionary containing the module's metadata.
          """
          return repr(
              {
                  "path": self.path,
                  "file": self.file,
                  "name": self.name,
                  "repo": self.repo,
                  "device_version": self.device_version,
                  "bundle_version": self.bundle_version,
                  "bundle_path": self.bundle_path,
                  "mpy": self.mpy,
              }
          )
  
  
  def find_device():
      """
      Return the location on the filesystem for the connected Adafruit device.
      This is based upon how Mu discovers this information.
  
      :return: The path to the device on the local filesystem.
      """
      device_dir = None
      # Attempt to find the path on the filesystem that represents the plugged in
      # CIRCUITPY board.
      if os.name == "posix":
          # Linux / OSX
          for mount_command in ["mount", "/sbin/mount"]:
              try:
                  mount_output = check_output(mount_command).splitlines()
                  mounted_volumes = [x.split()[2] for x in mount_output]
                  for volume in mounted_volumes:
                      if volume.endswith(b"CIRCUITPY"):
                          device_dir = volume.decode("utf-8")
              except FileNotFoundError:
                  continue
      elif os.name == "nt":
          # Windows
  
          def get_volume_name(disk_name):
              """
              Each disk or external device connected to windows has an attribute
              called "volume name". This function returns the volume name for the
              given disk/device.
  
              Based upon answer given here: http://stackoverflow.com/a/12056414
              """
              vol_name_buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
              ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetVolumeInformationW(
                  ctypes.c_wchar_p(disk_name),
                  vol_name_buf,
                  ctypes.sizeof(vol_name_buf),
                  None,
                  None,
                  None,
                  None,
                  0,
              )
              return vol_name_buf.value
  
          #
          # In certain circumstances, volumes are allocated to USB
          # storage devices which cause a Windows popup to raise if their
          # volume contains no media. Wrapping the check in SetErrorMode
          # with SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS (1) prevents this popup.
          #
          old_mode = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetErrorMode(1)
          try:
              for disk in "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ":
                  path = "{}:\\".format(disk)
                  if os.path.exists(path) and get_volume_name(path) == "CIRCUITPY":
                      device_dir = path
                      # Report only the FIRST device found.
                      break
          finally:
              ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetErrorMode(old_mode)
      else:
          # No support for unknown operating systems.
          raise NotImplementedError('OS "{}" not supported.'.format(os.name))
      logger.info("Found device: {}", device_dir)
      return device_dir
  
  
  def get_latest_tag():
      """
      Find the value of the latest tag for the Adafruit CircuitPython library
      bundle.
  
      :return: The most recent tag value for the project.
      """
      url = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/releases/latest"
      logger.info("Requesting tag information: {}", url)
      response = requests.get(url)
      logger.info("Response url: {}", response.url)
      tag = response.url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
      logger.info("Tag: '{}'", tag)
      return tag
  
  
  def extract_metadata(path):
      """
      Given an file path, return a dictionary containing metadata extracted from
      dunder attributes found therein. Works with both *.py and *.mpy files.
  
      For Python source files, such metadata assignments should be simple and
      single-line. For example::
  
          __version__ = "1.1.4"
          __repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/SomeLibrary.git"
  
      For byte compiled *.mpy files, a brute force / backtrack approach is used
      to find the __version__ number in the file -- see comments in the
      code for the implementation details.
  
      :param str path: The path to the file containing the metadata.
      :return: The dunder based metadata found in the file, as a dictionary.
      """
      result = {}
      if path.endswith(".py"):
          result["mpy"] = False
          with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as source_file:
              content = source_file.read()
          lines = content.split("\n")
          for line in lines:
              if DUNDER_ASSIGN_RE.search(line):
                  exec(line, result)
          if "__builtins__" in result:
              del result["__builtins__"]  # Side effect of using exec, not needed.
          if result:
              logger.info("Extracted metadata: {}", result)
          return result
      if path.endswith(".mpy"):
          result["mpy"] = True
          with open(path, "rb") as mpy_file:
              content = mpy_file.read()
          # Find the start location of the "__version__" (prepended with byte
          # value of 11 to indicate length of "__version__").
          loc = content.find(b"\x0b__version__")
          if loc > -1:
              # Backtrack until a byte value of the offset is reached.
              offset = 1
              while offset < loc:
                  val = int(content[loc - offset])
                  if val == offset - 1:  # Off by one..!
                      # Found version, extract the number given boundaries.
                      start = loc - offset + 1  # No need for prepended length.
                      end = loc  # Up to the start of the __version__.
                      version = content[start:end]  # Slice the version number.
                      # Create a string version as metadata in the result.
                      result = {
                          "__version__": version.decode("utf-8"),
                          "mpy": True,
                      }
                      break  # Nothing more to do.
                  offset += 1  # ...and again but backtrack by one.
      return result
  
  
  def find_modules():
      """
      Extracts metadata from the connected device and available bundle and
      returns this as a list of Module instances representing the modules on the
      device.
  
      :return: A list of Module instances describing the current state of the
               modules on the connected device.
      """
      # pylint: disable=broad-except
      try:
          device_modules = get_device_versions()
          bundle_modules = get_bundle_versions()
          result = []
          for name, device_metadata in device_modules.items():
              if name in bundle_modules:
                  bundle_metadata = bundle_modules[name]
                  path = device_metadata["path"]
                  repo = device_metadata.get("__repo__")
                  device_version = device_metadata.get("__version__")
                  bundle_version = bundle_metadata.get("__version__")
                  mpy = device_metadata["mpy"]
                  result.append(Module(path, repo, device_version, bundle_version, mpy))
          return result
      except Exception as ex:
          # If it's not possible to get the device and bundle metadata, bail out
          # with a friendly message and indication of what's gone wrong.
          logger.exception(ex)
          click.echo("There was a problem: {}".format(ex))
          sys.exit(1)
      # pylint: enable=broad-except
  
  
  def get_bundle_versions():
      """
      Returns a dictionary of metadata from modules in the latest known release
      of the library bundle. Uses the Python version (rather than the compiled
      version) of the library modules.
  
      :return: A dictionary of metadata about the modules available in the
               library bundle.
      """
      ensure_latest_bundle()
      path = None
      for path, _, _ in os.walk(BUNDLE_DIR.format("py")):
          if os.path.basename(path) == "lib":
              break
      return get_modules(path)
  
  
  def get_circuitpython_version(device_path):
      """
      Returns the version number of CircuitPython running on the board connected
      via ``device_path``. This is obtained from the ``boot_out.txt`` file on the
      device, whose content will start with something like this::
  
          Adafruit CircuitPython 4.1.0 on 2019-08-02;
  
      :param str device_path: The path to the connected board.
      :return: The version string for CircuitPython running on the connected
               board.
      """
      with open(os.path.join(device_path, "boot_out.txt")) as boot:
          circuit_python, _ = boot.read().split(";")
      return circuit_python.split(" ")[-3]
  
  
  def get_device_versions():
      """
      Returns a dictionary of metadata from modules on the connected device.
  
      :return: A dictionary of metadata about the modules available on the
               connected device.
      """
      device_path = find_device()
      return get_modules(os.path.join(device_path, "lib"))
  
  
  def get_modules(path):
      """
      Get a dictionary containing metadata about all the Python modules found in
      the referenced path.
  
      :param str path: The directory in which to find modules.
      :return: A dictionary containing metadata about the found modules.
      """
      result = {}
      if not path:
          return result
      single_file_py_mods = glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "*.py"))
      single_file_mpy_mods = glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "*.mpy"))
      directory_mods = [
          d
          for d in glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "*", ""))
          if not os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(d)).startswith(".")
      ]
      single_file_mods = single_file_py_mods + single_file_mpy_mods
      for sfm in [f for f in single_file_mods if not os.path.basename(f).startswith(".")]:
          metadata = extract_metadata(sfm)
          metadata["path"] = sfm
          result[os.path.basename(sfm).replace(".py", "").replace(".mpy", "")] = metadata
      for dm in directory_mods:
          name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(dm))
          metadata = {}
          py_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(dm, "*.py"))
          mpy_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(dm, "*.mpy"))
          all_files = py_files + mpy_files
          for source in [f for f in all_files if not os.path.basename(f).startswith(".")]:
              metadata = extract_metadata(source)
              if "__version__" in metadata:
                  metadata["path"] = dm
                  result[name] = metadata
                  break
          else:
              # No version metadata found.
              result[name] = {"path": dm, "mpy": bool(mpy_files)}
      return result
  
  
  def ensure_latest_bundle():
      """
      Ensure that there's a copy of the latest library bundle available so circup
      can check the metadata contained therein.
      """
      logger.info("Checking for library updates.")
      tag = get_latest_tag()
      old_tag = "0"
      if os.path.isfile(BUNDLE_DATA):
          with open(BUNDLE_DATA, encoding="utf-8") as data:
              try:
                  old_tag = json.load(data)["tag"]
              except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError as ex:
                  # Sometimes (why?) the JSON file becomes corrupt. In which case
                  # log it and carry on as if setting up for first time.
                  logger.error("Could not parse {}", BUNDLE_DATA)
                  logger.exception(ex)
      if tag > old_tag:
          logger.info("New version available ({}).", tag)
          try:
              get_bundle(tag)
              with open(BUNDLE_DATA, "w", encoding="utf-8") as data:
                  json.dump({"tag": tag}, data)
          except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as ex:
              # See #20 for reason this this
              click.secho(
                  (
                      "There was a problem downloading the bundle. "
                      "Please try again in a moment."
                  ),
                  fg="red",
              )
              logger.exception(ex)
              sys.exit(1)
      else:
          logger.info("Current library bundle up to date ({}).", tag)
  
  
  def get_bundle(tag):
      """
      Downloads and extracts the version of the bundle with the referenced tag.
  
      :param str tag: The GIT tag to use to download the bundle.
      :return: The location of the resulting zip file in a temporary location on
               the local filesystem.
      """
      urls = {
          "py": (
              "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle"
              "/releases/download"
              "/{tag}/adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-py-{tag}.zip".format(tag=tag)
          ),
          "5mpy": (
              "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle"
              "/releases/download"
              "/{tag}/adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-5.x-mpy-{tag}.zip".format(tag=tag)
          ),
          "6mpy": (
              "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_Bundle/"
              "releases/download"
              "/{tag}/adafruit-circuitpython-bundle-6.x-mpy-{tag}.zip".format(tag=tag)
          ),
      }
      click.echo("Downloading latest version information.\n")
      for platform, url in urls.items():
          logger.info("Downloading bundle: {}", url)
          r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
          # pylint: disable=no-member
          if r.status_code != requests.codes.ok:
              logger.warning("Unable to connect to {}", url)
              r.raise_for_status()
          # pylint: enable=no-member
          total_size = int(r.headers.get("Content-Length"))
          temp_zip = BUNDLE_ZIP.format(platform)
          with click.progressbar(r.iter_content(1024), length=total_size) as pbar, open(
              temp_zip, "wb"
          ) as f:
              for chunk in pbar:
                  f.write(chunk)
                  pbar.update(len(chunk))
          logger.info("Saved to {}", temp_zip)
          temp_dir = BUNDLE_DIR.format(platform)
          if os.path.isdir(temp_dir):
              shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
          with zipfile.ZipFile(temp_zip, "r") as zfile:
              zfile.extractall(temp_dir)
      click.echo("\nOK\n")
  
  
  # ----------- CLI command definitions  ----------- #
  
  # The following functions have IO side effects (for instance they emit to
  # stdout). Ergo, these are not checked with unit tests. Most of the
  # functionality they provide is provided by the functions above, which *are*
  # tested. Most of the logic of the following functions is to prepare things for
  # presentation to / interaction with the user.
  
  
  @click.group()
  @click.option(
      "--verbose", is_flag=True, help="Comprehensive logging is sent to stdout."
  )
  @click.version_option(
      version=__version__,
      prog_name="CircUp",
      message="%(prog)s, A CircuitPython module updater. Version %(version)s",
  )
  def main(verbose):  # pragma: no cover
      """
      A tool to manage and update libraries on a CircuitPython device.
      """
      if verbose:
          # Configure additional logging to stdout.
          global VERBOSE
          VERBOSE = True
          verbose_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
          verbose_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
          verbose_handler.setFormatter(log_formatter)
          logger.addHandler(verbose_handler)
          click.echo("Logging to {}\n".format(LOGFILE))
      logger.info("### Started {}", datetime.now())
      device_path = find_device()
      if device_path is None:
          click.secho("Could not find a connected Adafruit device.", fg="red")
          sys.exit(1)
      global CPY_VERSION
      CPY_VERSION = get_circuitpython_version(device_path)
      click.echo(
          "Found device at {}, running CircuitPython {}.".format(device_path, CPY_VERSION)
      )
      cp_release = requests.get(
          "https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/releases/latest", timeout=2
      )
      latest_version = cp_release.url.split("/")[-1]
      try:
          if compare(CPY_VERSION, latest_version) < 0:
              click.secho(
                  "A newer version of CircuitPython ({}) is available.".format(
                      latest_version
                  ),
                  fg="green",
              )
      except ValueError as ex:
          logger.warning("CircuitPython has incorrect semver value.")
          logger.warning(ex)
  
  
  @main.command()
  @click.option("-r", "--requirement", is_flag=True)
  def freeze(requirement):  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Output details of all the modules found on the connected CIRCUITPYTHON
      device. Option -r saves output to requirements.txt file
      """
      logger.info("Freeze")
      modules = find_modules()
      if modules:
          output = []
          for module in modules:
              output.append("{}=={}".format(module.name, module.device_version))
          for module in output:
              click.echo(module)
              logger.info(module)
          if requirement:
              cwd = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
              for i, module in enumerate(output):
                  output[i] += "\n"
              with open(cwd + "/" + "requirements.txt", "w", newline="\n") as file:
                  file.truncate(0)
                  file.writelines(output)
      else:
          click.echo("No modules found on the device.")
  
  
  @main.command()
  def list():  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Lists all out of date modules found on the connected CIRCUITPYTHON device.
      """
      logger.info("List")
      # Grab out of date modules.
      data = [("Module", "Version", "Latest")]
      modules = [m.row for m in find_modules() if m.outofdate]
      if modules:
          data += modules
          # Nice tabular display.
          col_width = [0, 0, 0]
          for row in data:
              for i, word in enumerate(row):
                  col_width[i] = max(len(word) + 2, col_width[i])
          dashes = tuple(("-" * (width - 1) for width in col_width))
          data.insert(1, dashes)
          click.echo(
              "The following modules are out of date or probably need " "an update.\n"
          )
          for row in data:
              output = ""
              for i in range(3):
                  output += row[i].ljust(col_width[i])
              if not VERBOSE:
                  click.echo(output)
              logger.info(output)
      else:
          click.echo("All modules found on the device are up to date.")
  
  
  @main.command(
      short_help=(
          "Update modules on the device. "
          "Use --all to automatically update all modules."
      )
  )
  @click.option("--all", is_flag=True)
  def update(all):  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Checks for out-of-date modules on the connected CIRCUITPYTHON device, and
      prompts the user to confirm updating such modules.
      """
      logger.info("Update")
      # Grab out of date modules.
      modules = [m for m in find_modules() if m.outofdate]
      if modules:
          click.echo("Found {} module[s] needing update.".format(len(modules)))
          if not all:
              click.echo("Please indicate which modules you wish to update:\n")
          for module in modules:
              update_flag = all
              if not update_flag:
                  update_flag = click.confirm("Update '{}'?".format(module.name))
              if update_flag:
                  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                  try:
                      module.update()
                      click.echo("Updated {}".format(module.name))
                  except Exception as ex:
                      logger.exception(ex)
                      click.echo(
                          "Something went wrong, {} (check the logs)".format(str(ex))
                      )
                  # pylint: enable=broad-except
      else:
          click.echo("None of the modules found on the device need an update.")
  
  
  @main.command()
  def show():  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Show a list of available modules in the bundle. These are modules which
      *could* be installed on the device.
      """
      available_modules = get_bundle_versions()
      module_names = sorted([m.replace(".py", "") for m in available_modules])
      click.echo("\n".join(module_names))
      click.echo("{} packages.".format(len(module_names)))
  
  
  # pylint: disable=too-many-locals,too-many-branches
  def install_module(name, py, mod_names):  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Finds a connected device and installs a given module name if it
      is available in the current module bundle and is not already
      installed on the device.
  
      Arguments are: name of the module to install, py is a boolean to
      specify if the module should be installed from source or from a
      pre-compiled module, and mod_names requires a dictionary of metadata
      from modules that can be generated with get_bundle_versions(). See
      the Install command function for an example.
  
      TODO: There is currently no check for the version.
      """
      if not name:
          click.echo("No module name provided.")
      elif name in mod_names:
          device_path = find_device()
          if device_path is None:
              raise IOError("Could not find a connected Adafruit device.")
          library_path = os.path.join(device_path, "lib")
          metadata = mod_names[name]
          # Grab device modules to check if module already installed
          device_modules = []
          for module in find_modules():
              device_modules.append(module.name)
          if name in device_modules:
              click.echo("'{}' is already installed.".format(name))
              return
          if py:
              # Use Python source for module.
              source_path = metadata["path"]  # Path to Python source version.
              if os.path.isdir(source_path):
                  target = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(source_path))
                  target_path = os.path.join(library_path, target)
                  # Copy the directory.
                  shutil.copytree(source_path, target_path)
              else:
                  target = os.path.basename(source_path)
                  target_path = os.path.join(library_path, target)
                  # Copy file.
                  shutil.copyfile(source_path, target_path)
          else:
              # Use pre-compiled mpy modules.
              module_name = os.path.basename(metadata["path"]).replace(".py", ".mpy")
              if not module_name:
                  # Must be a directory based module.
                  module_name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(metadata["path"]))
              major_version = CPY_VERSION.split(".")[0]
              bundle_platform = "{}mpy".format(major_version)
              bundle_path = ""
              for path, _, _ in os.walk(BUNDLE_DIR.format(bundle_platform)):
                  if os.path.basename(path) == "lib":
                      bundle_path = os.path.join(path, module_name)
              if bundle_path:
                  if os.path.isdir(bundle_path):
                      target_path = os.path.join(library_path, module_name)
                      # Copy the directory.
                      shutil.copytree(bundle_path, target_path)
                  else:
                      target = os.path.basename(bundle_path)
                      target_path = os.path.join(library_path, target)
                      # Copy file.
                      shutil.copyfile(bundle_path, target_path)
              else:
                  raise IOError("Cannot find compiled version of module.")
          click.echo("Installed '{}'.".format(name))
      else:
          click.echo("Unknown module named, '{}'.".format(name))
  
  
  # pylint: enable=too-many-locals,too-many-branches
  
  
  @main.command()
  @click.argument("name", required=False)
  @click.option("--py", is_flag=True)
  @click.option("-r", "--requirement")
  def install(name, py, requirement):  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Install a named module onto the device. This is a very naive / simple
      hacky proof of concept. Option -r allows specifying a text file to
      install all modules listed in the text file.
  
      TODO: Work out how to specify / handle dependencies (if at all), ensure
      there's enough space on the device, work out the version of CircuitPython
      on the device in order to copy the appropriate .mpy versions too. ;-)
      """
      available_modules = get_bundle_versions()
      # Normalize user input.
      name = name.lower() if name else ""
      mod_names = {}
      for module, metadata in available_modules.items():
          mod_names[module.replace(".py", "").lower()] = metadata
      if requirement:
          cwd = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
          with open(cwd + "/" + requirement, "r") as file:
              for line in file.readlines():
                  # Ignore comment lines or appended comment annotations.
                  line = line.split("#", 1)[0]
                  line = line.strip()  # Remove whitespace (including \n).
                  if line:  # Ignore blank lines.
                      module = line.split("==")[0] if "==" in line else line
                      install_module(module, py, mod_names)
      else:
          install_module(name, py, mod_names)
  
  
  @main.command()
  @click.argument("module", nargs=-1)
  def uninstall(module):  # pragma: no cover
      """
      Uninstall a named module(s) from the connected device. Multiple modules
      can be uninstalled at once by providing more than one module name, each
      separated by a space.
      """
      for name in module:
          device_modules = get_device_versions()
          name = name.lower()
          mod_names = {}
          for module_item, metadata in device_modules.items():
              mod_names[module_item.replace(".py", "").lower()] = metadata
          if name in mod_names:
              device_path = find_device()
              if device_path is None:
                  raise IOError("Could not find a connected Adafruit device.")
              library_path = os.path.join(device_path, "lib")
              metadata = mod_names[name]
              module_path = metadata["path"]
              if os.path.isdir(module_path):
                  target = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(module_path))
                  target_path = os.path.join(library_path, target)
                  # Remove the directory.
                  shutil.rmtree(target_path)
              else:
                  target = os.path.basename(module_path)
                  target_path = os.path.join(library_path, target)
                  # Remove file
                  os.remove(target_path)
              click.echo("Uninstalled '{}'.".format(name))
          else:
              click.echo("Module '{}' not found on device.".format(name))
  
  
  # Allows execution via `python -m circup ...`
  # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter
  if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
      main()
  