text: /*
   * probe-event.c : perf-probe definition to probe_events format converter
   *
   * Written by Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
   *
   * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   * (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   * GNU General Public License for more details.
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
   *
   */
  
  #include <inttypes.h>
  #include <sys/utsname.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdarg.h>
  #include <limits.h>
  #include <elf.h>
  
  #include "util.h"
  #include "event.h"
  #include "strlist.h"
  #include "strfilter.h"
  #include "debug.h"
  #include "cache.h"
  #include "color.h"
  #include "symbol.h"
  #include "thread.h"
  #include <api/fs/fs.h>
  #include "trace-event.h"	/* For __maybe_unused */
  #include "probe-event.h"
  #include "probe-finder.h"
  #include "probe-file.h"
  #include "session.h"
  #include "string2.h"
  
  #include "sane_ctype.h"
  
  #define PERFPROBE_GROUP "probe"
  
  bool probe_event_dry_run;	/* Dry run flag */
  struct probe_conf probe_conf;
  
  #define semantic_error(msg ...) pr_err("Semantic error :" msg)
  
  int e_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
  {
  	int ret;
  	va_list ap;
  	va_start(ap, format);
  	ret = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
  	va_end(ap);
  	if (ret >= (int)size)
  		ret = -E2BIG;
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static struct machine *host_machine;
  
  /* Initialize symbol maps and path of vmlinux/modules */
  int init_probe_symbol_maps(bool user_only)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	symbol_conf.sort_by_name = true;
  	symbol_conf.allow_aliases = true;
  	ret = symbol__init(NULL);
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		pr_debug("Failed to init symbol map.\n");
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (host_machine || user_only)	/* already initialized */
  		return 0;
  
  	if (symbol_conf.vmlinux_name)
  		pr_debug("Use vmlinux: %s\n", symbol_conf.vmlinux_name);
  
  	host_machine = machine__new_host();
  	if (!host_machine) {
  		pr_debug("machine__new_host() failed.\n");
  		symbol__exit();
  		ret = -1;
  	}
  out:
  	if (ret < 0)
  		pr_warning("Failed to init vmlinux path.\n");
  	return ret;
  }
  
  void exit_probe_symbol_maps(void)
  {
  	machine__delete(host_machine);
  	host_machine = NULL;
  	symbol__exit();
  }
  
  static struct symbol *__find_kernel_function_by_name(const char *name,
  						     struct map **mapp)
  {
  	return machine__find_kernel_function_by_name(host_machine, name, mapp);
  }
  
  static struct symbol *__find_kernel_function(u64 addr, struct map **mapp)
  {
  	return machine__find_kernel_function(host_machine, addr, mapp);
  }
  
  static struct ref_reloc_sym *kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym(void)
  {
  	/* kmap->ref_reloc_sym should be set if host_machine is initialized */
  	struct kmap *kmap;
  	struct map *map = machine__kernel_map(host_machine);
  
  	if (map__load(map) < 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	kmap = map__kmap(map);
  	if (!kmap)
  		return NULL;
  	return kmap->ref_reloc_sym;
  }
  
  static int kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name(const char *name, u64 *addr,
  					     bool reloc, bool reladdr)
  {
  	struct ref_reloc_sym *reloc_sym;
  	struct symbol *sym;
  	struct map *map;
  
  	/* ref_reloc_sym is just a label. Need a special fix*/
  	reloc_sym = kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym();
  	if (reloc_sym && strcmp(name, reloc_sym->name) == 0)
  		*addr = (reloc) ? reloc_sym->addr : reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr;
  	else {
  		sym = __find_kernel_function_by_name(name, &map);
  		if (!sym)
  			return -ENOENT;
  		*addr = map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start) -
  			((reloc) ? 0 : map->reloc) -
  			((reladdr) ? map->start : 0);
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static struct map *kernel_get_module_map(const char *module)
  {
  	struct map_groups *grp = &host_machine->kmaps;
  	struct maps *maps = &grp->maps[MAP__FUNCTION];
  	struct map *pos;
  
  	/* A file path -- this is an offline module */
  	if (module && strchr(module, '/'))
  		return dso__new_map(module);
  
  	if (!module)
  		module = "kernel";
  
  	for (pos = maps__first(maps); pos; pos = map__next(pos)) {
  		/* short_name is "[module]" */
  		if (strncmp(pos->dso->short_name + 1, module,
  			    pos->dso->short_name_len - 2) == 0 &&
  		    module[pos->dso->short_name_len - 2] == '\0') {
  			map__get(pos);
  			return pos;
  		}
  	}
  	return NULL;
  }
  
  struct map *get_target_map(const char *target, struct nsinfo *nsi, bool user)
  {
  	/* Init maps of given executable or kernel */
  	if (user) {
  		struct map *map;
  
  		map = dso__new_map(target);
  		if (map && map->dso)
  			map->dso->nsinfo = nsinfo__get(nsi);
  		return map;
  	} else {
  		return kernel_get_module_map(target);
  	}
  }
  
  static int convert_exec_to_group(const char *exec, char **result)
  {
  	char *ptr1, *ptr2, *exec_copy;
  	char buf[64];
  	int ret;
  
  	exec_copy = strdup(exec);
  	if (!exec_copy)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	ptr1 = basename(exec_copy);
  	if (!ptr1) {
  		ret = -EINVAL;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	for (ptr2 = ptr1; *ptr2 != '\0'; ptr2++) {
  		if (!isalnum(*ptr2) && *ptr2 != '_') {
  			*ptr2 = '\0';
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	ret = e_snprintf(buf, 64, "%s_%s", PERFPROBE_GROUP, ptr1);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	*result = strdup(buf);
  	ret = *result ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
  
  out:
  	free(exec_copy);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static void clear_perf_probe_point(struct perf_probe_point *pp)
  {
  	free(pp->file);
  	free(pp->function);
  	free(pp->lazy_line);
  }
  
  static void clear_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs, int ntevs)
  {
  	int i;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++)
  		clear_probe_trace_event(tevs + i);
  }
  
  static bool kprobe_blacklist__listed(unsigned long address);
  static bool kprobe_warn_out_range(const char *symbol, unsigned long address)
  {
  	u64 etext_addr = 0;
  	int ret;
  
  	/* Get the address of _etext for checking non-probable text symbol */
  	ret = kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name("_etext", &etext_addr,
  						false, false);
  
  	if (ret == 0 && etext_addr < address)
  		pr_warning("%s is out of .text, skip it.\n", symbol);
  	else if (kprobe_blacklist__listed(address))
  		pr_warning("%s is blacklisted function, skip it.\n", symbol);
  	else
  		return false;
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  /*
   * @module can be module name of module file path. In case of path,
   * inspect elf and find out what is actual module name.
   * Caller has to free mod_name after using it.
   */
  static char *find_module_name(const char *module)
  {
  	int fd;
  	Elf *elf;
  	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
  	GElf_Shdr shdr;
  	Elf_Data *data;
  	Elf_Scn *sec;
  	char *mod_name = NULL;
  	int name_offset;
  
  	fd = open(module, O_RDONLY);
  	if (fd < 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
  	if (elf == NULL)
  		goto elf_err;
  
  	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
  		goto ret_err;
  
  	sec = elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr,
  			".gnu.linkonce.this_module", NULL);
  	if (!sec)
  		goto ret_err;
  
  	data = elf_getdata(sec, NULL);
  	if (!data || !data->d_buf)
  		goto ret_err;
  
  	/*
  	 * NOTE:
  	 * '.gnu.linkonce.this_module' section of kernel module elf directly
  	 * maps to 'struct module' from linux/module.h. This section contains
  	 * actual module name which will be used by kernel after loading it.
  	 * But, we cannot use 'struct module' here since linux/module.h is not
  	 * exposed to user-space. Offset of 'name' has remained same from long
  	 * time, so hardcoding it here.
  	 */
  	if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32)
  		name_offset = 12;
  	else	/* expect ELFCLASS64 by default */
  		name_offset = 24;
  
  	mod_name = strdup((char *)data->d_buf + name_offset);
  
  ret_err:
  	elf_end(elf);
  elf_err:
  	close(fd);
  	return mod_name;
  }
  
  #ifdef HAVE_DWARF_SUPPORT
  
  static int kernel_get_module_dso(const char *module, struct dso **pdso)
  {
  	struct dso *dso;
  	struct map *map;
  	const char *vmlinux_name;
  	int ret = 0;
  
  	if (module) {
  		char module_name[128];
  
  		snprintf(module_name, sizeof(module_name), "[%s]", module);
  		map = map_groups__find_by_name(&host_machine->kmaps, MAP__FUNCTION, module_name);
  		if (map) {
  			dso = map->dso;
  			goto found;
  		}
  		pr_debug("Failed to find module %s.\n", module);
  		return -ENOENT;
  	}
  
  	map = machine__kernel_map(host_machine);
  	dso = map->dso;
  
  	vmlinux_name = symbol_conf.vmlinux_name;
  	dso->load_errno = 0;
  	if (vmlinux_name)
  		ret = dso__load_vmlinux(dso, map, vmlinux_name, false);
  	else
  		ret = dso__load_vmlinux_path(dso, map);
  found:
  	*pdso = dso;
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /*
   * Some binaries like glibc have special symbols which are on the symbol
   * table, but not in the debuginfo. If we can find the address of the
   * symbol from map, we can translate the address back to the probe point.
   */
  static int find_alternative_probe_point(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
  					struct perf_probe_point *pp,
  					struct perf_probe_point *result,
  					const char *target, struct nsinfo *nsi,
  					bool uprobes)
  {
  	struct map *map = NULL;
  	struct symbol *sym;
  	u64 address = 0;
  	int ret = -ENOENT;
  
  	/* This can work only for function-name based one */
  	if (!pp->function || pp->file)
  		return -ENOTSUP;
  
  	map = get_target_map(target, nsi, uprobes);
  	if (!map)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	/* Find the address of given function */
  	map__for_each_symbol_by_name(map, pp->function, sym) {
  		if (uprobes)
  			address = sym->start;
  		else
  			address = map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start) - map->reloc;
  		break;
  	}
  	if (!address) {
  		ret = -ENOENT;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	pr_debug("Symbol %s address found : %" PRIx64 "\n",
  			pp->function, address);
  
  	ret = debuginfo__find_probe_point(dinfo, (unsigned long)address,
  					  result);
  	if (ret <= 0)
  		ret = (!ret) ? -ENOENT : ret;
  	else {
  		result->offset += pp->offset;
  		result->line += pp->line;
  		result->retprobe = pp->retprobe;
  		ret = 0;
  	}
  
  out:
  	map__put(map);
  	return ret;
  
  }
  
  static int get_alternative_probe_event(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
  				       struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				       struct perf_probe_point *tmp)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	memcpy(tmp, &pev->point, sizeof(*tmp));
  	memset(&pev->point, 0, sizeof(pev->point));
  	ret = find_alternative_probe_point(dinfo, tmp, &pev->point, pev->target,
  					   pev->nsi, pev->uprobes);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		memcpy(&pev->point, tmp, sizeof(*tmp));
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int get_alternative_line_range(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
  				      struct line_range *lr,
  				      const char *target, bool user)
  {
  	struct perf_probe_point pp = { .function = lr->function,
  				       .file = lr->file,
  				       .line = lr->start };
  	struct perf_probe_point result;
  	int ret, len = 0;
  
  	memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
  
  	if (lr->end != INT_MAX)
  		len = lr->end - lr->start;
  	ret = find_alternative_probe_point(dinfo, &pp, &result,
  					   target, NULL, user);
  	if (!ret) {
  		lr->function = result.function;
  		lr->file = result.file;
  		lr->start = result.line;
  		if (lr->end != INT_MAX)
  			lr->end = lr->start + len;
  		clear_perf_probe_point(&pp);
  	}
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Open new debuginfo of given module */
  static struct debuginfo *open_debuginfo(const char *module, struct nsinfo *nsi,
  					bool silent)
  {
  	const char *path = module;
  	char reason[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
  	struct debuginfo *ret = NULL;
  	struct dso *dso = NULL;
  	struct nscookie nsc;
  	int err;
  
  	if (!module || !strchr(module, '/')) {
  		err = kernel_get_module_dso(module, &dso);
  		if (err < 0) {
  			if (!dso || dso->load_errno == 0) {
  				if (!str_error_r(-err, reason, STRERR_BUFSIZE))
  					strcpy(reason, "(unknown)");
  			} else
  				dso__strerror_load(dso, reason, STRERR_BUFSIZE);
  			if (!silent)
  				pr_err("Failed to find the path for %s: %s\n",
  					module ?: "kernel", reason);
  			return NULL;
  		}
  		path = dso->long_name;
  	}
  	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
  	ret = debuginfo__new(path);
  	if (!ret && !silent) {
  		pr_warning("The %s file has no debug information.\n", path);
  		if (!module || !strtailcmp(path, ".ko"))
  			pr_warning("Rebuild with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y, ");
  		else
  			pr_warning("Rebuild with -g, ");
  		pr_warning("or install an appropriate debuginfo package.\n");
  	}
  	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* For caching the last debuginfo */
  static struct debuginfo *debuginfo_cache;
  static char *debuginfo_cache_path;
  
  static struct debuginfo *debuginfo_cache__open(const char *module, bool silent)
  {
  	const char *path = module;
  
  	/* If the module is NULL, it should be the kernel. */
  	if (!module)
  		path = "kernel";
  
  	if (debuginfo_cache_path && !strcmp(debuginfo_cache_path, path))
  		goto out;
  
  	/* Copy module path */
  	free(debuginfo_cache_path);
  	debuginfo_cache_path = strdup(path);
  	if (!debuginfo_cache_path) {
  		debuginfo__delete(debuginfo_cache);
  		debuginfo_cache = NULL;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	debuginfo_cache = open_debuginfo(module, NULL, silent);
  	if (!debuginfo_cache)
  		zfree(&debuginfo_cache_path);
  out:
  	return debuginfo_cache;
  }
  
  static void debuginfo_cache__exit(void)
  {
  	debuginfo__delete(debuginfo_cache);
  	debuginfo_cache = NULL;
  	zfree(&debuginfo_cache_path);
  }
  
  
  static int get_text_start_address(const char *exec, unsigned long *address,
  				  struct nsinfo *nsi)
  {
  	Elf *elf;
  	GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
  	GElf_Shdr shdr;
  	int fd, ret = -ENOENT;
  	struct nscookie nsc;
  
  	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
  	fd = open(exec, O_RDONLY);
  	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
  	if (fd < 0)
  		return -errno;
  
  	elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
  	if (elf == NULL) {
  		ret = -EINVAL;
  		goto out_close;
  	}
  
  	if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
  		goto out;
  
  	if (!elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr, ".text", NULL))
  		goto out;
  
  	*address = shdr.sh_addr - shdr.sh_offset;
  	ret = 0;
  out:
  	elf_end(elf);
  out_close:
  	close(fd);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /*
   * Convert trace point to probe point with debuginfo
   */
  static int find_perf_probe_point_from_dwarf(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
  					    struct perf_probe_point *pp,
  					    bool is_kprobe)
  {
  	struct debuginfo *dinfo = NULL;
  	unsigned long stext = 0;
  	u64 addr = tp->address;
  	int ret = -ENOENT;
  
  	/* convert the address to dwarf address */
  	if (!is_kprobe) {
  		if (!addr) {
  			ret = -EINVAL;
  			goto error;
  		}
  		ret = get_text_start_address(tp->module, &stext, NULL);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			goto error;
  		addr += stext;
  	} else if (tp->symbol) {
  		/* If the module is given, this returns relative address */
  		ret = kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name(tp->symbol, &addr,
  							false, !!tp->module);
  		if (ret != 0)
  			goto error;
  		addr += tp->offset;
  	}
  
  	pr_debug("try to find information at %" PRIx64 " in %s\n", addr,
  		 tp->module ? : "kernel");
  
  	dinfo = debuginfo_cache__open(tp->module, verbose <= 0);
  	if (dinfo)
  		ret = debuginfo__find_probe_point(dinfo,
  						 (unsigned long)addr, pp);
  	else
  		ret = -ENOENT;
  
  	if (ret > 0) {
  		pp->retprobe = tp->retprobe;
  		return 0;
  	}
  error:
  	pr_debug("Failed to find corresponding probes from debuginfo.\n");
  	return ret ? : -ENOENT;
  }
  
  /* Adjust symbol name and address */
  static int post_process_probe_trace_point(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
  					   struct map *map, unsigned long offs)
  {
  	struct symbol *sym;
  	u64 addr = tp->address - offs;
  
  	sym = map__find_symbol(map, addr);
  	if (!sym)
  		return -ENOENT;
  
  	if (strcmp(sym->name, tp->symbol)) {
  		/* If we have no realname, use symbol for it */
  		if (!tp->realname)
  			tp->realname = tp->symbol;
  		else
  			free(tp->symbol);
  		tp->symbol = strdup(sym->name);
  		if (!tp->symbol)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	tp->offset = addr - sym->start;
  	tp->address -= offs;
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
   * Rename DWARF symbols to ELF symbols -- gcc sometimes optimizes functions
   * and generate new symbols with suffixes such as .constprop.N or .isra.N
   * etc. Since those symbols are not recorded in DWARF, we have to find
   * correct generated symbols from offline ELF binary.
   * For online kernel or uprobes we don't need this because those are
   * rebased on _text, or already a section relative address.
   */
  static int
  post_process_offline_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
  					int ntevs, const char *pathname)
  {
  	struct map *map;
  	unsigned long stext = 0;
  	int i, ret = 0;
  
  	/* Prepare a map for offline binary */
  	map = dso__new_map(pathname);
  	if (!map || get_text_start_address(pathname, &stext, NULL) < 0) {
  		pr_warning("Failed to get ELF symbols for %s\n", pathname);
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
  		ret = post_process_probe_trace_point(&tevs[i].point,
  						     map, stext);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  	}
  	map__put(map);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int add_exec_to_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
  					  int ntevs, const char *exec,
  					  struct nsinfo *nsi)
  {
  	int i, ret = 0;
  	unsigned long stext = 0;
  
  	if (!exec)
  		return 0;
  
  	ret = get_text_start_address(exec, &stext, nsi);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < ntevs && ret >= 0; i++) {
  		/* point.address is the addres of point.symbol + point.offset */
  		tevs[i].point.address -= stext;
  		tevs[i].point.module = strdup(exec);
  		if (!tevs[i].point.module) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			break;
  		}
  		tevs[i].uprobes = true;
  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int
  post_process_module_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
  				       int ntevs, const char *module,
  				       struct debuginfo *dinfo)
  {
  	Dwarf_Addr text_offs = 0;
  	int i, ret = 0;
  	char *mod_name = NULL;
  	struct map *map;
  
  	if (!module)
  		return 0;
  
  	map = get_target_map(module, NULL, false);
  	if (!map || debuginfo__get_text_offset(dinfo, &text_offs, true) < 0) {
  		pr_warning("Failed to get ELF symbols for %s\n", module);
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	mod_name = find_module_name(module);
  	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
  		ret = post_process_probe_trace_point(&tevs[i].point,
  						map, (unsigned long)text_offs);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  		tevs[i].point.module =
  			strdup(mod_name ? mod_name : module);
  		if (!tevs[i].point.module) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	free(mod_name);
  	map__put(map);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int
  post_process_kernel_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
  				       int ntevs)
  {
  	struct ref_reloc_sym *reloc_sym;
  	char *tmp;
  	int i, skipped = 0;
  
  	/* Skip post process if the target is an offline kernel */
  	if (symbol_conf.ignore_vmlinux_buildid)
  		return post_process_offline_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs,
  						symbol_conf.vmlinux_name);
  
  	reloc_sym = kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym();
  	if (!reloc_sym) {
  		pr_warning("Relocated base symbol is not found!\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
  		if (!tevs[i].point.address)
  			continue;
  		if (tevs[i].point.retprobe && !kretprobe_offset_is_supported())
  			continue;
  		/* If we found a wrong one, mark it by NULL symbol */
  		if (kprobe_warn_out_range(tevs[i].point.symbol,
  					  tevs[i].point.address)) {
  			tmp = NULL;
  			skipped++;
  		} else {
  			tmp = strdup(reloc_sym->name);
  			if (!tmp)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  		}
  		/* If we have no realname, use symbol for it */
  		if (!tevs[i].point.realname)
  			tevs[i].point.realname = tevs[i].point.symbol;
  		else
  			free(tevs[i].point.symbol);
  		tevs[i].point.symbol = tmp;
  		tevs[i].point.offset = tevs[i].point.address -
  				       reloc_sym->unrelocated_addr;
  	}
  	return skipped;
  }
  
  void __weak
  arch__post_process_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev __maybe_unused,
  				      int ntevs __maybe_unused)
  {
  }
  
  /* Post processing the probe events */
  static int post_process_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  					   struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
  					   int ntevs, const char *module,
  					   bool uprobe, struct debuginfo *dinfo)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	if (uprobe)
  		ret = add_exec_to_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs, module,
  						     pev->nsi);
  	else if (module)
  		/* Currently ref_reloc_sym based probe is not for drivers */
  		ret = post_process_module_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs,
  							     module, dinfo);
  	else
  		ret = post_process_kernel_probe_trace_events(tevs, ntevs);
  
  	if (ret >= 0)
  		arch__post_process_probe_trace_events(pev, ntevs);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Try to find perf_probe_event with debuginfo */
  static int try_to_find_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  					  struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
  {
  	bool need_dwarf = perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(pev);
  	struct perf_probe_point tmp;
  	struct debuginfo *dinfo;
  	int ntevs, ret = 0;
  
  	dinfo = open_debuginfo(pev->target, pev->nsi, !need_dwarf);
  	if (!dinfo) {
  		if (need_dwarf)
  			return -ENOENT;
  		pr_debug("Could not open debuginfo. Try to use symbols.\n");
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	pr_debug("Try to find probe point from debuginfo.\n");
  	/* Searching trace events corresponding to a probe event */
  	ntevs = debuginfo__find_trace_events(dinfo, pev, tevs);
  
  	if (ntevs == 0)	{  /* Not found, retry with an alternative */
  		ret = get_alternative_probe_event(dinfo, pev, &tmp);
  		if (!ret) {
  			ntevs = debuginfo__find_trace_events(dinfo, pev, tevs);
  			/*
  			 * Write back to the original probe_event for
  			 * setting appropriate (user given) event name
  			 */
  			clear_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
  			memcpy(&pev->point, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (ntevs > 0) {	/* Succeeded to find trace events */
  		pr_debug("Found %d probe_trace_events.\n", ntevs);
  		ret = post_process_probe_trace_events(pev, *tevs, ntevs,
  					pev->target, pev->uprobes, dinfo);
  		if (ret < 0 || ret == ntevs) {
  			pr_debug("Post processing failed or all events are skipped. (%d)\n", ret);
  			clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, ntevs);
  			zfree(tevs);
  			ntevs = 0;
  		}
  	}
  
  	debuginfo__delete(dinfo);
  
  	if (ntevs == 0)	{	/* No error but failed to find probe point. */
  		pr_warning("Probe point '%s' not found.\n",
  			   synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point));
  		return -ENOENT;
  	} else if (ntevs < 0) {
  		/* Error path : ntevs < 0 */
  		pr_debug("An error occurred in debuginfo analysis (%d).\n", ntevs);
  		if (ntevs == -EBADF)
  			pr_warning("Warning: No dwarf info found in the vmlinux - "
  				"please rebuild kernel with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y.\n");
  		if (!need_dwarf) {
  			pr_debug("Trying to use symbols.\n");
  			return 0;
  		}
  	}
  	return ntevs;
  }
  
  #define LINEBUF_SIZE 256
  #define NR_ADDITIONAL_LINES 2
  
  static int __show_one_line(FILE *fp, int l, bool skip, bool show_num)
  {
  	char buf[LINEBUF_SIZE], sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
  	const char *color = show_num ? "" : PERF_COLOR_BLUE;
  	const char *prefix = NULL;
  
  	do {
  		if (fgets(buf, LINEBUF_SIZE, fp) == NULL)
  			goto error;
  		if (skip)
  			continue;
  		if (!prefix) {
  			prefix = show_num ? "%7d  " : "         ";
  			color_fprintf(stdout, color, prefix, l);
  		}
  		color_fprintf(stdout, color, "%s", buf);
  
  	} while (strchr(buf, '\n') == NULL);
  
  	return 1;
  error:
  	if (ferror(fp)) {
  		pr_warning("File read error: %s\n",
  			   str_error_r(errno, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
  		return -1;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int _show_one_line(FILE *fp, int l, bool skip, bool show_num)
  {
  	int rv = __show_one_line(fp, l, skip, show_num);
  	if (rv == 0) {
  		pr_warning("Source file is shorter than expected.\n");
  		rv = -1;
  	}
  	return rv;
  }
  
  #define show_one_line_with_num(f,l)	_show_one_line(f,l,false,true)
  #define show_one_line(f,l)		_show_one_line(f,l,false,false)
  #define skip_one_line(f,l)		_show_one_line(f,l,true,false)
  #define show_one_line_or_eof(f,l)	__show_one_line(f,l,false,false)
  
  /*
   * Show line-range always requires debuginfo to find source file and
   * line number.
   */
  static int __show_line_range(struct line_range *lr, const char *module,
  			     bool user)
  {
  	int l = 1;
  	struct int_node *ln;
  	struct debuginfo *dinfo;
  	FILE *fp;
  	int ret;
  	char *tmp;
  	char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
  
  	/* Search a line range */
  	dinfo = open_debuginfo(module, NULL, false);
  	if (!dinfo)
  		return -ENOENT;
  
  	ret = debuginfo__find_line_range(dinfo, lr);
  	if (!ret) {	/* Not found, retry with an alternative */
  		ret = get_alternative_line_range(dinfo, lr, module, user);
  		if (!ret)
  			ret = debuginfo__find_line_range(dinfo, lr);
  	}
  	debuginfo__delete(dinfo);
  	if (ret == 0 || ret == -ENOENT) {
  		pr_warning("Specified source line is not found.\n");
  		return -ENOENT;
  	} else if (ret < 0) {
  		pr_warning("Debuginfo analysis failed.\n");
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	/* Convert source file path */
  	tmp = lr->path;
  	ret = get_real_path(tmp, lr->comp_dir, &lr->path);
  
  	/* Free old path when new path is assigned */
  	if (tmp != lr->path)
  		free(tmp);
  
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		pr_warning("Failed to find source file path.\n");
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	setup_pager();
  
  	if (lr->function)
  		fprintf(stdout, "<%s@%s:%d>\n", lr->function, lr->path,
  			lr->start - lr->offset);
  	else
  		fprintf(stdout, "<%s:%d>\n", lr->path, lr->start);
  
  	fp = fopen(lr->path, "r");
  	if (fp == NULL) {
  		pr_warning("Failed to open %s: %s\n", lr->path,
  			   str_error_r(errno, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
  		return -errno;
  	}
  	/* Skip to starting line number */
  	while (l < lr->start) {
  		ret = skip_one_line(fp, l++);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			goto end;
  	}
  
  	intlist__for_each_entry(ln, lr->line_list) {
  		for (; ln->i > l; l++) {
  			ret = show_one_line(fp, l - lr->offset);
  			if (ret < 0)
  				goto end;
  		}
  		ret = show_one_line_with_num(fp, l++ - lr->offset);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			goto end;
  	}
  
  	if (lr->end == INT_MAX)
  		lr->end = l + NR_ADDITIONAL_LINES;
  	while (l <= lr->end) {
  		ret = show_one_line_or_eof(fp, l++ - lr->offset);
  		if (ret <= 0)
  			break;
  	}
  end:
  	fclose(fp);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  int show_line_range(struct line_range *lr, const char *module,
  		    struct nsinfo *nsi, bool user)
  {
  	int ret;
  	struct nscookie nsc;
  
  	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(user);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  	nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
  	ret = __show_line_range(lr, module, user);
  	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
  	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int show_available_vars_at(struct debuginfo *dinfo,
  				  struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				  struct strfilter *_filter)
  {
  	char *buf;
  	int ret, i, nvars;
  	struct str_node *node;
  	struct variable_list *vls = NULL, *vl;
  	struct perf_probe_point tmp;
  	const char *var;
  
  	buf = synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
  	if (!buf)
  		return -EINVAL;
  	pr_debug("Searching variables at %s\n", buf);
  
  	ret = debuginfo__find_available_vars_at(dinfo, pev, &vls);
  	if (!ret) {  /* Not found, retry with an alternative */
  		ret = get_alternative_probe_event(dinfo, pev, &tmp);
  		if (!ret) {
  			ret = debuginfo__find_available_vars_at(dinfo, pev,
  								&vls);
  			/* Release the old probe_point */
  			clear_perf_probe_point(&tmp);
  		}
  	}
  	if (ret <= 0) {
  		if (ret == 0 || ret == -ENOENT) {
  			pr_err("Failed to find the address of %s\n", buf);
  			ret = -ENOENT;
  		} else
  			pr_warning("Debuginfo analysis failed.\n");
  		goto end;
  	}
  
  	/* Some variables are found */
  	fprintf(stdout, "Available variables at %s\n", buf);
  	for (i = 0; i < ret; i++) {
  		vl = &vls[i];
  		/*
  		 * A probe point might be converted to
  		 * several trace points.
  		 */
  		fprintf(stdout, "\t@<%s+%lu>\n", vl->point.symbol,
  			vl->point.offset);
  		zfree(&vl->point.symbol);
  		nvars = 0;
  		if (vl->vars) {
  			strlist__for_each_entry(node, vl->vars) {
  				var = strchr(node->s, '\t') + 1;
  				if (strfilter__compare(_filter, var)) {
  					fprintf(stdout, "\t\t%s\n", node->s);
  					nvars++;
  				}
  			}
  			strlist__delete(vl->vars);
  		}
  		if (nvars == 0)
  			fprintf(stdout, "\t\t(No matched variables)\n");
  	}
  	free(vls);
  end:
  	free(buf);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Show available variables on given probe point */
  int show_available_vars(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs,
  			struct strfilter *_filter)
  {
  	int i, ret = 0;
  	struct debuginfo *dinfo;
  
  	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(pevs->uprobes);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	dinfo = open_debuginfo(pevs->target, pevs->nsi, false);
  	if (!dinfo) {
  		ret = -ENOENT;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	setup_pager();
  
  	for (i = 0; i < npevs && ret >= 0; i++)
  		ret = show_available_vars_at(dinfo, &pevs[i], _filter);
  
  	debuginfo__delete(dinfo);
  out:
  	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
  	return ret;
  }
  
  #else	/* !HAVE_DWARF_SUPPORT */
  
  static void debuginfo_cache__exit(void)
  {
  }
  
  static int
  find_perf_probe_point_from_dwarf(struct probe_trace_point *tp __maybe_unused,
  				 struct perf_probe_point *pp __maybe_unused,
  				 bool is_kprobe __maybe_unused)
  {
  	return -ENOSYS;
  }
  
  static int try_to_find_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				struct probe_trace_event **tevs __maybe_unused)
  {
  	if (perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(pev)) {
  		pr_warning("Debuginfo-analysis is not supported.\n");
  		return -ENOSYS;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int show_line_range(struct line_range *lr __maybe_unused,
  		    const char *module __maybe_unused,
  		    struct nsinfo *nsi __maybe_unused,
  		    bool user __maybe_unused)
  {
  	pr_warning("Debuginfo-analysis is not supported.\n");
  	return -ENOSYS;
  }
  
  int show_available_vars(struct perf_probe_event *pevs __maybe_unused,
  			int npevs __maybe_unused,
  			struct strfilter *filter __maybe_unused)
  {
  	pr_warning("Debuginfo-analysis is not supported.\n");
  	return -ENOSYS;
  }
  #endif
  
  void line_range__clear(struct line_range *lr)
  {
  	free(lr->function);
  	free(lr->file);
  	free(lr->path);
  	free(lr->comp_dir);
  	intlist__delete(lr->line_list);
  	memset(lr, 0, sizeof(*lr));
  }
  
  int line_range__init(struct line_range *lr)
  {
  	memset(lr, 0, sizeof(*lr));
  	lr->line_list = intlist__new(NULL);
  	if (!lr->line_list)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	else
  		return 0;
  }
  
  static int parse_line_num(char **ptr, int *val, const char *what)
  {
  	const char *start = *ptr;
  
  	errno = 0;
  	*val = strtol(*ptr, ptr, 0);
  	if (errno || *ptr == start) {
  		semantic_error("'%s' is not a valid number.\n", what);
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* Check the name is good for event, group or function */
  static bool is_c_func_name(const char *name)
  {
  	if (!isalpha(*name) && *name != '_')
  		return false;
  	while (*++name != '\0') {
  		if (!isalpha(*name) && !isdigit(*name) && *name != '_')
  			return false;
  	}
  	return true;
  }
  
  /*
   * Stuff 'lr' according to the line range described by 'arg'.
   * The line range syntax is described by:
   *
   *         SRC[:SLN[+NUM|-ELN]]
   *         FNC[@SRC][:SLN[+NUM|-ELN]]
   */
  int parse_line_range_desc(const char *arg, struct line_range *lr)
  {
  	char *range, *file, *name = strdup(arg);
  	int err;
  
  	if (!name)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	lr->start = 0;
  	lr->end = INT_MAX;
  
  	range = strchr(name, ':');
  	if (range) {
  		*range++ = '\0';
  
  		err = parse_line_num(&range, &lr->start, "start line");
  		if (err)
  			goto err;
  
  		if (*range == '+' || *range == '-') {
  			const char c = *range++;
  
  			err = parse_line_num(&range, &lr->end, "end line");
  			if (err)
  				goto err;
  
  			if (c == '+') {
  				lr->end += lr->start;
  				/*
  				 * Adjust the number of lines here.
  				 * If the number of lines == 1, the
  				 * the end of line should be equal to
  				 * the start of line.
  				 */
  				lr->end--;
  			}
  		}
  
  		pr_debug("Line range is %d to %d\n", lr->start, lr->end);
  
  		err = -EINVAL;
  		if (lr->start > lr->end) {
  			semantic_error("Start line must be smaller"
  				       " than end line.\n");
  			goto err;
  		}
  		if (*range != '\0') {
  			semantic_error("Tailing with invalid str '%s'.\n", range);
  			goto err;
  		}
  	}
  
  	file = strchr(name, '@');
  	if (file) {
  		*file = '\0';
  		lr->file = strdup(++file);
  		if (lr->file == NULL) {
  			err = -ENOMEM;
  			goto err;
  		}
  		lr->function = name;
  	} else if (strchr(name, '/') || strchr(name, '.'))
  		lr->file = name;
  	else if (is_c_func_name(name))/* We reuse it for checking funcname */
  		lr->function = name;
  	else {	/* Invalid name */
  		semantic_error("'%s' is not a valid function name.\n", name);
  		err = -EINVAL;
  		goto err;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  err:
  	free(name);
  	return err;
  }
  
  static int parse_perf_probe_event_name(char **arg, struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	char *ptr;
  
  	ptr = strchr(*arg, ':');
  	if (ptr) {
  		*ptr = '\0';
  		if (!pev->sdt && !is_c_func_name(*arg))
  			goto ng_name;
  		pev->group = strdup(*arg);
  		if (!pev->group)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  		*arg = ptr + 1;
  	} else
  		pev->group = NULL;
  	if (!pev->sdt && !is_c_func_name(*arg)) {
  ng_name:
  		semantic_error("%s is bad for event name -it must "
  			       "follow C symbol-naming rule.\n", *arg);
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  	pev->event = strdup(*arg);
  	if (pev->event == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* Parse probepoint definition. */
  static int parse_perf_probe_point(char *arg, struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	struct perf_probe_point *pp = &pev->point;
  	char *ptr, *tmp;
  	char c, nc = 0;
  	bool file_spec = false;
  	int ret;
  
  	/*
  	 * <Syntax>
  	 * perf probe [GRP:][EVENT=]SRC[:LN|;PTN]
  	 * perf probe [GRP:][EVENT=]FUNC[@SRC][+OFFS|%return|:LN|;PAT]
  	 * perf probe %[GRP:]SDT_EVENT
  	 */
  	if (!arg)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	if (is_sdt_event(arg)) {
  		pev->sdt = true;
  		if (arg[0] == '%')
  			arg++;
  	}
  
  	ptr = strpbrk(arg, ";=@+%");
  	if (pev->sdt) {
  		if (ptr) {
  			if (*ptr != '@') {
  				semantic_error("%s must be an SDT name.\n",
  					       arg);
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  			/* This must be a target file name or build id */
  			tmp = build_id_cache__complement(ptr + 1);
  			if (tmp) {
  				pev->target = build_id_cache__origname(tmp);
  				free(tmp);
  			} else
  				pev->target = strdup(ptr + 1);
  			if (!pev->target)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  			*ptr = '\0';
  		}
  		ret = parse_perf_probe_event_name(&arg, pev);
  		if (ret == 0) {
  			if (asprintf(&pev->point.function, "%%%s", pev->event) < 0)
  				ret = -errno;
  		}
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	if (ptr && *ptr == '=') {	/* Event name */
  		*ptr = '\0';
  		tmp = ptr + 1;
  		ret = parse_perf_probe_event_name(&arg, pev);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			return ret;
  
  		arg = tmp;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Check arg is function or file name and copy it.
  	 *
  	 * We consider arg to be a file spec if and only if it satisfies
  	 * all of the below criteria::
  	 * - it does not include any of "+@%",
  	 * - it includes one of ":;", and
  	 * - it has a period '.' in the name.
  	 *
  	 * Otherwise, we consider arg to be a function specification.
  	 */
  	if (!strpbrk(arg, "+@%") && (ptr = strpbrk(arg, ";:")) != NULL) {
  		/* This is a file spec if it includes a '.' before ; or : */
  		if (memchr(arg, '.', ptr - arg))
  			file_spec = true;
  	}
  
  	ptr = strpbrk(arg, ";:+@%");
  	if (ptr) {
  		nc = *ptr;
  		*ptr++ = '\0';
  	}
  
  	if (arg[0] == '\0')
  		tmp = NULL;
  	else {
  		tmp = strdup(arg);
  		if (tmp == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  
  	if (file_spec)
  		pp->file = tmp;
  	else {
  		pp->function = tmp;
  
  		/*
  		 * Keep pp->function even if this is absolute address,
  		 * so it can mark whether abs_address is valid.
  		 * Which make 'perf probe lib.bin 0x0' possible.
  		 *
  		 * Note that checking length of tmp is not needed
  		 * because when we access tmp[1] we know tmp[0] is '0',
  		 * so tmp[1] should always valid (but could be '\0').
  		 */
  		if (tmp && !strncmp(tmp, "0x", 2)) {
  			pp->abs_address = strtoul(pp->function, &tmp, 0);
  			if (*tmp != '\0') {
  				semantic_error("Invalid absolute address.\n");
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Parse other options */
  	while (ptr) {
  		arg = ptr;
  		c = nc;
  		if (c == ';') {	/* Lazy pattern must be the last part */
  			pp->lazy_line = strdup(arg);
  			if (pp->lazy_line == NULL)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  			break;
  		}
  		ptr = strpbrk(arg, ";:+@%");
  		if (ptr) {
  			nc = *ptr;
  			*ptr++ = '\0';
  		}
  		switch (c) {
  		case ':':	/* Line number */
  			pp->line = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
  			if (*tmp != '\0') {
  				semantic_error("There is non-digit char"
  					       " in line number.\n");
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  			break;
  		case '+':	/* Byte offset from a symbol */
  			pp->offset = strtoul(arg, &tmp, 0);
  			if (*tmp != '\0') {
  				semantic_error("There is non-digit character"
  						" in offset.\n");
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  			break;
  		case '@':	/* File name */
  			if (pp->file) {
  				semantic_error("SRC@SRC is not allowed.\n");
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  			pp->file = strdup(arg);
  			if (pp->file == NULL)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  			break;
  		case '%':	/* Probe places */
  			if (strcmp(arg, "return") == 0) {
  				pp->retprobe = 1;
  			} else {	/* Others not supported yet */
  				semantic_error("%%%s is not supported.\n", arg);
  				return -ENOTSUP;
  			}
  			break;
  		default:	/* Buggy case */
  			pr_err("This program has a bug at %s:%d.\n",
  				__FILE__, __LINE__);
  			return -ENOTSUP;
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Exclusion check */
  	if (pp->lazy_line && pp->line) {
  		semantic_error("Lazy pattern can't be used with"
  			       " line number.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	if (pp->lazy_line && pp->offset) {
  		semantic_error("Lazy pattern can't be used with offset.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	if (pp->line && pp->offset) {
  		semantic_error("Offset can't be used with line number.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	if (!pp->line && !pp->lazy_line && pp->file && !pp->function) {
  		semantic_error("File always requires line number or "
  			       "lazy pattern.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	if (pp->offset && !pp->function) {
  		semantic_error("Offset requires an entry function.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	if ((pp->offset || pp->line || pp->lazy_line) && pp->retprobe) {
  		semantic_error("Offset/Line/Lazy pattern can't be used with "
  			       "return probe.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	pr_debug("symbol:%s file:%s line:%d offset:%lu return:%d lazy:%s\n",
  		 pp->function, pp->file, pp->line, pp->offset, pp->retprobe,
  		 pp->lazy_line);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* Parse perf-probe event argument */
  static int parse_perf_probe_arg(char *str, struct perf_probe_arg *arg)
  {
  	char *tmp, *goodname;
  	struct perf_probe_arg_field **fieldp;
  
  	pr_debug("parsing arg: %s into ", str);
  
  	tmp = strchr(str, '=');
  	if (tmp) {
  		arg->name = strndup(str, tmp - str);
  		if (arg->name == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  		pr_debug("name:%s ", arg->name);
  		str = tmp + 1;
  	}
  
  	tmp = strchr(str, ':');
  	if (tmp) {	/* Type setting */
  		*tmp = '\0';
  		arg->type = strdup(tmp + 1);
  		if (arg->type == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  		pr_debug("type:%s ", arg->type);
  	}
  
  	tmp = strpbrk(str, "-.[");
  	if (!is_c_varname(str) || !tmp) {
  		/* A variable, register, symbol or special value */
  		arg->var = strdup(str);
  		if (arg->var == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  		pr_debug("%s\n", arg->var);
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	/* Structure fields or array element */
  	arg->var = strndup(str, tmp - str);
  	if (arg->var == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	goodname = arg->var;
  	pr_debug("%s, ", arg->var);
  	fieldp = &arg->field;
  
  	do {
  		*fieldp = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg_field));
  		if (*fieldp == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  		if (*tmp == '[') {	/* Array */
  			str = tmp;
  			(*fieldp)->index = strtol(str + 1, &tmp, 0);
  			(*fieldp)->ref = true;
  			if (*tmp != ']' || tmp == str + 1) {
  				semantic_error("Array index must be a"
  						" number.\n");
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  			tmp++;
  			if (*tmp == '\0')
  				tmp = NULL;
  		} else {		/* Structure */
  			if (*tmp == '.') {
  				str = tmp + 1;
  				(*fieldp)->ref = false;
  			} else if (tmp[1] == '>') {
  				str = tmp + 2;
  				(*fieldp)->ref = true;
  			} else {
  				semantic_error("Argument parse error: %s\n",
  					       str);
  				return -EINVAL;
  			}
  			tmp = strpbrk(str, "-.[");
  		}
  		if (tmp) {
  			(*fieldp)->name = strndup(str, tmp - str);
  			if ((*fieldp)->name == NULL)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  			if (*str != '[')
  				goodname = (*fieldp)->name;
  			pr_debug("%s(%d), ", (*fieldp)->name, (*fieldp)->ref);
  			fieldp = &(*fieldp)->next;
  		}
  	} while (tmp);
  	(*fieldp)->name = strdup(str);
  	if ((*fieldp)->name == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	if (*str != '[')
  		goodname = (*fieldp)->name;
  	pr_debug("%s(%d)\n", (*fieldp)->name, (*fieldp)->ref);
  
  	/* If no name is specified, set the last field name (not array index)*/
  	if (!arg->name) {
  		arg->name = strdup(goodname);
  		if (arg->name == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* Parse perf-probe event command */
  int parse_perf_probe_command(const char *cmd, struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	char **argv;
  	int argc, i, ret = 0;
  
  	argv = argv_split(cmd, &argc);
  	if (!argv) {
  		pr_debug("Failed to split arguments.\n");
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	if (argc - 1 > MAX_PROBE_ARGS) {
  		semantic_error("Too many probe arguments (%d).\n", argc - 1);
  		ret = -ERANGE;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	/* Parse probe point */
  	ret = parse_perf_probe_point(argv[0], pev);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	/* Copy arguments and ensure return probe has no C argument */
  	pev->nargs = argc - 1;
  	pev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg) * pev->nargs);
  	if (pev->args == NULL) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs && ret >= 0; i++) {
  		ret = parse_perf_probe_arg(argv[i + 1], &pev->args[i]);
  		if (ret >= 0 &&
  		    is_c_varname(pev->args[i].var) && pev->point.retprobe) {
  			semantic_error("You can't specify local variable for"
  				       " kretprobe.\n");
  			ret = -EINVAL;
  		}
  	}
  out:
  	argv_free(argv);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Returns true if *any* ARG is either C variable, $params or $vars. */
  bool perf_probe_with_var(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	int i = 0;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs; i++)
  		if (is_c_varname(pev->args[i].var)              ||
  		    !strcmp(pev->args[i].var, PROBE_ARG_PARAMS) ||
  		    !strcmp(pev->args[i].var, PROBE_ARG_VARS))
  			return true;
  	return false;
  }
  
  /* Return true if this perf_probe_event requires debuginfo */
  bool perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	if (pev->point.file || pev->point.line || pev->point.lazy_line)
  		return true;
  
  	if (perf_probe_with_var(pev))
  		return true;
  
  	return false;
  }
  
  /* Parse probe_events event into struct probe_point */
  int parse_probe_trace_command(const char *cmd, struct probe_trace_event *tev)
  {
  	struct probe_trace_point *tp = &tev->point;
  	char pr;
  	char *p;
  	char *argv0_str = NULL, *fmt, *fmt1_str, *fmt2_str, *fmt3_str;
  	int ret, i, argc;
  	char **argv;
  
  	pr_debug("Parsing probe_events: %s\n", cmd);
  	argv = argv_split(cmd, &argc);
  	if (!argv) {
  		pr_debug("Failed to split arguments.\n");
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	if (argc < 2) {
  		semantic_error("Too few probe arguments.\n");
  		ret = -ERANGE;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	/* Scan event and group name. */
  	argv0_str = strdup(argv[0]);
  	if (argv0_str == NULL) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	fmt1_str = strtok_r(argv0_str, ":", &fmt);
  	fmt2_str = strtok_r(NULL, "/", &fmt);
  	fmt3_str = strtok_r(NULL, " \t", &fmt);
  	if (fmt1_str == NULL || strlen(fmt1_str) != 1 || fmt2_str == NULL
  	    || fmt3_str == NULL) {
  		semantic_error("Failed to parse event name: %s\n", argv[0]);
  		ret = -EINVAL;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	pr = fmt1_str[0];
  	tev->group = strdup(fmt2_str);
  	tev->event = strdup(fmt3_str);
  	if (tev->group == NULL || tev->event == NULL) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	pr_debug("Group:%s Event:%s probe:%c\n", tev->group, tev->event, pr);
  
  	tp->retprobe = (pr == 'r');
  
  	/* Scan module name(if there), function name and offset */
  	p = strchr(argv[1], ':');
  	if (p) {
  		tp->module = strndup(argv[1], p - argv[1]);
  		if (!tp->module) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			goto out;
  		}
  		tev->uprobes = (tp->module[0] == '/');
  		p++;
  	} else
  		p = argv[1];
  	fmt1_str = strtok_r(p, "+", &fmt);
  	/* only the address started with 0x */
  	if (fmt1_str[0] == '0')	{
  		/*
  		 * Fix a special case:
  		 * if address == 0, kernel reports something like:
  		 * p:probe_libc/abs_0 /lib/libc-2.18.so:0x          (null) arg1=%ax
  		 * Newer kernel may fix that, but we want to
  		 * support old kernel also.
  		 */
  		if (strcmp(fmt1_str, "0x") == 0) {
  			if (!argv[2] || strcmp(argv[2], "(null)")) {
  				ret = -EINVAL;
  				goto out;
  			}
  			tp->address = 0;
  
  			free(argv[2]);
  			for (i = 2; argv[i + 1] != NULL; i++)
  				argv[i] = argv[i + 1];
  
  			argv[i] = NULL;
  			argc -= 1;
  		} else
  			tp->address = strtoul(fmt1_str, NULL, 0);
  	} else {
  		/* Only the symbol-based probe has offset */
  		tp->symbol = strdup(fmt1_str);
  		if (tp->symbol == NULL) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			goto out;
  		}
  		fmt2_str = strtok_r(NULL, "", &fmt);
  		if (fmt2_str == NULL)
  			tp->offset = 0;
  		else
  			tp->offset = strtoul(fmt2_str, NULL, 10);
  	}
  
  	tev->nargs = argc - 2;
  	tev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct probe_trace_arg) * tev->nargs);
  	if (tev->args == NULL) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++) {
  		p = strchr(argv[i + 2], '=');
  		if (p)	/* We don't need which register is assigned. */
  			*p++ = '\0';
  		else
  			p = argv[i + 2];
  		tev->args[i].name = strdup(argv[i + 2]);
  		/* TODO: parse regs and offset */
  		tev->args[i].value = strdup(p);
  		if (tev->args[i].name == NULL || tev->args[i].value == NULL) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			goto out;
  		}
  	}
  	ret = 0;
  out:
  	free(argv0_str);
  	argv_free(argv);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Compose only probe arg */
  char *synthesize_perf_probe_arg(struct perf_probe_arg *pa)
  {
  	struct perf_probe_arg_field *field = pa->field;
  	struct strbuf buf;
  	char *ret = NULL;
  	int err;
  
  	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 64) < 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	if (pa->name && pa->var)
  		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s=%s", pa->name, pa->var);
  	else
  		err = strbuf_addstr(&buf, pa->name ?: pa->var);
  	if (err)
  		goto out;
  
  	while (field) {
  		if (field->name[0] == '[')
  			err = strbuf_addstr(&buf, field->name);
  		else
  			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", field->ref ? "->" : ".",
  					  field->name);
  		field = field->next;
  		if (err)
  			goto out;
  	}
  
  	if (pa->type)
  		if (strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%s", pa->type) < 0)
  			goto out;
  
  	ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
  out:
  	strbuf_release(&buf);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Compose only probe point (not argument) */
  char *synthesize_perf_probe_point(struct perf_probe_point *pp)
  {
  	struct strbuf buf;
  	char *tmp, *ret = NULL;
  	int len, err = 0;
  
  	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 64) < 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	if (pp->function) {
  		if (strbuf_addstr(&buf, pp->function) < 0)
  			goto out;
  		if (pp->offset)
  			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "+%lu", pp->offset);
  		else if (pp->line)
  			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%d", pp->line);
  		else if (pp->retprobe)
  			err = strbuf_addstr(&buf, "%return");
  		if (err)
  			goto out;
  	}
  	if (pp->file) {
  		tmp = pp->file;
  		len = strlen(tmp);
  		if (len > 30) {
  			tmp = strchr(pp->file + len - 30, '/');
  			tmp = tmp ? tmp + 1 : pp->file + len - 30;
  		}
  		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "@%s", tmp);
  		if (!err && !pp->function && pp->line)
  			err = strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%d", pp->line);
  	}
  	if (!err)
  		ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
  out:
  	strbuf_release(&buf);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  char *synthesize_perf_probe_command(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	struct strbuf buf;
  	char *tmp, *ret = NULL;
  	int i;
  
  	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 64))
  		return NULL;
  	if (pev->event)
  		if (strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%s=", pev->group ?: PERFPROBE_GROUP,
  				pev->event) < 0)
  			goto out;
  
  	tmp = synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
  	if (!tmp || strbuf_addstr(&buf, tmp) < 0)
  		goto out;
  	free(tmp);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs; i++) {
  		tmp = synthesize_perf_probe_arg(pev->args + i);
  		if (!tmp || strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", tmp) < 0)
  			goto out;
  		free(tmp);
  	}
  
  	ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
  out:
  	strbuf_release(&buf);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int __synthesize_probe_trace_arg_ref(struct probe_trace_arg_ref *ref,
  					    struct strbuf *buf, int depth)
  {
  	int err;
  	if (ref->next) {
  		depth = __synthesize_probe_trace_arg_ref(ref->next, buf,
  							 depth + 1);
  		if (depth < 0)
  			return depth;
  	}
  	err = strbuf_addf(buf, "%+ld(", ref->offset);
  	return (err < 0) ? err : depth;
  }
  
  static int synthesize_probe_trace_arg(struct probe_trace_arg *arg,
  				      struct strbuf *buf)
  {
  	struct probe_trace_arg_ref *ref = arg->ref;
  	int depth = 0, err;
  
  	/* Argument name or separator */
  	if (arg->name)
  		err = strbuf_addf(buf, " %s=", arg->name);
  	else
  		err = strbuf_addch(buf, ' ');
  	if (err)
  		return err;
  
  	/* Special case: @XXX */
  	if (arg->value[0] == '@' && arg->ref)
  			ref = ref->next;
  
  	/* Dereferencing arguments */
  	if (ref) {
  		depth = __synthesize_probe_trace_arg_ref(ref, buf, 1);
  		if (depth < 0)
  			return depth;
  	}
  
  	/* Print argument value */
  	if (arg->value[0] == '@' && arg->ref)
  		err = strbuf_addf(buf, "%s%+ld", arg->value, arg->ref->offset);
  	else
  		err = strbuf_addstr(buf, arg->value);
  
  	/* Closing */
  	while (!err && depth--)
  		err = strbuf_addch(buf, ')');
  
  	/* Print argument type */
  	if (!err && arg->type)
  		err = strbuf_addf(buf, ":%s", arg->type);
  
  	return err;
  }
  
  char *synthesize_probe_trace_command(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
  {
  	struct probe_trace_point *tp = &tev->point;
  	struct strbuf buf;
  	char *ret = NULL;
  	int i, err;
  
  	/* Uprobes must have tp->module */
  	if (tev->uprobes && !tp->module)
  		return NULL;
  
  	if (strbuf_init(&buf, 32) < 0)
  		return NULL;
  
  	if (strbuf_addf(&buf, "%c:%s/%s ", tp->retprobe ? 'r' : 'p',
  			tev->group, tev->event) < 0)
  		goto error;
  	/*
  	 * If tp->address == 0, then this point must be a
  	 * absolute address uprobe.
  	 * try_to_find_absolute_address() should have made
  	 * tp->symbol to "0x0".
  	 */
  	if (tev->uprobes && !tp->address) {
  		if (!tp->symbol || strcmp(tp->symbol, "0x0"))
  			goto error;
  	}
  
  	/* Use the tp->address for uprobes */
  	if (tev->uprobes)
  		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:0x%lx", tp->module, tp->address);
  	else if (!strncmp(tp->symbol, "0x", 2))
  		/* Absolute address. See try_to_find_absolute_address() */
  		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s0x%lx", tp->module ?: "",
  				  tp->module ? ":" : "", tp->address);
  	else
  		err = strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s%s+%lu", tp->module ?: "",
  				tp->module ? ":" : "", tp->symbol, tp->offset);
  	if (err)
  		goto error;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++)
  		if (synthesize_probe_trace_arg(&tev->args[i], &buf) < 0)
  			goto error;
  
  	ret = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
  error:
  	strbuf_release(&buf);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int find_perf_probe_point_from_map(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
  					  struct perf_probe_point *pp,
  					  bool is_kprobe)
  {
  	struct symbol *sym = NULL;
  	struct map *map = NULL;
  	u64 addr = tp->address;
  	int ret = -ENOENT;
  
  	if (!is_kprobe) {
  		map = dso__new_map(tp->module);
  		if (!map)
  			goto out;
  		sym = map__find_symbol(map, addr);
  	} else {
  		if (tp->symbol && !addr) {
  			if (kernel_get_symbol_address_by_name(tp->symbol,
  						&addr, true, false) < 0)
  				goto out;
  		}
  		if (addr) {
  			addr += tp->offset;
  			sym = __find_kernel_function(addr, &map);
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (!sym)
  		goto out;
  
  	pp->retprobe = tp->retprobe;
  	pp->offset = addr - map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start);
  	pp->function = strdup(sym->name);
  	ret = pp->function ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
  
  out:
  	if (map && !is_kprobe) {
  		map__put(map);
  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int convert_to_perf_probe_point(struct probe_trace_point *tp,
  				       struct perf_probe_point *pp,
  				       bool is_kprobe)
  {
  	char buf[128];
  	int ret;
  
  	ret = find_perf_probe_point_from_dwarf(tp, pp, is_kprobe);
  	if (!ret)
  		return 0;
  	ret = find_perf_probe_point_from_map(tp, pp, is_kprobe);
  	if (!ret)
  		return 0;
  
  	pr_debug("Failed to find probe point from both of dwarf and map.\n");
  
  	if (tp->symbol) {
  		pp->function = strdup(tp->symbol);
  		pp->offset = tp->offset;
  	} else {
  		ret = e_snprintf(buf, 128, "0x%" PRIx64, (u64)tp->address);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			return ret;
  		pp->function = strdup(buf);
  		pp->offset = 0;
  	}
  	if (pp->function == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	pp->retprobe = tp->retprobe;
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int convert_to_perf_probe_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev,
  			       struct perf_probe_event *pev, bool is_kprobe)
  {
  	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
  	int i, ret;
  
  	/* Convert event/group name */
  	pev->event = strdup(tev->event);
  	pev->group = strdup(tev->group);
  	if (pev->event == NULL || pev->group == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	/* Convert trace_point to probe_point */
  	ret = convert_to_perf_probe_point(&tev->point, &pev->point, is_kprobe);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	/* Convert trace_arg to probe_arg */
  	pev->nargs = tev->nargs;
  	pev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg) * pev->nargs);
  	if (pev->args == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs && ret >= 0; i++) {
  		if (tev->args[i].name)
  			pev->args[i].name = strdup(tev->args[i].name);
  		else {
  			if ((ret = strbuf_init(&buf, 32)) < 0)
  				goto error;
  			ret = synthesize_probe_trace_arg(&tev->args[i], &buf);
  			pev->args[i].name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
  		}
  		if (pev->args[i].name == NULL && ret >= 0)
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  	}
  error:
  	if (ret < 0)
  		clear_perf_probe_event(pev);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  void clear_perf_probe_event(struct perf_probe_event *pev)
  {
  	struct perf_probe_arg_field *field, *next;
  	int i;
  
  	free(pev->event);
  	free(pev->group);
  	free(pev->target);
  	clear_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
  
  	for (i = 0; i < pev->nargs; i++) {
  		free(pev->args[i].name);
  		free(pev->args[i].var);
  		free(pev->args[i].type);
  		field = pev->args[i].field;
  		while (field) {
  			next = field->next;
  			zfree(&field->name);
  			free(field);
  			field = next;
  		}
  	}
  	free(pev->args);
  	memset(pev, 0, sizeof(*pev));
  }
  
  #define strdup_or_goto(str, label)	\
  ({ char *__p = NULL; if (str && !(__p = strdup(str))) goto label; __p; })
  
  static int perf_probe_point__copy(struct perf_probe_point *dst,
  				  struct perf_probe_point *src)
  {
  	dst->file = strdup_or_goto(src->file, out_err);
  	dst->function = strdup_or_goto(src->function, out_err);
  	dst->lazy_line = strdup_or_goto(src->lazy_line, out_err);
  	dst->line = src->line;
  	dst->retprobe = src->retprobe;
  	dst->offset = src->offset;
  	return 0;
  
  out_err:
  	clear_perf_probe_point(dst);
  	return -ENOMEM;
  }
  
  static int perf_probe_arg__copy(struct perf_probe_arg *dst,
  				struct perf_probe_arg *src)
  {
  	struct perf_probe_arg_field *field, **ppfield;
  
  	dst->name = strdup_or_goto(src->name, out_err);
  	dst->var = strdup_or_goto(src->var, out_err);
  	dst->type = strdup_or_goto(src->type, out_err);
  
  	field = src->field;
  	ppfield = &(dst->field);
  	while (field) {
  		*ppfield = zalloc(sizeof(*field));
  		if (!*ppfield)
  			goto out_err;
  		(*ppfield)->name = strdup_or_goto(field->name, out_err);
  		(*ppfield)->index = field->index;
  		(*ppfield)->ref = field->ref;
  		field = field->next;
  		ppfield = &((*ppfield)->next);
  	}
  	return 0;
  out_err:
  	return -ENOMEM;
  }
  
  int perf_probe_event__copy(struct perf_probe_event *dst,
  			   struct perf_probe_event *src)
  {
  	int i;
  
  	dst->event = strdup_or_goto(src->event, out_err);
  	dst->group = strdup_or_goto(src->group, out_err);
  	dst->target = strdup_or_goto(src->target, out_err);
  	dst->uprobes = src->uprobes;
  
  	if (perf_probe_point__copy(&dst->point, &src->point) < 0)
  		goto out_err;
  
  	dst->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_probe_arg) * src->nargs);
  	if (!dst->args)
  		goto out_err;
  	dst->nargs = src->nargs;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < src->nargs; i++)
  		if (perf_probe_arg__copy(&dst->args[i], &src->args[i]) < 0)
  			goto out_err;
  	return 0;
  
  out_err:
  	clear_perf_probe_event(dst);
  	return -ENOMEM;
  }
  
  void clear_probe_trace_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
  {
  	struct probe_trace_arg_ref *ref, *next;
  	int i;
  
  	free(tev->event);
  	free(tev->group);
  	free(tev->point.symbol);
  	free(tev->point.realname);
  	free(tev->point.module);
  	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++) {
  		free(tev->args[i].name);
  		free(tev->args[i].value);
  		free(tev->args[i].type);
  		ref = tev->args[i].ref;
  		while (ref) {
  			next = ref->next;
  			free(ref);
  			ref = next;
  		}
  	}
  	free(tev->args);
  	memset(tev, 0, sizeof(*tev));
  }
  
  struct kprobe_blacklist_node {
  	struct list_head list;
  	unsigned long start;
  	unsigned long end;
  	char *symbol;
  };
  
  static void kprobe_blacklist__delete(struct list_head *blacklist)
  {
  	struct kprobe_blacklist_node *node;
  
  	while (!list_empty(blacklist)) {
  		node = list_first_entry(blacklist,
  					struct kprobe_blacklist_node, list);
  		list_del(&node->list);
  		free(node->symbol);
  		free(node);
  	}
  }
  
  static int kprobe_blacklist__load(struct list_head *blacklist)
  {
  	struct kprobe_blacklist_node *node;
  	const char *__debugfs = debugfs__mountpoint();
  	char buf[PATH_MAX], *p;
  	FILE *fp;
  	int ret;
  
  	if (__debugfs == NULL)
  		return -ENOTSUP;
  
  	ret = e_snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/kprobes/blacklist", __debugfs);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	fp = fopen(buf, "r");
  	if (!fp)
  		return -errno;
  
  	ret = 0;
  	while (fgets(buf, PATH_MAX, fp)) {
  		node = zalloc(sizeof(*node));
  		if (!node) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			break;
  		}
  		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->list);
  		list_add_tail(&node->list, blacklist);
  		if (sscanf(buf, "0x%lx-0x%lx", &node->start, &node->end) != 2) {
  			ret = -EINVAL;
  			break;
  		}
  		p = strchr(buf, '\t');
  		if (p) {
  			p++;
  			if (p[strlen(p) - 1] == '\n')
  				p[strlen(p) - 1] = '\0';
  		} else
  			p = (char *)"unknown";
  		node->symbol = strdup(p);
  		if (!node->symbol) {
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  			break;
  		}
  		pr_debug2("Blacklist: 0x%lx-0x%lx, %s\n",
  			  node->start, node->end, node->symbol);
  		ret++;
  	}
  	if (ret < 0)
  		kprobe_blacklist__delete(blacklist);
  	fclose(fp);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static struct kprobe_blacklist_node *
  kprobe_blacklist__find_by_address(struct list_head *blacklist,
  				  unsigned long address)
  {
  	struct kprobe_blacklist_node *node;
  
  	list_for_each_entry(node, blacklist, list) {
  		if (node->start <= address && address < node->end)
  			return node;
  	}
  
  	return NULL;
  }
  
  static LIST_HEAD(kprobe_blacklist);
  
  static void kprobe_blacklist__init(void)
  {
  	if (!list_empty(&kprobe_blacklist))
  		return;
  
  	if (kprobe_blacklist__load(&kprobe_blacklist) < 0)
  		pr_debug("No kprobe blacklist support, ignored\n");
  }
  
  static void kprobe_blacklist__release(void)
  {
  	kprobe_blacklist__delete(&kprobe_blacklist);
  }
  
  static bool kprobe_blacklist__listed(unsigned long address)
  {
  	return !!kprobe_blacklist__find_by_address(&kprobe_blacklist, address);
  }
  
  static int perf_probe_event__sprintf(const char *group, const char *event,
  				     struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				     const char *module,
  				     struct strbuf *result)
  {
  	int i, ret;
  	char *buf;
  
  	if (asprintf(&buf, "%s:%s", group, event) < 0)
  		return -errno;
  	ret = strbuf_addf(result, "  %-20s (on ", buf);
  	free(buf);
  	if (ret)
  		return ret;
  
  	/* Synthesize only event probe point */
  	buf = synthesize_perf_probe_point(&pev->point);
  	if (!buf)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	ret = strbuf_addstr(result, buf);
  	free(buf);
  
  	if (!ret && module)
  		ret = strbuf_addf(result, " in %s", module);
  
  	if (!ret && pev->nargs > 0) {
  		ret = strbuf_add(result, " with", 5);
  		for (i = 0; !ret && i < pev->nargs; i++) {
  			buf = synthesize_perf_probe_arg(&pev->args[i]);
  			if (!buf)
  				return -ENOMEM;
  			ret = strbuf_addf(result, " %s", buf);
  			free(buf);
  		}
  	}
  	if (!ret)
  		ret = strbuf_addch(result, ')');
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Show an event */
  int show_perf_probe_event(const char *group, const char *event,
  			  struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  			  const char *module, bool use_stdout)
  {
  	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
  	int ret;
  
  	ret = perf_probe_event__sprintf(group, event, pev, module, &buf);
  	if (ret >= 0) {
  		if (use_stdout)
  			printf("%s\n", buf.buf);
  		else
  			pr_info("%s\n", buf.buf);
  	}
  	strbuf_release(&buf);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static bool filter_probe_trace_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev,
  				     struct strfilter *filter)
  {
  	char tmp[128];
  
  	/* At first, check the event name itself */
  	if (strfilter__compare(filter, tev->event))
  		return true;
  
  	/* Next, check the combination of name and group */
  	if (e_snprintf(tmp, 128, "%s:%s", tev->group, tev->event) < 0)
  		return false;
  	return strfilter__compare(filter, tmp);
  }
  
  static int __show_perf_probe_events(int fd, bool is_kprobe,
  				    struct strfilter *filter)
  {
  	int ret = 0;
  	struct probe_trace_event tev;
  	struct perf_probe_event pev;
  	struct strlist *rawlist;
  	struct str_node *ent;
  
  	memset(&tev, 0, sizeof(tev));
  	memset(&pev, 0, sizeof(pev));
  
  	rawlist = probe_file__get_rawlist(fd);
  	if (!rawlist)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	strlist__for_each_entry(ent, rawlist) {
  		ret = parse_probe_trace_command(ent->s, &tev);
  		if (ret >= 0) {
  			if (!filter_probe_trace_event(&tev, filter))
  				goto next;
  			ret = convert_to_perf_probe_event(&tev, &pev,
  								is_kprobe);
  			if (ret < 0)
  				goto next;
  			ret = show_perf_probe_event(pev.group, pev.event,
  						    &pev, tev.point.module,
  						    true);
  		}
  next:
  		clear_perf_probe_event(&pev);
  		clear_probe_trace_event(&tev);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  	}
  	strlist__delete(rawlist);
  	/* Cleanup cached debuginfo if needed */
  	debuginfo_cache__exit();
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* List up current perf-probe events */
  int show_perf_probe_events(struct strfilter *filter)
  {
  	int kp_fd, up_fd, ret;
  
  	setup_pager();
  
  	if (probe_conf.cache)
  		return probe_cache__show_all_caches(filter);
  
  	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(false);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	ret = probe_file__open_both(&kp_fd, &up_fd, 0);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	if (kp_fd >= 0)
  		ret = __show_perf_probe_events(kp_fd, true, filter);
  	if (up_fd >= 0 && ret >= 0)
  		ret = __show_perf_probe_events(up_fd, false, filter);
  	if (kp_fd > 0)
  		close(kp_fd);
  	if (up_fd > 0)
  		close(up_fd);
  	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int get_new_event_name(char *buf, size_t len, const char *base,
  			      struct strlist *namelist, bool allow_suffix)
  {
  	int i, ret;
  	char *p, *nbase;
  
  	if (*base == '.')
  		base++;
  	nbase = strdup(base);
  	if (!nbase)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	/* Cut off the dot suffixes (e.g. .const, .isra)*/
  	p = strchr(nbase, '.');
  	if (p && p != nbase)
  		*p = '\0';
  
  	/* Try no suffix number */
  	ret = e_snprintf(buf, len, "%s", nbase);
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		pr_debug("snprintf() failed: %d\n", ret);
  		goto out;
  	}
  	if (!strlist__has_entry(namelist, buf))
  		goto out;
  
  	if (!allow_suffix) {
  		pr_warning("Error: event \"%s\" already exists.\n"
  			   " Hint: Remove existing event by 'perf probe -d'\n"
  			   "       or force duplicates by 'perf probe -f'\n"
  			   "       or set 'force=yes' in BPF source.\n",
  			   buf);
  		ret = -EEXIST;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	/* Try to add suffix */
  	for (i = 1; i < MAX_EVENT_INDEX; i++) {
  		ret = e_snprintf(buf, len, "%s_%d", nbase, i);
  		if (ret < 0) {
  			pr_debug("snprintf() failed: %d\n", ret);
  			goto out;
  		}
  		if (!strlist__has_entry(namelist, buf))
  			break;
  	}
  	if (i == MAX_EVENT_INDEX) {
  		pr_warning("Too many events are on the same function.\n");
  		ret = -ERANGE;
  	}
  
  out:
  	free(nbase);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Warn if the current kernel's uprobe implementation is old */
  static void warn_uprobe_event_compat(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
  {
  	int i;
  	char *buf = synthesize_probe_trace_command(tev);
  
  	/* Old uprobe event doesn't support memory dereference */
  	if (!tev->uprobes || tev->nargs == 0 || !buf)
  		goto out;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++)
  		if (strglobmatch(tev->args[i].value, "[$@+-]*")) {
  			pr_warning("Please upgrade your kernel to at least "
  				   "3.14 to have access to feature %s\n",
  				   tev->args[i].value);
  			break;
  		}
  out:
  	free(buf);
  }
  
  /* Set new name from original perf_probe_event and namelist */
  static int probe_trace_event__set_name(struct probe_trace_event *tev,
  				       struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				       struct strlist *namelist,
  				       bool allow_suffix)
  {
  	const char *event, *group;
  	char buf[64];
  	int ret;
  
  	/* If probe_event or trace_event already have the name, reuse it */
  	if (pev->event && !pev->sdt)
  		event = pev->event;
  	else if (tev->event)
  		event = tev->event;
  	else {
  		/* Or generate new one from probe point */
  		if (pev->point.function &&
  			(strncmp(pev->point.function, "0x", 2) != 0) &&
  			!strisglob(pev->point.function))
  			event = pev->point.function;
  		else
  			event = tev->point.realname;
  	}
  	if (pev->group && !pev->sdt)
  		group = pev->group;
  	else if (tev->group)
  		group = tev->group;
  	else
  		group = PERFPROBE_GROUP;
  
  	/* Get an unused new event name */
  	ret = get_new_event_name(buf, 64, event,
  				 namelist, allow_suffix);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	event = buf;
  
  	tev->event = strdup(event);
  	tev->group = strdup(group);
  	if (tev->event == NULL || tev->group == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	/* Add added event name to namelist */
  	strlist__add(namelist, event);
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int __open_probe_file_and_namelist(bool uprobe,
  					  struct strlist **namelist)
  {
  	int fd;
  
  	fd = probe_file__open(PF_FL_RW | (uprobe ? PF_FL_UPROBE : 0));
  	if (fd < 0)
  		return fd;
  
  	/* Get current event names */
  	*namelist = probe_file__get_namelist(fd);
  	if (!(*namelist)) {
  		pr_debug("Failed to get current event list.\n");
  		close(fd);
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	return fd;
  }
  
  static int __add_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				     struct probe_trace_event *tevs,
  				     int ntevs, bool allow_suffix)
  {
  	int i, fd[2] = {-1, -1}, up, ret;
  	struct probe_trace_event *tev = NULL;
  	struct probe_cache *cache = NULL;
  	struct strlist *namelist[2] = {NULL, NULL};
  	struct nscookie nsc;
  
  	up = pev->uprobes ? 1 : 0;
  	fd[up] = __open_probe_file_and_namelist(up, &namelist[up]);
  	if (fd[up] < 0)
  		return fd[up];
  
  	ret = 0;
  	for (i = 0; i < ntevs; i++) {
  		tev = &tevs[i];
  		up = tev->uprobes ? 1 : 0;
  		if (fd[up] == -1) {	/* Open the kprobe/uprobe_events */
  			fd[up] = __open_probe_file_and_namelist(up,
  								&namelist[up]);
  			if (fd[up] < 0)
  				goto close_out;
  		}
  		/* Skip if the symbol is out of .text or blacklisted */
  		if (!tev->point.symbol && !pev->uprobes)
  			continue;
  
  		/* Set new name for tev (and update namelist) */
  		ret = probe_trace_event__set_name(tev, pev, namelist[up],
  						  allow_suffix);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  
  		nsinfo__mountns_enter(pev->nsi, &nsc);
  		ret = probe_file__add_event(fd[up], tev);
  		nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  
  		/*
  		 * Probes after the first probe which comes from same
  		 * user input are always allowed to add suffix, because
  		 * there might be several addresses corresponding to
  		 * one code line.
  		 */
  		allow_suffix = true;
  	}
  	if (ret == -EINVAL && pev->uprobes)
  		warn_uprobe_event_compat(tev);
  	if (ret == 0 && probe_conf.cache) {
  		cache = probe_cache__new(pev->target, pev->nsi);
  		if (!cache ||
  		    probe_cache__add_entry(cache, pev, tevs, ntevs) < 0 ||
  		    probe_cache__commit(cache) < 0)
  			pr_warning("Failed to add event to probe cache\n");
  		probe_cache__delete(cache);
  	}
  
  close_out:
  	for (up = 0; up < 2; up++) {
  		strlist__delete(namelist[up]);
  		if (fd[up] >= 0)
  			close(fd[up]);
  	}
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int find_probe_functions(struct map *map, char *name,
  				struct symbol **syms)
  {
  	int found = 0;
  	struct symbol *sym;
  	struct rb_node *tmp;
  
  	if (map__load(map) < 0)
  		return 0;
  
  	map__for_each_symbol(map, sym, tmp) {
  		if (strglobmatch(sym->name, name)) {
  			found++;
  			if (syms && found < probe_conf.max_probes)
  				syms[found - 1] = sym;
  		}
  	}
  
  	return found;
  }
  
  void __weak arch__fix_tev_from_maps(struct perf_probe_event *pev __maybe_unused,
  				struct probe_trace_event *tev __maybe_unused,
  				struct map *map __maybe_unused,
  				struct symbol *sym __maybe_unused) { }
  
  /*
   * Find probe function addresses from map.
   * Return an error or the number of found probe_trace_event
   */
  static int find_probe_trace_events_from_map(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  					    struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
  {
  	struct map *map = NULL;
  	struct ref_reloc_sym *reloc_sym = NULL;
  	struct symbol *sym;
  	struct symbol **syms = NULL;
  	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
  	struct perf_probe_point *pp = &pev->point;
  	struct probe_trace_point *tp;
  	int num_matched_functions;
  	int ret, i, j, skipped = 0;
  	char *mod_name;
  
  	map = get_target_map(pev->target, pev->nsi, pev->uprobes);
  	if (!map) {
  		ret = -EINVAL;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	syms = malloc(sizeof(struct symbol *) * probe_conf.max_probes);
  	if (!syms) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Load matched symbols: Since the different local symbols may have
  	 * same name but different addresses, this lists all the symbols.
  	 */
  	num_matched_functions = find_probe_functions(map, pp->function, syms);
  	if (num_matched_functions == 0) {
  		pr_err("Failed to find symbol %s in %s\n", pp->function,
  			pev->target ? : "kernel");
  		ret = -ENOENT;
  		goto out;
  	} else if (num_matched_functions > probe_conf.max_probes) {
  		pr_err("Too many functions matched in %s\n",
  			pev->target ? : "kernel");
  		ret = -E2BIG;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	/* Note that the symbols in the kmodule are not relocated */
  	if (!pev->uprobes && !pev->target &&
  			(!pp->retprobe || kretprobe_offset_is_supported())) {
  		reloc_sym = kernel_get_ref_reloc_sym();
  		if (!reloc_sym) {
  			pr_warning("Relocated base symbol is not found!\n");
  			ret = -EINVAL;
  			goto out;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* Setup result trace-probe-events */
  	*tevs = zalloc(sizeof(*tev) * num_matched_functions);
  	if (!*tevs) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	ret = 0;
  
  	for (j = 0; j < num_matched_functions; j++) {
  		sym = syms[j];
  
  		tev = (*tevs) + ret;
  		tp = &tev->point;
  		if (ret == num_matched_functions) {
  			pr_warning("Too many symbols are listed. Skip it.\n");
  			break;
  		}
  		ret++;
  
  		if (pp->offset > sym->end - sym->start) {
  			pr_warning("Offset %ld is bigger than the size of %s\n",
  				   pp->offset, sym->name);
  			ret = -ENOENT;
  			goto err_out;
  		}
  		/* Add one probe point */
  		tp->address = map->unmap_ip(map, sym->start) + pp->offset;
  
  		/* Check the kprobe (not in module) is within .text  */
  		if (!pev->uprobes && !pev->target &&
  		    kprobe_warn_out_range(sym->name, tp->address)) {
  			tp->symbol = NULL;	/* Skip it */
  			skipped++;
  		} else if (reloc_sym) {
  			tp->symbol = strdup_or_goto(reloc_sym->name, nomem_out);
  			tp->offset = tp->address - reloc_sym->addr;
  		} else {
  			tp->symbol = strdup_or_goto(sym->name, nomem_out);
  			tp->offset = pp->offset;
  		}
  		tp->realname = strdup_or_goto(sym->name, nomem_out);
  
  		tp->retprobe = pp->retprobe;
  		if (pev->target) {
  			if (pev->uprobes) {
  				tev->point.module = strdup_or_goto(pev->target,
  								   nomem_out);
  			} else {
  				mod_name = find_module_name(pev->target);
  				tev->point.module =
  					strdup(mod_name ? mod_name : pev->target);
  				free(mod_name);
  				if (!tev->point.module)
  					goto nomem_out;
  			}
  		}
  		tev->uprobes = pev->uprobes;
  		tev->nargs = pev->nargs;
  		if (tev->nargs) {
  			tev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct probe_trace_arg) *
  					   tev->nargs);
  			if (tev->args == NULL)
  				goto nomem_out;
  		}
  		for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++) {
  			if (pev->args[i].name)
  				tev->args[i].name =
  					strdup_or_goto(pev->args[i].name,
  							nomem_out);
  
  			tev->args[i].value = strdup_or_goto(pev->args[i].var,
  							    nomem_out);
  			if (pev->args[i].type)
  				tev->args[i].type =
  					strdup_or_goto(pev->args[i].type,
  							nomem_out);
  		}
  		arch__fix_tev_from_maps(pev, tev, map, sym);
  	}
  	if (ret == skipped) {
  		ret = -ENOENT;
  		goto err_out;
  	}
  
  out:
  	map__put(map);
  	free(syms);
  	return ret;
  
  nomem_out:
  	ret = -ENOMEM;
  err_out:
  	clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, num_matched_functions);
  	zfree(tevs);
  	goto out;
  }
  
  static int try_to_find_absolute_address(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  					struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
  {
  	struct perf_probe_point *pp = &pev->point;
  	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
  	struct probe_trace_point *tp;
  	int i, err;
  
  	if (!(pev->point.function && !strncmp(pev->point.function, "0x", 2)))
  		return -EINVAL;
  	if (perf_probe_event_need_dwarf(pev))
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	/*
  	 * This is 'perf probe /lib/libc.so 0xabcd'. Try to probe at
  	 * absolute address.
  	 *
  	 * Only one tev can be generated by this.
  	 */
  	*tevs = zalloc(sizeof(*tev));
  	if (!*tevs)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	tev = *tevs;
  	tp = &tev->point;
  
  	/*
  	 * Don't use tp->offset, use address directly, because
  	 * in synthesize_probe_trace_command() address cannot be
  	 * zero.
  	 */
  	tp->address = pev->point.abs_address;
  	tp->retprobe = pp->retprobe;
  	tev->uprobes = pev->uprobes;
  
  	err = -ENOMEM;
  	/*
  	 * Give it a '0x' leading symbol name.
  	 * In __add_probe_trace_events, a NULL symbol is interpreted as
  	 * invalud.
  	 */
  	if (asprintf(&tp->symbol, "0x%lx", tp->address) < 0)
  		goto errout;
  
  	/* For kprobe, check range */
  	if ((!tev->uprobes) &&
  	    (kprobe_warn_out_range(tev->point.symbol,
  				   tev->point.address))) {
  		err = -EACCES;
  		goto errout;
  	}
  
  	if (asprintf(&tp->realname, "abs_%lx", tp->address) < 0)
  		goto errout;
  
  	if (pev->target) {
  		tp->module = strdup(pev->target);
  		if (!tp->module)
  			goto errout;
  	}
  
  	if (tev->group) {
  		tev->group = strdup(pev->group);
  		if (!tev->group)
  			goto errout;
  	}
  
  	if (pev->event) {
  		tev->event = strdup(pev->event);
  		if (!tev->event)
  			goto errout;
  	}
  
  	tev->nargs = pev->nargs;
  	tev->args = zalloc(sizeof(struct probe_trace_arg) * tev->nargs);
  	if (!tev->args)
  		goto errout;
  
  	for (i = 0; i < tev->nargs; i++)
  		copy_to_probe_trace_arg(&tev->args[i], &pev->args[i]);
  
  	return 1;
  
  errout:
  	clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, 1);
  	*tevs = NULL;
  	return err;
  }
  
  /* Concatinate two arrays */
  static void *memcat(void *a, size_t sz_a, void *b, size_t sz_b)
  {
  	void *ret;
  
  	ret = malloc(sz_a + sz_b);
  	if (ret) {
  		memcpy(ret, a, sz_a);
  		memcpy(ret + sz_a, b, sz_b);
  	}
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int
  concat_probe_trace_events(struct probe_trace_event **tevs, int *ntevs,
  			  struct probe_trace_event **tevs2, int ntevs2)
  {
  	struct probe_trace_event *new_tevs;
  	int ret = 0;
  
  	if (*ntevs == 0) {
  		*tevs = *tevs2;
  		*ntevs = ntevs2;
  		*tevs2 = NULL;
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	if (*ntevs + ntevs2 > probe_conf.max_probes)
  		ret = -E2BIG;
  	else {
  		/* Concatinate the array of probe_trace_event */
  		new_tevs = memcat(*tevs, (*ntevs) * sizeof(**tevs),
  				  *tevs2, ntevs2 * sizeof(**tevs2));
  		if (!new_tevs)
  			ret = -ENOMEM;
  		else {
  			free(*tevs);
  			*tevs = new_tevs;
  			*ntevs += ntevs2;
  		}
  	}
  	if (ret < 0)
  		clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs2, ntevs2);
  	zfree(tevs2);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /*
   * Try to find probe_trace_event from given probe caches. Return the number
   * of cached events found, if an error occurs return the error.
   */
  static int find_cached_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  			      struct probe_trace_event **tevs,
  			      const char *target)
  {
  	struct probe_cache *cache;
  	struct probe_cache_entry *entry;
  	struct probe_trace_event *tmp_tevs = NULL;
  	int ntevs = 0;
  	int ret = 0;
  
  	cache = probe_cache__new(target, pev->nsi);
  	/* Return 0 ("not found") if the target has no probe cache. */
  	if (!cache)
  		return 0;
  
  	for_each_probe_cache_entry(entry, cache) {
  		/* Skip the cache entry which has no name */
  		if (!entry->pev.event || !entry->pev.group)
  			continue;
  		if ((!pev->group || strglobmatch(entry->pev.group, pev->group)) &&
  		    strglobmatch(entry->pev.event, pev->event)) {
  			ret = probe_cache_entry__get_event(entry, &tmp_tevs);
  			if (ret > 0)
  				ret = concat_probe_trace_events(tevs, &ntevs,
  								&tmp_tevs, ret);
  			if (ret < 0)
  				break;
  		}
  	}
  	probe_cache__delete(cache);
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, ntevs);
  		zfree(tevs);
  	} else {
  		ret = ntevs;
  		if (ntevs > 0 && target && target[0] == '/')
  			pev->uprobes = true;
  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Try to find probe_trace_event from all probe caches */
  static int find_cached_events_all(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  				   struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
  {
  	struct probe_trace_event *tmp_tevs = NULL;
  	struct strlist *bidlist;
  	struct str_node *nd;
  	char *pathname;
  	int ntevs = 0;
  	int ret;
  
  	/* Get the buildid list of all valid caches */
  	bidlist = build_id_cache__list_all(true);
  	if (!bidlist) {
  		ret = -errno;
  		pr_debug("Failed to get buildids: %d\n", ret);
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	ret = 0;
  	strlist__for_each_entry(nd, bidlist) {
  		pathname = build_id_cache__origname(nd->s);
  		ret = find_cached_events(pev, &tmp_tevs, pathname);
  		/* In the case of cnt == 0, we just skip it */
  		if (ret > 0)
  			ret = concat_probe_trace_events(tevs, &ntevs,
  							&tmp_tevs, ret);
  		free(pathname);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  	}
  	strlist__delete(bidlist);
  
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		clear_probe_trace_events(*tevs, ntevs);
  		zfree(tevs);
  	} else
  		ret = ntevs;
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int find_probe_trace_events_from_cache(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  					      struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
  {
  	struct probe_cache *cache;
  	struct probe_cache_entry *entry;
  	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
  	struct str_node *node;
  	int ret, i;
  
  	if (pev->sdt) {
  		/* For SDT/cached events, we use special search functions */
  		if (!pev->target)
  			return find_cached_events_all(pev, tevs);
  		else
  			return find_cached_events(pev, tevs, pev->target);
  	}
  	cache = probe_cache__new(pev->target, pev->nsi);
  	if (!cache)
  		return 0;
  
  	entry = probe_cache__find(cache, pev);
  	if (!entry) {
  		/* SDT must be in the cache */
  		ret = pev->sdt ? -ENOENT : 0;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	ret = strlist__nr_entries(entry->tevlist);
  	if (ret > probe_conf.max_probes) {
  		pr_debug("Too many entries matched in the cache of %s\n",
  			 pev->target ? : "kernel");
  		ret = -E2BIG;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	*tevs = zalloc(ret * sizeof(*tev));
  	if (!*tevs) {
  		ret = -ENOMEM;
  		goto out;
  	}
  
  	i = 0;
  	strlist__for_each_entry(node, entry->tevlist) {
  		tev = &(*tevs)[i++];
  		ret = parse_probe_trace_command(node->s, tev);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			goto out;
  		/* Set the uprobes attribute as same as original */
  		tev->uprobes = pev->uprobes;
  	}
  	ret = i;
  
  out:
  	probe_cache__delete(cache);
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static int convert_to_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pev,
  					 struct probe_trace_event **tevs)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	if (!pev->group && !pev->sdt) {
  		/* Set group name if not given */
  		if (!pev->uprobes) {
  			pev->group = strdup(PERFPROBE_GROUP);
  			ret = pev->group ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
  		} else
  			ret = convert_exec_to_group(pev->target, &pev->group);
  		if (ret != 0) {
  			pr_warning("Failed to make a group name.\n");
  			return ret;
  		}
  	}
  
  	ret = try_to_find_absolute_address(pev, tevs);
  	if (ret > 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	/* At first, we need to lookup cache entry */
  	ret = find_probe_trace_events_from_cache(pev, tevs);
  	if (ret > 0 || pev->sdt)	/* SDT can be found only in the cache */
  		return ret == 0 ? -ENOENT : ret; /* Found in probe cache */
  
  	/* Convert perf_probe_event with debuginfo */
  	ret = try_to_find_probe_trace_events(pev, tevs);
  	if (ret != 0)
  		return ret;	/* Found in debuginfo or got an error */
  
  	return find_probe_trace_events_from_map(pev, tevs);
  }
  
  int convert_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
  {
  	int i, ret;
  
  	/* Loop 1: convert all events */
  	for (i = 0; i < npevs; i++) {
  		/* Init kprobe blacklist if needed */
  		if (!pevs[i].uprobes)
  			kprobe_blacklist__init();
  		/* Convert with or without debuginfo */
  		ret  = convert_to_probe_trace_events(&pevs[i], &pevs[i].tevs);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			return ret;
  		pevs[i].ntevs = ret;
  	}
  	/* This just release blacklist only if allocated */
  	kprobe_blacklist__release();
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  static int show_probe_trace_event(struct probe_trace_event *tev)
  {
  	char *buf = synthesize_probe_trace_command(tev);
  
  	if (!buf) {
  		pr_debug("Failed to synthesize probe trace event.\n");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	/* Showing definition always go stdout */
  	printf("%s\n", buf);
  	free(buf);
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int show_probe_trace_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
  {
  	struct strlist *namelist = strlist__new(NULL, NULL);
  	struct probe_trace_event *tev;
  	struct perf_probe_event *pev;
  	int i, j, ret = 0;
  
  	if (!namelist)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  
  	for (j = 0; j < npevs && !ret; j++) {
  		pev = &pevs[j];
  		for (i = 0; i < pev->ntevs && !ret; i++) {
  			tev = &pev->tevs[i];
  			/* Skip if the symbol is out of .text or blacklisted */
  			if (!tev->point.symbol && !pev->uprobes)
  				continue;
  
  			/* Set new name for tev (and update namelist) */
  			ret = probe_trace_event__set_name(tev, pev,
  							  namelist, true);
  			if (!ret)
  				ret = show_probe_trace_event(tev);
  		}
  	}
  	strlist__delete(namelist);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  int apply_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
  {
  	int i, ret = 0;
  
  	/* Loop 2: add all events */
  	for (i = 0; i < npevs; i++) {
  		ret = __add_probe_trace_events(&pevs[i], pevs[i].tevs,
  					       pevs[i].ntevs,
  					       probe_conf.force_add);
  		if (ret < 0)
  			break;
  	}
  	return ret;
  }
  
  void cleanup_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
  {
  	int i, j;
  	struct perf_probe_event *pev;
  
  	/* Loop 3: cleanup and free trace events  */
  	for (i = 0; i < npevs; i++) {
  		pev = &pevs[i];
  		for (j = 0; j < pevs[i].ntevs; j++)
  			clear_probe_trace_event(&pevs[i].tevs[j]);
  		zfree(&pevs[i].tevs);
  		pevs[i].ntevs = 0;
  		nsinfo__zput(pev->nsi);
  		clear_perf_probe_event(&pevs[i]);
  	}
  }
  
  int add_perf_probe_events(struct perf_probe_event *pevs, int npevs)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(pevs->uprobes);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	ret = convert_perf_probe_events(pevs, npevs);
  	if (ret == 0)
  		ret = apply_perf_probe_events(pevs, npevs);
  
  	cleanup_perf_probe_events(pevs, npevs);
  
  	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
  	return ret;
  }
  
  int del_perf_probe_events(struct strfilter *filter)
  {
  	int ret, ret2, ufd = -1, kfd = -1;
  	char *str = strfilter__string(filter);
  
  	if (!str)
  		return -EINVAL;
  
  	/* Get current event names */
  	ret = probe_file__open_both(&kfd, &ufd, PF_FL_RW);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		goto out;
  
  	ret = probe_file__del_events(kfd, filter);
  	if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT)
  		goto error;
  
  	ret2 = probe_file__del_events(ufd, filter);
  	if (ret2 < 0 && ret2 != -ENOENT) {
  		ret = ret2;
  		goto error;
  	}
  	ret = 0;
  
  error:
  	if (kfd >= 0)
  		close(kfd);
  	if (ufd >= 0)
  		close(ufd);
  out:
  	free(str);
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  int show_available_funcs(const char *target, struct nsinfo *nsi,
  			 struct strfilter *_filter, bool user)
  {
          struct rb_node *nd;
  	struct map *map;
  	int ret;
  
  	ret = init_probe_symbol_maps(user);
  	if (ret < 0)
  		return ret;
  
  	/* Get a symbol map */
  	map = get_target_map(target, nsi, user);
  	if (!map) {
  		pr_err("Failed to get a map for %s\n", (target) ? : "kernel");
  		return -EINVAL;
  	}
  
  	ret = map__load(map);
  	if (ret) {
  		if (ret == -2) {
  			char *str = strfilter__string(_filter);
  			pr_err("Failed to find symbols matched to \"%s\"\n",
  			       str);
  			free(str);
  		} else
  			pr_err("Failed to load symbols in %s\n",
  			       (target) ? : "kernel");
  		goto end;
  	}
  	if (!dso__sorted_by_name(map->dso, map->type))
  		dso__sort_by_name(map->dso, map->type);
  
  	/* Show all (filtered) symbols */
  	setup_pager();
  
          for (nd = rb_first(&map->dso->symbol_names[map->type]); nd; nd = rb_next(nd)) {
  		struct symbol_name_rb_node *pos = rb_entry(nd, struct symbol_name_rb_node, rb_node);
  
  		if (strfilter__compare(_filter, pos->sym.name))
  			printf("%s\n", pos->sym.name);
          }
  
  end:
  	map__put(map);
  	exit_probe_symbol_maps();
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  int copy_to_probe_trace_arg(struct probe_trace_arg *tvar,
  			    struct perf_probe_arg *pvar)
  {
  	tvar->value = strdup(pvar->var);
  	if (tvar->value == NULL)
  		return -ENOMEM;
  	if (pvar->type) {
  		tvar->type = strdup(pvar->type);
  		if (tvar->type == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  	}
  	if (pvar->name) {
  		tvar->name = strdup(pvar->name);
  		if (tvar->name == NULL)
  			return -ENOMEM;
  	} else
  		tvar->name = NULL;
  	return 0;
  }
  