text: from __future__ import unicode_literals
  import binascii
  import datetime
  import pytest
  import re
  import redis
  import time
  
  from redis._compat import (unichr, ascii_letters, iteritems, iterkeys,
                             itervalues, long)
  from redis.client import parse_info
  from redis import exceptions
  
  from .conftest import skip_if_server_version_lt, skip_if_server_version_gte
  
  
  @pytest.fixture()
  def slowlog(request, r):
      current_config = r.config_get()
      old_slower_than_value = current_config['slowlog-log-slower-than']
      old_max_legnth_value = current_config['slowlog-max-len']
  
      def cleanup():
          r.config_set('slowlog-log-slower-than', old_slower_than_value)
          r.config_set('slowlog-max-len', old_max_legnth_value)
      request.addfinalizer(cleanup)
  
      r.config_set('slowlog-log-slower-than', 0)
      r.config_set('slowlog-max-len', 128)
  
  
  def redis_server_time(client):
      seconds, milliseconds = client.time()
      timestamp = float('%s.%s' % (seconds, milliseconds))
      return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
  
  
  def get_stream_message(client, stream, message_id):
      "Fetch a stream message and format it as a (message_id, fields) pair"
      response = client.xrange(stream, min=message_id, max=message_id)
      assert len(response) == 1
      return response[0]
  
  
  # RESPONSE CALLBACKS
  class TestResponseCallbacks(object):
      "Tests for the response callback system"
  
      def test_response_callbacks(self, r):
          assert r.response_callbacks == redis.Redis.RESPONSE_CALLBACKS
          assert id(r.response_callbacks) != id(redis.Redis.RESPONSE_CALLBACKS)
          r.set_response_callback('GET', lambda x: 'static')
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r['a'] == 'static'
  
  
  class TestRedisCommands(object):
  
      def test_command_on_invalid_key_type(self, r):
          r.lpush('a', '1')
          with pytest.raises(redis.ResponseError):
              r['a']
  
      # SERVER INFORMATION
      def test_client_list(self, r):
          clients = r.client_list()
          assert isinstance(clients[0], dict)
          assert 'addr' in clients[0]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_client_list_type(self, r):
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.RedisError):
              r.client_list(_type='not a client type')
          for client_type in ['normal', 'master', 'replica', 'pubsub']:
              clients = r.client_list(_type=client_type)
              assert isinstance(clients, list)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_client_id(self, r):
          assert r.client_id() > 0
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_client_unblock(self, r):
          myid = r.client_id()
          assert not r.client_unblock(myid)
          assert not r.client_unblock(myid, error=True)
          assert not r.client_unblock(myid, error=False)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.9')
      def test_client_getname(self, r):
          assert r.client_getname() is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.9')
      def test_client_setname(self, r):
          assert r.client_setname('redis_py_test')
          assert r.client_getname() == 'redis_py_test'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.9')
      def test_client_kill(self, r, r2):
          r.client_setname('redis-py-c1')
          r2[0].client_setname('redis-py-c2')
          r2[1].client_setname('redis-py-c3')
          test_clients = [client for client in r.client_list()
                          if client.get('name')
                          in ['redis-py-c1', 'redis-py-c2', 'redis-py-c3']]
          assert len(test_clients) == 3
  
          resp = r.client_kill(test_clients[1].get('addr'))
          assert isinstance(resp, bool) and resp is True
  
          test_clients = [client for client in r.client_list()
                          if client.get('name')
                          in ['redis-py-c1', 'redis-py-c2', 'redis-py-c3']]
          assert len(test_clients) == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.12')
      def test_client_kill_filter_invalid_params(self, r):
          # empty
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.client_kill_filter()
  
          # invalid skipme
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.client_kill_filter(skipme="yeah")
  
          # invalid type
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.client_kill_filter(_type="caster")
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.12')
      def test_client_kill_filter(self, r, r2):
          r.client_setname('redis-py-c1')
          r2[0].client_setname('redis-py-c2')
          r2[1].client_setname('redis-py-c3')
          test_clients = [client for client in r.client_list()
                          if client.get('name')
                          in ['redis-py-c1', 'redis-py-c2', 'redis-py-c3']]
          assert len(test_clients) == 3
  
          resp = r.client_kill_filter(_id=test_clients[1].get('id'))
          assert isinstance(resp, int) and resp == 1
  
          resp = r.client_kill_filter(addr=test_clients[2].get('addr'))
          assert isinstance(resp, int) and resp == 1
  
          test_clients = [client for client in r.client_list()
                          if client.get('name')
                          in ['redis-py-c1', 'redis-py-c2', 'redis-py-c3']]
          assert len(test_clients) == 1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.9')
      def test_client_list_after_client_setname(self, r):
          r.client_setname('redis_py_test')
          clients = r.client_list()
          # we don't know which client ours will be
          assert 'redis_py_test' in [c['name'] for c in clients]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.9.50')
      def test_client_pause(self, r):
          assert r.client_pause(1)
          assert r.client_pause(timeout=1)
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.RedisError):
              r.client_pause(timeout='not an integer')
  
      def test_config_get(self, r):
          data = r.config_get()
          assert 'maxmemory' in data
          assert data['maxmemory'].isdigit()
  
      def test_config_resetstat(self, r):
          r.ping()
          prior_commands_processed = int(r.info()['total_commands_processed'])
          assert prior_commands_processed >= 1
          r.config_resetstat()
          reset_commands_processed = int(r.info()['total_commands_processed'])
          assert reset_commands_processed < prior_commands_processed
  
      def test_config_set(self, r):
          data = r.config_get()
          rdbname = data['dbfilename']
          try:
              assert r.config_set('dbfilename', 'redis_py_test.rdb')
              assert r.config_get()['dbfilename'] == 'redis_py_test.rdb'
          finally:
              assert r.config_set('dbfilename', rdbname)
  
      def test_dbsize(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          r['b'] = 'bar'
          assert r.dbsize() == 2
  
      def test_echo(self, r):
          assert r.echo('foo bar') == b'foo bar'
  
      def test_info(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          r['b'] = 'bar'
          info = r.info()
          assert isinstance(info, dict)
          assert info['db9']['keys'] == 2
  
      def test_lastsave(self, r):
          assert isinstance(r.lastsave(), datetime.datetime)
  
      def test_object(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert isinstance(r.object('refcount', 'a'), int)
          assert isinstance(r.object('idletime', 'a'), int)
          assert r.object('encoding', 'a') in (b'raw', b'embstr')
          assert r.object('idletime', 'invalid-key') is None
  
      def test_ping(self, r):
          assert r.ping()
  
      def test_slowlog_get(self, r, slowlog):
          assert r.slowlog_reset()
          unicode_string = unichr(3456) + 'abcd' + unichr(3421)
          r.get(unicode_string)
          slowlog = r.slowlog_get()
          assert isinstance(slowlog, list)
          commands = [log['command'] for log in slowlog]
  
          get_command = b' '.join((b'GET', unicode_string.encode('utf-8')))
          assert get_command in commands
          assert b'SLOWLOG RESET' in commands
          # the order should be ['GET <uni string>', 'SLOWLOG RESET'],
          # but if other clients are executing commands at the same time, there
          # could be commands, before, between, or after, so just check that
          # the two we care about are in the appropriate order.
          assert commands.index(get_command) < commands.index(b'SLOWLOG RESET')
  
          # make sure other attributes are typed correctly
          assert isinstance(slowlog[0]['start_time'], int)
          assert isinstance(slowlog[0]['duration'], int)
  
      def test_slowlog_get_limit(self, r, slowlog):
          assert r.slowlog_reset()
          r.get('foo')
          r.get('bar')
          slowlog = r.slowlog_get(1)
          assert isinstance(slowlog, list)
          commands = [log['command'] for log in slowlog]
          assert b'GET foo' not in commands
          assert b'GET bar' in commands
  
      def test_slowlog_length(self, r, slowlog):
          r.get('foo')
          assert isinstance(r.slowlog_len(), int)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_time(self, r):
          t = r.time()
          assert len(t) == 2
          assert isinstance(t[0], int)
          assert isinstance(t[1], int)
  
      # BASIC KEY COMMANDS
      def test_append(self, r):
          assert r.append('a', 'a1') == 2
          assert r['a'] == b'a1'
          assert r.append('a', 'a2') == 4
          assert r['a'] == b'a1a2'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_bitcount(self, r):
          r.setbit('a', 5, True)
          assert r.bitcount('a') == 1
          r.setbit('a', 6, True)
          assert r.bitcount('a') == 2
          r.setbit('a', 5, False)
          assert r.bitcount('a') == 1
          r.setbit('a', 9, True)
          r.setbit('a', 17, True)
          r.setbit('a', 25, True)
          r.setbit('a', 33, True)
          assert r.bitcount('a') == 5
          assert r.bitcount('a', 0, -1) == 5
          assert r.bitcount('a', 2, 3) == 2
          assert r.bitcount('a', 2, -1) == 3
          assert r.bitcount('a', -2, -1) == 2
          assert r.bitcount('a', 1, 1) == 1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_bitop_not_empty_string(self, r):
          r['a'] = ''
          r.bitop('not', 'r', 'a')
          assert r.get('r') is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_bitop_not(self, r):
          test_str = b'\xAA\x00\xFF\x55'
          correct = ~0xAA00FF55 & 0xFFFFFFFF
          r['a'] = test_str
          r.bitop('not', 'r', 'a')
          assert int(binascii.hexlify(r['r']), 16) == correct
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_bitop_not_in_place(self, r):
          test_str = b'\xAA\x00\xFF\x55'
          correct = ~0xAA00FF55 & 0xFFFFFFFF
          r['a'] = test_str
          r.bitop('not', 'a', 'a')
          assert int(binascii.hexlify(r['a']), 16) == correct
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_bitop_single_string(self, r):
          test_str = b'\x01\x02\xFF'
          r['a'] = test_str
          r.bitop('and', 'res1', 'a')
          r.bitop('or', 'res2', 'a')
          r.bitop('xor', 'res3', 'a')
          assert r['res1'] == test_str
          assert r['res2'] == test_str
          assert r['res3'] == test_str
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_bitop_string_operands(self, r):
          r['a'] = b'\x01\x02\xFF\xFF'
          r['b'] = b'\x01\x02\xFF'
          r.bitop('and', 'res1', 'a', 'b')
          r.bitop('or', 'res2', 'a', 'b')
          r.bitop('xor', 'res3', 'a', 'b')
          assert int(binascii.hexlify(r['res1']), 16) == 0x0102FF00
          assert int(binascii.hexlify(r['res2']), 16) == 0x0102FFFF
          assert int(binascii.hexlify(r['res3']), 16) == 0x000000FF
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.7')
      def test_bitpos(self, r):
          key = 'key:bitpos'
          r.set(key, b'\xff\xf0\x00')
          assert r.bitpos(key, 0) == 12
          assert r.bitpos(key, 0, 2, -1) == 16
          assert r.bitpos(key, 0, -2, -1) == 12
          r.set(key, b'\x00\xff\xf0')
          assert r.bitpos(key, 1, 0) == 8
          assert r.bitpos(key, 1, 1) == 8
          r.set(key, b'\x00\x00\x00')
          assert r.bitpos(key, 1) == -1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.7')
      def test_bitpos_wrong_arguments(self, r):
          key = 'key:bitpos:wrong:args'
          r.set(key, b'\xff\xf0\x00')
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.RedisError):
              r.bitpos(key, 0, end=1) == 12
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.RedisError):
              r.bitpos(key, 7) == 12
  
      def test_decr(self, r):
          assert r.decr('a') == -1
          assert r['a'] == b'-1'
          assert r.decr('a') == -2
          assert r['a'] == b'-2'
          assert r.decr('a', amount=5) == -7
          assert r['a'] == b'-7'
  
      def test_decrby(self, r):
          assert r.decrby('a', amount=2) == -2
          assert r.decrby('a', amount=3) == -5
          assert r['a'] == b'-5'
  
      def test_delete(self, r):
          assert r.delete('a') == 0
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.delete('a') == 1
  
      def test_delete_with_multiple_keys(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          r['b'] = 'bar'
          assert r.delete('a', 'b') == 2
          assert r.get('a') is None
          assert r.get('b') is None
  
      def test_delitem(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          del r['a']
          assert r.get('a') is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.0.0')
      def test_unlink(self, r):
          assert r.unlink('a') == 0
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.unlink('a') == 1
          assert r.get('a') is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.0.0')
      def test_unlink_with_multiple_keys(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          r['b'] = 'bar'
          assert r.unlink('a', 'b') == 2
          assert r.get('a') is None
          assert r.get('b') is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_dump_and_restore(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          dumped = r.dump('a')
          del r['a']
          r.restore('a', 0, dumped)
          assert r['a'] == b'foo'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.0.0')
      def test_dump_and_restore_and_replace(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'bar'
          dumped = r.dump('a')
          with pytest.raises(redis.ResponseError):
              r.restore('a', 0, dumped)
  
          r.restore('a', 0, dumped, replace=True)
          assert r['a'] == b'bar'
  
      def test_exists(self, r):
          assert r.exists('a') == 0
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          r['b'] = 'bar'
          assert r.exists('a') == 1
          assert r.exists('a', 'b') == 2
  
      def test_exists_contains(self, r):
          assert 'a' not in r
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert 'a' in r
  
      def test_expire(self, r):
          assert not r.expire('a', 10)
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.expire('a', 10)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 10
          assert r.persist('a')
          assert r.ttl('a') == -1
  
      def test_expireat_datetime(self, r):
          expire_at = redis_server_time(r) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.expireat('a', expire_at)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 61
  
      def test_expireat_no_key(self, r):
          expire_at = redis_server_time(r) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
          assert not r.expireat('a', expire_at)
  
      def test_expireat_unixtime(self, r):
          expire_at = redis_server_time(r) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          expire_at_seconds = int(time.mktime(expire_at.timetuple()))
          assert r.expireat('a', expire_at_seconds)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 61
  
      def test_get_and_set(self, r):
          # get and set can't be tested independently of each other
          assert r.get('a') is None
          byte_string = b'value'
          integer = 5
          unicode_string = unichr(3456) + 'abcd' + unichr(3421)
          assert r.set('byte_string', byte_string)
          assert r.set('integer', 5)
          assert r.set('unicode_string', unicode_string)
          assert r.get('byte_string') == byte_string
          assert r.get('integer') == str(integer).encode()
          assert r.get('unicode_string').decode('utf-8') == unicode_string
  
      def test_getitem_and_setitem(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'bar'
          assert r['a'] == b'bar'
  
      def test_getitem_raises_keyerror_for_missing_key(self, r):
          with pytest.raises(KeyError):
              r['a']
  
      def test_getitem_does_not_raise_keyerror_for_empty_string(self, r):
          r['a'] = b""
          assert r['a'] == b""
  
      def test_get_set_bit(self, r):
          # no value
          assert not r.getbit('a', 5)
          # set bit 5
          assert not r.setbit('a', 5, True)
          assert r.getbit('a', 5)
          # unset bit 4
          assert not r.setbit('a', 4, False)
          assert not r.getbit('a', 4)
          # set bit 4
          assert not r.setbit('a', 4, True)
          assert r.getbit('a', 4)
          # set bit 5 again
          assert r.setbit('a', 5, True)
          assert r.getbit('a', 5)
  
      def test_getrange(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.getrange('a', 0, 0) == b'f'
          assert r.getrange('a', 0, 2) == b'foo'
          assert r.getrange('a', 3, 4) == b''
  
      def test_getset(self, r):
          assert r.getset('a', 'foo') is None
          assert r.getset('a', 'bar') == b'foo'
          assert r.get('a') == b'bar'
  
      def test_incr(self, r):
          assert r.incr('a') == 1
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
          assert r.incr('a') == 2
          assert r['a'] == b'2'
          assert r.incr('a', amount=5) == 7
          assert r['a'] == b'7'
  
      def test_incrby(self, r):
          assert r.incrby('a') == 1
          assert r.incrby('a', 4) == 5
          assert r['a'] == b'5'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_incrbyfloat(self, r):
          assert r.incrbyfloat('a') == 1.0
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
          assert r.incrbyfloat('a', 1.1) == 2.1
          assert float(r['a']) == float(2.1)
  
      def test_keys(self, r):
          assert r.keys() == []
          keys_with_underscores = {b'test_a', b'test_b'}
          keys = keys_with_underscores.union({b'testc'})
          for key in keys:
              r[key] = 1
          assert set(r.keys(pattern='test_*')) == keys_with_underscores
          assert set(r.keys(pattern='test*')) == keys
  
      def test_mget(self, r):
          assert r.mget([]) == []
          assert r.mget(['a', 'b']) == [None, None]
          r['a'] = '1'
          r['b'] = '2'
          r['c'] = '3'
          assert r.mget('a', 'other', 'b', 'c') == [b'1', None, b'2', b'3']
  
      def test_mset(self, r):
          d = {'a': b'1', 'b': b'2', 'c': b'3'}
          assert r.mset(d)
          for k, v in iteritems(d):
              assert r[k] == v
  
      def test_msetnx(self, r):
          d = {'a': b'1', 'b': b'2', 'c': b'3'}
          assert r.msetnx(d)
          d2 = {'a': b'x', 'd': b'4'}
          assert not r.msetnx(d2)
          for k, v in iteritems(d):
              assert r[k] == v
          assert r.get('d') is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_pexpire(self, r):
          assert not r.pexpire('a', 60000)
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.pexpire('a', 60000)
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 60000
          assert r.persist('a')
          assert r.pttl('a') == -1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_pexpireat_datetime(self, r):
          expire_at = redis_server_time(r) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.pexpireat('a', expire_at)
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 61000
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_pexpireat_no_key(self, r):
          expire_at = redis_server_time(r) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
          assert not r.pexpireat('a', expire_at)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_pexpireat_unixtime(self, r):
          expire_at = redis_server_time(r) + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          expire_at_seconds = int(time.mktime(expire_at.timetuple())) * 1000
          assert r.pexpireat('a', expire_at_seconds)
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 61000
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_psetex(self, r):
          assert r.psetex('a', 1000, 'value')
          assert r['a'] == b'value'
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 1000
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_psetex_timedelta(self, r):
          expire_at = datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1000)
          assert r.psetex('a', expire_at, 'value')
          assert r['a'] == b'value'
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 1000
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_pttl(self, r):
          assert not r.pexpire('a', 10000)
          r['a'] = '1'
          assert r.pexpire('a', 10000)
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 10000
          assert r.persist('a')
          assert r.pttl('a') == -1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_pttl_no_key(self, r):
          "PTTL on servers 2.8 and after return -2 when the key doesn't exist"
          assert r.pttl('a') == -2
  
      def test_randomkey(self, r):
          assert r.randomkey() is None
          for key in ('a', 'b', 'c'):
              r[key] = 1
          assert r.randomkey() in (b'a', b'b', b'c')
  
      def test_rename(self, r):
          r['a'] = '1'
          assert r.rename('a', 'b')
          assert r.get('a') is None
          assert r['b'] == b'1'
  
      def test_renamenx(self, r):
          r['a'] = '1'
          r['b'] = '2'
          assert not r.renamenx('a', 'b')
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
          assert r['b'] == b'2'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_nx(self, r):
          assert r.set('a', '1', nx=True)
          assert not r.set('a', '2', nx=True)
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_xx(self, r):
          assert not r.set('a', '1', xx=True)
          assert r.get('a') is None
          r['a'] = 'bar'
          assert r.set('a', '2', xx=True)
          assert r.get('a') == b'2'
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_px(self, r):
          assert r.set('a', '1', px=10000)
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 10000
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 10
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_px_timedelta(self, r):
          expire_at = datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1000)
          assert r.set('a', '1', px=expire_at)
          assert 0 < r.pttl('a') <= 1000
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_ex(self, r):
          assert r.set('a', '1', ex=10)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 10
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_ex_timedelta(self, r):
          expire_at = datetime.timedelta(seconds=60)
          assert r.set('a', '1', ex=expire_at)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 60
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_set_multipleoptions(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'val'
          assert r.set('a', '1', xx=True, px=10000)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 10
  
      def test_setex(self, r):
          assert r.setex('a', 60, '1')
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 60
  
      def test_setnx(self, r):
          assert r.setnx('a', '1')
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
          assert not r.setnx('a', '2')
          assert r['a'] == b'1'
  
      def test_setrange(self, r):
          assert r.setrange('a', 5, 'foo') == 8
          assert r['a'] == b'\0\0\0\0\0foo'
          r['a'] = 'abcdefghijh'
          assert r.setrange('a', 6, '12345') == 11
          assert r['a'] == b'abcdef12345'
  
      def test_strlen(self, r):
          r['a'] = 'foo'
          assert r.strlen('a') == 3
  
      def test_substr(self, r):
          r['a'] = '0123456789'
          assert r.substr('a', 0) == b'0123456789'
          assert r.substr('a', 2) == b'23456789'
          assert r.substr('a', 3, 5) == b'345'
          assert r.substr('a', 3, -2) == b'345678'
  
      def test_ttl(self, r):
          r['a'] = '1'
          assert r.expire('a', 10)
          assert 0 < r.ttl('a') <= 10
          assert r.persist('a')
          assert r.ttl('a') == -1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_ttl_nokey(self, r):
          "TTL on servers 2.8 and after return -2 when the key doesn't exist"
          assert r.ttl('a') == -2
  
      def test_type(self, r):
          assert r.type('a') == b'none'
          r['a'] = '1'
          assert r.type('a') == b'string'
          del r['a']
          r.lpush('a', '1')
          assert r.type('a') == b'list'
          del r['a']
          r.sadd('a', '1')
          assert r.type('a') == b'set'
          del r['a']
          r.zadd('a', {'1': 1})
          assert r.type('a') == b'zset'
  
      # LIST COMMANDS
      def test_blpop(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2')
          r.rpush('b', '3', '4')
          assert r.blpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'3')
          assert r.blpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'4')
          assert r.blpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'1')
          assert r.blpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'2')
          assert r.blpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) is None
          r.rpush('c', '1')
          assert r.blpop('c', timeout=1) == (b'c', b'1')
  
      def test_brpop(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2')
          r.rpush('b', '3', '4')
          assert r.brpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'4')
          assert r.brpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'3')
          assert r.brpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'2')
          assert r.brpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'1')
          assert r.brpop(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) is None
          r.rpush('c', '1')
          assert r.brpop('c', timeout=1) == (b'c', b'1')
  
      def test_brpoplpush(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2')
          r.rpush('b', '3', '4')
          assert r.brpoplpush('a', 'b') == b'2'
          assert r.brpoplpush('a', 'b') == b'1'
          assert r.brpoplpush('a', 'b', timeout=1) is None
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == []
          assert r.lrange('b', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'3', b'4']
  
      def test_brpoplpush_empty_string(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '')
          assert r.brpoplpush('a', 'b') == b''
  
      def test_lindex(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.lindex('a', '0') == b'1'
          assert r.lindex('a', '1') == b'2'
          assert r.lindex('a', '2') == b'3'
  
      def test_linsert(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.linsert('a', 'after', '2', '2.5') == 4
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'2.5', b'3']
          assert r.linsert('a', 'before', '2', '1.5') == 5
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == \
              [b'1', b'1.5', b'2', b'2.5', b'3']
  
      def test_llen(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.llen('a') == 3
  
      def test_lpop(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.lpop('a') == b'1'
          assert r.lpop('a') == b'2'
          assert r.lpop('a') == b'3'
          assert r.lpop('a') is None
  
      def test_lpush(self, r):
          assert r.lpush('a', '1') == 1
          assert r.lpush('a', '2') == 2
          assert r.lpush('a', '3', '4') == 4
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'4', b'3', b'2', b'1']
  
      def test_lpushx(self, r):
          assert r.lpushx('a', '1') == 0
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == []
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.lpushx('a', '4') == 4
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'4', b'1', b'2', b'3']
  
      def test_lrange(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5')
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, 2) == [b'1', b'2', b'3']
          assert r.lrange('a', 2, 10) == [b'3', b'4', b'5']
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'3', b'4', b'5']
  
      def test_lrem(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', 'Z', 'b', 'Z', 'Z', 'c', 'Z', 'Z')
          # remove the first 'Z'  item
          assert r.lrem('a', 1, 'Z') == 1
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'b', b'Z', b'Z', b'c', b'Z', b'Z']
          # remove the last 2 'Z' items
          assert r.lrem('a', -2, 'Z') == 2
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'b', b'Z', b'Z', b'c']
          # remove all 'Z' items
          assert r.lrem('a', 0, 'Z') == 2
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'b', b'c']
  
      def test_lset(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'3']
          assert r.lset('a', 1, '4')
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, 2) == [b'1', b'4', b'3']
  
      def test_ltrim(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.ltrim('a', 0, 1)
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2']
  
      def test_rpop(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.rpop('a') == b'3'
          assert r.rpop('a') == b'2'
          assert r.rpop('a') == b'1'
          assert r.rpop('a') is None
  
      def test_rpoplpush(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', 'a1', 'a2', 'a3')
          r.rpush('b', 'b1', 'b2', 'b3')
          assert r.rpoplpush('a', 'b') == b'a3'
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'a1', b'a2']
          assert r.lrange('b', 0, -1) == [b'a3', b'b1', b'b2', b'b3']
  
      def test_rpush(self, r):
          assert r.rpush('a', '1') == 1
          assert r.rpush('a', '2') == 2
          assert r.rpush('a', '3', '4') == 4
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'3', b'4']
  
      def test_rpushx(self, r):
          assert r.rpushx('a', 'b') == 0
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == []
          r.rpush('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.rpushx('a', '4') == 4
          assert r.lrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'3', b'4']
  
      # SCAN COMMANDS
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_scan(self, r):
          r.set('a', 1)
          r.set('b', 2)
          r.set('c', 3)
          cursor, keys = r.scan()
          assert cursor == 0
          assert set(keys) == {b'a', b'b', b'c'}
          _, keys = r.scan(match='a')
          assert set(keys) == {b'a'}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_scan_iter(self, r):
          r.set('a', 1)
          r.set('b', 2)
          r.set('c', 3)
          keys = list(r.scan_iter())
          assert set(keys) == {b'a', b'b', b'c'}
          keys = list(r.scan_iter(match='a'))
          assert set(keys) == {b'a'}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_sscan(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', 1, 2, 3)
          cursor, members = r.sscan('a')
          assert cursor == 0
          assert set(members) == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          _, members = r.sscan('a', match=b'1')
          assert set(members) == {b'1'}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_sscan_iter(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', 1, 2, 3)
          members = list(r.sscan_iter('a'))
          assert set(members) == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          members = list(r.sscan_iter('a', match=b'1'))
          assert set(members) == {b'1'}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_hscan(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
          cursor, dic = r.hscan('a')
          assert cursor == 0
          assert dic == {b'a': b'1', b'b': b'2', b'c': b'3'}
          _, dic = r.hscan('a', match='a')
          assert dic == {b'a': b'1'}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_hscan_iter(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
          dic = dict(r.hscan_iter('a'))
          assert dic == {b'a': b'1', b'b': b'2', b'c': b'3'}
          dic = dict(r.hscan_iter('a', match='a'))
          assert dic == {b'a': b'1'}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_zscan(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
          cursor, pairs = r.zscan('a')
          assert cursor == 0
          assert set(pairs) == {(b'a', 1), (b'b', 2), (b'c', 3)}
          _, pairs = r.zscan('a', match='a')
          assert set(pairs) == {(b'a', 1)}
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.0')
      def test_zscan_iter(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
          pairs = list(r.zscan_iter('a'))
          assert set(pairs) == {(b'a', 1), (b'b', 2), (b'c', 3)}
          pairs = list(r.zscan_iter('a', match='a'))
          assert set(pairs) == {(b'a', 1)}
  
      # SET COMMANDS
      def test_sadd(self, r):
          members = {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          r.sadd('a', *members)
          assert r.smembers('a') == members
  
      def test_scard(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.scard('a') == 3
  
      def test_sdiff(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.sdiff('a', 'b') == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          r.sadd('b', '2', '3')
          assert r.sdiff('a', 'b') == {b'1'}
  
      def test_sdiffstore(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.sdiffstore('c', 'a', 'b') == 3
          assert r.smembers('c') == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          r.sadd('b', '2', '3')
          assert r.sdiffstore('c', 'a', 'b') == 1
          assert r.smembers('c') == {b'1'}
  
      def test_sinter(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.sinter('a', 'b') == set()
          r.sadd('b', '2', '3')
          assert r.sinter('a', 'b') == {b'2', b'3'}
  
      def test_sinterstore(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.sinterstore('c', 'a', 'b') == 0
          assert r.smembers('c') == set()
          r.sadd('b', '2', '3')
          assert r.sinterstore('c', 'a', 'b') == 2
          assert r.smembers('c') == {b'2', b'3'}
  
      def test_sismember(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.sismember('a', '1')
          assert r.sismember('a', '2')
          assert r.sismember('a', '3')
          assert not r.sismember('a', '4')
  
      def test_smembers(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3')
          assert r.smembers('a') == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
  
      def test_smove(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', 'a1', 'a2')
          r.sadd('b', 'b1', 'b2')
          assert r.smove('a', 'b', 'a1')
          assert r.smembers('a') == {b'a2'}
          assert r.smembers('b') == {b'b1', b'b2', b'a1'}
  
      def test_spop(self, r):
          s = [b'1', b'2', b'3']
          r.sadd('a', *s)
          value = r.spop('a')
          assert value in s
          assert r.smembers('a') == set(s) - {value}
  
      def test_spop_multi_value(self, r):
          s = [b'1', b'2', b'3']
          r.sadd('a', *s)
          values = r.spop('a', 2)
          assert len(values) == 2
  
          for value in values:
              assert value in s
  
          assert r.spop('a', 1) == list(set(s) - set(values))
  
      def test_srandmember(self, r):
          s = [b'1', b'2', b'3']
          r.sadd('a', *s)
          assert r.srandmember('a') in s
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_srandmember_multi_value(self, r):
          s = [b'1', b'2', b'3']
          r.sadd('a', *s)
          randoms = r.srandmember('a', number=2)
          assert len(randoms) == 2
          assert set(randoms).intersection(s) == set(randoms)
  
      def test_srem(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2', '3', '4')
          assert r.srem('a', '5') == 0
          assert r.srem('a', '2', '4') == 2
          assert r.smembers('a') == {b'1', b'3'}
  
      def test_sunion(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2')
          r.sadd('b', '2', '3')
          assert r.sunion('a', 'b') == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
  
      def test_sunionstore(self, r):
          r.sadd('a', '1', '2')
          r.sadd('b', '2', '3')
          assert r.sunionstore('c', 'a', 'b') == 3
          assert r.smembers('c') == {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
  
      # SORTED SET COMMANDS
      def test_zadd(self, r):
          mapping = {'a1': 1.0, 'a2': 2.0, 'a3': 3.0}
          r.zadd('a', mapping)
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a1', 1.0), (b'a2', 2.0), (b'a3', 3.0)]
  
          # error cases
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.zadd('a', {})
  
          # cannot use both nx and xx options
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.zadd('a', mapping, nx=True, xx=True)
  
          # cannot use the incr options with more than one value
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.zadd('a', mapping, incr=True)
  
      def test_zadd_nx(self, r):
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1}) == 1
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 99, 'a2': 2}, nx=True) == 1
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a1', 1.0), (b'a2', 2.0)]
  
      def test_zadd_xx(self, r):
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1}) == 1
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 99, 'a2': 2}, xx=True) == 0
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a1', 99.0)]
  
      def test_zadd_ch(self, r):
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1}) == 1
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 99, 'a2': 2}, ch=True) == 2
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 2.0), (b'a1', 99.0)]
  
      def test_zadd_incr(self, r):
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1}) == 1
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 4.5}, incr=True) == 5.5
  
      def test_zadd_incr_with_xx(self, r):
          # this asks zadd to incr 'a1' only if it exists, but it clearly
          # doesn't. Redis returns a null value in this case and so should
          # redis-py
          assert r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1}, xx=True, incr=True) is None
  
      def test_zcard(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zcard('a') == 3
  
      def test_zcount(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zcount('a', '-inf', '+inf') == 3
          assert r.zcount('a', 1, 2) == 2
          assert r.zcount('a', '(' + str(1), 2) == 1
          assert r.zcount('a', 1, '(' + str(2)) == 1
          assert r.zcount('a', 10, 20) == 0
  
      def test_zincrby(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zincrby('a', 1, 'a2') == 3.0
          assert r.zincrby('a', 5, 'a3') == 8.0
          assert r.zscore('a', 'a2') == 3.0
          assert r.zscore('a', 'a3') == 8.0
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.9')
      def test_zlexcount(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a': 0, 'b': 0, 'c': 0, 'd': 0, 'e': 0, 'f': 0, 'g': 0})
          assert r.zlexcount('a', '-', '+') == 7
          assert r.zlexcount('a', '[b', '[f') == 5
  
      def test_zinterstore_sum(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 1, 'a3': 1})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 2})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zinterstore('d', ['a', 'b', 'c']) == 2
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a3', 8), (b'a1', 9)]
  
      def test_zinterstore_max(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 1, 'a3': 1})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 2})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zinterstore('d', ['a', 'b', 'c'], aggregate='MAX') == 2
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a3', 5), (b'a1', 6)]
  
      def test_zinterstore_min(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 3, 'a3': 5})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zinterstore('d', ['a', 'b', 'c'], aggregate='MIN') == 2
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a1', 1), (b'a3', 3)]
  
      def test_zinterstore_with_weight(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 1, 'a3': 1})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 2})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zinterstore('d', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}) == 2
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a3', 20), (b'a1', 23)]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.9.0')
      def test_zpopmax(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zpopmax('a') == [(b'a3', 3)]
  
          # with count
          assert r.zpopmax('a', count=2) == \
              [(b'a2', 2), (b'a1', 1)]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.9.0')
      def test_zpopmin(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zpopmin('a') == [(b'a1', 1)]
  
          # with count
          assert r.zpopmin('a', count=2) == \
              [(b'a2', 2), (b'a3', 3)]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.9.0')
      def test_bzpopmax(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2})
          r.zadd('b', {'b1': 10, 'b2': 20})
          assert r.bzpopmax(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'b2', 20)
          assert r.bzpopmax(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'b1', 10)
          assert r.bzpopmax(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'a2', 2)
          assert r.bzpopmax(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'a1', 1)
          assert r.bzpopmax(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) is None
          r.zadd('c', {'c1': 100})
          assert r.bzpopmax('c', timeout=1) == (b'c', b'c1', 100)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.9.0')
      def test_bzpopmin(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2})
          r.zadd('b', {'b1': 10, 'b2': 20})
          assert r.bzpopmin(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'b1', 10)
          assert r.bzpopmin(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'b', b'b2', 20)
          assert r.bzpopmin(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'a1', 1)
          assert r.bzpopmin(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) == (b'a', b'a2', 2)
          assert r.bzpopmin(['b', 'a'], timeout=1) is None
          r.zadd('c', {'c1': 100})
          assert r.bzpopmin('c', timeout=1) == (b'c', b'c1', 100)
  
      def test_zrange(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, 1) == [b'a1', b'a2']
          assert r.zrange('a', 1, 2) == [b'a2', b'a3']
  
          # withscores
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, 1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a1', 1.0), (b'a2', 2.0)]
          assert r.zrange('a', 1, 2, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 2.0), (b'a3', 3.0)]
  
          # custom score function
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, 1, withscores=True, score_cast_func=int) == \
              [(b'a1', 1), (b'a2', 2)]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.9')
      def test_zrangebylex(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a': 0, 'b': 0, 'c': 0, 'd': 0, 'e': 0, 'f': 0, 'g': 0})
          assert r.zrangebylex('a', '-', '[c') == [b'a', b'b', b'c']
          assert r.zrangebylex('a', '-', '(c') == [b'a', b'b']
          assert r.zrangebylex('a', '[aaa', '(g') == \
              [b'b', b'c', b'd', b'e', b'f']
          assert r.zrangebylex('a', '[f', '+') == [b'f', b'g']
          assert r.zrangebylex('a', '-', '+', start=3, num=2) == [b'd', b'e']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.9.9')
      def test_zrevrangebylex(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a': 0, 'b': 0, 'c': 0, 'd': 0, 'e': 0, 'f': 0, 'g': 0})
          assert r.zrevrangebylex('a', '[c', '-') == [b'c', b'b', b'a']
          assert r.zrevrangebylex('a', '(c', '-') == [b'b', b'a']
          assert r.zrevrangebylex('a', '(g', '[aaa') == \
              [b'f', b'e', b'd', b'c', b'b']
          assert r.zrevrangebylex('a', '+', '[f') == [b'g', b'f']
          assert r.zrevrangebylex('a', '+', '-', start=3, num=2) == \
              [b'd', b'c']
  
      def test_zrangebyscore(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3, 'a4': 4, 'a5': 5})
          assert r.zrangebyscore('a', 2, 4) == [b'a2', b'a3', b'a4']
  
          # slicing with start/num
          assert r.zrangebyscore('a', 2, 4, start=1, num=2) == \
              [b'a3', b'a4']
  
          # withscores
          assert r.zrangebyscore('a', 2, 4, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 2.0), (b'a3', 3.0), (b'a4', 4.0)]
  
          # custom score function
          assert r.zrangebyscore('a', 2, 4, withscores=True,
                                 score_cast_func=int) == \
              [(b'a2', 2), (b'a3', 3), (b'a4', 4)]
  
      def test_zrank(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3, 'a4': 4, 'a5': 5})
          assert r.zrank('a', 'a1') == 0
          assert r.zrank('a', 'a2') == 1
          assert r.zrank('a', 'a6') is None
  
      def test_zrem(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zrem('a', 'a2') == 1
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'a1', b'a3']
          assert r.zrem('a', 'b') == 0
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'a1', b'a3']
  
      def test_zrem_multiple_keys(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zrem('a', 'a1', 'a2') == 2
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, 5) == [b'a3']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.9')
      def test_zremrangebylex(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a': 0, 'b': 0, 'c': 0, 'd': 0, 'e': 0, 'f': 0, 'g': 0})
          assert r.zremrangebylex('a', '-', '[c') == 3
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'd', b'e', b'f', b'g']
          assert r.zremrangebylex('a', '[f', '+') == 2
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'd', b'e']
          assert r.zremrangebylex('a', '[h', '+') == 0
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'd', b'e']
  
      def test_zremrangebyrank(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3, 'a4': 4, 'a5': 5})
          assert r.zremrangebyrank('a', 1, 3) == 3
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, 5) == [b'a1', b'a5']
  
      def test_zremrangebyscore(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3, 'a4': 4, 'a5': 5})
          assert r.zremrangebyscore('a', 2, 4) == 3
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'a1', b'a5']
          assert r.zremrangebyscore('a', 2, 4) == 0
          assert r.zrange('a', 0, -1) == [b'a1', b'a5']
  
      def test_zrevrange(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zrevrange('a', 0, 1) == [b'a3', b'a2']
          assert r.zrevrange('a', 1, 2) == [b'a2', b'a1']
  
          # withscores
          assert r.zrevrange('a', 0, 1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a3', 3.0), (b'a2', 2.0)]
          assert r.zrevrange('a', 1, 2, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 2.0), (b'a1', 1.0)]
  
          # custom score function
          assert r.zrevrange('a', 0, 1, withscores=True,
                             score_cast_func=int) == \
              [(b'a3', 3.0), (b'a2', 2.0)]
  
      def test_zrevrangebyscore(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3, 'a4': 4, 'a5': 5})
          assert r.zrevrangebyscore('a', 4, 2) == [b'a4', b'a3', b'a2']
  
          # slicing with start/num
          assert r.zrevrangebyscore('a', 4, 2, start=1, num=2) == \
              [b'a3', b'a2']
  
          # withscores
          assert r.zrevrangebyscore('a', 4, 2, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a4', 4.0), (b'a3', 3.0), (b'a2', 2.0)]
  
          # custom score function
          assert r.zrevrangebyscore('a', 4, 2, withscores=True,
                                    score_cast_func=int) == \
              [(b'a4', 4), (b'a3', 3), (b'a2', 2)]
  
      def test_zrevrank(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3, 'a4': 4, 'a5': 5})
          assert r.zrevrank('a', 'a1') == 4
          assert r.zrevrank('a', 'a2') == 3
          assert r.zrevrank('a', 'a6') is None
  
      def test_zscore(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          assert r.zscore('a', 'a1') == 1.0
          assert r.zscore('a', 'a2') == 2.0
          assert r.zscore('a', 'a4') is None
  
      def test_zunionstore_sum(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 1, 'a3': 1})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 2})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zunionstore('d', ['a', 'b', 'c']) == 4
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 3), (b'a4', 4), (b'a3', 8), (b'a1', 9)]
  
      def test_zunionstore_max(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 1, 'a3': 1})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 2})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zunionstore('d', ['a', 'b', 'c'], aggregate='MAX') == 4
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 2), (b'a4', 4), (b'a3', 5), (b'a1', 6)]
  
      def test_zunionstore_min(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 3})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 4})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zunionstore('d', ['a', 'b', 'c'], aggregate='MIN') == 4
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a1', 1), (b'a2', 2), (b'a3', 3), (b'a4', 4)]
  
      def test_zunionstore_with_weight(self, r):
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': 1, 'a2': 1, 'a3': 1})
          r.zadd('b', {'a1': 2, 'a2': 2, 'a3': 2})
          r.zadd('c', {'a1': 6, 'a3': 5, 'a4': 4})
          assert r.zunionstore('d', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}) == 4
          assert r.zrange('d', 0, -1, withscores=True) == \
              [(b'a2', 5), (b'a4', 12), (b'a3', 20), (b'a1', 23)]
  
      # HYPERLOGLOG TESTS
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.9')
      def test_pfadd(self, r):
          members = {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          assert r.pfadd('a', *members) == 1
          assert r.pfadd('a', *members) == 0
          assert r.pfcount('a') == len(members)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.9')
      def test_pfcount(self, r):
          members = {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          r.pfadd('a', *members)
          assert r.pfcount('a') == len(members)
          members_b = {b'2', b'3', b'4'}
          r.pfadd('b', *members_b)
          assert r.pfcount('b') == len(members_b)
          assert r.pfcount('a', 'b') == len(members_b.union(members))
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.8.9')
      def test_pfmerge(self, r):
          mema = {b'1', b'2', b'3'}
          memb = {b'2', b'3', b'4'}
          memc = {b'5', b'6', b'7'}
          r.pfadd('a', *mema)
          r.pfadd('b', *memb)
          r.pfadd('c', *memc)
          r.pfmerge('d', 'c', 'a')
          assert r.pfcount('d') == 6
          r.pfmerge('d', 'b')
          assert r.pfcount('d') == 7
  
      # HASH COMMANDS
      def test_hget_and_hset(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3})
          assert r.hget('a', '1') == b'1'
          assert r.hget('a', '2') == b'2'
          assert r.hget('a', '3') == b'3'
  
          # field was updated, redis returns 0
          assert r.hset('a', '2', 5) == 0
          assert r.hget('a', '2') == b'5'
  
          # field is new, redis returns 1
          assert r.hset('a', '4', 4) == 1
          assert r.hget('a', '4') == b'4'
  
          # key inside of hash that doesn't exist returns null value
          assert r.hget('a', 'b') is None
  
      def test_hdel(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3})
          assert r.hdel('a', '2') == 1
          assert r.hget('a', '2') is None
          assert r.hdel('a', '1', '3') == 2
          assert r.hlen('a') == 0
  
      def test_hexists(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3})
          assert r.hexists('a', '1')
          assert not r.hexists('a', '4')
  
      def test_hgetall(self, r):
          h = {b'a1': b'1', b'a2': b'2', b'a3': b'3'}
          r.hmset('a', h)
          assert r.hgetall('a') == h
  
      def test_hincrby(self, r):
          assert r.hincrby('a', '1') == 1
          assert r.hincrby('a', '1', amount=2) == 3
          assert r.hincrby('a', '1', amount=-2) == 1
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('2.6.0')
      def test_hincrbyfloat(self, r):
          assert r.hincrbyfloat('a', '1') == 1.0
          assert r.hincrbyfloat('a', '1') == 2.0
          assert r.hincrbyfloat('a', '1', 1.2) == 3.2
  
      def test_hkeys(self, r):
          h = {b'a1': b'1', b'a2': b'2', b'a3': b'3'}
          r.hmset('a', h)
          local_keys = list(iterkeys(h))
          remote_keys = r.hkeys('a')
          assert (sorted(local_keys) == sorted(remote_keys))
  
      def test_hlen(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3})
          assert r.hlen('a') == 3
  
      def test_hmget(self, r):
          assert r.hmset('a', {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
          assert r.hmget('a', 'a', 'b', 'c') == [b'1', b'2', b'3']
  
      def test_hmset(self, r):
          h = {b'a': b'1', b'b': b'2', b'c': b'3'}
          assert r.hmset('a', h)
          assert r.hgetall('a') == h
  
      def test_hsetnx(self, r):
          # Initially set the hash field
          assert r.hsetnx('a', '1', 1)
          assert r.hget('a', '1') == b'1'
          assert not r.hsetnx('a', '1', 2)
          assert r.hget('a', '1') == b'1'
  
      def test_hvals(self, r):
          h = {b'a1': b'1', b'a2': b'2', b'a3': b'3'}
          r.hmset('a', h)
          local_vals = list(itervalues(h))
          remote_vals = r.hvals('a')
          assert sorted(local_vals) == sorted(remote_vals)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_hstrlen(self, r):
          r.hmset('a', {'1': '22', '2': '333'})
          assert r.hstrlen('a', '1') == 2
          assert r.hstrlen('a', '2') == 3
  
      # SORT
      def test_sort_basic(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '3', '2', '1', '4')
          assert r.sort('a') == [b'1', b'2', b'3', b'4']
  
      def test_sort_limited(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '3', '2', '1', '4')
          assert r.sort('a', start=1, num=2) == [b'2', b'3']
  
      def test_sort_by(self, r):
          r['score:1'] = 8
          r['score:2'] = 3
          r['score:3'] = 5
          r.rpush('a', '3', '2', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', by='score:*') == [b'2', b'3', b'1']
  
      def test_sort_get(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', get='user:*') == [b'u1', b'u2', b'u3']
  
      def test_sort_get_multi(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', get=('user:*', '#')) == \
              [b'u1', b'1', b'u2', b'2', b'u3', b'3']
  
      def test_sort_get_groups_two(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', get=('user:*', '#'), groups=True) == \
              [(b'u1', b'1'), (b'u2', b'2'), (b'u3', b'3')]
  
      def test_sort_groups_string_get(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.sort('a', get='user:*', groups=True)
  
      def test_sort_groups_just_one_get(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.sort('a', get=['user:*'], groups=True)
  
      def test_sort_groups_no_get(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.DataError):
              r.sort('a', groups=True)
  
      def test_sort_groups_three_gets(self, r):
          r['user:1'] = 'u1'
          r['user:2'] = 'u2'
          r['user:3'] = 'u3'
          r['door:1'] = 'd1'
          r['door:2'] = 'd2'
          r['door:3'] = 'd3'
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', get=('user:*', 'door:*', '#'), groups=True) == \
              [
                  (b'u1', b'd1', b'1'),
                  (b'u2', b'd2', b'2'),
                  (b'u3', b'd3', b'3')
          ]
  
      def test_sort_desc(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', desc=True) == [b'3', b'2', b'1']
  
      def test_sort_alpha(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', 'e', 'c', 'b', 'd', 'a')
          assert r.sort('a', alpha=True) == \
              [b'a', b'b', b'c', b'd', b'e']
  
      def test_sort_store(self, r):
          r.rpush('a', '2', '3', '1')
          assert r.sort('a', store='sorted_values') == 3
          assert r.lrange('sorted_values', 0, -1) == [b'1', b'2', b'3']
  
      def test_sort_all_options(self, r):
          r['user:1:username'] = 'zeus'
          r['user:2:username'] = 'titan'
          r['user:3:username'] = 'hermes'
          r['user:4:username'] = 'hercules'
          r['user:5:username'] = 'apollo'
          r['user:6:username'] = 'athena'
          r['user:7:username'] = 'hades'
          r['user:8:username'] = 'dionysus'
  
          r['user:1:favorite_drink'] = 'yuengling'
          r['user:2:favorite_drink'] = 'rum'
          r['user:3:favorite_drink'] = 'vodka'
          r['user:4:favorite_drink'] = 'milk'
          r['user:5:favorite_drink'] = 'pinot noir'
          r['user:6:favorite_drink'] = 'water'
          r['user:7:favorite_drink'] = 'gin'
          r['user:8:favorite_drink'] = 'apple juice'
  
          r.rpush('gods', '5', '8', '3', '1', '2', '7', '6', '4')
          num = r.sort('gods', start=2, num=4, by='user:*:username',
                       get='user:*:favorite_drink', desc=True, alpha=True,
                       store='sorted')
          assert num == 4
          assert r.lrange('sorted', 0, 10) == \
              [b'vodka', b'milk', b'gin', b'apple juice']
  
      def test_sort_issue_924(self, r):
          # Tests for issue https://github.com/andymccurdy/redis-py/issues/924
          r.execute_command('SADD', 'issue#924', 1)
          r.execute_command('SORT', 'issue#924')
  
      def test_cluster_addslots(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('ADDSLOTS', 1) is True
  
      def test_cluster_count_failure_reports(self, mock_cluster_resp_int):
          assert isinstance(mock_cluster_resp_int.cluster(
              'COUNT-FAILURE-REPORTS', 'node'), int)
  
      def test_cluster_countkeysinslot(self, mock_cluster_resp_int):
          assert isinstance(mock_cluster_resp_int.cluster(
              'COUNTKEYSINSLOT', 2), int)
  
      def test_cluster_delslots(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('DELSLOTS', 1) is True
  
      def test_cluster_failover(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('FAILOVER', 1) is True
  
      def test_cluster_forget(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('FORGET', 1) is True
  
      def test_cluster_info(self, mock_cluster_resp_info):
          assert isinstance(mock_cluster_resp_info.cluster('info'), dict)
  
      def test_cluster_keyslot(self, mock_cluster_resp_int):
          assert isinstance(mock_cluster_resp_int.cluster(
              'keyslot', 'asdf'), int)
  
      def test_cluster_meet(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('meet', 'ip', 'port', 1) is True
  
      def test_cluster_nodes(self, mock_cluster_resp_nodes):
          assert isinstance(mock_cluster_resp_nodes.cluster('nodes'), dict)
  
      def test_cluster_replicate(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('replicate', 'nodeid') is True
  
      def test_cluster_reset(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('reset', 'hard') is True
  
      def test_cluster_saveconfig(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('saveconfig') is True
  
      def test_cluster_setslot(self, mock_cluster_resp_ok):
          assert mock_cluster_resp_ok.cluster('setslot', 1,
                                              'IMPORTING', 'nodeid') is True
  
      def test_cluster_slaves(self, mock_cluster_resp_slaves):
          assert isinstance(mock_cluster_resp_slaves.cluster(
              'slaves', 'nodeid'), dict)
  
      # GEO COMMANDS
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geoadd(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          assert r.geoadd('barcelona', *values) == 2
          assert r.zcard('barcelona') == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geoadd_invalid_params(self, r):
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.RedisError):
              r.geoadd('barcelona', *(1, 2))
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geodist(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          assert r.geoadd('barcelona', *values) == 2
          assert r.geodist('barcelona', 'place1', 'place2') == 3067.4157
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geodist_units(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.geodist('barcelona', 'place1', 'place2', 'km') == 3.0674
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geodist_missing_one_member(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1')
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.geodist('barcelona', 'place1', 'missing_member', 'km') is None
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geodist_invalid_units(self, r):
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.RedisError):
              assert r.geodist('x', 'y', 'z', 'inches')
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geohash(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.geohash('barcelona', 'place1', 'place2') ==\
              ['sp3e9yg3kd0', 'sp3e9cbc3t0']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_geopos(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          # redis uses 52 bits precision, hereby small errors may be introduced.
          assert r.geopos('barcelona', 'place1', 'place2') ==\
              [(2.19093829393386841, 41.43379028184083523),
               (2.18737632036209106, 41.40634178640635099)]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.0.0')
      def test_geopos_no_value(self, r):
          assert r.geopos('barcelona', 'place1', 'place2') == [None, None]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      @skip_if_server_version_gte('4.0.0')
      def test_old_geopos_no_value(self, r):
          assert r.geopos('barcelona', 'place1', 'place2') == []
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, b'\x80place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1000) == [b'place1']
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.187, 41.406, 1000) == [b'\x80place2']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_no_values(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 1, 2, 1000) == []
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_units(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1, unit='km') ==\
              [b'place1']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_with(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
  
          # test a bunch of combinations to test the parse response
          # function.
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1, unit='km',
                             withdist=True, withcoord=True, withhash=True) ==\
              [[b'place1', 0.0881, 3471609698139488,
                (2.19093829393386841, 41.43379028184083523)]]
  
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1, unit='km',
                             withdist=True, withcoord=True) ==\
              [[b'place1', 0.0881,
                (2.19093829393386841, 41.43379028184083523)]]
  
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1, unit='km',
                             withhash=True, withcoord=True) ==\
              [[b'place1', 3471609698139488,
                (2.19093829393386841, 41.43379028184083523)]]
  
          # test no values.
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2, 1, 1, unit='km',
                             withdist=True, withcoord=True, withhash=True) == []
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_count(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 3000, count=1) ==\
              [b'place1']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_sort(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 3000, sort='ASC') ==\
              [b'place1', b'place2']
          assert r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 3000, sort='DESC') ==\
              [b'place2', b'place1']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_store(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1000, store='places_barcelona')
          assert r.zrange('places_barcelona', 0, -1) == [b'place1']
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadius_store_dist(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, 'place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          r.georadius('barcelona', 2.191, 41.433, 1000,
                      store_dist='places_barcelona')
          # instead of save the geo score, the distance is saved.
          assert r.zscore('places_barcelona', 'place1') == 88.05060698409301
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('3.2.0')
      def test_georadiusmember(self, r):
          values = (2.1909389952632, 41.433791470673, 'place1') +\
                   (2.1873744593677, 41.406342043777, b'\x80place2')
  
          r.geoadd('barcelona', *values)
          assert r.georadiusbymember('barcelona', 'place1', 4000) ==\
              [b'\x80place2', b'place1']
          assert r.georadiusbymember('barcelona', 'place1', 10) == [b'place1']
  
          assert r.georadiusbymember('barcelona', 'place1', 4000,
                                     withdist=True, withcoord=True,
                                     withhash=True) ==\
              [[b'\x80place2', 3067.4157, 3471609625421029,
                  (2.187376320362091, 41.40634178640635)],
               [b'place1', 0.0, 3471609698139488,
                   (2.1909382939338684, 41.433790281840835)]]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xack(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer = 'consumer'
          # xack on a stream that doesn't exist
          assert r.xack(stream, group, '0-0') == 0
  
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'one': 'one'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'two': 'two'})
          m3 = r.xadd(stream, {'three': 'three'})
  
          # xack on a group that doesn't exist
          assert r.xack(stream, group, m1) == 0
  
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer, streams={stream: '>'})
          # xack returns the number of ack'd elements
          assert r.xack(stream, group, m1) == 1
          assert r.xack(stream, group, m2, m3) == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xadd(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          message_id = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          assert re.match(br'[0-9]+\-[0-9]+', message_id)
  
          # explicit message id
          message_id = b'9999999999999999999-0'
          assert message_id == r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'}, id=message_id)
  
          # with maxlen, the list evicts the first message
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'}, maxlen=2, approximate=False)
          assert r.xlen(stream) == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xclaim(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer1 = 'consumer1'
          consumer2 = 'consumer2'
  
          message_id = r.xadd(stream, {'john': 'wick'})
          message = get_stream_message(r, stream, message_id)
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          # trying to claim a message that isn't already pending doesn't
          # do anything
          response = r.xclaim(stream, group, consumer2,
                              min_idle_time=0, message_ids=(message_id,))
          assert response == []
  
          # read the group as consumer1 to initially claim the messages
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer1, streams={stream: '>'})
  
          # claim the message as consumer2
          response = r.xclaim(stream, group, consumer2,
                              min_idle_time=0, message_ids=(message_id,))
          assert response[0] == message
  
          # reclaim the message as consumer1, but use the justid argument
          # which only returns message ids
          assert r.xclaim(stream, group, consumer1,
                          min_idle_time=0, message_ids=(message_id,),
                          justid=True) == [message_id]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xdel(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
  
          # deleting from an empty stream doesn't do anything
          assert r.xdel(stream, 1) == 0
  
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m3 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          # xdel returns the number of deleted elements
          assert r.xdel(stream, m1) == 1
          assert r.xdel(stream, m2, m3) == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xgroup_create(self, r):
          # tests xgroup_create and xinfo_groups
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          # no group is setup yet, no info to obtain
          assert r.xinfo_groups(stream) == []
  
          assert r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
          expected = [{
              'name': group.encode(),
              'consumers': 0,
              'pending': 0,
              'last-delivered-id': b'0-0'
          }]
          assert r.xinfo_groups(stream) == expected
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xgroup_create_mkstream(self, r):
          # tests xgroup_create and xinfo_groups
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
  
          # an error is raised if a group is created on a stream that
          # doesn't already exist
          with pytest.raises(exceptions.ResponseError):
              r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          # however, with mkstream=True, the underlying stream is created
          # automatically
          assert r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0, mkstream=True)
          expected = [{
              'name': group.encode(),
              'consumers': 0,
              'pending': 0,
              'last-delivered-id': b'0-0'
          }]
          assert r.xinfo_groups(stream) == expected
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xgroup_delconsumer(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer = 'consumer'
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          # a consumer that hasn't yet read any messages doesn't do anything
          assert r.xgroup_delconsumer(stream, group, consumer) == 0
  
          # read all messages from the group
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer, streams={stream: '>'})
  
          # deleting the consumer should return 2 pending messages
          assert r.xgroup_delconsumer(stream, group, consumer) == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xgroup_destroy(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          # destroying a nonexistent group returns False
          assert not r.xgroup_destroy(stream, group)
  
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
          assert r.xgroup_destroy(stream, group)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xgroup_setid(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          message_id = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
          # advance the last_delivered_id to the message_id
          r.xgroup_setid(stream, group, message_id)
          expected = [{
              'name': group.encode(),
              'consumers': 0,
              'pending': 0,
              'last-delivered-id': message_id
          }]
          assert r.xinfo_groups(stream) == expected
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xinfo_consumers(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer1 = 'consumer1'
          consumer2 = 'consumer2'
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer1, streams={stream: '>'}, count=1)
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer2, streams={stream: '>'})
          info = r.xinfo_consumers(stream, group)
          assert len(info) == 2
          expected = [
              {'name': consumer1.encode(), 'pending': 1},
              {'name': consumer2.encode(), 'pending': 2},
          ]
  
          # we can't determine the idle time, so just make sure it's an int
          assert isinstance(info[0].pop('idle'), (int, long))
          assert isinstance(info[1].pop('idle'), (int, long))
          assert info == expected
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xinfo_stream(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          info = r.xinfo_stream(stream)
  
          assert info['length'] == 2
          assert info['first-entry'] == get_stream_message(r, stream, m1)
          assert info['last-entry'] == get_stream_message(r, stream, m2)
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xlen(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          assert r.xlen(stream) == 0
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          assert r.xlen(stream) == 2
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xpending(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer1 = 'consumer1'
          consumer2 = 'consumer2'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          # xpending on a group that has no consumers yet
          expected = {
              'pending': 0,
              'min': None,
              'max': None,
              'consumers': []
          }
          assert r.xpending(stream, group) == expected
  
          # read 1 message from the group with each consumer
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer1, streams={stream: '>'}, count=1)
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer2, streams={stream: '>'}, count=1)
  
          expected = {
              'pending': 2,
              'min': m1,
              'max': m2,
              'consumers': [
                  {'name': consumer1.encode(), 'pending': 1},
                  {'name': consumer2.encode(), 'pending': 1},
              ]
          }
          assert r.xpending(stream, group) == expected
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xpending_range(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer1 = 'consumer1'
          consumer2 = 'consumer2'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          # xpending range on a group that has no consumers yet
          assert r.xpending_range(stream, group, min='-', max='+', count=5) == []
  
          # read 1 message from the group with each consumer
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer1, streams={stream: '>'}, count=1)
          r.xreadgroup(group, consumer2, streams={stream: '>'}, count=1)
  
          response = r.xpending_range(stream, group,
                                      min='-', max='+', count=5)
          assert len(response) == 2
          assert response[0]['message_id'] == m1
          assert response[0]['consumer'] == consumer1.encode()
          assert response[1]['message_id'] == m2
          assert response[1]['consumer'] == consumer2.encode()
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xrange(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m3 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m4 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          def get_ids(results):
              return [result[0] for result in results]
  
          results = r.xrange(stream, min=m1)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m1, m2, m3, m4]
  
          results = r.xrange(stream, min=m2, max=m3)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m2, m3]
  
          results = r.xrange(stream, max=m3)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m1, m2, m3]
  
          results = r.xrange(stream, max=m2, count=1)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m1]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xread(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'bing': 'baz'})
  
          expected = [
              [
                  stream.encode(),
                  [
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m1),
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m2),
                  ]
              ]
          ]
          # xread starting at 0 returns both messages
          assert r.xread(streams={stream: 0}) == expected
  
          expected = [
              [
                  stream.encode(),
                  [
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m1),
                  ]
              ]
          ]
          # xread starting at 0 and count=1 returns only the first message
          assert r.xread(streams={stream: 0}, count=1) == expected
  
          expected = [
              [
                  stream.encode(),
                  [
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m2),
                  ]
              ]
          ]
          # xread starting at m1 returns only the second message
          assert r.xread(streams={stream: m1}) == expected
  
          # xread starting at the last message returns an empty list
          assert r.xread(streams={stream: m2}) == []
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xreadgroup(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          group = 'group'
          consumer = 'consumer'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'bing': 'baz'})
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          expected = [
              [
                  stream.encode(),
                  [
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m1),
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m2),
                  ]
              ]
          ]
          # xread starting at 0 returns both messages
          assert r.xreadgroup(group, consumer, streams={stream: '>'}) == expected
  
          r.xgroup_destroy(stream, group)
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, 0)
  
          expected = [
              [
                  stream.encode(),
                  [
                      get_stream_message(r, stream, m1),
                  ]
              ]
          ]
          # xread with count=1 returns only the first message
          assert r.xreadgroup(group, consumer,
                              streams={stream: '>'}, count=1) == expected
  
          r.xgroup_destroy(stream, group)
  
          # create the group using $ as the last id meaning subsequent reads
          # will only find messages added after this
          r.xgroup_create(stream, group, '$')
  
          expected = []
          # xread starting after the last message returns an empty message list
          assert r.xreadgroup(group, consumer, streams={stream: '>'}) == expected
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xrevrange(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
          m1 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m2 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m3 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          m4 = r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          def get_ids(results):
              return [result[0] for result in results]
  
          results = r.xrevrange(stream, max=m4)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m4, m3, m2, m1]
  
          results = r.xrevrange(stream, max=m3, min=m2)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m3, m2]
  
          results = r.xrevrange(stream, min=m3)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m4, m3]
  
          results = r.xrevrange(stream, min=m2, count=1)
          assert get_ids(results) == [m4]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('5.0.0')
      def test_xtrim(self, r):
          stream = 'stream'
  
          # trimming an empty key doesn't do anything
          assert r.xtrim(stream, 1000) == 0
  
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
          r.xadd(stream, {'foo': 'bar'})
  
          # trimming an amount large than the number of messages
          # doesn't do anything
          assert r.xtrim(stream, 5, approximate=False) == 0
  
          # 1 message is trimmed
          assert r.xtrim(stream, 3, approximate=False) == 1
  
      def test_bitfield_operations(self, r):
          # comments show affected bits
          bf = r.bitfield('a')
          resp = (bf
                  .set('u8', 8, 255)     # 00000000 11111111
                  .get('u8', 0)          # 00000000
                  .get('u4', 8)                   # 1111
                  .get('u4', 12)                      # 1111
                  .get('u4', 13)                       # 111 0
                  .execute())
          assert resp == [0, 0, 15, 15, 14]
  
          # .set() returns the previous value...
          resp = (bf
                  .set('u8', 4, 1)           # 0000 0001
                  .get('u16', 0)         # 00000000 00011111
                  .set('u16', 0, 0)      # 00000000 00000000
                  .execute())
          assert resp == [15, 31, 31]
  
          # incrby adds to the value
          resp = (bf
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 254)  # 00000000 11111110
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1)    # 00000000 11111111
                  .get('u16', 0)         # 00000000 11111111
                  .execute())
          assert resp == [254, 255, 255]
  
          # Verify overflow protection works as a method:
          r.delete('a')
          resp = (bf
                  .set('u8', 8, 254)     # 00000000 11111110
                  .overflow('fail')
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 2)    # incrby 2 would overflow, None returned
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1)    # 00000000 11111111
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1)    # incrby 1 would overflow, None returned
                  .get('u16', 0)         # 00000000 11111111
                  .execute())
          assert resp == [0, None, 255, None, 255]
  
          # Verify overflow protection works as arg to incrby:
          r.delete('a')
          resp = (bf
                  .set('u8', 8, 255)           # 00000000 11111111
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1)          # 00000000 00000000  wrap default
                  .set('u8', 8, 255)           # 00000000 11111111
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1, 'FAIL')  # 00000000 11111111  fail
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1)          # 00000000 11111111  still fail
                  .get('u16', 0)               # 00000000 11111111
                  .execute())
          assert resp == [0, 0, 0, None, None, 255]
  
          # test default default_overflow
          r.delete('a')
          bf = r.bitfield('a', default_overflow='FAIL')
          resp = (bf
                  .set('u8', 8, 255)     # 00000000 11111111
                  .incrby('u8', 8, 1)    # 00000000 11111111  fail default
                  .get('u16', 0)         # 00000000 11111111
                  .execute())
          assert resp == [0, None, 255]
  
      @skip_if_server_version_lt('4.0.0')
      def test_memory_usage(self, r):
          r.set('foo', 'bar')
          assert isinstance(r.memory_usage('foo'), int)
  
  
  class TestBinarySave(object):
  
      def test_binary_get_set(self, r):
          assert r.set(' foo bar ', '123')
          assert r.get(' foo bar ') == b'123'
  
          assert r.set(' foo\r\nbar\r\n ', '456')
          assert r.get(' foo\r\nbar\r\n ') == b'456'
  
          assert r.set(' \r\n\t\x07\x13 ', '789')
          assert r.get(' \r\n\t\x07\x13 ') == b'789'
  
          assert sorted(r.keys('*')) == \
              [b' \r\n\t\x07\x13 ', b' foo\r\nbar\r\n ', b' foo bar ']
  
          assert r.delete(' foo bar ')
          assert r.delete(' foo\r\nbar\r\n ')
          assert r.delete(' \r\n\t\x07\x13 ')
  
      def test_binary_lists(self, r):
          mapping = {
              b'foo bar': [b'1', b'2', b'3'],
              b'foo\r\nbar\r\n': [b'4', b'5', b'6'],
              b'foo\tbar\x07': [b'7', b'8', b'9'],
          }
          # fill in lists
          for key, value in iteritems(mapping):
              r.rpush(key, *value)
  
          # check that KEYS returns all the keys as they are
          assert sorted(r.keys('*')) == sorted(list(iterkeys(mapping)))
  
          # check that it is possible to get list content by key name
          for key, value in iteritems(mapping):
              assert r.lrange(key, 0, -1) == value
  
      def test_22_info(self, r):
          """
          Older Redis versions contained 'allocation_stats' in INFO that
          was the cause of a number of bugs when parsing.
          """
          info = "allocation_stats:6=1,7=1,8=7141,9=180,10=92,11=116,12=5330," \
                 "13=123,14=3091,15=11048,16=225842,17=1784,18=814,19=12020," \
                 "20=2530,21=645,22=15113,23=8695,24=142860,25=318,26=3303," \
                 "27=20561,28=54042,29=37390,30=1884,31=18071,32=31367,33=160," \
                 "34=169,35=201,36=10155,37=1045,38=15078,39=22985,40=12523," \
                 "41=15588,42=265,43=1287,44=142,45=382,46=945,47=426,48=171," \
                 "49=56,50=516,51=43,52=41,53=46,54=54,55=75,56=647,57=332," \
                 "58=32,59=39,60=48,61=35,62=62,63=32,64=221,65=26,66=30," \
                 "67=36,68=41,69=44,70=26,71=144,72=169,73=24,74=37,75=25," \
                 "76=42,77=21,78=126,79=374,80=27,81=40,82=43,83=47,84=46," \
                 "85=114,86=34,87=37,88=7240,89=34,90=38,91=18,92=99,93=20," \
                 "94=18,95=17,96=15,97=22,98=18,99=69,100=17,101=22,102=15," \
                 "103=29,104=39,105=30,106=70,107=22,108=21,109=26,110=52," \
                 "111=45,112=33,113=67,114=41,115=44,116=48,117=53,118=54," \
                 "119=51,120=75,121=44,122=57,123=44,124=66,125=56,126=52," \
                 "127=81,128=108,129=70,130=50,131=51,132=53,133=45,134=62," \
                 "135=12,136=13,137=7,138=15,139=21,140=11,141=20,142=6,143=7," \
                 "144=11,145=6,146=16,147=19,148=1112,149=1,151=83,154=1," \
                 "155=1,156=1,157=1,160=1,161=1,162=2,166=1,169=1,170=1,171=2," \
                 "172=1,174=1,176=2,177=9,178=34,179=73,180=30,181=1,185=3," \
                 "187=1,188=1,189=1,192=1,196=1,198=1,200=1,201=1,204=1,205=1," \
                 "207=1,208=1,209=1,214=2,215=31,216=78,217=28,218=5,219=2," \
                 "220=1,222=1,225=1,227=1,234=1,242=1,250=1,252=1,253=1," \
                 ">=256=203"
          parsed = parse_info(info)
          assert 'allocation_stats' in parsed
          assert '6' in parsed['allocation_stats']
          assert '>=256' in parsed['allocation_stats']
  
      def test_large_responses(self, r):
          "The PythonParser has some special cases for return values > 1MB"
          # load up 5MB of data into a key
          data = ''.join([ascii_letters] * (5000000 // len(ascii_letters)))
          r['a'] = data
          assert r['a'] == data.encode()
  
      def test_floating_point_encoding(self, r):
          """
          High precision floating point values sent to the server should keep
          precision.
          """
          timestamp = 1349673917.939762
          r.zadd('a', {'a1': timestamp})
          assert r.zscore('a', 'a1') == timestamp
  