text: //===--- CGExpr.cpp - Emit LLVM Code from Expressions ---------------------===//
  //
  //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
  //
  // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
  // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
  //
  //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  //
  // This contains code to emit Expr nodes as LLVM code.
  //
  //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  
  #include "CodeGenFunction.h"
  #include "CGCXXABI.h"
  #include "CGCall.h"
  #include "CGDebugInfo.h"
  #include "CGObjCRuntime.h"
  #include "CGOpenMPRuntime.h"
  #include "CGHLSLRuntime.h"    // HLSL Change
  #include "dxc/HLSL/HLOperations.h" // HLSL Change
  #include "dxc/DXIL/DxilUtil.h" // HLSL Change
  #include "dxc/DXIL/DxilResource.h" // HLSL Change
  #include "CGRecordLayout.h"
  #include "CodeGenModule.h"
  #include "TargetInfo.h"
  #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
  #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
  #include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
  #include "clang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h"
  #include "llvm/ADT/Hashing.h"
  #include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
  #include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
  #include "llvm/IR/Intrinsics.h"
  #include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
  #include "llvm/IR/MDBuilder.h"
  #include "llvm/Support/ConvertUTF.h"
  #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
  
  using namespace clang;
  using namespace CodeGen;
  
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  //                        Miscellaneous Helper Methods
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitCastToVoidPtr(llvm::Value *value) {
    unsigned addressSpace =
      cast<llvm::PointerType>(value->getType())->getAddressSpace();
  
    llvm::PointerType *destType = Int8PtrTy;
    if (addressSpace)
      destType = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(getLLVMContext(), addressSpace);
  
    if (value->getType() == destType) return value;
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(value, destType);
  }
  
  /// CreateTempAlloca - This creates a alloca and inserts it into the entry
  /// block.
  llvm::AllocaInst *CodeGenFunction::CreateTempAlloca(llvm::Type *Ty,
                                                      const Twine &Name) {
    if (!Builder.isNamePreserving())
      return new llvm::AllocaInst(Ty, nullptr, "", AllocaInsertPt);
    return new llvm::AllocaInst(Ty, nullptr, Name, AllocaInsertPt);
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::InitTempAlloca(llvm::AllocaInst *Var,
                                       llvm::Value *Init) {
    auto *Store = new llvm::StoreInst(Init, Var);
    llvm::BasicBlock *Block = AllocaInsertPt->getParent();
    Block->getInstList().insertAfter(&*AllocaInsertPt, Store);
  }
  
  llvm::AllocaInst *CodeGenFunction::CreateIRTemp(QualType Ty,
                                                  const Twine &Name) {
    llvm::AllocaInst *Alloc = CreateTempAlloca(ConvertType(Ty), Name);
    // FIXME: Should we prefer the preferred type alignment here?
    CharUnits Align = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(Ty);
    Alloc->setAlignment(Align.getQuantity());
    return Alloc;
  }
  
  llvm::AllocaInst *CodeGenFunction::CreateMemTemp(QualType Ty,
                                                   const Twine &Name) {
    llvm::AllocaInst *Alloc = CreateTempAlloca(ConvertTypeForMem(Ty), Name);
    // FIXME: Should we prefer the preferred type alignment here?
    CharUnits Align = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(Ty);
    Alloc->setAlignment(Align.getQuantity());
    return Alloc;
  }
  
  /// EvaluateExprAsBool - Perform the usual unary conversions on the specified
  /// expression and compare the result against zero, returning an Int1Ty value.
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EvaluateExprAsBool(const Expr *E) {
    PGO.setCurrentStmt(E);
    if (const MemberPointerType *MPT = E->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>()) {
      llvm::Value *MemPtr = EmitScalarExpr(E);
      return CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberPointerIsNotNull(*this, MemPtr, MPT);
    }
  
    QualType BoolTy = getContext().BoolTy;
    if (!E->getType()->isAnyComplexType())
      return EmitScalarConversion(EmitScalarExpr(E), E->getType(), BoolTy);
  
    return EmitComplexToScalarConversion(EmitComplexExpr(E), E->getType(),BoolTy);
  }
  
  /// EmitIgnoredExpr - Emit code to compute the specified expression,
  /// ignoring the result.
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitIgnoredExpr(const Expr *E) {
    if (E->isRValue())
      return (void) EmitAnyExpr(E, AggValueSlot::ignored(), true);
  
    // Just emit it as an l-value and drop the result.
    EmitLValue(E);
  }
  
  /// EmitAnyExpr - Emit code to compute the specified expression which
  /// can have any type.  The result is returned as an RValue struct.
  /// If this is an aggregate expression, AggSlot indicates where the
  /// result should be returned.
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitAnyExpr(const Expr *E,
                                      AggValueSlot aggSlot,
                                      bool ignoreResult) {
    switch (getEvaluationKind(E->getType())) {
    case TEK_Scalar:
      return RValue::get(EmitScalarExpr(E, ignoreResult));
    case TEK_Complex:
      return RValue::getComplex(EmitComplexExpr(E, ignoreResult, ignoreResult));
    case TEK_Aggregate:
      if (!ignoreResult && aggSlot.isIgnored())
        aggSlot = CreateAggTemp(E->getType(), "agg-temp");
      EmitAggExpr(E, aggSlot);
      return aggSlot.asRValue();
    }
    llvm_unreachable("bad evaluation kind");
  }
  
  /// EmitAnyExprToTemp - Similary to EmitAnyExpr(), however, the result will
  /// always be accessible even if no aggregate location is provided.
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitAnyExprToTemp(const Expr *E) {
    AggValueSlot AggSlot = AggValueSlot::ignored();
  
    if (hasAggregateEvaluationKind(E->getType()))
      AggSlot = CreateAggTemp(E->getType(), "agg.tmp");
    return EmitAnyExpr(E, AggSlot);
  }
  
  /// EmitAnyExprToMem - Evaluate an expression into a given memory
  /// location.
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitAnyExprToMem(const Expr *E,
                                         llvm::Value *Location,
                                         Qualifiers Quals,
                                         bool IsInit) {
    // FIXME: This function should take an LValue as an argument.
    switch (getEvaluationKind(E->getType())) {
    case TEK_Complex:
      EmitComplexExprIntoLValue(E,
                           MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(Location, E->getType()),
                                /*isInit*/ false);
      return;
  
    case TEK_Aggregate: {
      CharUnits Alignment = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(E->getType());
      EmitAggExpr(E, AggValueSlot::forAddr(Location, Alignment, Quals,
                                           AggValueSlot::IsDestructed_t(IsInit),
                                           AggValueSlot::DoesNotNeedGCBarriers,
                                           AggValueSlot::IsAliased_t(!IsInit)));
      return;
    }
  
    case TEK_Scalar: {
      RValue RV = RValue::get(EmitScalarExpr(E, /*Ignore*/ false));
      LValue LV = MakeAddrLValue(Location, E->getType());
      EmitStoreThroughLValue(RV, LV);
      return;
    }
    }
    llvm_unreachable("bad evaluation kind");
  }
  
  static void
  pushTemporaryCleanup(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M,
                       const Expr *E, llvm::Value *ReferenceTemporary) {
    // Objective-C++ ARC:
    //   If we are binding a reference to a temporary that has ownership, we
    //   need to perform retain/release operations on the temporary.
    //
    // FIXME: This should be looking at E, not M.
    if (CGF.getLangOpts().ObjCAutoRefCount &&
        M->getType()->isObjCLifetimeType()) {
      QualType ObjCARCReferenceLifetimeType = M->getType();
      switch (Qualifiers::ObjCLifetime Lifetime =
                  ObjCARCReferenceLifetimeType.getObjCLifetime()) {
      case Qualifiers::OCL_None:
      case Qualifiers::OCL_ExplicitNone:
        // Carry on to normal cleanup handling.
        break;
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Autoreleasing:
        // Nothing to do; cleaned up by an autorelease pool.
        return;
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Strong:
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Weak:
        switch (StorageDuration Duration = M->getStorageDuration()) {
        case SD_Static:
          // Note: we intentionally do not register a cleanup to release
          // the object on program termination.
          return;
  
        case SD_Thread:
          // FIXME: We should probably register a cleanup in this case.
          return;
  
        case SD_Automatic:
        case SD_FullExpression:
          CodeGenFunction::Destroyer *Destroy;
          CleanupKind CleanupKind;
          if (Lifetime == Qualifiers::OCL_Strong) {
            const ValueDecl *VD = M->getExtendingDecl();
            bool Precise =
                VD && isa<VarDecl>(VD) && VD->hasAttr<ObjCPreciseLifetimeAttr>();
            CleanupKind = CGF.getARCCleanupKind();
            Destroy = Precise ? &CodeGenFunction::destroyARCStrongPrecise
                              : &CodeGenFunction::destroyARCStrongImprecise;
          } else {
            // __weak objects always get EH cleanups; otherwise, exceptions
            // could cause really nasty crashes instead of mere leaks.
            CleanupKind = NormalAndEHCleanup;
            Destroy = &CodeGenFunction::destroyARCWeak;
          }
          if (Duration == SD_FullExpression)
            CGF.pushDestroy(CleanupKind, ReferenceTemporary,
                            ObjCARCReferenceLifetimeType, *Destroy,
                            CleanupKind & EHCleanup);
          else
            CGF.pushLifetimeExtendedDestroy(CleanupKind, ReferenceTemporary,
                                            ObjCARCReferenceLifetimeType,
                                            *Destroy, CleanupKind & EHCleanup);
          return;
  
        case SD_Dynamic:
          llvm_unreachable("temporary cannot have dynamic storage duration");
        }
        llvm_unreachable("unknown storage duration");
      }
    }
  
    CXXDestructorDecl *ReferenceTemporaryDtor = nullptr;
    if (const RecordType *RT =
            E->getType()->getBaseElementTypeUnsafe()->getAs<RecordType>()) {
      // Get the destructor for the reference temporary.
      auto *ClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl());
      if (!ClassDecl->hasTrivialDestructor())
        ReferenceTemporaryDtor = ClassDecl->getDestructor();
    }
  
    if (!ReferenceTemporaryDtor)
      return;
  
    // Call the destructor for the temporary.
    switch (M->getStorageDuration()) {
    case SD_Static:
    case SD_Thread: {
      llvm::Constant *CleanupFn;
      llvm::Constant *CleanupArg;
      if (E->getType()->isArrayType()) {
        CleanupFn = CodeGenFunction(CGF.CGM).generateDestroyHelper(
            cast<llvm::Constant>(ReferenceTemporary), E->getType(),
            CodeGenFunction::destroyCXXObject, CGF.getLangOpts().Exceptions,
            dyn_cast_or_null<VarDecl>(M->getExtendingDecl()));
        CleanupArg = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(CGF.Int8PtrTy);
      } else {
        CleanupFn = CGF.CGM.getAddrOfCXXStructor(ReferenceTemporaryDtor,
                                                 StructorType::Complete);
        CleanupArg = cast<llvm::Constant>(ReferenceTemporary);
      }
      CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().registerGlobalDtor(
          CGF, *cast<VarDecl>(M->getExtendingDecl()), CleanupFn, CleanupArg);
      break;
    }
  
    case SD_FullExpression:
      CGF.pushDestroy(NormalAndEHCleanup, ReferenceTemporary, E->getType(),
                      CodeGenFunction::destroyCXXObject,
                      CGF.getLangOpts().Exceptions);
      break;
  
    case SD_Automatic:
      CGF.pushLifetimeExtendedDestroy(NormalAndEHCleanup,
                                      ReferenceTemporary, E->getType(),
                                      CodeGenFunction::destroyCXXObject,
                                      CGF.getLangOpts().Exceptions);
      break;
  
    case SD_Dynamic:
      llvm_unreachable("temporary cannot have dynamic storage duration");
    }
  }
  
  static llvm::Value *
  createReferenceTemporary(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                           const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M, const Expr *Inner) {
    switch (M->getStorageDuration()) {
    case SD_FullExpression:
    case SD_Automatic: {
      // If we have a constant temporary array or record try to promote it into a
      // constant global under the same rules a normal constant would've been
      // promoted. This is easier on the optimizer and generally emits fewer
      // instructions.
      QualType Ty = Inner->getType();
      if (CGF.CGM.getCodeGenOpts().MergeAllConstants &&
          (Ty->isArrayType() || Ty->isRecordType()) &&
          CGF.CGM.isTypeConstant(Ty, true))
        if (llvm::Constant *Init = CGF.CGM.EmitConstantExpr(Inner, Ty, &CGF)) {
          auto *GV = new llvm::GlobalVariable(
              CGF.CGM.getModule(), Init->getType(), /*isConstant=*/true,
              llvm::GlobalValue::PrivateLinkage, Init, ".ref.tmp");
          GV->setAlignment(
              CGF.getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(Ty).getQuantity());
          // FIXME: Should we put the new global into a COMDAT?
          return GV;
        }
      return CGF.CreateMemTemp(Ty, "ref.tmp");
    }
    case SD_Thread:
    case SD_Static:
      return CGF.CGM.GetAddrOfGlobalTemporary(M, Inner);
  
    case SD_Dynamic:
      llvm_unreachable("temporary can't have dynamic storage duration");
    }
    llvm_unreachable("unknown storage duration");
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::
  EmitMaterializeTemporaryExpr(const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *M) {
    const Expr *E = M->GetTemporaryExpr();
  
      // FIXME: ideally this would use EmitAnyExprToMem, however, we cannot do so
      // as that will cause the lifetime adjustment to be lost for ARC
    if (getLangOpts().ObjCAutoRefCount &&
        M->getType()->isObjCLifetimeType() &&
        M->getType().getObjCLifetime() != Qualifiers::OCL_None &&
        M->getType().getObjCLifetime() != Qualifiers::OCL_ExplicitNone) {
      llvm::Value *Object = createReferenceTemporary(*this, M, E);
      if (auto *Var = dyn_cast<llvm::GlobalVariable>(Object)) {
        Object = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(
            Var, ConvertTypeForMem(E->getType())->getPointerTo());
        // We should not have emitted the initializer for this temporary as a
        // constant.
        assert(!Var->hasInitializer());
        Var->setInitializer(CGM.EmitNullConstant(E->getType()));
      }
      LValue RefTempDst = MakeAddrLValue(Object, M->getType());
  
      switch (getEvaluationKind(E->getType())) {
      default: llvm_unreachable("expected scalar or aggregate expression");
      case TEK_Scalar:
        EmitScalarInit(E, M->getExtendingDecl(), RefTempDst, false);
        break;
      case TEK_Aggregate: {
        CharUnits Alignment = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(E->getType());
        EmitAggExpr(E, AggValueSlot::forAddr(Object, Alignment,
                                             E->getType().getQualifiers(),
                                             AggValueSlot::IsDestructed,
                                             AggValueSlot::DoesNotNeedGCBarriers,
                                             AggValueSlot::IsNotAliased));
        break;
      }
      }
  
      pushTemporaryCleanup(*this, M, E, Object);
      return RefTempDst;
    }
  
    SmallVector<const Expr *, 2> CommaLHSs;
    SmallVector<SubobjectAdjustment, 2> Adjustments;
    E = E->skipRValueSubobjectAdjustments(CommaLHSs, Adjustments);
  
    for (const auto &Ignored : CommaLHSs)
      EmitIgnoredExpr(Ignored);
  
    if (const auto *opaque = dyn_cast<OpaqueValueExpr>(E)) {
      if (opaque->getType()->isRecordType()) {
        assert(Adjustments.empty());
        return EmitOpaqueValueLValue(opaque);
      }
    }
  
    // Create and initialize the reference temporary.
    llvm::Value *Object = createReferenceTemporary(*this, M, E);
    if (auto *Var = dyn_cast<llvm::GlobalVariable>(Object)) {
      Object = llvm::ConstantExpr::getBitCast(
          Var, ConvertTypeForMem(E->getType())->getPointerTo());
      // If the temporary is a global and has a constant initializer or is a
      // constant temporary that we promoted to a global, we may have already
      // initialized it.
      if (!Var->hasInitializer()) {
        Var->setInitializer(CGM.EmitNullConstant(E->getType()));
        EmitAnyExprToMem(E, Object, Qualifiers(), /*IsInit*/true);
      }
    } else {
      EmitAnyExprToMem(E, Object, Qualifiers(), /*IsInit*/true);
    }
    pushTemporaryCleanup(*this, M, E, Object);
  
    // Perform derived-to-base casts and/or field accesses, to get from the
    // temporary object we created (and, potentially, for which we extended
    // the lifetime) to the subobject we're binding the reference to.
    for (unsigned I = Adjustments.size(); I != 0; --I) {
      SubobjectAdjustment &Adjustment = Adjustments[I-1];
      switch (Adjustment.Kind) {
      case SubobjectAdjustment::DerivedToBaseAdjustment:
        Object =
            GetAddressOfBaseClass(Object, Adjustment.DerivedToBase.DerivedClass,
                                  Adjustment.DerivedToBase.BasePath->path_begin(),
                                  Adjustment.DerivedToBase.BasePath->path_end(),
                                  /*NullCheckValue=*/ false, E->getExprLoc());
        break;
  
      case SubobjectAdjustment::FieldAdjustment: {
        LValue LV = MakeAddrLValue(Object, E->getType());
        LV = EmitLValueForField(LV, Adjustment.Field);
        assert(LV.isSimple() &&
               "materialized temporary field is not a simple lvalue");
        Object = LV.getAddress();
        break;
      }
  
      case SubobjectAdjustment::MemberPointerAdjustment: {
        llvm::Value *Ptr = EmitScalarExpr(Adjustment.Ptr.RHS);
        Object = CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberDataPointerAddress(
            *this, E, Object, Ptr, Adjustment.Ptr.MPT);
        break;
      }
      }
    }
  
    return MakeAddrLValue(Object, M->getType());
  }
  
  RValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitReferenceBindingToExpr(const Expr *E) {
    // Emit the expression as an lvalue.
    LValue LV = EmitLValue(E);
    assert(LV.isSimple());
    llvm::Value *Value = LV.getAddress();
  
    if (sanitizePerformTypeCheck() && !E->getType()->isFunctionType()) {
      // C++11 [dcl.ref]p5 (as amended by core issue 453):
      //   If a glvalue to which a reference is directly bound designates neither
      //   an existing object or function of an appropriate type nor a region of
      //   storage of suitable size and alignment to contain an object of the
      //   reference's type, the behavior is undefined.
      QualType Ty = E->getType();
      EmitTypeCheck(TCK_ReferenceBinding, E->getExprLoc(), Value, Ty);
    }
  
    return RValue::get(Value);
  }
  
  
  /// getAccessedFieldNo - Given an encoded value and a result number, return the
  /// input field number being accessed.
  unsigned CodeGenFunction::getAccessedFieldNo(unsigned Idx,
                                               const llvm::Constant *Elts) {
    return cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(Elts->getAggregateElement(Idx))
        ->getZExtValue();
  }
  
  /// Emit the hash_16_bytes function from include/llvm/ADT/Hashing.h.
  static llvm::Value *emitHash16Bytes(CGBuilderTy &Builder, llvm::Value *Low,
                                      llvm::Value *High) {
    llvm::Value *KMul = Builder.getInt64(0x9ddfea08eb382d69ULL);
    llvm::Value *K47 = Builder.getInt64(47);
    llvm::Value *A0 = Builder.CreateMul(Builder.CreateXor(Low, High), KMul);
    llvm::Value *A1 = Builder.CreateXor(Builder.CreateLShr(A0, K47), A0);
    llvm::Value *B0 = Builder.CreateMul(Builder.CreateXor(High, A1), KMul);
    llvm::Value *B1 = Builder.CreateXor(Builder.CreateLShr(B0, K47), B0);
    return Builder.CreateMul(B1, KMul);
  }
  
  bool CodeGenFunction::sanitizePerformTypeCheck() const {
    return SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Null) |
           SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Alignment) |
           SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::ObjectSize) |
           SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Vptr);
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitTypeCheck(TypeCheckKind TCK, SourceLocation Loc,
                                      llvm::Value *Address, QualType Ty,
                                      CharUnits Alignment, bool SkipNullCheck) {
    if (!sanitizePerformTypeCheck())
      return;
  
    // Don't check pointers outside the default address space. The null check
    // isn't correct, the object-size check isn't supported by LLVM, and we can't
    // communicate the addresses to the runtime handler for the vptr check.
    if (Address->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace())
      return;
  
    SanitizerScope SanScope(this);
  
    SmallVector<std::pair<llvm::Value *, SanitizerMask>, 3> Checks;
    llvm::BasicBlock *Done = nullptr;
  
    bool AllowNullPointers = TCK == TCK_DowncastPointer || TCK == TCK_Upcast ||
                             TCK == TCK_UpcastToVirtualBase;
    if ((SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Null) || AllowNullPointers) &&
        !SkipNullCheck) {
      // The glvalue must not be an empty glvalue.
      llvm::Value *IsNonNull = Builder.CreateICmpNE(
          Address, llvm::Constant::getNullValue(Address->getType()));
  
      if (AllowNullPointers) {
        // When performing pointer casts, it's OK if the value is null.
        // Skip the remaining checks in that case.
        Done = createBasicBlock("null");
        llvm::BasicBlock *Rest = createBasicBlock("not.null");
        Builder.CreateCondBr(IsNonNull, Rest, Done);
        EmitBlock(Rest);
      } else {
        Checks.push_back(std::make_pair(IsNonNull, SanitizerKind::Null));
      }
    }
  
    if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::ObjectSize) && !Ty->isIncompleteType()) {
      uint64_t Size = getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(Ty).getQuantity();
  
      // The glvalue must refer to a large enough storage region.
      // FIXME: If Address Sanitizer is enabled, insert dynamic instrumentation
      //        to check this.
      // FIXME: Get object address space
      llvm::Type *Tys[2] = { IntPtrTy, Int8PtrTy };
      llvm::Value *F = CGM.getIntrinsic(llvm::Intrinsic::objectsize, Tys);
      llvm::Value *Min = Builder.getFalse();
      llvm::Value *CastAddr = Builder.CreateBitCast(Address, Int8PtrTy);
      llvm::Value *LargeEnough =
          Builder.CreateICmpUGE(Builder.CreateCall(F, {CastAddr, Min}),
                                llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntPtrTy, Size));
      Checks.push_back(std::make_pair(LargeEnough, SanitizerKind::ObjectSize));
    }
  
    uint64_t AlignVal = 0;
  
    if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Alignment)) {
      AlignVal = Alignment.getQuantity();
      if (!Ty->isIncompleteType() && !AlignVal)
        AlignVal = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(Ty).getQuantity();
  
      // The glvalue must be suitably aligned.
      if (AlignVal) {
        llvm::Value *Align =
            Builder.CreateAnd(Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Address, IntPtrTy),
                              llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntPtrTy, AlignVal - 1));
        llvm::Value *Aligned =
          Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Align, llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntPtrTy, 0));
        Checks.push_back(std::make_pair(Aligned, SanitizerKind::Alignment));
      }
    }
  
    if (Checks.size() > 0) {
      llvm::Constant *StaticData[] = {
        EmitCheckSourceLocation(Loc),
        EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(Ty),
        llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, AlignVal),
        llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int8Ty, TCK)
      };
      EmitCheck(Checks, "type_mismatch", StaticData, Address);
    }
  
    // If possible, check that the vptr indicates that there is a subobject of
    // type Ty at offset zero within this object.
    //
    // C++11 [basic.life]p5,6:
    //   [For storage which does not refer to an object within its lifetime]
    //   The program has undefined behavior if:
    //    -- the [pointer or glvalue] is used to access a non-static data member
    //       or call a non-static member function
    CXXRecordDecl *RD = Ty->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
    if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Vptr) &&
        (TCK == TCK_MemberAccess || TCK == TCK_MemberCall ||
         TCK == TCK_DowncastPointer || TCK == TCK_DowncastReference ||
         TCK == TCK_UpcastToVirtualBase) &&
        RD && RD->hasDefinition() && RD->isDynamicClass()) {
      // Compute a hash of the mangled name of the type.
      //
      // FIXME: This is not guaranteed to be deterministic! Move to a
      //        fingerprinting mechanism once LLVM provides one. For the time
      //        being the implementation happens to be deterministic.
      SmallString<64> MangledName;
      llvm::raw_svector_ostream Out(MangledName);
      CGM.getCXXABI().getMangleContext().mangleCXXRTTI(Ty.getUnqualifiedType(),
                                                       Out);
  
      // Blacklist based on the mangled type.
      if (!CGM.getContext().getSanitizerBlacklist().isBlacklistedType(
              Out.str())) {
        llvm::hash_code TypeHash = hash_value(Out.str());
  
        // Load the vptr, and compute hash_16_bytes(TypeHash, vptr).
        llvm::Value *Low = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, TypeHash);
        llvm::Type *VPtrTy = llvm::PointerType::get(IntPtrTy, 0);
        llvm::Value *VPtrAddr = Builder.CreateBitCast(Address, VPtrTy);
        llvm::Value *VPtrVal = Builder.CreateLoad(VPtrAddr);
        llvm::Value *High = Builder.CreateZExt(VPtrVal, Int64Ty);
  
        llvm::Value *Hash = emitHash16Bytes(Builder, Low, High);
        Hash = Builder.CreateTrunc(Hash, IntPtrTy);
  
        // Look the hash up in our cache.
        const int CacheSize = 128;
        llvm::Type *HashTable = llvm::ArrayType::get(IntPtrTy, CacheSize);
        llvm::Value *Cache = CGM.CreateRuntimeVariable(HashTable,
                                                       "__ubsan_vptr_type_cache");
        llvm::Value *Slot = Builder.CreateAnd(Hash,
                                              llvm::ConstantInt::get(IntPtrTy,
                                                                     CacheSize-1));
        llvm::Value *Indices[] = { Builder.getInt32(0), Slot };
        llvm::Value *CacheVal =
          Builder.CreateLoad(Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Cache, Indices));
  
        // If the hash isn't in the cache, call a runtime handler to perform the
        // hard work of checking whether the vptr is for an object of the right
        // type. This will either fill in the cache and return, or produce a
        // diagnostic.
        llvm::Value *EqualHash = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(CacheVal, Hash);
        llvm::Constant *StaticData[] = {
          EmitCheckSourceLocation(Loc),
          EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(Ty),
          CGM.GetAddrOfRTTIDescriptor(Ty.getUnqualifiedType()),
          llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int8Ty, TCK)
        };
        llvm::Value *DynamicData[] = { Address, Hash };
        EmitCheck(std::make_pair(EqualHash, SanitizerKind::Vptr),
                  "dynamic_type_cache_miss", StaticData, DynamicData);
      }
    }
  
    if (Done) {
      Builder.CreateBr(Done);
      EmitBlock(Done);
    }
  }
  
  /// Determine whether this expression refers to a flexible array member in a
  /// struct. We disable array bounds checks for such members.
  static bool isFlexibleArrayMemberExpr(const Expr *E) {
    // For compatibility with existing code, we treat arrays of length 0 or
    // 1 as flexible array members.
    const ArrayType *AT = E->getType()->castAsArrayTypeUnsafe();
    if (const auto *CAT = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT)) {
      if (CAT->getSize().ugt(1))
        return false;
    } else if (!isa<IncompleteArrayType>(AT))
      return false;
  
    E = E->IgnoreParens();
  
    // A flexible array member must be the last member in the class.
    if (const auto *ME = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(E)) {
      // FIXME: If the base type of the member expr is not FD->getParent(),
      // this should not be treated as a flexible array member access.
      if (const auto *FD = dyn_cast<FieldDecl>(ME->getMemberDecl())) {
        RecordDecl::field_iterator FI(
            DeclContext::decl_iterator(const_cast<FieldDecl *>(FD)));
        return ++FI == FD->getParent()->field_end();
      }
    }
  
    return false;
  }
  
  /// If Base is known to point to the start of an array, return the length of
  /// that array. Return 0 if the length cannot be determined.
  static llvm::Value *getArrayIndexingBound(
      CodeGenFunction &CGF, const Expr *Base, QualType &IndexedType) {
    // For the vector indexing extension, the bound is the number of elements.
    if (const VectorType *VT = Base->getType()->getAs<VectorType>()) {
      IndexedType = Base->getType();
      return CGF.Builder.getInt32(VT->getNumElements());
    }
  
    Base = Base->IgnoreParens();
  
    if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CastExpr>(Base)) {
      if (CE->getCastKind() == CK_ArrayToPointerDecay &&
          !isFlexibleArrayMemberExpr(CE->getSubExpr())) {
        IndexedType = CE->getSubExpr()->getType();
        const ArrayType *AT = IndexedType->castAsArrayTypeUnsafe();
        if (const auto *CAT = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT))
          return CGF.Builder.getInt(CAT->getSize());
        else if (const auto *VAT = dyn_cast<VariableArrayType>(AT))
          return CGF.getVLASize(VAT).first;
      }
    }
  
    return nullptr;
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitBoundsCheck(const Expr *E, const Expr *Base,
                                        llvm::Value *Index, QualType IndexType,
                                        bool Accessed) {
    assert(SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::ArrayBounds) &&
           "should not be called unless adding bounds checks");
    SanitizerScope SanScope(this);
  
    QualType IndexedType;
    llvm::Value *Bound = getArrayIndexingBound(*this, Base, IndexedType);
    if (!Bound)
      return;
  
    bool IndexSigned = IndexType->isSignedIntegerOrEnumerationType();
    llvm::Value *IndexVal = Builder.CreateIntCast(Index, SizeTy, IndexSigned);
    llvm::Value *BoundVal = Builder.CreateIntCast(Bound, SizeTy, false);
  
    llvm::Constant *StaticData[] = {
      EmitCheckSourceLocation(E->getExprLoc()),
      EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(IndexedType),
      EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(IndexType)
    };
    llvm::Value *Check = Accessed ? Builder.CreateICmpULT(IndexVal, BoundVal)
                                  : Builder.CreateICmpULE(IndexVal, BoundVal);
    EmitCheck(std::make_pair(Check, SanitizerKind::ArrayBounds), "out_of_bounds",
              StaticData, Index);
  }
  
  
  CodeGenFunction::ComplexPairTy CodeGenFunction::
  EmitComplexPrePostIncDec(const UnaryOperator *E, LValue LV,
                           bool isInc, bool isPre) {
    ComplexPairTy InVal = EmitLoadOfComplex(LV, E->getExprLoc());
  
    llvm::Value *NextVal;
    if (isa<llvm::IntegerType>(InVal.first->getType())) {
      uint64_t AmountVal = isInc ? 1 : -1;
      NextVal = llvm::ConstantInt::get(InVal.first->getType(), AmountVal, true);
  
      // Add the inc/dec to the real part.
      NextVal = Builder.CreateAdd(InVal.first, NextVal, isInc ? "inc" : "dec");
    } else {
      QualType ElemTy = E->getType()->getAs<ComplexType>()->getElementType();
      llvm::APFloat FVal(getContext().getFloatTypeSemantics(ElemTy), 1);
      if (!isInc)
        FVal.changeSign();
      NextVal = llvm::ConstantFP::get(getLLVMContext(), FVal);
  
      // Add the inc/dec to the real part.
      NextVal = Builder.CreateFAdd(InVal.first, NextVal, isInc ? "inc" : "dec");
    }
  
    ComplexPairTy IncVal(NextVal, InVal.second);
  
    // Store the updated result through the lvalue.
    EmitStoreOfComplex(IncVal, LV, /*init*/ false);
  
    // If this is a postinc, return the value read from memory, otherwise use the
    // updated value.
    return isPre ? IncVal : InVal;
  }
  
  //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  //                         LValue Expression Emission
  //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::GetUndefRValue(QualType Ty) {
    if (Ty->isVoidType())
      return RValue::get(nullptr);
  
    switch (getEvaluationKind(Ty)) {
    case TEK_Complex: {
      llvm::Type *EltTy =
        ConvertType(Ty->castAs<ComplexType>()->getElementType());
      llvm::Value *U = llvm::UndefValue::get(EltTy);
      return RValue::getComplex(std::make_pair(U, U));
    }
  
    // If this is a use of an undefined aggregate type, the aggregate must have an
    // identifiable address.  Just because the contents of the value are undefined
    // doesn't mean that the address can't be taken and compared.
    case TEK_Aggregate: {
      llvm::Value *DestPtr = CreateMemTemp(Ty, "undef.agg.tmp");
      return RValue::getAggregate(DestPtr);
    }
  
    case TEK_Scalar:
      return RValue::get(llvm::UndefValue::get(ConvertType(Ty)));
    }
    llvm_unreachable("bad evaluation kind");
  }
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitUnsupportedRValue(const Expr *E,
                                                const char *Name) {
    ErrorUnsupported(E, Name);
    return GetUndefRValue(E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitUnsupportedLValue(const Expr *E,
                                                const char *Name) {
    ErrorUnsupported(E, Name);
    llvm::Type *Ty = llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(ConvertType(E->getType()));
    return MakeAddrLValue(llvm::UndefValue::get(Ty), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCheckedLValue(const Expr *E, TypeCheckKind TCK) {
    LValue LV;
    if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::ArrayBounds) && isa<ArraySubscriptExpr>(E))
      LV = EmitArraySubscriptExpr(cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(E), /*Accessed*/true);
    else
      LV = EmitLValue(E);
    if (!isa<DeclRefExpr>(E) && !LV.isBitField() && LV.isSimple())
      EmitTypeCheck(TCK, E->getExprLoc(), LV.getAddress(),
                    E->getType(), LV.getAlignment());
    return LV;
  }
  
  /// EmitLValue - Emit code to compute a designator that specifies the location
  /// of the expression.
  ///
  /// This can return one of two things: a simple address or a bitfield reference.
  /// In either case, the LLVM Value* in the LValue structure is guaranteed to be
  /// an LLVM pointer type.
  ///
  /// If this returns a bitfield reference, nothing about the pointee type of the
  /// LLVM value is known: For example, it may not be a pointer to an integer.
  ///
  /// If this returns a normal address, and if the lvalue's C type is fixed size,
  /// this method guarantees that the returned pointer type will point to an LLVM
  /// type of the same size of the lvalue's type.  If the lvalue has a variable
  /// length type, this is not possible.
  ///
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLValue(const Expr *E) {
    ApplyDebugLocation DL(*this, E);
    switch (E->getStmtClass()) {
    default: return EmitUnsupportedLValue(E, "l-value expression");
  
    case Expr::ObjCPropertyRefExprClass:
      llvm_unreachable("cannot emit a property reference directly");
  
    case Expr::ObjCSelectorExprClass:
      return EmitObjCSelectorLValue(cast<ObjCSelectorExpr>(E));
    case Expr::ObjCIsaExprClass:
      return EmitObjCIsaExpr(cast<ObjCIsaExpr>(E));
    case Expr::BinaryOperatorClass:
      return EmitBinaryOperatorLValue(cast<BinaryOperator>(E));
    case Expr::CompoundAssignOperatorClass: {
      QualType Ty = E->getType();
      if (const AtomicType *AT = Ty->getAs<AtomicType>())
        Ty = AT->getValueType();
      if (!Ty->isAnyComplexType())
        return EmitCompoundAssignmentLValue(cast<CompoundAssignOperator>(E));
      return EmitComplexCompoundAssignmentLValue(cast<CompoundAssignOperator>(E));
    }
    case Expr::CallExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXMemberCallExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXOperatorCallExprClass:
    case Expr::UserDefinedLiteralClass:
      return EmitCallExprLValue(cast<CallExpr>(E));
    case Expr::VAArgExprClass:
      return EmitVAArgExprLValue(cast<VAArgExpr>(E));
    case Expr::DeclRefExprClass:
      return EmitDeclRefLValue(cast<DeclRefExpr>(E));
    case Expr::ParenExprClass:
      return EmitLValue(cast<ParenExpr>(E)->getSubExpr());
    case Expr::GenericSelectionExprClass:
      return EmitLValue(cast<GenericSelectionExpr>(E)->getResultExpr());
    case Expr::PredefinedExprClass:
      return EmitPredefinedLValue(cast<PredefinedExpr>(E));
    case Expr::StringLiteralClass:
      return EmitStringLiteralLValue(cast<StringLiteral>(E));
    case Expr::ObjCEncodeExprClass:
      return EmitObjCEncodeExprLValue(cast<ObjCEncodeExpr>(E));
    case Expr::PseudoObjectExprClass:
      return EmitPseudoObjectLValue(cast<PseudoObjectExpr>(E));
    case Expr::InitListExprClass:
      return EmitInitListLValue(cast<InitListExpr>(E));
    case Expr::CXXTemporaryObjectExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXConstructExprClass:
      return EmitCXXConstructLValue(cast<CXXConstructExpr>(E));
    case Expr::CXXBindTemporaryExprClass:
      return EmitCXXBindTemporaryLValue(cast<CXXBindTemporaryExpr>(E));
    case Expr::CXXUuidofExprClass:
      return EmitCXXUuidofLValue(cast<CXXUuidofExpr>(E));
    case Expr::LambdaExprClass:
      return EmitLambdaLValue(cast<LambdaExpr>(E));
  
    case Expr::ExprWithCleanupsClass: {
      const auto *cleanups = cast<ExprWithCleanups>(E);
      enterFullExpression(cleanups);
      RunCleanupsScope Scope(*this);
      return EmitLValue(cleanups->getSubExpr());
    }
  
    case Expr::CXXDefaultArgExprClass:
      return EmitLValue(cast<CXXDefaultArgExpr>(E)->getExpr());
    case Expr::CXXDefaultInitExprClass: {
      CXXDefaultInitExprScope Scope(*this);
      return EmitLValue(cast<CXXDefaultInitExpr>(E)->getExpr());
    }
    case Expr::CXXTypeidExprClass:
      return EmitCXXTypeidLValue(cast<CXXTypeidExpr>(E));
  
    case Expr::ObjCMessageExprClass:
      return EmitObjCMessageExprLValue(cast<ObjCMessageExpr>(E));
    case Expr::ObjCIvarRefExprClass:
      return EmitObjCIvarRefLValue(cast<ObjCIvarRefExpr>(E));
    case Expr::StmtExprClass:
      return EmitStmtExprLValue(cast<StmtExpr>(E));
    case Expr::UnaryOperatorClass:
      return EmitUnaryOpLValue(cast<UnaryOperator>(E));
    case Expr::ArraySubscriptExprClass:
      return EmitArraySubscriptExpr(cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(E));
    case Expr::ExtVectorElementExprClass:
      return EmitExtVectorElementExpr(cast<ExtVectorElementExpr>(E));
    // HLSL Change Starts
    case Expr::ExtMatrixElementExprClass:
      return EmitExtMatrixElementExpr(cast<ExtMatrixElementExpr>(E));
    case Expr::HLSLVectorElementExprClass:
      return EmitHLSLVectorElementExpr(cast<HLSLVectorElementExpr>(E));
    case Expr::CXXThisExprClass:
      return MakeAddrLValue(LoadCXXThis(), E->getType());
    // HLSL Change Ends
    case Expr::MemberExprClass:
      return EmitMemberExpr(cast<MemberExpr>(E));
    case Expr::CompoundLiteralExprClass:
      return EmitCompoundLiteralLValue(cast<CompoundLiteralExpr>(E));
    case Expr::ConditionalOperatorClass:
      return EmitConditionalOperatorLValue(cast<ConditionalOperator>(E));
    case Expr::BinaryConditionalOperatorClass:
      return EmitConditionalOperatorLValue(cast<BinaryConditionalOperator>(E));
    case Expr::ChooseExprClass:
      return EmitLValue(cast<ChooseExpr>(E)->getChosenSubExpr());
    case Expr::OpaqueValueExprClass:
      return EmitOpaqueValueLValue(cast<OpaqueValueExpr>(E));
    case Expr::SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExprClass:
      return EmitLValue(cast<SubstNonTypeTemplateParmExpr>(E)->getReplacement());
    case Expr::ImplicitCastExprClass:
    case Expr::CStyleCastExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXFunctionalCastExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXStaticCastExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXDynamicCastExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXReinterpretCastExprClass:
    case Expr::CXXConstCastExprClass:
    case Expr::ObjCBridgedCastExprClass:
      return EmitCastLValue(cast<CastExpr>(E));
  
    case Expr::MaterializeTemporaryExprClass:
      return EmitMaterializeTemporaryExpr(cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(E));
    }
  }
  
  /// Given an object of the given canonical type, can we safely copy a
  /// value out of it based on its initializer?
  static bool isConstantEmittableObjectType(QualType type) {
    assert(type.isCanonical());
    assert(!type->isReferenceType());
  
    // Must be const-qualified but non-volatile.
    Qualifiers qs = type.getLocalQualifiers();
    if (!qs.hasConst() || qs.hasVolatile()) return false;
  
    // Otherwise, all object types satisfy this except C++ classes with
    // mutable subobjects or non-trivial copy/destroy behavior.
    if (const auto *RT = dyn_cast<RecordType>(type))
      if (const auto *RD = dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RT->getDecl()))
        if (RD->hasMutableFields() || !RD->isTrivial())
          return false;
  
    return true;
  }
  
  /// Can we constant-emit a load of a reference to a variable of the
  /// given type?  This is different from predicates like
  /// Decl::isUsableInConstantExpressions because we do want it to apply
  /// in situations that don't necessarily satisfy the language's rules
  /// for this (e.g. C++'s ODR-use rules).  For example, we want to able
  /// to do this with const float variables even if those variables
  /// aren't marked 'constexpr'.
  enum ConstantEmissionKind {
    CEK_None,
    CEK_AsReferenceOnly,
    CEK_AsValueOrReference,
    CEK_AsValueOnly
  };
  static ConstantEmissionKind checkVarTypeForConstantEmission(QualType type) {
    type = type.getCanonicalType();
    if (const auto *ref = dyn_cast<ReferenceType>(type)) {
      if (isConstantEmittableObjectType(ref->getPointeeType()))
        return CEK_AsValueOrReference;
      return CEK_AsReferenceOnly;
    }
    if (isConstantEmittableObjectType(type))
      return CEK_AsValueOnly;
    return CEK_None;
  }
  
  /// Try to emit a reference to the given value without producing it as
  /// an l-value.  This is actually more than an optimization: we can't
  /// produce an l-value for variables that we never actually captured
  /// in a block or lambda, which means const int variables or constexpr
  /// literals or similar.
  CodeGenFunction::ConstantEmission
  CodeGenFunction::tryEmitAsConstant(DeclRefExpr *refExpr) {
    ValueDecl *value = refExpr->getDecl();
  
    // The value needs to be an enum constant or a constant variable.
    ConstantEmissionKind CEK;
    if (isa<ParmVarDecl>(value)) {
      CEK = CEK_None;
    } else if (auto *var = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(value)) {
      CEK = checkVarTypeForConstantEmission(var->getType());
    } else if (isa<EnumConstantDecl>(value)) {
      CEK = CEK_AsValueOnly;
    } else {
      CEK = CEK_None;
    }
    if (CEK == CEK_None) return ConstantEmission();
  
    Expr::EvalResult result;
    bool resultIsReference;
    QualType resultType;
  
    // It's best to evaluate all the way as an r-value if that's permitted.
    if (CEK != CEK_AsReferenceOnly &&
        refExpr->EvaluateAsRValue(result, getContext())) {
      resultIsReference = false;
      resultType = refExpr->getType();
  
    // Otherwise, try to evaluate as an l-value.
    } else if (CEK != CEK_AsValueOnly &&
               refExpr->EvaluateAsLValue(result, getContext())) {
      resultIsReference = true;
      resultType = value->getType();
  
    // Failure.
    } else {
      return ConstantEmission();
    }
  
    // In any case, if the initializer has side-effects, abandon ship.
    if (result.HasSideEffects)
      return ConstantEmission();
  
    // Emit as a constant.
    llvm::Constant *C = CGM.EmitConstantValue(result.Val, resultType, this);
  
    // Make sure we emit a debug reference to the global variable.
    // This should probably fire even for
    if (isa<VarDecl>(value)) {
      if (!getContext().DeclMustBeEmitted(cast<VarDecl>(value)))
        EmitDeclRefExprDbgValue(refExpr, C);
    } else {
      assert(isa<EnumConstantDecl>(value));
      EmitDeclRefExprDbgValue(refExpr, C);
    }
  
    // If we emitted a reference constant, we need to dereference that.
    if (resultIsReference)
      return ConstantEmission::forReference(C);
  
    return ConstantEmission::forValue(C);
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfScalar(LValue lvalue,
                                                 SourceLocation Loc) {
    return EmitLoadOfScalar(lvalue.getAddress(), lvalue.isVolatile(),
                            lvalue.getAlignment().getQuantity(),
                            lvalue.getType(), Loc, lvalue.getTBAAInfo(),
                            lvalue.getTBAABaseType(), lvalue.getTBAAOffset());
  }
  
  static bool hasBooleanRepresentation(QualType Ty) {
    if (Ty->isBooleanType())
      return true;
  
    if (const EnumType *ET = Ty->getAs<EnumType>())
      return ET->getDecl()->getIntegerType()->isBooleanType();
  
    if (const AtomicType *AT = Ty->getAs<AtomicType>())
      return hasBooleanRepresentation(AT->getValueType());
  
    return false;
  }
  
  // HLSL Change Begin.
  static bool hasBooleanScalarOrVectorRepresentation(QualType Ty) {
    if (hlsl::IsHLSLVecType(Ty))
      return hasBooleanRepresentation(hlsl::GetElementTypeOrType(Ty));
    return hasBooleanRepresentation(Ty);
  }
  // HLSL Change End.
  
  static bool getRangeForType(CodeGenFunction &CGF, QualType Ty,
                              llvm::APInt &Min, llvm::APInt &End,
                              bool StrictEnums) {
    const EnumType *ET = Ty->getAs<EnumType>();
    bool IsRegularCPlusPlusEnum = CGF.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && StrictEnums &&
                                  ET && !ET->getDecl()->isFixed();
    bool IsBool = hasBooleanRepresentation(Ty);
    if (!IsBool && !IsRegularCPlusPlusEnum)
      return false;
  
    if (IsBool) {
      Min = llvm::APInt(CGF.getContext().getTypeSize(Ty), 0);
      End = llvm::APInt(CGF.getContext().getTypeSize(Ty), 2);
    } else {
      const EnumDecl *ED = ET->getDecl();
      llvm::Type *LTy = CGF.ConvertTypeForMem(ED->getIntegerType());
      unsigned Bitwidth = LTy->getScalarSizeInBits();
      unsigned NumNegativeBits = ED->getNumNegativeBits();
      unsigned NumPositiveBits = ED->getNumPositiveBits();
  
      if (NumNegativeBits) {
        unsigned NumBits = std::max(NumNegativeBits, NumPositiveBits + 1);
        assert(NumBits <= Bitwidth);
        End = llvm::APInt(Bitwidth, 1) << (NumBits - 1);
        Min = -End;
      } else {
        assert(NumPositiveBits <= Bitwidth);
        End = llvm::APInt(Bitwidth, 1) << NumPositiveBits;
        Min = llvm::APInt(Bitwidth, 0);
      }
    }
    return true;
  }
  
  llvm::MDNode *CodeGenFunction::getRangeForLoadFromType(QualType Ty) {
    llvm::APInt Min, End;
    if (!getRangeForType(*this, Ty, Min, End,
                         CGM.getCodeGenOpts().StrictEnums))
      return nullptr;
  
    llvm::MDBuilder MDHelper(getLLVMContext());
    return MDHelper.createRange(Min, End);
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfScalar(llvm::Value *Addr, bool Volatile,
                                                 unsigned Alignment, QualType Ty,
                                                 SourceLocation Loc,
                                                 llvm::MDNode *TBAAInfo,
                                                 QualType TBAABaseType,
                                                 uint64_t TBAAOffset) {
    // For better performance, handle vector loads differently.
    if (Ty->isVectorType()) {
      llvm::Value *V;
      const llvm::Type *EltTy =
      cast<llvm::PointerType>(Addr->getType())->getElementType();
  
      const auto *VTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(EltTy);
  
      // Handle vectors of size 3, like size 4 for better performance.
      if (VTy->getNumElements() == 3) {
  
        // Bitcast to vec4 type.
        llvm::VectorType *vec4Ty = llvm::VectorType::get(VTy->getElementType(),
                                                           4);
        llvm::PointerType *ptVec4Ty =
        llvm::PointerType::get(vec4Ty,
                               (cast<llvm::PointerType>(
                                        Addr->getType()))->getAddressSpace());
        llvm::Value *Cast = Builder.CreateBitCast(Addr, ptVec4Ty,
                                                  "castToVec4");
        // Now load value.
        llvm::Value *LoadVal = Builder.CreateLoad(Cast, Volatile, "loadVec4");
  
        // Shuffle vector to get vec3.
        llvm::Constant *Mask[] = {
          llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(getLLVMContext()), 0),
          llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(getLLVMContext()), 1),
          llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(getLLVMContext()), 2)
        };
  
        llvm::Value *MaskV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Mask);
        V = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(LoadVal,
                                        llvm::UndefValue::get(vec4Ty),
                                        MaskV, "extractVec");
        return EmitFromMemory(V, Ty);
      }
    }
  
    // Atomic operations have to be done on integral types.
    if (Ty->isAtomicType() || typeIsSuitableForInlineAtomic(Ty, Volatile)) {
      LValue lvalue = LValue::MakeAddr(Addr, Ty,
                                       CharUnits::fromQuantity(Alignment),
                                       getContext(), TBAAInfo);
      return EmitAtomicLoad(lvalue, Loc).getScalarVal();
    }
  
    // HLSL Change Begins
    if (hlsl::IsHLSLMatType(Ty)) {
      // Use matrix load to keep major info.
      return CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLMatrixLoad(*this, Addr, Ty);
    }
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
    llvm::LoadInst *Load = Builder.CreateLoad(Addr);
    if (Volatile)
      Load->setVolatile(true);
    if (Alignment)
      Load->setAlignment(Alignment);
    if (TBAAInfo) {
      llvm::MDNode *TBAAPath = CGM.getTBAAStructTagInfo(TBAABaseType, TBAAInfo,
                                                        TBAAOffset);
      if (TBAAPath)
        CGM.DecorateInstruction(Load, TBAAPath, false/*ConvertTypeToTag*/);
    }
  
    bool NeedsBoolCheck =
        SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Bool) && hasBooleanRepresentation(Ty);
    bool NeedsEnumCheck =
        SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Enum) && Ty->getAs<EnumType>();
    if (NeedsBoolCheck || NeedsEnumCheck) {
      SanitizerScope SanScope(this);
      llvm::APInt Min, End;
      if (getRangeForType(*this, Ty, Min, End, true)) {
        --End;
        llvm::Value *Check;
        if (!Min)
          Check = Builder.CreateICmpULE(
            Load, llvm::ConstantInt::get(getLLVMContext(), End));
        else {
          llvm::Value *Upper = Builder.CreateICmpSLE(
            Load, llvm::ConstantInt::get(getLLVMContext(), End));
          llvm::Value *Lower = Builder.CreateICmpSGE(
            Load, llvm::ConstantInt::get(getLLVMContext(), Min));
          Check = Builder.CreateAnd(Upper, Lower);
        }
        llvm::Constant *StaticArgs[] = {
          EmitCheckSourceLocation(Loc),
          EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(Ty)
        };
        SanitizerMask Kind = NeedsEnumCheck ? SanitizerKind::Enum : SanitizerKind::Bool;
        EmitCheck(std::make_pair(Check, Kind), "load_invalid_value", StaticArgs,
                  EmitCheckValue(Load));
      }
    } else if (CGM.getCodeGenOpts().OptimizationLevel > 0)
      if (llvm::MDNode *RangeInfo = getRangeForLoadFromType(Ty))
        Load->setMetadata(llvm::LLVMContext::MD_range, RangeInfo);
  
    return EmitFromMemory(Load, Ty);
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitToMemory(llvm::Value *Value, QualType Ty) {
    // HLSL Change Begin.
    // Bool scalar and vectors have a different representation in memory than in registers.
    if (hasBooleanScalarOrVectorRepresentation(Ty)) {
      if (Value->getType()->getScalarType()->isIntegerTy(1))
        return Builder.CreateZExt(Value, ConvertTypeForMem(Ty), "frombool");
    }
    // HLSL Change End.
  
    return Value;
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitFromMemory(llvm::Value *Value, QualType Ty) {
    // HLSL Change Begin.
    // Bool scalar and vectors have a different representation in memory than in registers.
    if (hasBooleanScalarOrVectorRepresentation(Ty)) {
      // Use ne v, 0 to convert to i1 instead of trunc.
      return Builder.CreateICmpNE(
          Value, llvm::ConstantVector::getNullValue(Value->getType()), "tobool");
    }
    // HLSL Change End.
  
    return Value;
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitStoreOfScalar(llvm::Value *Value, llvm::Value *Addr,
                                          bool Volatile, unsigned Alignment,
                                          QualType Ty, llvm::MDNode *TBAAInfo,
                                          bool isInit, QualType TBAABaseType,
                                          uint64_t TBAAOffset) {
  
    // Handle vectors differently to get better performance.
    if (Ty->isVectorType()) {
      llvm::Type *SrcTy = Value->getType();
      auto *VecTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(SrcTy);
      // Handle vec3 special.
      if (VecTy->getNumElements() == 3) {
        llvm::LLVMContext &VMContext = getLLVMContext();
  
        // Our source is a vec3, do a shuffle vector to make it a vec4.
        SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 4> Mask;
        Mask.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(VMContext),
                                              0));
        Mask.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(VMContext),
                                              1));
        Mask.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(VMContext),
                                              2));
        Mask.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(VMContext)));
  
        llvm::Value *MaskV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Mask);
        Value = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(Value,
                                            llvm::UndefValue::get(VecTy),
                                            MaskV, "extractVec");
        SrcTy = llvm::VectorType::get(VecTy->getElementType(), 4);
      }
      auto *DstPtr = cast<llvm::PointerType>(Addr->getType());
      if (DstPtr->getElementType() != SrcTy) {
        llvm::Type *MemTy =
        llvm::PointerType::get(SrcTy, DstPtr->getAddressSpace());
        Addr = Builder.CreateBitCast(Addr, MemTy, "storetmp");
      }
    }
  
    Value = EmitToMemory(Value, Ty);
  
    if (Ty->isAtomicType() ||
        (!isInit && typeIsSuitableForInlineAtomic(Ty, Volatile))) {
      EmitAtomicStore(RValue::get(Value),
                      LValue::MakeAddr(Addr, Ty,
                                       CharUnits::fromQuantity(Alignment),
                                       getContext(), TBAAInfo),
                      isInit);
      return;
    }
  
    // HLSL Change Begins
    if (hlsl::IsHLSLMatType(Ty)) {
      // Use matrix store to keep major info.
      CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLMatrixStore(*this, Value, Addr, Ty);
      return;
    }
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
  
    llvm::StoreInst *Store = Builder.CreateStore(Value, Addr, Volatile);
    if (Alignment)
      Store->setAlignment(Alignment);
    if (TBAAInfo) {
      llvm::MDNode *TBAAPath = CGM.getTBAAStructTagInfo(TBAABaseType, TBAAInfo,
                                                        TBAAOffset);
      if (TBAAPath)
        CGM.DecorateInstruction(Store, TBAAPath, false/*ConvertTypeToTag*/);
    }
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitStoreOfScalar(llvm::Value *value, LValue lvalue,
                                          bool isInit) {
    EmitStoreOfScalar(value, lvalue.getAddress(), lvalue.isVolatile(),
                      lvalue.getAlignment().getQuantity(), lvalue.getType(),
                      lvalue.getTBAAInfo(), isInit, lvalue.getTBAABaseType(),
                      lvalue.getTBAAOffset());
  }
  
  // HLSL Change Begin - find immediate value for literal.
  static llvm::Value *GetStoredValue(llvm::Value *Ptr) {
    llvm::Value *V = nullptr;
    for (llvm::User *U : Ptr->users()) {
      if (llvm::StoreInst *ST = dyn_cast<llvm::StoreInst>(U)) {
        if (V) {
          // More than one store.
          // Skip.
          V = nullptr;
          break;
        }
        V = ST->getValueOperand();
      }
    }
    return V;
  }
  static bool IsLiteralType(QualType QT) {
    if (const BuiltinType *BTy = QT->getAs<BuiltinType>()) {
      if (BTy->getKind() == BuiltinType::LitFloat ||
          BTy->getKind() == BuiltinType::LitInt)
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  // HLSL Change End.
  
  /// EmitLoadOfLValue - Given an expression that represents a value lvalue, this
  /// method emits the address of the lvalue, then loads the result as an rvalue,
  /// returning the rvalue.
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfLValue(LValue LV, SourceLocation Loc) {
    if (LV.isObjCWeak()) {
      // load of a __weak object.
      llvm::Value *AddrWeakObj = LV.getAddress();
      return RValue::get(CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCWeakRead(*this,
                                                               AddrWeakObj));
    }
    if (LV.getQuals().getObjCLifetime() == Qualifiers::OCL_Weak) {
      llvm::Value *Object = EmitARCLoadWeakRetained(LV.getAddress());
      Object = EmitObjCConsumeObject(LV.getType(), Object);
      return RValue::get(Object);
    }
  
    if (LV.isSimple()) {
      assert(!LV.getType()->isFunctionType());
      // HLSL Change Begin - find immediate value for literal.
      if (IsLiteralType(LV.getType())) {
        // The value must be stored only once.
        // Scan all use to find it.
        llvm::Value *Ptr = LV.getAddress();
        if (llvm::Value *V = GetStoredValue(Ptr)) {
          return RValue::get(V);
        }
      }
  
      if (hlsl::IsHLSLAggregateType(LV.getType())) {
        // We cannot load the value because we don't expect to ever have
        // user-defined struct or array-typed llvm registers, only pointers to them.
        // To preserve the snapshot semantics of LValue loads, we copy the
        // value to a temporary and return a pointer to it.
        llvm::Value *Alloca = CreateMemTemp(LV.getType(), "rval");
        auto CharSizeAlignPair = getContext().getTypeInfoInChars(LV.getType());
        Builder.CreateMemCpy(Alloca, LV.getAddress(),
          static_cast<uint64_t>(CharSizeAlignPair.first.getQuantity()),
          static_cast<unsigned>(CharSizeAlignPair.second.getQuantity()));
  
        return RValue::get(Alloca);
      }
      // HLSL Change End.
  
      // Everything needs a load.
      return RValue::get(EmitLoadOfScalar(LV, Loc));
    }
  
    if (LV.isVectorElt()) {
      // HLSL Change Begin - find immediate value for literal.
      if (IsLiteralType(LV.getType())) {
        // The value must be stored only once.
        // Scan all use to find it.
        llvm::Value *Ptr = LV.getAddress();
        if (llvm::Value *V = GetStoredValue(Ptr)) {
          return RValue::get(Builder.CreateExtractElement(V,
                 LV.getVectorIdx(), "vecext"));
        }
      }
      // HLSL Change End.
      llvm::LoadInst *Load = Builder.CreateLoad(LV.getVectorAddr(),
                                                LV.isVolatileQualified());
      Load->setAlignment(LV.getAlignment().getQuantity());
      return RValue::get(Builder.CreateExtractElement(Load, LV.getVectorIdx(),
                                                      "vecext"));
    }
  
    // If this is a reference to a subset of the elements of a vector, either
    // shuffle the input or extract/insert them as appropriate.
    if (LV.isExtVectorElt())
      return EmitLoadOfExtVectorElementLValue(LV);
  
    // Global Register variables always invoke intrinsics
    if (LV.isGlobalReg())
      return EmitLoadOfGlobalRegLValue(LV);
  
    // HLSL Change Starts
    if (LV.isExtMatrixElt())
      return EmitLoadOfExtMatrixElementLValue(LV);
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
    assert(LV.isBitField() && "Unknown LValue type!");
    return EmitLoadOfBitfieldLValue(LV);
  }
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfBitfieldLValue(LValue LV) {
    const CGBitFieldInfo &Info = LV.getBitFieldInfo();
    CharUnits Align = LV.getAlignment().alignmentAtOffset(Info.StorageOffset);
  
    // Get the output type.
    llvm::Type *ResLTy = ConvertType(LV.getType());
  
    llvm::Value *Ptr = LV.getBitFieldAddr();
    llvm::Value *Val = Builder.CreateAlignedLoad(Ptr, Align.getQuantity(),
                                                 LV.isVolatileQualified(),
                                                 "bf.load");
  
    if (Info.IsSigned) {
      assert(static_cast<unsigned>(Info.Offset + Info.Size) <= Info.StorageSize);
      unsigned HighBits = Info.StorageSize - Info.Offset - Info.Size;
      if (HighBits)
        Val = Builder.CreateShl(Val, HighBits, "bf.shl");
      if (Info.Offset + HighBits)
        Val = Builder.CreateAShr(Val, Info.Offset + HighBits, "bf.ashr");
    } else {
      if (Info.Offset)
        Val = Builder.CreateLShr(Val, Info.Offset, "bf.lshr");
      if (static_cast<unsigned>(Info.Offset) + Info.Size < Info.StorageSize)
        Val = Builder.CreateAnd(Val, llvm::APInt::getLowBitsSet(Info.StorageSize,
                                                                Info.Size),
                                "bf.clear");
    }
    Val = Builder.CreateIntCast(Val, ResLTy, Info.IsSigned, "bf.cast");
  
    return RValue::get(Val);
  }
  
  // If this is a reference to a subset of the elements of a vector, create an
  // appropriate shufflevector.
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfExtVectorElementLValue(LValue LV) {
    llvm::LoadInst *Load = Builder.CreateLoad(LV.getExtVectorAddr(),
                                              LV.isVolatileQualified());
    Load->setAlignment(LV.getAlignment().getQuantity());
    llvm::Value *Vec = Load;
  
    Vec = EmitFromMemory(Vec, LV.getType()); // HLSL Change
  
    const llvm::Constant *Elts = LV.getExtVectorElts();
  
    // If the result of the expression is a non-vector type, we must be extracting
    // a single element.  Just codegen as an extractelement.
    const VectorType *ExprVT = LV.getType()->getAs<VectorType>();
    // HLSL Change Starts
    if (ExprVT == nullptr && getContext().getLangOpts().HLSL)
      ExprVT =
          hlsl::ConvertHLSLVecMatTypeToExtVectorType(getContext(), LV.getType());
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
    // HLSL Change Begin - find immediate value for literal.
    QualType QT = LV.getType();
    if (ExprVT) {
      QT = ExprVT->getElementType();
    }
    if (IsLiteralType(QT)) {
      // The value must be stored only once.
      // Scan all use to find it.
      llvm::Value *Ptr = LV.getExtVectorAddr();
      if (llvm::Value *V = GetStoredValue(Ptr)) {
        Vec = V;
      }
    }
    // HLSL Change End.
  
    if (!ExprVT) {
      unsigned InIdx = getAccessedFieldNo(0, Elts);
      llvm::Value *Elt = llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, InIdx);
      return RValue::get(Builder.CreateExtractElement(Vec, Elt));
    }
  
    // Always use shuffle vector to try to retain the original program structure
    unsigned NumResultElts = ExprVT->getNumElements();
  
    SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 4> Mask;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumResultElts; ++i)
      Mask.push_back(Builder.getInt32(getAccessedFieldNo(i, Elts)));
  
    llvm::Value *MaskV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Mask);
    Vec = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(Vec, llvm::UndefValue::get(Vec->getType()),
                                      MaskV);
    return RValue::get(Vec);
  }
  
  /// @brief Generates lvalue for partial ext_vector access.
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitExtVectorElementLValue(LValue LV) {
    llvm::Value *VectorAddress = LV.getExtVectorAddr();
    const VectorType *ExprVT = LV.getType()->getAs<VectorType>();
    QualType EQT = ExprVT->getElementType();
    llvm::Type *VectorElementTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(EQT);
    llvm::Type *VectorElementPtrToTy = VectorElementTy->getPointerTo();
    
    llvm::Value *CastToPointerElement =
      Builder.CreateBitCast(VectorAddress,
                            VectorElementPtrToTy, "conv.ptr.element");
    
    const llvm::Constant *Elts = LV.getExtVectorElts();
    unsigned ix = getAccessedFieldNo(0, Elts);
    
    llvm::Value *VectorBasePtrPlusIx =
      Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(CastToPointerElement,
                                llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, ix), "add.ptr");
    
    return VectorBasePtrPlusIx;
  }
  
  /// @brief Load of global gamed gegisters are always calls to intrinsics.
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfGlobalRegLValue(LValue LV) {
    assert((LV.getType()->isIntegerType() || LV.getType()->isPointerType()) &&
           "Bad type for register variable");
    llvm::MDNode *RegName = cast<llvm::MDNode>(
        cast<llvm::MetadataAsValue>(LV.getGlobalReg())->getMetadata());
  
    // We accept integer and pointer types only
    llvm::Type *OrigTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(LV.getType());
    llvm::Type *Ty = OrigTy;
    if (OrigTy->isPointerTy())
      Ty = CGM.getTypes().getDataLayout().getIntPtrType(OrigTy);
    llvm::Type *Types[] = { Ty };
  
    llvm::Value *F = CGM.getIntrinsic(llvm::Intrinsic::read_register, Types);
    llvm::Value *Call = Builder.CreateCall(
        F, llvm::MetadataAsValue::get(Ty->getContext(), RegName));
    if (OrigTy->isPointerTy())
      Call = Builder.CreateIntToPtr(Call, OrigTy);
    return RValue::get(Call);
  }
  // HLSL Change Starts
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLoadOfExtMatrixElementLValue(LValue LV) {
    // TODO: Matrix swizzle members - emit
    return RValue();
  }
  // HLSL Change Ends
  
  
  
  /// EmitStoreThroughLValue - Store the specified rvalue into the specified
  /// lvalue, where both are guaranteed to the have the same type, and that type
  /// is 'Ty'.
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitStoreThroughLValue(RValue Src, LValue Dst,
                                               bool isInit) {
    if (!Dst.isSimple()) {
      if (Dst.isVectorElt()) {
        // Read/modify/write the vector, inserting the new element.
        llvm::LoadInst *Load = Builder.CreateLoad(Dst.getVectorAddr(),
                                                  Dst.isVolatileQualified());
        Load->setAlignment(Dst.getAlignment().getQuantity());
        llvm::Value *Vec = Load;
        Vec = Builder.CreateInsertElement(Vec, Src.getScalarVal(),
                                          Dst.getVectorIdx(), "vecins");
        llvm::StoreInst *Store = Builder.CreateStore(Vec, Dst.getVectorAddr(),
                                                     Dst.isVolatileQualified());
        Store->setAlignment(Dst.getAlignment().getQuantity());
        return;
      }
  
      // If this is an update of extended vector elements, insert them as
      // appropriate.
      if (Dst.isExtVectorElt())
        return EmitStoreThroughExtVectorComponentLValue(Src, Dst);
  
      if (Dst.isGlobalReg())
        return EmitStoreThroughGlobalRegLValue(Src, Dst);
  
      assert(Dst.isBitField() && "Unknown LValue type");
      return EmitStoreThroughBitfieldLValue(Src, Dst);
    }
  
    // There's special magic for assigning into an ARC-qualified l-value.
    if (Qualifiers::ObjCLifetime Lifetime = Dst.getQuals().getObjCLifetime()) {
      switch (Lifetime) {
      case Qualifiers::OCL_None:
        llvm_unreachable("present but none");
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_ExplicitNone:
        // nothing special
        break;
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Strong:
        EmitARCStoreStrong(Dst, Src.getScalarVal(), /*ignore*/ true);
        return;
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Weak:
        EmitARCStoreWeak(Dst.getAddress(), Src.getScalarVal(), /*ignore*/ true);
        return;
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Autoreleasing:
        Src = RValue::get(EmitObjCExtendObjectLifetime(Dst.getType(),
                                                       Src.getScalarVal()));
        // fall into the normal path
        break;
      }
    }
  
    if (Dst.isObjCWeak() && !Dst.isNonGC()) {
      // load of a __weak object.
      llvm::Value *LvalueDst = Dst.getAddress();
      llvm::Value *src = Src.getScalarVal();
       CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCWeakAssign(*this, src, LvalueDst);
      return;
    }
  
    if (Dst.isObjCStrong() && !Dst.isNonGC()) {
      // load of a __strong object.
      llvm::Value *LvalueDst = Dst.getAddress();
      llvm::Value *src = Src.getScalarVal();
      if (Dst.isObjCIvar()) {
        assert(Dst.getBaseIvarExp() && "BaseIvarExp is NULL");
        llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(getContext().LongTy);
        llvm::Value *RHS = EmitScalarExpr(Dst.getBaseIvarExp());
        llvm::Value *dst = RHS;
        RHS = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(RHS, ResultType, "sub.ptr.rhs.cast");
        llvm::Value *LHS =
          Builder.CreatePtrToInt(LvalueDst, ResultType, "sub.ptr.lhs.cast");
        llvm::Value *BytesBetween = Builder.CreateSub(LHS, RHS, "ivar.offset");
        CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCIvarAssign(*this, src, dst,
                                                BytesBetween);
      } else if (Dst.isGlobalObjCRef()) {
        CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCGlobalAssign(*this, src, LvalueDst,
                                                  Dst.isThreadLocalRef());
      }
      else
        CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCStrongCastAssign(*this, src, LvalueDst);
      return;
    }
  
    assert(Src.isScalar() && "Can't emit an agg store with this method");
    EmitStoreOfScalar(Src.getScalarVal(), Dst, isInit);
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitStoreThroughBitfieldLValue(RValue Src, LValue Dst,
                                                       llvm::Value **Result) {
    const CGBitFieldInfo &Info = Dst.getBitFieldInfo();
    CharUnits Align = Dst.getAlignment().alignmentAtOffset(Info.StorageOffset);
    llvm::Type *ResLTy = ConvertTypeForMem(Dst.getType());
    llvm::Value *Ptr = Dst.getBitFieldAddr();
  
    // Get the source value, truncated to the width of the bit-field.
    llvm::Value *SrcVal = Src.getScalarVal();
  
    // Cast the source to the storage type and shift it into place.
    SrcVal = Builder.CreateIntCast(SrcVal,
                                   Ptr->getType()->getPointerElementType(),
                                   /*IsSigned=*/false);
    llvm::Value *MaskedVal = SrcVal;
  
    // See if there are other bits in the bitfield's storage we'll need to load
    // and mask together with source before storing.
    if (Info.StorageSize != Info.Size) {
      assert(Info.StorageSize > Info.Size && "Invalid bitfield size.");
      llvm::Value *Val = Builder.CreateAlignedLoad(Ptr, Align.getQuantity(),
                                                   Dst.isVolatileQualified(),
                                                   "bf.load");
  
      // Mask the source value as needed.
      if (!hasBooleanRepresentation(Dst.getType()))
        SrcVal = Builder.CreateAnd(SrcVal,
                                   llvm::APInt::getLowBitsSet(Info.StorageSize,
                                                              Info.Size),
                                   "bf.value");
      MaskedVal = SrcVal;
      if (Info.Offset)
        SrcVal = Builder.CreateShl(SrcVal, Info.Offset, "bf.shl");
  
      // Mask out the original value.
      Val = Builder.CreateAnd(Val,
                              ~llvm::APInt::getBitsSet(Info.StorageSize,
                                                       Info.Offset,
                                                       Info.Offset + Info.Size),
                              "bf.clear");
  
      // Or together the unchanged values and the source value.
      SrcVal = Builder.CreateOr(Val, SrcVal, "bf.set");
    } else {
      assert(Info.Offset == 0);
    }
  
    // Write the new value back out.
    Builder.CreateAlignedStore(SrcVal, Ptr, Align.getQuantity(),
                               Dst.isVolatileQualified());
  
    // Return the new value of the bit-field, if requested.
    if (Result) {
      llvm::Value *ResultVal = MaskedVal;
  
      // Sign extend the value if needed.
      if (Info.IsSigned) {
        assert(Info.Size <= Info.StorageSize);
        unsigned HighBits = Info.StorageSize - Info.Size;
        if (HighBits) {
          ResultVal = Builder.CreateShl(ResultVal, HighBits, "bf.result.shl");
          ResultVal = Builder.CreateAShr(ResultVal, HighBits, "bf.result.ashr");
        }
      }
  
      ResultVal = Builder.CreateIntCast(ResultVal, ResLTy, Info.IsSigned,
                                        "bf.result.cast");
      *Result = EmitFromMemory(ResultVal, Dst.getType());
    }
  }
  
  // HLSL Change - begin
  static bool IsHLSubscriptOfTypedBuffer(llvm::Value *V) {
    llvm::CallInst *CI = nullptr;
    llvm::Function *F = nullptr;
  
    if ((CI = dyn_cast<llvm::CallInst>(V)) &&
      (F = CI->getCalledFunction()) &&
      hlsl::GetHLOpcodeGroup(F) == hlsl::HLOpcodeGroup::HLSubscript)
    {
      for (llvm::Value *arg : CI->arg_operands()) {
        llvm::Type *Ty = arg->getType();
        if (Ty->isPointerTy()) {
          std::pair<bool, hlsl::DxilResourceProperties> Result =
            hlsl::dxilutil::GetHLSLResourceProperties(Ty->getPointerElementType());
  
          if (Result.first && 
            Result.second.isUAV() &&
            // These are the types of buffers that are typed.
            (hlsl::DxilResource::IsAnyTexture(Result.second.getResourceKind()) ||
             Result.second.getResourceKind() == hlsl::DXIL::ResourceKind::TypedBuffer))
          {
            return true;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  // HLSL Change - end
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitStoreThroughExtVectorComponentLValue(RValue Src,
                                                                 LValue Dst) {
    // This access turns into a read/modify/write of the vector.  Load the input
    // value now.
    llvm::LoadInst *Load = Builder.CreateLoad(Dst.getExtVectorAddr(),
                                              Dst.isVolatileQualified());
    Load->setAlignment(Dst.getAlignment().getQuantity());
    llvm::Value *Vec = Load;
    const llvm::Constant *Elts = Dst.getExtVectorElts();
  
    llvm::Value *SrcVal = Src.getScalarVal();
  
    // HLSL Change Starts
    SrcVal = EmitToMemory(SrcVal, Dst.getType());
  
    const VectorType *VTy = Dst.getType()->getAs<VectorType>();
    if (VTy == nullptr && getContext().getLangOpts().HLSL)
      VTy =
          hlsl::ConvertHLSLVecMatTypeToExtVectorType(getContext(), Dst.getType());
    llvm::Value * VecDstPtr = Dst.getExtVectorAddr();
    llvm::Value *Zero = Builder.getInt32(0);
    if (VTy) {
      llvm::Type *VecTy = VecDstPtr->getType()->getPointerElementType();
      unsigned NumSrcElts = VTy->getNumElements();
      if (VecTy->getVectorNumElements() == NumSrcElts) {
        // Full vector write, create one store.
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < VecTy->getVectorNumElements(); i++) {
          if (llvm::Constant *Elt = Elts->getAggregateElement(i)) {
            llvm::Value *SrcElt = Builder.CreateExtractElement(SrcVal, i);
            Vec = Builder.CreateInsertElement(Vec, SrcElt, Elt);
          }
        }
        Builder.CreateStore(Vec, VecDstPtr);
      } else {
  
        // If the vector pointer comes from subscripting a typed rw buffer (Buffer<>, Texture*<>, etc.),
        // insert the elements from the load.
        //
        // This is to avoid the final DXIL producing a load+store for each component later down the line,
        // as there's no clean way to associate the geps+store with each other.
        //
        if (IsHLSubscriptOfTypedBuffer(VecDstPtr)) {
          llvm::Value *vec = Load;
          for (unsigned i = 0; i < VecTy->getVectorNumElements(); i++) {
            if (llvm::Constant *Elt = Elts->getAggregateElement(i)) {
              llvm::Value *SrcElt = Builder.CreateExtractElement(SrcVal, i);
              vec = Builder.CreateInsertElement(vec, SrcElt, Elt);
            }
          }
          Builder.CreateStore(vec, VecDstPtr);
        }
        // Otherwise just do a gep + store for each component that we're writing to.
        else {
          for (unsigned i = 0; i < VecTy->getVectorNumElements(); i++) {
            if (llvm::Constant *Elt = Elts->getAggregateElement(i)) {
              llvm::Value *EltGEP = Builder.CreateGEP(VecDstPtr, {Zero, Elt});
              llvm::Value *SrcElt = Builder.CreateExtractElement(SrcVal, i);
              Builder.CreateStore(SrcElt, EltGEP);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      // If the Src is a scalar (not a vector) it must be updating one element.
      llvm::Value *EltGEP = Builder.CreateGEP(
          VecDstPtr, {Zero, Elts->getAggregateElement((unsigned)0)});
      Builder.CreateStore(SrcVal, EltGEP);
    }
    return;
    // HLSL Change Ends
    if (VTy) {  // HLSL Change
      unsigned NumSrcElts = VTy->getNumElements();
      unsigned NumDstElts =
         cast<llvm::VectorType>(Vec->getType())->getNumElements();
      if (NumDstElts == NumSrcElts) {
        // Use shuffle vector is the src and destination are the same number of
        // elements and restore the vector mask since it is on the side it will be
        // stored.
        SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 4> Mask(NumDstElts);
        for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumSrcElts; ++i)
          Mask[getAccessedFieldNo(i, Elts)] = Builder.getInt32(i);
  
        llvm::Value *MaskV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Mask);
        Vec = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(SrcVal,
                                          llvm::UndefValue::get(Vec->getType()),
                                          MaskV);
      } else if (NumDstElts > NumSrcElts) {
        // Extended the source vector to the same length and then shuffle it
        // into the destination.
        // FIXME: since we're shuffling with undef, can we just use the indices
        //        into that?  This could be simpler.
        SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 4> ExtMask;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumSrcElts; ++i)
          ExtMask.push_back(Builder.getInt32(i));
        ExtMask.resize(NumDstElts, llvm::UndefValue::get(Int32Ty));
        llvm::Value *ExtMaskV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(ExtMask);
        llvm::Value *ExtSrcVal =
          Builder.CreateShuffleVector(SrcVal,
                                      llvm::UndefValue::get(SrcVal->getType()),
                                      ExtMaskV);
        // build identity
        SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 4> Mask;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumDstElts; ++i)
          Mask.push_back(Builder.getInt32(i));
  
        // When the vector size is odd and .odd or .hi is used, the last element
        // of the Elts constant array will be one past the size of the vector.
        // Ignore the last element here, if it is greater than the mask size.
        if (getAccessedFieldNo(NumSrcElts - 1, Elts) == Mask.size())
          NumSrcElts--;
  
        // modify when what gets shuffled in
        for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumSrcElts; ++i)
          Mask[getAccessedFieldNo(i, Elts)] = Builder.getInt32(i+NumDstElts);
        llvm::Value *MaskV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Mask);
        Vec = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(Vec, ExtSrcVal, MaskV);
      } else {
        // We should never shorten the vector
        llvm_unreachable("unexpected shorten vector length");
      }
    } else {
      // If the Src is a scalar (not a vector) it must be updating one element.
      unsigned InIdx = getAccessedFieldNo(0, Elts);
      llvm::Value *Elt = llvm::ConstantInt::get(SizeTy, InIdx);
      Vec = Builder.CreateInsertElement(Vec, SrcVal, Elt);
    }
  
    llvm::StoreInst *Store = Builder.CreateStore(Vec, Dst.getExtVectorAddr(),
                                                 Dst.isVolatileQualified());
    Store->setAlignment(Dst.getAlignment().getQuantity());
  }
  
  /// @brief Store of global named registers are always calls to intrinsics.
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitStoreThroughGlobalRegLValue(RValue Src, LValue Dst) {
    assert((Dst.getType()->isIntegerType() || Dst.getType()->isPointerType()) &&
           "Bad type for register variable");
    llvm::MDNode *RegName = cast<llvm::MDNode>(
        cast<llvm::MetadataAsValue>(Dst.getGlobalReg())->getMetadata());
    assert(RegName && "Register LValue is not metadata");
  
    // We accept integer and pointer types only
    llvm::Type *OrigTy = CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(Dst.getType());
    llvm::Type *Ty = OrigTy;
    if (OrigTy->isPointerTy())
      Ty = CGM.getTypes().getDataLayout().getIntPtrType(OrigTy);
    llvm::Type *Types[] = { Ty };
  
    llvm::Value *F = CGM.getIntrinsic(llvm::Intrinsic::write_register, Types);
    llvm::Value *Value = Src.getScalarVal();
    if (OrigTy->isPointerTy())
      Value = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Value, Ty);
    Builder.CreateCall(
        F, {llvm::MetadataAsValue::get(Ty->getContext(), RegName), Value});
  }
  
  // setObjCGCLValueClass - sets class of the lvalue for the purpose of
  // generating write-barries API. It is currently a global, ivar,
  // or neither.
  static void setObjCGCLValueClass(const ASTContext &Ctx, const Expr *E,
                                   LValue &LV,
                                   bool IsMemberAccess=false) {
    if (Ctx.getLangOpts().getGC() == LangOptions::NonGC)
      return;
  
    if (isa<ObjCIvarRefExpr>(E)) {
      QualType ExpTy = E->getType();
      if (IsMemberAccess && ExpTy->isPointerType()) {
        // If ivar is a structure pointer, assigning to field of
        // this struct follows gcc's behavior and makes it a non-ivar
        // writer-barrier conservatively.
        ExpTy = ExpTy->getAs<PointerType>()->getPointeeType();
        if (ExpTy->isRecordType()) {
          LV.setObjCIvar(false);
          return;
        }
      }
      LV.setObjCIvar(true);
      auto *Exp = cast<ObjCIvarRefExpr>(const_cast<Expr *>(E));
      LV.setBaseIvarExp(Exp->getBase());
      LV.setObjCArray(E->getType()->isArrayType());
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(E)) {
      if (const auto *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(Exp->getDecl())) {
        if (VD->hasGlobalStorage()) {
          LV.setGlobalObjCRef(true);
          LV.setThreadLocalRef(VD->getTLSKind() != VarDecl::TLS_None);
        }
      }
      LV.setObjCArray(E->getType()->isArrayType());
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<UnaryOperator>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getSubExpr(), LV, IsMemberAccess);
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<ParenExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getSubExpr(), LV, IsMemberAccess);
      if (LV.isObjCIvar()) {
        // If cast is to a structure pointer, follow gcc's behavior and make it
        // a non-ivar write-barrier.
        QualType ExpTy = E->getType();
        if (ExpTy->isPointerType())
          ExpTy = ExpTy->getAs<PointerType>()->getPointeeType();
        if (ExpTy->isRecordType())
          LV.setObjCIvar(false);
      }
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<GenericSelectionExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getResultExpr(), LV);
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getSubExpr(), LV, IsMemberAccess);
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<CStyleCastExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getSubExpr(), LV, IsMemberAccess);
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<ObjCBridgedCastExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getSubExpr(), LV, IsMemberAccess);
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getBase(), LV);
      if (LV.isObjCIvar() && !LV.isObjCArray())
        // Using array syntax to assigning to what an ivar points to is not
        // same as assigning to the ivar itself. {id *Names;} Names[i] = 0;
        LV.setObjCIvar(false);
      else if (LV.isGlobalObjCRef() && !LV.isObjCArray())
        // Using array syntax to assigning to what global points to is not
        // same as assigning to the global itself. {id *G;} G[i] = 0;
        LV.setGlobalObjCRef(false);
      return;
    }
  
    if (const auto *Exp = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(E)) {
      setObjCGCLValueClass(Ctx, Exp->getBase(), LV, true);
      // We don't know if member is an 'ivar', but this flag is looked at
      // only in the context of LV.isObjCIvar().
      LV.setObjCArray(E->getType()->isArrayType());
      return;
    }
  }
  
  static llvm::Value *
  EmitBitCastOfLValueToProperType(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                  llvm::Value *V, llvm::Type *IRType,
                                  StringRef Name = StringRef()) {
    unsigned AS = cast<llvm::PointerType>(V->getType())->getAddressSpace();
    return CGF.Builder.CreateBitCast(V, IRType->getPointerTo(AS), Name);
  }
  
  static LValue EmitThreadPrivateVarDeclLValue(
      CodeGenFunction &CGF, const VarDecl *VD, QualType T, llvm::Value *V,
      llvm::Type *RealVarTy, CharUnits Alignment, SourceLocation Loc) {
    V = CGF.CGM.getOpenMPRuntime().getAddrOfThreadPrivate(CGF, VD, V, Loc);
    V = EmitBitCastOfLValueToProperType(CGF, V, RealVarTy);
    return CGF.MakeAddrLValue(V, T, Alignment);
  }
  
  static LValue EmitGlobalVarDeclLValue(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                        const Expr *E, const VarDecl *VD) {
    QualType T = E->getType();
  
    // If it's thread_local, emit a call to its wrapper function instead.
    if (VD->getTLSKind() == VarDecl::TLS_Dynamic &&
        CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().usesThreadWrapperFunction())
      return CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitThreadLocalVarDeclLValue(CGF, VD, T);
  
    llvm::Value *V = CGF.CGM.GetAddrOfGlobalVar(VD);
    llvm::Type *RealVarTy = CGF.getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(VD->getType());
    V = EmitBitCastOfLValueToProperType(CGF, V, RealVarTy);
    CharUnits Alignment = CGF.getContext().getDeclAlign(VD);
    LValue LV;
    // Emit reference to the private copy of the variable if it is an OpenMP
    // threadprivate variable.
    if (CGF.getLangOpts().OpenMP && VD->hasAttr<OMPThreadPrivateDeclAttr>())
      return EmitThreadPrivateVarDeclLValue(CGF, VD, T, V, RealVarTy, Alignment,
                                            E->getExprLoc());
    if (VD->getType()->isReferenceType()) {
      llvm::LoadInst *LI = CGF.Builder.CreateLoad(V);
      LI->setAlignment(Alignment.getQuantity());
      V = LI;
      LV = CGF.MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(V, T);
    } else {
      LV = CGF.MakeAddrLValue(V, T, Alignment);
    }
    setObjCGCLValueClass(CGF.getContext(), E, LV);
    return LV;
  }
  
  static LValue EmitFunctionDeclLValue(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                       const Expr *E, const FunctionDecl *FD) {
    llvm::Value *V = CGF.CGM.GetAddrOfFunction(FD);
    if (!FD->hasPrototype()) {
      if (const FunctionProtoType *Proto =
              FD->getType()->getAs<FunctionProtoType>()) {
        // Ugly case: for a K&R-style definition, the type of the definition
        // isn't the same as the type of a use.  Correct for this with a
        // bitcast.
        QualType NoProtoType =
            CGF.getContext().getFunctionNoProtoType(Proto->getReturnType());
        NoProtoType = CGF.getContext().getPointerType(NoProtoType);
        V = CGF.Builder.CreateBitCast(V, CGF.ConvertType(NoProtoType));
      }
    }
    CharUnits Alignment = CGF.getContext().getDeclAlign(FD);
    return CGF.MakeAddrLValue(V, E->getType(), Alignment);
  }
  
  static LValue EmitCapturedFieldLValue(CodeGenFunction &CGF, const FieldDecl *FD,
                                        llvm::Value *ThisValue) {
    QualType TagType = CGF.getContext().getTagDeclType(FD->getParent());
    LValue LV = CGF.MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(ThisValue, TagType);
    return CGF.EmitLValueForField(LV, FD);
  }
  
  /// Named Registers are named metadata pointing to the register name
  /// which will be read from/written to as an argument to the intrinsic
  /// @llvm.read/write_register.
  /// So far, only the name is being passed down, but other options such as
  /// register type, allocation type or even optimization options could be
  /// passed down via the metadata node.
  static LValue EmitGlobalNamedRegister(const VarDecl *VD,
                                        CodeGenModule &CGM,
                                        CharUnits Alignment) {
    SmallString<64> Name("llvm.named.register.");
    AsmLabelAttr *Asm = VD->getAttr<AsmLabelAttr>();
    assert(Asm->getLabel().size() < 64-Name.size() &&
        "Register name too big");
    Name.append(Asm->getLabel());
    llvm::NamedMDNode *M =
      CGM.getModule().getOrInsertNamedMetadata(Name);
    if (M->getNumOperands() == 0) {
      llvm::MDString *Str = llvm::MDString::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(),
                                                Asm->getLabel());
      llvm::Metadata *Ops[] = {Str};
      M->addOperand(llvm::MDNode::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(), Ops));
    }
    return LValue::MakeGlobalReg(
        llvm::MetadataAsValue::get(CGM.getLLVMContext(), M->getOperand(0)),
        VD->getType(), Alignment);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitDeclRefLValue(const DeclRefExpr *E) {
    const NamedDecl *ND = E->getDecl();
    CharUnits Alignment = getContext().getDeclAlign(ND);
    QualType T = E->getType();
  
    if (const auto *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(ND)) {
      // Global Named registers access via intrinsics only
      if (VD->getStorageClass() == SC_Register &&
          VD->hasAttr<AsmLabelAttr>() && !VD->isLocalVarDecl())
        return EmitGlobalNamedRegister(VD, CGM, Alignment);
  
      // A DeclRefExpr for a reference initialized by a constant expression can
      // appear without being odr-used. Directly emit the constant initializer.
      const Expr *Init = VD->getAnyInitializer(VD);
      if (Init && !isa<ParmVarDecl>(VD) && VD->getType()->isReferenceType() &&
          VD->isUsableInConstantExpressions(getContext()) &&
          VD->checkInitIsICE()) {
        llvm::Constant *Val =
          CGM.EmitConstantValue(*VD->evaluateValue(), VD->getType(), this);
        assert(Val && "failed to emit reference constant expression");
        // FIXME: Eventually we will want to emit vector element references.
        return MakeAddrLValue(Val, T, Alignment);
      }
  
      // Check for captured variables.
      if (E->refersToEnclosingVariableOrCapture()) {
        if (auto *FD = LambdaCaptureFields.lookup(VD))
          return EmitCapturedFieldLValue(*this, FD, CXXABIThisValue);
        else if (CapturedStmtInfo) {
          if (auto *V = LocalDeclMap.lookup(VD))
            return MakeAddrLValue(V, T, Alignment);
          else
            return EmitCapturedFieldLValue(*this, CapturedStmtInfo->lookup(VD),
                                           CapturedStmtInfo->getContextValue());
        }
        assert(isa<BlockDecl>(CurCodeDecl));
        return MakeAddrLValue(GetAddrOfBlockDecl(VD, VD->hasAttr<BlocksAttr>()),
                              T, Alignment);
      }
    }
  
    // FIXME: We should be able to assert this for FunctionDecls as well!
    // FIXME: We should be able to assert this for all DeclRefExprs, not just
    // those with a valid source location.
    assert((ND->isUsed(false) || !isa<VarDecl>(ND) ||
            !E->getLocation().isValid()) &&
           "Should not use decl without marking it used!");
  
    if (ND->hasAttr<WeakRefAttr>()) {
      const auto *VD = cast<ValueDecl>(ND);
      llvm::Constant *Aliasee = CGM.GetWeakRefReference(VD);
      return MakeAddrLValue(Aliasee, T, Alignment);
    }
  
    if (const auto *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(ND)) {
      // Check if this is a global variable.
      if (VD->hasLinkage() || VD->isStaticDataMember())
        return EmitGlobalVarDeclLValue(*this, E, VD);
  
      bool isBlockVariable = VD->hasAttr<BlocksAttr>();
  
      llvm::Value *V = LocalDeclMap.lookup(VD);
      if (!V && VD->isStaticLocal())
        V = CGM.getOrCreateStaticVarDecl(
            *VD, CGM.getLLVMLinkageVarDefinition(VD, /*isConstant=*/false));
  
      // Check if variable is threadprivate.
      if (V && getLangOpts().OpenMP && VD->hasAttr<OMPThreadPrivateDeclAttr>())
        return EmitThreadPrivateVarDeclLValue(
            *this, VD, T, V, getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(VD->getType()),
            Alignment, E->getExprLoc());
  
      assert(V && "DeclRefExpr not entered in LocalDeclMap?");
  
      if (isBlockVariable)
        V = BuildBlockByrefAddress(V, VD);
  
      LValue LV;
      // HLSL Change Begins
      if (getLangOpts().HLSL) {
        // In hlsl, the referent type is for out parameter.
        // No pointer of pointer temp alloca created for it.
        // So always use V directly.
        LV = MakeAddrLValue(V, T, Alignment);
      } else
      // HLSL Change Ends
      if (VD->getType()->isReferenceType()) {
        llvm::LoadInst *LI = Builder.CreateLoad(V);
        LI->setAlignment(Alignment.getQuantity());
        V = LI;
        LV = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(V, T);
      } else {
        LV = MakeAddrLValue(V, T, Alignment);
      }
  
      bool isLocalStorage = VD->hasLocalStorage();
  
      bool NonGCable = isLocalStorage &&
                       !VD->getType()->isReferenceType() &&
                       !isBlockVariable;
      if (NonGCable) {
        LV.getQuals().removeObjCGCAttr();
        LV.setNonGC(true);
      }
  
      bool isImpreciseLifetime =
        (isLocalStorage && !VD->hasAttr<ObjCPreciseLifetimeAttr>());
      if (isImpreciseLifetime)
        LV.setARCPreciseLifetime(ARCImpreciseLifetime);
      setObjCGCLValueClass(getContext(), E, LV);
      return LV;
    }
  
    if (const auto *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(ND))
      return EmitFunctionDeclLValue(*this, E, FD);
  
    llvm_unreachable("Unhandled DeclRefExpr");
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitUnaryOpLValue(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    // __extension__ doesn't affect lvalue-ness.
    if (E->getOpcode() == UO_Extension)
      return EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
  
    QualType ExprTy = getContext().getCanonicalType(E->getSubExpr()->getType());
    switch (E->getOpcode()) {
    default: llvm_unreachable("Unknown unary operator lvalue!");
    case UO_Deref: {
      QualType T = E->getSubExpr()->getType()->getPointeeType();
      assert(!T.isNull() && "CodeGenFunction::EmitUnaryOpLValue: Illegal type");
  
      LValue LV = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(EmitScalarExpr(E->getSubExpr()), T);
      LV.getQuals().setAddressSpace(ExprTy.getAddressSpace());
  
      // We should not generate __weak write barrier on indirect reference
      // of a pointer to object; as in void foo (__weak id *param); *param = 0;
      // But, we continue to generate __strong write barrier on indirect write
      // into a pointer to object.
      if (getLangOpts().ObjC1 &&
          getLangOpts().getGC() != LangOptions::NonGC &&
          LV.isObjCWeak())
        LV.setNonGC(!E->isOBJCGCCandidate(getContext()));
      return LV;
    }
    case UO_Real:
    case UO_Imag: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      assert(LV.isSimple() && "real/imag on non-ordinary l-value");
      llvm::Value *Addr = LV.getAddress();
  
      // __real is valid on scalars.  This is a faster way of testing that.
      // __imag can only produce an rvalue on scalars.
      if (E->getOpcode() == UO_Real &&
          !cast<llvm::PointerType>(Addr->getType())
             ->getElementType()->isStructTy()) {
        assert(E->getSubExpr()->getType()->isArithmeticType());
        return LV;
      }
  
      assert(E->getSubExpr()->getType()->isAnyComplexType());
  
      unsigned Idx = E->getOpcode() == UO_Imag;
      return MakeAddrLValue(
          Builder.CreateStructGEP(nullptr, LV.getAddress(), Idx, "idx"), ExprTy);
    }
    case UO_PreInc:
    case UO_PreDec: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      bool isInc = E->getOpcode() == UO_PreInc;
  
      if (E->getType()->isAnyComplexType())
        EmitComplexPrePostIncDec(E, LV, isInc, true/*isPre*/);
      else
        EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(E, LV, isInc, true/*isPre*/);
      return LV;
    }
    }
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitStringLiteralLValue(const StringLiteral *E) {
    return MakeAddrLValue(CGM.GetAddrOfConstantStringFromLiteral(E),
                          E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCEncodeExprLValue(const ObjCEncodeExpr *E) {
    return MakeAddrLValue(CGM.GetAddrOfConstantStringFromObjCEncode(E),
                          E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitPredefinedLValue(const PredefinedExpr *E) {
    auto SL = E->getFunctionName();
    assert(SL != nullptr && "No StringLiteral name in PredefinedExpr");
    StringRef FnName = CurFn->getName();
    if (FnName.startswith("\01"))
      FnName = FnName.substr(1);
    StringRef NameItems[] = {
        PredefinedExpr::getIdentTypeName(E->getIdentType()), FnName};
    std::string GVName = llvm::join(NameItems, NameItems + 2, ".");
    if (CurCodeDecl && isa<BlockDecl>(CurCodeDecl)) {
      auto C = CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCString(FnName, GVName.c_str(), 1);
      return MakeAddrLValue(C, E->getType());
    }
    auto C = CGM.GetAddrOfConstantStringFromLiteral(SL, GVName);
    return MakeAddrLValue(C, E->getType());
  }
  
  /// Emit a type description suitable for use by a runtime sanitizer library. The
  /// format of a type descriptor is
  ///
  /// \code
  ///   { i16 TypeKind, i16 TypeInfo }
  /// \endcode
  ///
  /// followed by an array of i8 containing the type name. TypeKind is 0 for an
  /// integer, 1 for a floating point value, and -1 for anything else.
  llvm::Constant *CodeGenFunction::EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(QualType T) {
    // Only emit each type's descriptor once.
    if (llvm::Constant *C = CGM.getTypeDescriptorFromMap(T))
      return C;
  
    uint16_t TypeKind = -1;
    uint16_t TypeInfo = 0;
  
    if (T->isIntegerType()) {
      TypeKind = 0;
      TypeInfo = (llvm::Log2_32(getContext().getTypeSize(T)) << 1) |
                 (T->isSignedIntegerType() ? 1 : 0);
    } else if (T->isFloatingType()) {
      TypeKind = 1;
      TypeInfo = getContext().getTypeSize(T);
    }
  
    // Format the type name as if for a diagnostic, including quotes and
    // optionally an 'aka'.
    SmallString<32> Buffer;
    CGM.getDiags().ConvertArgToString(DiagnosticsEngine::ak_qualtype,
                                      (intptr_t)T.getAsOpaquePtr(),
                                      StringRef(), StringRef(), None, Buffer,
                                      None);
  
    llvm::Constant *Components[] = {
      Builder.getInt16(TypeKind), Builder.getInt16(TypeInfo),
      llvm::ConstantDataArray::getString(getLLVMContext(), Buffer)
    };
    llvm::Constant *Descriptor = llvm::ConstantStruct::getAnon(Components);
  
    auto *GV = new llvm::GlobalVariable(
        CGM.getModule(), Descriptor->getType(),
        /*isConstant=*/true, llvm::GlobalVariable::PrivateLinkage, Descriptor);
    GV->setUnnamedAddr(true);
    CGM.getSanitizerMetadata()->disableSanitizerForGlobal(GV);
  
    // Remember the descriptor for this type.
    CGM.setTypeDescriptorInMap(T, GV);
  
    return GV;
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitCheckValue(llvm::Value *V) {
    llvm::Type *TargetTy = IntPtrTy;
  
    // Floating-point types which fit into intptr_t are bitcast to integers
    // and then passed directly (after zero-extension, if necessary).
    if (V->getType()->isFloatingPointTy()) {
      unsigned Bits = V->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
      if (Bits <= TargetTy->getIntegerBitWidth())
        V = Builder.CreateBitCast(V, llvm::Type::getIntNTy(getLLVMContext(),
                                                           Bits));
    }
  
    // Integers which fit in intptr_t are zero-extended and passed directly.
    if (V->getType()->isIntegerTy() &&
        V->getType()->getIntegerBitWidth() <= TargetTy->getIntegerBitWidth())
      return Builder.CreateZExt(V, TargetTy);
  
    // Pointers are passed directly, everything else is passed by address.
    if (!V->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
      llvm::Value *Ptr = CreateTempAlloca(V->getType());
      Builder.CreateStore(V, Ptr);
      V = Ptr;
    }
    return Builder.CreatePtrToInt(V, TargetTy);
  }
  
  /// \brief Emit a representation of a SourceLocation for passing to a handler
  /// in a sanitizer runtime library. The format for this data is:
  /// \code
  ///   struct SourceLocation {
  ///     const char *Filename;
  ///     int32_t Line, Column;
  ///   };
  /// \endcode
  /// For an invalid SourceLocation, the Filename pointer is null.
  llvm::Constant *CodeGenFunction::EmitCheckSourceLocation(SourceLocation Loc) {
    llvm::Constant *Filename;
    int Line, Column;
  
    PresumedLoc PLoc = getContext().getSourceManager().getPresumedLoc(Loc);
    if (PLoc.isValid()) {
      auto FilenameGV = CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCString(PLoc.getFilename(), ".src");
      CGM.getSanitizerMetadata()->disableSanitizerForGlobal(FilenameGV);
      Filename = FilenameGV;
      Line = PLoc.getLine();
      Column = PLoc.getColumn();
    } else {
      Filename = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(Int8PtrTy);
      Line = Column = 0;
    }
  
    llvm::Constant *Data[] = {Filename, Builder.getInt32(Line),
                              Builder.getInt32(Column)};
  
    return llvm::ConstantStruct::getAnon(Data);
  }
  
  namespace {
  /// \brief Specify under what conditions this check can be recovered
  enum class CheckRecoverableKind {
    /// Always terminate program execution if this check fails.
    Unrecoverable,
    /// Check supports recovering, runtime has both fatal (noreturn) and
    /// non-fatal handlers for this check.
    Recoverable,
    /// Runtime conditionally aborts, always need to support recovery.
    AlwaysRecoverable
  };
  }
  
  static CheckRecoverableKind getRecoverableKind(SanitizerMask Kind) {
    assert(llvm::countPopulation(Kind) == 1);
    switch (Kind) {
    case SanitizerKind::Vptr:
      return CheckRecoverableKind::AlwaysRecoverable;
    case SanitizerKind::Return:
    case SanitizerKind::Unreachable:
      return CheckRecoverableKind::Unrecoverable;
    default:
      return CheckRecoverableKind::Recoverable;
    }
  }
  
  static void emitCheckHandlerCall(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                   llvm::FunctionType *FnType,
                                   ArrayRef<llvm::Value *> FnArgs,
                                   StringRef CheckName,
                                   CheckRecoverableKind RecoverKind, bool IsFatal,
                                   llvm::BasicBlock *ContBB) {
    assert(IsFatal || RecoverKind != CheckRecoverableKind::Unrecoverable);
    bool NeedsAbortSuffix =
        IsFatal && RecoverKind != CheckRecoverableKind::Unrecoverable;
    std::string FnName = ("__ubsan_handle_" + CheckName +
                          (NeedsAbortSuffix ? "_abort" : "")).str();
    bool MayReturn =
        !IsFatal || RecoverKind == CheckRecoverableKind::AlwaysRecoverable;
  
    llvm::AttrBuilder B;
    if (!MayReturn) {
      B.addAttribute(llvm::Attribute::NoReturn)
          .addAttribute(llvm::Attribute::NoUnwind);
    }
    B.addAttribute(llvm::Attribute::UWTable);
  
    llvm::Value *Fn = CGF.CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(
        FnType, FnName,
        llvm::AttributeSet::get(CGF.getLLVMContext(),
                                llvm::AttributeSet::FunctionIndex, B));
    llvm::CallInst *HandlerCall = CGF.EmitNounwindRuntimeCall(Fn, FnArgs);
    if (!MayReturn) {
      HandlerCall->setDoesNotReturn();
      CGF.Builder.CreateUnreachable();
    } else {
      CGF.Builder.CreateBr(ContBB);
    }
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitCheck(
      ArrayRef<std::pair<llvm::Value *, SanitizerMask>> Checked,
      StringRef CheckName, ArrayRef<llvm::Constant *> StaticArgs,
      ArrayRef<llvm::Value *> DynamicArgs) {
    assert(IsSanitizerScope);
    assert(Checked.size() > 0);
  
    llvm::Value *FatalCond = nullptr;
    llvm::Value *RecoverableCond = nullptr;
    llvm::Value *TrapCond = nullptr;
    for (int i = 0, n = Checked.size(); i < n; ++i) {
      llvm::Value *Check = Checked[i].first;
      // -fsanitize-trap= overrides -fsanitize-recover=.
      llvm::Value *&Cond =
          CGM.getCodeGenOpts().SanitizeTrap.has(Checked[i].second)
              ? TrapCond
              : CGM.getCodeGenOpts().SanitizeRecover.has(Checked[i].second)
                    ? RecoverableCond
                    : FatalCond;
      Cond = Cond ? Builder.CreateAnd(Cond, Check) : Check;
    }
  
    if (TrapCond)
      EmitTrapCheck(TrapCond);
    if (!FatalCond && !RecoverableCond)
      return;
  
    llvm::Value *JointCond;
    if (FatalCond && RecoverableCond)
      JointCond = Builder.CreateAnd(FatalCond, RecoverableCond);
    else
      JointCond = FatalCond ? FatalCond : RecoverableCond;
    assert(JointCond);
  
    CheckRecoverableKind RecoverKind = getRecoverableKind(Checked[0].second);
    assert(SanOpts.has(Checked[0].second));
  #ifndef NDEBUG
    for (int i = 1, n = Checked.size(); i < n; ++i) {
      assert(RecoverKind == getRecoverableKind(Checked[i].second) &&
             "All recoverable kinds in a single check must be same!");
      assert(SanOpts.has(Checked[i].second));
    }
  #endif
  
    llvm::BasicBlock *Cont = createBasicBlock("cont");
    llvm::BasicBlock *Handlers = createBasicBlock("handler." + CheckName);
    llvm::Instruction *Branch = Builder.CreateCondBr(JointCond, Cont, Handlers);
    // Give hint that we very much don't expect to execute the handler
    // Value chosen to match UR_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT, see BranchProbabilityInfo.cpp
    llvm::MDBuilder MDHelper(getLLVMContext());
    llvm::MDNode *Node = MDHelper.createBranchWeights((1U << 20) - 1, 1);
    Branch->setMetadata(llvm::LLVMContext::MD_prof, Node);
    EmitBlock(Handlers);
  
    // Emit handler arguments and create handler function type.
    llvm::Constant *Info = llvm::ConstantStruct::getAnon(StaticArgs);
    auto *InfoPtr =
        new llvm::GlobalVariable(CGM.getModule(), Info->getType(), false,
                                 llvm::GlobalVariable::PrivateLinkage, Info);
    InfoPtr->setUnnamedAddr(true);
    CGM.getSanitizerMetadata()->disableSanitizerForGlobal(InfoPtr);
  
    SmallVector<llvm::Value *, 4> Args;
    SmallVector<llvm::Type *, 4> ArgTypes;
    Args.reserve(DynamicArgs.size() + 1);
    ArgTypes.reserve(DynamicArgs.size() + 1);
  
    // Handler functions take an i8* pointing to the (handler-specific) static
    // information block, followed by a sequence of intptr_t arguments
    // representing operand values.
    Args.push_back(Builder.CreateBitCast(InfoPtr, Int8PtrTy));
    ArgTypes.push_back(Int8PtrTy);
    for (size_t i = 0, n = DynamicArgs.size(); i != n; ++i) {
      Args.push_back(EmitCheckValue(DynamicArgs[i]));
      ArgTypes.push_back(IntPtrTy);
    }
  
    llvm::FunctionType *FnType =
      llvm::FunctionType::get(CGM.VoidTy, ArgTypes, false);
  
    if (!FatalCond || !RecoverableCond) {
      // Simple case: we need to generate a single handler call, either
      // fatal, or non-fatal.
      emitCheckHandlerCall(*this, FnType, Args, CheckName, RecoverKind,
                           (FatalCond != nullptr), Cont);
    } else {
      // Emit two handler calls: first one for set of unrecoverable checks,
      // another one for recoverable.
      llvm::BasicBlock *NonFatalHandlerBB =
          createBasicBlock("non_fatal." + CheckName);
      llvm::BasicBlock *FatalHandlerBB = createBasicBlock("fatal." + CheckName);
      Builder.CreateCondBr(FatalCond, NonFatalHandlerBB, FatalHandlerBB);
      EmitBlock(FatalHandlerBB);
      emitCheckHandlerCall(*this, FnType, Args, CheckName, RecoverKind, true,
                           NonFatalHandlerBB);
      EmitBlock(NonFatalHandlerBB);
      emitCheckHandlerCall(*this, FnType, Args, CheckName, RecoverKind, false,
                           Cont);
    }
  
    EmitBlock(Cont);
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::EmitTrapCheck(llvm::Value *Checked) {
    llvm::BasicBlock *Cont = createBasicBlock("cont");
  
    // If we're optimizing, collapse all calls to trap down to just one per
    // function to save on code size.
    if (!CGM.getCodeGenOpts().OptimizationLevel || !TrapBB) {
      TrapBB = createBasicBlock("trap");
      Builder.CreateCondBr(Checked, Cont, TrapBB);
      EmitBlock(TrapBB);
      llvm::CallInst *TrapCall = EmitTrapCall(llvm::Intrinsic::trap);
      TrapCall->setDoesNotReturn();
      TrapCall->setDoesNotThrow();
      Builder.CreateUnreachable();
    } else {
      Builder.CreateCondBr(Checked, Cont, TrapBB);
    }
  
    EmitBlock(Cont);
  }
  
  llvm::CallInst *CodeGenFunction::EmitTrapCall(llvm::Intrinsic::ID IntrID) {
    llvm::CallInst *TrapCall = Builder.CreateCall(CGM.getIntrinsic(IntrID));
  
    if (!CGM.getCodeGenOpts().TrapFuncName.empty())
      TrapCall->addAttribute(llvm::AttributeSet::FunctionIndex,
                             "trap-func-name",
                             CGM.getCodeGenOpts().TrapFuncName);
  
    return TrapCall;
  }
  
  /// isSimpleArrayDecayOperand - If the specified expr is a simple decay from an
  /// array to pointer, return the array subexpression.
  static const Expr *isSimpleArrayDecayOperand(const Expr *E) {
    // If this isn't just an array->pointer decay, bail out.
    const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CastExpr>(E);
    if (!CE || CE->getCastKind() != CK_ArrayToPointerDecay)
      return nullptr;
  
    // If this is a decay from variable width array, bail out.
    const Expr *SubExpr = CE->getSubExpr();
    if (SubExpr->getType()->isVariableArrayType())
      return nullptr;
  
    return SubExpr;
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitArraySubscriptExpr(const ArraySubscriptExpr *E,
                                                 bool Accessed) {
    // The index must always be an integer, which is not an aggregate.  Emit it.
    llvm::Value *Idx = EmitScalarExpr(E->getIdx());
    QualType IdxTy  = E->getIdx()->getType();
    bool IdxSigned = IdxTy->isSignedIntegerOrEnumerationType();
  
    if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::ArrayBounds))
      EmitBoundsCheck(E, E->getBase(), Idx, IdxTy, Accessed);
  
    // If the base is a vector type, then we are forming a vector element lvalue
    // with this subscript.
    if (E->getBase()->getType()->isVectorType() &&
        !isa<ExtVectorElementExpr>(E->getBase())) {
      // Emit the vector as an lvalue to get its address.
      LValue LHS = EmitLValue(E->getBase());
      assert(LHS.isSimple() && "Can only subscript lvalue vectors here!");
      return LValue::MakeVectorElt(LHS.getAddress(), Idx,
                                   E->getBase()->getType(), LHS.getAlignment());
    }
  
    // Extend or truncate the index type to 32 or 64-bits.
    if (Idx->getType() != IntPtrTy)
      Idx = Builder.CreateIntCast(Idx, IntPtrTy, IdxSigned, "idxprom");
  
    // HLSL Change Starts
    const Expr *Array = isSimpleArrayDecayOperand(E->getBase());
    assert((!getLangOpts().HLSL || nullptr == Array) &&
           "else array decay snuck in AST for HLSL");
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
    // We know that the pointer points to a type of the correct size, unless the
    // size is a VLA or Objective-C interface.
    llvm::Value *Address = nullptr;
    CharUnits ArrayAlignment;
    if (isa<ExtVectorElementExpr>(E->getBase())) {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getBase());
      Address = EmitExtVectorElementLValue(LV);
      Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Address, Idx, "arrayidx");
      const VectorType *ExprVT = LV.getType()->getAs<VectorType>();
      QualType EQT = ExprVT->getElementType();
      return MakeAddrLValue(Address, EQT,
                            getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(EQT));
    }
    else if (const VariableArrayType *vla =
             getContext().getAsVariableArrayType(E->getType())) {
      // The base must be a pointer, which is not an aggregate.  Emit
      // it.  It needs to be emitted first in case it's what captures
      // the VLA bounds.
      Address = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
  
      // The element count here is the total number of non-VLA elements.
      llvm::Value *numElements = getVLASize(vla).first;
  
      // Effectively, the multiply by the VLA size is part of the GEP.
      // GEP indexes are signed, and scaling an index isn't permitted to
      // signed-overflow, so we use the same semantics for our explicit
      // multiply.  We suppress this if overflow is not undefined behavior.
      if (getLangOpts().isSignedOverflowDefined()) {
        Idx = Builder.CreateMul(Idx, numElements);
        Address = Builder.CreateGEP(Address, Idx, "arrayidx");
      } else {
        Idx = Builder.CreateNSWMul(Idx, numElements);
        Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Address, Idx, "arrayidx");
      }
    } else if (const ObjCObjectType *OIT = E->getType()->getAs<ObjCObjectType>()){
      // Indexing over an interface, as in "NSString *P; P[4];"
      llvm::Value *InterfaceSize =
        llvm::ConstantInt::get(Idx->getType(),
            getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(OIT).getQuantity());
  
      Idx = Builder.CreateMul(Idx, InterfaceSize);
  
      // The base must be a pointer, which is not an aggregate.  Emit it.
      llvm::Value *Base = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
      Address = EmitCastToVoidPtr(Base);
      Address = Builder.CreateGEP(Address, Idx, "arrayidx");
      Address = Builder.CreateBitCast(Address, Base->getType());
    } else if (!getLangOpts().HLSL && Array) { // HLSL Change - No Array to pointer decay for HLSL
      // If this is A[i] where A is an array, the frontend will have decayed the
      // base to be a ArrayToPointerDecay implicit cast.  While correct, it is
      // inefficient at -O0 to emit a "gep A, 0, 0" when codegen'ing it, then a
      // "gep x, i" here.  Emit one "gep A, 0, i".
      assert(Array->getType()->isArrayType() &&
             "Array to pointer decay must have array source type!");
      LValue ArrayLV;
      // For simple multidimensional array indexing, set the 'accessed' flag for
      // better bounds-checking of the base expression.
      if (const auto *ASE = dyn_cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(Array))
        ArrayLV = EmitArraySubscriptExpr(ASE, /*Accessed*/ true);
      else
        ArrayLV = EmitLValue(Array);
      llvm::Value *ArrayPtr = ArrayLV.getAddress();
      llvm::Value *Zero = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, 0);
      llvm::Value *Args[] = { Zero, Idx };
  
      // Propagate the alignment from the array itself to the result.
      ArrayAlignment = ArrayLV.getAlignment();
  
      if (getLangOpts().isSignedOverflowDefined())
        Address = Builder.CreateGEP(ArrayPtr, Args, "arrayidx");
      else
        Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(ArrayPtr, Args, "arrayidx");
    } else {
      // HLSL Change Starts
      const ArrayType *AT = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(E->getBase()->getType()->getCanonicalTypeUnqualified());
      if (getContext().getLangOpts().HLSL && AT) {
        LValue ArrayLV;
        // For simple multidimensional array indexing, set the 'accessed' flag for
        // better bounds-checking of the base expression.
        if (const auto *ASE = dyn_cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(E->getBase()))
          ArrayLV = EmitArraySubscriptExpr(ASE, /*Accessed*/ true);
        else
          ArrayLV = EmitLValue(E->getBase());
        llvm::Value *ArrayPtr = ArrayLV.getAddress();
  
        llvm::Value *Zero = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, 0);
        llvm::Value *Args[] = { Zero, Idx };
  
        // Propagate the alignment from the array itself to the result.
        ArrayAlignment = ArrayLV.getAlignment();
  
        if (getLangOpts().isSignedOverflowDefined())
          Address = Builder.CreateGEP(ArrayPtr, Args, "arrayidx");
        else
          Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(ArrayPtr, Args, "arrayidx");
  
      } else {
        // HLSL Change Ends
        // The base must be a pointer, which is not an aggregate.  Emit it.
        llvm::Value *Base = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
        if (getLangOpts().isSignedOverflowDefined())
          Address = Builder.CreateGEP(Base, Idx, "arrayidx");
        else
          Address = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Base, Idx, "arrayidx");
      } // HLSL Change 
    }
  
    QualType T = E->getBase()->getType()->getPointeeType();
    // HLSL Change Starts
    if (getContext().getLangOpts().HLSL && T.isNull()) {
      T = QualType(E->getBase()->getType()->getArrayElementTypeNoTypeQual(), 0);
    }
    // HLSL Change Ends
    assert(!T.isNull() &&
           "CodeGenFunction::EmitArraySubscriptExpr(): Illegal base type");
  
  
    // Limit the alignment to that of the result type.
    LValue LV;
    if (!ArrayAlignment.isZero()) {
      CharUnits Align = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(T);
      ArrayAlignment = std::min(Align, ArrayAlignment);
      LV = MakeAddrLValue(Address, T, ArrayAlignment);
    } else {
      LV = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(Address, T);
    }
  
    LV.getQuals().setAddressSpace(E->getBase()->getType().getAddressSpace());
  
    if (getLangOpts().ObjC1 &&
        getLangOpts().getGC() != LangOptions::NonGC) {
      LV.setNonGC(!E->isOBJCGCCandidate(getContext()));
      setObjCGCLValueClass(getContext(), E, LV);
    }
    return LV;
  }
  
  static
  llvm::Constant *GenerateConstantVector(CGBuilderTy &Builder,
                                         SmallVectorImpl<unsigned> &Elts) {
    SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 4> CElts;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Elts.size(); i != e; ++i)
      CElts.push_back(Builder.getInt32(Elts[i]));
  
    return llvm::ConstantVector::get(CElts);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::
  EmitExtVectorElementExpr(const ExtVectorElementExpr *E) {
    // Emit the base vector as an l-value.
    LValue Base;
  
    // ExtVectorElementExpr's base can either be a vector or pointer to vector.
    if (E->isArrow()) {
      // If it is a pointer to a vector, emit the address and form an lvalue with
      // it.
      llvm::Value *Ptr = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
      const PointerType *PT = E->getBase()->getType()->getAs<PointerType>();
      Base = MakeAddrLValue(Ptr, PT->getPointeeType());
      Base.getQuals().removeObjCGCAttr();
    } else if (E->getBase()->isGLValue()) {
      // Otherwise, if the base is an lvalue ( as in the case of foo.x.x),
      // emit the base as an lvalue.
      assert(E->getBase()->getType()->isVectorType());
      Base = EmitLValue(E->getBase());
    } else {
      // Otherwise, the base is a normal rvalue (as in (V+V).x), emit it as such.
      assert(E->getBase()->getType()->isVectorType() &&
             "Result must be a vector");
      llvm::Value *Vec = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
  
      // Store the vector to memory (because LValue wants an address).
      llvm::Value *VecMem = CreateMemTemp(E->getBase()->getType());
      Builder.CreateStore(Vec, VecMem);
      Base = MakeAddrLValue(VecMem, E->getBase()->getType());
    }
  
    QualType type =
      E->getType().withCVRQualifiers(Base.getQuals().getCVRQualifiers());
  
    // Encode the element access list into a vector of unsigned indices.
    SmallVector<unsigned, 4> Indices;
    E->getEncodedElementAccess(Indices);
  
    if (Base.isSimple()) {
      llvm::Constant *CV = GenerateConstantVector(Builder, Indices);
      return LValue::MakeExtVectorElt(Base.getAddress(), CV, type,
                                      Base.getAlignment());
    }
    assert(Base.isExtVectorElt() && "Can only subscript lvalue vec elts here!");
  
    llvm::Constant *BaseElts = Base.getExtVectorElts();
    SmallVector<llvm::Constant *, 4> CElts;
  
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Indices.size(); i != e; ++i)
      CElts.push_back(BaseElts->getAggregateElement(Indices[i]));
    llvm::Constant *CV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(CElts);
    return LValue::MakeExtVectorElt(Base.getExtVectorAddr(), CV, type,
                                    Base.getAlignment());
  }
  
  // HLSL Change Starts
  LValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitExtMatrixElementExpr(const ExtMatrixElementExpr *E) {
    LValue Base;
  
    assert(!E->isArrow() && "ExtMatrixElementExpr's base will not be Arrow");
    if (E->getBase()->isGLValue()) {
      // if the base is an lvalue ( as in the case of foo.x.x),
      // emit the base as an lvalue.
      const Expr *base = E->getBase();
  
      assert(hlsl::IsHLSLMatType(base->getType()));
      Base = EmitLValue(base);
    } else {
      // Otherwise, the base is a normal rvalue (as in (V+V).x), emit it as such.
      assert(hlsl::IsHLSLMatType(E->getBase()->getType()) &&
             "Result must be a vector");
      llvm::Value *Vec = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
  
      // Store the vector to memory (because LValue wants an address).
      llvm::Value *VecMem = CreateMemTemp(E->getBase()->getType());
      CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLMatrixStore(*this, Vec, VecMem, E->getBase()->getType());
      Base = MakeAddrLValue(VecMem, E->getBase()->getType());
    }
    
    // Encode the element access list into a vector of unsigned indices.
    SmallVector<unsigned, 4> Indices;
    E->getEncodedElementAccess(Indices);
  
    llvm::Type *ResultTy =
        ConvertType(getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType()));
  
    llvm::Value *matBase = nullptr;
    llvm::Constant *CV = nullptr;
  
    if (Base.isSimple()) {
      SmallVector<llvm::Constant *, 4> CElts;
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = Indices.size(); i != e; ++i)
        CElts.push_back(Builder.getInt32(Indices[i]));
  
      CV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(CElts);
      matBase = Base.getAddress();
    } else {
      assert(Base.isExtVectorElt() && "Can only subscript lvalue vec elts here!");
  
      llvm::Constant *BaseElts = Base.getExtVectorElts();
      SmallVector<llvm::Constant *, 4> CElts;
  
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = Indices.size(); i != e; ++i)
        CElts.push_back(BaseElts->getAggregateElement(Indices[i]));
  
      CV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(CElts);
      matBase = Base.getExtVectorAddr();
    }
  
    llvm::Value *Result = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLMatrixElement(
        *this, ResultTy, {matBase, CV}, E->getBase()->getType());
    return MakeAddrLValue(Result, E->getType());
  }
  LValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitHLSLVectorElementExpr(const HLSLVectorElementExpr *E) {
    // Emit the base vector as an l-value.
    // Clone EmitExtVectorElementExpr for now
    // TODO: difference between ExtVector and HlslVector
    LValue Base;
  
    // ExtVectorElementExpr's base can either be a vector or pointer to vector.
    if (E->isArrow()) {
      // If it is a pointer to a vector, emit the address and form an lvalue with
      // it.
      assert(!getLangOpts().HLSL && "this will not happen for hlsl");
    } else if (E->getBase()->isGLValue()) {
      // Otherwise, if the base is an lvalue ( as in the case of foo.x.x),
      // emit the base as an lvalue.
      const Expr *base = E->getBase();
      if (const ImplicitCastExpr *ICE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(base)) {
        if (ICE->getCastKind() == CastKind::CK_HLSLVectorSplat &&
            E->getNumElements() == 1) {
          // For pattern like:
          //   static bool t;
          //   t.x = bool(a);
          // Just ignore the .x, treat it like t = bool(a);
          return EmitLValue(ICE->getSubExpr());
        }
      }
      assert(hlsl::IsHLSLVecType(base->getType()));
      Base = EmitLValue(base);
    } else {
      // Otherwise, the base is a normal rvalue (as in (V+V).x), emit it as such.
      assert(hlsl::IsHLSLVecType(E->getBase()->getType()) &&
             "Result must be a vector");
      llvm::Value *Vec = EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
      Vec = EmitToMemory(Vec, E->getBase()->getType());
  
      // Store the vector to memory (because LValue wants an address).
      llvm::Value *VecMemPtr = CreateMemTemp(E->getBase()->getType());
      Builder.CreateStore(Vec, VecMemPtr);
      Base = MakeAddrLValue(VecMemPtr, E->getBase()->getType());
    }
  
    QualType type =
        E->getType().withCVRQualifiers(Base.getQuals().getCVRQualifiers());
  
    // Encode the element access list into a vector of unsigned indices.
    SmallVector<unsigned, 4> Indices;
    E->getEncodedElementAccess(Indices);
  
    if (Base.isSimple()) {
      llvm::Constant *CV = GenerateConstantVector(Builder, Indices);
      return LValue::MakeExtVectorElt(Base.getAddress(), CV, type,
                                      Base.getAlignment());
    }
    assert(Base.isExtVectorElt() && "Can only subscript lvalue vec elts here!");
  
    llvm::Constant *BaseElts = Base.getExtVectorElts();
    SmallVector<llvm::Constant *, 4> CElts;
  
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Indices.size(); i != e; ++i)
      CElts.push_back(BaseElts->getAggregateElement(Indices[i]));
    llvm::Constant *CV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(CElts);
    return LValue::MakeExtVectorElt(Base.getExtVectorAddr(), CV, type,
                                    Base.getAlignment());
  }
  // HLSL Change Ends
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitMemberExpr(const MemberExpr *E) {
    Expr *BaseExpr = E->getBase();
  
    // If this is s.x, emit s as an lvalue.  If it is s->x, emit s as a scalar.
    LValue BaseLV;
    if (E->isArrow()) {
      llvm::Value *Ptr = EmitScalarExpr(BaseExpr);
      QualType PtrTy = BaseExpr->getType()->getPointeeType();
      EmitTypeCheck(TCK_MemberAccess, E->getExprLoc(), Ptr, PtrTy);
      BaseLV = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(Ptr, PtrTy);
    } else
      BaseLV = EmitCheckedLValue(BaseExpr, TCK_MemberAccess);
  
    NamedDecl *ND = E->getMemberDecl();
    if (auto *Field = dyn_cast<FieldDecl>(ND)) {
      LValue LV = EmitLValueForField(BaseLV, Field);
      setObjCGCLValueClass(getContext(), E, LV);
      return LV;
    }
  
    if (auto *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(ND))
      return EmitGlobalVarDeclLValue(*this, E, VD);
  
    if (const auto *FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(ND))
      return EmitFunctionDeclLValue(*this, E, FD);
  
    llvm_unreachable("Unhandled member declaration!");
  }
  
  /// Given that we are currently emitting a lambda, emit an l-value for
  /// one of its members.
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLValueForLambdaField(const FieldDecl *Field) {
    assert(cast<CXXMethodDecl>(CurCodeDecl)->getParent()->isLambda());
    assert(cast<CXXMethodDecl>(CurCodeDecl)->getParent() == Field->getParent());
    QualType LambdaTagType =
      getContext().getTagDeclType(Field->getParent());
    LValue LambdaLV = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(CXXABIThisValue, LambdaTagType);
    return EmitLValueForField(LambdaLV, Field);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLValueForField(LValue base,
                                             const FieldDecl *field) {
    if (field->isBitField()) {
      const CGRecordLayout &RL =
        CGM.getTypes().getCGRecordLayout(field->getParent());
      const CGBitFieldInfo &Info = RL.getBitFieldInfo(field);
      llvm::Value *Addr = base.getAddress();
      unsigned Idx = RL.getLLVMFieldNo(field);
      // For structs, we GEP to the field that the record layout suggests.
      Addr = Builder.CreateStructGEP(nullptr, Addr, Idx, field->getName());
      // Get the access type.
      llvm::Type *PtrTy = llvm::Type::getIntNPtrTy(
        getLLVMContext(), Info.StorageSize,
        CGM.getContext().getTargetAddressSpace(base.getType()));
      if (Addr->getType() != PtrTy)
        Addr = Builder.CreateBitCast(Addr, PtrTy);
  
      QualType fieldType =
        field->getType().withCVRQualifiers(base.getVRQualifiers());
      return LValue::MakeBitfield(Addr, Info, fieldType, base.getAlignment());
    }
  
    const RecordDecl *rec = field->getParent();
    QualType type = field->getType();
    CharUnits alignment = getContext().getDeclAlign(field);
  
    // FIXME: It should be impossible to have an LValue without alignment for a
    // complete type.
    if (!base.getAlignment().isZero())
      alignment = std::min(alignment, base.getAlignment());
  
    bool mayAlias = rec->hasAttr<MayAliasAttr>();
  
    llvm::Value *addr = base.getAddress();
    unsigned cvr = base.getVRQualifiers();
    bool TBAAPath = CGM.getCodeGenOpts().StructPathTBAA;
    if (rec->isUnion()) {
      // For unions, there is no pointer adjustment.
      assert(!type->isReferenceType() && "union has reference member");
      // TODO: handle path-aware TBAA for union.
      TBAAPath = false;
    } else {
      // For structs, we GEP to the field that the record layout suggests.
      unsigned idx = CGM.getTypes().getCGRecordLayout(rec).getLLVMFieldNo(field);
      addr = Builder.CreateStructGEP(nullptr, addr, idx, field->getName());
  
      // If this is a reference field, load the reference right now.
      if (const ReferenceType *refType = type->getAs<ReferenceType>()) {
        llvm::LoadInst *load = Builder.CreateLoad(addr, "ref");
        if (cvr & Qualifiers::Volatile) load->setVolatile(true);
        load->setAlignment(alignment.getQuantity());
  
        // Loading the reference will disable path-aware TBAA.
        TBAAPath = false;
        if (CGM.shouldUseTBAA()) {
          llvm::MDNode *tbaa;
          if (mayAlias)
            tbaa = CGM.getTBAAInfo(getContext().CharTy);
          else
            tbaa = CGM.getTBAAInfo(type);
          if (tbaa)
            CGM.DecorateInstruction(load, tbaa);
        }
  
        addr = load;
        mayAlias = false;
        type = refType->getPointeeType();
        if (type->isIncompleteType())
          alignment = CharUnits();
        else
          alignment = getContext().getTypeAlignInChars(type);
        cvr = 0; // qualifiers don't recursively apply to referencee
      }
    }
  
    // Make sure that the address is pointing to the right type.  This is critical
    // for both unions and structs.  A union needs a bitcast, a struct element
    // will need a bitcast if the LLVM type laid out doesn't match the desired
    // type.
    addr = EmitBitCastOfLValueToProperType(*this, addr,
                                           CGM.getTypes().ConvertTypeForMem(type),
                                           field->getName());
  
    if (field->hasAttr<AnnotateAttr>())
      addr = EmitFieldAnnotations(field, addr);
  
    LValue LV = MakeAddrLValue(addr, type, alignment);
    LV.getQuals().addCVRQualifiers(cvr);
    if (TBAAPath) {
      const ASTRecordLayout &Layout =
          getContext().getASTRecordLayout(field->getParent());
      // Set the base type to be the base type of the base LValue and
      // update offset to be relative to the base type.
      LV.setTBAABaseType(mayAlias ? getContext().CharTy : base.getTBAABaseType());
      LV.setTBAAOffset(mayAlias ? 0 : base.getTBAAOffset() +
                       Layout.getFieldOffset(field->getFieldIndex()) /
                                             getContext().getCharWidth());
    }
  
    // __weak attribute on a field is ignored.
    if (LV.getQuals().getObjCGCAttr() == Qualifiers::Weak)
      LV.getQuals().removeObjCGCAttr();
  
    // Fields of may_alias structs act like 'char' for TBAA purposes.
    // FIXME: this should get propagated down through anonymous structs
    // and unions.
    if (mayAlias && LV.getTBAAInfo())
      LV.setTBAAInfo(CGM.getTBAAInfo(getContext().CharTy));
  
    return LV;
  }
  
  LValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitLValueForFieldInitialization(LValue Base,
                                                    const FieldDecl *Field) {
    QualType FieldType = Field->getType();
  
    if (!FieldType->isReferenceType())
      return EmitLValueForField(Base, Field);
  
    const CGRecordLayout &RL =
      CGM.getTypes().getCGRecordLayout(Field->getParent());
    unsigned idx = RL.getLLVMFieldNo(Field);
    llvm::Value *V = Builder.CreateStructGEP(nullptr, Base.getAddress(), idx);
    assert(!FieldType.getObjCGCAttr() && "fields cannot have GC attrs");
  
    // Make sure that the address is pointing to the right type.  This is critical
    // for both unions and structs.  A union needs a bitcast, a struct element
    // will need a bitcast if the LLVM type laid out doesn't match the desired
    // type.
    llvm::Type *llvmType = ConvertTypeForMem(FieldType);
    V = EmitBitCastOfLValueToProperType(*this, V, llvmType, Field->getName());
  
    CharUnits Alignment = getContext().getDeclAlign(Field);
  
    // FIXME: It should be impossible to have an LValue without alignment for a
    // complete type.
    if (!Base.getAlignment().isZero())
      Alignment = std::min(Alignment, Base.getAlignment());
  
    return MakeAddrLValue(V, FieldType, Alignment);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCompoundLiteralLValue(const CompoundLiteralExpr *E){
    if (E->isFileScope()) {
      llvm::Value *GlobalPtr = CGM.GetAddrOfConstantCompoundLiteral(E);
      return MakeAddrLValue(GlobalPtr, E->getType());
    }
    if (E->getType()->isVariablyModifiedType())
      // make sure to emit the VLA size.
      EmitVariablyModifiedType(E->getType());
  
    llvm::Value *DeclPtr = CreateMemTemp(E->getType(), ".compoundliteral");
    const Expr *InitExpr = E->getInitializer();
    LValue Result = MakeAddrLValue(DeclPtr, E->getType());
  
    EmitAnyExprToMem(InitExpr, DeclPtr, E->getType().getQualifiers(),
                     /*Init*/ true);
  
    return Result;
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitInitListLValue(const InitListExpr *E) {
    if (!E->isGLValue())
      // Initializing an aggregate temporary in C++11: T{...}.
      return EmitAggExprToLValue(E);
  
    // An lvalue initializer list must be initializing a reference.
    assert(E->getNumInits() == 1 && "reference init with multiple values");
    return EmitLValue(E->getInit(0));
  }
  
  /// Emit the operand of a glvalue conditional operator. This is either a glvalue
  /// or a (possibly-parenthesized) throw-expression. If this is a throw, no
  /// LValue is returned and the current block has been terminated.
  static Optional<LValue> EmitLValueOrThrowExpression(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                                      const Expr *Operand) {
    if (auto *ThrowExpr = dyn_cast<CXXThrowExpr>(Operand->IgnoreParens())) {
      CGF.EmitCXXThrowExpr(ThrowExpr, /*KeepInsertionPoint*/false);
      return None;
    }
  
    return CGF.EmitLValue(Operand);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::
  EmitConditionalOperatorLValue(const AbstractConditionalOperator *expr) {
    if (!expr->isGLValue()) {
      // ?: here should be an aggregate.
      assert(hasAggregateEvaluationKind(expr->getType()) &&
             "Unexpected conditional operator!");
      return EmitAggExprToLValue(expr);
    }
  
    OpaqueValueMapping binding(*this, expr);
  
    const Expr *condExpr = expr->getCond();
    bool CondExprBool;
    if (ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(condExpr, CondExprBool)) {
      const Expr *live = expr->getTrueExpr(), *dead = expr->getFalseExpr();
      if (!CondExprBool) std::swap(live, dead);
  
      if (!ContainsLabel(dead)) {
        // If the true case is live, we need to track its region.
        if (CondExprBool)
          incrementProfileCounter(expr);
        return EmitLValue(live);
      }
    }
  
    llvm::BasicBlock *lhsBlock = createBasicBlock("cond.true");
    llvm::BasicBlock *rhsBlock = createBasicBlock("cond.false");
    llvm::BasicBlock *contBlock = createBasicBlock("cond.end");
  
    ConditionalEvaluation eval(*this);
    EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(condExpr, lhsBlock, rhsBlock, getProfileCount(expr));
  
    // Any temporaries created here are conditional.
    EmitBlock(lhsBlock);
    incrementProfileCounter(expr);
    eval.begin(*this);
    Optional<LValue> lhs =
        EmitLValueOrThrowExpression(*this, expr->getTrueExpr());
    eval.end(*this);
  
    if (lhs && !lhs->isSimple())
      return EmitUnsupportedLValue(expr, "conditional operator");
  
    lhsBlock = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
    if (lhs)
      Builder.CreateBr(contBlock);
  
    // Any temporaries created here are conditional.
    EmitBlock(rhsBlock);
    eval.begin(*this);
    Optional<LValue> rhs =
        EmitLValueOrThrowExpression(*this, expr->getFalseExpr());
    eval.end(*this);
    if (rhs && !rhs->isSimple())
      return EmitUnsupportedLValue(expr, "conditional operator");
    rhsBlock = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  
    EmitBlock(contBlock);
  
    if (lhs && rhs) {
      llvm::PHINode *phi = Builder.CreatePHI(lhs->getAddress()->getType(),
                                             2, "cond-lvalue");
      phi->addIncoming(lhs->getAddress(), lhsBlock);
      phi->addIncoming(rhs->getAddress(), rhsBlock);
      return MakeAddrLValue(phi, expr->getType());
    } else {
      assert((lhs || rhs) &&
             "both operands of glvalue conditional are throw-expressions?");
      return lhs ? *lhs : *rhs;
    }
  }
  
  /// EmitCastLValue - Casts are never lvalues unless that cast is to a reference
  /// type. If the cast is to a reference, we can have the usual lvalue result,
  /// otherwise if a cast is needed by the code generator in an lvalue context,
  /// then it must mean that we need the address of an aggregate in order to
  /// access one of its members.  This can happen for all the reasons that casts
  /// are permitted with aggregate result, including noop aggregate casts, and
  /// cast from scalar to union.
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCastLValue(const CastExpr *E) {
    // HLSL Change Begins
    if (hlsl::IsHLSLMatType(E->getType()) || hlsl::IsHLSLMatType(E->getSubExpr()->getType())) {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
  
      llvm::Value *FromValue = LV.getAddress();
      llvm::Type *FromTy = FromValue->getType();
      llvm::Type *RetTy = ConvertType(ToType);
      // type not changed, LValueToRValue, CStyleCast may go this path
      if (FromTy == RetTy) {
        return LV;
      // If only address space changed, add address space cast
      }
      if (FromTy->getPointerAddressSpace() != RetTy->getPointerAddressSpace()) {
        llvm::Type *ConvertedFromTy = llvm::PointerType::get(
          FromTy->getPointerElementType(), RetTy->getPointerAddressSpace());
        assert(ConvertedFromTy == RetTy &&
               "otherwise, more than just address space changing in one step");
        llvm::Value *cast =
            Builder.CreateAddrSpaceCast(FromValue, ConvertedFromTy);
        return MakeAddrLValue(cast, ToType);
      }
      llvm::Value *cast = CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLMatrixOperationCall(*this, E, RetTy, { LV.getAddress() });
      return MakeAddrLValue(cast, ToType);
    }
    // HLSL Change Ends
    switch (E->getCastKind()) {
    case CK_ToVoid:
    case CK_BitCast:
    case CK_ArrayToPointerDecay:
    case CK_FunctionToPointerDecay:
    case CK_NullToMemberPointer:
    case CK_NullToPointer:
    case CK_IntegralToPointer:
    case CK_PointerToIntegral:
    case CK_PointerToBoolean:
    case CK_VectorSplat:
    case CK_IntegralCast:
    case CK_IntegralToBoolean:
    case CK_IntegralToFloating:
    case CK_FloatingToIntegral:
    case CK_FloatingToBoolean:
    case CK_FloatingCast:
    case CK_FloatingRealToComplex:
    case CK_FloatingComplexToReal:
    case CK_FloatingComplexToBoolean:
    case CK_FloatingComplexCast:
    case CK_FloatingComplexToIntegralComplex:
    case CK_IntegralRealToComplex:
    case CK_IntegralComplexToReal:
    case CK_IntegralComplexToBoolean:
    case CK_IntegralComplexCast:
    case CK_IntegralComplexToFloatingComplex:
    case CK_DerivedToBaseMemberPointer:
    case CK_BaseToDerivedMemberPointer:
    case CK_MemberPointerToBoolean:
    case CK_ReinterpretMemberPointer:
    case CK_AnyPointerToBlockPointerCast:
    case CK_ARCProduceObject:
    case CK_ARCConsumeObject:
    case CK_ARCReclaimReturnedObject:
    case CK_ARCExtendBlockObject:
    case CK_CopyAndAutoreleaseBlockObject:
    case CK_AddressSpaceConversion:
      return EmitUnsupportedLValue(E, "unexpected cast lvalue");
  
    case CK_Dependent:
      llvm_unreachable("dependent cast kind in IR gen!");
  
    case CK_BuiltinFnToFnPtr:
      llvm_unreachable("builtin functions are handled elsewhere");
  
    // These are never l-values; just use the aggregate emission code.
    case CK_NonAtomicToAtomic:
    case CK_AtomicToNonAtomic:
      return EmitAggExprToLValue(E);
  
    case CK_Dynamic: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      llvm::Value *V = LV.getAddress();
      const auto *DCE = cast<CXXDynamicCastExpr>(E);
      return MakeAddrLValue(EmitDynamicCast(V, DCE), E->getType());
    }
  
    case CK_ConstructorConversion:
    case CK_UserDefinedConversion:
    case CK_CPointerToObjCPointerCast:
    case CK_BlockPointerToObjCPointerCast:
    case CK_NoOp:
    case CK_LValueToRValue:
      return EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
  
    case CK_UncheckedDerivedToBase:
    case CK_DerivedToBase: {
      const RecordType *DerivedClassTy =
        E->getSubExpr()->getType()->getAs<RecordType>();
      auto *DerivedClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DerivedClassTy->getDecl());
  
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      llvm::Value *This = LV.getAddress();
  
      // Perform the derived-to-base conversion
      llvm::Value *Base = GetAddressOfBaseClass(
          This, DerivedClassDecl, E->path_begin(), E->path_end(),
          /*NullCheckValue=*/false, E->getExprLoc());
  
      return MakeAddrLValue(Base, E->getType());
    }
    case CK_ToUnion:
      return EmitAggExprToLValue(E);
    case CK_BaseToDerived: {
      const RecordType *DerivedClassTy = E->getType()->getAs<RecordType>();
      auto *DerivedClassDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DerivedClassTy->getDecl());
  
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
  
      // Perform the base-to-derived conversion
      llvm::Value *Derived =
        GetAddressOfDerivedClass(LV.getAddress(), DerivedClassDecl,
                                 E->path_begin(), E->path_end(),
                                 /*NullCheckValue=*/false);
  
      // C++11 [expr.static.cast]p2: Behavior is undefined if a downcast is
      // performed and the object is not of the derived type.
      if (sanitizePerformTypeCheck())
        EmitTypeCheck(TCK_DowncastReference, E->getExprLoc(),
                      Derived, E->getType());
  
      if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::CFIDerivedCast))
        EmitVTablePtrCheckForCast(E->getType(), Derived, /*MayBeNull=*/false,
                                  CFITCK_DerivedCast, E->getLocStart());
  
      return MakeAddrLValue(Derived, E->getType());
    }
    case CK_LValueBitCast: {
      // This must be a reinterpret_cast (or c-style equivalent).
      const auto *CE = cast<ExplicitCastExpr>(E);
  
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      llvm::Value *V = Builder.CreateBitCast(LV.getAddress(),
                                             ConvertType(CE->getTypeAsWritten()));
  
      if (SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::CFIUnrelatedCast))
        EmitVTablePtrCheckForCast(E->getType(), V, /*MayBeNull=*/false,
                                  CFITCK_UnrelatedCast, E->getLocStart());
  
      return MakeAddrLValue(V, E->getType());
    }
    case CK_ObjCObjectLValueCast: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
      llvm::Value *V = Builder.CreateBitCast(LV.getAddress(),
                                             ConvertType(ToType));
      return MakeAddrLValue(V, E->getType());
    }
    // HLSL Change Starts
    case CK_HLSLVectorSplat: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      llvm::Value *LVal = nullptr;
      if (LV.isSimple())
        LVal = LV.getAddress();
      else if (LV.isExtVectorElt()) {
        llvm::Constant *VecElts = LV.getExtVectorElts();
        LVal = Builder.CreateGEP(
            LV.getExtVectorAddr(),
            {Builder.getInt32(0), VecElts->getAggregateElement((unsigned)0)});
      } else
        // TODO: make sure all cases are supported.
        assert(0 && "not implement cases");
  
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
  
      // bitcast to target type
      llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(ToType);
      llvm::Value *bitcast = Builder.CreateBitCast(LVal, ResultType);
      return MakeAddrLValue(bitcast, ToType);
    }
    case CK_HLSLVectorTruncationCast: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
  
      // bitcast to target type
      llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(ToType);
      llvm::Value *bitcast = Builder.CreateBitCast(LV.getAddress(), ResultType);
      return MakeAddrLValue(bitcast, ToType);
    }
    case CK_HLSLVectorToScalarCast: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
      llvm::ConstantInt *idxZero = llvm::ConstantInt::get(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(getLLVMContext()), 0);
      llvm::Value *GEP = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(LV.getAddress(), {idxZero, idxZero});
      return MakeAddrLValue(GEP, ToType);
    } break;
    case CK_HLSLCC_IntegralToFloating:
    case CK_HLSLCC_FloatingToIntegral: {
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
  
      // bitcast to target type
      llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(ToType);
      llvm::Value *bitcast = Builder.CreateBitCast(LV.getAddress(), ResultType);
      return MakeAddrLValue(bitcast, ToType);
    }
    case CK_FlatConversion: {
      // Just bitcast.
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
  
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      llvm::Value *This = LV.getAddress();
  
      // bitcast to target type
      llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(ToType);
      // Make sure generate Inst not Operator to make lowering easy.
      bool originAllowFolding = Builder.AllowFolding;
      Builder.AllowFolding = false;
      llvm::Value *bitcast = Builder.CreateBitCast(This, ResultType);
      Builder.AllowFolding = originAllowFolding;
      return MakeAddrLValue(bitcast, ToType);
    }
    case CK_HLSLDerivedToBase: {
      // HLSL only single inheritance.
      // Just GEP.
      QualType ToType = getContext().getLValueReferenceType(E->getType());
  
      LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
      llvm::Value *This = LV.getAddress();
  
      // gep to target type
      llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(ToType);
      unsigned level = 0;
      llvm::Type *ToTy = ResultType->getPointerElementType();
      llvm::Type *FromTy = This->getType()->getPointerElementType();
      // For empty struct, just bitcast.
      if (FromTy->getStructNumElements()== 0) {
        llvm::Value *bitcast = Builder.CreateBitCast(This, ResultType);
        return MakeAddrLValue(bitcast, ToType);
      }
  
      while (ToTy != FromTy) {
        FromTy = FromTy->getStructElementType(0);
        ++level;
      }
      llvm::Value *zeroIdx = Builder.getInt32(0);
      SmallVector<llvm::Value *, 2> IdxList(level + 1, zeroIdx);
      llvm::Value *GEP = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(This, IdxList);
      return MakeAddrLValue(GEP, ToType);
    }
    case CK_HLSLMatrixSplat:
    case CK_HLSLMatrixToScalarCast:
    case CK_HLSLMatrixTruncationCast:
    case CK_HLSLMatrixToVectorCast:
      // Matrices should be handled above.
    case CK_HLSLVectorToMatrixCast:
    case CK_HLSLCC_IntegralCast:
    case CK_HLSLCC_IntegralToBoolean:
    case CK_HLSLCC_FloatingToBoolean:
    case CK_HLSLCC_FloatingCast:
      llvm_unreachable("Unhandled HLSL lvalue cast");
    // HLSL Change Ends
    case CK_ZeroToOCLEvent:
      llvm_unreachable("NULL to OpenCL event lvalue cast is not valid");
    }
  
    llvm_unreachable("Unhandled lvalue cast kind?");
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitOpaqueValueLValue(const OpaqueValueExpr *e) {
    assert(OpaqueValueMappingData::shouldBindAsLValue(e));
    return getOpaqueLValueMapping(e);
  }
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitRValueForField(LValue LV,
                                             const FieldDecl *FD,
                                             SourceLocation Loc) {
    QualType FT = FD->getType();
    LValue FieldLV = EmitLValueForField(LV, FD);
    switch (getEvaluationKind(FT)) {
    case TEK_Complex:
      return RValue::getComplex(EmitLoadOfComplex(FieldLV, Loc));
    case TEK_Aggregate:
      return FieldLV.asAggregateRValue();
    case TEK_Scalar:
      return EmitLoadOfLValue(FieldLV, Loc);
    }
    llvm_unreachable("bad evaluation kind");
  }
  
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  //                             Expression Emission
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCallExpr(const CallExpr *E,
                                       ReturnValueSlot ReturnValue) {
    // Builtins never have block type.
    if (E->getCallee()->getType()->isBlockPointerType())
      return EmitBlockCallExpr(E, ReturnValue);
  
    if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CXXMemberCallExpr>(E))
      return EmitCXXMemberCallExpr(CE, ReturnValue);
  
    if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CUDAKernelCallExpr>(E))
      return EmitCUDAKernelCallExpr(CE, ReturnValue);
  
    const Decl *TargetDecl = E->getCalleeDecl();
    if (const FunctionDecl *FD = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(TargetDecl)) {
      if (unsigned builtinID = FD->getBuiltinID())
        return EmitBuiltinExpr(FD, builtinID, E, ReturnValue);
      // HLSL Change Starts
      if (getLangOpts().HLSL) {
        if (const NamespaceDecl *ns = dyn_cast<NamespaceDecl>(FD->getParent())) {
          if (ns->getName() == "hlsl") {
            // do hlsl intrinsic generation
            return EmitHLSLBuiltinCallExpr(FD, E, ReturnValue);
          }
        }
      }
      // HLSL Change End
    }
  
    if (const auto *CE = dyn_cast<CXXOperatorCallExpr>(E))
      if (const CXXMethodDecl *MD = dyn_cast_or_null<CXXMethodDecl>(TargetDecl))
        return EmitCXXOperatorMemberCallExpr(CE, MD, ReturnValue);
  
    if (const auto *PseudoDtor =
            dyn_cast<CXXPseudoDestructorExpr>(E->getCallee()->IgnoreParens())) {
      QualType DestroyedType = PseudoDtor->getDestroyedType();
      if (getLangOpts().ObjCAutoRefCount &&
          DestroyedType->isObjCLifetimeType() &&
          (DestroyedType.getObjCLifetime() == Qualifiers::OCL_Strong ||
           DestroyedType.getObjCLifetime() == Qualifiers::OCL_Weak)) {
        // Automatic Reference Counting:
        //   If the pseudo-expression names a retainable object with weak or
        //   strong lifetime, the object shall be released.
        Expr *BaseExpr = PseudoDtor->getBase();
        llvm::Value *BaseValue = nullptr;
        Qualifiers BaseQuals;
  
        // If this is s.x, emit s as an lvalue. If it is s->x, emit s as a scalar.
        if (PseudoDtor->isArrow()) {
          BaseValue = EmitScalarExpr(BaseExpr);
          const PointerType *PTy = BaseExpr->getType()->getAs<PointerType>();
          BaseQuals = PTy->getPointeeType().getQualifiers();
        } else {
          LValue BaseLV = EmitLValue(BaseExpr);
          BaseValue = BaseLV.getAddress();
          QualType BaseTy = BaseExpr->getType();
          BaseQuals = BaseTy.getQualifiers();
        }
  
        switch (PseudoDtor->getDestroyedType().getObjCLifetime()) {
        case Qualifiers::OCL_None:
        case Qualifiers::OCL_ExplicitNone:
        case Qualifiers::OCL_Autoreleasing:
          break;
  
        case Qualifiers::OCL_Strong:
          EmitARCRelease(Builder.CreateLoad(BaseValue,
                            PseudoDtor->getDestroyedType().isVolatileQualified()),
                         ARCPreciseLifetime);
          break;
  
        case Qualifiers::OCL_Weak:
          EmitARCDestroyWeak(BaseValue);
          break;
        }
      } else {
        // C++ [expr.pseudo]p1:
        //   The result shall only be used as the operand for the function call
        //   operator (), and the result of such a call has type void. The only
        //   effect is the evaluation of the postfix-expression before the dot or
        //   arrow.
        EmitScalarExpr(E->getCallee());
      }
  
      return RValue::get(nullptr);
    }
  
    llvm::Value *Callee = EmitScalarExpr(E->getCallee());
    return EmitCall(E->getCallee()->getType(), Callee, E, ReturnValue,
                    TargetDecl);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitBinaryOperatorLValue(const BinaryOperator *E) {
    // Comma expressions just emit their LHS then their RHS as an l-value.
    if (E->getOpcode() == BO_Comma) {
      EmitIgnoredExpr(E->getLHS());
      EnsureInsertPoint();
      return EmitLValue(E->getRHS());
    }
  
    if (E->getOpcode() == BO_PtrMemD ||
        E->getOpcode() == BO_PtrMemI)
      return EmitPointerToDataMemberBinaryExpr(E);
  
    assert(E->getOpcode() == BO_Assign && "unexpected binary l-value");
  
    // Note that in all of these cases, __block variables need the RHS
    // evaluated first just in case the variable gets moved by the RHS.
  
    switch (getEvaluationKind(E->getType())) {
    case TEK_Scalar: {
      switch (E->getLHS()->getType().getObjCLifetime()) {
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Strong:
        return EmitARCStoreStrong(E, /*ignored*/ false).first;
  
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Autoreleasing:
        return EmitARCStoreAutoreleasing(E).first;
  
      // No reason to do any of these differently.
      case Qualifiers::OCL_None:
      case Qualifiers::OCL_ExplicitNone:
      case Qualifiers::OCL_Weak:
        break;
      }
  
      RValue RV = EmitAnyExpr(E->getRHS());
      LValue LV = EmitCheckedLValue(E->getLHS(), TCK_Store);
      EmitStoreThroughLValue(RV, LV);
      return LV;
    }
  
    case TEK_Complex:
      return EmitComplexAssignmentLValue(E);
  
    case TEK_Aggregate:
      return EmitAggExprToLValue(E);
    }
    llvm_unreachable("bad evaluation kind");
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCallExprLValue(const CallExpr *E) {
    RValue RV = EmitCallExpr(E);
  
    if (!RV.isScalar())
      return MakeAddrLValue(RV.getAggregateAddr(), E->getType());
  
    assert(E->getCallReturnType(getContext())->isReferenceType() &&
           "Can't have a scalar return unless the return type is a "
           "reference type!");
  
    return MakeAddrLValue(RV.getScalarVal(), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitVAArgExprLValue(const VAArgExpr *E) {
    // FIXME: This shouldn't require another copy.
    return EmitAggExprToLValue(E);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXConstructLValue(const CXXConstructExpr *E) {
    assert(E->getType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl()->hasTrivialDestructor()
           && "binding l-value to type which needs a temporary");
    AggValueSlot Slot = CreateAggTemp(E->getType());
    EmitCXXConstructExpr(E, Slot);
    return MakeAddrLValue(Slot.getAddr(), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXTypeidLValue(const CXXTypeidExpr *E) {
    return MakeAddrLValue(EmitCXXTypeidExpr(E), E->getType());
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXUuidofExpr(const CXXUuidofExpr *E) {
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(CGM.GetAddrOfUuidDescriptor(E),
                                 ConvertType(E->getType())->getPointerTo());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXUuidofLValue(const CXXUuidofExpr *E) {
    return MakeAddrLValue(EmitCXXUuidofExpr(E), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXBindTemporaryLValue(const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *E) {
    AggValueSlot Slot = CreateAggTemp(E->getType(), "temp.lvalue");
    Slot.setExternallyDestructed();
    EmitAggExpr(E->getSubExpr(), Slot);
    EmitCXXTemporary(E->getTemporary(), E->getType(), Slot.getAddr());
    return MakeAddrLValue(Slot.getAddr(), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue
  CodeGenFunction::EmitLambdaLValue(const LambdaExpr *E) {
    AggValueSlot Slot = CreateAggTemp(E->getType(), "temp.lvalue");
    EmitLambdaExpr(E, Slot);
    return MakeAddrLValue(Slot.getAddr(), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCMessageExprLValue(const ObjCMessageExpr *E) {
    RValue RV = EmitObjCMessageExpr(E);
  
    if (!RV.isScalar())
      return MakeAddrLValue(RV.getAggregateAddr(), E->getType());
  
    assert(E->getMethodDecl()->getReturnType()->isReferenceType() &&
           "Can't have a scalar return unless the return type is a "
           "reference type!");
  
    return MakeAddrLValue(RV.getScalarVal(), E->getType());
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCSelectorLValue(const ObjCSelectorExpr *E) {
    llvm::Value *V =
      CGM.getObjCRuntime().GetSelector(*this, E->getSelector(), true);
    return MakeAddrLValue(V, E->getType());
  }
  
  llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitIvarOffset(const ObjCInterfaceDecl *Interface,
                                               const ObjCIvarDecl *Ivar) {
    return CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitIvarOffset(*this, Interface, Ivar);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitLValueForIvar(QualType ObjectTy,
                                            llvm::Value *BaseValue,
                                            const ObjCIvarDecl *Ivar,
                                            unsigned CVRQualifiers) {
    return CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCValueForIvar(*this, ObjectTy, BaseValue,
                                                     Ivar, CVRQualifiers);
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCIvarRefLValue(const ObjCIvarRefExpr *E) {
    // FIXME: A lot of the code below could be shared with EmitMemberExpr.
    llvm::Value *BaseValue = nullptr;
    const Expr *BaseExpr = E->getBase();
    Qualifiers BaseQuals;
    QualType ObjectTy;
    if (E->isArrow()) {
      BaseValue = EmitScalarExpr(BaseExpr);
      ObjectTy = BaseExpr->getType()->getPointeeType();
      BaseQuals = ObjectTy.getQualifiers();
    } else {
      LValue BaseLV = EmitLValue(BaseExpr);
      // FIXME: this isn't right for bitfields.
      BaseValue = BaseLV.getAddress();
      ObjectTy = BaseExpr->getType();
      BaseQuals = ObjectTy.getQualifiers();
    }
  
    LValue LV =
      EmitLValueForIvar(ObjectTy, BaseValue, E->getDecl(),
                        BaseQuals.getCVRQualifiers());
    setObjCGCLValueClass(getContext(), E, LV);
    return LV;
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitStmtExprLValue(const StmtExpr *E) {
    // Can only get l-value for message expression returning aggregate type
    RValue RV = EmitAnyExprToTemp(E);
    return MakeAddrLValue(RV.getAggregateAddr(), E->getType());
  }
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCall(QualType CalleeType, llvm::Value *Callee,
                                   const CallExpr *E, ReturnValueSlot ReturnValue,
                                   const Decl *TargetDecl, llvm::Value *Chain) {
    // Get the actual function type. The callee type will always be a pointer to
    // function type or a block pointer type.
    assert(CalleeType->isFunctionPointerType() &&
           "Call must have function pointer type!");
  
    CalleeType = getContext().getCanonicalType(CalleeType);
  
    const auto *FnType =
        cast<FunctionType>(cast<PointerType>(CalleeType)->getPointeeType());
  
    if (getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && SanOpts.has(SanitizerKind::Function) &&
        (!TargetDecl || !isa<FunctionDecl>(TargetDecl))) {
      if (llvm::Constant *PrefixSig =
              CGM.getTargetCodeGenInfo().getUBSanFunctionSignature(CGM)) {
        SanitizerScope SanScope(this);
        llvm::Constant *FTRTTIConst =
            CGM.GetAddrOfRTTIDescriptor(QualType(FnType, 0), /*ForEH=*/true);
        llvm::Type *PrefixStructTyElems[] = {
          PrefixSig->getType(),
          FTRTTIConst->getType()
        };
        llvm::StructType *PrefixStructTy = llvm::StructType::get(
            CGM.getLLVMContext(), PrefixStructTyElems, /*isPacked=*/true);
  
        llvm::Value *CalleePrefixStruct = Builder.CreateBitCast(
            Callee, llvm::PointerType::getUnqual(PrefixStructTy));
        llvm::Value *CalleeSigPtr =
            Builder.CreateConstGEP2_32(PrefixStructTy, CalleePrefixStruct, 0, 0);
        llvm::Value *CalleeSig = Builder.CreateLoad(CalleeSigPtr);
        llvm::Value *CalleeSigMatch = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(CalleeSig, PrefixSig);
  
        llvm::BasicBlock *Cont = createBasicBlock("cont");
        llvm::BasicBlock *TypeCheck = createBasicBlock("typecheck");
        Builder.CreateCondBr(CalleeSigMatch, TypeCheck, Cont);
  
        EmitBlock(TypeCheck);
        llvm::Value *CalleeRTTIPtr =
            Builder.CreateConstGEP2_32(PrefixStructTy, CalleePrefixStruct, 0, 1);
        llvm::Value *CalleeRTTI = Builder.CreateLoad(CalleeRTTIPtr);
        llvm::Value *CalleeRTTIMatch =
            Builder.CreateICmpEQ(CalleeRTTI, FTRTTIConst);
        llvm::Constant *StaticData[] = {
          EmitCheckSourceLocation(E->getLocStart()),
          EmitCheckTypeDescriptor(CalleeType)
        };
        EmitCheck(std::make_pair(CalleeRTTIMatch, SanitizerKind::Function),
                  "function_type_mismatch", StaticData, Callee);
  
        Builder.CreateBr(Cont);
        EmitBlock(Cont);
      }
    }
  
    // HLSL Change Begins
    llvm::SmallVector<LValue, 8> castArgList;
    llvm::SmallVector<LValue, 8> lifetimeCleanupList;
    // The argList of the CallExpr, may be update for out parameter
    llvm::SmallVector<const Stmt *, 8> argList(E->arg_begin(), E->arg_end());
    ConstExprIterator argBegin = argList.data();
    ConstExprIterator argEnd = argList.data() + E->getNumArgs();
    // out param conversion
    CodeGenFunction::HLSLOutParamScope OutParamScope(*this);
    auto MapTemp = [&](const VarDecl *LocalVD, llvm::Value *TmpArg) {
        OutParamScope.addTemp(LocalVD, TmpArg);
    };
    if (getLangOpts().HLSL) {
      if (const FunctionDecl *FD = E->getDirectCallee())
        CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLOutParamConversionInit(*this, FD, E,
                                                            castArgList, argList, lifetimeCleanupList, MapTemp);
    }
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
    CallArgList Args;
    if (Chain)
      Args.add(RValue::get(Builder.CreateBitCast(Chain, CGM.VoidPtrTy)),
               CGM.getContext().VoidPtrTy);
    EmitCallArgs(Args, dyn_cast<FunctionProtoType>(FnType), argBegin, argEnd,  // HLSL Change - use updated argList
                 E->getDirectCallee(), /*ParamsToSkip*/ 0);
  
    const CGFunctionInfo &FnInfo = CGM.getTypes().arrangeFreeFunctionCall(
        Args, FnType, /*isChainCall=*/Chain);
  
    // C99 6.5.2.2p6:
    //   If the expression that denotes the called function has a type
    //   that does not include a prototype, [the default argument
    //   promotions are performed]. If the number of arguments does not
    //   equal the number of parameters, the behavior is undefined. If
    //   the function is defined with a type that includes a prototype,
    //   and either the prototype ends with an ellipsis (, ...) or the
    //   types of the arguments after promotion are not compatible with
    //   the types of the parameters, the behavior is undefined. If the
    //   function is defined with a type that does not include a
    //   prototype, and the types of the arguments after promotion are
    //   not compatible with those of the parameters after promotion,
    //   the behavior is undefined [except in some trivial cases].
    // That is, in the general case, we should assume that a call
    // through an unprototyped function type works like a *non-variadic*
    // call.  The way we make this work is to cast to the exact type
    // of the promoted arguments.
    //
    // Chain calls use this same code path to add the invisible chain parameter
    // to the function type.
    if (isa<FunctionNoProtoType>(FnType) || Chain) {
      llvm::Type *CalleeTy = getTypes().GetFunctionType(FnInfo);
      CalleeTy = CalleeTy->getPointerTo();
      Callee = Builder.CreateBitCast(Callee, CalleeTy, "callee.knr.cast");
    }
    RValue CallVal = EmitCall(FnInfo, Callee, ReturnValue, Args, TargetDecl);
  
    // HLSL Change Begins
    // out param conversion
    // conversion and copy back after the call
    if (getLangOpts().HLSL)
      CGM.getHLSLRuntime().EmitHLSLOutParamConversionCopyBack(*this, castArgList, lifetimeCleanupList);
    // HLSL Change Ends
  
    return CallVal;
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::
  EmitPointerToDataMemberBinaryExpr(const BinaryOperator *E) {
    llvm::Value *BaseV;
    if (E->getOpcode() == BO_PtrMemI)
      BaseV = EmitScalarExpr(E->getLHS());
    else
      BaseV = EmitLValue(E->getLHS()).getAddress();
  
    llvm::Value *OffsetV = EmitScalarExpr(E->getRHS());
  
    const MemberPointerType *MPT
      = E->getRHS()->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>();
  
    llvm::Value *AddV = CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberDataPointerAddress(
        *this, E, BaseV, OffsetV, MPT);
  
    return MakeAddrLValue(AddV, MPT->getPointeeType());
  }
  
  /// Given the address of a temporary variable, produce an r-value of
  /// its type.
  RValue CodeGenFunction::convertTempToRValue(llvm::Value *addr,
                                              QualType type,
                                              SourceLocation loc) {
    LValue lvalue = MakeNaturalAlignAddrLValue(addr, type);
    switch (getEvaluationKind(type)) {
    case TEK_Complex:
      return RValue::getComplex(EmitLoadOfComplex(lvalue, loc));
    case TEK_Aggregate:
      return lvalue.asAggregateRValue();
    case TEK_Scalar:
      return RValue::get(EmitLoadOfScalar(lvalue, loc));
    }
    llvm_unreachable("bad evaluation kind");
  }
  
  void CodeGenFunction::SetFPAccuracy(llvm::Value *Val, float Accuracy) {
    assert(Val->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy());
    if (Accuracy == 0.0 || !isa<llvm::Instruction>(Val))
      return;
  
    llvm::MDBuilder MDHelper(getLLVMContext());
    llvm::MDNode *Node = MDHelper.createFPMath(Accuracy);
  
    cast<llvm::Instruction>(Val)->setMetadata(llvm::LLVMContext::MD_fpmath, Node);
  }
  
  namespace {
    struct LValueOrRValue {
      LValue LV;
      RValue RV;
    };
  }
  
  static LValueOrRValue emitPseudoObjectExpr(CodeGenFunction &CGF,
                                             const PseudoObjectExpr *E,
                                             bool forLValue,
                                             AggValueSlot slot) {
    SmallVector<CodeGenFunction::OpaqueValueMappingData, 4> opaques;
  
    // Find the result expression, if any.
    const Expr *resultExpr = E->getResultExpr();
    LValueOrRValue result;
  
    for (PseudoObjectExpr::const_semantics_iterator
           i = E->semantics_begin(), e = E->semantics_end(); i != e; ++i) {
      const Expr *semantic = *i;
  
      // If this semantic expression is an opaque value, bind it
      // to the result of its source expression.
      if (const auto *ov = dyn_cast<OpaqueValueExpr>(semantic)) {
  
        // If this is the result expression, we may need to evaluate
        // directly into the slot.
        typedef CodeGenFunction::OpaqueValueMappingData OVMA;
        OVMA opaqueData;
        if (ov == resultExpr && ov->isRValue() && !forLValue &&
            CodeGenFunction::hasAggregateEvaluationKind(ov->getType())) {
          CGF.EmitAggExpr(ov->getSourceExpr(), slot);
  
          LValue LV = CGF.MakeAddrLValue(slot.getAddr(), ov->getType());
          opaqueData = OVMA::bind(CGF, ov, LV);
          result.RV = slot.asRValue();
  
        // Otherwise, emit as normal.
        } else {
          opaqueData = OVMA::bind(CGF, ov, ov->getSourceExpr());
  
          // If this is the result, also evaluate the result now.
          if (ov == resultExpr) {
            if (forLValue)
              result.LV = CGF.EmitLValue(ov);
            else
              result.RV = CGF.EmitAnyExpr(ov, slot);
          }
        }
  
        opaques.push_back(opaqueData);
  
      // Otherwise, if the expression is the result, evaluate it
      // and remember the result.
      } else if (semantic == resultExpr) {
        if (forLValue)
          result.LV = CGF.EmitLValue(semantic);
        else
          result.RV = CGF.EmitAnyExpr(semantic, slot);
  
      // Otherwise, evaluate the expression in an ignored context.
      } else {
        CGF.EmitIgnoredExpr(semantic);
      }
    }
  
    // Unbind all the opaques now.
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = opaques.size(); i != e; ++i)
      opaques[i].unbind(CGF);
  
    return result;
  }
  
  RValue CodeGenFunction::EmitPseudoObjectRValue(const PseudoObjectExpr *E,
                                                 AggValueSlot slot) {
    return emitPseudoObjectExpr(*this, E, false, slot).RV;
  }
  
  LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitPseudoObjectLValue(const PseudoObjectExpr *E) {
    return emitPseudoObjectExpr(*this, E, true, AggValueSlot::ignored()).LV;
  }
  