text: /*
   *
   * Ref: http://beej.us/guide/bgnet/examples/
   *
  */
  #include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
  #define pack754_32(f) (pack754((f), 32, 8))
  #define unpack754_32(i) (unpack754((i), 32, 8))
  
  
  uint64_t pack754(long double f, unsigned bits, unsigned expbits) {
  	long double fnorm;
  	int shift;
  	long long sign, exp, significand;
  	unsigned significandbits = bits - expbits - 1; // -1 for sign bit
  
  	if (f == 0.0) return 0; // get this special case out of the way
  
  	// check sign and begin normalization
  	if (f < 0) { sign = 1; fnorm = -f; }
  	else { sign = 0; fnorm = f; }
  
  	// get the normalized form of f and track the exponent
  	shift = 0;
  	while(fnorm >= 2.0) { fnorm /= 2.0; shift++; }
  	while(fnorm < 1.0) { fnorm *= 2.0; shift--; }
  	fnorm = fnorm - 1.0;
  
  	// calculate the binary form (non-float) of the significand data
  	significand = fnorm * ((1LL<<significandbits) + 0.5f);
  
  	// get the biased exponent
  	exp = shift + ((1<<(expbits-1)) - 1); // shift + bias
  
  	// return the final answer
  	return (sign<<(bits-1)) | (exp<<(bits-expbits-1)) | significand;
  }
  
  
  long double unpack754(uint64_t i, unsigned bits, unsigned expbits) {
  	long double result;
  	long long shift;
  	unsigned bias;
  	unsigned significandbits = bits - expbits - 1; // -1 for sign bit
  
  	if (i == 0) return 0.0;
  
  	// pull the significand
  	result = (i&((1LL<<significandbits)-1)); // mask
  	result /= (1LL<<significandbits); // convert back to float
  	result += 1.0f; // add the one back on
  
  	// deal with the exponent
  	bias = (1<<(expbits-1)) - 1;
  	shift = ((i>>significandbits)&((1LL<<expbits)-1)) - bias;
  	while(shift > 0) { result *= 2.0; shift--; }
  	while(shift < 0) { result /= 2.0; shift++; }
  
  	// sign it
  	result *= (i>>(bits-1))&1? -1.0: 1.0;
  
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  int pack(float f) {
  	return pack754_32(f);
  }
  
  
  float unpack(uint64_t fi) {
  	return unpack754_32(fi);
  }
  
  
  PYBIND11_MODULE(pack, m) {
      m.doc() = "pybind11 pack plugin";
      m.def("pack", &pack, "A function to pack the data into the network byte object");
      m.def("unpack", &unpack, "A function to unpack the data from the network byte object");
  }
  
  