text: /*
   * libopenemv - a library to work with EMV family of smart cards
   * Copyright (C) 2015 Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov
   *
   * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   * Lesser General Public License for more details.
   */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  #include <config.h>
  #endif
  
  #include "tlv.h"
  #include "emv_tags.h"
  
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  #define PRINT_INDENT(level) 	{for (int i = 0; i < (level); i++) fprintf(f, "\t");}
  
  enum emv_tag_t {
  	EMV_TAG_GENERIC,
  	EMV_TAG_BITMASK,
  	EMV_TAG_DOL,
  	EMV_TAG_CVM_LIST,
  	EMV_TAG_AFL,
  	EMV_TAG_STRING,
  	EMV_TAG_NUMERIC,
  	EMV_TAG_YYMMDD,
  	EMV_TAG_CVR,
  	EMV_TAG_CID,
  };
  
  struct emv_tag {
  	tlv_tag_t tag;
  	char *name;
  	enum emv_tag_t type;
  	const void *data;
  };
  
  struct emv_tag_bit {
  	unsigned bit;
  	const char *name;
  };
  
  #define EMV_BIT(byte, bit) ((byte - 1) * 8 + (8 - bit))
  #define EMV_BIT_FINISH { (~0), NULL }
  
  static const struct emv_tag_bit EMV_AIP[] = {
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 7), "SDA supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 6), "DDA supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 5), "Cardholder verification is supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 4), "Terminal risk management is to be performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 3), "Issuer authentication is supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 2), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 1), "CDA supported (Combined Dynamic Data Authentication / Application Cryptogram Generation)" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 8), "MSD is supported (Magnetic Stripe Data)" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 7), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 6), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 1), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	EMV_BIT_FINISH,
  };
  
  static const struct emv_tag_bit EMV_AUC[] = {
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 8), "Valid for domestic cash transactions" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 7), "Valid for international cash transactions" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 6), "Valid for domestic goods" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 5), "Valid for international goods" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 4), "Valid for domestic services" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 3), "Valid for international services" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 2), "Valid for ATMs" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 1), "Valid at terminals other than ATMs" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 8), "Domestic cashback allowed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 7), "International cashback allowed" },
  	EMV_BIT_FINISH,
  };
  
  static const struct emv_tag_bit EMV_TVR[] = {
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 8), "Offline data authentication was not performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 7), "SDA failed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 6), "ICC data missing" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 5), "Card appears on terminal exception file" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 4), "DDA failed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 3), "CDA failed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 2), "SDA selected" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 8), "ICC and terminal have different application versions" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 7), "Expired application" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 6), "Application not yet effective" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 5), "Requested service not allowed for card product" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 4), "New card" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 8), "Cardholder verification was not successful" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 7), "Unrecognised CVM" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 6), "PIN Try Limit exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 5), "PIN entry required and PIN pad not present or not working" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 4), "PIN entry required, PIN pad present, but PIN was not entered" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 3), "Online PIN entered" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 8), "Transaction exceeds floor limit" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 7), "Lower consecutive offline limit exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 6), "Upper consecutive offline limit exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 5), "Transaction selected randomly for online processing" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 4), "Merchant forced transaction online" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 8), "Default TDOL used" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 7), "Issuer authentication failed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 6), "Script processing failed before final GENERATE AC" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 5), "Script processing failed after final GENERATE AC" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 4), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 3), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 2), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(5, 1), "Reserved for use by the EMV Contactless Specifications" },
  	EMV_BIT_FINISH,
  };
  
  static const struct emv_tag_bit EMV_CTQ[] = {
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 8), "Online PIN Required" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 7), "Signature Required" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 6), "Go Online if Offline Data Authentication Fails and Reader is online capable" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 5), "Switch Interface if Offline Data Authentication fails and Reader supports VIS" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 4), "Go Online if Application Expired" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 3), "Switch Interface for Cash Transactions" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 2), "Switch Interface for Cashback Transactions" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 8), "Consumer Device CVM Performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 7), "Card supports Issuer Update Processing at the POS" },
  	EMV_BIT_FINISH,
  };
  
  static const struct emv_tag_bit EMV_TTQ[] = {
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 8), "MSD supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 7), "VSDC supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 6), "qVSDC supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 5), "EMV contact chip supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 4), "Offline-only reader" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 3), "Online PIN supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 2), "Signature supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 1), "Offline Data Authentication (ODA) for Online Authorizations supported\nWarning!!!! Readers compliant to this specification set TTQ byte 1 bit 1 (this field) to 0b" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 8), "Online cryptogram required" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 7), "CVM required" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 6), "(Contact Chip) Offline PIN supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 8), "Issuer Update Processing supported" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 7), "Mobile functionality supported (Consumer Device CVM)" },
  	EMV_BIT_FINISH,
  };
  
  static const struct emv_tag_bit EMV_CVR[] = {
  	// mask 0F 0F F0 0F
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 4), "CDA Performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 3), "Offline DDA Performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 2), "Issuer Authentication Not Performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(1, 1), "Issuer Authentication performed and Failed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 4), "Offline PIN Verification Performed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 3), "Offline PIN Verification Performed and PIN Not Successfully Verified" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 2), "PIN Try Limit Exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(2, 1), "Last Online Transaction Not Completed" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 8), "Lower Offline Transaction Count Limit Exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 7), "Upper Offline Transaction Count Limit Exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 6), "Lower Cumulative Offline Amount Limit Exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(3, 5), "Upper Cumulative Offline Amount Limit Exceeded" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 4), "Issuer script processing failed on last transaction" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 3), "Offline data authentication failed on previous transaction and transaction declined offline" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 2), "Go Online on Next Transaction Was Set" },
  	{ EMV_BIT(4, 1), "Unable to go Online" },
  	EMV_BIT_FINISH,
  };
  
  // All Data Elements by Tags used in TLV structure (according to the EMV 4.2 Standard )
  // https://www.eftlab.co.uk/index.php/site-map/knowledge-base/145-emv-nfc-tags
  // http://dexterous-programmer.blogspot.in/2012/05/emv-tags.html
  static const struct emv_tag emv_tags[] = {
  	// internal
  	{ 0x00  , "Unknown ???" },
  	{ 0x01  , "", EMV_TAG_STRING }, // string for headers
  	{ 0x02  , "Raw data", }, // data
  	{ 0x20  , "Cardholder Verification Results (CVR)", EMV_TAG_CVR }, // not standard!
  	{ 0x21  , "Input list for Offline Data Authentication" }, // not standard! data for "Offline Data Authentication" come from "read records" command. (EMV book3 10.3)
  
  	// EMV
  	{ 0x41  , "Country code and national data" },
  	{ 0x42  , "Issuer Identification Number (IIN)" },
  	{ 0x4f  , "Application Dedicated File (ADF) Name" },
  	{ 0x50  , "Application Label", EMV_TAG_STRING },
  	{ 0x56  , "Track 1 Data" },
  	{ 0x57  , "Track 2 Equivalent Data" },
  	{ 0x5a  , "Application Primary Account Number (PAN)" },
  	{ 0x5f20, "Cardholder Name", EMV_TAG_STRING },
  	{ 0x5f24, "Application Expiration Date", EMV_TAG_YYMMDD },
  	{ 0x5f25, "Application Effective Date", EMV_TAG_YYMMDD },
  	{ 0x5f28, "Issuer Country Code", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x5f2a, "Transaction Currency Code", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x5f2d, "Language Preference", EMV_TAG_STRING },
  	{ 0x5f30, "Service Code", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x5f34, "Application Primary Account Number (PAN) Sequence Number", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x61  , "Application Template" },
  	{ 0x6f  , "File Control Information (FCI) Template" },
  	{ 0x70  , "READ RECORD Response Message Template" },
  	{ 0x77  , "Response Message Template Format 2" },
  	{ 0x80  , "Response Message Template Format 1" },
  	{ 0x82  , "Application Interchange Profile", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_AIP },
  	{ 0x83  , "Command Template" },
  	{ 0x84  , "Dedicated File (DF) Name" },
  	{ 0x87  , "Application Priority Indicator" },
  	{ 0x88  , "Short File Identifier (SFI)" },
  	{ 0x8a  , "Authorisation Response Code" },
  	{ 0x8c  , "Card Risk Management Data Object List 1 (CDOL1)", EMV_TAG_DOL },
  	{ 0x8d  , "Card Risk Management Data Object List 2 (CDOL2)", EMV_TAG_DOL },
  	{ 0x8e  , "Cardholder Verification Method (CVM) List", EMV_TAG_CVM_LIST },
  	{ 0x8f  , "Certification Authority Public Key Index" },
  	{ 0x90  , "Issuer Public Key Certificate" },
  	{ 0x91  , "Issuer Authentication Data" },
  	{ 0x92  , "Issuer Public Key Remainder" },
  	{ 0x93  , "Signed Static Application Data" },
  	{ 0x94  , "Application File Locator (AFL)", EMV_TAG_AFL },
  	{ 0x95  , "Terminal Verification Results" },
  	{ 0x9a  , "Transaction Date", EMV_TAG_YYMMDD },
  	{ 0x9c  , "Transaction Type" },
  	{ 0x9f02, "Amount, Authorised (Numeric)", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x9f03, "Amount, Other (Numeric)", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC, },
  	{ 0x9f06, "Application Identifier (AID), Terminal. ISO 7816-5" },
  	{ 0x9f07, "Application Usage Control", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_AUC },
  	{ 0x9f08, "Application Version Number" },
  	{ 0x9f0a, "Application Selection Registered Proprietary Data" }, // https://blog.ul-ts.com/posts/electronic-card-identifier-one-more-step-for-mif-compliance/
  	{ 0x9f0d, "Issuer Action Code - Default", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_TVR },
  	{ 0x9f0e, "Issuer Action Code - Denial", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_TVR },
  	{ 0x9f0f, "Issuer Action Code - Online", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_TVR },
  	{ 0x9f10, "Issuer Application Data" },
  	{ 0x9f11, "Issuer Code Table Index", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x9f12, "Application Preferred Name", EMV_TAG_STRING },
  	{ 0x9f13, "Last Online Application Transaction Counter (ATC) Register" },
  	{ 0x9f17, "Personal Identification Number (PIN) Try Counter" },
  	{ 0x9f1a, "Terminal Country Code" },
  	{ 0x9f1f, "Track 1 Discretionary Data", EMV_TAG_STRING },
  	{ 0x9f21, "Transaction Time" },
  	{ 0x9f26, "Application Cryptogram" },
  	{ 0x9f27, "Cryptogram Information Data", EMV_TAG_CID },
  	{ 0x9f2a, "Kernel Identifier" },
  	{ 0x9f2d, "ICC PIN Encipherment Public Key Certificate" },
  	{ 0x9f2e, "ICC PIN Encipherment Public Key Exponent" },
  	{ 0x9f2f, "ICC PIN Encipherment Public Key Remainder" },
  	{ 0x9f32, "Issuer Public Key Exponent" },
  	{ 0x9f34, "Cardholder Verification Method (CVM) Results" },
  	{ 0x9f35, "Terminal Type" },
  	{ 0x9f36, "Application Transaction Counter (ATC)" },
  	{ 0x9f37, "Unpredictable Number" },
  	{ 0x9f38, "Processing Options Data Object List (PDOL)", EMV_TAG_DOL },
  	{ 0x9f42, "Application Currency Code", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x9f44, "Application Currency Exponent", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x9f45, "Data Authentication Code" },
  	{ 0x9f46, "ICC Public Key Certificate" },
  	{ 0x9f47, "ICC Public Key Exponent" },
  	{ 0x9f48, "ICC Public Key Remainder" },
  	{ 0x9f49, "Dynamic Data Authentication Data Object List (DDOL)", EMV_TAG_DOL },
  	{ 0x9f4a, "Static Data Authentication Tag List" },
  	{ 0x9f4b, "Signed Dynamic Application Data" },
  	{ 0x9f4c, "ICC Dynamic Number" },
  	{ 0x9f4d, "Log Entry" },
  	{ 0x9f4f, "Log Format", EMV_TAG_DOL },
  	{ 0x9f60, "CVC3 (Track1)" },
  	{ 0x9f61, "CVC3 (Track2)" },
  	{ 0x9f62, "PCVC3(Track1)" },
  	{ 0x9f63, "PUNATC(Track1)" },
  	{ 0x9f64, "NATC(Track1)" },
  	{ 0x9f65, "PCVC3(Track2)" },
  	{ 0x9f66, "PUNATC(Track2) / Terminal Transaction Qualifiers (TTQ)", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_TTQ },
  	{ 0x9f67, "NATC(Track2) / MSD Offset" },
  	{ 0x9f68, "Cardholder verification method list (PayPass)" },
  	{ 0x9f69, "Card Authentication Related Data" },
  	{ 0x9f6a, "Unpredictable Number", EMV_TAG_NUMERIC },
  	{ 0x9f6b, "Track 2 Data" },
  	{ 0x9f6c, "Card Transaction Qualifiers (CTQ)", EMV_TAG_BITMASK, &EMV_CTQ },
  	{ 0xa5  , "File Control Information (FCI) Proprietary Template" },
  	{ 0xbf0c, "File Control Information (FCI) Issuer Discretionary Data" },
  	{ 0xdf20, "Issuer Proprietary Bitmap (IPB)" },
  };
  
  static int emv_sort_tag(tlv_tag_t tag)
  {
  	return (int)(tag >= 0x100 ? tag : tag << 8);
  }
  
  static int emv_tlv_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
  {
  	const struct tlv *tlv = a;
  	const struct emv_tag *tag = b;
  
  	return emv_sort_tag(tlv->tag) - (emv_sort_tag(tag->tag));
  }
  
  static const struct emv_tag *emv_get_tag(const struct tlv *tlv)
  {
  	struct emv_tag *tag = bsearch(tlv, emv_tags, sizeof(emv_tags)/sizeof(emv_tags[0]),
  			sizeof(emv_tags[0]), emv_tlv_compare);
  
  	return tag ? tag : &emv_tags[0];
  }
  
  static const char *bitstrings[] = {
  	".......1",
  	"......1.",
  	".....1..",
  	"....1...",
  	"...1....",
  	"..1.....",
  	".1......",
  	"1.......",
  };
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_bitmask(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	const struct emv_tag_bit *bits = tag->data;
  	unsigned bit, byte;
  
  	for (byte = 1; byte <= tlv->len; byte ++) {
  		unsigned char val = tlv->value[byte - 1];
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tByte %u (%02x)\n", byte, val);
  		for (bit = 8; bit > 0; bit--, val <<= 1) {
  			if (val & 0x80){
  				PRINT_INDENT(level);
  				fprintf(f, "\t\t%s - '%s'\n", bitstrings[bit - 1],
  						bits->bit == EMV_BIT(byte, bit) ? bits->name : "Unknown");
  			}
  			if (bits->bit == EMV_BIT(byte, bit))
  				bits ++;
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_dol(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	const unsigned char *buf = tlv->value;
  	size_t left = tlv->len;
  
  	while (left) {
  		struct tlv doltlv;
  		const struct emv_tag *doltag;
  
  		if (!tlv_parse_tl(&buf, &left, &doltlv)) {
  			PRINT_INDENT(level);
  			fprintf(f, "Invalid Tag-Len\n");
  			continue;
  		}
  
  		doltag = emv_get_tag(&doltlv);
  
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tTag %4hx len %02zx ('%s')\n", doltlv.tag, doltlv.len, doltag->name);
  	}
  }
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_string(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	fprintf(f, "\tString value '");
  	fwrite(tlv->value, 1, tlv->len, f);
  	fprintf(f, "'\n");
  }
  
  static unsigned long emv_value_numeric(const struct tlv *tlv, unsigned start, unsigned end)
  {
  	unsigned long ret = 0;
  	int i;
  
  	if (end > tlv->len * 2)
  		return ret;
  	if (start >= end)
  		return ret;
  
  	if (start & 1) {
  		ret += tlv->value[start/2] & 0xf;
  		i = start + 1;
  	} else
  		i = start;
  
  	for (; i < end - 1; i += 2) {
  		ret *= 10;
  		ret += tlv->value[i/2] >> 4;
  		ret *= 10;
  		ret += tlv->value[i/2] & 0xf;
  	}
  
  	if (end & 1) {
  		ret *= 10;
  		ret += tlv->value[end/2] >> 4;
  	}
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_numeric(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	PRINT_INDENT(level);
  	fprintf(f, "\tNumeric value %lu\n", emv_value_numeric(tlv, 0, tlv->len * 2));
  }
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_yymmdd(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	PRINT_INDENT(level);
  	fprintf(f, "\tDate: 20%02ld.%ld.%ld\n",
  			emv_value_numeric(tlv, 0, 2),
  			emv_value_numeric(tlv, 2, 4),
  			emv_value_numeric(tlv, 4, 6));
  }
  
  static uint32_t emv_get_binary(const unsigned char *S)
  {
  	return (S[0] << 24) | (S[1] << 16) | (S[2] << 8) | (S[3] << 0);
  }
  
  // https://github.com/binaryfoo/emv-bertlv/blob/master/src/main/resources/fields/visa-cvr.txt
  static void emv_tag_dump_cvr(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level) {
  	if (!tlv || tlv->len < 1) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tINVALID!\n");
  		return;
  	}
  	
  	if (tlv->len != tlv->value[0] + 1) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tINVALID length!\n");
  		return;
  	}
  	
  	if (tlv->len >= 2) {
  		// AC1
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0xC0) == 0x00)	fprintf(f, "\tAC1: AAC (Transaction declined)\n");
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0xC0) == 0x40)	fprintf(f, "\tAC1: TC (Transaction approved)\n");
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80)	fprintf(f, "\tAC1: ARQC (Online authorisation requested)\n");
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)	fprintf(f, "\tAC1: RFU\n");
  		// AC2
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0x30) == 0x00)	fprintf(f, "\tAC2: AAC (Transaction declined)\n");
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0x30) == 0x10)	fprintf(f, "\tAC2: TC (Transaction approved)\n");
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0x30) == 0x20)	fprintf(f, "\tAC2: not requested (ARQC)\n");
  		if ((tlv->value[1] & 0x30) == 0x30)	fprintf(f, "\tAC2: RFU\n");
  	}
  	if (tlv->len >= 3 && (tlv->value[2] >> 4)) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tPIN try: %x\n", tlv->value[2] >> 4);
  	}
  	if (tlv->len >= 4 && (tlv->value[3] & 0x0F)) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tIssuer discretionary bits: %x\n", tlv->value[3] & 0x0F);
  	}
  	if (tlv->len >= 5 && (tlv->value[4] >> 4)) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tSuccessfully processed issuer script commands: %x\n", tlv->value[4] >> 4);
  	}
  	
  	// mask 0F 0F F0 0F
  	uint8_t data[20] = {0};
  	memcpy(data, &tlv->value[1], tlv->len - 1);
  	data[0] &= 0x0F;
  	data[1] &= 0x0F;
  	data[2] &= 0xF0;
  	data[3] &= 0x0F;
  	const struct tlv bit_tlv = {
  		.tag = tlv->tag,
  		.len = tlv->len - 1,
  		.value = data,
  	};
  	const struct emv_tag bit_tag = {
  		.tag = tag->tag,
  		.name = tag->name,
  		.type = EMV_TAG_BITMASK,
  		.data = EMV_CVR,
  	};
  	
  	if (data[0] || data[1] || data[2] || data[3])
  		emv_tag_dump_bitmask(&bit_tlv, &bit_tag, f, level);
  	
  	return;
  }
  
  // EMV Book 3
  static void emv_tag_dump_cid(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level) {
  	if (!tlv || tlv->len < 1) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tINVALID!\n");
  		return;
  	}
  	
  	PRINT_INDENT(level);
  	if ((tlv->value[0] & EMVAC_AC_MASK) == EMVAC_AAC)		fprintf(f, "\tAC1: AAC (Transaction declined)\n");
  	if ((tlv->value[0] & EMVAC_AC_MASK) == EMVAC_TC)		fprintf(f, "\tAC1: TC (Transaction approved)\n");
  	if ((tlv->value[0] & EMVAC_AC_MASK) == EMVAC_ARQC)		fprintf(f, "\tAC1: ARQC (Online authorisation requested)\n");
  	if ((tlv->value[0] & EMVAC_AC_MASK) == EMVAC_AC_MASK)	fprintf(f, "\tAC1: RFU\n");
  
  	if (tlv->value[0] & EMVCID_ADVICE) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tAdvice required!\n");
  	}
  
  	if (tlv->value[0] & EMVCID_REASON_MASK) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tReason/advice/referral code: ");
  		switch((tlv->value[0] & EMVCID_REASON_MASK)) {
  			case 0:
  				fprintf(f, "No information given\n");
  				break;
  			case 1:
  				fprintf(f, "Service not allowed\n");
  				break;
  			case 2:
  				fprintf(f, "PIN Try Limit exceeded\n");
  				break;
  			case 3:
  				fprintf(f, "Issuer authentication failed\n");
  				break;
  			default:
  				fprintf(f, "\tRFU: %2x\n", (tlv->value[0] & EMVCID_REASON_MASK));
  				break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	return;
  }
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_cvm_list(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	uint32_t X, Y;
  	int i;
  
  	if (tlv->len < 10 || tlv->len % 2) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tINVALID!\n");
  		return;
  	}
  
  	X = emv_get_binary(tlv->value);
  	Y = emv_get_binary(tlv->value + 4);
  
  	PRINT_INDENT(level);
  	fprintf(f, "\tX: %d\n", X);
  	PRINT_INDENT(level);
  	fprintf(f, "\tY: %d\n", Y);
  
  	for (i = 8; i < tlv->len; i+= 2) {
  		const char *method;
  		const char *condition;
  
  		switch (tlv->value[i] & 0x3f) {
  		case 0x0:
  			method = "Fail CVM processing";
  			break;
  		case 0x1:
  			method = "Plaintext PIN verification performed by ICC";
  			break;
  		case 0x2:
  			method = "Enciphered PIN verified online";
  			break;
  		case 0x3:
  			method = "Plaintext PIN verification performed by ICC and signature (paper)";
  			break;
  		case 0x4:
  			method = "Enciphered PIN verification performed by ICC";
  			break;
  		case 0x5:
  			method = "Enciphered PIN verification performed by ICC and signature (paper)";
  			break;
  		case 0x1e:
  			method = "Signature (paper)";
  			break;
  		case 0x1f:
  			method = "No CVM required";
  			break;
  		case 0x3f:
  			method = "NOT AVAILABLE!";
  			break;
  		default:
  			method = "Unknown";
  			break;
  		}
  
  		switch (tlv->value[i+1]) {
  		case 0x00:
  			condition = "Always";
  			break;
  		case 0x01:
  			condition = "If unattended cash";
  			break;
  		case 0x02:
  			condition = "If not unattended cash and not manual cash and not purchase with cashback";
  			break;
  		case 0x03:
  			condition = "If terminal supports the CVM";
  			break;
  		case 0x04:
  			condition = "If manual cash";
  			break;
  		case 0x05:
  			condition = "If purchase with cashback";
  			break;
  		case 0x06:
  			condition = "If transaction is in the application currency and is under X value";
  			break;
  		case 0x07:
  			condition = "If transaction is in the application currency and is over X value";
  			break;
  		case 0x08:
  			condition = "If transaction is in the application currency and is under Y value";
  			break;
  		case 0x09:
  			condition = "If transaction is in the application currency and is over Y value";
  			break;
  		default:
  			condition = "Unknown";
  			break;
  		}
  
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\t%02x %02x: '%s' '%s' and '%s' if this CVM is unsuccessful\n",
  				tlv->value[i], tlv->value[i+1],
  				method, condition, (tlv->value[i] & 0x40) ? "continue" : "fail");
  	}
  }
  
  static void emv_tag_dump_afl(const struct tlv *tlv, const struct emv_tag *tag, FILE *f, int level){
  	if (tlv->len < 4 || tlv->len % 4) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "\tINVALID!\n");
  		return;
  	}
  	
  	for (int i = 0; i < tlv->len / 4; i++) {
  		PRINT_INDENT(level);
  		fprintf(f, "SFI[%02x] start:%02x end:%02x offline:%02x\n", tlv->value[i * 4 + 0] >> 3, tlv->value[i * 4 + 1], tlv->value[i * 4 + 2], tlv->value[i * 4 + 3]);
  	}
  }
  
  bool emv_tag_dump(const struct tlv *tlv, FILE *f, int level)
  {
  	if (!tlv) {
  		fprintf(f, "NULL\n");
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	const struct emv_tag *tag = emv_get_tag(tlv);
  
  	PRINT_INDENT(level);
  	fprintf(f, "--%2hx[%02zx] '%s':", tlv->tag, tlv->len, tag->name);
  
  	switch (tag->type) {
  	case EMV_TAG_GENERIC:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_BITMASK:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		emv_tag_dump_bitmask(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_DOL:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		emv_tag_dump_dol(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_CVM_LIST:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		emv_tag_dump_cvm_list(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_AFL:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		emv_tag_dump_afl(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_STRING:
  		emv_tag_dump_string(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_NUMERIC:
  		emv_tag_dump_numeric(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_YYMMDD:
  		emv_tag_dump_yymmdd(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_CVR:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		emv_tag_dump_cvr(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	case EMV_TAG_CID:
  		fprintf(f, "\n");
  		emv_tag_dump_cid(tlv, tag, f, level);
  		break;
  	};
  
  	return true;
  }
  