text: /*
   * vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
   *
   * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
   * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors (see also: LICENSE)
   *
   * x.c: Interface to X11, transfers our in-memory state to X11 (see also
   *      render.c). Basically a big state machine.
   *
   */
  #include "all.h"
  
  #include <unistd.h>
  
  #ifndef MAX
  #define MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
  #endif
  
  /* Stores the X11 window ID of the currently focused window */
  xcb_window_t focused_id = XCB_NONE;
  
  /* Because 'focused_id' might be reset to force input focus, we separately keep
   * track of the X11 window ID to be able to always tell whether the focused
   * window actually changed. */
  static xcb_window_t last_focused = XCB_NONE;
  
  /* Stores coordinates to warp mouse pointer to if set */
  static Rect *warp_to;
  
  /*
   * Describes the X11 state we may modify (map state, position, window stack).
   * There is one entry per container. The state represents the current situation
   * as X11 sees it (with the exception of the order in the state_head CIRCLEQ,
   * which represents the order that will be pushed to X11, while old_state_head
   * represents the current order). It will be updated in x_push_changes().
   *
   */
  typedef struct con_state {
      xcb_window_t id;
      bool mapped;
      bool unmap_now;
      bool child_mapped;
      bool is_hidden;
  
      /* The con for which this state is. */
      Con *con;
  
      /* For reparenting, we have a flag (need_reparent) and the X ID of the old
       * frame this window was in. The latter is necessary because we need to
       * ignore UnmapNotify events (by changing the window event mask). */
      bool need_reparent;
      xcb_window_t old_frame;
  
      /* The container was child of floating container during the previous call of
       * x_push_node(). This is used to remove the shape when the container is no
       * longer floating. */
      bool was_floating;
  
      Rect rect;
      Rect window_rect;
  
      bool initial;
  
      char *name;
  
      CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(con_state) state;
      CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(con_state) old_state;
      TAILQ_ENTRY(con_state) initial_mapping_order;
  } con_state;
  
  CIRCLEQ_HEAD(state_head, con_state) state_head =
      CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(state_head);
  
  CIRCLEQ_HEAD(old_state_head, con_state) old_state_head =
      CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(old_state_head);
  
  TAILQ_HEAD(initial_mapping_head, con_state) initial_mapping_head =
      TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(initial_mapping_head);
  
  /*
   * Returns the container state for the given frame. This function always
   * returns a container state (otherwise, there is a bug in the code and the
   * container state of a container for which x_con_init() was not called was
   * requested).
   *
   */
  static con_state *state_for_frame(xcb_window_t window) {
      con_state *state;
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (state->id == window) {
              return state;
          }
      }
  
      /* TODO: better error handling? */
      ELOG("No state found for window 0x%08x\n", window);
      assert(false);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  /*
   * Changes the atoms on the root window and the windows themselves to properly
   * reflect the current focus for ewmh compliance.
   *
   */
  static void change_ewmh_focus(xcb_window_t new_focus, xcb_window_t old_focus) {
      if (new_focus == old_focus) {
          return;
      }
  
      ewmh_update_active_window(new_focus);
  
      if (new_focus != XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
          ewmh_update_focused(new_focus, true);
      }
  
      if (old_focus != XCB_WINDOW_NONE) {
          ewmh_update_focused(old_focus, false);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Initializes the X11 part for the given container. Called exactly once for
   * every container from con_new().
   *
   */
  void x_con_init(Con *con) {
      /* TODO: maybe create the window when rendering first? we could then even
       * get the initial geometry right */
  
      uint32_t mask = 0;
      uint32_t values[5];
  
      xcb_visualid_t visual = get_visualid_by_depth(con->depth);
      xcb_colormap_t win_colormap;
      if (con->depth != root_depth) {
          /* We need to create a custom colormap. */
          win_colormap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
          xcb_create_colormap(conn, XCB_COLORMAP_ALLOC_NONE, win_colormap, root, visual);
          con->colormap = win_colormap;
      } else {
          /* Use the default colormap. */
          win_colormap = colormap;
          con->colormap = XCB_NONE;
      }
  
      /* We explicitly set a background color and border color (even though we
       * don’t even have a border) because the X11 server requires us to when
       * using 32 bit color depths, see
       * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3645632 */
      mask |= XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL;
      values[0] = root_screen->black_pixel;
  
      mask |= XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL;
      values[1] = root_screen->black_pixel;
  
      /* our own frames should not be managed */
      mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
      values[2] = 1;
  
      /* see include/xcb.h for the FRAME_EVENT_MASK */
      mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
      values[3] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK & ~XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
  
      mask |= XCB_CW_COLORMAP;
      values[4] = win_colormap;
  
      Rect dims = {-15, -15, 10, 10};
      xcb_window_t frame_id = create_window(conn, dims, con->depth, visual, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, XCURSOR_CURSOR_POINTER, false, mask, values);
      draw_util_surface_init(conn, &(con->frame), frame_id, get_visualtype_by_id(visual), dims.width, dims.height);
      xcb_change_property(conn,
                          XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
                          con->frame.id,
                          XCB_ATOM_WM_CLASS,
                          XCB_ATOM_STRING,
                          8,
                          (strlen("i3-frame") + 1) * 2,
                          "i3-frame\0i3-frame\0");
  
      struct con_state *state = scalloc(1, sizeof(struct con_state));
      state->id = con->frame.id;
      state->mapped = false;
      state->initial = true;
      DLOG("Adding window 0x%08x to lists\n", state->id);
      CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&state_head, state, state);
      CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
      TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&initial_mapping_head, state, initial_mapping_order);
      DLOG("adding new state for window id 0x%08x\n", state->id);
  }
  
  /*
   * Re-initializes the associated X window state for this container. You have
   * to call this when you assign a client to an empty container to ensure that
   * its state gets updated correctly.
   *
   */
  void x_reinit(Con *con) {
      struct con_state *state;
  
      if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state not found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      DLOG("resetting state %p to initial\n", state);
      state->initial = true;
      state->child_mapped = false;
      state->con = con;
      memset(&(state->window_rect), 0, sizeof(Rect));
  }
  
  /*
   * Reparents the child window of the given container (necessary for sticky
   * containers). The reparenting happens in the next call of x_push_changes().
   *
   */
  void x_reparent_child(Con *con, Con *old) {
      struct con_state *state;
      if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state for con not found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      state->need_reparent = true;
      state->old_frame = old->frame.id;
  }
  
  /*
   * Moves a child window from Container src to Container dest.
   *
   */
  void x_move_win(Con *src, Con *dest) {
      struct con_state *state_src, *state_dest;
  
      if ((state_src = state_for_frame(src->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state for src not found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      if ((state_dest = state_for_frame(dest->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state for dest not found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      state_dest->con = state_src->con;
      state_src->con = NULL;
  
      if (rect_equals(state_dest->window_rect, (Rect){0, 0, 0, 0})) {
          memcpy(&(state_dest->window_rect), &(state_src->window_rect), sizeof(Rect));
          DLOG("COPYING RECT\n");
      }
  }
  
  static void _x_con_kill(Con *con) {
      con_state *state;
  
      if (con->colormap != XCB_NONE) {
          xcb_free_colormap(conn, con->colormap);
      }
  
      draw_util_surface_free(conn, &(con->frame));
      draw_util_surface_free(conn, &(con->frame_buffer));
      xcb_free_pixmap(conn, con->frame_buffer.id);
      con->frame_buffer.id = XCB_NONE;
      state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id);
      CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&state_head, state, state);
      CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
      TAILQ_REMOVE(&initial_mapping_head, state, initial_mapping_order);
      FREE(state->name);
      free(state);
  
      /* Invalidate focused_id to correctly focus new windows with the same ID */
      if (con->frame.id == focused_id) {
          focused_id = XCB_NONE;
      }
      if (con->frame.id == last_focused) {
          last_focused = XCB_NONE;
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Kills the window decoration associated with the given container.
   *
   */
  void x_con_kill(Con *con) {
      _x_con_kill(con);
      xcb_destroy_window(conn, con->frame.id);
  }
  
  /*
   * Completely reinitializes the container's frame, without destroying the old window.
   *
   */
  void x_con_reframe(Con *con) {
      _x_con_kill(con);
      x_con_init(con);
  }
  
  /*
   * Returns true if the client supports the given protocol atom (like WM_DELETE_WINDOW)
   *
   */
  bool window_supports_protocol(xcb_window_t window, xcb_atom_t atom) {
      xcb_get_property_cookie_t cookie;
      xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply_t protocols;
      bool result = false;
  
      cookie = xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols(conn, window, A_WM_PROTOCOLS);
      if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply(conn, cookie, &protocols, NULL) != 1)
          return false;
  
      /* Check if the client’s protocols have the requested atom set */
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < protocols.atoms_len; i++)
          if (protocols.atoms[i] == atom)
              result = true;
  
      xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply_wipe(&protocols);
  
      return result;
  }
  
  /*
   * Kills the given X11 window using WM_DELETE_WINDOW (if supported).
   *
   */
  void x_window_kill(xcb_window_t window, kill_window_t kill_window) {
      /* if this window does not support WM_DELETE_WINDOW, we kill it the hard way */
      if (!window_supports_protocol(window, A_WM_DELETE_WINDOW)) {
          if (kill_window == KILL_WINDOW) {
              LOG("Killing specific window 0x%08x\n", window);
              xcb_destroy_window(conn, window);
          } else {
              LOG("Killing the X11 client which owns window 0x%08x\n", window);
              xcb_kill_client(conn, window);
          }
          return;
      }
  
      /* Every X11 event is 32 bytes long. Therefore, XCB will copy 32 bytes.
       * In order to properly initialize these bytes, we allocate 32 bytes even
       * though we only need less for an xcb_configure_notify_event_t */
      void *event = scalloc(32, 1);
      xcb_client_message_event_t *ev = event;
  
      ev->response_type = XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE;
      ev->window = window;
      ev->type = A_WM_PROTOCOLS;
      ev->format = 32;
      ev->data.data32[0] = A_WM_DELETE_WINDOW;
      ev->data.data32[1] = XCB_CURRENT_TIME;
  
      LOG("Sending WM_DELETE to the client\n");
      xcb_send_event(conn, false, window, XCB_EVENT_MASK_NO_EVENT, (char *)ev);
      xcb_flush(conn);
      free(event);
  }
  
  static void x_draw_title_border(Con *con, struct deco_render_params *p) {
      assert(con->parent != NULL);
  
      Rect *dr = &(con->deco_rect);
  
      /* Left */
      draw_util_rectangle(&(con->parent->frame_buffer), p->color->border,
                          dr->x, dr->y, 1, dr->height);
  
      /* Right */
      draw_util_rectangle(&(con->parent->frame_buffer), p->color->border,
                          dr->x + dr->width - 1, dr->y, 1, dr->height);
  
      /* Top */
      draw_util_rectangle(&(con->parent->frame_buffer), p->color->border,
                          dr->x, dr->y, dr->width, 1);
  
      /* Bottom */
      draw_util_rectangle(&(con->parent->frame_buffer), p->color->border,
                          dr->x, dr->y + dr->height - 1, dr->width, 1);
  }
  
  static void x_draw_decoration_after_title(Con *con, struct deco_render_params *p) {
      assert(con->parent != NULL);
  
      Rect *dr = &(con->deco_rect);
  
      /* Redraw the right border to cut off any text that went past it.
       * This is necessary when the text was drawn using XCB since cutting text off
       * automatically does not work there. For pango rendering, this isn't necessary. */
      if (!font_is_pango()) {
          /* We actually only redraw the far right two pixels as that is the
           * distance we keep from the edge (not the entire border width).
           * Redrawing the entire border would cause text to be cut off. */
          draw_util_rectangle(&(con->parent->frame_buffer), p->color->background,
                              dr->x + dr->width - 2 * logical_px(1),
                              dr->y,
                              2 * logical_px(1),
                              dr->height);
      }
  
      /* Redraw the border. */
      x_draw_title_border(con, p);
  }
  
  /*
   * Get rectangles representing the border around the child window. Some borders
   * are adjacent to the screen-edge and thus not returned. Return value is the
   * number of rectangles.
   *
   */
  static size_t x_get_border_rectangles(Con *con, xcb_rectangle_t rectangles[4]) {
      size_t count = 0;
      int border_style = con_border_style(con);
  
      if (border_style != BS_NONE && con_is_leaf(con)) {
          adjacent_t borders_to_hide = con_adjacent_borders(con) & config.hide_edge_borders;
          Rect br = con_border_style_rect(con);
  
          if (!(borders_to_hide & ADJ_LEFT_SCREEN_EDGE)) {
              rectangles[count++] = (xcb_rectangle_t){
                  .x = 0,
                  .y = 0,
                  .width = br.x,
                  .height = con->rect.height,
              };
          }
          if (!(borders_to_hide & ADJ_RIGHT_SCREEN_EDGE)) {
              rectangles[count++] = (xcb_rectangle_t){
                  .x = con->rect.width + (br.width + br.x),
                  .y = 0,
                  .width = -(br.width + br.x),
                  .height = con->rect.height,
              };
          }
          if (!(borders_to_hide & ADJ_LOWER_SCREEN_EDGE)) {
              rectangles[count++] = (xcb_rectangle_t){
                  .x = br.x,
                  .y = con->rect.height + (br.height + br.y),
                  .width = con->rect.width + br.width,
                  .height = -(br.height + br.y),
              };
          }
          /* pixel border have an additional line at the top */
          if (border_style == BS_PIXEL && !(borders_to_hide & ADJ_UPPER_SCREEN_EDGE)) {
              rectangles[count++] = (xcb_rectangle_t){
                  .x = br.x,
                  .y = 0,
                  .width = con->rect.width + br.width,
                  .height = br.y,
              };
          }
      }
  
      return count;
  }
  
  /*
   * Draws the decoration of the given container onto its parent.
   *
   */
  void x_draw_decoration(Con *con) {
      Con *parent = con->parent;
      bool leaf = con_is_leaf(con);
  
      /* This code needs to run for:
       *  • leaf containers
       *  • non-leaf containers which are in a stacked/tabbed container
       *
       * It does not need to run for:
       *  • direct children of outputs or dockareas
       *  • floating containers (they don’t have a decoration)
       */
      if ((!leaf &&
           parent->layout != L_STACKED &&
           parent->layout != L_TABBED) ||
          parent->type == CT_OUTPUT ||
          parent->type == CT_DOCKAREA ||
          con->type == CT_FLOATING_CON)
          return;
  
      /* Skip containers whose height is 0 (for example empty dockareas) */
      if (con->rect.height == 0)
          return;
  
      /* Skip containers whose pixmap has not yet been created (can happen when
       * decoration rendering happens recursively for a window for which
       * x_push_node() was not yet called) */
      if (leaf && con->frame_buffer.id == XCB_NONE)
          return;
  
      /* 1: build deco_params and compare with cache */
      struct deco_render_params *p = scalloc(1, sizeof(struct deco_render_params));
  
      /* find out which colors to use */
      if (con->urgent)
          p->color = &config.client.urgent;
      else if (con == focused || con_inside_focused(con))
          p->color = &config.client.focused;
      else if (con == TAILQ_FIRST(&(parent->focus_head)))
          p->color = &config.client.focused_inactive;
      else
          p->color = &config.client.unfocused;
  
      p->border_style = con_border_style(con);
  
      Rect *r = &(con->rect);
      Rect *w = &(con->window_rect);
      p->con_rect = (struct width_height){r->width, r->height};
      p->con_window_rect = (struct width_height){w->width, w->height};
      p->con_deco_rect = con->deco_rect;
      p->background = config.client.background;
      p->con_is_leaf = con_is_leaf(con);
      p->parent_layout = con->parent->layout;
  
      if (con->deco_render_params != NULL &&
          (con->window == NULL || !con->window->name_x_changed) &&
          !parent->pixmap_recreated &&
          !con->pixmap_recreated &&
          !con->mark_changed &&
          memcmp(p, con->deco_render_params, sizeof(struct deco_render_params)) == 0) {
          free(p);
          goto copy_pixmaps;
      }
  
      Con *next = con;
      while ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(next, nodes))) {
          FREE(next->deco_render_params);
      }
  
      FREE(con->deco_render_params);
      con->deco_render_params = p;
  
      if (con->window != NULL && con->window->name_x_changed)
          con->window->name_x_changed = false;
  
      parent->pixmap_recreated = false;
      con->pixmap_recreated = false;
      con->mark_changed = false;
  
      /* 2: draw the client.background, but only for the parts around the window_rect */
      if (con->window != NULL) {
          /* Clear visible windows before beginning to draw */
          draw_util_clear_surface(&(con->frame_buffer), (color_t){.red = 0.0, .green = 0.0, .blue = 0.0});
  
          /* top area */
          draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), config.client.background,
                              0, 0, r->width, w->y);
          /* bottom area */
          draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), config.client.background,
                              0, w->y + w->height, r->width, r->height - (w->y + w->height));
          /* left area */
          draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), config.client.background,
                              0, 0, w->x, r->height);
          /* right area */
          draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), config.client.background,
                              w->x + w->width, 0, r->width - (w->x + w->width), r->height);
      }
  
      /* 3: draw a rectangle in border color around the client */
      if (p->border_style != BS_NONE && p->con_is_leaf) {
          /* Fill the border. We don’t just fill the whole rectangle because some
           * children are not freely resizable and we want their background color
           * to "shine through". */
          xcb_rectangle_t rectangles[4];
          size_t rectangles_count = x_get_border_rectangles(con, rectangles);
          for (size_t i = 0; i < rectangles_count; i++) {
              draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), p->color->child_border,
                                  rectangles[i].x,
                                  rectangles[i].y,
                                  rectangles[i].width,
                                  rectangles[i].height);
          }
  
          /* Highlight the side of the border at which the next window will be
           * opened if we are rendering a single window within a split container
           * (which is undistinguishable from a single window outside a split
           * container otherwise. */
          Rect br = con_border_style_rect(con);
          if (TAILQ_NEXT(con, nodes) == NULL &&
              TAILQ_PREV(con, nodes_head, nodes) == NULL &&
              con->parent->type != CT_FLOATING_CON) {
              if (p->parent_layout == L_SPLITH) {
                  draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), p->color->indicator,
                                      r->width + (br.width + br.x), br.y, -(br.width + br.x), r->height + br.height);
              } else if (p->parent_layout == L_SPLITV) {
                  draw_util_rectangle(&(con->frame_buffer), p->color->indicator,
                                      br.x, r->height + (br.height + br.y), r->width + br.width, -(br.height + br.y));
              }
          }
      }
  
      /* If the parent hasn't been set up yet, skip the decoration rendering
       * for now. */
      if (parent->frame_buffer.id == XCB_NONE)
          goto copy_pixmaps;
  
      /* For the first child, we clear the parent pixmap to ensure there's no
       * garbage left on there. This is important to avoid tearing when using
       * transparency. */
      if (con == TAILQ_FIRST(&(con->parent->nodes_head))) {
          draw_util_clear_surface(&(con->parent->frame_buffer), COLOR_TRANSPARENT);
          FREE(con->parent->deco_render_params);
      }
  
      /* if this is a borderless/1pixel window, we don’t need to render the
       * decoration. */
      if (p->border_style != BS_NORMAL)
          goto copy_pixmaps;
  
      /* 4: paint the bar */
      draw_util_rectangle(&(parent->frame_buffer), p->color->background,
                          con->deco_rect.x, con->deco_rect.y, con->deco_rect.width, con->deco_rect.height);
  
      /* 5: draw title border */
      x_draw_title_border(con, p);
  
      /* 6: draw the icon and title */
      int text_offset_y = (con->deco_rect.height - config.font.height) / 2;
  
      struct Window *win = con->window;
  
      const int deco_width = (int)con->deco_rect.width;
      const int title_padding = logical_px(2);
  
      int mark_width = 0;
      if (config.show_marks && !TAILQ_EMPTY(&(con->marks_head))) {
          char *formatted_mark = sstrdup("");
          bool had_visible_mark = false;
  
          mark_t *mark;
          TAILQ_FOREACH (mark, &(con->marks_head), marks) {
              if (mark->name[0] == '_')
                  continue;
              had_visible_mark = true;
  
              char *buf;
              sasprintf(&buf, "%s[%s]", formatted_mark, mark->name);
              free(formatted_mark);
              formatted_mark = buf;
          }
  
          if (had_visible_mark) {
              i3String *mark = i3string_from_utf8(formatted_mark);
              mark_width = predict_text_width(mark);
  
              int mark_offset_x = (config.title_align == ALIGN_RIGHT)
                                      ? title_padding
                                      : deco_width - mark_width - title_padding;
  
              draw_util_text(mark, &(parent->frame_buffer),
                             p->color->text, p->color->background,
                             con->deco_rect.x + mark_offset_x,
                             con->deco_rect.y + text_offset_y, mark_width);
              I3STRING_FREE(mark);
  
              mark_width += title_padding;
          }
  
          FREE(formatted_mark);
      }
  
      i3String *title = NULL;
      if (win == NULL) {
          if (con->title_format == NULL) {
              char *_title;
              char *tree = con_get_tree_representation(con);
              sasprintf(&_title, "i3: %s", tree);
              free(tree);
  
              title = i3string_from_utf8(_title);
              FREE(_title);
          } else {
              title = con_parse_title_format(con);
          }
      } else {
          title = con->title_format == NULL ? win->name : con_parse_title_format(con);
      }
      if (title == NULL) {
          goto copy_pixmaps;
      }
  
      /* icon_padding is applied horizontally only, the icon will always use all
       * available vertical space. */
      int icon_size = max(0, con->deco_rect.height - logical_px(2));
      int icon_padding = logical_px(max(1, con->window_icon_padding));
      int total_icon_space = icon_size + 2 * icon_padding;
      const bool has_icon = (con->window_icon_padding > -1) && win && win->icon && (total_icon_space < deco_width);
      if (!has_icon) {
          icon_size = icon_padding = total_icon_space = 0;
      }
      /* Determine x offsets according to title alignment */
      int icon_offset_x;
      int title_offset_x;
      switch (config.title_align) {
          case ALIGN_LEFT:
              /* (pad)[(pad)(icon)(pad)][text    ](pad)[mark + its pad)
               *             ^           ^--- title_offset_x
               *             ^--- icon_offset_x */
              icon_offset_x = icon_padding;
              title_offset_x = title_padding + total_icon_space;
              break;
          case ALIGN_CENTER:
              /* (pad)[  ][(pad)(icon)(pad)][text  ](pad)[mark + its pad)
               *                 ^           ^--- title_offset_x
               *                 ^--- icon_offset_x
               * Text should come right after the icon (+padding). We calculate
               * the offset for the icon (white space in the title) by dividing
               * by two the total available area. That's the decoration width
               * minus the elements that come after icon_offset_x (icon, its
               * padding, text, marks). */
              icon_offset_x = max(icon_padding, (deco_width - icon_padding - icon_size - predict_text_width(title) - title_padding - mark_width) / 2);
              title_offset_x = max(title_padding, icon_offset_x + icon_padding + icon_size);
              break;
          case ALIGN_RIGHT:
              /* [mark + its pad](pad)[    text][(pad)(icon)(pad)](pad)
               *                           ^           ^--- icon_offset_x
               *                           ^--- title_offset_x */
              title_offset_x = max(title_padding + mark_width, deco_width - title_padding - predict_text_width(title) - total_icon_space);
              /* Make sure the icon does not escape title boundaries */
              icon_offset_x = min(deco_width - icon_size - icon_padding - title_padding, title_offset_x + predict_text_width(title) + icon_padding);
              break;
      }
  
      draw_util_text(title, &(parent->frame_buffer),
                     p->color->text, p->color->background,
                     con->deco_rect.x + title_offset_x,
                     con->deco_rect.y + text_offset_y,
                     deco_width - mark_width - 2 * title_padding - total_icon_space);
      if (has_icon) {
          draw_util_image(
              win->icon,
              &(parent->frame_buffer),
              con->deco_rect.x + icon_offset_x,
              con->deco_rect.y + logical_px(1),
              icon_size,
              icon_size);
      }
  
      if (win == NULL || con->title_format != NULL) {
          I3STRING_FREE(title);
      }
  
      x_draw_decoration_after_title(con, p);
  copy_pixmaps:
      draw_util_copy_surface(&(con->frame_buffer), &(con->frame), 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
  }
  
  /*
   * Recursively calls x_draw_decoration. This cannot be done in x_push_node
   * because x_push_node uses focus order to recurse (see the comment above)
   * while drawing the decoration needs to happen in the actual order.
   *
   */
  void x_deco_recurse(Con *con) {
      Con *current;
      bool leaf = TAILQ_EMPTY(&(con->nodes_head)) &&
                  TAILQ_EMPTY(&(con->floating_head));
      con_state *state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id);
  
      if (!leaf) {
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->nodes_head), nodes) {
              x_deco_recurse(current);
          }
  
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->floating_head), floating_windows) {
              x_deco_recurse(current);
          }
  
          if (state->mapped) {
              draw_util_copy_surface(&(con->frame_buffer), &(con->frame), 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
          }
      }
  
      if ((con->type != CT_ROOT && con->type != CT_OUTPUT) &&
          (!leaf || con->mapped))
          x_draw_decoration(con);
  }
  
  /*
   * Sets or removes the _NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN property on con if necessary.
   *
   */
  static void set_hidden_state(Con *con) {
      if (con->window == NULL) {
          return;
      }
  
      con_state *state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id);
      bool should_be_hidden = con_is_hidden(con);
      if (should_be_hidden == state->is_hidden)
          return;
  
      if (should_be_hidden) {
          DLOG("setting _NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN for con = %p\n", con);
          xcb_add_property_atom(conn, con->window->id, A__NET_WM_STATE, A__NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN);
      } else {
          DLOG("removing _NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN for con = %p\n", con);
          xcb_remove_property_atom(conn, con->window->id, A__NET_WM_STATE, A__NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN);
      }
  
      state->is_hidden = should_be_hidden;
  }
  
  /*
   * Set the container frame shape as the union of the window shape and the
   * shape of the frame borders.
   */
  static void x_shape_frame(Con *con, xcb_shape_sk_t shape_kind) {
      assert(con->window);
  
      xcb_shape_combine(conn, XCB_SHAPE_SO_SET, shape_kind, shape_kind,
                        con->frame.id,
                        con->window_rect.x + con->border_width,
                        con->window_rect.y + con->border_width,
                        con->window->id);
      xcb_rectangle_t rectangles[4];
      size_t rectangles_count = x_get_border_rectangles(con, rectangles);
      if (rectangles_count) {
          xcb_shape_rectangles(conn, XCB_SHAPE_SO_UNION, shape_kind,
                               XCB_CLIP_ORDERING_UNSORTED, con->frame.id,
                               0, 0, rectangles_count, rectangles);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Reset the container frame shape.
   */
  static void x_unshape_frame(Con *con, xcb_shape_sk_t shape_kind) {
      assert(con->window);
  
      xcb_shape_mask(conn, XCB_SHAPE_SO_SET, shape_kind, con->frame.id, 0, 0, XCB_PIXMAP_NONE);
  }
  
  /*
   * Shape or unshape container frame based on the con state.
   */
  static void set_shape_state(Con *con, bool need_reshape) {
      if (!shape_supported || con->window == NULL) {
          return;
      }
  
      struct con_state *state;
      if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state for con %p not found\n", con);
          return;
      }
  
      if (need_reshape && con_is_floating(con)) {
          /* We need to reshape the window frame only if it already has shape. */
          if (con->window->shaped) {
              x_shape_frame(con, XCB_SHAPE_SK_BOUNDING);
          }
          if (con->window->input_shaped) {
              x_shape_frame(con, XCB_SHAPE_SK_INPUT);
          }
      }
  
      if (state->was_floating && !con_is_floating(con)) {
          /* Remove the shape when container is no longer floating. */
          if (con->window->shaped) {
              x_unshape_frame(con, XCB_SHAPE_SK_BOUNDING);
          }
          if (con->window->input_shaped) {
              x_unshape_frame(con, XCB_SHAPE_SK_INPUT);
          }
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * This function pushes the properties of each node of the layout tree to
   * X11 if they have changed (like the map state, position of the window, …).
   * It recursively traverses all children of the given node.
   *
   */
  void x_push_node(Con *con) {
      Con *current;
      con_state *state;
      Rect rect = con->rect;
  
      //DLOG("Pushing changes for node %p / %s\n", con, con->name);
      state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id);
  
      if (state->name != NULL) {
          DLOG("pushing name %s for con %p\n", state->name, con);
  
          xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, con->frame.id,
                              XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME, XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8, strlen(state->name), state->name);
          FREE(state->name);
      }
  
      if (con->window == NULL) {
          /* Calculate the height of all window decorations which will be drawn on to
           * this frame. */
          uint32_t max_y = 0, max_height = 0;
          TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->nodes_head), nodes) {
              Rect *dr = &(current->deco_rect);
              if (dr->y >= max_y && dr->height >= max_height) {
                  max_y = dr->y;
                  max_height = dr->height;
              }
          }
          rect.height = max_y + max_height;
          if (rect.height == 0)
              con->mapped = false;
      }
  
      bool need_reshape = false;
  
      /* reparent the child window (when the window was moved due to a sticky
       * container) */
      if (state->need_reparent && con->window != NULL) {
          DLOG("Reparenting child window\n");
  
          /* Temporarily set the event masks to XCB_NONE so that we won’t get
           * UnmapNotify events (otherwise the handler would close the container).
           * These events are generated automatically when reparenting. */
          uint32_t values[] = {XCB_NONE};
          xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->old_frame, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
          xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
  
          xcb_reparent_window(conn, con->window->id, con->frame.id, 0, 0);
  
          values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
          xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->old_frame, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
          values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
          xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
  
          state->old_frame = XCB_NONE;
          state->need_reparent = false;
  
          con->ignore_unmap++;
          DLOG("ignore_unmap for reparenting of con %p (win 0x%08x) is now %d\n",
               con, con->window->id, con->ignore_unmap);
  
          need_reshape = true;
      }
  
      /* We need to update shape when window frame dimensions is updated. */
      need_reshape |= state->rect.width != rect.width ||
                      state->rect.height != rect.height ||
                      state->window_rect.width != con->window_rect.width ||
                      state->window_rect.height != con->window_rect.height;
  
      /* We need to set shape when container becomes floating. */
      need_reshape |= con_is_floating(con) && !state->was_floating;
  
      /* The pixmap of a borderless leaf container will not be used except
       * for the titlebar in a stack or tabs (issue #1013). */
      bool is_pixmap_needed = (con->border_style != BS_NONE ||
                               !con_is_leaf(con) ||
                               con->parent->layout == L_STACKED ||
                               con->parent->layout == L_TABBED);
  
      /* The root con and output cons will never require a pixmap. In particular for the
       * __i3 output, this will likely not work anyway because it might be ridiculously
       * large, causing an XCB_ALLOC error. */
      if (con->type == CT_ROOT || con->type == CT_OUTPUT)
          is_pixmap_needed = false;
  
      bool fake_notify = false;
      /* Set new position if rect changed (and if height > 0) or if the pixmap
       * needs to be recreated */
      if ((is_pixmap_needed && con->frame_buffer.id == XCB_NONE) || (!rect_equals(state->rect, rect) &&
                                                                     rect.height > 0)) {
          /* We first create the new pixmap, then render to it, set it as the
           * background and only afterwards change the window size. This reduces
           * flickering. */
  
          bool has_rect_changed = (state->rect.x != rect.x || state->rect.y != rect.y ||
                                   state->rect.width != rect.width || state->rect.height != rect.height);
  
          /* Check if the container has an unneeded pixmap left over from
           * previously having a border or titlebar. */
          if (!is_pixmap_needed && con->frame_buffer.id != XCB_NONE) {
              draw_util_surface_free(conn, &(con->frame_buffer));
              xcb_free_pixmap(conn, con->frame_buffer.id);
              con->frame_buffer.id = XCB_NONE;
          }
  
          if (is_pixmap_needed && (has_rect_changed || con->frame_buffer.id == XCB_NONE)) {
              if (con->frame_buffer.id == XCB_NONE) {
                  con->frame_buffer.id = xcb_generate_id(conn);
              } else {
                  draw_util_surface_free(conn, &(con->frame_buffer));
                  xcb_free_pixmap(conn, con->frame_buffer.id);
              }
  
              uint16_t win_depth = root_depth;
              if (con->window)
                  win_depth = con->window->depth;
  
              /* Ensure we have valid dimensions for our surface. */
              // TODO This is probably a bug in the condition above as we should never enter this path
              //      for height == 0. Also, we should probably handle width == 0 the same way.
              int width = MAX((int32_t)rect.width, 1);
              int height = MAX((int32_t)rect.height, 1);
  
              xcb_create_pixmap(conn, win_depth, con->frame_buffer.id, con->frame.id, width, height);
              draw_util_surface_init(conn, &(con->frame_buffer), con->frame_buffer.id,
                                     get_visualtype_by_id(get_visualid_by_depth(win_depth)), width, height);
  
              /* For the graphics context, we disable GraphicsExposure events.
               * Those will be sent when a CopyArea request cannot be fulfilled
               * properly due to parts of the source being unmapped or otherwise
               * unavailable. Since we always copy from pixmaps to windows, this
               * is not a concern for us. */
              xcb_change_gc(conn, con->frame_buffer.gc, XCB_GC_GRAPHICS_EXPOSURES, (uint32_t[]){0});
  
              draw_util_surface_set_size(&(con->frame), width, height);
              con->pixmap_recreated = true;
  
              /* Don’t render the decoration for windows inside a stack which are
               * not visible right now */
              // TODO Should this work the same way for L_TABBED?
              if (!con->parent ||
                  con->parent->layout != L_STACKED ||
                  TAILQ_FIRST(&(con->parent->focus_head)) == con)
                  /* Render the decoration now to make the correct decoration visible
                   * from the very first moment. Later calls will be cached, so this
                   * doesn’t hurt performance. */
                  x_deco_recurse(con);
          }
  
          DLOG("setting rect (%d, %d, %d, %d)\n", rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height);
          /* flush to ensure that the following commands are sent in a single
           * buffer and will be processed directly afterwards (the contents of a
           * window get lost when resizing it, therefore we want to provide it as
           * fast as possible) */
          xcb_flush(conn);
          xcb_set_window_rect(conn, con->frame.id, rect);
          if (con->frame_buffer.id != XCB_NONE) {
              draw_util_copy_surface(&(con->frame_buffer), &(con->frame), 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
          }
          xcb_flush(conn);
  
          memcpy(&(state->rect), &rect, sizeof(Rect));
          fake_notify = true;
      }
  
      /* dito, but for child windows */
      if (con->window != NULL &&
          !rect_equals(state->window_rect, con->window_rect)) {
          DLOG("setting window rect (%d, %d, %d, %d)\n",
               con->window_rect.x, con->window_rect.y, con->window_rect.width, con->window_rect.height);
          xcb_set_window_rect(conn, con->window->id, con->window_rect);
          memcpy(&(state->window_rect), &(con->window_rect), sizeof(Rect));
          fake_notify = true;
      }
  
      set_shape_state(con, need_reshape);
  
      /* Map if map state changed, also ensure that the child window
       * is changed if we are mapped and there is a new, unmapped child window.
       * Unmaps are handled in x_push_node_unmaps(). */
      if ((state->mapped != con->mapped || (con->window != NULL && !state->child_mapped)) &&
          con->mapped) {
          xcb_void_cookie_t cookie;
  
          if (con->window != NULL) {
              /* Set WM_STATE_NORMAL because GTK applications don’t want to
               * drag & drop if we don’t. Also, xprop(1) needs it. */
              long data[] = {XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL, XCB_NONE};
              xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, con->window->id,
                                  A_WM_STATE, A_WM_STATE, 32, 2, data);
          }
  
          uint32_t values[1];
          if (!state->child_mapped && con->window != NULL) {
              cookie = xcb_map_window(conn, con->window->id);
  
              /* We are interested in EnterNotifys as soon as the window is
               * mapped */
              values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
              xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
              DLOG("mapping child window (serial %d)\n", cookie.sequence);
              state->child_mapped = true;
          }
  
          cookie = xcb_map_window(conn, con->frame.id);
  
          values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
          xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->frame.id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
  
          /* copy the pixmap contents to the frame window immediately after mapping */
          if (con->frame_buffer.id != XCB_NONE) {
              draw_util_copy_surface(&(con->frame_buffer), &(con->frame), 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
          }
          xcb_flush(conn);
  
          DLOG("mapping container %08x (serial %d)\n", con->frame.id, cookie.sequence);
          state->mapped = con->mapped;
      }
  
      state->unmap_now = (state->mapped != con->mapped) && !con->mapped;
      state->was_floating = con_is_floating(con);
  
      if (fake_notify) {
          DLOG("Sending fake configure notify\n");
          fake_absolute_configure_notify(con);
      }
  
      set_hidden_state(con);
  
      /* Handle all children and floating windows of this node. We recurse
       * in focus order to display the focused client in a stack first when
       * switching workspaces (reduces flickering). */
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->focus_head), focused) {
          x_push_node(current);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Same idea as in x_push_node(), but this function only unmaps windows. It is
   * necessary to split this up to handle new fullscreen clients properly: The
   * new window needs to be mapped and focus needs to be set *before* the
   * underlying windows are unmapped. Otherwise, focus will revert to the
   * PointerRoot and will then be set to the new window, generating unnecessary
   * FocusIn/FocusOut events.
   *
   */
  static void x_push_node_unmaps(Con *con) {
      Con *current;
      con_state *state;
  
      //DLOG("Pushing changes (with unmaps) for node %p / %s\n", con, con->name);
      state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id);
  
      /* map/unmap if map state changed, also ensure that the child window
       * is changed if we are mapped *and* in initial state (meaning the
       * container was empty before, but now got a child) */
      if (state->unmap_now) {
          xcb_void_cookie_t cookie;
          if (con->window != NULL) {
              /* Set WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN, it seems like Java apps need it */
              long data[] = {XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN, XCB_NONE};
              xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, con->window->id,
                                  A_WM_STATE, A_WM_STATE, 32, 2, data);
          }
  
          cookie = xcb_unmap_window(conn, con->frame.id);
          DLOG("unmapping container %p / %s (serial %d)\n", con, con->name, cookie.sequence);
          /* we need to increase ignore_unmap for this container (if it
           * contains a window) and for every window "under" this one which
           * contains a window */
          if (con->window != NULL) {
              con->ignore_unmap++;
              DLOG("ignore_unmap for con %p (frame 0x%08x) now %d\n", con, con->frame.id, con->ignore_unmap);
          }
          state->mapped = con->mapped;
      }
  
      /* handle all children and floating windows of this node */
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->nodes_head), nodes) {
          x_push_node_unmaps(current);
      }
  
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->floating_head), floating_windows) {
          x_push_node_unmaps(current);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Returns true if the given container is currently attached to its parent.
   *
   * TODO: Remove once #1185 has been fixed
   */
  static bool is_con_attached(Con *con) {
      if (con->parent == NULL)
          return false;
  
      Con *current;
      TAILQ_FOREACH (current, &(con->parent->nodes_head), nodes) {
          if (current == con)
              return true;
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  /*
   * Pushes all changes (state of each node, see x_push_node() and the window
   * stack) to X11.
   *
   * NOTE: We need to push the stack first so that the windows have the correct
   * stacking order. This is relevant for workspace switching where we map the
   * windows because mapping may generate EnterNotify events. When they are
   * generated in the wrong order, this will cause focus problems when switching
   * workspaces.
   *
   */
  void x_push_changes(Con *con) {
      con_state *state;
      xcb_query_pointer_cookie_t pointercookie;
  
      /* If we need to warp later, we request the pointer position as soon as possible */
      if (warp_to) {
          pointercookie = xcb_query_pointer(conn, root);
      }
  
      DLOG("-- PUSHING WINDOW STACK --\n");
      //DLOG("Disabling EnterNotify\n");
      /* We need to keep SubstructureRedirect around, otherwise clients can send
       * ConfigureWindow requests and get them applied directly instead of having
       * them become ConfigureRequests that i3 handles. */
      uint32_t values[1] = {XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT};
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (state->mapped)
              xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
      }
      //DLOG("Done, EnterNotify disabled\n");
      bool order_changed = false;
      bool stacking_changed = false;
  
      /* count first, necessary to (re)allocate memory for the bottom-to-top
       * stack afterwards */
      int cnt = 0;
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (con_has_managed_window(state->con)) {
              cnt++;
          }
      }
  
      /* The bottom-to-top window stack of all windows which are managed by i3.
       * Used for x_get_window_stack(). */
      static xcb_window_t *client_list_windows = NULL;
      static int client_list_count = 0;
  
      if (cnt != client_list_count) {
          client_list_windows = srealloc(client_list_windows, sizeof(xcb_window_t) * cnt);
          client_list_count = cnt;
      }
  
      xcb_window_t *walk = client_list_windows;
  
      /* X11 correctly represents the stack if we push it from bottom to top */
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (con_has_managed_window(state->con))
              memcpy(walk++, &(state->con->window->id), sizeof(xcb_window_t));
  
          //DLOG("stack: 0x%08x\n", state->id);
          con_state *prev = CIRCLEQ_PREV(state, state);
          con_state *old_prev = CIRCLEQ_PREV(state, old_state);
          if (prev != old_prev)
              order_changed = true;
          if ((state->initial || order_changed) && prev != CIRCLEQ_END(&state_head)) {
              stacking_changed = true;
              //DLOG("Stacking 0x%08x above 0x%08x\n", prev->id, state->id);
              uint32_t mask = 0;
              mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING;
              mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE;
              uint32_t values[] = {state->id, XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE};
  
              xcb_configure_window(conn, prev->id, mask, values);
          }
          state->initial = false;
      }
  
      /* If we re-stacked something (or a new window appeared), we need to update
       * the _NET_CLIENT_LIST and _NET_CLIENT_LIST_STACKING hints */
      if (stacking_changed) {
          DLOG("Client list changed (%i clients)\n", cnt);
          ewmh_update_client_list_stacking(client_list_windows, client_list_count);
  
          walk = client_list_windows;
  
          /* reorder by initial mapping */
          TAILQ_FOREACH (state, &initial_mapping_head, initial_mapping_order) {
              if (con_has_managed_window(state->con))
                  *walk++ = state->con->window->id;
          }
  
          ewmh_update_client_list(client_list_windows, client_list_count);
      }
  
      DLOG("PUSHING CHANGES\n");
      x_push_node(con);
  
      if (warp_to) {
          xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *pointerreply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, pointercookie, NULL);
          if (!pointerreply) {
              ELOG("Could not query pointer position, not warping pointer\n");
          } else {
              int mid_x = warp_to->x + (warp_to->width / 2);
              int mid_y = warp_to->y + (warp_to->height / 2);
  
              Output *current = get_output_containing(pointerreply->root_x, pointerreply->root_y);
              Output *target = get_output_containing(mid_x, mid_y);
              if (current != target) {
                  /* Ignore MotionNotify events generated by warping */
                  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, root, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, (uint32_t[]){XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT});
                  xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE, root, 0, 0, 0, 0, mid_x, mid_y);
                  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, root, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, (uint32_t[]){ROOT_EVENT_MASK});
              }
  
              free(pointerreply);
          }
          warp_to = NULL;
      }
  
      //DLOG("Re-enabling EnterNotify\n");
      values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (state->mapped)
              xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
      }
      //DLOG("Done, EnterNotify re-enabled\n");
  
      x_deco_recurse(con);
  
      xcb_window_t to_focus = focused->frame.id;
      if (focused->window != NULL)
          to_focus = focused->window->id;
  
      if (focused_id != to_focus) {
          if (!focused->mapped) {
              DLOG("Not updating focus (to %p / %s), focused window is not mapped.\n", focused, focused->name);
              /* Invalidate focused_id to correctly focus new windows with the same ID */
              focused_id = XCB_NONE;
          } else {
              if (focused->window != NULL &&
                  focused->window->needs_take_focus &&
                  focused->window->doesnt_accept_focus) {
                  DLOG("Updating focus by sending WM_TAKE_FOCUS to window 0x%08x (focused: %p / %s)\n",
                       to_focus, focused, focused->name);
                  send_take_focus(to_focus, last_timestamp);
  
                  change_ewmh_focus((con_has_managed_window(focused) ? focused->window->id : XCB_WINDOW_NONE), last_focused);
  
                  if (to_focus != last_focused && is_con_attached(focused))
                      ipc_send_window_event("focus", focused);
              } else {
                  DLOG("Updating focus (focused: %p / %s) to X11 window 0x%08x\n", focused, focused->name, to_focus);
                  /* We remove XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE from the event mask to get
                   * no focus change events for our own focus changes. We only want
                   * these generated by the clients. */
                  if (focused->window != NULL) {
                      values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK & ~(XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE);
                      xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, focused->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
                  }
                  xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, to_focus, last_timestamp);
                  if (focused->window != NULL) {
                      values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
                      xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, focused->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
                  }
  
                  change_ewmh_focus((con_has_managed_window(focused) ? focused->window->id : XCB_WINDOW_NONE), last_focused);
  
                  if (to_focus != XCB_NONE && to_focus != last_focused && focused->window != NULL && is_con_attached(focused))
                      ipc_send_window_event("focus", focused);
              }
  
              focused_id = last_focused = to_focus;
          }
      }
  
      if (focused_id == XCB_NONE) {
          /* If we still have no window to focus, we focus the EWMH window instead. We use this rather than the
           * root window in order to avoid an X11 fallback mechanism causing a ghosting effect (see #1378). */
          DLOG("Still no window focused, better set focus to the EWMH support window (%d)\n", ewmh_window);
          xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, ewmh_window, last_timestamp);
          change_ewmh_focus(XCB_WINDOW_NONE, last_focused);
  
          focused_id = ewmh_window;
          last_focused = XCB_NONE;
      }
  
      xcb_flush(conn);
      DLOG("ENDING CHANGES\n");
  
      /* Disable EnterWindow events for windows which will be unmapped in
       * x_push_node_unmaps() now. Unmapping windows happens when switching
       * workspaces. We want to avoid getting EnterNotifies during that phase
       * because they would screw up our focus. One of these cases is having a
       * stack with two windows. If the first window is focused and gets
       * unmapped, the second one appears under the cursor and therefore gets an
       * EnterNotify event. */
      values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK & ~XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (!state->unmap_now)
              continue;
          xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
      }
  
      /* Push all pending unmaps */
      x_push_node_unmaps(con);
  
      /* save the current stack as old stack */
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH (state, &state_head, state) {
          CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
          CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
      }
      //CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(state, &old_state_head, old_state) {
      //    DLOG("old stack: 0x%08x\n", state->id);
      //}
  
      xcb_flush(conn);
  }
  
  /*
   * Raises the specified container in the internal stack of X windows. The
   * next call to x_push_changes() will make the change visible in X11.
   *
   */
  void x_raise_con(Con *con) {
      con_state *state;
      state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id);
      //DLOG("raising in new stack: %p / %s / %s / xid %08x\n", con, con->name, con->window ? con->window->name_json : "", state->id);
  
      CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&state_head, state, state);
      CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&state_head, state, state);
  }
  
  /*
   * Sets the WM_NAME property (so, no UTF8, but used only for debugging anyways)
   * of the given name. Used for properly tagging the windows for easily spotting
   * i3 windows in xwininfo -root -all.
   *
   */
  void x_set_name(Con *con, const char *name) {
      struct con_state *state;
  
      if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state not found\n");
          return;
      }
  
      FREE(state->name);
      state->name = sstrdup(name);
  }
  
  /*
   * Set up the I3_SHMLOG_PATH atom.
   *
   */
  void update_shmlog_atom(void) {
      if (*shmlogname == '\0') {
          xcb_delete_property(conn, root, A_I3_SHMLOG_PATH);
      } else {
          xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root,
                              A_I3_SHMLOG_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
                              strlen(shmlogname), shmlogname);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Sets up i3 specific atoms (I3_SOCKET_PATH and I3_CONFIG_PATH)
   *
   */
  void x_set_i3_atoms(void) {
      pid_t pid = getpid();
      xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_SOCKET_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
                          (current_socketpath == NULL ? 0 : strlen(current_socketpath)),
                          current_socketpath);
      xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_PID, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32, 1, &pid);
      xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_CONFIG_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
                          strlen(current_configpath), current_configpath);
      xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_LOG_STREAM_SOCKET_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
                          strlen(current_log_stream_socket_path), current_log_stream_socket_path);
      update_shmlog_atom();
  }
  
  /*
   * Set warp_to coordinates.  This will trigger on the next call to
   * x_push_changes().
   *
   */
  void x_set_warp_to(Rect *rect) {
      if (config.mouse_warping != POINTER_WARPING_NONE)
          warp_to = rect;
  }
  
  /*
   * Applies the given mask to the event mask of every i3 window decoration X11
   * window. This is useful to disable EnterNotify while resizing so that focus
   * is untouched.
   *
   */
  void x_mask_event_mask(uint32_t mask) {
      uint32_t values[] = {FRAME_EVENT_MASK & mask};
  
      con_state *state;
      CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE (state, &state_head, state) {
          if (state->mapped)
              xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * Enables or disables nonrectangular shape of the container frame.
   */
  void x_set_shape(Con *con, xcb_shape_sk_t kind, bool enable) {
      struct con_state *state;
      if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame.id)) == NULL) {
          ELOG("window state for con %p not found\n", con);
          return;
      }
  
      switch (kind) {
          case XCB_SHAPE_SK_BOUNDING:
              con->window->shaped = enable;
              break;
          case XCB_SHAPE_SK_INPUT:
              con->window->input_shaped = enable;
              break;
          default:
              ELOG("Received unknown shape event kind for con %p. This is a bug.\n",
                   con);
              return;
      }
  
      if (con_is_floating(con)) {
          if (enable) {
              x_shape_frame(con, kind);
          } else {
              x_unshape_frame(con, kind);
          }
  
          xcb_flush(conn);
      }
  }
  