text: /*******************************************************************************
   * Copyright (c) 2008-2016 The Khronos Group Inc.
   *
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
   * copy of this software and/or associated documentation files (the
   * "Materials"), to deal in the Materials without restriction, including
   * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Materials, and to
   * permit persons to whom the Materials are furnished to do so, subject to
   * the following conditions:
   *
   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
   * in all copies or substantial portions of the Materials.
   *
   * MODIFICATIONS TO THIS FILE MAY MEAN IT NO LONGER ACCURATELY REFLECTS
   * KHRONOS STANDARDS. THE UNMODIFIED, NORMATIVE VERSIONS OF KHRONOS
   * SPECIFICATIONS AND HEADER INFORMATION ARE LOCATED AT
   *    https://www.khronos.org/registry/
   *
   * THE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
   * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
   * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
   * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
   * MATERIALS OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE MATERIALS.
   ******************************************************************************/
  
  /*! \file
   *
   *   \brief C++ bindings for OpenCL 1.0 (rev 48), OpenCL 1.1 (rev 33),
   *       OpenCL 1.2 (rev 15) and OpenCL 2.0 (rev 29)
   *   \author Lee Howes and Bruce Merry
   *
   *   Derived from the OpenCL 1.x C++ bindings written by
   *   Benedict R. Gaster, Laurent Morichetti and Lee Howes
   *   With additions and fixes from:
   *       Brian Cole, March 3rd 2010 and April 2012
   *       Matt Gruenke, April 2012.
   *       Bruce Merry, February 2013.
   *       Tom Deakin and Simon McIntosh-Smith, July 2013
   *       James Price, 2015-
   *
   *   \version 2.0.10
   *   \date 2016-07-20
   *
   *   Optional extension support
   *
   *         cl_ext_device_fission
   *         #define CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION
   *         cl_khr_d3d10_sharing
   *         #define CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP
   *         cl_khr_sub_groups
   *         #define CL_HPP_USE_CL_SUB_GROUPS_KHR
   *         cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer
   *         #define CL_HPP_USE_CL_IMAGE2D_FROM_BUFFER_KHR
   *
   *   Doxygen documentation for this header is available here:
   *
   *       http://khronosgroup.github.io/OpenCL-CLHPP/
   *
   *   The latest version of this header can be found on the GitHub releases page:
   *
   *       https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-CLHPP/releases
   *
   *   Bugs and patches can be submitted to the GitHub repository:
   *
   *       https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-CLHPP
   */
  
  /*! \mainpage
   * \section intro Introduction
   * For many large applications C++ is the language of choice and so it seems
   * reasonable to define C++ bindings for OpenCL.
   *
   * The interface is contained with a single C++ header file \em cl2.hpp and all
   * definitions are contained within the namespace \em cl. There is no additional
   * requirement to include \em cl.h and to use either the C++ or original C
   * bindings; it is enough to simply include \em cl2.hpp.
   *
   * The bindings themselves are lightweight and correspond closely to the
   * underlying C API. Using the C++ bindings introduces no additional execution
   * overhead.
   *
   * There are numerous compatibility, portability and memory management
   * fixes in the new header as well as additional OpenCL 2.0 features.
   * As a result the header is not directly backward compatible and for this
   * reason we release it as cl2.hpp rather than a new version of cl.hpp.
   * 
   *
   * \section compatibility Compatibility
   * Due to the evolution of the underlying OpenCL API the 2.0 C++ bindings
   * include an updated approach to defining supported feature versions
   * and the range of valid underlying OpenCL runtime versions supported.
   *
   * The combination of preprocessor macros CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION and 
   * CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION control this range. These are three digit
   * decimal values representing OpenCL runime versions. The default for 
   * the target is 200, representing OpenCL 2.0 and the minimum is also 
   * defined as 200. These settings would use 2.0 API calls only.
   * If backward compatibility with a 1.2 runtime is required, the minimum
   * version may be set to 120.
   *
   * Note that this is a compile-time setting, and so affects linking against
   * a particular SDK version rather than the versioning of the loaded runtime.
   *
   * The earlier versions of the header included basic vector and string 
   * classes based loosely on STL versions. These were difficult to 
   * maintain and very rarely used. For the 2.0 header we now assume
   * the presence of the standard library unless requested otherwise.
   * We use std::array, std::vector, std::shared_ptr and std::string 
   * throughout to safely manage memory and reduce the chance of a 
   * recurrance of earlier memory management bugs.
   *
   * These classes are used through typedefs in the cl namespace: 
   * cl::array, cl::vector, cl::pointer and cl::string.
   * In addition cl::allocate_pointer forwards to std::allocate_shared
   * by default.
   * In all cases these standard library classes can be replaced with 
   * custom interface-compatible versions using the CL_HPP_NO_STD_ARRAY, 
   * CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR, CL_HPP_NO_STD_UNIQUE_PTR and 
   * CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING macros.
   *
   * The OpenCL 1.x versions of the C++ bindings included a size_t wrapper
   * class to interface with kernel enqueue. This caused unpleasant interactions
   * with the standard size_t declaration and led to namespacing bugs.
   * In the 2.0 version we have replaced this with a std::array-based interface.
   * However, the old behaviour can be regained for backward compatibility
   * using the CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY macro.
   *
   * Finally, the program construction interface used a clumsy vector-of-pairs
   * design in the earlier versions. We have replaced that with a cleaner 
   * vector-of-vectors and vector-of-strings design. However, for backward 
   * compatibility old behaviour can be regained with the
   * CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY macro.
   * 
   * In OpenCL 2.0 OpenCL C is not entirely backward compatibility with 
   * earlier versions. As a result a flag must be passed to the OpenCL C
   * compiled to request OpenCL 2.0 compilation of kernels with 1.2 as
   * the default in the absence of the flag.
   * In some cases the C++ bindings automatically compile code for ease.
   * For those cases the compilation defaults to OpenCL C 2.0.
   * If this is not wanted, the CL_HPP_CL_1_2_DEFAULT_BUILD macro may
   * be specified to assume 1.2 compilation.
   * If more fine-grained decisions on a per-kernel bases are required
   * then explicit build operations that take the flag should be used.
   *
   *
   * \section parameterization Parameters
   * This header may be parameterized by a set of preprocessor macros.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION
   *
   *   Defines the target OpenCL runtime version to build the header
   *   against. Defaults to 200, representing OpenCL 2.0.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING
   *
   *   Do not use the standard library string class. cl::string is not
   *   defined and may be defined by the user before cl2.hpp is
   *   included.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR
   *
   *   Do not use the standard library vector class. cl::vector is not
   *   defined and may be defined by the user before cl2.hpp is
   *   included.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_NO_STD_ARRAY
   *
   *   Do not use the standard library array class. cl::array is not
   *   defined and may be defined by the user before cl2.hpp is
   *   included.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_NO_STD_UNIQUE_PTR
   *
   *   Do not use the standard library unique_ptr class. cl::pointer and
   *   the cl::allocate_pointer functions are not defined and may be
   *   defined by the user before cl2.hpp is included.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_ENABLE_DEVICE_FISSION
   *
   *   Enables device fission for OpenCL 1.2 platforms.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS
   *
   *   Enable exceptions for use in the C++ bindings header. This is the
   *   preferred error handling mechanism but is not required.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY
   *
   *   Backward compatibility option to support cl.hpp-style size_t
   *   class.  Replaces the updated std::array derived version and
   *   removal of size_t from the namespace. Note that in this case the
   *   new size_t class is placed in the cl::compatibility namespace and
   *   thus requires an additional using declaration for direct backward
   *   compatibility.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY
   *
   *   Enable older vector of pairs interface for construction of
   *   programs.
   *
   * - CL_HPP_CL_1_2_DEFAULT_BUILD
   *
   *   Default to OpenCL C 1.2 compilation rather than OpenCL C 2.0
   *   applies to use of cl::Program construction and other program
   *   build variants.
   *
   *
   * \section example Example
   *
   * The following example shows a general use case for the C++
   * bindings, including support for the optional exception feature and
   * also the supplied vector and string classes, see following sections for
   * decriptions of these features.
   *
   * \code
      #define CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS
      #define CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION 200
  
      #include <CL/cl2.hpp>
      #include <iostream>
      #include <vector>
      #include <memory>
      #include <algorithm>
  
      const int numElements = 32;
  
      int main(void)
      {
          // Filter for a 2.0 platform and set it as the default
          std::vector<cl::Platform> platforms;
          cl::Platform::get(&platforms);
          cl::Platform plat;
          for (auto &p : platforms) {
              std::string platver = p.getInfo<CL_PLATFORM_VERSION>();
              if (platver.find("OpenCL 2.") != std::string::npos) {
                  plat = p;
              }
          }
          if (plat() == 0)  {
              std::cout << "No OpenCL 2.0 platform found.";
              return -1;
          }
  
          cl::Platform newP = cl::Platform::setDefault(plat);
          if (newP != plat) {
              std::cout << "Error setting default platform.";
              return -1;
          }
  
          // Use C++11 raw string literals for kernel source code
          std::string kernel1{R"CLC(
              global int globalA;
              kernel void updateGlobal()
              {
                globalA = 75;
              }
          )CLC"};
          std::string kernel2{R"CLC(
              typedef struct { global int *bar; } Foo;
              kernel void vectorAdd(global const Foo* aNum, global const int *inputA, global const int *inputB,
                                    global int *output, int val, write_only pipe int outPipe, queue_t childQueue)
              {
                output[get_global_id(0)] = inputA[get_global_id(0)] + inputB[get_global_id(0)] + val + *(aNum->bar);
                write_pipe(outPipe, &val);
                queue_t default_queue = get_default_queue();
                ndrange_t ndrange = ndrange_1D(get_global_size(0)/2, get_global_size(0)/2);
  
                // Have a child kernel write into third quarter of output
                enqueue_kernel(default_queue, CLK_ENQUEUE_FLAGS_WAIT_KERNEL, ndrange,
                  ^{
                      output[get_global_size(0)*2 + get_global_id(0)] =
                        inputA[get_global_size(0)*2 + get_global_id(0)] + inputB[get_global_size(0)*2 + get_global_id(0)] + globalA;
                  });
  
                // Have a child kernel write into last quarter of output
                enqueue_kernel(childQueue, CLK_ENQUEUE_FLAGS_WAIT_KERNEL, ndrange,
                  ^{
                      output[get_global_size(0)*3 + get_global_id(0)] =
                        inputA[get_global_size(0)*3 + get_global_id(0)] + inputB[get_global_size(0)*3 + get_global_id(0)] + globalA + 2;
                  });
              }
          )CLC"};
  
          // New simpler string interface style
          std::vector<std::string> programStrings {kernel1, kernel2};
  
          cl::Program vectorAddProgram(programStrings);
          try {
              vectorAddProgram.build("-cl-std=CL2.0");
          }
          catch (...) {
              // Print build info for all devices
              cl_int buildErr = CL_SUCCESS;
              auto buildInfo = vectorAddProgram.getBuildInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>(&buildErr);
              for (auto &pair : buildInfo) {
                  std::cerr << pair.second << std::endl << std::endl;
              }
  
              return 1;
          }
  
          typedef struct { int *bar; } Foo;
  
          // Get and run kernel that initializes the program-scope global
          // A test for kernels that take no arguments
          auto program2Kernel =
              cl::KernelFunctor<>(vectorAddProgram, "updateGlobal");
          program2Kernel(
              cl::EnqueueArgs(
              cl::NDRange(1)));
  
          //////////////////
          // SVM allocations
  
          auto anSVMInt = cl::allocate_svm<int, cl::SVMTraitCoarse<>>();
          *anSVMInt = 5;
          cl::SVMAllocator<Foo, cl::SVMTraitCoarse<cl::SVMTraitReadOnly<>>> svmAllocReadOnly;
          auto fooPointer = cl::allocate_pointer<Foo>(svmAllocReadOnly);
          fooPointer->bar = anSVMInt.get();
          cl::SVMAllocator<int, cl::SVMTraitCoarse<>> svmAlloc;
          std::vector<int, cl::SVMAllocator<int, cl::SVMTraitCoarse<>>> inputA(numElements, 1, svmAlloc);
          cl::coarse_svm_vector<int> inputB(numElements, 2, svmAlloc);
  
          //
          //////////////
  
          // Traditional cl_mem allocations
          std::vector<int> output(numElements, 0xdeadbeef);
          cl::Buffer outputBuffer(begin(output), end(output), false);
          cl::Pipe aPipe(sizeof(cl_int), numElements / 2);
  
          // Default command queue, also passed in as a parameter
          cl::DeviceCommandQueue defaultDeviceQueue = cl::DeviceCommandQueue::makeDefault(
              cl::Context::getDefault(), cl::Device::getDefault());
  
          auto vectorAddKernel =
              cl::KernelFunctor<
                  decltype(fooPointer)&,
                  int*,
                  cl::coarse_svm_vector<int>&,
                  cl::Buffer,
                  int,
                  cl::Pipe&,
                  cl::DeviceCommandQueue
                  >(vectorAddProgram, "vectorAdd");
  
          // Ensure that the additional SVM pointer is available to the kernel
          // This one was not passed as a parameter
          vectorAddKernel.setSVMPointers(anSVMInt);
  
          // Hand control of coarse allocations to runtime
          cl::enqueueUnmapSVM(anSVMInt);
          cl::enqueueUnmapSVM(fooPointer);
          cl::unmapSVM(inputB);
          cl::unmapSVM(output2);
  
  	    cl_int error;
  	    vectorAddKernel(
              cl::EnqueueArgs(
                  cl::NDRange(numElements/2),
                  cl::NDRange(numElements/2)),
              fooPointer,
              inputA.data(),
              inputB,
              outputBuffer,
              3,
              aPipe,
              defaultDeviceQueue,
  		    error
              );
  
          cl::copy(outputBuffer, begin(output), end(output));
          // Grab the SVM output vector using a map
          cl::mapSVM(output2);
  
          cl::Device d = cl::Device::getDefault();
  
          std::cout << "Output:\n";
          for (int i = 1; i < numElements; ++i) {
              std::cout << "\t" << output[i] << "\n";
          }
          std::cout << "\n\n";
  
          return 0;
      }
   *
   * \endcode
   *
   */
  #ifndef CL_HPP_
  #define CL_HPP_
  
  /* Handle deprecated preprocessor definitions. In each case, we only check for
   * the old name if the new name is not defined, so that user code can define
   * both and hence work with either version of the bindings.
   */
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP) && defined(USE_DX_INTEROP)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: USE_DX_INTEROP is deprecated. Define CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP instead")
  # define CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP
  #endif
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION) && defined(USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION is deprecated. Define CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION instead")
  # define CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION
  #endif
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(__CL_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: __CL_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS is deprecated. Define CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS instead")
  # define CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS
  #endif
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR) && defined(__NO_STD_VECTOR)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: __NO_STD_VECTOR is deprecated. Define CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR instead")
  # define CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR
  #endif
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING) && defined(__NO_STD_STRING)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: __NO_STD_STRING is deprecated. Define CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING instead")
  # define CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING
  #endif
  #if defined(VECTOR_CLASS)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: VECTOR_CLASS is deprecated. Alias cl::vector instead")
  #endif
  #if defined(STRING_CLASS)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: STRING_CLASS is deprecated. Alias cl::string instead.")
  #endif
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS) && defined(__CL_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: __CL_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS is deprecated. Define CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS instead")
  # define CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS
  #endif
  
  /* Warn about features that are no longer supported
   */
  #if defined(__USE_DEV_VECTOR)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: __USE_DEV_VECTOR is no longer supported. Expect compilation errors")
  #endif
  #if defined(__USE_DEV_STRING)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: __USE_DEV_STRING is no longer supported. Expect compilation errors")
  #endif
  
  /* Detect which version to target */
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION)
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION is not defined. It will default to 200 (OpenCL 2.0)")
  # define CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION 200
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION != 100 && CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION != 110 && CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION != 120 && CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION != 200
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION is not a valid value (100, 110, 120 or 200). It will be set to 200")
  # undef CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION
  # define CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION 200
  #endif
  /* Forward target OpenCL version to C headers */
  #define CL_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION
  
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION)
  # define CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION 200
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION != 100 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION != 110 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION != 120 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION != 200
  # pragma message("cl2.hpp: CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION is not a valid value (100, 110, 120 or 200). It will be set to 100")
  # undef CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION
  # define CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION 100
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION > CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION
  # error "CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION must not be greater than CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION"
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION <= 100 && !defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_0_APIS)
  # define CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_0_APIS
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION <= 110 && !defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  # define CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION <= 120 && !defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_2_APIS)
  # define CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_2_APIS
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION <= 200 && !defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_2_0_APIS)
  # define CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_2_0_APIS
  #endif
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  
  #include <malloc.h>
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP)
  #include <CL/cl_d3d10.h>
  #include <CL/cl_dx9_media_sharing.h>
  #endif
  #endif // _WIN32
  
  #if defined(_MSC_VER)
  #include <intrin.h>
  #endif // _MSC_VER 
   
   // Check for a valid C++ version
  
  // Need to do both tests here because for some reason __cplusplus is not 
  // updated in visual studio
  #if (!defined(_MSC_VER) && __cplusplus < 201103L) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1700)
  #error Visual studio 2013 or another C++11-supporting compiler required
  #endif
  
  // 
  #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION) || defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_SUB_GROUPS_KHR)
  #include <CL/cl_ext.h>
  #endif
  
  #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACOSX)
  #include <OpenCL/opencl.h>
  #else
  #include <CL/opencl.h>
  #endif // !__APPLE__
  
  #if (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
  #define CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ noexcept
  #else
  #define CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
  #endif
  
  #if defined(_MSC_VER)
  # define CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ __declspec(selectany)
  #else
  # define CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ __attribute__((weak))
  #endif // !_MSC_VER
  
  // Define deprecated prefixes and suffixes to ensure compilation
  // in case they are not pre-defined
  #if !defined(CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED)
  #define CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED  
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED)
  #if !defined(CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED)
  #define CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED)
  
  #if !defined(CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED)
  #define CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED  
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED)
  #if !defined(CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED)
  #define CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED)
  
  #if !defined(CL_CALLBACK)
  #define CL_CALLBACK
  #endif //CL_CALLBACK
  
  #include <utility>
  #include <limits>
  #include <iterator>
  #include <mutex>
  #include <cstring>
  #include <functional>
  
  
  // Define a size_type to represent a correctly resolved size_t
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY)
  namespace cl {
      using size_type = ::size_t;
  } // namespace cl
  #else // #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY)
  namespace cl {
      using size_type = size_t;
  } // namespace cl
  #endif // #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY)
  
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  #include <exception>
  #endif // #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR)
  #include <vector>
  namespace cl {
      template < class T, class Alloc = std::allocator<T> >
      using vector = std::vector<T, Alloc>;
  } // namespace cl
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_VECTOR)
  
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING)
  #include <string>
  namespace cl {
      using string = std::string;
  } // namespace cl
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_STRING)
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_UNIQUE_PTR)
  #include <memory>
  namespace cl {
      // Replace unique_ptr and allocate_pointer for internal use
      // to allow user to replace them
      template<class T, class D>
      using pointer = std::unique_ptr<T, D>;
  } // namespace cl
  #endif 
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_ARRAY)
  #include <array>
  namespace cl {
      template < class T, size_type N >
      using array = std::array<T, N>;
  } // namespace cl
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_ARRAY)
  
  // Define size_type appropriately to allow backward-compatibility
  // use of the old size_t interface class
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY)
  namespace cl {
      namespace compatibility {
          /*! \brief class used to interface between C++ and
          *  OpenCL C calls that require arrays of size_t values, whose
          *  size is known statically.
          */
          template <int N>
          class size_t
          {
          private:
              size_type data_[N];
  
          public:
              //! \brief Initialize size_t to all 0s
              size_t()
              {
                  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                      data_[i] = 0;
                  }
              }
  
              size_t(const array<size_type, N> &rhs)
              {
                  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                      data_[i] = rhs[i];
                  }
              }
  
              size_type& operator[](int index)
              {
                  return data_[index];
              }
  
              const size_type& operator[](int index) const
              {
                  return data_[index];
              }
  
              //! \brief Conversion operator to T*.
              operator size_type* ()             { return data_; }
  
              //! \brief Conversion operator to const T*.
              operator const size_type* () const { return data_; }
  
              operator array<size_type, N>() const
              {
                  array<size_type, N> ret;
  
                  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                      ret[i] = data_[i];
                  }
                  return ret;
              }
          };
      } // namespace compatibility
  
      template<int N>
      using size_t = compatibility::size_t<N>;
  } // namespace cl
  #endif // #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_SIZE_T_COMPATIBILITY)
  
  // Helper alias to avoid confusing the macros
  namespace cl {
      namespace detail {
          using size_t_array = array<size_type, 3>;
      } // namespace detail
  } // namespace cl
  
  
  /*! \namespace cl
   *
   * \brief The OpenCL C++ bindings are defined within this namespace.
   *
   */
  namespace cl {
      class Memory;
  
  #define CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_(name) \
      if (!pfn_##name) {    \
      pfn_##name = (PFN_##name) \
      clGetExtensionFunctionAddress(#name); \
      if (!pfn_##name) {    \
      } \
      }
  
  #define CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_PLATFORM_(platform, name) \
      if (!pfn_##name) {    \
      pfn_##name = (PFN_##name) \
      clGetExtensionFunctionAddressForPlatform(platform, #name); \
      if (!pfn_##name) {    \
      } \
      }
  
      class Program;
      class Device;
      class Context;
      class CommandQueue;
      class DeviceCommandQueue;
      class Memory;
      class Buffer;
      class Pipe;
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
      /*! \brief Exception class 
       * 
       *  This may be thrown by API functions when CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS is defined.
       */
      class Error : public std::exception
      {
      private:
          cl_int err_;
          const char * errStr_;
      public:
          /*! \brief Create a new CL error exception for a given error code
           *  and corresponding message.
           * 
           *  \param err error code value.
           *
           *  \param errStr a descriptive string that must remain in scope until
           *                handling of the exception has concluded.  If set, it
           *                will be returned by what().
           */
          Error(cl_int err, const char * errStr = NULL) : err_(err), errStr_(errStr)
          {}
  
          ~Error() throw() {}
  
          /*! \brief Get error string associated with exception
           *
           * \return A memory pointer to the error message string.
           */
          virtual const char * what() const throw ()
          {
              if (errStr_ == NULL) {
                  return "empty";
              }
              else {
                  return errStr_;
              }
          }
  
          /*! \brief Get error code associated with exception
           *
           *  \return The error code.
           */
          cl_int err(void) const { return err_; }
      };
  #define CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(x) #x
  #else
  #define CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(x) NULL
  #endif // CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS
  
  
  namespace detail
  {
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  static inline cl_int errHandler (
      cl_int err,
      const char * errStr = NULL)
  {
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          throw Error(err, errStr);
      }
      return err;
  }
  #else
  static inline cl_int errHandler (cl_int err, const char * errStr = NULL)
  {
      (void) errStr; // suppress unused variable warning
      return err;
  }
  #endif // CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS
  }
  
  
  
  //! \cond DOXYGEN_DETAIL
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS)
  #define __GET_DEVICE_INFO_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetDeviceInfo)
  #define __GET_PLATFORM_INFO_ERR             CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetPlatformInfo)
  #define __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetDeviceIDs)
  #define __GET_PLATFORM_IDS_ERR              CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetPlatformIDs)
  #define __GET_CONTEXT_INFO_ERR              CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetContextInfo)
  #define __GET_EVENT_INFO_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetEventInfo)
  #define __GET_EVENT_PROFILE_INFO_ERR        CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetEventProfileInfo)
  #define __GET_MEM_OBJECT_INFO_ERR           CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetMemObjectInfo)
  #define __GET_IMAGE_INFO_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetImageInfo)
  #define __GET_SAMPLER_INFO_ERR              CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetSamplerInfo)
  #define __GET_KERNEL_INFO_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetKernelInfo)
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __GET_KERNEL_ARG_INFO_ERR           CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetKernelArgInfo)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __GET_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_INFO_ERR    CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo)
  #define __GET_PROGRAM_INFO_ERR              CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetProgramInfo)
  #define __GET_PROGRAM_BUILD_INFO_ERR        CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetProgramBuildInfo)
  #define __GET_COMMAND_QUEUE_INFO_ERR        CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetCommandQueueInfo)
  
  #define __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateContext)
  #define __CREATE_CONTEXT_FROM_TYPE_ERR      CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateContextFromType)
  #define __GET_SUPPORTED_IMAGE_FORMATS_ERR   CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetSupportedImageFormats)
  
  #define __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR                 CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateBuffer)
  #define __COPY_ERR                          CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(cl::copy)
  #define __CREATE_SUBBUFFER_ERR              CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateSubBuffer)
  #define __CREATE_GL_BUFFER_ERR              CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateFromGLBuffer)
  #define __CREATE_GL_RENDER_BUFFER_ERR       CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateFromGLBuffer)
  #define __GET_GL_OBJECT_INFO_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetGLObjectInfo)
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR                  CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateImage)
  #define __CREATE_GL_TEXTURE_ERR             CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateFromGLTexture)
  #define __IMAGE_DIMENSION_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(Incorrect image dimensions)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __SET_MEM_OBJECT_DESTRUCTOR_CALLBACK_ERR CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clSetMemObjectDestructorCallback)
  
  #define __CREATE_USER_EVENT_ERR             CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateUserEvent)
  #define __SET_USER_EVENT_STATUS_ERR         CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clSetUserEventStatus)
  #define __SET_EVENT_CALLBACK_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clSetEventCallback)
  #define __WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clWaitForEvents)
  
  #define __CREATE_KERNEL_ERR                 CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateKernel)
  #define __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clSetKernelArg)
  #define __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_SOURCE_ERR    CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateProgramWithSource)
  #define __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BINARY_ERR    CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateProgramWithBinary)
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BUILT_IN_KERNELS_ERR    CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateProgramWithBuiltInKernels)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __BUILD_PROGRAM_ERR                 CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clBuildProgram)
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __COMPILE_PROGRAM_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCompileProgram)
  #define __LINK_PROGRAM_ERR                  CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clLinkProgram)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __CREATE_KERNELS_IN_PROGRAM_ERR     CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateKernelsInProgram)
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #define __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR          CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties)
  #define __CREATE_SAMPLER_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateSamplerWithProperties)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #define __SET_COMMAND_QUEUE_PROPERTY_ERR    CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clSetCommandQueueProperty)
  #define __ENQUEUE_READ_BUFFER_ERR           CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueReadBuffer)
  #define __ENQUEUE_READ_BUFFER_RECT_ERR      CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueReadBufferRect)
  #define __ENQUEUE_WRITE_BUFFER_ERR          CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueWriteBuffer)
  #define __ENQUEUE_WRITE_BUFFER_RECT_ERR     CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueWriteBufferRect)
  #define __ENQEUE_COPY_BUFFER_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueCopyBuffer)
  #define __ENQEUE_COPY_BUFFER_RECT_ERR       CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueCopyBufferRect)
  #define __ENQUEUE_FILL_BUFFER_ERR           CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueFillBuffer)
  #define __ENQUEUE_READ_IMAGE_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueReadImage)
  #define __ENQUEUE_WRITE_IMAGE_ERR           CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueWriteImage)
  #define __ENQUEUE_COPY_IMAGE_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueCopyImage)
  #define __ENQUEUE_FILL_IMAGE_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueFillImage)
  #define __ENQUEUE_COPY_IMAGE_TO_BUFFER_ERR  CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueCopyImageToBuffer)
  #define __ENQUEUE_COPY_BUFFER_TO_IMAGE_ERR  CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueCopyBufferToImage)
  #define __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueMapBuffer)
  #define __ENQUEUE_MAP_IMAGE_ERR             CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueMapImage)
  #define __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR      CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueUnMapMemObject)
  #define __ENQUEUE_NDRANGE_KERNEL_ERR        CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueNDRangeKernel)
  #define __ENQUEUE_NATIVE_KERNEL             CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueNativeKernel)
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __ENQUEUE_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECTS_ERR   CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueMigrateMemObjects)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  #define __ENQUEUE_ACQUIRE_GL_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueAcquireGLObjects)
  #define __ENQUEUE_RELEASE_GL_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueReleaseGLObjects)
  
  #define __CREATE_PIPE_ERR             CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreatePipe)
  #define __GET_PIPE_INFO_ERR           CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clGetPipeInfo)
  
  
  #define __RETAIN_ERR                        CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(Retain Object)
  #define __RELEASE_ERR                       CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(Release Object)
  #define __FLUSH_ERR                         CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clFlush)
  #define __FINISH_ERR                        CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clFinish)
  #define __VECTOR_CAPACITY_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(Vector capacity error)
  
  /**
   * CL 1.2 version that uses device fission.
   */
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateSubDevices)
  #else
  #define __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR            CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateSubDevicesEXT)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  /**
   * Deprecated APIs for 1.2
   */
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  #define __ENQUEUE_MARKER_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueMarker)
  #define __ENQUEUE_WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR       CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueWaitForEvents)
  #define __ENQUEUE_BARRIER_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueBarrier)
  #define __UNLOAD_COMPILER_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clUnloadCompiler)
  #define __CREATE_GL_TEXTURE_2D_ERR          CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateFromGLTexture2D)
  #define __CREATE_GL_TEXTURE_3D_ERR          CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateFromGLTexture3D)
  #define __CREATE_IMAGE2D_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateImage2D)
  #define __CREATE_IMAGE3D_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateImage3D)
  #endif // #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  
  /**
   * Deprecated APIs for 2.0
   */
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_2_APIS)
  #define __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR          CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateCommandQueue)
  #define __ENQUEUE_TASK_ERR                  CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueTask)
  #define __CREATE_SAMPLER_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clCreateSampler)
  #endif // #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  
  /**
   * CL 1.2 marker and barrier commands
   */
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #define __ENQUEUE_MARKER_WAIT_LIST_ERR                CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueMarkerWithWaitList)
  #define __ENQUEUE_BARRIER_WAIT_LIST_ERR               CL_HPP_ERR_STR_(clEnqueueBarrierWithWaitList)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  #endif // CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS
  //! \endcond
  
  
  namespace detail {
  
  // Generic getInfoHelper. The final parameter is used to guide overload
  // resolution: the actual parameter passed is an int, which makes this
  // a worse conversion sequence than a specialization that declares the
  // parameter as an int.
  template<typename Functor, typename T>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Functor f, cl_uint name, T* param, long)
  {
      return f(name, sizeof(T), param, NULL);
  }
  
  // Specialized for getInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES>
  // Assumes that the output vector was correctly resized on the way in
  template <typename Func>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func f, cl_uint name, vector<vector<unsigned char>>* param, int)
  {
      if (name != CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES) {
          return CL_INVALID_VALUE;
      }
      if (param) {
          // Create array of pointers, calculate total size and pass pointer array in
          size_type numBinaries = param->size();
          vector<unsigned char*> binariesPointers(numBinaries);
  
          for (size_type i = 0; i < numBinaries; ++i)
          {
              binariesPointers[i] = (*param)[i].data();
          }
  
          cl_int err = f(name, numBinaries * sizeof(unsigned char*), binariesPointers.data(), NULL);
  
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return err;
          }
      }
  
  
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Specialized getInfoHelper for vector params
  template <typename Func, typename T>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func f, cl_uint name, vector<T>* param, long)
  {
      size_type required;
      cl_int err = f(name, 0, NULL, &required);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
      const size_type elements = required / sizeof(T);
  
      // Temporary to avoid changing param on an error
      vector<T> localData(elements);
      err = f(name, required, localData.data(), NULL);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
      if (param) {
          *param = std::move(localData);
      }
  
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  /* Specialization for reference-counted types. This depends on the
   * existence of Wrapper<T>::cl_type, and none of the other types having the
   * cl_type member. Note that simplify specifying the parameter as Wrapper<T>
   * does not work, because when using a derived type (e.g. Context) the generic
   * template will provide a better match.
   */
  template <typename Func, typename T>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(
      Func f, cl_uint name, vector<T>* param, int, typename T::cl_type = 0)
  {
      size_type required;
      cl_int err = f(name, 0, NULL, &required);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
  
      const size_type elements = required / sizeof(typename T::cl_type);
  
      vector<typename T::cl_type> value(elements);
      err = f(name, required, value.data(), NULL);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
  
      if (param) {
          // Assign to convert CL type to T for each element
          param->resize(elements);
  
          // Assign to param, constructing with retain behaviour
          // to correctly capture each underlying CL object
          for (size_type i = 0; i < elements; i++) {
              (*param)[i] = T(value[i], true);
          }
      }
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Specialized GetInfoHelper for string params
  template <typename Func>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func f, cl_uint name, string* param, long)
  {
      size_type required;
      cl_int err = f(name, 0, NULL, &required);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
  
      // std::string has a constant data member
      // a char vector does not
      if (required > 0) {
          vector<char> value(required);
          err = f(name, required, value.data(), NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return err;
          }
          if (param) {
              param->assign(begin(value), prev(end(value)));
          }
      }
      else if (param) {
          param->assign("");
      }
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Specialized GetInfoHelper for clsize_t params
  template <typename Func, size_type N>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func f, cl_uint name, array<size_type, N>* param, long)
  {
      size_type required;
      cl_int err = f(name, 0, NULL, &required);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
  
      size_type elements = required / sizeof(size_type);
      vector<size_type> value(elements, 0);
  
      err = f(name, required, value.data(), NULL);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
      
      // Bound the copy with N to prevent overruns
      // if passed N > than the amount copied
      if (elements > N) {
          elements = N;
      }
      for (size_type i = 0; i < elements; ++i) {
          (*param)[i] = value[i];
      }
  
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  template<typename T> struct ReferenceHandler;
  
  /* Specialization for reference-counted types. This depends on the
   * existence of Wrapper<T>::cl_type, and none of the other types having the
   * cl_type member. Note that simplify specifying the parameter as Wrapper<T>
   * does not work, because when using a derived type (e.g. Context) the generic
   * template will provide a better match.
   */
  template<typename Func, typename T>
  inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func f, cl_uint name, T* param, int, typename T::cl_type = 0)
  {
      typename T::cl_type value;
      cl_int err = f(name, sizeof(value), &value, NULL);
      if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return err;
      }
      *param = value;
      if (value != NULL)
      {
          err = param->retain();
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return err;
          }
      }
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_0_(F) \
      F(cl_platform_info, CL_PLATFORM_PROFILE, string) \
      F(cl_platform_info, CL_PLATFORM_VERSION, string) \
      F(cl_platform_info, CL_PLATFORM_NAME, string) \
      F(cl_platform_info, CL_PLATFORM_VENDOR, string) \
      F(cl_platform_info, CL_PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS, string) \
      \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_TYPE, cl_device_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_VENDOR_ID, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_ITEM_DIMENSIONS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_ITEM_SIZES, cl::vector<size_type>) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_CHAR, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_SHORT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_INT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_LONG, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_FLOAT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_DOUBLE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_CLOCK_FREQUENCY, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BITS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_READ_IMAGE_ARGS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_WRITE_IMAGE_ARGS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_MEM_ALLOC_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE2D_MAX_WIDTH, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE2D_MAX_HEIGHT, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE3D_MAX_WIDTH, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE3D_MAX_HEIGHT, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE3D_MAX_DEPTH, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_IMAGE_SUPPORT, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_PARAMETER_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_SAMPLERS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MEM_BASE_ADDR_ALIGN, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MIN_DATA_TYPE_ALIGN_SIZE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_SINGLE_FP_CONFIG, cl_device_fp_config) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_DOUBLE_FP_CONFIG, cl_device_fp_config) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_HALF_FP_CONFIG, cl_device_fp_config) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CACHE_TYPE, cl_device_mem_cache_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CACHELINE_SIZE, cl_uint)\
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CACHE_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_CONSTANT_BUFFER_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_CONSTANT_ARGS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_TYPE, cl_device_local_mem_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_ERROR_CORRECTION_SUPPORT, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PROFILING_TIMER_RESOLUTION, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_AVAILABLE, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_COMPILER_AVAILABLE, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_EXECUTION_CAPABILITIES, cl_device_exec_capabilities) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PLATFORM, cl_platform_id) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NAME, string) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_VENDOR, string) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DRIVER_VERSION, string) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PROFILE, string) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_VERSION, string) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS, string) \
      \
      F(cl_context_info, CL_CONTEXT_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_context_info, CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES, cl::vector<Device>) \
      F(cl_context_info, CL_CONTEXT_PROPERTIES, cl::vector<cl_context_properties>) \
      \
      F(cl_event_info, CL_EVENT_COMMAND_QUEUE, cl::CommandQueue) \
      F(cl_event_info, CL_EVENT_COMMAND_TYPE, cl_command_type) \
      F(cl_event_info, CL_EVENT_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_event_info, CL_EVENT_COMMAND_EXECUTION_STATUS, cl_int) \
      \
      F(cl_profiling_info, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_QUEUED, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_profiling_info, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_SUBMIT, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_profiling_info, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_START, cl_ulong) \
      F(cl_profiling_info, CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_END, cl_ulong) \
      \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_TYPE, cl_mem_object_type) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_FLAGS, cl_mem_flags) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_HOST_PTR, void*) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_MAP_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_CONTEXT, cl::Context) \
      \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_FORMAT, cl_image_format) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_ELEMENT_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_ROW_PITCH, size_type) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_SLICE_PITCH, size_type) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_WIDTH, size_type) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_HEIGHT, size_type) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_DEPTH, size_type) \
      \
      F(cl_sampler_info, CL_SAMPLER_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_sampler_info, CL_SAMPLER_CONTEXT, cl::Context) \
      F(cl_sampler_info, CL_SAMPLER_NORMALIZED_COORDS, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_sampler_info, CL_SAMPLER_ADDRESSING_MODE, cl_addressing_mode) \
      F(cl_sampler_info, CL_SAMPLER_FILTER_MODE, cl_filter_mode) \
      \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_CONTEXT, cl::Context) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_NUM_DEVICES, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_DEVICES, cl::vector<Device>) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_SOURCE, string) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_BINARY_SIZES, cl::vector<size_type>) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES, cl::vector<cl::vector<unsigned char>>) \
      \
      F(cl_program_build_info, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_STATUS, cl_build_status) \
      F(cl_program_build_info, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_OPTIONS, string) \
      F(cl_program_build_info, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG, string) \
      \
      F(cl_kernel_info, CL_KERNEL_FUNCTION_NAME, string) \
      F(cl_kernel_info, CL_KERNEL_NUM_ARGS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_kernel_info, CL_KERNEL_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_kernel_info, CL_KERNEL_CONTEXT, cl::Context) \
      F(cl_kernel_info, CL_KERNEL_PROGRAM, cl::Program) \
      \
      F(cl_kernel_work_group_info, CL_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_kernel_work_group_info, CL_KERNEL_COMPILE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, cl::detail::size_t_array) \
      F(cl_kernel_work_group_info, CL_KERNEL_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      \
      F(cl_command_queue_info, CL_QUEUE_CONTEXT, cl::Context) \
      F(cl_command_queue_info, CL_QUEUE_DEVICE, cl::Device) \
      F(cl_command_queue_info, CL_QUEUE_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_command_queue_info, CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, cl_command_queue_properties)
  
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_1_(F) \
      F(cl_context_info, CL_CONTEXT_NUM_DEVICES, cl_uint)\
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_HALF, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_CHAR, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_SHORT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_INT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_LONG, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_FLOAT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_DOUBLE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_HALF, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_OPENCL_C_VERSION, string) \
      \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_ASSOCIATED_MEMOBJECT, cl::Memory) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_OFFSET, size_type) \
      \
      F(cl_kernel_work_group_info, CL_KERNEL_PREFERRED_WORK_GROUP_SIZE_MULTIPLE, size_type) \
      F(cl_kernel_work_group_info, CL_KERNEL_PRIVATE_MEM_SIZE, cl_ulong) \
      \
      F(cl_event_info, CL_EVENT_CONTEXT, cl::Context)
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_2_(F) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_NUM_KERNELS, size_type) \
      F(cl_program_info, CL_PROGRAM_KERNEL_NAMES, string) \
      \
      F(cl_program_build_info, CL_PROGRAM_BINARY_TYPE, cl_program_binary_type) \
      \
      F(cl_kernel_info, CL_KERNEL_ATTRIBUTES, string) \
      \
      F(cl_kernel_arg_info, CL_KERNEL_ARG_ADDRESS_QUALIFIER, cl_kernel_arg_address_qualifier) \
      F(cl_kernel_arg_info, CL_KERNEL_ARG_ACCESS_QUALIFIER, cl_kernel_arg_access_qualifier) \
      F(cl_kernel_arg_info, CL_KERNEL_ARG_TYPE_NAME, string) \
      F(cl_kernel_arg_info, CL_KERNEL_ARG_NAME, string) \
      F(cl_kernel_arg_info, CL_KERNEL_ARG_TYPE_QUALIFIER, cl_kernel_arg_type_qualifier) \
      \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARENT_DEVICE, cl::Device) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_PROPERTIES, cl::vector<cl_device_partition_property>) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_TYPE, cl::vector<cl_device_partition_property>)  \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_REFERENCE_COUNT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_INTEROP_USER_SYNC, size_type) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_AFFINITY_DOMAIN, cl_device_affinity_domain) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_BUILT_IN_KERNELS, string) \
      \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_ARRAY_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_NUM_MIP_LEVELS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_NUM_SAMPLES, cl_uint)
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_2_0_(F) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_QUEUE_ON_HOST_PROPERTIES, cl_command_queue_properties) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE_PROPERTIES, cl_command_queue_properties) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE_PREFERRED_SIZE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE_MAX_SIZE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_ON_DEVICE_QUEUES, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_ON_DEVICE_EVENTS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_MAX_PIPE_ARGS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PIPE_MAX_ACTIVE_RESERVATIONS, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PIPE_MAX_PACKET_SIZE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_SVM_CAPABILITIES, cl_device_svm_capabilities) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_PLATFORM_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_GLOBAL_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_LOCAL_ATOMIC_ALIGNMENT, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_command_queue_info, CL_QUEUE_SIZE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_mem_info, CL_MEM_USES_SVM_POINTER, cl_bool) \
      F(cl_program_build_info, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_TOTAL_SIZE, size_type) \
      F(cl_pipe_info, CL_PIPE_PACKET_SIZE, cl_uint) \
      F(cl_pipe_info, CL_PIPE_MAX_PACKETS, cl_uint)
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_DEVICE_FISSION_(F) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARENT_DEVICE_EXT, cl_device_id) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_TYPES_EXT, cl::vector<cl_device_partition_property_ext>) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_AFFINITY_DOMAINS_EXT, cl::vector<cl_device_partition_property_ext>) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_REFERENCE_COUNT_EXT , cl_uint) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_STYLE_EXT, cl::vector<cl_device_partition_property_ext>)
  
  template <typename enum_type, cl_int Name>
  struct param_traits {};
  
  #define CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(token, param_name, T) \
  struct token;                                        \
  template<>                                           \
  struct param_traits<detail:: token,param_name>       \
  {                                                    \
      enum { value = param_name };                     \
      typedef T param_type;                            \
  };
  
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_0_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_1_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_2_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_2_0_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  
  
  // Flags deprecated in OpenCL 2.0
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_0_DEPRECATED_IN_2_0_(F) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, cl_command_queue_properties)
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_1_DEPRECATED_IN_2_0_(F) \
      F(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_HOST_UNIFIED_MEMORY, cl_bool)
  
  #define CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_2_DEPRECATED_IN_2_0_(F) \
      F(cl_image_info, CL_IMAGE_BUFFER, cl::Buffer)
  
  // Include deprecated query flags based on versions
  // Only include deprecated 1.0 flags if 2.0 not active as there is an enum clash
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION > 100 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200 && CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_0_DEPRECATED_IN_2_0_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 110
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION > 110 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_1_DEPRECATED_IN_2_0_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION > 120 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_INFO_1_2_DEPRECATED_IN_2_0_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_)
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION)
  CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_DEVICE_FISSION_(CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_);
  #endif // CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION
  
  #ifdef CL_PLATFORM_ICD_SUFFIX_KHR
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_platform_info, CL_PLATFORM_ICD_SUFFIX_KHR, string)
  #endif
  
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_PROFILING_TIMER_OFFSET_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_PROFILING_TIMER_OFFSET_AMD, cl_ulong)
  #endif
  
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_FREE_MEMORY_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_FREE_MEMORY_AMD, vector<size_type>)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_SIMD_PER_COMPUTE_UNIT_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_SIMD_PER_COMPUTE_UNIT_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_SIMD_WIDTH_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_SIMD_WIDTH_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_SIMD_INSTRUCTION_WIDTH_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_SIMD_INSTRUCTION_WIDTH_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_WAVEFRONT_WIDTH_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_WAVEFRONT_WIDTH_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CHANNELS_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CHANNELS_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CHANNEL_BANKS_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CHANNEL_BANKS_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CHANNEL_BANK_WIDTH_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CHANNEL_BANK_WIDTH_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE_PER_COMPUTE_UNIT_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE_PER_COMPUTE_UNIT_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_BANKS_AMD
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_BANKS_AMD, cl_uint)
  #endif
  
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MAJOR_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MAJOR_NV, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MINOR_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MINOR_NV, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_REGISTERS_PER_BLOCK_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_REGISTERS_PER_BLOCK_NV, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_WARP_SIZE_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_WARP_SIZE_NV, cl_uint)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_GPU_OVERLAP_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_GPU_OVERLAP_NV, cl_bool)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_KERNEL_EXEC_TIMEOUT_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_KERNEL_EXEC_TIMEOUT_NV, cl_bool)
  #endif
  #ifdef CL_DEVICE_INTEGRATED_MEMORY_NV
  CL_HPP_DECLARE_PARAM_TRAITS_(cl_device_info, CL_DEVICE_INTEGRATED_MEMORY_NV, cl_bool)
  #endif
  
  // Convenience functions
  
  template <typename Func, typename T>
  inline cl_int
  getInfo(Func f, cl_uint name, T* param)
  {
      return getInfoHelper(f, name, param, 0);
  }
  
  template <typename Func, typename Arg0>
  struct GetInfoFunctor0
  {
      Func f_; const Arg0& arg0_;
      cl_int operator ()(
          cl_uint param, size_type size, void* value, size_type* size_ret)
      { return f_(arg0_, param, size, value, size_ret); }
  };
  
  template <typename Func, typename Arg0, typename Arg1>
  struct GetInfoFunctor1
  {
      Func f_; const Arg0& arg0_; const Arg1& arg1_;
      cl_int operator ()(
          cl_uint param, size_type size, void* value, size_type* size_ret)
      { return f_(arg0_, arg1_, param, size, value, size_ret); }
  };
  
  template <typename Func, typename Arg0, typename T>
  inline cl_int
  getInfo(Func f, const Arg0& arg0, cl_uint name, T* param)
  {
      GetInfoFunctor0<Func, Arg0> f0 = { f, arg0 };
      return getInfoHelper(f0, name, param, 0);
  }
  
  template <typename Func, typename Arg0, typename Arg1, typename T>
  inline cl_int
  getInfo(Func f, const Arg0& arg0, const Arg1& arg1, cl_uint name, T* param)
  {
      GetInfoFunctor1<Func, Arg0, Arg1> f0 = { f, arg0, arg1 };
      return getInfoHelper(f0, name, param, 0);
  }
  
  
  template<typename T>
  struct ReferenceHandler
  { };
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  /**
   * OpenCL 1.2 devices do have retain/release.
   */
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_device_id>
  {
      /**
       * Retain the device.
       * \param device A valid device created using createSubDevices
       * \return 
       *   CL_SUCCESS if the function executed successfully.
       *   CL_INVALID_DEVICE if device was not a valid subdevice
       *   CL_OUT_OF_RESOURCES
       *   CL_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY
       */
      static cl_int retain(cl_device_id device)
      { return ::clRetainDevice(device); }
      /**
       * Retain the device.
       * \param device A valid device created using createSubDevices
       * \return 
       *   CL_SUCCESS if the function executed successfully.
       *   CL_INVALID_DEVICE if device was not a valid subdevice
       *   CL_OUT_OF_RESOURCES
       *   CL_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY
       */
      static cl_int release(cl_device_id device)
      { return ::clReleaseDevice(device); }
  };
  #else // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  /**
   * OpenCL 1.1 devices do not have retain/release.
   */
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_device_id>
  {
      // cl_device_id does not have retain().
      static cl_int retain(cl_device_id)
      { return CL_SUCCESS; }
      // cl_device_id does not have release().
      static cl_int release(cl_device_id)
      { return CL_SUCCESS; }
  };
  #endif // ! (CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120)
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_platform_id>
  {
      // cl_platform_id does not have retain().
      static cl_int retain(cl_platform_id)
      { return CL_SUCCESS; }
      // cl_platform_id does not have release().
      static cl_int release(cl_platform_id)
      { return CL_SUCCESS; }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_context>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_context context)
      { return ::clRetainContext(context); }
      static cl_int release(cl_context context)
      { return ::clReleaseContext(context); }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_command_queue>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_command_queue queue)
      { return ::clRetainCommandQueue(queue); }
      static cl_int release(cl_command_queue queue)
      { return ::clReleaseCommandQueue(queue); }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_mem>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_mem memory)
      { return ::clRetainMemObject(memory); }
      static cl_int release(cl_mem memory)
      { return ::clReleaseMemObject(memory); }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_sampler>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_sampler sampler)
      { return ::clRetainSampler(sampler); }
      static cl_int release(cl_sampler sampler)
      { return ::clReleaseSampler(sampler); }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_program>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_program program)
      { return ::clRetainProgram(program); }
      static cl_int release(cl_program program)
      { return ::clReleaseProgram(program); }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_kernel>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_kernel kernel)
      { return ::clRetainKernel(kernel); }
      static cl_int release(cl_kernel kernel)
      { return ::clReleaseKernel(kernel); }
  };
  
  template <>
  struct ReferenceHandler<cl_event>
  {
      static cl_int retain(cl_event event)
      { return ::clRetainEvent(event); }
      static cl_int release(cl_event event)
      { return ::clReleaseEvent(event); }
  };
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
  // Extracts version number with major in the upper 16 bits, minor in the lower 16
  static cl_uint getVersion(const vector<char> &versionInfo)
  {
      int highVersion = 0;
      int lowVersion = 0;
      int index = 7;
      while(versionInfo[index] != '.' ) {
          highVersion *= 10;
          highVersion += versionInfo[index]-'0';
          ++index;
      }
      ++index;
      while(versionInfo[index] != ' ' &&  versionInfo[index] != '\0') {
          lowVersion *= 10;
          lowVersion += versionInfo[index]-'0';
          ++index;
      }
      return (highVersion << 16) | lowVersion;
  }
  
  static cl_uint getPlatformVersion(cl_platform_id platform)
  {
      size_type size = 0;
      clGetPlatformInfo(platform, CL_PLATFORM_VERSION, 0, NULL, &size);
  
      vector<char> versionInfo(size);
      clGetPlatformInfo(platform, CL_PLATFORM_VERSION, size, versionInfo.data(), &size);
      return getVersion(versionInfo);
  }
  
  static cl_uint getDevicePlatformVersion(cl_device_id device)
  {
      cl_platform_id platform;
      clGetDeviceInfo(device, CL_DEVICE_PLATFORM, sizeof(platform), &platform, NULL);
      return getPlatformVersion(platform);
  }
  
  static cl_uint getContextPlatformVersion(cl_context context)
  {
      // The platform cannot be queried directly, so we first have to grab a
      // device and obtain its context
      size_type size = 0;
      clGetContextInfo(context, CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES, 0, NULL, &size);
      if (size == 0)
          return 0;
      vector<cl_device_id> devices(size/sizeof(cl_device_id));
      clGetContextInfo(context, CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES, size, devices.data(), NULL);
      return getDevicePlatformVersion(devices[0]);
  }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
  
  template <typename T>
  class Wrapper
  {
  public:
      typedef T cl_type;
  
  protected:
      cl_type object_;
  
  public:
      Wrapper() : object_(NULL) { }
      
      Wrapper(const cl_type &obj, bool retainObject) : object_(obj) 
      {
          if (retainObject) { 
              detail::errHandler(retain(), __RETAIN_ERR); 
          }
      }
  
      ~Wrapper()
      {
          if (object_ != NULL) { release(); }
      }
  
      Wrapper(const Wrapper<cl_type>& rhs)
      {
          object_ = rhs.object_;
          detail::errHandler(retain(), __RETAIN_ERR);
      }
  
      Wrapper(Wrapper<cl_type>&& rhs) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
      {
          object_ = rhs.object_;
          rhs.object_ = NULL;
      }
  
      Wrapper<cl_type>& operator = (const Wrapper<cl_type>& rhs)
      {
          if (this != &rhs) {
              detail::errHandler(release(), __RELEASE_ERR);
              object_ = rhs.object_;
              detail::errHandler(retain(), __RETAIN_ERR);
          }
          return *this;
      }
  
      Wrapper<cl_type>& operator = (Wrapper<cl_type>&& rhs)
      {
          if (this != &rhs) {
              detail::errHandler(release(), __RELEASE_ERR);
              object_ = rhs.object_;
              rhs.object_ = NULL;
          }
          return *this;
      }
  
      Wrapper<cl_type>& operator = (const cl_type &rhs)
      {
          detail::errHandler(release(), __RELEASE_ERR);
          object_ = rhs;
          return *this;
      }
  
      const cl_type& operator ()() const { return object_; }
  
      cl_type& operator ()() { return object_; }
  
      const cl_type get() const { return object_; }
  
      cl_type get() { return object_; }
  
  
  protected:
      template<typename Func, typename U>
      friend inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func, cl_uint, U*, int, typename U::cl_type);
  
      cl_int retain() const
      {
          if (object_ != nullptr) {
              return ReferenceHandler<cl_type>::retain(object_);
          }
          else {
              return CL_SUCCESS;
          }
      }
  
      cl_int release() const
      {
          if (object_ != nullptr) {
              return ReferenceHandler<cl_type>::release(object_);
          }
          else {
              return CL_SUCCESS;
          }
      }
  };
  
  template <>
  class Wrapper<cl_device_id>
  {
  public:
      typedef cl_device_id cl_type;
  
  protected:
      cl_type object_;
      bool referenceCountable_;
  
      static bool isReferenceCountable(cl_device_id device)
      {
          bool retVal = false;
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
          if (device != NULL) {
              int version = getDevicePlatformVersion(device);
              if(version > ((1 << 16) + 1)) {
                  retVal = true;
              }
          }
  #else // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
          retVal = true;
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          return retVal;
      }
  
  public:
      Wrapper() : object_(NULL), referenceCountable_(false) 
      { 
      }
      
      Wrapper(const cl_type &obj, bool retainObject) : 
          object_(obj), 
          referenceCountable_(false) 
      {
          referenceCountable_ = isReferenceCountable(obj); 
  
          if (retainObject) {
              detail::errHandler(retain(), __RETAIN_ERR);
          }
      }
  
      ~Wrapper()
      {
          release();
      }
      
      Wrapper(const Wrapper<cl_type>& rhs)
      {
          object_ = rhs.object_;
          referenceCountable_ = isReferenceCountable(object_); 
          detail::errHandler(retain(), __RETAIN_ERR);
      }
  
      Wrapper(Wrapper<cl_type>&& rhs) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
      {
          object_ = rhs.object_;
          referenceCountable_ = rhs.referenceCountable_;
          rhs.object_ = NULL;
          rhs.referenceCountable_ = false;
      }
  
      Wrapper<cl_type>& operator = (const Wrapper<cl_type>& rhs)
      {
          if (this != &rhs) {
              detail::errHandler(release(), __RELEASE_ERR);
              object_ = rhs.object_;
              referenceCountable_ = rhs.referenceCountable_;
              detail::errHandler(retain(), __RETAIN_ERR);
          }
          return *this;
      }
  
      Wrapper<cl_type>& operator = (Wrapper<cl_type>&& rhs)
      {
          if (this != &rhs) {
              detail::errHandler(release(), __RELEASE_ERR);
              object_ = rhs.object_;
              referenceCountable_ = rhs.referenceCountable_;
              rhs.object_ = NULL;
              rhs.referenceCountable_ = false;
          }
          return *this;
      }
  
      Wrapper<cl_type>& operator = (const cl_type &rhs)
      {
          detail::errHandler(release(), __RELEASE_ERR);
          object_ = rhs;
          referenceCountable_ = isReferenceCountable(object_); 
          return *this;
      }
  
      const cl_type& operator ()() const { return object_; }
  
      cl_type& operator ()() { return object_; }
  
      cl_type get() const { return object_; }
  
  protected:
      template<typename Func, typename U>
      friend inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func, cl_uint, U*, int, typename U::cl_type);
  
      template<typename Func, typename U>
      friend inline cl_int getInfoHelper(Func, cl_uint, vector<U>*, int, typename U::cl_type);
  
      cl_int retain() const
      {
          if( object_ != nullptr && referenceCountable_ ) {
              return ReferenceHandler<cl_type>::retain(object_);
          }
          else {
              return CL_SUCCESS;
          }
      }
  
      cl_int release() const
      {
          if (object_ != nullptr && referenceCountable_) {
              return ReferenceHandler<cl_type>::release(object_);
          }
          else {
              return CL_SUCCESS;
          }
      }
  };
  
  template <typename T>
  inline bool operator==(const Wrapper<T> &lhs, const Wrapper<T> &rhs)
  {
      return lhs() == rhs();
  }
  
  template <typename T>
  inline bool operator!=(const Wrapper<T> &lhs, const Wrapper<T> &rhs)
  {
      return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
  }
  
  } // namespace detail
  //! \endcond
  
  
  using BuildLogType = vector<std::pair<cl::Device, typename detail::param_traits<detail::cl_program_build_info, CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>::param_type>>;
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  /**
  * Exception class for build errors to carry build info
  */
  class BuildError : public Error
  {
  private:
      BuildLogType buildLogs;
  public:
      BuildError(cl_int err, const char * errStr, const BuildLogType &vec) : Error(err, errStr), buildLogs(vec)
      {
      }
  
      BuildLogType getBuildLog() const
      {
          return buildLogs;
      }
  };
  namespace detail {
      static inline cl_int buildErrHandler(
          cl_int err,
          const char * errStr,
          const BuildLogType &buildLogs)
      {
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              throw BuildError(err, errStr, buildLogs);
          }
          return err;
      }
  } // namespace detail
  
  #else
  namespace detail {
      static inline cl_int buildErrHandler(
          cl_int err,
          const char * errStr,
          const BuildLogType &buildLogs)
      {
          (void)buildLogs; // suppress unused variable warning
          (void)errStr;
          return err;
      }
  } // namespace detail
  #endif // #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  
  
  /*! \stuct ImageFormat
   *  \brief Adds constructors and member functions for cl_image_format.
   *
   *  \see cl_image_format
   */
  struct ImageFormat : public cl_image_format
  {
      //! \brief Default constructor - performs no initialization.
      ImageFormat(){}
  
      //! \brief Initializing constructor.
      ImageFormat(cl_channel_order order, cl_channel_type type)
      {
          image_channel_order = order;
          image_channel_data_type = type;
      }
  
      //! \brief Assignment operator.
      ImageFormat& operator = (const ImageFormat& rhs)
      {
          if (this != &rhs) {
              this->image_channel_data_type = rhs.image_channel_data_type;
              this->image_channel_order     = rhs.image_channel_order;
          }
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_device_id.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are inexpensive, since they don't 'own'
   *        any underlying resources or data structures.
   *
   *  \see cl_device_id
   */
  class Device : public detail::Wrapper<cl_device_id>
  {
  private:
      static std::once_flag default_initialized_;
      static Device default_;
      static cl_int default_error_;
  
      /*! \brief Create the default context.
      *
      * This sets @c default_ and @c default_error_. It does not throw
      * @c cl::Error.
      */
      static void makeDefault();
  
      /*! \brief Create the default platform from a provided platform.
      *
      * This sets @c default_. It does not throw
      * @c cl::Error.
      */
      static void makeDefaultProvided(const Device &p) {
          default_ = p;
      }
  
  public:
  #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
      /*! \brief Reset the default.
      *
      * This sets @c default_ to an empty value to support cleanup in
      * the unit test framework.
      * This function is not thread safe.
      */
      static void unitTestClearDefault() {
          default_ = Device();
      }
  #endif // #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Device() : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_device_id.
       * 
       *  This simply copies the device ID value, which is an inexpensive operation.
       */
      explicit Device(const cl_device_id &device, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(device, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Returns the first device on the default context.
       *
       *  \see Context::getDefault()
       */
      static Device getDefault(
          cl_int *errResult = NULL)
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefault);
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          if (errResult != NULL) {
              *errResult = default_error_;
          }
          return default_;
      }
  
      /**
      * Modify the default device to be used by
      * subsequent operations.
      * Will only set the default if no default was previously created.
      * @return updated default device.
      *         Should be compared to the passed value to ensure that it was updated.
      */
      static Device setDefault(const Device &default_device)
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefaultProvided, std::cref(default_device));
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          return default_;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_device_id.
       * 
       *  This simply copies the device ID value, which is an inexpensive operation.
       */
      Device& operator = (const cl_device_id& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
      * Required for MSVC.
      */
      Device(const Device& dev) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(dev) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
      * Required for MSVC.
      */
      Device& operator = (const Device &dev)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(dev);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
      * Required for MSVC.
      */
      Device(Device&& dev) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(dev)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
      * Required for MSVC.
      */
      Device& operator = (Device &&dev)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(dev));
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetDeviceInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_device_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetDeviceInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_DEVICE_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetDeviceInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_device_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_device_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      /**
       * CL 1.2 version
       */
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      //! \brief Wrapper for clCreateSubDevices().
      cl_int createSubDevices(
          const cl_device_partition_property * properties,
          vector<Device>* devices)
      {
          cl_uint n = 0;
          cl_int err = clCreateSubDevices(object_, properties, 0, NULL, &n);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR);
          }
  
          vector<cl_device_id> ids(n);
          err = clCreateSubDevices(object_, properties, n, ids.data(), NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR);
          }
  
          // Cannot trivially assign because we need to capture intermediates 
          // with safe construction
          if (devices) {
              devices->resize(ids.size());
  
              // Assign to param, constructing with retain behaviour
              // to correctly capture each underlying CL object
              for (size_type i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
                  // We do not need to retain because this device is being created 
                  // by the runtime
                  (*devices)[i] = Device(ids[i], false);
              }
          }
  
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  #elif defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION)
  
  /**
   * CL 1.1 version that uses device fission extension.
   */
      cl_int createSubDevices(
          const cl_device_partition_property_ext * properties,
          vector<Device>* devices)
      {
          typedef CL_API_ENTRY cl_int 
              ( CL_API_CALL * PFN_clCreateSubDevicesEXT)(
                  cl_device_id /*in_device*/,
                  const cl_device_partition_property_ext * /* properties */,
                  cl_uint /*num_entries*/,
                  cl_device_id * /*out_devices*/,
                  cl_uint * /*num_devices*/ ) CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1;
  
          static PFN_clCreateSubDevicesEXT pfn_clCreateSubDevicesEXT = NULL;
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_(clCreateSubDevicesEXT);
  
          cl_uint n = 0;
          cl_int err = pfn_clCreateSubDevicesEXT(object_, properties, 0, NULL, &n);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR);
          }
  
          vector<cl_device_id> ids(n);
          err = pfn_clCreateSubDevicesEXT(object_, properties, n, ids.data(), NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR);
          }
          // Cannot trivially assign because we need to capture intermediates 
          // with safe construction
          if (devices) {
              devices->resize(ids.size());
  
              // Assign to param, constructing with retain behaviour
              // to correctly capture each underlying CL object
              for (size_type i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
                  // We do not need to retain because this device is being created 
                  // by the runtime
                  (*devices)[i] = Device(ids[i], false);
              }
          }
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  #endif // defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION)
  };
  
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ std::once_flag Device::default_initialized_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ Device Device::default_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ cl_int Device::default_error_ = CL_SUCCESS;
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_platform_id.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are inexpensive, since they don't 'own'
   *        any underlying resources or data structures.
   *
   *  \see cl_platform_id
   */
  class Platform : public detail::Wrapper<cl_platform_id>
  {
  private:
      static std::once_flag default_initialized_;
      static Platform default_;
      static cl_int default_error_;
  
      /*! \brief Create the default context.
      *
      * This sets @c default_ and @c default_error_. It does not throw
      * @c cl::Error.
      */
      static void makeDefault() {
          /* Throwing an exception from a call_once invocation does not do
          * what we wish, so we catch it and save the error.
          */
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          try
  #endif
          {
              // If default wasn't passed ,generate one
              // Otherwise set it
              cl_uint n = 0;
  
              cl_int err = ::clGetPlatformIDs(0, NULL, &n);
              if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  default_error_ = err;
                  return;
              }
              if (n == 0) {
                  default_error_ = CL_INVALID_PLATFORM;
                  return;
              }
  
              vector<cl_platform_id> ids(n);
              err = ::clGetPlatformIDs(n, ids.data(), NULL);
              if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  default_error_ = err;
                  return;
              }
  
              default_ = Platform(ids[0]);
          }
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          catch (cl::Error &e) {
              default_error_ = e.err();
          }
  #endif
      }
  
      /*! \brief Create the default platform from a provided platform.
       *
       * This sets @c default_. It does not throw
       * @c cl::Error.
       */
      static void makeDefaultProvided(const Platform &p) {
         default_ = p;
      }
      
  public:
  #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
      /*! \brief Reset the default.
      *
      * This sets @c default_ to an empty value to support cleanup in
      * the unit test framework.
      * This function is not thread safe.
      */
      static void unitTestClearDefault() {
          default_ = Platform();
      }
  #endif // #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Platform() : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>()  { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_platform_id.
       * 
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  This simply copies the platform ID value, which is an inexpensive operation.
       */
      explicit Platform(const cl_platform_id &platform, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(platform, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_platform_id.
       * 
       *  This simply copies the platform ID value, which is an inexpensive operation.
       */
      Platform& operator = (const cl_platform_id& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      static Platform getDefault(
          cl_int *errResult = NULL)
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefault);
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          if (errResult != NULL) {
              *errResult = default_error_;
          }
          return default_;
      }
  
      /**
       * Modify the default platform to be used by 
       * subsequent operations.
       * Will only set the default if no default was previously created.
       * @return updated default platform. 
       *         Should be compared to the passed value to ensure that it was updated.
       */
      static Platform setDefault(const Platform &default_platform)
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefaultProvided, std::cref(default_platform));
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          return default_;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetPlatformInfo().
      cl_int getInfo(cl_platform_info name, string* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetPlatformInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_PLATFORM_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetPlatformInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_platform_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_platform_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Gets a list of devices for this platform.
       * 
       *  Wraps clGetDeviceIDs().
       */
      cl_int getDevices(
          cl_device_type type,
          vector<Device>* devices) const
      {
          cl_uint n = 0;
          if( devices == NULL ) {
              return detail::errHandler(CL_INVALID_ARG_VALUE, __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR);
          }
          cl_int err = ::clGetDeviceIDs(object_, type, 0, NULL, &n);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          vector<cl_device_id> ids(n);
          err = ::clGetDeviceIDs(object_, type, n, ids.data(), NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          // Cannot trivially assign because we need to capture intermediates 
          // with safe construction
          // We must retain things we obtain from the API to avoid releasing
          // API-owned objects.
          if (devices) {
              devices->resize(ids.size());
  
              // Assign to param, constructing with retain behaviour
              // to correctly capture each underlying CL object
              for (size_type i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
                  (*devices)[i] = Device(ids[i], true);
              }
          }
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP)
     /*! \brief Get the list of available D3D10 devices.
       *
       *  \param d3d_device_source.
       *
       *  \param d3d_object.
       *
       *  \param d3d_device_set.
       *
       *  \param devices returns a vector of OpenCL D3D10 devices found. The cl::Device
       *  values returned in devices can be used to identify a specific OpenCL
       *  device. If \a devices argument is NULL, this argument is ignored.
       *
       *  \return One of the following values:
       *    - CL_SUCCESS if the function is executed successfully.
       *
       *  The application can query specific capabilities of the OpenCL device(s)
       *  returned by cl::getDevices. This can be used by the application to
       *  determine which device(s) to use.
       *
       * \note In the case that exceptions are enabled and a return value
       * other than CL_SUCCESS is generated, then cl::Error exception is
       * generated.
       */
      cl_int getDevices(
          cl_d3d10_device_source_khr d3d_device_source,
          void *                     d3d_object,
          cl_d3d10_device_set_khr    d3d_device_set,
          vector<Device>* devices) const
      {
          typedef CL_API_ENTRY cl_int (CL_API_CALL *PFN_clGetDeviceIDsFromD3D10KHR)(
              cl_platform_id platform, 
              cl_d3d10_device_source_khr d3d_device_source, 
              void * d3d_object,
              cl_d3d10_device_set_khr d3d_device_set,
              cl_uint num_entries,
              cl_device_id * devices,
              cl_uint* num_devices);
  
          if( devices == NULL ) {
              return detail::errHandler(CL_INVALID_ARG_VALUE, __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          static PFN_clGetDeviceIDsFromD3D10KHR pfn_clGetDeviceIDsFromD3D10KHR = NULL;
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_PLATFORM_(object_, clGetDeviceIDsFromD3D10KHR);
  
          cl_uint n = 0;
          cl_int err = pfn_clGetDeviceIDsFromD3D10KHR(
              object_, 
              d3d_device_source, 
              d3d_object,
              d3d_device_set, 
              0, 
              NULL, 
              &n);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          vector<cl_device_id> ids(n);
          err = pfn_clGetDeviceIDsFromD3D10KHR(
              object_, 
              d3d_device_source, 
              d3d_object,
              d3d_device_set,
              n, 
              ids.data(), 
              NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          // Cannot trivially assign because we need to capture intermediates 
          // with safe construction
          // We must retain things we obtain from the API to avoid releasing
          // API-owned objects.
          if (devices) {
              devices->resize(ids.size());
  
              // Assign to param, constructing with retain behaviour
              // to correctly capture each underlying CL object
              for (size_type i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
                  (*devices)[i] = Device(ids[i], true);
              }
          }
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  #endif
  
      /*! \brief Gets a list of available platforms.
       * 
       *  Wraps clGetPlatformIDs().
       */
      static cl_int get(
          vector<Platform>* platforms)
      {
          cl_uint n = 0;
  
          if( platforms == NULL ) {
              return detail::errHandler(CL_INVALID_ARG_VALUE, __GET_PLATFORM_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          cl_int err = ::clGetPlatformIDs(0, NULL, &n);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_PLATFORM_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          vector<cl_platform_id> ids(n);
          err = ::clGetPlatformIDs(n, ids.data(), NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_PLATFORM_IDS_ERR);
          }
  
          if (platforms) {
              platforms->resize(ids.size());
  
              // Platforms don't reference count
              for (size_type i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
                  (*platforms)[i] = Platform(ids[i]);
              }
          }
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Gets the first available platform.
       * 
       *  Wraps clGetPlatformIDs(), returning the first result.
       */
      static cl_int get(
          Platform * platform)
      {
          cl_int err;
          Platform default_platform = Platform::getDefault(&err);
          if (platform) {
              *platform = default_platform;
          }
          return err;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Gets the first available platform, returning it by value.
       *
       * \return Returns a valid platform if one is available.
       *         If no platform is available will return a null platform.
       * Throws an exception if no platforms are available
       * or an error condition occurs.
       * Wraps clGetPlatformIDs(), returning the first result.
       */
      static Platform get(
          cl_int * errResult = NULL)
      {
          cl_int err;
          Platform default_platform = Platform::getDefault(&err);
          if (errResult) {
              *errResult = err;
          }
          return default_platform;
      }    
      
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      //! \brief Wrapper for clUnloadCompiler().
      cl_int
      unloadCompiler()
      {
          return ::clUnloadPlatformCompiler(object_);
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  }; // class Platform
  
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ std::once_flag Platform::default_initialized_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ Platform Platform::default_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ cl_int Platform::default_error_ = CL_SUCCESS;
  
  
  /**
   * Deprecated APIs for 1.2
   */
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  /**
   * Unload the OpenCL compiler.
   * \note Deprecated for OpenCL 1.2. Use Platform::unloadCompiler instead.
   */
  inline CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED cl_int
  UnloadCompiler() CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED;
  inline cl_int
  UnloadCompiler()
  {
      return ::clUnloadCompiler();
  }
  #endif // #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_context.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are shallow, meaning that the copy will refer
   *        to the same underlying cl_context as the original.  For details, see
   *        clRetainContext() and clReleaseContext().
   *
   *  \see cl_context
   */
  class Context 
      : public detail::Wrapper<cl_context>
  {
  private:
      static std::once_flag default_initialized_;
      static Context default_;
      static cl_int default_error_;
  
      /*! \brief Create the default context from the default device type in the default platform.
       *
       * This sets @c default_ and @c default_error_. It does not throw
       * @c cl::Error.
       */
      static void makeDefault() {
          /* Throwing an exception from a call_once invocation does not do
           * what we wish, so we catch it and save the error.
           */
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          try
  #endif
          {
  #if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__MACOS)
              const Platform &p = Platform::getDefault();
              cl_platform_id defaultPlatform = p();
              cl_context_properties properties[3] = {
                  CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM, (cl_context_properties)defaultPlatform, 0
              };
  #else // #if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__MACOS)
              cl_context_properties *properties = nullptr;
  #endif // #if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__MACOS)
  
              default_ = Context(
                  CL_DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT,
                  properties,
                  NULL,
                  NULL,
                  &default_error_);
          }
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          catch (cl::Error &e) {
              default_error_ = e.err();
          }
  #endif
      }
  
  
      /*! \brief Create the default context from a provided Context.
       *
       * This sets @c default_. It does not throw
       * @c cl::Error.
       */
      static void makeDefaultProvided(const Context &c) {
          default_ = c;
      }
      
  public:
  #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
      /*! \brief Reset the default.
      *
      * This sets @c default_ to an empty value to support cleanup in
      * the unit test framework.
      * This function is not thread safe.
      */
      static void unitTestClearDefault() {
          default_ = Context();
      }
  #endif // #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a context including a list of specified devices.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateContext().
       */
      Context(
          const vector<Device>& devices,
          cl_context_properties* properties = NULL,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(
              const char *,
              const void *,
              size_type,
              void *) = NULL,
          void* data = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          size_type numDevices = devices.size();
          vector<cl_device_id> deviceIDs(numDevices);
  
          for( size_type deviceIndex = 0; deviceIndex < numDevices; ++deviceIndex ) {
              deviceIDs[deviceIndex] = (devices[deviceIndex])();
          }
  
          object_ = ::clCreateContext(
              properties, (cl_uint) numDevices,
              deviceIDs.data(),
              notifyFptr, data, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      Context(
          const Device& device,
          cl_context_properties* properties = NULL,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(
              const char *,
              const void *,
              size_type,
              void *) = NULL,
          void* data = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_device_id deviceID = device();
  
          object_ = ::clCreateContext(
              properties, 1,
              &deviceID,
              notifyFptr, data, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
      
      /*! \brief Constructs a context including all or a subset of devices of a specified type.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateContextFromType().
       */
      Context(
          cl_device_type type,
          cl_context_properties* properties = NULL,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(
              const char *,
              const void *,
              size_type,
              void *) = NULL,
          void* data = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
  #if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__MACOS)
          cl_context_properties prop[4] = {CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM, 0, 0, 0 };
  
          if (properties == NULL) {
              // Get a valid platform ID as we cannot send in a blank one
              vector<Platform> platforms;
              error = Platform::get(&platforms);
              if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_FROM_TYPE_ERR);
                  if (err != NULL) {
                      *err = error;
                  }
                  return;
              }
  
              // Check the platforms we found for a device of our specified type
              cl_context_properties platform_id = 0;
              for (unsigned int i = 0; i < platforms.size(); i++) {
  
                  vector<Device> devices;
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
                  try {
  #endif
  
                      error = platforms[i].getDevices(type, &devices);
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
                  } catch (cl::Error& e) {
                      error = e.err();
                  }
      // Catch if exceptions are enabled as we don't want to exit if first platform has no devices of type
      // We do error checking next anyway, and can throw there if needed
  #endif
  
                  // Only squash CL_SUCCESS and CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND
                  if (error != CL_SUCCESS && error != CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND) {
                      detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_FROM_TYPE_ERR);
                      if (err != NULL) {
                          *err = error;
                      }
                  }
  
                  if (devices.size() > 0) {
                      platform_id = (cl_context_properties)platforms[i]();
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              if (platform_id == 0) {
                  detail::errHandler(CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, __CREATE_CONTEXT_FROM_TYPE_ERR);
                  if (err != NULL) {
                      *err = CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND;
                  }
                  return;
              }
  
              prop[1] = platform_id;
              properties = &prop[0];
          }
  #endif
          object_ = ::clCreateContextFromType(
              properties, type, notifyFptr, data, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_FROM_TYPE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Context(const Context& ctx) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(ctx) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Context& operator = (const Context &ctx)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(ctx);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Context(Context&& ctx) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(ctx)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Context& operator = (Context &&ctx)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(ctx));
          return *this;
      }
  
  
      /*! \brief Returns a singleton context including all devices of CL_DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT.
       *
       *  \note All calls to this function return the same cl_context as the first.
       */
      static Context getDefault(cl_int * err = NULL) 
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefault);
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = default_error_;
          }
          return default_;
      }
  
      /**
       * Modify the default context to be used by
       * subsequent operations.
       * Will only set the default if no default was previously created.
       * @return updated default context.
       *         Should be compared to the passed value to ensure that it was updated.
       */
      static Context setDefault(const Context &default_context)
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefaultProvided, std::cref(default_context));
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          return default_;
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Context() : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_context - takes ownership.
       * 
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the cl_context
       *  into the new Context object.
       */
      explicit Context(const cl_context& context, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(context, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_context - takes ownership.
       * 
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the rhs and calls
       *  clReleaseContext() on the value previously held by this instance.
       */
      Context& operator = (const cl_context& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetContextInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_context_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetContextInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_CONTEXT_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetContextInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_context_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_context_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Gets a list of supported image formats.
       *  
       *  Wraps clGetSupportedImageFormats().
       */
      cl_int getSupportedImageFormats(
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_mem_object_type type,
          vector<ImageFormat>* formats) const
      {
          cl_uint numEntries;
          
          if (!formats) {
              return CL_SUCCESS;
          }
  
          cl_int err = ::clGetSupportedImageFormats(
             object_, 
             flags,
             type, 
             0, 
             NULL, 
             &numEntries);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_SUPPORTED_IMAGE_FORMATS_ERR);
          }
  
          if (numEntries > 0) {
              vector<ImageFormat> value(numEntries);
              err = ::clGetSupportedImageFormats(
                  object_,
                  flags,
                  type,
                  numEntries,
                  (cl_image_format*)value.data(),
                  NULL);
              if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  return detail::errHandler(err, __GET_SUPPORTED_IMAGE_FORMATS_ERR);
              }
  
              formats->assign(begin(value), end(value));
          }
          else {
              // If no values are being returned, ensure an empty vector comes back
              formats->clear();
          }
  
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  };
  
  inline void Device::makeDefault()
  {
      /* Throwing an exception from a call_once invocation does not do
      * what we wish, so we catch it and save the error.
      */
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
      try
  #endif
      {
          cl_int error = 0;
  
          Context context = Context::getDefault(&error);
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
  
          if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
              default_error_ = error;
          }
          else {
              default_ = context.getInfo<CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES>()[0];
              default_error_ = CL_SUCCESS;
          }
      }
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
      catch (cl::Error &e) {
          default_error_ = e.err();
      }
  #endif
  }
  
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ std::once_flag Context::default_initialized_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ Context Context::default_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ cl_int Context::default_error_ = CL_SUCCESS;
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_event.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are shallow, meaning that the copy will refer
   *        to the same underlying cl_event as the original.  For details, see
   *        clRetainEvent() and clReleaseEvent().
   *
   *  \see cl_event
   */
  class Event : public detail::Wrapper<cl_event>
  {
  public:
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Event() : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_event - takes ownership.
       * 
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the cl_event
       *  into the new Event object.
       */
      explicit Event(const cl_event& event, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(event, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_event - takes ownership.
       *
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the rhs and calls
       *  clReleaseEvent() on the value previously held by this instance.
       */
      Event& operator = (const cl_event& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetEventInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_event_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetEventInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_EVENT_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetEventInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_event_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_event_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetEventProfilingInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getProfilingInfo(cl_profiling_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(detail::getInfo(
              &::clGetEventProfilingInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_EVENT_PROFILE_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetEventProfilingInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_profiling_info, name>::param_type
      getProfilingInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_profiling_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getProfilingInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Blocks the calling thread until this event completes.
       * 
       *  Wraps clWaitForEvents().
       */
      cl_int wait() const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clWaitForEvents(1, &object_),
              __WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR);
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
      /*! \brief Registers a user callback function for a specific command execution status.
       *
       *  Wraps clSetEventCallback().
       */
      cl_int setCallback(
          cl_int type,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * pfn_notify)(cl_event, cl_int, void *),		
          void * user_data = NULL)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetEventCallback(
                  object_,
                  type,
                  pfn_notify,
                  user_data), 
              __SET_EVENT_CALLBACK_ERR);
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  
      /*! \brief Blocks the calling thread until every event specified is complete.
       * 
       *  Wraps clWaitForEvents().
       */
      static cl_int
      waitForEvents(const vector<Event>& events)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clWaitForEvents(
                  (cl_uint) events.size(), (events.size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events.front() : NULL),
              __WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR);
      }
  };
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  /*! \brief Class interface for user events (a subset of cl_event's).
   * 
   *  See Event for details about copy semantics, etc.
   */
  class UserEvent : public Event
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs a user event on a given context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateUserEvent().
       */
      UserEvent(
          const Context& context,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateUserEvent(
              context(),
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_USER_EVENT_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      UserEvent() : Event() { }
  
      /*! \brief Sets the execution status of a user event object.
       *
       *  Wraps clSetUserEventStatus().
       */
      cl_int setStatus(cl_int status)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetUserEventStatus(object_,status), 
              __SET_USER_EVENT_STATUS_ERR);
      }
  };
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  
  /*! \brief Blocks the calling thread until every event specified is complete.
   * 
   *  Wraps clWaitForEvents().
   */
  inline static cl_int
  WaitForEvents(const vector<Event>& events)
  {
      return detail::errHandler(
          ::clWaitForEvents(
              (cl_uint) events.size(), (events.size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events.front() : NULL),
          __WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR);
  }
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_mem.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are shallow, meaning that the copy will refer
   *        to the same underlying cl_mem as the original.  For details, see
   *        clRetainMemObject() and clReleaseMemObject().
   *
   *  \see cl_mem
   */
  class Memory : public detail::Wrapper<cl_mem>
  {
  public:
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Memory() : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       *  Optionally transfer ownership of a refcount on the cl_mem
       *  into the new Memory object.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Memory(const cl_mem& memory, bool retainObject) :
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(memory, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the rhs and calls
       *  clReleaseMemObject() on the value previously held by this instance.
       */
      Memory& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Memory(const Memory& mem) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(mem) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Memory& operator = (const Memory &mem)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(mem);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Memory(Memory&& mem) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(mem)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Memory& operator = (Memory &&mem)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(mem));
          return *this;
      }
  
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetMemObjectInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_mem_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetMemObjectInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_MEM_OBJECT_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetMemObjectInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_mem_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_mem_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
      /*! \brief Registers a callback function to be called when the memory object
       *         is no longer needed.
       *
       *  Wraps clSetMemObjectDestructorCallback().
       *
       *  Repeated calls to this function, for a given cl_mem value, will append
       *  to the list of functions called (in reverse order) when memory object's
       *  resources are freed and the memory object is deleted.
       *
       *  \note
       *  The registered callbacks are associated with the underlying cl_mem
       *  value - not the Memory class instance.
       */
      cl_int setDestructorCallback(
          void (CL_CALLBACK * pfn_notify)(cl_mem, void *),		
          void * user_data = NULL)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetMemObjectDestructorCallback(
                  object_,
                  pfn_notify,
                  user_data), 
              __SET_MEM_OBJECT_DESTRUCTOR_CALLBACK_ERR);
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  
  };
  
  // Pre-declare copy functions
  class Buffer;
  template< typename IteratorType >
  cl_int copy( IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator, cl::Buffer &buffer );
  template< typename IteratorType >
  cl_int copy( const cl::Buffer &buffer, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator );
  template< typename IteratorType >
  cl_int copy( const CommandQueue &queue, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator, cl::Buffer &buffer );
  template< typename IteratorType >
  cl_int copy( const CommandQueue &queue, const cl::Buffer &buffer, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator );
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  namespace detail
  {
      class SVMTraitNull
      {
      public:
          static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
          {
              return 0;
          }
      };
  } // namespace detail
  
  template<class Trait = detail::SVMTraitNull>
  class SVMTraitReadWrite
  {
  public:
      static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
      {
          return CL_MEM_READ_WRITE |
              Trait::getSVMMemFlags();
      }
  };
  
  template<class Trait = detail::SVMTraitNull>
  class SVMTraitReadOnly
  {
  public:
      static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
      {
          return CL_MEM_READ_ONLY |
              Trait::getSVMMemFlags();
      }
  };
  
  template<class Trait = detail::SVMTraitNull>
  class SVMTraitWriteOnly
  {
  public:
      static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
      {
          return CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY |
              Trait::getSVMMemFlags();
      }
  };
  
  template<class Trait = SVMTraitReadWrite<>>
  class SVMTraitCoarse
  {
  public:
      static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
      {
          return Trait::getSVMMemFlags();
      }
  };
  
  template<class Trait = SVMTraitReadWrite<>>
  class SVMTraitFine
  {
  public:
      static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
      {
          return CL_MEM_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_BUFFER |
              Trait::getSVMMemFlags();
      }
  };
  
  template<class Trait = SVMTraitReadWrite<>>
  class SVMTraitAtomic
  {
  public:
      static cl_svm_mem_flags getSVMMemFlags()
      {
          return
              CL_MEM_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_BUFFER |
              CL_MEM_SVM_ATOMICS |
              Trait::getSVMMemFlags();
      }
  };
  
  // Pre-declare SVM map function
  template<typename T>
  inline cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
      T* ptr,
      cl_bool blocking,
      cl_map_flags flags,
      size_type size,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL);
  
  /**
   * STL-like allocator class for managing SVM objects provided for convenience.
   *
   * Note that while this behaves like an allocator for the purposes of constructing vectors and similar objects,
   * care must be taken when using with smart pointers.
   * The allocator should not be used to construct a unique_ptr if we are using coarse-grained SVM mode because
   * the coarse-grained management behaviour would behave incorrectly with respect to reference counting.
   *
   * Instead the allocator embeds a Deleter which may be used with unique_ptr and is used
   * with the allocate_shared and allocate_ptr supplied operations.
   */
  template<typename T, class SVMTrait>
  class SVMAllocator {
  private:
      Context context_;
  
  public:
      typedef T value_type;
      typedef value_type* pointer;
      typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
      typedef value_type& reference;
      typedef const value_type& const_reference;
      typedef std::size_t size_type;
      typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
  
      template<typename U>
      struct rebind
      {
          typedef SVMAllocator<U, SVMTrait> other;
      };
  
      template<typename U, typename V>
      friend class SVMAllocator;
  
      SVMAllocator() :
          context_(Context::getDefault())
      {
      }
  
      explicit SVMAllocator(cl::Context context) :
          context_(context)
      {
      }
  
  
      SVMAllocator(const SVMAllocator &other) :
          context_(other.context_)
      {
      }
  
      template<typename U>
      SVMAllocator(const SVMAllocator<U, SVMTrait> &other) :
          context_(other.context_)
      {
      }
  
      ~SVMAllocator()
      {
      }
  
      pointer address(reference r) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
      {
          return std::addressof(r);
      }
  
      const_pointer address(const_reference r) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
      {
          return std::addressof(r);
      }
  
      /**
       * Allocate an SVM pointer.
       *
       * If the allocator is coarse-grained, this will take ownership to allow
       * containers to correctly construct data in place. 
       */
      pointer allocate(
          size_type size,
          typename cl::SVMAllocator<void, SVMTrait>::const_pointer = 0)
      {
          // Allocate memory with default alignment matching the size of the type
          void* voidPointer =
              clSVMAlloc(
              context_(),
              SVMTrait::getSVMMemFlags(),
              size*sizeof(T),
              0);
          pointer retValue = reinterpret_cast<pointer>(
              voidPointer);
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          if (!retValue) {
              std::bad_alloc excep;
              throw excep;
          }
  #endif // #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
  
          // If allocation was coarse-grained then map it
          if (!(SVMTrait::getSVMMemFlags() & CL_MEM_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_BUFFER)) {
              cl_int err = enqueueMapSVM(retValue, CL_TRUE, CL_MAP_READ | CL_MAP_WRITE, size*sizeof(T));
              if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  std::bad_alloc excep;
                  throw excep;
              }
          }
  
          // If exceptions disabled, return null pointer from allocator
          return retValue;
      }
  
      void deallocate(pointer p, size_type)
      {
          clSVMFree(context_(), p);
      }
  
      /**
       * Return the maximum possible allocation size.
       * This is the minimum of the maximum sizes of all devices in the context.
       */
      size_type max_size() const CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
      {
          size_type maxSize = std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max() / sizeof(T);
  
          for (const Device &d : context_.getInfo<CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES>()) {
              maxSize = std::min(
                  maxSize, 
                  static_cast<size_type>(d.getInfo<CL_DEVICE_MAX_MEM_ALLOC_SIZE>()));
          }
  
          return maxSize;
      }
  
      template< class U, class... Args >
      void construct(U* p, Args&&... args)
      {
          new(p)T(args...);
      }
  
      template< class U >
      void destroy(U* p)
      {
          p->~U();
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns true if the contexts match.
       */
      inline bool operator==(SVMAllocator const& rhs)
      {
          return (context_==rhs.context_);
      }
  
      inline bool operator!=(SVMAllocator const& a)
      {
          return !operator==(a);
      }
  }; // class SVMAllocator        return cl::pointer<T>(tmp, detail::Deleter<T, Alloc>{alloc, copies});
  
  
  template<class SVMTrait>
  class SVMAllocator<void, SVMTrait> {
  public:
      typedef void value_type;
      typedef value_type* pointer;
      typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
  
      template<typename U>
      struct rebind
      {
          typedef SVMAllocator<U, SVMTrait> other;
      };
  
      template<typename U, typename V>
      friend class SVMAllocator;
  };
  
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_UNIQUE_PTR)
  namespace detail
  {
      template<class Alloc>
      class Deleter {
      private:
          Alloc alloc_;
          size_type copies_;
  
      public:
          typedef typename std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::pointer pointer;
  
          Deleter(const Alloc &alloc, size_type copies) : alloc_{ alloc }, copies_{ copies }
          {
          }
  
          void operator()(pointer ptr) const {
              Alloc tmpAlloc{ alloc_ };
              std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::destroy(tmpAlloc, std::addressof(*ptr));
              std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::deallocate(tmpAlloc, ptr, copies_);
          }
      };
  } // namespace detail
  
  /**
   * Allocation operation compatible with std::allocate_ptr.
   * Creates a unique_ptr<T> by default.
   * This requirement is to ensure that the control block is not
   * allocated in memory inaccessible to the host.
   */
  template <class T, class Alloc, class... Args>
  cl::pointer<T, detail::Deleter<Alloc>> allocate_pointer(const Alloc &alloc_, Args&&... args)
  {
      Alloc alloc(alloc_);
      static const size_type copies = 1;
  
      // Ensure that creation of the management block and the
      // object are dealt with separately such that we only provide a deleter
  
      T* tmp = std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::allocate(alloc, copies);
      if (!tmp) {
          std::bad_alloc excep;
          throw excep;
      }
      try {
          std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::construct(
              alloc,
              std::addressof(*tmp),
              std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  
          return cl::pointer<T, detail::Deleter<Alloc>>(tmp, detail::Deleter<Alloc>{alloc, copies});
      }
      catch (std::bad_alloc b)
      {
          std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::deallocate(alloc, tmp, copies);
          throw;
      }
  }
  
  template< class T, class SVMTrait, class... Args >
  cl::pointer<T, detail::Deleter<SVMAllocator<T, SVMTrait>>> allocate_svm(Args... args)
  {
      SVMAllocator<T, SVMTrait> alloc;
      return cl::allocate_pointer<T>(alloc, args...);
  }
  
  template< class T, class SVMTrait, class... Args >
  cl::pointer<T, detail::Deleter<SVMAllocator<T, SVMTrait>>> allocate_svm(const cl::Context &c, Args... args)
  {
      SVMAllocator<T, SVMTrait> alloc(c);
      return cl::allocate_pointer<T>(alloc, args...);
  }
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_NO_STD_UNIQUE_PTR)
  
  /*! \brief Vector alias to simplify contruction of coarse-grained SVM containers.
   * 
   */
  template < class T >
  using coarse_svm_vector = vector<T, cl::SVMAllocator<int, cl::SVMTraitCoarse<>>>;
  
  /*! \brief Vector alias to simplify contruction of fine-grained SVM containers.
  *
  */
  template < class T >
  using fine_svm_vector = vector<T, cl::SVMAllocator<int, cl::SVMTraitFine<>>>;
  
  /*! \brief Vector alias to simplify contruction of fine-grained SVM containers that support platform atomics.
  *
  */
  template < class T >
  using atomic_svm_vector = vector<T, cl::SVMAllocator<int, cl::SVMTraitAtomic<>>>;
  
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for Buffer Memory Objects.
   * 
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   *
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class Buffer : public Memory
  {
  public:
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a Buffer in a specified context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateBuffer().
       *
       *  \param host_ptr Storage to be used if the CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR flag was
       *                  specified.  Note alignment & exclusivity requirements.
       */
      Buffer(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          size_type size,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, host_ptr, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a Buffer in the default context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateBuffer().
       *
       *  \param host_ptr Storage to be used if the CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR flag was
       *                  specified.  Note alignment & exclusivity requirements.
       *
       *  \see Context::getDefault()
       */
      Buffer(
           cl_mem_flags flags,
          size_type size,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          Context context = Context::getDefault(err);
  
          object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, host_ptr, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*!
       * \brief Construct a Buffer from a host container via iterators.
       * IteratorType must be random access.
       * If useHostPtr is specified iterators must represent contiguous data.
       */
      template< typename IteratorType >
      Buffer(
          IteratorType startIterator,
          IteratorType endIterator,
          bool readOnly,
          bool useHostPtr = false,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          typedef typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type DataType;
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_mem_flags flags = 0;
          if( readOnly ) {
              flags |= CL_MEM_READ_ONLY;
          }
          else {
              flags |= CL_MEM_READ_WRITE;
          }
          if( useHostPtr ) {
              flags |= CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR;
          }
          
          size_type size = sizeof(DataType)*(endIterator - startIterator);
  
          Context context = Context::getDefault(err);
  
          if( useHostPtr ) {
              object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, static_cast<DataType*>(&*startIterator), &error);
          } else {
              object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, 0, &error);
          }
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
          if( !useHostPtr ) {
              error = cl::copy(startIterator, endIterator, *this);
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
      }
  
      /*!
       * \brief Construct a Buffer from a host container via iterators using a specified context.
       * IteratorType must be random access.
       * If useHostPtr is specified iterators must represent contiguous data.
       */
      template< typename IteratorType >
      Buffer(const Context &context, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator,
          bool readOnly, bool useHostPtr = false, cl_int* err = NULL);
      
      /*!
      * \brief Construct a Buffer from a host container via iterators using a specified queue.
      * If useHostPtr is specified iterators must be random access.
      */
      template< typename IteratorType >
      Buffer(const CommandQueue &queue, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator,
          bool readOnly, bool useHostPtr = false, cl_int* err = NULL);
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Buffer() : Memory() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with earlier versions.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Buffer(const cl_mem& buffer, bool retainObject = false) :
          Memory(buffer, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
      *
      *  See Memory for further details.
      */
      Buffer& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Memory::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Buffer(const Buffer& buf) : Memory(buf) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Buffer& operator = (const Buffer &buf)
      {
          Memory::operator=(buf);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Buffer(Buffer&& buf) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Memory(std::move(buf)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Buffer& operator = (Buffer &&buf)
      {
          Memory::operator=(std::move(buf));
          return *this;
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
      /*! \brief Creates a new buffer object from this.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateSubBuffer().
       */
      Buffer createSubBuffer(
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_buffer_create_type buffer_create_type,
          const void * buffer_create_info,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          Buffer result;
          cl_int error;
          result.object_ = ::clCreateSubBuffer(
              object_, 
              flags, 
              buffer_create_type, 
              buffer_create_info, 
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_SUBBUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
          return result;
      }		
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  };
  
  #if defined (CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP)
  /*! \brief Class interface for creating OpenCL buffers from ID3D10Buffer's.
   *
   *  This is provided to facilitate interoperability with Direct3D.
   * 
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   *
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class BufferD3D10 : public Buffer
  {
  public:
     
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a BufferD3D10, in a specified context, from a
       *         given ID3D10Buffer.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR().
       */
      BufferD3D10(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ID3D10Buffer* bufobj,
          cl_int * err = NULL) : pfn_clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR(nullptr)
      {
          typedef CL_API_ENTRY cl_mem (CL_API_CALL *PFN_clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR)(
              cl_context context, cl_mem_flags flags, ID3D10Buffer*  buffer,
              cl_int* errcode_ret);
          PFN_clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR pfn_clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR;
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          vector<cl_context_properties> props = context.getInfo<CL_CONTEXT_PROPERTIES>();
          cl_platform platform = -1;
          for( int i = 0; i < props.size(); ++i ) {
              if( props[i] == CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM ) {
                  platform = props[i+1];
              }
          }
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_PLATFORM_(platform, clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR);
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_(clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR);
  #endif
  
          cl_int error;
          object_ = pfn_clCreateFromD3D10BufferKHR(
              context(),
              flags,
              bufobj,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_GL_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      BufferD3D10() : Buffer() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with 
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit BufferD3D10(const cl_mem& buffer, bool retainObject = false) : 
          Buffer(buffer, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      BufferD3D10& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferD3D10(const BufferD3D10& buf) : 
          Buffer(buf) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferD3D10& operator = (const BufferD3D10 &buf)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(buf);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferD3D10(BufferD3D10&& buf) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Buffer(std::move(buf)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferD3D10& operator = (BufferD3D10 &&buf)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(std::move(buf));
          return *this;
      }
  };
  #endif
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for GL Buffer Memory Objects.
   *
   *  This is provided to facilitate interoperability with OpenGL.
   * 
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class BufferGL : public Buffer
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs a BufferGL in a specified context, from a given
       *         GL buffer.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateFromGLBuffer().
       */
      BufferGL(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_GLuint bufobj,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateFromGLBuffer(
              context(),
              flags,
              bufobj,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_GL_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      BufferGL() : Buffer() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit BufferGL(const cl_mem& buffer, bool retainObject = false) :
          Buffer(buffer, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      BufferGL& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferGL(const BufferGL& buf) : Buffer(buf) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferGL& operator = (const BufferGL &buf)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(buf);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferGL(BufferGL&& buf) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Buffer(std::move(buf)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferGL& operator = (BufferGL &&buf)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(std::move(buf));
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetGLObjectInfo().
      cl_int getObjectInfo(
          cl_gl_object_type *type,
          cl_GLuint * gl_object_name)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clGetGLObjectInfo(object_,type,gl_object_name),
              __GET_GL_OBJECT_INFO_ERR);
      }
  };
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for GL Render Buffer Memory Objects.
   *
   *  This is provided to facilitate interoperability with OpenGL.
   * 
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class BufferRenderGL : public Buffer
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs a BufferRenderGL in a specified context, from a given
       *         GL Renderbuffer.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateFromGLRenderbuffer().
       */
      BufferRenderGL(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_GLuint bufobj,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateFromGLRenderbuffer(
              context(),
              flags,
              bufobj,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_GL_RENDER_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      BufferRenderGL() : Buffer() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with 
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit BufferRenderGL(const cl_mem& buffer, bool retainObject = false) :
          Buffer(buffer, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      BufferRenderGL& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferRenderGL(const BufferRenderGL& buf) : Buffer(buf) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferRenderGL& operator = (const BufferRenderGL &buf)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(buf);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferRenderGL(BufferRenderGL&& buf) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Buffer(std::move(buf)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      BufferRenderGL& operator = (BufferRenderGL &&buf)
      {
          Buffer::operator=(std::move(buf));
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetGLObjectInfo().
      cl_int getObjectInfo(
          cl_gl_object_type *type,
          cl_GLuint * gl_object_name)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clGetGLObjectInfo(object_,type,gl_object_name),
              __GET_GL_OBJECT_INFO_ERR);
      }
  };
  
  /*! \brief C++ base class for Image Memory objects.
   *
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class Image : public Memory
  {
  protected:
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Image() : Memory() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image(const cl_mem& image, bool retainObject = false) :
          Memory(image, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Image& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Memory::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image(const Image& img) : Memory(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image& operator = (const Image &img)
      {
          Memory::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image(Image&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Memory(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image& operator = (Image &&img)
      {
          Memory::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  
  
  public:
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetImageInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getImageInfo(cl_image_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetImageInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_IMAGE_INFO_ERR);
      }
      
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetImageInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_image_info, name>::param_type
      getImageInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_image_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getImageInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  };
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  /*! \brief Class interface for 1D Image Memory objects.
   *
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class Image1D : public Image
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs a 1D Image in a specified context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateImage().
       */
      Image1D(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ImageFormat format,
          size_type width,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          cl_image_desc desc =
          {
              CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D,
              width,
              0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
          };
          object_ = ::clCreateImage(
              context(), 
              flags, 
              &format, 
              &desc, 
              host_ptr, 
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Image1D() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image1D(const cl_mem& image1D, bool retainObject = false) :
          Image(image1D, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Image1D& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1D(const Image1D& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1D& operator = (const Image1D &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1D(Image1D&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1D& operator = (Image1D &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  
  };
  
  /*! \class Image1DBuffer
   * \brief Image interface for 1D buffer images.
   */
  class Image1DBuffer : public Image
  {
  public:
      Image1DBuffer(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ImageFormat format,
          size_type width,
          const Buffer &buffer,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          cl_image_desc desc =
          {
              CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_BUFFER,
              width,
              0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
              buffer()
          };
          object_ = ::clCreateImage(
              context(), 
              flags, 
              &format, 
              &desc, 
              NULL, 
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      Image1DBuffer() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image1DBuffer(const cl_mem& image1D, bool retainObject = false) :
          Image(image1D, retainObject) { }
  
      Image1DBuffer& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DBuffer(const Image1DBuffer& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DBuffer& operator = (const Image1DBuffer &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DBuffer(Image1DBuffer&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DBuffer& operator = (Image1DBuffer &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  
  };
  
  /*! \class Image1DArray
   * \brief Image interface for arrays of 1D images.
   */
  class Image1DArray : public Image
  {
  public:
      Image1DArray(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ImageFormat format,
          size_type arraySize,
          size_type width,
          size_type rowPitch,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          cl_image_desc desc =
          {
              CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE1D_ARRAY,
              width,
              0, 0,  // height, depth (unused)
              arraySize,
              rowPitch,
              0, 0, 0, 0
          };
          object_ = ::clCreateImage(
              context(), 
              flags, 
              &format, 
              &desc, 
              host_ptr, 
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      Image1DArray() { }
    
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image1DArray(const cl_mem& imageArray, bool retainObject = false) :
          Image(imageArray, retainObject) { }
  
  
      Image1DArray& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DArray(const Image1DArray& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DArray& operator = (const Image1DArray &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DArray(Image1DArray&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image1DArray& operator = (Image1DArray &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  
  };
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for 2D Image Memory objects.
   *
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class Image2D : public Image
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs a 2D Image in a specified context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateImage().
       */
      Image2D(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ImageFormat format,
          size_type width,
          size_type height,
          size_type row_pitch = 0,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          bool useCreateImage;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
          // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
          {
              cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
              useCreateImage = (version >= 0x10002); // OpenCL 1.2 or above
          }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          useCreateImage = true;
  #else
          useCreateImage = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          if (useCreateImage)
          {
              cl_image_desc desc =
              {
                  CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE2D,
                  width,
                  height,
                  0, 0, // depth, array size (unused)
                  row_pitch,
                  0, 0, 0, 0
              };
              object_ = ::clCreateImage(
                  context(),
                  flags,
                  &format,
                  &desc,
                  host_ptr,
                  &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
          if (!useCreateImage)
          {
              object_ = ::clCreateImage2D(
                  context(), flags,&format, width, height, row_pitch, host_ptr, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE2D_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 || defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_IMAGE2D_FROM_BUFFER_KHR)
      /*! \brief Constructs a 2D Image from a buffer.
      * \note This will share storage with the underlying buffer.
      *
      *  Wraps clCreateImage().
      */
      Image2D(
          const Context& context,
          ImageFormat format,
          const Buffer &sourceBuffer,
          size_type width,
          size_type height,
          size_type row_pitch = 0,
          cl_int* err = nullptr)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_image_desc desc =
          {
              CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE2D,
              width,
              height,
              0, 0, // depth, array size (unused)
              row_pitch,
              0, 0, 0,
              // Use buffer as input to image
              sourceBuffer()
          };
          object_ = ::clCreateImage(
              context(),
              0, // flags inherited from buffer
              &format,
              &desc,
              nullptr,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != nullptr) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  #endif //#if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 || defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_IMAGE2D_FROM_BUFFER_KHR)
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
      /*! \brief Constructs a 2D Image from an image.
      * \note This will share storage with the underlying image but may
      *       reinterpret the channel order and type.
      *
      * The image will be created matching with a descriptor matching the source. 
      *
      * \param order is the channel order to reinterpret the image data as.
      *              The channel order may differ as described in the OpenCL 
      *              2.0 API specification.
      *
      * Wraps clCreateImage().
      */
      Image2D(
          const Context& context,
          cl_channel_order order,
          const Image &sourceImage,
          cl_int* err = nullptr)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          // Descriptor fields have to match source image
          size_type sourceWidth = 
              sourceImage.getImageInfo<CL_IMAGE_WIDTH>();
          size_type sourceHeight = 
              sourceImage.getImageInfo<CL_IMAGE_HEIGHT>();
          size_type sourceRowPitch =
              sourceImage.getImageInfo<CL_IMAGE_ROW_PITCH>();
          cl_uint sourceNumMIPLevels =
              sourceImage.getImageInfo<CL_IMAGE_NUM_MIP_LEVELS>();
          cl_uint sourceNumSamples =
              sourceImage.getImageInfo<CL_IMAGE_NUM_SAMPLES>();
          cl_image_format sourceFormat =
              sourceImage.getImageInfo<CL_IMAGE_FORMAT>();
  
          // Update only the channel order. 
          // Channel format inherited from source.
          sourceFormat.image_channel_order = order;
          cl_image_desc desc =
          {
              CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE2D,
              sourceWidth,
              sourceHeight,
              0, 0, // depth (unused), array size (unused)
              sourceRowPitch,
              0, // slice pitch (unused)
              sourceNumMIPLevels,
              sourceNumSamples,
              // Use buffer as input to image
              sourceImage()
          };
          object_ = ::clCreateImage(
              context(),
              0, // flags should be inherited from mem_object
              &sourceFormat,
              &desc,
              nullptr,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != nullptr) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  #endif //#if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Image2D() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image2D(const cl_mem& image2D, bool retainObject = false) :
          Image(image2D, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Image2D& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2D(const Image2D& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2D& operator = (const Image2D &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2D(Image2D&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2D& operator = (Image2D &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  
  };
  
  
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  /*! \brief Class interface for GL 2D Image Memory objects.
   *
   *  This is provided to facilitate interoperability with OpenGL.
   * 
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   *  \note Deprecated for OpenCL 1.2. Please use ImageGL instead.
   */
  class CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED Image2DGL : public Image2D 
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs an Image2DGL in a specified context, from a given
       *         GL Texture.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateFromGLTexture2D().
       */
      Image2DGL(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_GLenum target,
          cl_GLint  miplevel,
          cl_GLuint texobj,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateFromGLTexture2D(
              context(),
              flags,
              target,
              miplevel,
              texobj,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_GL_TEXTURE_2D_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
      }
      
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Image2DGL() : Image2D() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image2DGL(const cl_mem& image, bool retainObject = false) : 
          Image2D(image, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *c
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Image2DGL& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image2D::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DGL(const Image2DGL& img) : Image2D(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DGL& operator = (const Image2DGL &img)
      {
          Image2D::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DGL(Image2DGL&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image2D(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DGL& operator = (Image2DGL &&img)
      {
          Image2D::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  
  } CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED;
  #endif // CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  /*! \class Image2DArray
   * \brief Image interface for arrays of 2D images.
   */
  class Image2DArray : public Image
  {
  public:
      Image2DArray(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ImageFormat format,
          size_type arraySize,
          size_type width,
          size_type height,
          size_type rowPitch,
          size_type slicePitch,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          cl_image_desc desc =
          {
              CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE2D_ARRAY,
              width,
              height,
              0,       // depth (unused)
              arraySize,
              rowPitch,
              slicePitch,
              0, 0, 0
          };
          object_ = ::clCreateImage(
              context(), 
              flags, 
              &format, 
              &desc, 
              host_ptr, 
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      Image2DArray() { }
      
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image2DArray(const cl_mem& imageArray, bool retainObject = false) : Image(imageArray, retainObject) { }
  
      Image2DArray& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DArray(const Image2DArray& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DArray& operator = (const Image2DArray &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DArray(Image2DArray&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image2DArray& operator = (Image2DArray &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  };
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for 3D Image Memory objects.
   *
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class Image3D : public Image
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs a 3D Image in a specified context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateImage().
       */
      Image3D(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          ImageFormat format,
          size_type width,
          size_type height,
          size_type depth,
          size_type row_pitch = 0,
          size_type slice_pitch = 0,
          void* host_ptr = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          bool useCreateImage;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
          // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
          {
              cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
              useCreateImage = (version >= 0x10002); // OpenCL 1.2 or above
          }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          useCreateImage = true;
  #else
          useCreateImage = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          if (useCreateImage)
          {
              cl_image_desc desc =
              {
                  CL_MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE3D,
                  width,
                  height,
                  depth,
                  0,      // array size (unused)
                  row_pitch,
                  slice_pitch,
                  0, 0, 0
              };
              object_ = ::clCreateImage(
                  context(), 
                  flags, 
                  &format, 
                  &desc, 
                  host_ptr, 
                  &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif  // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
          if (!useCreateImage)
          {
              object_ = ::clCreateImage3D(
                  context(), flags, &format, width, height, depth, row_pitch,
                  slice_pitch, host_ptr, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_IMAGE3D_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 120
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Image3D() : Image() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image3D(const cl_mem& image3D, bool retainObject = false) : 
          Image(image3D, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Image3D& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3D(const Image3D& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3D& operator = (const Image3D &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3D(Image3D&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3D& operator = (Image3D &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  };
  
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  /*! \brief Class interface for GL 3D Image Memory objects.
   *
   *  This is provided to facilitate interoperability with OpenGL.
   * 
   *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
   * 
   *  \see Memory
   */
  class Image3DGL : public Image3D
  {
  public:
      /*! \brief Constructs an Image3DGL in a specified context, from a given
       *         GL Texture.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateFromGLTexture3D().
       */
      Image3DGL(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_GLenum target,
          cl_GLint  miplevel,
          cl_GLuint texobj,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateFromGLTexture3D(
              context(),
              flags,
              target,
              miplevel,
              texobj,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_GL_TEXTURE_3D_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Image3DGL() : Image3D() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Image3DGL(const cl_mem& image, bool retainObject = false) : 
          Image3D(image, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Image3DGL& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image3D::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3DGL(const Image3DGL& img) : Image3D(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3DGL& operator = (const Image3DGL &img)
      {
          Image3D::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3DGL(Image3DGL&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image3D(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Image3DGL& operator = (Image3DGL &&img)
      {
          Image3D::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  };
  #endif // CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  /*! \class ImageGL
   * \brief general image interface for GL interop.
   * We abstract the 2D and 3D GL images into a single instance here
   * that wraps all GL sourced images on the grounds that setup information
   * was performed by OpenCL anyway.
   */
  class ImageGL : public Image
  {
  public:
      ImageGL(
          const Context& context,
          cl_mem_flags flags,
          cl_GLenum target,
          cl_GLint  miplevel,
          cl_GLuint texobj,
          cl_int * err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          object_ = ::clCreateFromGLTexture(
              context(), 
              flags, 
              target,
              miplevel,
              texobj,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_GL_TEXTURE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      ImageGL() : Image() { }
      
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit ImageGL(const cl_mem& image, bool retainObject = false) : 
          Image(image, retainObject) { }
  
      ImageGL& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Image::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      ImageGL(const ImageGL& img) : Image(img) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      ImageGL& operator = (const ImageGL &img)
      {
          Image::operator=(img);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      ImageGL(ImageGL&& img) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Image(std::move(img)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      ImageGL& operator = (ImageGL &&img)
      {
          Image::operator=(std::move(img));
          return *this;
      }
  };
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  /*! \brief Class interface for Pipe Memory Objects.
  *
  *  See Memory for details about copy semantics, etc.
  *
  *  \see Memory
  */
  class Pipe : public Memory
  {
  public:
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a Pipe in a specified context.
       *
       * Wraps clCreatePipe().
       * @param context Context in which to create the pipe.
       * @param flags Bitfield. Only CL_MEM_READ_WRITE and CL_MEM_HOST_NO_ACCESS are valid.
       * @param packet_size Size in bytes of a single packet of the pipe.
       * @param max_packets Number of packets that may be stored in the pipe.
       *
       */
      Pipe(
          const Context& context,
          cl_uint packet_size,
          cl_uint max_packets,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_mem_flags flags = CL_MEM_READ_WRITE | CL_MEM_HOST_NO_ACCESS;
          object_ = ::clCreatePipe(context(), flags, packet_size, max_packets, nullptr, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PIPE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a Pipe in a the default context.
       *
       * Wraps clCreatePipe().
       * @param flags Bitfield. Only CL_MEM_READ_WRITE and CL_MEM_HOST_NO_ACCESS are valid.
       * @param packet_size Size in bytes of a single packet of the pipe.
       * @param max_packets Number of packets that may be stored in the pipe.
       *
       */
      Pipe(
          cl_uint packet_size,
          cl_uint max_packets,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          Context context = Context::getDefault(err);
  
          cl_mem_flags flags = CL_MEM_READ_WRITE | CL_MEM_HOST_NO_ACCESS;
          object_ = ::clCreatePipe(context(), flags, packet_size, max_packets, nullptr, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PIPE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Pipe() : Memory() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with earlier versions.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      explicit Pipe(const cl_mem& pipe, bool retainObject = false) :
          Memory(pipe, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment from cl_mem - performs shallow copy.
       *
       *  See Memory for further details.
       */
      Pipe& operator = (const cl_mem& rhs)
      {
          Memory::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Pipe(const Pipe& pipe) : Memory(pipe) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Pipe& operator = (const Pipe &pipe)
      {
          Memory::operator=(pipe);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Pipe(Pipe&& pipe) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : Memory(std::move(pipe)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Pipe& operator = (Pipe &&pipe)
      {
          Memory::operator=(std::move(pipe));
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetMemObjectInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_pipe_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetPipeInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_PIPE_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetMemObjectInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
          detail::param_traits<detail::cl_pipe_info, name>::param_type
          getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_pipe_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  }; // class Pipe
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_sampler.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are shallow, meaning that the copy will refer
   *        to the same underlying cl_sampler as the original.  For details, see
   *        clRetainSampler() and clReleaseSampler().
   *
   *  \see cl_sampler 
   */
  class Sampler : public detail::Wrapper<cl_sampler>
  {
  public:
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Sampler() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructs a Sampler in a specified context.
       *
       *  Wraps clCreateSampler().
       */
      Sampler(
          const Context& context,
          cl_bool normalized_coords,
          cl_addressing_mode addressing_mode,
          cl_filter_mode filter_mode,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          cl_sampler_properties sampler_properties[] = {
              CL_SAMPLER_NORMALIZED_COORDS, normalized_coords,
              CL_SAMPLER_ADDRESSING_MODE, addressing_mode,
              CL_SAMPLER_FILTER_MODE, filter_mode,
              0 };
          object_ = ::clCreateSamplerWithProperties(
              context(),
              sampler_properties,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_SAMPLER_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  #else
          object_ = ::clCreateSampler(
              context(),
              normalized_coords,
              addressing_mode,
              filter_mode,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_SAMPLER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  #endif        
      }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_sampler - takes ownership.
       * 
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the cl_sampler
       *  into the new Sampler object.
       */
      explicit Sampler(const cl_sampler& sampler, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(sampler, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_sampler - takes ownership.
       *
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the rhs and calls
       *  clReleaseSampler() on the value previously held by this instance.
       */
      Sampler& operator = (const cl_sampler& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Sampler(const Sampler& sam) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(sam) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Sampler& operator = (const Sampler &sam)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(sam);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Sampler(Sampler&& sam) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(sam)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Sampler& operator = (Sampler &&sam)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(sam));
          return *this;
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetSamplerInfo().
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_sampler_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetSamplerInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_SAMPLER_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      //! \brief Wrapper for clGetSamplerInfo() that returns by value.
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_sampler_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_sampler_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  };
  
  class Program;
  class CommandQueue;
  class DeviceCommandQueue;
  class Kernel;
  
  //! \brief Class interface for specifying NDRange values.
  class NDRange
  {
  private:
      size_type sizes_[3];
      cl_uint dimensions_;
  
  public:
      //! \brief Default constructor - resulting range has zero dimensions.
      NDRange()
          : dimensions_(0)
      {
          sizes_[0] = 0;
          sizes_[1] = 0;
          sizes_[2] = 0;
      }
  
      //! \brief Constructs one-dimensional range.
      NDRange(size_type size0)
          : dimensions_(1)
      {
          sizes_[0] = size0;
          sizes_[1] = 1;
          sizes_[2] = 1;
      }
  
      //! \brief Constructs two-dimensional range.
      NDRange(size_type size0, size_type size1)
          : dimensions_(2)
      {
          sizes_[0] = size0;
          sizes_[1] = size1;
          sizes_[2] = 1;
      }
  
      //! \brief Constructs three-dimensional range.
      NDRange(size_type size0, size_type size1, size_type size2)
          : dimensions_(3)
      {
          sizes_[0] = size0;
          sizes_[1] = size1;
          sizes_[2] = size2;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Conversion operator to const size_type *.
       *  
       *  \returns a pointer to the size of the first dimension.
       */
      operator const size_type*() const { 
          return sizes_; 
      }
  
      //! \brief Queries the number of dimensions in the range.
      size_type dimensions() const 
      { 
          return dimensions_; 
      }
  
      //! \brief Returns the size of the object in bytes based on the
      // runtime number of dimensions
      size_type size() const
      {
          return dimensions_*sizeof(size_type);
      }
  
      size_type* get()
      {
          return sizes_;
      }
      
      const size_type* get() const
      {
          return sizes_;
      }
  };
  
  //! \brief A zero-dimensional range.
  static const NDRange NullRange;
  
  //! \brief Local address wrapper for use with Kernel::setArg
  struct LocalSpaceArg
  {
      size_type size_;
  };
  
  namespace detail {
  
  template <typename T, class Enable = void>
  struct KernelArgumentHandler;
  
  // Enable for objects that are not subclasses of memory
  // Pointers, constants etc
  template <typename T>
  struct KernelArgumentHandler<T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_base_of<cl::Memory, T>::value>::type>
  {
      static size_type size(const T&) { return sizeof(T); }
      static const T* ptr(const T& value) { return &value; }
  };
  
  // Enable for subclasses of memory where we want to get a reference to the cl_mem out
  // and pass that in for safety
  template <typename T>
  struct KernelArgumentHandler<T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<cl::Memory, T>::value>::type>
  {
      static size_type size(const T&) { return sizeof(cl_mem); }
      static const cl_mem* ptr(const T& value) { return &(value()); }
  };
  
  // Specialization for DeviceCommandQueue defined later
  
  template <>
  struct KernelArgumentHandler<LocalSpaceArg, void>
  {
      static size_type size(const LocalSpaceArg& value) { return value.size_; }
      static const void* ptr(const LocalSpaceArg&) { return NULL; }
  };
  
  } 
  //! \endcond
  
  /*! Local
   * \brief Helper function for generating LocalSpaceArg objects.
   */
  inline LocalSpaceArg
  Local(size_type size)
  {
      LocalSpaceArg ret = { size };
      return ret;
  }
  
  /*! \brief Class interface for cl_kernel.
   *
   *  \note Copies of these objects are shallow, meaning that the copy will refer
   *        to the same underlying cl_kernel as the original.  For details, see
   *        clRetainKernel() and clReleaseKernel().
   *
   *  \see cl_kernel
   */
  class Kernel : public detail::Wrapper<cl_kernel>
  {
  public:
      inline Kernel(const Program& program, const char* name, cl_int* err = NULL);
  
      //! \brief Default constructor - initializes to NULL.
      Kernel() { }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_kernel - takes ownership.
       * 
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the cl_kernel
       *  into the new Kernel object.
       */
      explicit Kernel(const cl_kernel& kernel, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(kernel, retainObject) { }
  
      /*! \brief Assignment operator from cl_kernel - takes ownership.
       *
       *  This effectively transfers ownership of a refcount on the rhs and calls
       *  clReleaseKernel() on the value previously held by this instance.
       */
      Kernel& operator = (const cl_kernel& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Kernel(const Kernel& kernel) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(kernel) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Kernel& operator = (const Kernel &kernel)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(kernel);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Kernel(Kernel&& kernel) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(kernel)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Kernel& operator = (Kernel &&kernel)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(kernel));
          return *this;
      }
  
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_kernel_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetKernelInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_KERNEL_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_kernel_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_kernel_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getArgInfo(cl_uint argIndex, cl_kernel_arg_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetKernelArgInfo, object_, argIndex, name, param),
              __GET_KERNEL_ARG_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_kernel_arg_info, name>::param_type
      getArgInfo(cl_uint argIndex, cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_kernel_arg_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getArgInfo(argIndex, name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getWorkGroupInfo(
          const Device& device, cl_kernel_work_group_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(
                  &::clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo, object_, device(), name, param),
                  __GET_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_kernel_work_group_info, name>::param_type
          getWorkGroupInfo(const Device& device, cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
          detail::cl_kernel_work_group_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getWorkGroupInfo(device, name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
      
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_SUB_GROUPS_KHR)
      cl_int getSubGroupInfo(const cl::Device &dev, cl_kernel_sub_group_info name, const cl::NDRange &range, size_type* param) const
      {
          typedef clGetKernelSubGroupInfoKHR_fn PFN_clGetKernelSubGroupInfoKHR;
          static PFN_clGetKernelSubGroupInfoKHR pfn_clGetKernelSubGroupInfoKHR = NULL;
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_(clGetKernelSubGroupInfoKHR);
  
          return detail::errHandler(
              pfn_clGetKernelSubGroupInfoKHR(object_, dev(), name, range.size(), range.get(), sizeof(size_type), param, nullptr),
              __GET_KERNEL_ARG_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name>
          size_type getSubGroupInfo(const cl::Device &dev, const cl::NDRange &range, cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          size_type param;
          cl_int result = getSubGroupInfo(dev, name, range, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  #endif // #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_SUB_GROUPS_KHR)
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
      /*! \brief setArg overload taking a shared_ptr type
       */
      template<typename T, class D>
      cl_int setArg(cl_uint index, const cl::pointer<T, D> &argPtr)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelArgSVMPointer(object_, index, argPtr.get()),
              __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR);
      }
  
      /*! \brief setArg overload taking a vector type.
       */
      template<typename T, class Alloc>
      cl_int setArg(cl_uint index, const cl::vector<T, Alloc> &argPtr)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelArgSVMPointer(object_, index, argPtr.data()),
              __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR);
      }
  
      /*! \brief setArg overload taking a pointer type
       */
      template<typename T>
      typename std::enable_if<std::is_pointer<T>::value, cl_int>::type
          setArg(cl_uint index, const T argPtr)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelArgSVMPointer(object_, index, argPtr),
              __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR);
      }
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
      /*! \brief setArg overload taking a POD type
       */
      template <typename T>
      typename std::enable_if<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, cl_int>::type
          setArg(cl_uint index, const T &value)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelArg(
                  object_,
                  index,
                  detail::KernelArgumentHandler<T>::size(value),
                  detail::KernelArgumentHandler<T>::ptr(value)),
              __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR);
      }
  
      cl_int setArg(cl_uint index, size_type size, const void* argPtr)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelArg(object_, index, size, argPtr),
              __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR);
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
      /*!
       * Specify a vector of SVM pointers that the kernel may access in 
       * addition to its arguments.
       */
      cl_int setSVMPointers(const vector<void*> &pointerList)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelExecInfo(
                  object_,
                  CL_KERNEL_EXEC_INFO_SVM_PTRS,
                  sizeof(void*)*pointerList.size(),
                  pointerList.data()));
      }
  
      /*!
       * Specify a std::array of SVM pointers that the kernel may access in
       * addition to its arguments.
       */
      template<int ArrayLength>
      cl_int setSVMPointers(const std::array<void*, ArrayLength> &pointerList)
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelExecInfo(
                  object_,
                  CL_KERNEL_EXEC_INFO_SVM_PTRS,
                  sizeof(void*)*pointerList.size(),
                  pointerList.data()));
      }
  
      /*! \brief Enable fine-grained system SVM.
       *
       * \note It is only possible to enable fine-grained system SVM if all devices
       *       in the context associated with kernel support it.
       * 
       * \param svmEnabled True if fine-grained system SVM is requested. False otherwise.
       * \return CL_SUCCESS if the function was executed succesfully. CL_INVALID_OPERATION
       *         if no devices in the context support fine-grained system SVM.
       *
       * \see clSetKernelExecInfo
       */
      cl_int enableFineGrainedSystemSVM(bool svmEnabled)
      {
          cl_bool svmEnabled_ = svmEnabled ? CL_TRUE : CL_FALSE;
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelExecInfo(
                  object_,
                  CL_KERNEL_EXEC_INFO_SVM_FINE_GRAIN_SYSTEM,
                  sizeof(cl_bool),
                  &svmEnabled_
                  )
              );
      }
      
      template<int index, int ArrayLength, class D, typename T0, typename T1, typename... Ts>
      void setSVMPointersHelper(std::array<void*, ArrayLength> &pointerList, const pointer<T0, D> &t0, const pointer<T1, D> &t1, Ts & ... ts)
      {
          pointerList[index] = static_cast<void*>(t0.get());
          setSVMPointersHelper<index + 1, ArrayLength>(pointerList, t1, ts...);
      }
  
      template<int index, int ArrayLength, typename T0, typename T1, typename... Ts>
      typename std::enable_if<std::is_pointer<T0>::value, void>::type
      setSVMPointersHelper(std::array<void*, ArrayLength> &pointerList, T0 t0, T1 t1, Ts... ts)
      {
          pointerList[index] = static_cast<void*>(t0);
          setSVMPointersHelper<index + 1, ArrayLength>(pointerList, t1, ts...);
      }
  
      template<int index, int ArrayLength, typename T0, class D>
      void setSVMPointersHelper(std::array<void*, ArrayLength> &pointerList, const pointer<T0, D> &t0)
      {
          pointerList[index] = static_cast<void*>(t0.get());
      }
  
  
      template<int index, int ArrayLength, typename T0>
      typename std::enable_if<std::is_pointer<T0>::value, void>::type
      setSVMPointersHelper(std::array<void*, ArrayLength> &pointerList, T0 t0)
      {
          pointerList[index] = static_cast<void*>(t0);
      }
  
      template<typename T0, typename... Ts>
      cl_int setSVMPointers(const T0 &t0, Ts & ... ts)
      {
          std::array<void*, 1 + sizeof...(Ts)> pointerList;
  
          setSVMPointersHelper<0, 1 + sizeof...(Ts)>(pointerList, t0, ts...);
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clSetKernelExecInfo(
              object_,
              CL_KERNEL_EXEC_INFO_SVM_PTRS,
              sizeof(void*)*(1 + sizeof...(Ts)),
              pointerList.data()));
      }
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  };
  
  /*! \class Program
   * \brief Program interface that implements cl_program.
   */
  class Program : public detail::Wrapper<cl_program>
  {
  public:
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
      typedef vector<vector<unsigned char>> Binaries;
      typedef vector<string> Sources;
  #else // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
      typedef vector<std::pair<const void*, size_type> > Binaries;
      typedef vector<std::pair<const char*, size_type> > Sources;
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
      
      Program(
          const string& source,
          bool build = false,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          const char * strings = source.c_str();
          const size_type length  = source.size();
  
          Context context = Context::getDefault(err);
  
          object_ = ::clCreateProgramWithSource(
              context(), (cl_uint)1, &strings, &length, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_SOURCE_ERR);
  
          if (error == CL_SUCCESS && build) {
  
              error = ::clBuildProgram(
                  object_,
                  0,
                  NULL,
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_CL_1_2_DEFAULT_BUILD)
                  "-cl-std=CL2.0",
  #else
                  "",
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_CL_1_2_DEFAULT_BUILD)
                  NULL,
                  NULL);
  
              detail::buildErrHandler(error, __BUILD_PROGRAM_ERR, getBuildInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>());
          }
  
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      Program(
          const Context& context,
          const string& source,
          bool build = false,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          const char * strings = source.c_str();
          const size_type length  = source.size();
  
          object_ = ::clCreateProgramWithSource(
              context(), (cl_uint)1, &strings, &length, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_SOURCE_ERR);
  
          if (error == CL_SUCCESS && build) {
              error = ::clBuildProgram(
                  object_,
                  0,
                  NULL,
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_CL_1_2_DEFAULT_BUILD)
                  "-cl-std=CL2.0",
  #else
                  "",
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_CL_1_2_DEFAULT_BUILD)
                  NULL,
                  NULL);
              
              detail::buildErrHandler(error, __BUILD_PROGRAM_ERR, getBuildInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>());
          }
  
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Create a program from a vector of source strings and the default context.
       * Does not compile or link the program.
       */
      Program(
          const Sources& sources,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          Context context = Context::getDefault(err);
  
          const size_type n = (size_type)sources.size();
  
          vector<size_type> lengths(n);
          vector<const char*> strings(n);
  
          for (size_type i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
              strings[i] = sources[(int)i].data();
              lengths[i] = sources[(int)i].length();
  #else // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
              strings[i] = sources[(int)i].first;
              lengths[i] = sources[(int)i].second;
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
          }
  
          object_ = ::clCreateProgramWithSource(
              context(), (cl_uint)n, strings.data(), lengths.data(), &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_SOURCE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Create a program from a vector of source strings and a provided context.
       * Does not compile or link the program.
       */
      Program(
          const Context& context,
          const Sources& sources,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          const size_type n = (size_type)sources.size();
  
          vector<size_type> lengths(n);
          vector<const char*> strings(n);
  
          for (size_type i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
              strings[i] = sources[(int)i].data();
              lengths[i] = sources[(int)i].length();
  #else // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
              strings[i] = sources[(int)i].first;
              lengths[i] = sources[(int)i].second;
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
          }
  
          object_ = ::clCreateProgramWithSource(
              context(), (cl_uint)n, strings.data(), lengths.data(), &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_SOURCE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a program object from a list of devices and a per-device list of binaries.
       * \param context A valid OpenCL context in which to construct the program.
       * \param devices A vector of OpenCL device objects for which the program will be created.
       * \param binaries A vector of pairs of a pointer to a binary object and its length.
       * \param binaryStatus An optional vector that on completion will be resized to
       *   match the size of binaries and filled with values to specify if each binary
       *   was successfully loaded.
       *   Set to CL_SUCCESS if the binary was successfully loaded.
       *   Set to CL_INVALID_VALUE if the length is 0 or the binary pointer is NULL.
       *   Set to CL_INVALID_BINARY if the binary provided is not valid for the matching device.
       * \param err if non-NULL will be set to CL_SUCCESS on successful operation or one of the following errors:
       *   CL_INVALID_CONTEXT if context is not a valid context.
       *   CL_INVALID_VALUE if the length of devices is zero; or if the length of binaries does not match the length of devices; 
       *     or if any entry in binaries is NULL or has length 0.
       *   CL_INVALID_DEVICE if OpenCL devices listed in devices are not in the list of devices associated with context.
       *   CL_INVALID_BINARY if an invalid program binary was encountered for any device. binaryStatus will return specific status for each device.
       *   CL_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY if there is a failure to allocate resources required by the OpenCL implementation on the host.
       */
      Program(
          const Context& context,
          const vector<Device>& devices,
          const Binaries& binaries,
          vector<cl_int>* binaryStatus = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          
          const size_type numDevices = devices.size();
          
          // Catch size mismatch early and return
          if(binaries.size() != numDevices) {
              error = CL_INVALID_VALUE;
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BINARY_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
              return;
          }
  
  
          vector<size_type> lengths(numDevices);
          vector<const unsigned char*> images(numDevices);
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
          for (size_type i = 0; i < numDevices; ++i) {
              images[i] = binaries[i].data();
              lengths[i] = binaries[(int)i].size();
          }
  #else // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
          for (size_type i = 0; i < numDevices; ++i) {
              images[i] = (const unsigned char*)binaries[i].first;
              lengths[i] = binaries[(int)i].second;
          }
  #endif // #if !defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_PROGRAM_CONSTRUCTION_FROM_ARRAY_COMPATIBILITY)
          
          vector<cl_device_id> deviceIDs(numDevices);
          for( size_type deviceIndex = 0; deviceIndex < numDevices; ++deviceIndex ) {
              deviceIDs[deviceIndex] = (devices[deviceIndex])();
          }
  
          if(binaryStatus) {
              binaryStatus->resize(numDevices);
          }
          
          object_ = ::clCreateProgramWithBinary(
              context(), (cl_uint) devices.size(),
              deviceIDs.data(),
              lengths.data(), images.data(), (binaryStatus != NULL && numDevices > 0)
                 ? &binaryStatus->front()
                 : NULL, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BINARY_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      /**
       * Create program using builtin kernels.
       * \param kernelNames Semi-colon separated list of builtin kernel names
       */
      Program(
          const Context& context,
          const vector<Device>& devices,
          const string& kernelNames,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
  
          size_type numDevices = devices.size();
          vector<cl_device_id> deviceIDs(numDevices);
          for( size_type deviceIndex = 0; deviceIndex < numDevices; ++deviceIndex ) {
              deviceIDs[deviceIndex] = (devices[deviceIndex])();
          }
          
          object_ = ::clCreateProgramWithBuiltInKernels(
              context(), 
              (cl_uint) devices.size(),
              deviceIDs.data(),
              kernelNames.c_str(), 
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BUILT_IN_KERNELS_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
      Program() { }
      
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       */
      explicit Program(const cl_program& program, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(program, retainObject) { }
  
      Program& operator = (const cl_program& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Program(const Program& program) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(program) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Program& operator = (const Program &program)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(program);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Program(Program&& program) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(program)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      Program& operator = (Program &&program)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(program));
          return *this;
      }
  
      cl_int build(
          const vector<Device>& devices,
          const char* options = NULL,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(cl_program, void *) = NULL,
          void* data = NULL) const
      {
          size_type numDevices = devices.size();
          vector<cl_device_id> deviceIDs(numDevices);
          
          for( size_type deviceIndex = 0; deviceIndex < numDevices; ++deviceIndex ) {
              deviceIDs[deviceIndex] = (devices[deviceIndex])();
          }
  
          cl_int buildError = ::clBuildProgram(
              object_,
              (cl_uint)
              devices.size(),
              deviceIDs.data(),
              options,
              notifyFptr,
              data);
  
          return detail::buildErrHandler(buildError, __BUILD_PROGRAM_ERR, getBuildInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>());
      }
  
      cl_int build(
          const char* options = NULL,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(cl_program, void *) = NULL,
          void* data = NULL) const
      {
          cl_int buildError = ::clBuildProgram(
              object_,
              0,
              NULL,
              options,
              notifyFptr,
              data);
  
  
          return detail::buildErrHandler(buildError, __BUILD_PROGRAM_ERR, getBuildInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>());
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      cl_int compile(
          const char* options = NULL,
          void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(cl_program, void *) = NULL,
          void* data = NULL) const
      {
          cl_int error = ::clCompileProgram(
              object_,
              0,
              NULL,
              options,
              0,
              NULL,
              NULL,
              notifyFptr,
              data);
          return detail::buildErrHandler(error, __COMPILE_PROGRAM_ERR, getBuildInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG>());
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_program_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetProgramInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_PROGRAM_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_program_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_program_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getBuildInfo(
          const Device& device, cl_program_build_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(
                  &::clGetProgramBuildInfo, object_, device(), name, param),
                  __GET_PROGRAM_BUILD_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_program_build_info, name>::param_type
      getBuildInfo(const Device& device, cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_program_build_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getBuildInfo(device, name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
      
      /**
       * Build info function that returns a vector of device/info pairs for the specified 
       * info type and for all devices in the program.
       * On an error reading the info for any device, an empty vector of info will be returned.
       */
      template <cl_int name>
      vector<std::pair<cl::Device, typename detail::param_traits<detail::cl_program_build_info, name>::param_type>>
          getBuildInfo(cl_int *err = NULL) const
      {
          cl_int result = CL_SUCCESS;
  
          auto devs = getInfo<CL_PROGRAM_DEVICES>(&result);
          vector<std::pair<cl::Device, typename detail::param_traits<detail::cl_program_build_info, name>::param_type>>
              devInfo;
  
          // If there was an initial error from getInfo return the error
          if (result != CL_SUCCESS) {
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = result;
              }
              return devInfo;
          }
  
          for (const cl::Device &d : devs) {
              typename detail::param_traits<
                  detail::cl_program_build_info, name>::param_type param;
              result = getBuildInfo(d, name, &param);
              devInfo.push_back(
                  std::pair<cl::Device, typename detail::param_traits<detail::cl_program_build_info, name>::param_type>
                  (d, param));
              if (result != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  // On error, leave the loop and return the error code
                  break;
              }
          }
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          if (result != CL_SUCCESS) {
              devInfo.clear();
          }
          return devInfo;
      }
  
      cl_int createKernels(vector<Kernel>* kernels)
      {
          cl_uint numKernels;
          cl_int err = ::clCreateKernelsInProgram(object_, 0, NULL, &numKernels);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __CREATE_KERNELS_IN_PROGRAM_ERR);
          }
  
          vector<cl_kernel> value(numKernels);
          
          err = ::clCreateKernelsInProgram(
              object_, numKernels, value.data(), NULL);
          if (err != CL_SUCCESS) {
              return detail::errHandler(err, __CREATE_KERNELS_IN_PROGRAM_ERR);
          }
  
          if (kernels) {
              kernels->resize(value.size());
  
              // Assign to param, constructing with retain behaviour
              // to correctly capture each underlying CL object
              for (size_type i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
                  // We do not need to retain because this kernel is being created 
                  // by the runtime
                  (*kernels)[i] = Kernel(value[i], false);
              }
          }
          return CL_SUCCESS;
      }
  };
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  inline Program linkProgram(
      Program input1,
      Program input2,
      const char* options = NULL,
      void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(cl_program, void *) = NULL,
      void* data = NULL,
      cl_int* err = NULL) 
  {
      cl_int error_local = CL_SUCCESS;
  
      cl_program programs[2] = { input1(), input2() };
  
      Context ctx = input1.getInfo<CL_PROGRAM_CONTEXT>(&error_local);
      if(error_local!=CL_SUCCESS) {
          detail::errHandler(error_local, __LINK_PROGRAM_ERR);
      }
  
      cl_program prog = ::clLinkProgram(
          ctx(),
          0,
          NULL,
          options,
          2,
          programs,
          notifyFptr,
          data,
          &error_local);
  
      detail::errHandler(error_local,__COMPILE_PROGRAM_ERR);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error_local;
      }
  
      return Program(prog);
  }
  
  inline Program linkProgram(
      vector<Program> inputPrograms,
      const char* options = NULL,
      void (CL_CALLBACK * notifyFptr)(cl_program, void *) = NULL,
      void* data = NULL,
      cl_int* err = NULL) 
  {
      cl_int error_local = CL_SUCCESS;
  
      vector<cl_program> programs(inputPrograms.size());
  
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inputPrograms.size(); i++) {
          programs[i] = inputPrograms[i]();
      }
      
      Context ctx;
      if(inputPrograms.size() > 0) {
          ctx = inputPrograms[0].getInfo<CL_PROGRAM_CONTEXT>(&error_local);
          if(error_local!=CL_SUCCESS) {
              detail::errHandler(error_local, __LINK_PROGRAM_ERR);
          }
      }
      cl_program prog = ::clLinkProgram(
          ctx(),
          0,
          NULL,
          options,
          (cl_uint)inputPrograms.size(),
          programs.data(),
          notifyFptr,
          data,
          &error_local);
  
      detail::errHandler(error_local,__COMPILE_PROGRAM_ERR);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error_local;
      }
  
      return Program(prog, false);
  }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
  // Template specialization for CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES
  template <>
  inline cl_int cl::Program::getInfo(cl_program_info name, vector<vector<unsigned char>>* param) const
  {
      if (name != CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES) {
          return CL_INVALID_VALUE;
      }
      if (param) {
          // Resize the parameter array appropriately for each allocation
          // and pass down to the helper
  
          vector<size_type> sizes = getInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BINARY_SIZES>();
          size_type numBinaries = sizes.size();
  
          // Resize the parameter array and constituent arrays
          param->resize(numBinaries);
          for (size_type i = 0; i < numBinaries; ++i) {
              (*param)[i].resize(sizes[i]);
          }
  
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(&::clGetProgramInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_PROGRAM_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  template<>
  inline vector<vector<unsigned char>> cl::Program::getInfo<CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES>(cl_int* err) const
  {
      vector<vector<unsigned char>> binariesVectors;
  
      cl_int result = getInfo(CL_PROGRAM_BINARIES, &binariesVectors);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = result;
      }
      return binariesVectors;
  }
  
  inline Kernel::Kernel(const Program& program, const char* name, cl_int* err)
  {
      cl_int error;
  
      object_ = ::clCreateKernel(program(), name, &error);
      detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_KERNEL_ERR);
  
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error;
      }
  
  }
  
  enum class QueueProperties : cl_command_queue_properties
  {
      None = 0,
      Profiling = CL_QUEUE_PROFILING_ENABLE,
      OutOfOrder = CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE,
  };
  
  inline QueueProperties operator|(QueueProperties lhs, QueueProperties rhs)
  {
      return static_cast<QueueProperties>(static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(lhs) | static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(rhs));
  }
  
  /*! \class CommandQueue
   * \brief CommandQueue interface for cl_command_queue.
   */
  class CommandQueue : public detail::Wrapper<cl_command_queue>
  {
  private:
      static std::once_flag default_initialized_;
      static CommandQueue default_;
      static cl_int default_error_;
  
      /*! \brief Create the default command queue returned by @ref getDefault.
       *
       * It sets default_error_ to indicate success or failure. It does not throw
       * @c cl::Error.
       */
      static void makeDefault()
      {
          /* We don't want to throw an error from this function, so we have to
           * catch and set the error flag.
           */
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          try
  #endif
          {
              int error;
              Context context = Context::getDefault(&error);
  
              if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
                  default_error_ = error;
              }
              else {
                  Device device = Device::getDefault();
                  default_ = CommandQueue(context, device, 0, &default_error_);
              }
          }
  #if defined(CL_HPP_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
          catch (cl::Error &e) {
              default_error_ = e.err();
          }
  #endif
      }
  
      /*! \brief Create the default command queue.
       *
       * This sets @c default_. It does not throw
       * @c cl::Error.
       */
      static void makeDefaultProvided(const CommandQueue &c) {
          default_ = c;
      }
  
  public:
  #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
      /*! \brief Reset the default.
      *
      * This sets @c default_ to an empty value to support cleanup in
      * the unit test framework.
      * This function is not thread safe.
      */
      static void unitTestClearDefault() {
          default_ = CommandQueue();
      }
  #endif // #ifdef CL_HPP_UNIT_TEST_ENABLE
          
  
      /*!
       * \brief Constructs a CommandQueue based on passed properties.
       * Will return an CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES error if CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE is specified.
       */
     CommandQueue(
          cl_command_queue_properties properties,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          Context context = Context::getDefault(&error);
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
  
          if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
          else {
              Device device = context.getInfo<CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES>()[0];
              bool useWithProperties;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
              // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
              {
                  cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
                  useWithProperties = (version >= 0x20000); // OpenCL 2.0 or above
              }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
              useWithProperties = true;
  #else
              useWithProperties = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
              if (useWithProperties) {
                  cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
                      CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, properties, 0 };
                  if ((properties & CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE) == 0) {
                      object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                          context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
                  }
                  else {
                      error = CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES;
                  }
  
                  detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
                  if (err != NULL) {
                      *err = error;
                  }
              }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
              if (!useWithProperties) {
                  object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueue(
                      context(), device(), properties, &error);
  
                  detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
                  if (err != NULL) {
                      *err = error;
                  }
              }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          }
      }
  
     /*!
      * \brief Constructs a CommandQueue based on passed properties.
      * Will return an CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES error if CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE is specified.
      */
     CommandQueue(
         QueueProperties properties,
         cl_int* err = NULL)
     {
         cl_int error;
  
         Context context = Context::getDefault(&error);
         detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
  
         if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
             if (err != NULL) {
                 *err = error;
             }
         }
         else {
             Device device = context.getInfo<CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES>()[0];
             bool useWithProperties;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
             // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
             {
                 cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
                 useWithProperties = (version >= 0x20000); // OpenCL 2.0 or above
             }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
             useWithProperties = true;
  #else
             useWithProperties = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
             if (useWithProperties) {
                 cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
                     CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, static_cast<cl_queue_properties>(properties), 0 };
  
                 object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                     context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
  
                 detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
                 if (err != NULL) {
                     *err = error;
                 }
             }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
             if (!useWithProperties) {
                 object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueue(
                     context(), device(), static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(properties), &error);
  
                 detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
                 if (err != NULL) {
                     *err = error;
                 }
             }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
  
         }
     }
  
      /*!
       * \brief Constructs a CommandQueue for an implementation defined device in the given context
       * Will return an CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES error if CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE is specified.
       */
      explicit CommandQueue(
          const Context& context,
          cl_command_queue_properties properties = 0,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          bool useWithProperties;
          vector<cl::Device> devices;
          error = context.getInfo(CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES, &devices);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
  
          if (error != CL_SUCCESS)
          {
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
              return;
          }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
          {
              cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
              useWithProperties = (version >= 0x20000); // OpenCL 2.0 or above
          }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          useWithProperties = true;
  #else
          useWithProperties = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          if (useWithProperties) {
              cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
                  CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, properties, 0 };
              if ((properties & CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE) == 0) {
                  object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                      context(), devices[0](), queue_properties, &error);
              }
              else {
                  error = CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES;
              }
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          if (!useWithProperties) {
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueue(
                  context(), devices[0](), properties, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
      }
  
      /*!
      * \brief Constructs a CommandQueue for an implementation defined device in the given context
      * Will return an CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES error if CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE is specified.
      */
      explicit CommandQueue(
          const Context& context,
          QueueProperties properties,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          bool useWithProperties;
          vector<cl::Device> devices;
          error = context.getInfo(CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES, &devices);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR);
  
          if (error != CL_SUCCESS)
          {
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
              return;
          }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
          {
              cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
              useWithProperties = (version >= 0x20000); // OpenCL 2.0 or above
          }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          useWithProperties = true;
  #else
          useWithProperties = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          if (useWithProperties) {
              cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
                  CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, static_cast<cl_queue_properties>(properties), 0 };
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                  context(), devices[0](), queue_properties, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          if (!useWithProperties) {
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueue(
                  context(), devices[0](), static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(properties), &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
      }
  
      /*!
       * \brief Constructs a CommandQueue for a passed device and context
       * Will return an CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES error if CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE is specified.
       */
      CommandQueue(
          const Context& context,
          const Device& device,
          cl_command_queue_properties properties = 0,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          bool useWithProperties;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
          {
              cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
              useWithProperties = (version >= 0x20000); // OpenCL 2.0 or above
          }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          useWithProperties = true;
  #else
          useWithProperties = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          if (useWithProperties) {
              cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
                  CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, properties, 0 };
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                  context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          if (!useWithProperties) {
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueue(
                  context(), device(), properties, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
      }
  
      /*!
       * \brief Constructs a CommandQueue for a passed device and context
       * Will return an CL_INVALID_QUEUE_PROPERTIES error if CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE is specified.
       */
      CommandQueue(
          const Context& context,
          const Device& device,
          QueueProperties properties,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          bool useWithProperties;
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200 && CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          // Run-time decision based on the actual platform
          {
              cl_uint version = detail::getContextPlatformVersion(context());
              useWithProperties = (version >= 0x20000); // OpenCL 2.0 or above
          }
  #elif CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          useWithProperties = true;
  #else
          useWithProperties = false;
  #endif
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          if (useWithProperties) {
              cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
                  CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, static_cast<cl_queue_properties>(properties), 0 };
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                  context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  #if CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
          if (!useWithProperties) {
              object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueue(
                  context(), device(), static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(properties), &error);
  
              detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
              if (err != NULL) {
                  *err = error;
              }
          }
  #endif // CL_HPP_MINIMUM_OPENCL_VERSION < 200
      }
  
      static CommandQueue getDefault(cl_int * err = NULL) 
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefault);
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          detail::errHandler(default_error_, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
  #else // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          detail::errHandler(default_error_, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR);
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = default_error_;
          }
          return default_;
      }
  
      /**
       * Modify the default command queue to be used by
       * subsequent operations.
       * Will only set the default if no default was previously created.
       * @return updated default command queue.
       *         Should be compared to the passed value to ensure that it was updated.
       */
      static CommandQueue setDefault(const CommandQueue &default_queue)
      {
          std::call_once(default_initialized_, makeDefaultProvided, std::cref(default_queue));
          detail::errHandler(default_error_);
          return default_;
      }
  
      CommandQueue() { }
  
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_mem - takes ownership.
       *
       * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
       *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
       *                     earlier versions.
       */
      explicit CommandQueue(const cl_command_queue& commandQueue, bool retainObject = false) : 
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(commandQueue, retainObject) { }
  
      CommandQueue& operator = (const cl_command_queue& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      CommandQueue(const CommandQueue& queue) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(queue) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      CommandQueue& operator = (const CommandQueue &queue)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(queue);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      CommandQueue(CommandQueue&& queue) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(queue)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      CommandQueue& operator = (CommandQueue &&queue)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(queue));
          return *this;
      }
  
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_command_queue_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(
                  &::clGetCommandQueueInfo, object_, name, param),
                  __GET_COMMAND_QUEUE_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
      detail::param_traits<detail::cl_command_queue_info, name>::param_type
      getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_command_queue_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueReadBuffer(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          size_type offset,
          size_type size,
          void* ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueReadBuffer(
                  object_, buffer(), blocking, offset, size,
                  ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_READ_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueWriteBuffer(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          size_type offset,
          size_type size,
          const void* ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueWriteBuffer(
                  object_, buffer(), blocking, offset, size,
                  ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_WRITE_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueCopyBuffer(
          const Buffer& src,
          const Buffer& dst,
          size_type src_offset,
          size_type dst_offset,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueCopyBuffer(
                  object_, src(), dst(), src_offset, dst_offset, size,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQEUE_COPY_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
      cl_int enqueueReadBufferRect(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          const array<size_type, 3>& buffer_offset,
          const array<size_type, 3>& host_offset,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type buffer_row_pitch,
          size_type buffer_slice_pitch,
          size_type host_row_pitch,
          size_type host_slice_pitch,
          void *ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueReadBufferRect(
                  object_, 
                  buffer(), 
                  blocking,
                  buffer_offset.data(),
                  host_offset.data(),
                  region.data(),
                  buffer_row_pitch,
                  buffer_slice_pitch,
                  host_row_pitch,
                  host_slice_pitch,
                  ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_READ_BUFFER_RECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueWriteBufferRect(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          const array<size_type, 3>& buffer_offset,
          const array<size_type, 3>& host_offset,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type buffer_row_pitch,
          size_type buffer_slice_pitch,
          size_type host_row_pitch,
          size_type host_slice_pitch,
          const void *ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueWriteBufferRect(
                  object_, 
                  buffer(), 
                  blocking,
                  buffer_offset.data(),
                  host_offset.data(),
                  region.data(),
                  buffer_row_pitch,
                  buffer_slice_pitch,
                  host_row_pitch,
                  host_slice_pitch,
                  ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_WRITE_BUFFER_RECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueCopyBufferRect(
          const Buffer& src,
          const Buffer& dst,
          const array<size_type, 3>& src_origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& dst_origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type src_row_pitch,
          size_type src_slice_pitch,
          size_type dst_row_pitch,
          size_type dst_slice_pitch,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueCopyBufferRect(
                  object_, 
                  src(), 
                  dst(), 
                  src_origin.data(),
                  dst_origin.data(),
                  region.data(),
                  src_row_pitch,
                  src_slice_pitch,
                  dst_row_pitch,
                  dst_slice_pitch,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQEUE_COPY_BUFFER_RECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      /**
       * Enqueue a command to fill a buffer object with a pattern
       * of a given size. The pattern is specified as a vector type.
       * \tparam PatternType The datatype of the pattern field. 
       *     The pattern type must be an accepted OpenCL data type.
       * \tparam offset Is the offset in bytes into the buffer at 
       *     which to start filling. This must be a multiple of 
       *     the pattern size.
       * \tparam size Is the size in bytes of the region to fill.
       *     This must be a multiple of the pattern size.
       */
      template<typename PatternType>
      cl_int enqueueFillBuffer(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          PatternType pattern,
          size_type offset,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueFillBuffer(
                  object_, 
                  buffer(),
                  static_cast<void*>(&pattern),
                  sizeof(PatternType), 
                  offset, 
                  size,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_FILL_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
      cl_int enqueueReadImage(
          const Image& image,
          cl_bool blocking,
          const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type row_pitch,
          size_type slice_pitch,
          void* ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueReadImage(
                  object_, 
                  image(), 
                  blocking, 
                  origin.data(),
                  region.data(), 
                  row_pitch, 
                  slice_pitch, 
                  ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_READ_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueWriteImage(
          const Image& image,
          cl_bool blocking,
          const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type row_pitch,
          size_type slice_pitch,
          const void* ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueWriteImage(
                  object_, 
                  image(), 
                  blocking, 
                  origin.data(),
                  region.data(), 
                  row_pitch, 
                  slice_pitch, 
                  ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_WRITE_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueCopyImage(
          const Image& src,
          const Image& dst,
          const array<size_type, 3>& src_origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& dst_origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueCopyImage(
                  object_, 
                  src(), 
                  dst(), 
                  src_origin.data(),
                  dst_origin.data(), 
                  region.data(),
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_COPY_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      /**
       * Enqueue a command to fill an image object with a specified color.
       * \param fillColor is the color to use to fill the image.
       *     This is a four component RGBA floating-point color value if
       *     the image channel data type is not an unnormalized signed or
       *     unsigned data type.
       */
      cl_int enqueueFillImage(
          const Image& image,
          cl_float4 fillColor,
          const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueFillImage(
                  object_, 
                  image(),
                  static_cast<void*>(&fillColor), 
                  origin.data(),
                  region.data(),
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_FILL_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      /**
       * Enqueue a command to fill an image object with a specified color.
       * \param fillColor is the color to use to fill the image.
       *     This is a four component RGBA signed integer color value if
       *     the image channel data type is an unnormalized signed integer
       *     type.
       */
      cl_int enqueueFillImage(
          const Image& image,
          cl_int4 fillColor,
          const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueFillImage(
                  object_, 
                  image(),
                  static_cast<void*>(&fillColor), 
                  origin.data(),
                  region.data(),
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_FILL_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      /**
       * Enqueue a command to fill an image object with a specified color.
       * \param fillColor is the color to use to fill the image.
       *     This is a four component RGBA unsigned integer color value if
       *     the image channel data type is an unnormalized unsigned integer
       *     type.
       */
      cl_int enqueueFillImage(
          const Image& image,
          cl_uint4 fillColor,
          const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueFillImage(
                  object_, 
                  image(),
                  static_cast<void*>(&fillColor), 
                  origin.data(),
                  region.data(),
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
                  __ENQUEUE_FILL_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
      cl_int enqueueCopyImageToBuffer(
          const Image& src,
          const Buffer& dst,
          const array<size_type, 3>& src_origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type dst_offset,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueCopyImageToBuffer(
                  object_, 
                  src(), 
                  dst(), 
                  src_origin.data(),
                  region.data(), 
                  dst_offset,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_COPY_IMAGE_TO_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      cl_int enqueueCopyBufferToImage(
          const Buffer& src,
          const Image& dst,
          size_type src_offset,
          const array<size_type, 3>& dst_origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueCopyBufferToImage(
                  object_, 
                  src(), 
                  dst(), 
                  src_offset,
                  dst_origin.data(), 
                  region.data(),
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_COPY_BUFFER_TO_IMAGE_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      void* enqueueMapBuffer(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          cl_map_flags flags,
          size_type offset,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int error;
          void * result = ::clEnqueueMapBuffer(
              object_, buffer(), blocking, flags, offset, size,
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
          if (event != NULL && error == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return result;
      }
  
      void* enqueueMapImage(
          const Image& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          cl_map_flags flags,
          const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
          const array<size_type, 3>& region,
          size_type * row_pitch,
          size_type * slice_pitch,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int error;
          void * result = ::clEnqueueMapImage(
              object_, buffer(), blocking, flags,
              origin.data(), 
              region.data(),
              row_pitch, slice_pitch,
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL,
              &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_IMAGE_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
                *err = error;
          }
          if (event != NULL && error == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
          return result;
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
      /**
       * Enqueues a command that will allow the host to update a region of a coarse-grained SVM buffer.
       * This variant takes a raw SVM pointer.
       */
      template<typename T>
      cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
          T* ptr,
          cl_bool blocking,
          cl_map_flags flags,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(::clEnqueueSVMMap(
              object_, blocking, flags, static_cast<void*>(ptr), size,
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
  
      /**
       * Enqueues a command that will allow the host to update a region of a coarse-grained SVM buffer.
       * This variant takes a cl::pointer instance.
       */
      template<typename T, class D>
      cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
          cl::pointer<T, D> &ptr,
          cl_bool blocking,
          cl_map_flags flags,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(::clEnqueueSVMMap(
              object_, blocking, flags, static_cast<void*>(ptr.get()), size,
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      /**
       * Enqueues a command that will allow the host to update a region of a coarse-grained SVM buffer.
       * This variant takes a cl::vector instance.
       */
      template<typename T, class Alloc>
      cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
          cl::vector<T, Alloc> &container,
          cl_bool blocking,
          cl_map_flags flags,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(::clEnqueueSVMMap(
              object_, blocking, flags, static_cast<void*>(container.data()), container.size(),
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
      cl_int enqueueUnmapMemObject(
          const Memory& memory,
          void* mapped_ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueUnmapMemObject(
                  object_, memory(), mapped_ptr,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
      /**
       * Enqueues a command that will release a coarse-grained SVM buffer back to the OpenCL runtime.
       * This variant takes a raw SVM pointer.
       */
      template<typename T>
      cl_int enqueueUnmapSVM(
          T* ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueSVMUnmap(
              object_, static_cast<void*>(ptr),
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      /**
       * Enqueues a command that will release a coarse-grained SVM buffer back to the OpenCL runtime.
       * This variant takes a cl::pointer instance.
       */
      template<typename T, class D>
      cl_int enqueueUnmapSVM(
          cl::pointer<T, D> &ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueSVMUnmap(
              object_, static_cast<void*>(ptr.get()),
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      /**
       * Enqueues a command that will release a coarse-grained SVM buffer back to the OpenCL runtime.
       * This variant takes a cl::vector instance.
       */
      template<typename T, class Alloc>
      cl_int enqueueUnmapSVM(
          cl::vector<T, Alloc> &container,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueSVMUnmap(
              object_, static_cast<void*>(container.data()),
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
              (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
      /**
       * Enqueues a marker command which waits for either a list of events to complete, 
       * or all previously enqueued commands to complete.
       *
       * Enqueues a marker command which waits for either a list of events to complete, 
       * or if the list is empty it waits for all commands previously enqueued in command_queue 
       * to complete before it completes. This command returns an event which can be waited on, 
       * i.e. this event can be waited on to insure that all events either in the event_wait_list 
       * or all previously enqueued commands, queued before this command to command_queue, 
       * have completed.
       */
      cl_int enqueueMarkerWithWaitList(
          const vector<Event> *events = 0,
          Event *event = 0) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueMarkerWithWaitList(
                  object_,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_MARKER_WAIT_LIST_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      /**
       * A synchronization point that enqueues a barrier operation.
       *
       * Enqueues a barrier command which waits for either a list of events to complete, 
       * or if the list is empty it waits for all commands previously enqueued in command_queue 
       * to complete before it completes. This command blocks command execution, that is, any 
       * following commands enqueued after it do not execute until it completes. This command 
       * returns an event which can be waited on, i.e. this event can be waited on to insure that 
       * all events either in the event_wait_list or all previously enqueued commands, queued 
       * before this command to command_queue, have completed.
       */
      cl_int enqueueBarrierWithWaitList(
          const vector<Event> *events = 0,
          Event *event = 0) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueBarrierWithWaitList(
                  object_,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_BARRIER_WAIT_LIST_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
      
      /**
       * Enqueues a command to indicate with which device a set of memory objects
       * should be associated.
       */
      cl_int enqueueMigrateMemObjects(
          const vector<Memory> &memObjects,
          cl_mem_migration_flags flags,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL
          ) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          
          vector<cl_mem> localMemObjects(memObjects.size());
  
          for( int i = 0; i < (int)memObjects.size(); ++i ) {
              localMemObjects[i] = memObjects[i]();
          }
  
  
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueMigrateMemObjects(
                  object_, 
                  (cl_uint)memObjects.size(), 
                  localMemObjects.data(),
                  flags,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  
      cl_int enqueueNDRangeKernel(
          const Kernel& kernel,
          const NDRange& offset,
          const NDRange& global,
          const NDRange& local = NullRange,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(
                  object_, kernel(), (cl_uint) global.dimensions(),
                  offset.dimensions() != 0 ? (const size_type*) offset : NULL,
                  (const size_type*) global,
                  local.dimensions() != 0 ? (const size_type*) local : NULL,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_NDRANGE_KERNEL_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_2_APIS)
      CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED cl_int enqueueTask(
          const Kernel& kernel,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_2_DEPRECATED
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueTask(
                  object_, kernel(),
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_TASK_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif // #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_2_APIS)
  
      cl_int enqueueNativeKernel(
          void (CL_CALLBACK *userFptr)(void *),
          std::pair<void*, size_type> args,
          const vector<Memory>* mem_objects = NULL,
          const vector<const void*>* mem_locs = NULL,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          size_type elements = 0;
          if (mem_objects != NULL) {
              elements = mem_objects->size();
          }
          vector<cl_mem> mems(elements);
          for (unsigned int i = 0; i < elements; i++) {
              mems[i] = ((*mem_objects)[i])();
          }
          
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueNativeKernel(
                  object_, userFptr, args.first, args.second,
                  (mem_objects != NULL) ? (cl_uint) mem_objects->size() : 0,
                  mems.data(),
                  (mem_locs != NULL && mem_locs->size() > 0) ? (const void **) &mem_locs->front() : NULL,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_NATIVE_KERNEL);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
  /**
   * Deprecated APIs for 1.2
   */
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
      CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED 
      cl_int enqueueMarker(Event* event = NULL) const CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED
      {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueMarker(
                  object_, 
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_MARKER_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  
      CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED
      cl_int enqueueWaitForEvents(const vector<Event>& events) const CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueWaitForEvents(
                  object_,
                  (cl_uint) events.size(),
                  events.size() > 0 ? (const cl_event*) &events.front() : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR);
      }
  #endif // defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
  
      cl_int enqueueAcquireGLObjects(
           const vector<Memory>* mem_objects = NULL,
           const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
           Event* event = NULL) const
       {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
               ::clEnqueueAcquireGLObjects(
                   object_,
                   (mem_objects != NULL) ? (cl_uint) mem_objects->size() : 0,
                   (mem_objects != NULL && mem_objects->size() > 0) ? (const cl_mem *) &mem_objects->front(): NULL,
                   (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                   (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                   (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
               __ENQUEUE_ACQUIRE_GL_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
       }
  
      cl_int enqueueReleaseGLObjects(
           const vector<Memory>* mem_objects = NULL,
           const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
           Event* event = NULL) const
       {
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
               ::clEnqueueReleaseGLObjects(
                   object_,
                   (mem_objects != NULL) ? (cl_uint) mem_objects->size() : 0,
                   (mem_objects != NULL && mem_objects->size() > 0) ? (const cl_mem *) &mem_objects->front(): NULL,
                   (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                   (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                   (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
               __ENQUEUE_RELEASE_GL_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
       }
  
  #if defined (CL_HPP_USE_DX_INTEROP)
  typedef CL_API_ENTRY cl_int (CL_API_CALL *PFN_clEnqueueAcquireD3D10ObjectsKHR)(
      cl_command_queue command_queue, cl_uint num_objects,
      const cl_mem* mem_objects, cl_uint num_events_in_wait_list,
      const cl_event* event_wait_list, cl_event* event);
  typedef CL_API_ENTRY cl_int (CL_API_CALL *PFN_clEnqueueReleaseD3D10ObjectsKHR)(
      cl_command_queue command_queue, cl_uint num_objects,
      const cl_mem* mem_objects,  cl_uint num_events_in_wait_list,
      const cl_event* event_wait_list, cl_event* event);
  
      cl_int enqueueAcquireD3D10Objects(
           const vector<Memory>* mem_objects = NULL,
           const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
           Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          static PFN_clEnqueueAcquireD3D10ObjectsKHR pfn_clEnqueueAcquireD3D10ObjectsKHR = NULL;
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          cl_context context = getInfo<CL_QUEUE_CONTEXT>();
          cl::Device device(getInfo<CL_QUEUE_DEVICE>());
          cl_platform_id platform = device.getInfo<CL_DEVICE_PLATFORM>();
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_PLATFORM_(platform, clEnqueueAcquireD3D10ObjectsKHR);
  #endif
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_(clEnqueueAcquireD3D10ObjectsKHR);
  #endif
          
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
               pfn_clEnqueueAcquireD3D10ObjectsKHR(
                   object_,
                   (mem_objects != NULL) ? (cl_uint) mem_objects->size() : 0,
                   (mem_objects != NULL && mem_objects->size() > 0) ? (const cl_mem *) &mem_objects->front(): NULL,
                   (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                   (events != NULL) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                   (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
               __ENQUEUE_ACQUIRE_GL_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
       }
  
      cl_int enqueueReleaseD3D10Objects(
           const vector<Memory>* mem_objects = NULL,
           const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
           Event* event = NULL) const
      {
          static PFN_clEnqueueReleaseD3D10ObjectsKHR pfn_clEnqueueReleaseD3D10ObjectsKHR = NULL;
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
          cl_context context = getInfo<CL_QUEUE_CONTEXT>();
          cl::Device device(getInfo<CL_QUEUE_DEVICE>());
          cl_platform_id platform = device.getInfo<CL_DEVICE_PLATFORM>();
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_PLATFORM_(platform, clEnqueueReleaseD3D10ObjectsKHR);
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 120
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
          CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_(clEnqueueReleaseD3D10ObjectsKHR);
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  
          cl_event tmp;
          cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
              pfn_clEnqueueReleaseD3D10ObjectsKHR(
                  object_,
                  (mem_objects != NULL) ? (cl_uint) mem_objects->size() : 0,
                  (mem_objects != NULL && mem_objects->size() > 0) ? (const cl_mem *) &mem_objects->front(): NULL,
                  (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
                  (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
                  (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
              __ENQUEUE_RELEASE_GL_ERR);
  
          if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
              *event = tmp;
  
          return err;
      }
  #endif
  
  /**
   * Deprecated APIs for 1.2
   */
  #if defined(CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS)
      CL_EXT_PREFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED
      cl_int enqueueBarrier() const CL_EXT_SUFFIX__VERSION_1_1_DEPRECATED
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              ::clEnqueueBarrier(object_),
              __ENQUEUE_BARRIER_ERR);
      }
  #endif // CL_USE_DEPRECATED_OPENCL_1_1_APIS
  
      cl_int flush() const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(::clFlush(object_), __FLUSH_ERR);
      }
  
      cl_int finish() const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(::clFinish(object_), __FINISH_ERR);
      }
  }; // CommandQueue
  
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ std::once_flag CommandQueue::default_initialized_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ CommandQueue CommandQueue::default_;
  CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_ cl_int CommandQueue::default_error_ = CL_SUCCESS;
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  enum class DeviceQueueProperties : cl_command_queue_properties
  {
      None = 0,
      Profiling = CL_QUEUE_PROFILING_ENABLE,
  };
  
  inline DeviceQueueProperties operator|(DeviceQueueProperties lhs, DeviceQueueProperties rhs)
  {
      return static_cast<DeviceQueueProperties>(static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(lhs) | static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(rhs));
  }
  
  /*! \class DeviceCommandQueue
   * \brief DeviceCommandQueue interface for device cl_command_queues.
   */
  class DeviceCommandQueue : public detail::Wrapper<cl_command_queue>
  {
  public:
  
      /*!
       * Trivial empty constructor to create a null queue.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue() { }
  
      /*!
       * Default construct device command queue on default context and device
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue(DeviceQueueProperties properties, cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
          cl::Context context = cl::Context::getDefault();
          cl::Device device = cl::Device::getDefault();
  
          cl_command_queue_properties mergedProperties =
              CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE | static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(properties);
  
          cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
              CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, mergedProperties, 0 };
          object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
              context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*!
       * Create a device command queue for a specified device in the passed context.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue(
          const Context& context,
          const Device& device,
          DeviceQueueProperties properties = DeviceQueueProperties::None,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_command_queue_properties mergedProperties =
              CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE | static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(properties);
          cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
              CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, mergedProperties, 0 };
          object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
              context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*!
       * Create a device command queue for a specified device in the passed context.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue(
          const Context& context,
          const Device& device,
          cl_uint queueSize,
          DeviceQueueProperties properties = DeviceQueueProperties::None,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_command_queue_properties mergedProperties =
              CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE | static_cast<cl_command_queue_properties>(properties);
          cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
              CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, mergedProperties,
              CL_QUEUE_SIZE, queueSize, 
              0 };
          object_ = ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
              context(), device(), queue_properties, &error);
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  
      /*! \brief Constructor from cl_command_queue - takes ownership.
      *
      * \param retainObject will cause the constructor to retain its cl object.
      *                     Defaults to false to maintain compatibility with
      *                     earlier versions.
      */
      explicit DeviceCommandQueue(const cl_command_queue& commandQueue, bool retainObject = false) :
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(commandQueue, retainObject) { }
  
      DeviceCommandQueue& operator = (const cl_command_queue& rhs)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(rhs);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Copy constructor to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue(const DeviceCommandQueue& queue) : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(queue) {}
  
      /*! \brief Copy assignment to forward copy to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue& operator = (const DeviceCommandQueue &queue)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(queue);
          return *this;
      }
  
      /*! \brief Move constructor to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue(DeviceCommandQueue&& queue) CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_ : detail::Wrapper<cl_type>(std::move(queue)) {}
  
      /*! \brief Move assignment to forward move to the superclass correctly.
       * Required for MSVC.
       */
      DeviceCommandQueue& operator = (DeviceCommandQueue &&queue)
      {
          detail::Wrapper<cl_type>::operator=(std::move(queue));
          return *this;
      }
  
      template <typename T>
      cl_int getInfo(cl_command_queue_info name, T* param) const
      {
          return detail::errHandler(
              detail::getInfo(
              &::clGetCommandQueueInfo, object_, name, param),
              __GET_COMMAND_QUEUE_INFO_ERR);
      }
  
      template <cl_int name> typename
          detail::param_traits<detail::cl_command_queue_info, name>::param_type
          getInfo(cl_int* err = NULL) const
      {
          typename detail::param_traits<
              detail::cl_command_queue_info, name>::param_type param;
          cl_int result = getInfo(name, &param);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = result;
          }
          return param;
      }
  
      /*!
      * Create a new default device command queue for the default device,
      * in the default context and of the default size.
      * If there is already a default queue for the specified device this
      * function will return the pre-existing queue.
      */
      static DeviceCommandQueue makeDefault(
          cl_int *err = nullptr)
      {
          cl_int error;
          cl::Context context = cl::Context::getDefault();
          cl::Device device = cl::Device::getDefault();
  
          cl_command_queue_properties properties =
              CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE_DEFAULT;
          cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
              CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, properties,
              0 };
          DeviceCommandQueue deviceQueue(
              ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
              context(), device(), queue_properties, &error));
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
          return deviceQueue;
      }
  
      /*!
      * Create a new default device command queue for the specified device
      * and of the default size.
      * If there is already a default queue for the specified device this
      * function will return the pre-existing queue.
      */
      static DeviceCommandQueue makeDefault(
          const Context &context, const Device &device, cl_int *err = nullptr)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_command_queue_properties properties =
              CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE_DEFAULT;
          cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
              CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, properties,
              0 };
          DeviceCommandQueue deviceQueue(
              ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
              context(), device(), queue_properties, &error));
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
          return deviceQueue;
      }
  
      /*!
       * Create a new default device command queue for the specified device 
       * and of the requested size in bytes.
       * If there is already a default queue for the specified device this
       * function will return the pre-existing queue.
       */
      static DeviceCommandQueue makeDefault(
          const Context &context, const Device &device, cl_uint queueSize, cl_int *err = nullptr)
      {
          cl_int error;
  
          cl_command_queue_properties properties =
              CL_QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE | CL_QUEUE_ON_DEVICE_DEFAULT;
          cl_queue_properties queue_properties[] = {
              CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES, properties,
              CL_QUEUE_SIZE, queueSize,
              0 };
          DeviceCommandQueue deviceQueue(
              ::clCreateCommandQueueWithProperties(
                  context(), device(), queue_properties, &error));
  
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_WITH_PROPERTIES_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
          return deviceQueue;
      }
  }; // DeviceCommandQueue
  
  namespace detail
  {
      // Specialization for device command queue
      template <>
      struct KernelArgumentHandler<cl::DeviceCommandQueue, void>
      {
          static size_type size(const cl::DeviceCommandQueue&) { return sizeof(cl_command_queue); }
          static const cl_command_queue* ptr(const cl::DeviceCommandQueue& value) { return &(value()); }
      };
  } // namespace detail
  
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  
  template< typename IteratorType >
  Buffer::Buffer(
      const Context &context,
      IteratorType startIterator,
      IteratorType endIterator,
      bool readOnly,
      bool useHostPtr,
      cl_int* err)
  {
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type DataType;
      cl_int error;
  
      cl_mem_flags flags = 0;
      if( readOnly ) {
          flags |= CL_MEM_READ_ONLY;
      }
      else {
          flags |= CL_MEM_READ_WRITE;
      }
      if( useHostPtr ) {
          flags |= CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR;
      }
      
      size_type size = sizeof(DataType)*(endIterator - startIterator);
  
      if( useHostPtr ) {
          object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, static_cast<DataType*>(&*startIterator), &error);
      } else {
          object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, 0, &error);
      }
  
      detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error;
      }
  
      if( !useHostPtr ) {
          CommandQueue queue(context, 0, &error);
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
  
          error = cl::copy(queue, startIterator, endIterator, *this);
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  }
  
  template< typename IteratorType >
  Buffer::Buffer(
      const CommandQueue &queue,
      IteratorType startIterator,
      IteratorType endIterator,
      bool readOnly,
      bool useHostPtr,
      cl_int* err)
  {
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type DataType;
      cl_int error;
  
      cl_mem_flags flags = 0;
      if (readOnly) {
          flags |= CL_MEM_READ_ONLY;
      }
      else {
          flags |= CL_MEM_READ_WRITE;
      }
      if (useHostPtr) {
          flags |= CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR;
      }
  
      size_type size = sizeof(DataType)*(endIterator - startIterator);
  
      Context context = queue.getInfo<CL_QUEUE_CONTEXT>();
  
      if (useHostPtr) {
          object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, static_cast<DataType*>(&*startIterator), &error);
      }
      else {
          object_ = ::clCreateBuffer(context(), flags, size, 0, &error);
      }
  
      detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error;
      }
  
      if (!useHostPtr) {
          error = cl::copy(queue, startIterator, endIterator, *this);
          detail::errHandler(error, __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR);
          if (err != NULL) {
              *err = error;
          }
      }
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueReadBuffer(
      const Buffer& buffer,
      cl_bool blocking,
      size_type offset,
      size_type size,
      void* ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueReadBuffer(buffer, blocking, offset, size, ptr, events, event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueWriteBuffer(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          size_type offset,
          size_type size,
          const void* ptr,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueWriteBuffer(buffer, blocking, offset, size, ptr, events, event);
  }
  
  inline void* enqueueMapBuffer(
          const Buffer& buffer,
          cl_bool blocking,
          cl_map_flags flags,
          size_type offset,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL,
          cl_int* err = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error;
      }
  
      void * result = ::clEnqueueMapBuffer(
              queue(), buffer(), blocking, flags, offset, size,
              (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint) events->size() : 0,
              (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*) &events->front() : NULL,
              (cl_event*) event,
              &error);
  
      detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
      if (err != NULL) {
          *err = error;
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  /**
   * Enqueues to the default queue a command that will allow the host to
   * update a region of a coarse-grained SVM buffer.
   * This variant takes a raw SVM pointer.
   */
  template<typename T>
  inline cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
      T* ptr,
      cl_bool blocking,
      cl_map_flags flags,
      size_type size,
      const vector<Event>* events,
      Event* event)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueMapSVM(
          ptr, blocking, flags, size, events, event);
  }
  
  /**
   * Enqueues to the default queue a command that will allow the host to 
   * update a region of a coarse-grained SVM buffer.
   * This variant takes a cl::pointer instance.
   */
  template<typename T, class D>
  inline cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
      cl::pointer<T, D> ptr,
      cl_bool blocking,
      cl_map_flags flags,
      size_type size,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueMapSVM(
          ptr, blocking, flags, size, events, event);
  }
  
  /**
   * Enqueues to the default queue a command that will allow the host to
   * update a region of a coarse-grained SVM buffer.
   * This variant takes a cl::vector instance.
   */
  template<typename T, class Alloc>
  inline cl_int enqueueMapSVM(
      cl::vector<T, Alloc> container,
      cl_bool blocking,
      cl_map_flags flags,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueMapSVM(
          container, blocking, flags, events, event);
  }
  
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  inline cl_int enqueueUnmapMemObject(
      const Memory& memory,
      void* mapped_ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      cl_event tmp;
      cl_int err = detail::errHandler(
          ::clEnqueueUnmapMemObject(
          queue(), memory(), mapped_ptr,
          (events != NULL) ? (cl_uint)events->size() : 0,
          (events != NULL && events->size() > 0) ? (cl_event*)&events->front() : NULL,
          (event != NULL) ? &tmp : NULL),
          __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
      if (event != NULL && err == CL_SUCCESS)
          *event = tmp;
  
      return err;
  }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  /**
   * Enqueues to the default queue a command that will release a coarse-grained 
   * SVM buffer back to the OpenCL runtime.
   * This variant takes a raw SVM pointer.
   */
  template<typename T>
  inline cl_int enqueueUnmapSVM(
      T* ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
      }
  
      return detail::errHandler(queue.enqueueUnmapSVM(ptr, events, event), 
          __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  
  }
  
  /**
   * Enqueues to the default queue a command that will release a coarse-grained 
   * SVM buffer back to the OpenCL runtime.
   * This variant takes a cl::pointer instance.
   */
  template<typename T, class D>
  inline cl_int enqueueUnmapSVM(
      cl::pointer<T, D> &ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
      }
  
      return detail::errHandler(queue.enqueueUnmapSVM(ptr, events, event),
          __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  }
  
  /**
   * Enqueues to the default queue a command that will release a coarse-grained 
   * SVM buffer back to the OpenCL runtime.
   * This variant takes a cl::vector instance.
   */
  template<typename T, class Alloc>
  inline cl_int enqueueUnmapSVM(
      cl::vector<T, Alloc> &container,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return detail::errHandler(error, __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
      }
  
      return detail::errHandler(queue.enqueueUnmapSVM(container, events, event),
          __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR);
  }
  
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  inline cl_int enqueueCopyBuffer(
          const Buffer& src,
          const Buffer& dst,
          size_type src_offset,
          size_type dst_offset,
          size_type size,
          const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
          Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueCopyBuffer(src, dst, src_offset, dst_offset, size, events, event);
  }
  
  /**
   * Blocking copy operation between iterators and a buffer.
   * Host to Device.
   * Uses default command queue.
   */
  template< typename IteratorType >
  inline cl_int copy( IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator, cl::Buffer &buffer )
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS)
          return error;
  
      return cl::copy(queue, startIterator, endIterator, buffer);
  }
  
  /**
   * Blocking copy operation between iterators and a buffer.
   * Device to Host.
   * Uses default command queue.
   */
  template< typename IteratorType >
  inline cl_int copy( const cl::Buffer &buffer, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator )
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS)
          return error;
  
      return cl::copy(queue, buffer, startIterator, endIterator);
  }
  
  /**
   * Blocking copy operation between iterators and a buffer.
   * Host to Device.
   * Uses specified queue.
   */
  template< typename IteratorType >
  inline cl_int copy( const CommandQueue &queue, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator, cl::Buffer &buffer )
  {
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type DataType;
      cl_int error;
      
      size_type length = endIterator-startIterator;
      size_type byteLength = length*sizeof(DataType);
  
      DataType *pointer = 
          static_cast<DataType*>(queue.enqueueMapBuffer(buffer, CL_TRUE, CL_MAP_WRITE, 0, byteLength, 0, 0, &error));
      // if exceptions enabled, enqueueMapBuffer will throw
      if( error != CL_SUCCESS ) {
          return error;
      }
  #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      std::copy(
          startIterator, 
          endIterator, 
          stdext::checked_array_iterator<DataType*>(
              pointer, length));
  #else
      std::copy(startIterator, endIterator, pointer);
  #endif
      Event endEvent;
      error = queue.enqueueUnmapMemObject(buffer, pointer, 0, &endEvent);
      // if exceptions enabled, enqueueUnmapMemObject will throw
      if( error != CL_SUCCESS ) { 
          return error;
      }
      endEvent.wait();
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  /**
   * Blocking copy operation between iterators and a buffer.
   * Device to Host.
   * Uses specified queue.
   */
  template< typename IteratorType >
  inline cl_int copy( const CommandQueue &queue, const cl::Buffer &buffer, IteratorType startIterator, IteratorType endIterator )
  {
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type DataType;
      cl_int error;
          
      size_type length = endIterator-startIterator;
      size_type byteLength = length*sizeof(DataType);
  
      DataType *pointer = 
          static_cast<DataType*>(queue.enqueueMapBuffer(buffer, CL_TRUE, CL_MAP_READ, 0, byteLength, 0, 0, &error));
      // if exceptions enabled, enqueueMapBuffer will throw
      if( error != CL_SUCCESS ) {
          return error;
      }
      std::copy(pointer, pointer + length, startIterator);
      Event endEvent;
      error = queue.enqueueUnmapMemObject(buffer, pointer, 0, &endEvent);
      // if exceptions enabled, enqueueUnmapMemObject will throw
      if( error != CL_SUCCESS ) { 
          return error;
      }
      endEvent.wait();
      return CL_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  /**
   * Blocking SVM map operation - performs a blocking map underneath.
   */
  template<typename T, class Alloc>
  inline cl_int mapSVM(cl::vector<T, Alloc> &container)
  {
      return enqueueMapSVM(container, CL_TRUE, CL_MAP_READ | CL_MAP_WRITE);
  }
  
  /**
  * Blocking SVM map operation - performs a blocking map underneath.
  */
  template<typename T, class Alloc>
  inline cl_int unmapSVM(cl::vector<T, Alloc> &container)
  {
      return enqueueUnmapSVM(container);
  }
  
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  inline cl_int enqueueReadBufferRect(
      const Buffer& buffer,
      cl_bool blocking,
      const array<size_type, 3>& buffer_offset,
      const array<size_type, 3>& host_offset,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      size_type buffer_row_pitch,
      size_type buffer_slice_pitch,
      size_type host_row_pitch,
      size_type host_slice_pitch,
      void *ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueReadBufferRect(
          buffer, 
          blocking, 
          buffer_offset, 
          host_offset,
          region,
          buffer_row_pitch,
          buffer_slice_pitch,
          host_row_pitch,
          host_slice_pitch,
          ptr, 
          events, 
          event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueWriteBufferRect(
      const Buffer& buffer,
      cl_bool blocking,
      const array<size_type, 3>& buffer_offset,
      const array<size_type, 3>& host_offset,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      size_type buffer_row_pitch,
      size_type buffer_slice_pitch,
      size_type host_row_pitch,
      size_type host_slice_pitch,
      const void *ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueWriteBufferRect(
          buffer, 
          blocking, 
          buffer_offset, 
          host_offset,
          region,
          buffer_row_pitch,
          buffer_slice_pitch,
          host_row_pitch,
          host_slice_pitch,
          ptr, 
          events, 
          event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueCopyBufferRect(
      const Buffer& src,
      const Buffer& dst,
      const array<size_type, 3>& src_origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& dst_origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      size_type src_row_pitch,
      size_type src_slice_pitch,
      size_type dst_row_pitch,
      size_type dst_slice_pitch,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueCopyBufferRect(
          src,
          dst,
          src_origin,
          dst_origin,
          region,
          src_row_pitch,
          src_slice_pitch,
          dst_row_pitch,
          dst_slice_pitch,
          events, 
          event);
  }
  #endif // CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 110
  
  inline cl_int enqueueReadImage(
      const Image& image,
      cl_bool blocking,
      const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      size_type row_pitch,
      size_type slice_pitch,
      void* ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL) 
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueReadImage(
          image,
          blocking,
          origin,
          region,
          row_pitch,
          slice_pitch,
          ptr,
          events, 
          event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueWriteImage(
      const Image& image,
      cl_bool blocking,
      const array<size_type, 3>& origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      size_type row_pitch,
      size_type slice_pitch,
      const void* ptr,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueWriteImage(
          image,
          blocking,
          origin,
          region,
          row_pitch,
          slice_pitch,
          ptr,
          events, 
          event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueCopyImage(
      const Image& src,
      const Image& dst,
      const array<size_type, 3>& src_origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& dst_origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueCopyImage(
          src,
          dst,
          src_origin,
          dst_origin,
          region,
          events,
          event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueCopyImageToBuffer(
      const Image& src,
      const Buffer& dst,
      const array<size_type, 3>& src_origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      size_type dst_offset,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueCopyImageToBuffer(
          src,
          dst,
          src_origin,
          region,
          dst_offset,
          events,
          event);
  }
  
  inline cl_int enqueueCopyBufferToImage(
      const Buffer& src,
      const Image& dst,
      size_type src_offset,
      const array<size_type, 3>& dst_origin,
      const array<size_type, 3>& region,
      const vector<Event>* events = NULL,
      Event* event = NULL)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.enqueueCopyBufferToImage(
          src,
          dst,
          src_offset,
          dst_origin,
          region,
          events,
          event);
  }
  
  
  inline cl_int flush(void)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      }
  
      return queue.flush();
  }
  
  inline cl_int finish(void)
  {
      cl_int error;
      CommandQueue queue = CommandQueue::getDefault(&error);
  
      if (error != CL_SUCCESS) {
          return error;
      } 
  
  
      return queue.finish();
  }
  
  class EnqueueArgs
  {
  private:
      CommandQueue queue_;
      const NDRange offset_;
      const NDRange global_;
      const NDRange local_;
      vector<Event> events_;
  
      template<typename... Ts>
      friend class KernelFunctor;
  
  public:
      EnqueueArgs(NDRange global) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(NullRange)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(NDRange offset, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(offset), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(Event e, NDRange global) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(NullRange)
      {
          events_.push_back(e);
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(Event e, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
          events_.push_back(e);
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(Event e, NDRange offset, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(offset), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
          events_.push_back(e);
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(const vector<Event> &events, NDRange global) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(NullRange),
        events_(events)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(const vector<Event> &events, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local),
        events_(events)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(const vector<Event> &events, NDRange offset, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(CommandQueue::getDefault()),
        offset_(offset), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local),
        events_(events)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, NDRange global) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(NullRange)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, NDRange offset, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(offset), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, Event e, NDRange global) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(NullRange)
      {
          events_.push_back(e);
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, Event e, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
          events_.push_back(e);
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, Event e, NDRange offset, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(offset), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local)
      {
          events_.push_back(e);
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, const vector<Event> &events, NDRange global) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(NullRange),
        events_(events)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, const vector<Event> &events, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(NullRange), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local),
        events_(events)
      {
  
      }
  
      EnqueueArgs(CommandQueue &queue, const vector<Event> &events, NDRange offset, NDRange global, NDRange local) : 
        queue_(queue),
        offset_(offset), 
        global_(global),
        local_(local),
        events_(events)
      {
  
      }
  };
  
  
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  
  /**
   * Type safe kernel functor.
   * 
   */
  template<typename... Ts>
  class KernelFunctor
  {
  private:
      Kernel kernel_;
  
      template<int index, typename T0, typename... T1s>
      void setArgs(T0&& t0, T1s&&... t1s)
      {
          kernel_.setArg(index, t0);
          setArgs<index + 1, T1s...>(std::forward<T1s>(t1s)...);
      }
  
      template<int index, typename T0>
      void setArgs(T0&& t0)
      {
          kernel_.setArg(index, t0);
      }
  
      template<int index>
      void setArgs()
      {
      }
  
  
  public:
      KernelFunctor(Kernel kernel) : kernel_(kernel)
      {}
  
      KernelFunctor(
          const Program& program,
          const string name,
          cl_int * err = NULL) :
          kernel_(program, name.c_str(), err)
      {}
  
      //! \brief Return type of the functor
      typedef Event result_type;
  
      /**
       * Enqueue kernel.
       * @param args Launch parameters of the kernel.
       * @param t0... List of kernel arguments based on the template type of the functor.
       */
      Event operator() (
          const EnqueueArgs& args,
          Ts... ts)
      {
          Event event;
          setArgs<0>(std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
          
          args.queue_.enqueueNDRangeKernel(
              kernel_,
              args.offset_,
              args.global_,
              args.local_,
              &args.events_,
              &event);
  
          return event;
      }
  
      /**
      * Enqueue kernel with support for error code.
      * @param args Launch parameters of the kernel.
      * @param t0... List of kernel arguments based on the template type of the functor.
      * @param error Out parameter returning the error code from the execution.
      */
      Event operator() (
          const EnqueueArgs& args,
          Ts... ts,
          cl_int &error)
      {
          Event event;
          setArgs<0>(std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
  
          error = args.queue_.enqueueNDRangeKernel(
              kernel_,
              args.offset_,
              args.global_,
              args.local_,
              &args.events_,
              &event);
          
          return event;
      }
  
  #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
      cl_int setSVMPointers(const vector<void*> &pointerList)
      {
          return kernel_.setSVMPointers(pointerList);
      }
  
      template<typename T0, typename... T1s>
      cl_int setSVMPointers(const T0 &t0, T1s &... ts)
      {
          return kernel_.setSVMPointers(t0, ts...);
      }
  #endif // #if CL_HPP_TARGET_OPENCL_VERSION >= 200
  
      Kernel getKernel()
      {
          return kernel_;
      }
  };
  
  namespace compatibility {
      /**
       * Backward compatibility class to ensure that cl.hpp code works with cl2.hpp.
       * Please use KernelFunctor directly.
       */
      template<typename... Ts>
      struct make_kernel
      {
          typedef KernelFunctor<Ts...> FunctorType;
  
          FunctorType functor_;
  
          make_kernel(
              const Program& program,
              const string name,
              cl_int * err = NULL) :
              functor_(FunctorType(program, name, err))
          {}
  
          make_kernel(
              const Kernel kernel) :
              functor_(FunctorType(kernel))
          {}
  
          //! \brief Return type of the functor
          typedef Event result_type;
  
          //! \brief Function signature of kernel functor with no event dependency.
          typedef Event type_(
              const EnqueueArgs&,
              Ts...);
  
          Event operator()(
              const EnqueueArgs& enqueueArgs,
              Ts... args)
          {
              return functor_(
                  enqueueArgs, args...);
          }
      };
  } // namespace compatibility
  
  
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  #undef CL_HPP_ERR_STR_
  #if !defined(CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS)
  #undef __GET_DEVICE_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_PLATFORM_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_DEVICE_IDS_ERR
  #undef __GET_CONTEXT_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_EVENT_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_EVENT_PROFILE_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_MEM_OBJECT_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_IMAGE_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_SAMPLER_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_KERNEL_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_KERNEL_ARG_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_PROGRAM_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_PROGRAM_BUILD_INFO_ERR
  #undef __GET_COMMAND_QUEUE_INFO_ERR
  
  #undef __CREATE_CONTEXT_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_CONTEXT_FROM_TYPE_ERR
  #undef __GET_SUPPORTED_IMAGE_FORMATS_ERR
  
  #undef __CREATE_BUFFER_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_SUBBUFFER_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_IMAGE2D_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_IMAGE3D_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_SAMPLER_ERR
  #undef __SET_MEM_OBJECT_DESTRUCTOR_CALLBACK_ERR
  
  #undef __CREATE_USER_EVENT_ERR
  #undef __SET_USER_EVENT_STATUS_ERR
  #undef __SET_EVENT_CALLBACK_ERR
  #undef __SET_PRINTF_CALLBACK_ERR
  
  #undef __WAIT_FOR_EVENTS_ERR
  
  #undef __CREATE_KERNEL_ERR
  #undef __SET_KERNEL_ARGS_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_SOURCE_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BINARY_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_PROGRAM_WITH_BUILT_IN_KERNELS_ERR
  #undef __BUILD_PROGRAM_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_KERNELS_IN_PROGRAM_ERR
  
  #undef __CREATE_COMMAND_QUEUE_ERR
  #undef __SET_COMMAND_QUEUE_PROPERTY_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_READ_BUFFER_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_WRITE_BUFFER_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_READ_BUFFER_RECT_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_WRITE_BUFFER_RECT_ERR
  #undef __ENQEUE_COPY_BUFFER_ERR
  #undef __ENQEUE_COPY_BUFFER_RECT_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_READ_IMAGE_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_WRITE_IMAGE_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_COPY_IMAGE_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_COPY_IMAGE_TO_BUFFER_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_COPY_BUFFER_TO_IMAGE_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_MAP_BUFFER_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_MAP_IMAGE_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_UNMAP_MEM_OBJECT_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_NDRANGE_KERNEL_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_TASK_ERR
  #undef __ENQUEUE_NATIVE_KERNEL
  
  #undef __UNLOAD_COMPILER_ERR
  #undef __CREATE_SUB_DEVICES_ERR
  
  #undef __CREATE_PIPE_ERR
  #undef __GET_PIPE_INFO_ERR
  
  #endif //CL_HPP_USER_OVERRIDE_ERROR_STRINGS
  
  // Extensions
  #undef CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_
  #undef CL_HPP_INIT_CL_EXT_FCN_PTR_PLATFORM_
  
  #if defined(CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION)
  #undef CL_HPP_PARAM_NAME_DEVICE_FISSION_
  #endif // CL_HPP_USE_CL_DEVICE_FISSION
  
  #undef CL_HPP_NOEXCEPT_
  #undef CL_HPP_DEFINE_STATIC_MEMBER_
  
  } // namespace cl
  
  #endif // CL_HPP_
  