text: """
      pygments.lexers.perl
      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  
      Lexers for Perl, Raku and related languages.
  
      :copyright: Copyright 2006-2021 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
      :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  """
  
  import re
  
  from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, ExtendedRegexLexer, include, bygroups, \
      using, this, default, words
  from pygments.token import Text, Comment, Operator, Keyword, Name, String, \
      Number, Punctuation
  from pygments.util import shebang_matches
  
  __all__ = ['PerlLexer', 'Perl6Lexer']
  
  
  class PerlLexer(RegexLexer):
      """
      For `Perl <https://www.perl.org>`_ source code.
      """
  
      name = 'Perl'
      aliases = ['perl', 'pl']
      filenames = ['*.pl', '*.pm', '*.t', '*.perl']
      mimetypes = ['text/x-perl', 'application/x-perl']
  
      flags = re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE
      # TODO: give this to a perl guy who knows how to parse perl...
      tokens = {
          'balanced-regex': [
              (r'/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'!(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\!])*![egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'\{(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\}])*\}[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'<(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\>])*>[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'\[(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\\]])*\][egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'\((\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\)])*\)[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
              (r'\$(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\$])*\$[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
          ],
          'root': [
              (r'\A\#!.+?$', Comment.Hashbang),
              (r'\#.*?$', Comment.Single),
              (r'^=[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s+.*?\n=cut', Comment.Multiline),
              (words((
                  'case', 'continue', 'do', 'else', 'elsif', 'for', 'foreach',
                  'if', 'last', 'my', 'next', 'our', 'redo', 'reset', 'then',
                  'unless', 'until', 'while', 'print', 'new', 'BEGIN',
                  'CHECK', 'INIT', 'END', 'return'), suffix=r'\b'),
               Keyword),
              (r'(format)(\s+)(\w+)(\s*)(=)(\s*\n)',
               bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name, Text, Punctuation, Text), 'format'),
              (r'(eq|lt|gt|le|ge|ne|not|and|or|cmp)\b', Operator.Word),
              # common delimiters
              (r's/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[egimosx]*',
                  String.Regex),
              (r's!(\\\\|\\!|[^!])*!(\\\\|\\!|[^!])*![egimosx]*', String.Regex),
              (r's\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\[egimosx]*', String.Regex),
              (r's@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@[egimosx]*',
                  String.Regex),
              (r's%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%[egimosx]*',
                  String.Regex),
              # balanced delimiters
              (r's\{(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\}])*\}\s*', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
              (r's<(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\>])*>\s*', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
              (r's\[(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\\]])*\]\s*', String.Regex,
                  'balanced-regex'),
              (r's\((\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\)])*\)\s*', String.Regex,
                  'balanced-regex'),
  
              (r'm?/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/\n])*/[gcimosx]*', String.Regex),
              (r'm(?=[/!\\{<\[(@%$])', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
              (r'((?<==~)|(?<=\())\s*/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[gcimosx]*',
                  String.Regex),
              (r'\s+', Text),
              (words((
                  'abs', 'accept', 'alarm', 'atan2', 'bind', 'binmode', 'bless', 'caller', 'chdir',
                  'chmod', 'chomp', 'chop', 'chown', 'chr', 'chroot', 'close', 'closedir', 'connect',
                  'continue', 'cos', 'crypt', 'dbmclose', 'dbmopen', 'defined', 'delete', 'die',
                  'dump', 'each', 'endgrent', 'endhostent', 'endnetent', 'endprotoent',
                  'endpwent', 'endservent', 'eof', 'eval', 'exec', 'exists', 'exit', 'exp', 'fcntl',
                  'fileno', 'flock', 'fork', 'format', 'formline', 'getc', 'getgrent', 'getgrgid',
                  'getgrnam', 'gethostbyaddr', 'gethostbyname', 'gethostent', 'getlogin',
                  'getnetbyaddr', 'getnetbyname', 'getnetent', 'getpeername', 'getpgrp',
                  'getppid', 'getpriority', 'getprotobyname', 'getprotobynumber',
                  'getprotoent', 'getpwent', 'getpwnam', 'getpwuid', 'getservbyname',
                  'getservbyport', 'getservent', 'getsockname', 'getsockopt', 'glob', 'gmtime',
                  'goto', 'grep', 'hex', 'import', 'index', 'int', 'ioctl', 'join', 'keys', 'kill', 'last',
                  'lc', 'lcfirst', 'length', 'link', 'listen', 'local', 'localtime', 'log', 'lstat',
                  'map', 'mkdir', 'msgctl', 'msgget', 'msgrcv', 'msgsnd', 'my', 'next', 'oct', 'open',
                  'opendir', 'ord', 'our', 'pack', 'pipe', 'pop', 'pos', 'printf',
                  'prototype', 'push', 'quotemeta', 'rand', 'read', 'readdir',
                  'readline', 'readlink', 'readpipe', 'recv', 'redo', 'ref', 'rename',
                  'reverse', 'rewinddir', 'rindex', 'rmdir', 'scalar', 'seek', 'seekdir',
                  'select', 'semctl', 'semget', 'semop', 'send', 'setgrent', 'sethostent', 'setnetent',
                  'setpgrp', 'setpriority', 'setprotoent', 'setpwent', 'setservent',
                  'setsockopt', 'shift', 'shmctl', 'shmget', 'shmread', 'shmwrite', 'shutdown',
                  'sin', 'sleep', 'socket', 'socketpair', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'sprintf', 'sqrt',
                  'srand', 'stat', 'study', 'substr', 'symlink', 'syscall', 'sysopen', 'sysread',
                  'sysseek', 'system', 'syswrite', 'tell', 'telldir', 'tie', 'tied', 'time', 'times', 'tr',
                  'truncate', 'uc', 'ucfirst', 'umask', 'undef', 'unlink', 'unpack', 'unshift', 'untie',
                  'utime', 'values', 'vec', 'wait', 'waitpid', 'wantarray', 'warn', 'write'), suffix=r'\b'),
               Name.Builtin),
              (r'((__(DATA|DIE|WARN)__)|(STD(IN|OUT|ERR)))\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
              (r'(<<)([\'"]?)([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\2;?\n.*?\n)(\3)(\n)',
               bygroups(String, String, String.Delimiter, String, String.Delimiter, Text)),
              (r'__END__', Comment.Preproc, 'end-part'),
              (r'\$\^[ADEFHILMOPSTWX]', Name.Variable.Global),
              (r"\$[\\\"\[\]'&`+*.,;=%~?@$!<>(^|/-](?!\w)", Name.Variable.Global),
              (r'[$@%#]+', Name.Variable, 'varname'),
              (r'0_?[0-7]+(_[0-7]+)*', Number.Oct),
              (r'0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*', Number.Hex),
              (r'0b[01]+(_[01]+)*', Number.Bin),
              (r'(?i)(\d*(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*|\d+(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*)(e[+-]?\d+)?',
               Number.Float),
              (r'(?i)\d+(_\d*)*e[+-]?\d+(_\d*)*', Number.Float),
              (r'\d+(_\d+)*', Number.Integer),
              (r"'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String),
              (r'"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String),
              (r'`(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^`\\])*`', String.Backtick),
              (r'<([^\s>]+)>', String.Regex),
              (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\{', String.Other, 'cb-string'),
              (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\(', String.Other, 'rb-string'),
              (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\[', String.Other, 'sb-string'),
              (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\<', String.Other, 'lt-string'),
              (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)([\W_])(.|\n)*?\2', String.Other),
              (r'(package)(\s+)([a-zA-Z_]\w*(?:::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*)',
               bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name.Namespace)),
              (r'(use|require|no)(\s+)([a-zA-Z_]\w*(?:::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*)',
               bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name.Namespace)),
              (r'(sub)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
              (words((
                  'no', 'package', 'require', 'use'), suffix=r'\b'),
               Keyword),
              (r'(\[\]|\*\*|::|<<|>>|>=|<=>|<=|={3}|!=|=~|'
               r'!~|&&?|\|\||\.{1,3})', Operator),
              (r'[-+/*%=<>&^|!\\~]=?', Operator),
              (r'[()\[\]:;,<>/?{}]', Punctuation),  # yes, there's no shortage
                                                    # of punctuation in Perl!
              (r'(?=\w)', Name, 'name'),
          ],
          'format': [
              (r'\.\n', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
              (r'[^\n]*\n', String.Interpol),
          ],
          'varname': [
              (r'\s+', Text),
              (r'\{', Punctuation, '#pop'),    # hash syntax?
              (r'\)|,', Punctuation, '#pop'),  # argument specifier
              (r'\w+::', Name.Namespace),
              (r'[\w:]+', Name.Variable, '#pop'),
          ],
          'name': [
              (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*(::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*(::)?(?=\s*->)', Name.Namespace, '#pop'),
              (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*(::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*::', Name.Namespace, '#pop'),
              (r'[\w:]+', Name, '#pop'),
              (r'[A-Z_]+(?=\W)', Name.Constant, '#pop'),
              (r'(?=\W)', Text, '#pop'),
          ],
          'funcname': [
              (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*[!?]?', Name.Function),
              (r'\s+', Text),
              # argument declaration
              (r'(\([$@%]*\))(\s*)', bygroups(Punctuation, Text)),
              (r';', Punctuation, '#pop'),
              (r'.*?\{', Punctuation, '#pop'),
          ],
          'cb-string': [
              (r'\\[{}\\]', String.Other),
              (r'\\', String.Other),
              (r'\{', String.Other, 'cb-string'),
              (r'\}', String.Other, '#pop'),
              (r'[^{}\\]+', String.Other)
          ],
          'rb-string': [
              (r'\\[()\\]', String.Other),
              (r'\\', String.Other),
              (r'\(', String.Other, 'rb-string'),
              (r'\)', String.Other, '#pop'),
              (r'[^()]+', String.Other)
          ],
          'sb-string': [
              (r'\\[\[\]\\]', String.Other),
              (r'\\', String.Other),
              (r'\[', String.Other, 'sb-string'),
              (r'\]', String.Other, '#pop'),
              (r'[^\[\]]+', String.Other)
          ],
          'lt-string': [
              (r'\\[<>\\]', String.Other),
              (r'\\', String.Other),
              (r'\<', String.Other, 'lt-string'),
              (r'\>', String.Other, '#pop'),
              (r'[^<>]+', String.Other)
          ],
          'end-part': [
              (r'.+', Comment.Preproc, '#pop')
          ]
      }
  
      def analyse_text(text):
          if shebang_matches(text, r'perl'):
              return True
  
          result = 0
  
          if re.search(r'(?:my|our)\s+[$@%(]', text):
              result += 0.9
  
          if ':=' in text:
              # := is not valid Perl, but it appears in unicon, so we should
              # become less confident if we think we found Perl with :=
              result /= 2
  
          return result
  
  
  class Perl6Lexer(ExtendedRegexLexer):
      """
      For `Raku <https://www.raku.org>`_ (a.k.a. Perl 6) source code.
  
      .. versionadded:: 2.0
      """
  
      name = 'Perl6'
      aliases = ['perl6', 'pl6', 'raku']
      filenames = ['*.pl', '*.pm', '*.nqp', '*.p6', '*.6pl', '*.p6l', '*.pl6',
                   '*.6pm', '*.p6m', '*.pm6', '*.t', '*.raku', '*.rakumod',
                   '*.rakutest', '*.rakudoc']
      mimetypes = ['text/x-perl6', 'application/x-perl6']
      flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL | re.UNICODE
  
      PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE = r"['\w:-]"
  
      PERL6_KEYWORDS = (
          #Phasers
          'BEGIN','CATCH','CHECK','CLOSE','CONTROL','DOC','END','ENTER','FIRST',
          'INIT','KEEP','LAST','LEAVE','NEXT','POST','PRE','QUIT','UNDO',
          #Keywords
          'anon','augment','but','class','constant','default','does','else',
          'elsif','enum','for','gather','given','grammar','has','if','import',
          'is','let','loop','made','make','method','module','multi','my','need',
          'orwith','our','proceed','proto','repeat','require','return',
          'return-rw','returns','role','rule','state','sub','submethod','subset',
          'succeed','supersede','token','try','unit','unless','until','use',
          'when','while','with','without',
          #Traits
          'export','native','repr','required','rw','symbol',
      )
  
      PERL6_BUILTINS = (
          'ACCEPTS','abs','abs2rel','absolute','accept','accessed','acos',
          'acosec','acosech','acosh','acotan','acotanh','acquire','act','action',
          'actions','add','add_attribute','add_enum_value','add_fallback',
          'add_method','add_parent','add_private_method','add_role','add_trustee',
          'adverb','after','all','allocate','allof','allowed','alternative-names',
          'annotations','antipair','antipairs','any','anyof','app_lifetime',
          'append','arch','archname','args','arity','Array','asec','asech','asin',
          'asinh','ASSIGN-KEY','ASSIGN-POS','assuming','ast','at','atan','atan2',
          'atanh','AT-KEY','atomic-assign','atomic-dec-fetch','atomic-fetch',
          'atomic-fetch-add','atomic-fetch-dec','atomic-fetch-inc',
          'atomic-fetch-sub','atomic-inc-fetch','AT-POS','attributes','auth',
          'await','backtrace','Bag','BagHash','bail-out','base','basename',
          'base-repeating','batch','BIND-KEY','BIND-POS','bind-stderr',
          'bind-stdin','bind-stdout','bind-udp','bits','bless','block','Bool',
          'bool-only','bounds','break','Bridge','broken','BUILD','build-date',
          'bytes','cache','callframe','calling-package','CALL-ME','callsame',
          'callwith','can','cancel','candidates','cando','can-ok','canonpath',
          'caps','caption','Capture','cas','catdir','categorize','categorize-list',
          'catfile','catpath','cause','ceiling','cglobal','changed','Channel',
          'chars','chdir','child','child-name','child-typename','chmod','chomp',
          'chop','chr','chrs','chunks','cis','classify','classify-list','cleanup',
          'clone','close','closed','close-stdin','cmp-ok','code','codes','collate',
          'column','comb','combinations','command','comment','compiler','Complex',
          'compose','compose_type','composer','condition','config',
          'configure_destroy','configure_type_checking','conj','connect',
          'constraints','construct','contains','contents','copy','cos','cosec',
          'cosech','cosh','cotan','cotanh','count','count-only','cpu-cores',
          'cpu-usage','CREATE','create_type','cross','cue','curdir','curupdir','d',
          'Date','DateTime','day','daycount','day-of-month','day-of-week',
          'day-of-year','days-in-month','declaration','decode','decoder','deepmap',
          'default','defined','DEFINITE','delayed','DELETE-KEY','DELETE-POS',
          'denominator','desc','DESTROY','destroyers','devnull','diag',
          'did-you-mean','die','dies-ok','dir','dirname','dir-sep','DISTROnames',
          'do','does','does-ok','done','done-testing','duckmap','dynamic','e',
          'eager','earlier','elems','emit','enclosing','encode','encoder',
          'encoding','end','ends-with','enum_from_value','enum_value_list',
          'enum_values','enums','eof','EVAL','eval-dies-ok','EVALFILE',
          'eval-lives-ok','exception','excludes-max','excludes-min','EXISTS-KEY',
          'EXISTS-POS','exit','exitcode','exp','expected','explicitly-manage',
          'expmod','extension','f','fail','fails-like','fc','feature','file',
          'filename','find_method','find_method_qualified','finish','first','flat',
          'flatmap','flip','floor','flunk','flush','fmt','format','formatter',
          'freeze','from','from-list','from-loop','from-posix','full',
          'full-barrier','get','get_value','getc','gist','got','grab','grabpairs',
          'grep','handle','handled','handles','hardware','has_accessor','Hash',
          'head','headers','hh-mm-ss','hidden','hides','hour','how','hyper','id',
          'illegal','im','in','indent','index','indices','indir','infinite',
          'infix','infix:<+>','infix:<->','install_method_cache','Instant',
          'instead','Int','int-bounds','interval','in-timezone','invalid-str',
          'invert','invocant','IO','IO::Notification.watch-path','is_trusted',
          'is_type','isa','is-absolute','isa-ok','is-approx','is-deeply',
          'is-hidden','is-initial-thread','is-int','is-lazy','is-leap-year',
          'isNaN','isnt','is-prime','is-relative','is-routine','is-setting',
          'is-win','item','iterator','join','keep','kept','KERNELnames','key',
          'keyof','keys','kill','kv','kxxv','l','lang','last','lastcall','later',
          'lazy','lc','leading','level','like','line','lines','link','List',
          'listen','live','lives-ok','local','lock','log','log10','lookup','lsb',
          'made','MAIN','make','Map','match','max','maxpairs','merge','message',
          'method','method_table','methods','migrate','min','minmax','minpairs',
          'minute','misplaced','Mix','MixHash','mkdir','mode','modified','month',
          'move','mro','msb','multi','multiness','my','name','named','named_names',
          'narrow','nativecast','native-descriptor','nativesizeof','new','new_type',
          'new-from-daycount','new-from-pairs','next','nextcallee','next-handle',
          'nextsame','nextwith','NFC','NFD','NFKC','NFKD','nl-in','nl-out',
          'nodemap','nok','none','norm','not','note','now','nude','Num',
          'numerator','Numeric','of','offset','offset-in-hours','offset-in-minutes',
          'ok','old','on-close','one','on-switch','open','opened','operation',
          'optional','ord','ords','orig','os-error','osname','out-buffer','pack',
          'package','package-kind','package-name','packages','pair','pairs',
          'pairup','parameter','params','parent','parent-name','parents','parse',
          'parse-base','parsefile','parse-names','parts','pass','path','path-sep',
          'payload','peer-host','peer-port','periods','perl','permutations','phaser',
          'pick','pickpairs','pid','placeholder','plan','plus','polar','poll',
          'polymod','pop','pos','positional','posix','postfix','postmatch',
          'precomp-ext','precomp-target','pred','prefix','prematch','prepend',
          'print','printf','print-nl','print-to','private','private_method_table',
          'proc','produce','Promise','prompt','protect','pull-one','push',
          'push-all','push-at-least','push-exactly','push-until-lazy','put',
          'qualifier-type','quit','r','race','radix','rand','range','Rat','raw',
          're','read','readchars','readonly','ready','Real','reallocate','reals',
          'reason','rebless','receive','recv','redispatcher','redo','reduce',
          'rel2abs','relative','release','rename','repeated','replacement',
          'report','reserved','resolve','restore','result','resume','rethrow',
          'reverse','right','rindex','rmdir','role','roles_to_compose','rolish',
          'roll','rootdir','roots','rotate','rotor','round','roundrobin',
          'routine-type','run','rwx','s','samecase','samemark','samewith','say',
          'schedule-on','scheduler','scope','sec','sech','second','seek','self',
          'send','Set','set_hidden','set_name','set_package','set_rw','set_value',
          'SetHash','set-instruments','setup_finalization','shape','share','shell',
          'shift','sibling','sigil','sign','signal','signals','signature','sin',
          'sinh','sink','sink-all','skip','skip-at-least','skip-at-least-pull-one',
          'skip-one','skip-rest','sleep','sleep-timer','sleep-until','Slip','slurp',
          'slurp-rest','slurpy','snap','snapper','so','socket-host','socket-port',
          'sort','source','source-package','spawn','SPEC','splice','split',
          'splitdir','splitpath','sprintf','spurt','sqrt','squish','srand','stable',
          'start','started','starts-with','status','stderr','stdout','Str',
          'sub_signature','subbuf','subbuf-rw','subname','subparse','subst',
          'subst-mutate','substr','substr-eq','substr-rw','subtest','succ','sum',
          'Supply','symlink','t','tail','take','take-rw','tan','tanh','tap',
          'target','target-name','tc','tclc','tell','then','throttle','throw',
          'throws-like','timezone','tmpdir','to','today','todo','toggle','to-posix',
          'total','trailing','trans','tree','trim','trim-leading','trim-trailing',
          'truncate','truncated-to','trusts','try_acquire','trying','twigil','type',
          'type_captures','typename','uc','udp','uncaught_handler','unimatch',
          'uniname','uninames','uniparse','uniprop','uniprops','unique','unival',
          'univals','unlike','unlink','unlock','unpack','unpolar','unshift',
          'unwrap','updir','USAGE','use-ok','utc','val','value','values','VAR',
          'variable','verbose-config','version','VMnames','volume','vow','w','wait',
          'warn','watch','watch-path','week','weekday-of-month','week-number',
          'week-year','WHAT','when','WHERE','WHEREFORE','WHICH','WHO',
          'whole-second','WHY','wordcase','words','workaround','wrap','write',
          'write-to','x','yada','year','yield','yyyy-mm-dd','z','zip','zip-latest',
  
      )
  
      PERL6_BUILTIN_CLASSES = (
          #Booleans
          'False','True',
          #Classes
          'Any','Array','Associative','AST','atomicint','Attribute','Backtrace',
          'Backtrace::Frame','Bag','Baggy','BagHash','Blob','Block','Bool','Buf',
          'Callable','CallFrame','Cancellation','Capture','CArray','Channel','Code',
          'compiler','Complex','ComplexStr','Cool','CurrentThreadScheduler',
          'Cursor','Date','Dateish','DateTime','Distro','Duration','Encoding',
          'Exception','Failure','FatRat','Grammar','Hash','HyperWhatever','Instant',
          'Int','int16','int32','int64','int8','IntStr','IO','IO::ArgFiles',
          'IO::CatHandle','IO::Handle','IO::Notification','IO::Path',
          'IO::Path::Cygwin','IO::Path::QNX','IO::Path::Unix','IO::Path::Win32',
          'IO::Pipe','IO::Socket','IO::Socket::Async','IO::Socket::INET','IO::Spec',
          'IO::Spec::Cygwin','IO::Spec::QNX','IO::Spec::Unix','IO::Spec::Win32',
          'IO::Special','Iterable','Iterator','Junction','Kernel','Label','List',
          'Lock','Lock::Async','long','longlong','Macro','Map','Match',
          'Metamodel::AttributeContainer','Metamodel::C3MRO','Metamodel::ClassHOW',
          'Metamodel::EnumHOW','Metamodel::Finalization','Metamodel::MethodContainer',
          'Metamodel::MROBasedMethodDispatch','Metamodel::MultipleInheritance',
          'Metamodel::Naming','Metamodel::Primitives','Metamodel::PrivateMethodContainer',
          'Metamodel::RoleContainer','Metamodel::Trusting','Method','Mix','MixHash',
          'Mixy','Mu','NFC','NFD','NFKC','NFKD','Nil','Num','num32','num64',
          'Numeric','NumStr','ObjAt','Order','Pair','Parameter','Perl','Pod::Block',
          'Pod::Block::Code','Pod::Block::Comment','Pod::Block::Declarator',
          'Pod::Block::Named','Pod::Block::Para','Pod::Block::Table','Pod::Heading',
          'Pod::Item','Pointer','Positional','PositionalBindFailover','Proc',
          'Proc::Async','Promise','Proxy','PseudoStash','QuantHash','Range','Rat',
          'Rational','RatStr','Real','Regex','Routine','Scalar','Scheduler',
          'Semaphore','Seq','Set','SetHash','Setty','Signature','size_t','Slip',
          'Stash','Str','StrDistance','Stringy','Sub','Submethod','Supplier',
          'Supplier::Preserving','Supply','Systemic','Tap','Telemetry',
          'Telemetry::Instrument::Thread','Telemetry::Instrument::Usage',
          'Telemetry::Period','Telemetry::Sampler','Thread','ThreadPoolScheduler',
          'UInt','uint16','uint32','uint64','uint8','Uni','utf8','Variable',
          'Version','VM','Whatever','WhateverCode','WrapHandle'
      )
  
      PERL6_OPERATORS = (
          'X', 'Z', 'after', 'also', 'and', 'andthen', 'before', 'cmp', 'div',
          'eq', 'eqv', 'extra', 'ff', 'fff', 'ge', 'gt', 'le', 'leg', 'lt', 'm',
          'mm', 'mod', 'ne', 'or', 'orelse', 'rx', 's', 'tr', 'x', 'xor', 'xx',
          '++', '--', '**', '!', '+', '-', '~', '?', '|', '||', '+^', '~^', '?^',
          '^', '*', '/', '%', '%%', '+&', '+<', '+>', '~&', '~<', '~>', '?&',
          'gcd', 'lcm', '+', '-', '+|', '+^', '~|', '~^', '?|', '?^',
          '~', '&', '^', 'but', 'does', '<=>', '..', '..^', '^..', '^..^',
          '!=', '==', '<', '<=', '>', '>=', '~~', '===', '!eqv',
          '&&', '||', '^^', '//', 'min', 'max', '??', '!!', 'ff', 'fff', 'so',
          'not', '<==', '==>', '<<==', '==>>','unicmp',
      )
  
      # Perl 6 has a *lot* of possible bracketing characters
      # this list was lifted from STD.pm6 (https://github.com/perl6/std)
      PERL6_BRACKETS = {
          '\u0028': '\u0029', '\u003c': '\u003e', '\u005b': '\u005d',
          '\u007b': '\u007d', '\u00ab': '\u00bb', '\u0f3a': '\u0f3b',
          '\u0f3c': '\u0f3d', '\u169b': '\u169c', '\u2018': '\u2019',
          '\u201a': '\u2019', '\u201b': '\u2019', '\u201c': '\u201d',
          '\u201e': '\u201d', '\u201f': '\u201d', '\u2039': '\u203a',
          '\u2045': '\u2046', '\u207d': '\u207e', '\u208d': '\u208e',
          '\u2208': '\u220b', '\u2209': '\u220c', '\u220a': '\u220d',
          '\u2215': '\u29f5', '\u223c': '\u223d', '\u2243': '\u22cd',
          '\u2252': '\u2253', '\u2254': '\u2255', '\u2264': '\u2265',
          '\u2266': '\u2267', '\u2268': '\u2269', '\u226a': '\u226b',
          '\u226e': '\u226f', '\u2270': '\u2271', '\u2272': '\u2273',
          '\u2274': '\u2275', '\u2276': '\u2277', '\u2278': '\u2279',
          '\u227a': '\u227b', '\u227c': '\u227d', '\u227e': '\u227f',
          '\u2280': '\u2281', '\u2282': '\u2283', '\u2284': '\u2285',
          '\u2286': '\u2287', '\u2288': '\u2289', '\u228a': '\u228b',
          '\u228f': '\u2290', '\u2291': '\u2292', '\u2298': '\u29b8',
          '\u22a2': '\u22a3', '\u22a6': '\u2ade', '\u22a8': '\u2ae4',
          '\u22a9': '\u2ae3', '\u22ab': '\u2ae5', '\u22b0': '\u22b1',
          '\u22b2': '\u22b3', '\u22b4': '\u22b5', '\u22b6': '\u22b7',
          '\u22c9': '\u22ca', '\u22cb': '\u22cc', '\u22d0': '\u22d1',
          '\u22d6': '\u22d7', '\u22d8': '\u22d9', '\u22da': '\u22db',
          '\u22dc': '\u22dd', '\u22de': '\u22df', '\u22e0': '\u22e1',
          '\u22e2': '\u22e3', '\u22e4': '\u22e5', '\u22e6': '\u22e7',
          '\u22e8': '\u22e9', '\u22ea': '\u22eb', '\u22ec': '\u22ed',
          '\u22f0': '\u22f1', '\u22f2': '\u22fa', '\u22f3': '\u22fb',
          '\u22f4': '\u22fc', '\u22f6': '\u22fd', '\u22f7': '\u22fe',
          '\u2308': '\u2309', '\u230a': '\u230b', '\u2329': '\u232a',
          '\u23b4': '\u23b5', '\u2768': '\u2769', '\u276a': '\u276b',
          '\u276c': '\u276d', '\u276e': '\u276f', '\u2770': '\u2771',
          '\u2772': '\u2773', '\u2774': '\u2775', '\u27c3': '\u27c4',
          '\u27c5': '\u27c6', '\u27d5': '\u27d6', '\u27dd': '\u27de',
          '\u27e2': '\u27e3', '\u27e4': '\u27e5', '\u27e6': '\u27e7',
          '\u27e8': '\u27e9', '\u27ea': '\u27eb', '\u2983': '\u2984',
          '\u2985': '\u2986', '\u2987': '\u2988', '\u2989': '\u298a',
          '\u298b': '\u298c', '\u298d': '\u298e', '\u298f': '\u2990',
          '\u2991': '\u2992', '\u2993': '\u2994', '\u2995': '\u2996',
          '\u2997': '\u2998', '\u29c0': '\u29c1', '\u29c4': '\u29c5',
          '\u29cf': '\u29d0', '\u29d1': '\u29d2', '\u29d4': '\u29d5',
          '\u29d8': '\u29d9', '\u29da': '\u29db', '\u29f8': '\u29f9',
          '\u29fc': '\u29fd', '\u2a2b': '\u2a2c', '\u2a2d': '\u2a2e',
          '\u2a34': '\u2a35', '\u2a3c': '\u2a3d', '\u2a64': '\u2a65',
          '\u2a79': '\u2a7a', '\u2a7d': '\u2a7e', '\u2a7f': '\u2a80',
          '\u2a81': '\u2a82', '\u2a83': '\u2a84', '\u2a8b': '\u2a8c',
          '\u2a91': '\u2a92', '\u2a93': '\u2a94', '\u2a95': '\u2a96',
          '\u2a97': '\u2a98', '\u2a99': '\u2a9a', '\u2a9b': '\u2a9c',
          '\u2aa1': '\u2aa2', '\u2aa6': '\u2aa7', '\u2aa8': '\u2aa9',
          '\u2aaa': '\u2aab', '\u2aac': '\u2aad', '\u2aaf': '\u2ab0',
          '\u2ab3': '\u2ab4', '\u2abb': '\u2abc', '\u2abd': '\u2abe',
          '\u2abf': '\u2ac0', '\u2ac1': '\u2ac2', '\u2ac3': '\u2ac4',
          '\u2ac5': '\u2ac6', '\u2acd': '\u2ace', '\u2acf': '\u2ad0',
          '\u2ad1': '\u2ad2', '\u2ad3': '\u2ad4', '\u2ad5': '\u2ad6',
          '\u2aec': '\u2aed', '\u2af7': '\u2af8', '\u2af9': '\u2afa',
          '\u2e02': '\u2e03', '\u2e04': '\u2e05', '\u2e09': '\u2e0a',
          '\u2e0c': '\u2e0d', '\u2e1c': '\u2e1d', '\u2e20': '\u2e21',
          '\u3008': '\u3009', '\u300a': '\u300b', '\u300c': '\u300d',
          '\u300e': '\u300f', '\u3010': '\u3011', '\u3014': '\u3015',
          '\u3016': '\u3017', '\u3018': '\u3019', '\u301a': '\u301b',
          '\u301d': '\u301e', '\ufd3e': '\ufd3f', '\ufe17': '\ufe18',
          '\ufe35': '\ufe36', '\ufe37': '\ufe38', '\ufe39': '\ufe3a',
          '\ufe3b': '\ufe3c', '\ufe3d': '\ufe3e', '\ufe3f': '\ufe40',
          '\ufe41': '\ufe42', '\ufe43': '\ufe44', '\ufe47': '\ufe48',
          '\ufe59': '\ufe5a', '\ufe5b': '\ufe5c', '\ufe5d': '\ufe5e',
          '\uff08': '\uff09', '\uff1c': '\uff1e', '\uff3b': '\uff3d',
          '\uff5b': '\uff5d', '\uff5f': '\uff60', '\uff62': '\uff63',
      }
  
      def _build_word_match(words, boundary_regex_fragment=None, prefix='', suffix=''):
          if boundary_regex_fragment is None:
              return r'\b(' + prefix + r'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in words) + \
                  suffix + r')\b'
          else:
              return r'(?<!' + boundary_regex_fragment + r')' + prefix + r'(' + \
                  r'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in words) + r')' + suffix + r'(?!' + \
                  boundary_regex_fragment + r')'
  
      def brackets_callback(token_class):
          def callback(lexer, match, context):
              groups = match
              opening_chars = groups['delimiter']
              n_chars = len(opening_chars)
              adverbs = groups.get('adverbs')
  
              closer = Perl6Lexer.PERL6_BRACKETS.get(opening_chars[0])
              text = context.text
  
              if closer is None:  # it's not a mirrored character, which means we
                                  # just need to look for the next occurrence
  
                  end_pos = text.find(opening_chars, match.start('delimiter') + n_chars)
              else:   # we need to look for the corresponding closing character,
                      # keep nesting in mind
                  closing_chars = closer * n_chars
                  nesting_level = 1
  
                  search_pos = match.start('delimiter')
  
                  while nesting_level > 0:
                      next_open_pos = text.find(opening_chars, search_pos + n_chars)
                      next_close_pos = text.find(closing_chars, search_pos + n_chars)
  
                      if next_close_pos == -1:
                          next_close_pos = len(text)
                          nesting_level = 0
                      elif next_open_pos != -1 and next_open_pos < next_close_pos:
                          nesting_level += 1
                          search_pos = next_open_pos
                      else:  # next_close_pos < next_open_pos
                          nesting_level -= 1
                          search_pos = next_close_pos
  
                  end_pos = next_close_pos
  
              if end_pos < 0:     # if we didn't find a closer, just highlight the
                                  # rest of the text in this class
                  end_pos = len(text)
  
              if adverbs is not None and re.search(r':to\b', adverbs):
                  heredoc_terminator = text[match.start('delimiter') + n_chars:end_pos]
                  end_heredoc = re.search(r'^\s*' + re.escape(heredoc_terminator) +
                                          r'\s*$', text[end_pos:], re.MULTILINE)
  
                  if end_heredoc:
                      end_pos += end_heredoc.end()
                  else:
                      end_pos = len(text)
  
              yield match.start(), token_class, text[match.start():end_pos + n_chars]
              context.pos = end_pos + n_chars
  
          return callback
  
      def opening_brace_callback(lexer, match, context):
          stack = context.stack
  
          yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
          context.pos = match.end()
  
          # if we encounter an opening brace and we're one level
          # below a token state, it means we need to increment
          # the nesting level for braces so we know later when
          # we should return to the token rules.
          if len(stack) > 2 and stack[-2] == 'token':
              context.perl6_token_nesting_level += 1
  
      def closing_brace_callback(lexer, match, context):
          stack = context.stack
  
          yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
          context.pos = match.end()
  
          # if we encounter a free closing brace and we're one level
          # below a token state, it means we need to check the nesting
          # level to see if we need to return to the token state.
          if len(stack) > 2 and stack[-2] == 'token':
              context.perl6_token_nesting_level -= 1
              if context.perl6_token_nesting_level == 0:
                  stack.pop()
  
      def embedded_perl6_callback(lexer, match, context):
          context.perl6_token_nesting_level = 1
          yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
          context.pos = match.end()
          context.stack.append('root')
  
      # If you're modifying these rules, be careful if you need to process '{' or '}'
      # characters. We have special logic for processing these characters (due to the fact
      # that you can nest Perl 6 code in regex blocks), so if you need to process one of
      # them, make sure you also process the corresponding one!
      tokens = {
          'common': [
              (r'#[`|=](?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[' + ''.join(PERL6_BRACKETS) + r'])(?P=first_char)*)',
               brackets_callback(Comment.Multiline)),
              (r'#[^\n]*$', Comment.Single),
              (r'^(\s*)=begin\s+(\w+)\b.*?^\1=end\s+\2', Comment.Multiline),
              (r'^(\s*)=for.*?\n\s*?\n', Comment.Multiline),
              (r'^=.*?\n\s*?\n', Comment.Multiline),
              (r'(regex|token|rule)(\s*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+:sym)',
               bygroups(Keyword, Name), 'token-sym-brackets'),
              (r'(regex|token|rule)(?!' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + r')(\s*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+)?',
               bygroups(Keyword, Name), 'pre-token'),
              # deal with a special case in the Perl 6 grammar (role q { ... })
              (r'(role)(\s+)(q)(\s*)', bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name, Text)),
              (_build_word_match(PERL6_KEYWORDS, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE), Keyword),
              (_build_word_match(PERL6_BUILTIN_CLASSES, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE, suffix='(?::[UD])?'),
               Name.Builtin),
              (_build_word_match(PERL6_BUILTINS, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE), Name.Builtin),
              # copied from PerlLexer
              (r'[$@%&][.^:?=!~]?' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+(?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*',
               Name.Variable),
              (r'\$[!/](?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*', Name.Variable.Global),
              (r'::\?\w+', Name.Variable.Global),
              (r'[$@%&]\*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+(?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*',
               Name.Variable.Global),
              (r'\$(?:<.*?>)+', Name.Variable),
              (r'(?:q|qq|Q)[a-zA-Z]?\s*(?P<adverbs>:[\w\s:]+)?\s*(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[^0-9a-zA-Z:\s])'
               r'(?P=first_char)*)', brackets_callback(String)),
              # copied from PerlLexer
              (r'0_?[0-7]+(_[0-7]+)*', Number.Oct),
              (r'0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*', Number.Hex),
              (r'0b[01]+(_[01]+)*', Number.Bin),
              (r'(?i)(\d*(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*|\d+(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*)(e[+-]?\d+)?',
               Number.Float),
              (r'(?i)\d+(_\d*)*e[+-]?\d+(_\d*)*', Number.Float),
              (r'\d+(_\d+)*', Number.Integer),
              (r'(?<=~~)\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/', String.Regex),
              (r'(?<=[=(,])\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/', String.Regex),
              (r'm\w+(?=\()', Name),
              (r'(?:m|ms|rx)\s*(?P<adverbs>:[\w\s:]+)?\s*(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[^\w:\s])'
               r'(?P=first_char)*)', brackets_callback(String.Regex)),
              (r'(?:s|ss|tr)\s*(?::[\w\s:]+)?\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/',
               String.Regex),
              (r'<[^\s=].*?\S>', String),
              (_build_word_match(PERL6_OPERATORS), Operator),
              (r'\w' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '*', Name),
              (r"'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String),
              (r'"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String),
          ],
          'root': [
              include('common'),
              (r'\{', opening_brace_callback),
              (r'\}', closing_brace_callback),
              (r'.+?', Text),
          ],
          'pre-token': [
              include('common'),
              (r'\{', Text, ('#pop', 'token')),
              (r'.+?', Text),
          ],
          'token-sym-brackets': [
              (r'(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[' + ''.join(PERL6_BRACKETS) + '])(?P=first_char)*)',
               brackets_callback(Name), ('#pop', 'pre-token')),
              default(('#pop', 'pre-token')),
          ],
          'token': [
              (r'\}', Text, '#pop'),
              (r'(?<=:)(?:my|our|state|constant|temp|let).*?;', using(this)),
              # make sure that quotes in character classes aren't treated as strings
              (r'<(?:[-!?+.]\s*)?\[.*?\]>', String.Regex),
              # make sure that '#' characters in quotes aren't treated as comments
              (r"(?<!\\)'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String.Regex),
              (r'(?<!\\)"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String.Regex),
              (r'#.*?$', Comment.Single),
              (r'\{', embedded_perl6_callback),
              ('.+?', String.Regex),
          ],
      }
  
      def analyse_text(text):
          def strip_pod(lines):
              in_pod = False
              stripped_lines = []
  
              for line in lines:
                  if re.match(r'^=(?:end|cut)', line):
                      in_pod = False
                  elif re.match(r'^=\w+', line):
                      in_pod = True
                  elif not in_pod:
                      stripped_lines.append(line)
  
              return stripped_lines
  
          # XXX handle block comments
          lines = text.splitlines()
          lines = strip_pod(lines)
          text = '\n'.join(lines)
  
          if shebang_matches(text, r'perl6|rakudo|niecza|pugs'):
              return True
  
          saw_perl_decl = False
          rating = False
  
          # check for my/our/has declarations
          if re.search(r"(?:my|our|has)\s+(?:" + Perl6Lexer.PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE +
                       r"+\s+)?[$@%&(]", text):
              rating = 0.8
              saw_perl_decl = True
  
          for line in lines:
              line = re.sub('#.*', '', line)
              if re.match(r'^\s*$', line):
                  continue
  
              # match v6; use v6; use v6.0; use v6.0.0;
              if re.match(r'^\s*(?:use\s+)?v6(?:\.\d(?:\.\d)?)?;', line):
                  return True
              # match class, module, role, enum, grammar declarations
              class_decl = re.match(r'^\s*(?:(?P<scope>my|our)\s+)?(?:module|class|role|enum|grammar)', line)
              if class_decl:
                  if saw_perl_decl or class_decl.group('scope') is not None:
                      return True
                  rating = 0.05
                  continue
              break
  
          if ':=' in text:
              # Same logic as above for PerlLexer
              rating /= 2
  
          return rating
  
      def __init__(self, **options):
          super().__init__(**options)
          self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'utf-8')
  