text: // Copyright 2015-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
  //
  // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  // You may obtain a copy of the License at
  
  //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  // limitations under the License.
  #pragma once
  
  #include <stdint.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include "multi_heap.h"
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  extern "C" {
  #endif
  
  /**
   * @brief Flags to indicate the capabilities of the various memory systems
   */
  #define MALLOC_CAP_EXEC             (1<<0)  ///< Memory must be able to run executable code
  #define MALLOC_CAP_32BIT            (1<<1)  ///< Memory must allow for aligned 32-bit data accesses
  #define MALLOC_CAP_8BIT             (1<<2)  ///< Memory must allow for 8/16/...-bit data accesses
  #define MALLOC_CAP_DMA              (1<<3)  ///< Memory must be able to accessed by DMA
  #define MALLOC_CAP_PID2             (1<<4)  ///< Memory must be mapped to PID2 memory space (PIDs are not currently used)
  #define MALLOC_CAP_PID3             (1<<5)  ///< Memory must be mapped to PID3 memory space (PIDs are not currently used)
  #define MALLOC_CAP_PID4             (1<<6)  ///< Memory must be mapped to PID4 memory space (PIDs are not currently used)
  #define MALLOC_CAP_PID5             (1<<7)  ///< Memory must be mapped to PID5 memory space (PIDs are not currently used)
  #define MALLOC_CAP_PID6             (1<<8)  ///< Memory must be mapped to PID6 memory space (PIDs are not currently used)
  #define MALLOC_CAP_PID7             (1<<9)  ///< Memory must be mapped to PID7 memory space (PIDs are not currently used)
  #define MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM           (1<<10) ///< Memory must be in SPI RAM
  #define MALLOC_CAP_INTERNAL         (1<<11) ///< Memory must be internal; specifically it should not disappear when flash/spiram cache is switched off
  #define MALLOC_CAP_DEFAULT          (1<<12) ///< Memory can be returned in a non-capability-specific memory allocation (e.g. malloc(), calloc()) call
  #define MALLOC_CAP_INVALID          (1<<31) ///< Memory can't be used / list end marker
  
  /**
   * @brief Allocate a chunk of memory which has the given capabilities
   *
   * Equivalent semantics to libc malloc(), for capability-aware memory.
   *
   * In IDF, ``malloc(p)`` is equivalent to ``heap_caps_malloc(p, MALLOC_CAP_8BIT)``.
   *
   * @param size Size, in bytes, of the amount of memory to allocate
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory to be returned
   *
   * @return A pointer to the memory allocated on success, NULL on failure
   */
  void *heap_caps_malloc(size_t size, uint32_t caps);
  
  
  /**
   * @brief Free memory previously allocated via heap_caps_malloc() or heap_caps_realloc().
   *
   * Equivalent semantics to libc free(), for capability-aware memory.
   *
   *  In IDF, ``free(p)`` is equivalent to ``heap_caps_free(p)``.
   *
   * @param ptr Pointer to memory previously returned from heap_caps_malloc() or heap_caps_realloc(). Can be NULL.
   */
  void heap_caps_free( void *ptr);
  
  /**
   * @brief Reallocate memory previously allocated via heap_caps_malloc() or heap_caps_realloc().
   *
   * Equivalent semantics to libc realloc(), for capability-aware memory.
   *
   * In IDF, ``realloc(p, s)`` is equivalent to ``heap_caps_realloc(p, s, MALLOC_CAP_8BIT)``.
   *
   * 'caps' parameter can be different to the capabilities that any original 'ptr' was allocated with. In this way,
   * realloc can be used to "move" a buffer if necessary to ensure it meets a new set of capabilities.
   *
   * @param ptr Pointer to previously allocated memory, or NULL for a new allocation.
   * @param size Size of the new buffer requested, or 0 to free the buffer.
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory desired for the new allocation.
   *
   * @return Pointer to a new buffer of size 'size' with capabilities 'caps', or NULL if allocation failed.
   */
  void *heap_caps_realloc( void *ptr, size_t size, int caps);
  
  /**
   * @brief Allocate a chunk of memory which has the given capabilities. The initialized value in the memory is set to zero.
   *
   * Equivalent semantics to libc calloc(), for capability-aware memory.
   *
   * In IDF, ``calloc(p)`` is equivalent to ``heap_caps_calloc(p, MALLOC_CAP_8BIT)``.
   *
   * @param n    Number of continuing chunks of memory to allocate
   * @param size Size, in bytes, of a chunk of memory to allocate
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory to be returned
   *
   * @return A pointer to the memory allocated on success, NULL on failure
   */
  void *heap_caps_calloc(size_t n, size_t size, uint32_t caps);
  
  /**
   * @brief Get the total size of all the regions that have the given capabilities
   *
   * This function takes all regions capable of having the given capabilities allocated in them
   * and adds up the total space they have.
   *
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   *
   * @return total size in bytes
   */
  
  size_t heap_caps_get_total_size(uint32_t caps);
  
  /**
   * @brief Get the total free size of all the regions that have the given capabilities
   *
   * This function takes all regions capable of having the given capabilities allocated in them
   * and adds up the free space they have.
   *
   * Note that because of heap fragmentation it is probably not possible to allocate a single block of memory
   * of this size. Use heap_caps_get_largest_free_block() for this purpose.
  
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   *
   * @return Amount of free bytes in the regions
   */
  size_t heap_caps_get_free_size( uint32_t caps );
  
  
  /**
   * @brief Get the total minimum free memory of all regions with the given capabilities
   *
   * This adds all the low water marks of the regions capable of delivering the memory
   * with the given capabilities.
   *
   * Note the result may be less than the global all-time minimum available heap of this kind, as "low water marks" are
   * tracked per-region. Individual regions' heaps may have reached their "low water marks" at different points in time. However
   * this result still gives a "worst case" indication for all-time minimum free heap.
   *
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   *
   * @return Amount of free bytes in the regions
   */
  size_t heap_caps_get_minimum_free_size( uint32_t caps );
  
  /**
   * @brief Get the largest free block of memory able to be allocated with the given capabilities.
   *
   * Returns the largest value of ``s`` for which ``heap_caps_malloc(s, caps)`` will succeed.
   *
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   *
   * @return Size of largest free block in bytes.
   */
  size_t heap_caps_get_largest_free_block( uint32_t caps );
  
  
  /**
   * @brief Get heap info for all regions with the given capabilities.
   *
   * Calls multi_heap_info() on all heaps which share the given capabilities.  The information returned is an aggregate
   * across all matching heaps.  The meanings of fields are the same as defined for multi_heap_info_t, except that
   * ``minimum_free_bytes`` has the same caveats described in heap_caps_get_minimum_free_size().
   *
   * @param info        Pointer to a structure which will be filled with relevant
   *                    heap metadata.
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   *
   */
  void heap_caps_get_info( multi_heap_info_t *info, uint32_t caps );
  
  
  /**
   * @brief Print a summary of all memory with the given capabilities.
   *
   * Calls multi_heap_info on all heaps which share the given capabilities, and
   * prints a two-line summary for each, then a total summary.
   *
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   *
   */
  void heap_caps_print_heap_info( uint32_t caps );
  
  /**
   * @brief Check integrity of all heap memory in the system.
   *
   * Calls multi_heap_check on all heaps. Optionally print errors if heaps are corrupt.
   *
   * Calling this function is equivalent to calling heap_caps_check_integrity
   * with the caps argument set to MALLOC_CAP_INVALID.
   *
   * @param print_errors Print specific errors if heap corruption is found.
   *
   * @return True if all heaps are valid, False if at least one heap is corrupt.
   */
  bool heap_caps_check_integrity_all(bool print_errors);
  
  /**
   * @brief Check integrity of all heaps with the given capabilities.
   *
   * Calls multi_heap_check on all heaps which share the given capabilities. Optionally
   * print errors if the heaps are corrupt.
   *
   * See also heap_caps_check_integrity_all to check all heap memory
   * in the system and heap_caps_check_integrity_addr to check memory
   * around a single address.
   *
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   * @param print_errors Print specific errors if heap corruption is found.
   *
   * @return True if all heaps are valid, False if at least one heap is corrupt.
   */
  bool heap_caps_check_integrity(uint32_t caps, bool print_errors);
  
  /**
   * @brief Check integrity of heap memory around a given address.
   *
   * This function can be used to check the integrity of a single region of heap memory,
   * which contains the given address.
   *
   * This can be useful if debugging heap integrity for corruption at a known address,
   * as it has a lower overhead than checking all heap regions. Note that if the corrupt
   * address moves around between runs (due to timing or other factors) then this approach
   * won't work and you should call heap_caps_check_integrity or
   * heap_caps_check_integrity_all instead.
   *
   * @note The entire heap region around the address is checked, not only the adjacent
   * heap blocks.
   *
   * @param addr Address in memory. Check for corruption in region containing this address.
   * @param print_errors Print specific errors if heap corruption is found.
   *
   * @return True if the heap containing the specified address is valid,
   * False if at least one heap is corrupt or the address doesn't belong to a heap region.
   */
  bool heap_caps_check_integrity_addr(intptr_t addr, bool print_errors);
  
  /**
   * @brief Enable malloc() in external memory and set limit below which 
   *        malloc() attempts are placed in internal memory.
   *
   * When external memory is in use, the allocation strategy is to initially try to
   * satisfy smaller allocation requests with internal memory and larger requests
   * with external memory. This sets the limit between the two, as well as generally
   * enabling allocation in external memory.
   *
   * @param limit       Limit, in bytes.
   */
  void heap_caps_malloc_extmem_enable(size_t limit);
  
  /**
   * @brief Allocate a chunk of memory as preference in decreasing order.
   *
   * @attention The variable parameters are bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type of memory.
   *            This API prefers to allocate memory with the first parameter. If failed, allocate memory with
   *            the next parameter. It will try in this order until allocating a chunk of memory successfully
   *            or fail to allocate memories with any of the parameters.
   *
   * @param size Size, in bytes, of the amount of memory to allocate
   * @param num Number of variable paramters
   *
   * @return A pointer to the memory allocated on success, NULL on failure
   */
  void *heap_caps_malloc_prefer( size_t size, size_t num, ... );
  
  /**
   * @brief Allocate a chunk of memory as preference in decreasing order.
   *
   * @param ptr Pointer to previously allocated memory, or NULL for a new allocation.
   * @param size Size of the new buffer requested, or 0 to free the buffer.
   * @param num Number of variable paramters
   *
   * @return Pointer to a new buffer of size 'size', or NULL if allocation failed.
   */
  void *heap_caps_realloc_prefer( void *ptr, size_t size, size_t num, ... );
  
  /**
   * @brief Allocate a chunk of memory as preference in decreasing order.
   *
   * @param n    Number of continuing chunks of memory to allocate
   * @param size Size, in bytes, of a chunk of memory to allocate
   * @param num  Number of variable paramters
   *
   * @return A pointer to the memory allocated on success, NULL on failure
   */
  void *heap_caps_calloc_prefer( size_t n, size_t size, size_t num, ... );
  
  /**
   * @brief Dump the full structure of all heaps with matching capabilities.
   *
   * Prints a large amount of output to serial (because of locking limitations,
   * the output bypasses stdout/stderr). For each (variable sized) block
   * in each matching heap, the following output is printed on a single line:
   *
   * - Block address (the data buffer returned by malloc is 4 bytes after this
   *   if heap debugging is set to Basic, or 8 bytes otherwise).
   * - Data size (the data size may be larger than the size requested by malloc,
   *   either due to heap fragmentation or because of heap debugging level).
   * - Address of next block in the heap.
   * - If the block is free, the address of the next free block is also printed.
   *
   * @param caps        Bitwise OR of MALLOC_CAP_* flags indicating the type
   *                    of memory
   */
  void heap_caps_dump(uint32_t caps);
  
  /**
   * @brief Dump the full structure of all heaps.
   *
   * Covers all registered heaps. Prints a large amount of output to serial.
   *
   * Output is the same as for heap_caps_dump.
   *
   */
  void heap_caps_dump_all(void);
  
  /**
   * @brief Return the size that a particular pointer was allocated with.
   *
   * @param ptr Pointer to currently allocated heap memory. Must be a pointer value previously 
   * returned by heap_caps_malloc,malloc,calloc, etc. and not yet freed.
   *
   * @note The app will crash with an assertion failure if the pointer is not valid.
   * 
   * @return Size of the memory allocated at this block.
   * 
   */
  size_t heap_caps_get_allocated_size( void *ptr );
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  }
  #endif
  