Rheumatism
makes the joints ache and causes the afflicted person much misery.
For quick relief use
BALLARD’S
SNOW LINIMENT
It Is a Powerful, Penetrating Remedy
The relief is prompt and very gratifying to the sufferer. It eases
the joints and conveys a strengthening influence that soon restores
rormal conditions. Use it also for healing Cuts, Sores, Wounds,
Burns, Scalds, relieving Stiff Neck, Lame Back or Sore Muscles.
It rarely fails to give good results. Price 25c, 50c and $1 per bottle.
JAS. F. BALLARD, Proprietor, ST. LOUIS, MO.
cam
For sale at Union Saw Mill Co. Store.
6
Va
Soils and Soil
Fertility
Eight Studies In Fundamental
Agriculture.
EDITOR’S NOTE.
The Extension Division of the T'wi
versity of Arkansas, in co-operation
with the United States Department of
Agriculture, will offer this year,
through this paper, a free correspond- .
ence course in "Soils and Soil Fertil- j
lty,” consisting of eight lessons or ar
ticles. Those who wish to take this
course should write to the Director of
Extension Work, University of Arkan- j
sas, Fayetteville, stating name, age, ;
occupation, and stating that he (or
she) proposes to carry the work
through for the eight lessons. A farm
ers’ bulletin W'ill be sent to supplement
lesson No. 1, and later for each lesson
if the question blank be returned for
the preceding lesson. These blanks
will be sent with each bulletin. Pre
ceding lessons will be sent on request.
The lessons on Soil and Soil Fertility
will consist of the following: (1) "Or
igins and Functions of Soil;” (2) “How
Plants Feed and Grow;” (3) "Tillage;”
(4) "Drainage;” (5) “Organic Matter:”
(I?) "Crop notation;” (7) "Barnyard
Manure;” (8) "Commercial Fertilizers."
SOIL AND SOIL FERTILITY
No. 4. Farm, Drainage.
Dy De F. Hungerford, Assistant Ag
ronomist, University of Arkansas.
The question of reclaiming the
swampy lands of this state has been
occupying the attention of lawmakers,
farmers and business men for many
years. Several important drainage
districts have been organized and pro
posed which, when completed, will
change hundreds of square miles of
land that is now unproductive into
the most productive land In the
South. These are well known facts
and no one attempts to belittle or
deny Hie value of such reclamation
projects in Increasing the state's re
sources. It is not so well known,
however, that the yield on thousands
of acres of land that Is now being
farmed could be greatly increased by
adequate drainage. Almost every
farm has some land that is too wet
for the highest erop production. Too
much water is as injurious to crops
as not enough. Many farmers realize
that parts of their farm do not pro
duce as much as would be exgected.
but they fail to recognize that the
trouble may be due to poor drainage.
How Drainage Benefits the Soil.
Drainage enables the plant roots to
penetrate into the soil. The pla.it
roots will not penetrate soil that is
saturated with water, so if the sub
soil is too wet all the plant food that
it contains is unavailable. When
crops are planted on poorly drained
land the root systems are shallow.
When a drought comes the surface
dries out quickly and the crop suffers.
In well-drained soil, on the other
hand the roots go down deeper into
the sub-soil which dr'es out more
slowly and tne crop is able to resist
a temporary drought.
A well drained soil warms up quick
er in the spring because the heat
from the sun is not used up in evapo
rating surplus water. Crops can
therefore be planted sooner which is
an important point in a region of
summer droughts. Where land is
well drained it is possible to cultivate
quickly after every rain thereby de
stroying weeds while they are young.
The physical condition of soils is
much improved by drainage. This is
due partly to the fact that the surface
dries out rapidly thus promoting gran
ulation and partly to the deep rooting
and more abundant growth of plants.
Drainage induces better aeration be
cause as the water drains down into
the sub-soil air is drawn down to take
Its place. The air thus drawn Into
the soil nelps make plant food availa
ble, promotes the growth of beneficial
bacteria, assists in the formation of
humus and destroys toxic substances
or poisons that may exist there.
Drainage With Open Ditches.
Open ditches provide the best means
of drainage where large volumes of
water are to be taken care of as In
the reclamation of large swampy
areas. They can also be used to ad
vantage when it is necessary to pro
vide an outlet for water in a smallj
depression. Open ditches can be con- i
structed more cheaply than under
ground orainage systems, but are less
permanent and must be frequently re- !
paired. They are unsightly, occupy !
land that could otherwise be used for
growing crops, and, as usually eon-!
structed, provide a place for weeds, j
When it is necessary to use op<m j
ditches for financial and other rea
sons, they should he constructed with I
wide sloping banks gotten into sod I
so they can be moved for hay and to
keep down the weeds. A good form
of open ditch is the "dead” furrow.
This is adapted to land that is nearly
fiat. The fielu is plowed in narrow
beds with a deep "dead” furrow be
tween the higher intervening spaces.
Tile Drainage.
The drainage of farm land can be
obtained most efficiently and perma
nently by means of tile laid under
ground. Two kinds of tile are in use
—clay and concrete. Clay tile is used
more extensively, oeing usually
cheaper and more easi.y handled.
Concrete tile is satisfactory, however,
if it can be obtained as cheaply. For
making concrete tile a rich proportion
of cement and good sand should oe
used and they should be mixed as wet
as is practicable. The proper depth
for laying the tile varies with the tex
ture of the soil and the distance the
lines are apart. The depth usually
varies from two to two and a half
feet, being laid shallow in clay soils
and deeper in sandy land.
Her View of Self.
She was a typical East side girl and,
though plainly dressed, was very pret
ty. While walking through Van Cort
landt park site heard for the first time ;
of the game of golf and observed the I
golfers as she was asking her com
panion, a sprightly young girl, some
thing about the game. The girl ex
plained. "My Gawd," responded the
other. “And do they walk all over
these hills?” Then she observed some
more players on the links in the far
distance. “Do they play it away off
there, too?” “Oh, yes,” replied the j
girl. “They play it all over the place.” ,
“Well,” concluded the East side girl,
dismissing the subject with definite
1 finality and a shrug m( her shoulders,
j “that's another of those nice games
! I’d like to learn—I don't think!”—New
I York Times.
The Uses and Abuses
of Fertilizers
A Series of Six Articles* Which
Should lie of \ nluuble Assistance
to AKi*ieu!turlfttM and Horticultur
ists* of ArknnanM—By Prof. It. .1.
II. T>e l.oncii, Director of Georgia
Experiment Station.
4. FERTILIZERS AND FIELDCROPS
David Dickson, after a life of use
ful service to his fellow-man and a
life of success as a farmer, had the
following to say about the use of
guano: “1 say that farmers can make
every acre of their lands rich if they
will. Providence intended the earth
should increase in fertility as rapidly
as it does in population. Every man
that assists in removing this dormant
guano, lying idle and useless on the
Chincha Islands, and puts it in cir
culation, creating therewith food and
clothing, is a benefactor to his kind.
The country suffers for want of a
share of the surplus fertilizing mate
rial. Remove the deposit and apply
to crops, and it will enrich the land.
“1 commenced to use guano in 1846,
and gradually increased the use of it
until the present time, never having
omitted to use it on my crops ex
cepting the last year of the war, when
I could not obtain it. With the proper
system of rotation of crops, and re
turning all the crops to the land, ex
cept the lint of the cotton, land may
be improved with Peruvian guano
alone, but not so fast as when you
combine with the soil all the ele
ments of the plants to be grown. Am
monia being necessary for all plants,
I know of no crop that it would not
benefit. It will pay the best upon
those crops that bring the most mon-'
ey—cotton being that crop in this sec
tion, and tobacco in other sections.”
It will be seen from the above that
Mr. Dickson profited greatly by the
use of guano. He knew well the value
of ammonia to growing crops, but you
will observe that he knew quite as
well the value of other plant foods to
the crop. He got better yields when
he applied all the elements of plant
food than when he applied ammonia
alone. Also observe that he consid
ered it good business to apply fertil
izer. He was a business man as well
as a farmer, and knew ail the keen
points in the business world.
The Hon. James M. Smith, another
millionaire farmer of Georgia, who
died only a few days ago, has the fol
lowing to say with reference to the
use of fertilizers on farm crops:
“The use of fertilizers has become
one of the most important factors in
Southern agriculture. It is a power
ful agency in producing an increased
yield—a thing we should desire aiid
work for. We certainly believe in the
use of commercial fertilizers, but we
also believp in the turning under of
vegetable matter, tlie sowing of
legumes and the saving of all barn
yard manure. The up-to-date farmer
will not. oensider one of these, but all
four of them, in trying to increase
his farm crops.”
Each of these two farmers, who
have done much to stimulate farm im
provement, learned the value of fertil
isers, but learned equally well the
value of diversified farming. They
would not decrease the use of fertll
izer, but diversify more. They would
have us Use more fertilizers, so that
we could grow more plants and vege
table matter, in turn plow this under,
and in this way increase the fertility
of our lands. The most effective
farming of today involves these two
great principles. Use fertilizers and
diversify the crops. Rotate and feed
the plants, and you will Increase your
yields, be more secure from plant dis
eases, and bring your farm into a high
state of cultivation.
If growing crops take plant food out
of the soil and we do not plow under
an amount equal to this, or get it-from
some other source and apply it, our
land is sure to decrease in fertility
and in value. This is a fact beyond
dispute. With most of our crops we
take from the fields a large amount
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and pot
ash, which never goes back to the
place on the farm from whence it
came. We should see to it, then, that
some kind of plant food takes its
place. In the case of cotton, we sell
the seed, and with them large
amounts of nitrogen and other ele
ments of plant food. Very often we
burn the stalks, and in this way take
from the field much more valuab'e
plant food. It is suicidal policy tor
us to do this under any circum
stances, but especially so when we fail
to put back on the soil what we take
off.
On a sandy farm in one of the
Southern states, which had been aban
doned by its original owner and sold
for fifty cents per acre, a little barn
yard manure and heavy applications
of fertilizer made another farmer
rich. The last farmer used $15 worth
of fertilizer per acre and raised 1,-iOO
pounds of seed cotton per acre. This
was about a bale per acre on the en
tire farm. The $15 investment in fer
tilizers and good breaking and culti
vation netted the thrifty farmer more
than $50 per acre when cotton was
bringing a high price.
All the experiment stations and oth
er institutions have found that fertil
izers applied to farm crops under
sood conditions pay a handsome div
idend on the investment. It generally
means the converting of a non-paying
farm into a profitable farm. This,
ifter all, is what we farm for, for
profit as well as some pleasure. The
iverage farmer gets large returns for
fertilizers wisely used. If fertilizers
io not always pay, it is because farm
ers waste instead of use them.
101)01 DIRtCTORV.
ROWLAND LODGE No. 594 F. & A.
M.meets every second and fourth Satur
day evening3 at 7:50 o'clock. Visiting
Masons always welcome.
L. M. Despain, W. M.
C. A. Berry, Sec'y.
HOWARD CHAPTER. No. 122. R A.
M. meets every first and third Thurs
day evening at Masonic hall. Visiting
companions welcome.
L. G. Gibson, H. P.
D. F. Collett, Secy.
HUTTIG CHAPTER No. 320. Order of
the Eastern Star, meets every first and
third Friday evening at 7:30 o'clock.
Visiting brothers and sisters welcome.
Mrs. J. A. Brignac, W. M.
Mrs. L. G. Gibson, Sec'y.
HUTTIG LODGE No. 348 I. O. 0 F.
meets every Tuesday evening. Visiting
brethern cordially invited to attend.
E. L. V/are N. G
Harlan Sehon, Secy.
HUTTIG REBEKAH LODG. h
meets every Monday night at 7:30 o'clock
Visitors are invited.
Mrs. Lou Milstead. N. G
Miss Murray Pilkirton. Secy.
SWEET BAY CAMP No. 4 1 1 W 0 W.
meets every first a-d third Saturday eve
nings. Visitors made welcome.
C. A. McCormick, C. C.
J. C. Bridges. Clerk.
Sweet Bay Circle No M5. W. C..
meets every second and fourth Thursday
night at 7:30 o’clock. Visitors are cor
dially invited.
*,> Mrs. W. R DP Verson. Guardain.
Mrs. C. A. McCormick. Clerk.
RAILROAD TJ\lt UBLt.
St. Louis. Iron Mountain &. Southern
LITTLE ROCK 4 MONROE RY.
South North
5:25 a. m . Huttig 3:23 p. m
7:55 a. m Monroe 1:00 p.m
local. *
Leaves Arrives
11:55 p. m. Huttig 12:15p.m.
St. Louis. Iron Mountain &, Southern
FARMERV1LLE 4 SOUThERN RY.
North South
4:42 a. m. Huttig 3:54 p. m
3:15 a.m. Farmerville 5:20 p.m
local, t
10:15a.m..Huttig 2:25 p.m.
tArrives Monday, Wednesday, and Fri
day from Monroe and goes to Farmer
ville.
^Arrives Tuesday. Thursday and Satur
day from Farmerville and goes to Mon
roe.
I
$
$
1
8
i
i
!
Consider That
Proverbial
“Ounce of Prevention”
The United States has “the grippe.” Papers everywhere
declare as much, and health authorities are urging people to take
every precaution for their health.
February and March are the most dangerous
months of the year. Rain, snow and slush mean colds,
grippe and pneumonia. Guard well your health and
that of your family. We can supply you with
Clothing and
Footwear
of all kinds, and to be not only well dressed, but safe
ly dressed may mean much to you.
The Time to Save
Time is in the Beginning
You can clip off several days from the 1916 calendar
right now, Mr. Farmer, tuck ’em away in
your lock-box and use them at
leisure next fall
Making needed repairs about your place just now will prepare you
for tackling Spring work as soon as Spring shows its
head—and every day you save in the Spring
brings your finished labors just that
much earlier in the fall
We have ’most anything you could need for these little odd jobs,
and they don’t cost much. Anyway, it’s economy to re
pair an article while the damage is slight, rather
than to wait until it gets beyond repair
and a new one is necessary. We
will be glad to begin
and we believe we can merit your patronage throughout the year
Serving You Right Now 8
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