The Newark Journal.
G F. CRaKj, Kdltor.
NEWARK- - ~ ARKANSAS^
HOW A TUNNEL WAS DUG.
Nobody in Chicago Knew Anything
About It Until Finished.
It appears, says the American
’Architect, that an interesting
work has been going on in Chica
go for several years without the
knowledge of tin* public, in the ex
cavation of a tunnel 14 miles long
under the business district of the
city. This tunnel is a business
undertaking simply and is to con
tain a railway for the transporta
tion of freight among the great
mercantile houses and between
them and the freight stations of
the 41! railways which enter Chi
cago, besides furnishing aecomo
tion for telephone wires and pos
sibly wires of other kinds. It is
almost incredible that a tunnel
of this length, varying in width
from (5 to 1.4 feet and in height
from 8 to 14 feet, could have been
constructed under the most
crowded part of a great city with
out the knowledge even of the
newspaper reporters, but the tun
nel is far below the surface, the
depth varying from L’T to (55 feet,
so that it was unnecessary to
make temporary roadways over
it, and the excavated material
has been taken out at night
through shafts opening in pri
vate grounds and taken away to
the lake front. The ground under |
Chicago is a soft clay, which was i
easily excavated, but it has been
necessary to line it everywhere
with concrete.
A considerable portion of the
tunnel is already in use, and many
business houses have shafts open
ing into it, equipped with eleva
tors. Although an underground
freight railway of this kind seems
an expensive substitute for trucks
and horses, it is quite possible
that it may promote economy as
well as convenience, in handling
and transfering merchandise. Ev
ery one must see that the main
tenance of a stable full of horses
and wagons and of a multitude of
grooms and drivers is an impor
tant item in the cost of carrying
on business, especially when, as
is often the case, wagons are
driven half the time empty, or
with only one small package in
them, and a system by which
goods arriving by rail could beat
once delivered at their destina
tion, with the minimum of hand
ling, while those shipped could be
billed through from the shipping
clerk's desk, would be of immense
advantage to merchants, as well
as to the public.
BANGOR CATHEDRAL.
Story of How a Liberal Contribution
Was Secured for It.
Th<* death of the* (loan of Ban
gor, who was looking forward to
the reopening of the c hoir of the
cathedral after its redeeoration
at the* expense of Lord IVnrhyn,
recalls, says Westminster Ga
zette, a good story at the restora
tion of the c athedral tinder Kean
Vincent. The dean was one of
those who helped the* late Mr.
Henry Hoare, the* banker, in his
work for the* revival of eonvoca
tion. Mr. lloare often stayed at
Bangor, lie* used always to at
tend the early morning service*,
and one day complained to the
dean of the* coolness of the cathe
dral and its ruinous condition.
“Why do you not take steps to
restore it?" said the banker.
“What am 1 to do?" said the*
dean.
“Go and see Lord Penrliyn (the
late*), and tell him I have* not an
acre of property in the diocese*,
and will give £1,000.”
Mr. Hoare went to Carnavoran
for the day and at dinner asked
his host how he* had got on.
“Why, wonderfully,” was t he* re
ply. “Lord Penrliyn was sur
prised that I had not asked him be*
fore*, and gave me £5,000 to goon
with.”
After that Lord IVnrhyn gave
immense sinus to the cathedral.
Influence of Technical Education
v/ J
By SIMON W. HANAUER,
Deputy L'nited States Consul General at Frankfort, Germany.
HE great influence of technical education in developing indus
tries, increasing export trade, and augmenting a country’s
wealth is shown by the technical high schools of Germany.
There are nine such created and conducted by the government;
two more are now being established. Besides these State in
stitutions, many others under private management, but subject
to governmental supervisioin, exist in Germany, which turn out able en
gineers and scientifically educated craftsmen.
Germany, in consequence of its thorough and widespread system of
technical education, has surpassed, within the last 50 years, all other na
tions, and now holds first place in chemical manufactures. The value of
the chemical products annually made in Germany arc estimated at 1,000,
000,000 marks or $238,000.000. A very large part of these (especially
dyes made of coal tar) are exported to the chief manufacturing nations
—the United States, England, Belgium, France, etc., as also to China,
Japan, India, etc. There is scarcely a country in the world that does not
use German chemicals of some sort.
The transformation of Germany from a poor agricultural country to
one of the finest and richest manufacturing and exporting nations is, to
a considerable part, due to German superior technical training.
Some of the German chemical works have branch establishments in
foreign countries. The German capital invested in these earns big prof
its and adds to the national wealth of the country.
BRIDGE WHIST IN LONDON.
Passion for Gambling Among Women
in English Society.
The break-up of the London sea
son and the departure to other re
sorts have led to a great recrudes
cenee of bridge playing, says the
London Mail. The stakes are very
high in country houses, and it is
not surprising to learn that a
large number of women of posi
tion have given up playing the
game because they find it more
profitable to teach it toothers.
T'ntil recently devotees of the
game were quite content to learn
its ins and outs by slow degrees,
picking up experience and losing
money by the way; but since high
play has become a matter of course
these old time methods have
proved unsatisfactory . To play
at all one must play well, for the
winners are those who are ex
perts, and the woman who plays
to make money finds that she must
get some one to teach her.
The lessons are by no means in
expensive, the fees varying with
the degree of proficiency the worn
an teacher is supposed to have at
tained. This is judged by her rep
utation for winning and her dar
ing play. Five pounds for an
afternoon's lesson is quite an av
erage fee, while after dinner
twice the amount is demanded for
expert tuition, for the teacher,
being a good player herself, could
make money instead of teaching
others.
high stakes were the rule, they
made between them flL’O.
There is one great drawback
which prevents many good play
ers from openly professing them
selves as teachers of bridge. As
a rule, they are banned at parties
as too dangerous opponents for
players of average ability to face.
Therefore, while the present craze
for high play lasts tin* supply of
teachers is not likely to prove
equal to the demand.
ADVICE OF SETH GREEN.
Tends Strictly to Business and Doesn’t
Watch His Companion.
Years ago, before that good fel
low, practical angler and acute
stream observer, Seth Green,
passed away, it was my privilege
to spend many days with him on
the stream, particularly t’aledo
nia creek, on which the New York
state hatchery then stood and
now stands, says Outing, The
value of an angling commission
with such a man is beyond esti
mate. A quotation from a letter
he once wrote me will better and
more tersely answer the query I
recently received from a young
angler who wants to know "how to
fish for trout” than any words of
mine can possibly do.
"In the first place when I go
a fishing. I go fishing. I don’t hear
the babble of the brook; I don’t see
the fluttering bird, nor the silvery
leaves, nor the beautiful sky.
Neither do I fish anybody else's
line. 1 finsh my own and I don’t
watch my companion, if I have
one. I don't care whether he gets
a bite or not. I am attending to
my own business and looking for j
a good place to cast. I am looking
for the tty that is on the wa- >
ter and to see if there is a
rise. If 1 see one, no matter if it
is ten rods away, I mark the place
and make for it. I don't run, but
go quietly along and keep fishing;
and when I get w ithin casting dis
tance 1 drop my tty a little short
and if I don't get a rise the next
cast is made directly on the spot
on which flu* trout rose. My tty
does not go w ith a thud as though
1 wanted to hit the bull's eye, but
it touches the water as lightly as
a fond mother’s hand touches the
brow of a loving child that she
loves better than I can find words
to express. I am just as sure of a
rise, too, as the fond mother is
that the child will roll its loving
eyes to her face with an expres
sion that says to her: ‘I am
yours.’ I feel that when my fly
drops so gently on the water w ith- i
out making a ripple, that the fish
is mine.”
These lessons are given, as a
rule, in tin* drawing-room of a
woman who has invited a few
friends to share the instruction.
“Bridge Lessons” often appear on
smart luncheon invitations, and
are eagerly accepted, especially if
the teacher is known to be a lucky
player. The lesson lasts all the
afternoon and is given while play
ing for stakes in the usual man
ner, which are, however, returned
at the end of the afternoon's les
son. After every round has been
played the teacher shows her pu
pils what mistakes they made,
how to avoid t hem, and what to do
in similar cases; the cards are
then redealt and the game% is
played over again.
So keen are women, especially
young girls, many of whom look
upon bridge as a sure means of
adding to their dress allowance,
that..very often three or four will
club together, invite a good teach
er for a week’s visit into the coun
try, and play bridge all day long,
sometimes far into the night. At
the end of the week the teacher
probably receives a check for £100,
and departs for another country
house, where the same lessons are
given again on the same terms.
That the payment of high fees
by pupils is a good investment is
instanced by the case of twoyoung
girls who had been losing heavily.
They took lessons for a week,
playing on an average six hours a
day w ith a good teacher,and when
next they were drawn as partners
at a week end house party where
I
Alma Tadema.
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema do
dares that his great object in
painting a picture is to make it as
intelligible as a bo«*k, so that it
will tell its story to the densest
onlooker. “I never start with any
fixed and final conception,” he
says; “I alter as 1 go. As vthe
thought comes, the picture takes
shape; new ideas, new positions,
and so on.
BABY SQUIRREL OVERBOARD.
With Skill and GeuutntM *ke Mstbsr
Rescued Youngster.
“I was very much amused and
▼erv much instructed recentI3,
said a man who lives in the coun
try, according to the New York
Mail and Express, “by the antics
of a mother squirrel in my section,
and while I have grown up, as I
might say, among squirrels and
cypress trees, it was a revelation
to me. The squirrel had nested in
low, dumpy cypress close to the
edge of a lake, and the nest was
probably 30 or 40 feet from the
ground. The mother squirrel hap
jtoned to be in the tree at the time,
although I had no occasion to no
tice either the old squirrel or her
young until something tragical
happened in the family. In some
way one of .the little fellows
scrambled over the edge of. the
nest and fell to the ground. I
heard the noise, and, looking in
the direction of the sound. 1 saw
the baby squirrel squirming
around in great agony and totally
unable to get on its feet. The
mother squirrel rushed down the
side of the cypress like a streak,
and almost in an instant she was
by the side of her offspring. She
took in the situation at a glance
and set to work to get the young
ster back in the nest. She
switched the body around and
turned it over and then grabbed it j
with her teeth just under the
smaller portion of the back. In
stinctively, I suppose, the young
squirrel threw its arms around
the mother's body and after she
made sure that the hold was good
she started cautiously back to the
nest. She reached there safely
and I saw no more of the dis
tressed mother nor the youngster.
I was very much impressed with
the gentleness and skill she dis
played in handling the injured
baby squirrel, and really it was an
inspiring scene.”
VALUABLE DOG-COLLARS.
Many Set with Costly Gems—One
Made of Gold Nuggets.
“I can assure you that you have
not been misinformed as to the
gold and precious gems being used ,
to decorate dogs’ collars,” said I
one of the best known dealers in !
such articles in London; “but the j
craze is far more prevalent in
France, Russia and America than
it is here,” according to the Lon- j
don Tit Hits.
“Not many weeks ago I supplied
to the special order of an Ameri
can lady a dog collar that cost i»0
guineas. It was a chain collar of ,
silver and gold links alternately,'
and with a gold bell to hang in
front. French ladies are very
fond of watch dog collars, a small
gold watch being let into the front *
of the collar, and I have made sev
eral of these. Hut in scores of
cases I supply beautifully made
collars with name-plates of solid
gold, and often enough with gold
‘bosses’ as well. Nearly all the
collars of this class are intended
for t he carriage dogs and drawing
room poodles alone, and in most
cases the dogs do not belong 1o
men, though the latter order and
pay for the collars as presents.
“A fashion has lately had great
vogue in France of putting tiny
bracelets round the forelegs of
poodles, and 1 have seen even dia
monds let into these circlets. Hut
we only make these things by spe
cial order. At tin* same time, in
my own stock, 1 have lots of dog
collars ranging in price from three
to twenty pounds. The most re
markable collar 1 have ever made
was to the order of a gentleman
from South Africa. It consisted
of nuggets of gold and an uncut
diamond, which he supplied, and
it was given to a well-known lady
as a present.”
Woman Professor.
Signora Rina Monti recalls the
golden age of learning for Italian
women. She is the first woman
in modern times to be appointed
to a university chair in Italy. She
has the chair of zoology and com
parative anatomy at Messina, and
that of professor ext raord inary of
comparative anatomy at Rologna.
LEGEND OF THE PELICAN.
Old Story Originated in Curious De
lusion of Careless Observers.
Most persons have seen the pel
ican, and many have heard of the
strange legend attached to it.
According to tradition, says the
New York Tribune, the pelican
was the third bird to come out of
Noah’s ark, and he still lives and
thrives, perhaps as ancient a type
among birds as the badger is sup
posed to be among quadrupeds.
The legend runs: “The pelican
turneth her beak against her
breast, and therewith pierceth it
till the blood gusheth out, where
with she nourisheth her young.”
On examination the tradition
explains itself. The distinctive
features of the pelican are its
enormous bill, with the commen
surate pouch depending from the
lower mandible. So great is the
capacity of this pouch and so con
siderable its strength, t hat the na
tives of many countries to this day
convert it into a very useful bag.
The upper mandible terminates in
a hook, which curves over the tip
of the lower, and is of a reddish
color. The tint of the feathers is
fairly described by the poet as
“pearl v white, but rubv-tinc
tured.”
These facts being premised, we
may assume that the two or three
eggs laid by the mother bird have
been successfully hatched. Then
the parents begin to realize that
in their case, at all events, the
“cares of paternity” is no empty
phrase. The amount of food con
sumed by the young pelicans if
prodigious. As pelicans derive,
the whole of their sustenance
from the water and feed almost
exclusively on tish, the use of
their formidable fishing imple
ments is apparent. Whether
they are wading or swimming,
they dredge and scoop their prey
into the pouch, where it passes
through some amount of macera
tion before being given to the
vo ung.
Now ensues the curious act
to which the observers of so ninny
ages have given a wrong interpre
tation.
In order to eject tin* contents
of the poneh, the bird presses its
bill strongly and with a kind of
spasmodic action against its
breast, and the pinkish hue of its
feathers, the red tipped bill, and
often enough the blood of its cap
tured victims, combine to pro
duce the effect which gave birth
to the legt nd.
This tradition seems to have
found a tender foster-mother
throughout < 'hristendom, and the
proverbial “pelican in her piety”
took root both as a symbol and a.
phrase. liy degrees tin* figure of
the pelican feeding her young de
veloped into a common emblem
of charity, tin* use of which espe
oially prevailed in southern Eu
rope. The “pelican in her piety”
is sometimes found carved in
wood or stonework of ancient
English churches, and is still used
as a symbolic emblem of charity.
The pelican is often used, too, as
an ornament of tin* lectern in
Episcopal churches, and Mr. Sar
gent has used it as a symbol in his
painting of tin* “(Tuciflxion,” in
the mural decoration of the Bos
ton public library.
Living in Hot Water.
There is ;i pond at Golconda, ia
India, which is fed by the waters
from some hot springs. This pond
has an area of 1 wo or three acres,
and the temperature of the water
is about 75 degrees, and in some
places where the hot water bub
bles up from the bottom the tem
perature is almost at boiling
point. Recently a discovery has
been made that this warm lake is
literally alive with car]), some of
which are more than a foot long.
All efforts to catch them with a
hook and line have failed, and
they will not touch the most
tempting bait. A few of them
have been shot, and, contrary to
the general supposition, the flesh
was found to be firm and palatal
ble.