American Navy Needs 358,000 Sailors
Effectively to Man Its Ships
By CAPT. W. A. MOFFETT, U. S. S. Mississippi
The American navy has accomplished marvelous
things, even since the armistice. It has been maneu- J
vering constantly and training its men, and it is in I
such a high state of efficiency that it could go into j
battle tomorrow or any day as easily as you or 1 could
go to a tea party.
Nevertheless this great ocean machine is in dan
ger. The reservists are getting out. The enlisted
strength on many vessels has been reduced. Impor
tant units will have to he tied up at the dock unless
there is some relief—and the relief rests in congress.
The authorized strength of the regular navy is 138,000 men. The navy’s
estimate of its need is 358,000 men. It cannot be effective with a lesser
number. But the last congress adjourned without giving us the authori
zation for this number.
The navy must net he handicapped. If it is all the money spent for
Liberty bonds and all the money that will be pledged to the \ ietory loan
will go for naught. The United States must have a navy to back up its
ideals, l’eaee must not dismantle the navy. And this is the problem
Chicago and the middle West must solve.
K
“We Gave You the Diadem of American
Citizenship—and Then Left You’
By U. S. JUDGE CHARLES F. AMIDON. North Dalot*
[i?t sentencing a North Dakota preacher convicted of disloyalty. 1
You received your final papers as a citizen in 1898. By the oath i
which you then took you renounced and adjured all allegiance to Ger- |
many and to the emperor of Germany, and swore that you would bear (
true faith and allegiance to the United States. What did that mean r
That you would set about earnestly growing an American soul and put :
away your German soul. That is what your oath of allegiance meant.
Have you done that? I do not think you have. You have cherished
everything German and stifled everything American. You have preached
German, prayed German, read German, sung German. Every thought
of your mind and every emotion of your heart through all these years
has been German. Your body has been in America, but your life has
been in Germany. If you were set down in Prussia today you would be
in harmony with your environment.
There have been a good many Germans before me in the last month.
They have lived in this country, like yourself, ten, twenty, thirty, forty
years, and they had to give their evidence through an interpreter. There
was written all over every one of them, “Made in Germany.’
I do not blame you and these men alone. I blame my country. M e
urged you to come; we welcomed you j we gave you oy>portunit} , we gave
you land : we conferred upon you the diadem of American citizenship—
and then we left you.
Premier Lloyd George vs. Northcliffe,
With a Forecast of the Future
By J. L. GARVIN, Editor London Observer
The chief significance of the prime minister’s declaration in the :
commons is that it marks him out as not only the nation’s leader of new
causes of peace and progress after Armageddon but probably the world’s ,
leader as well. We must remember what an incomparable advantage Brit
ish political conditions give in the long run to any man who achieves j
personal supremacy.
Long after Wilson has ceased to be president of the United States
or Clemenceau to be French premier, Lloyd George in all likelihood will
not only play the same part as he does now but will be more and more
recognized ns the strongest statesman of his time.
If the league of nations is to be a living and working reality, if the
world is to be saved from war before the lapse of another decade, Lloyd j
George, in our view, will have to do more than any other statesman to
develop the league and to avert calamity in democratic affairs.
It is about as certain as anything in the future can be that if North
cliffe continues the controversy on personal lines such controversy would
mean the end of Noithcliffe as a proprietor of syndicated newspapers.
Legislation would be introduced and carried putting an end to multiple
proprietorship of the opinion-making powers of the press.
“It Is Hard to Find Words to Paint
German Portrait Black Enough”
By JOHN BURROUGHS
Such a fighting machine a? the Germans turned out the world never
before had seen. The tread of their armies seemed to make the world
tremble. But lacking moral force, lacking a worthy cause, bent only on
murder and arson and pillage, void of enthusiasm for human weal and
human rights, they had no sustaining power, and went to pieces on the
moral purpose of the enemy as the waves break upon the granite rocks.
An empire in ruin is what we now behold. The vulture devours its own
vitals.
It i6 hard to find words to paint the German portrait black enough.
Tx?t any fair-minded, cool-headed man sit down and try dispassionately
to think of the deeds they have been guilty of in this war, and see if he
does not gTow hotter and hotter the longer he thinks.
There are still 70,000,000 Germans all unrepentant. In a few gen
erations there will lie 100,000,000 of them, and they will not have changed
for the good one iota. Their porcine propensities and unscrupulous char
acter will remain unabated. They are of the earth earthy. They wallow
in materialism; they have ceased to produce literature, art, music or
philosophy; they have run all to materialism for the past two or three
generations, and to expect, any radical change in them is to expect thp
serpent to walk upright or to forget to use its fang3.
FEED CROPS TO LIVE STOCK
Investigations Show Profit From
Feeding Steers on Surplus Corn
and Roughage.
(Prepared (>y tie EniteU Stat'-s Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
That (lie southern farmer who raises
a surplus ofcorn and farm roughage
can market them at a handsome price
through steers of good quality, when
properly purchased, and can retain
fertilizing elements 01 the teeds on
his farm, is clearly shown in recent
Investigations by the I'nited States
department of agriculture.
Three lots of native steers, grade
animals two to three years old, of
medium good duality, and averaging
about 825 pounds at the beginning of
the experiment, were fed for about
live months on full feed. 1 he ani
mals in lot 1 received a daily allow
ance of ."9.1 pounds of corn silage, 5.7
pounds of cottonseed ureal, 4.!* pounds
of oat straw; those of lot 2, .‘57.4
pounds of corn silage, 7.(5 pounds of
>ar corn, 15 pounds of cottonseed meal.
,nd 2.9 pounds of oat straw; and the
deers Of lot .‘5, 548.5 pounds of corn
iiltige, 6 pounds shelled corn, 55 pounds
•ottonseeil meal, and 54.5 pounds of
>at straw.
At marketing time these groups of
tnimals averaged, respectively. 1,0<4.
,050, and 1,060 pounds an animal, the
.eeves of lot 1 having accomplished a
laily gain of 1.56 pounds, those of lot
!. 1.66 pounds, and the animals of
troup 54, 1.7 pounds during the feed
ng period.
When the pork made is credited to
he steers of iots 2 and 54, they paid
for «oru at 70 cents a bushel, and
then made over $14 a head profit, or
almost as much income as resulted
from tiie cottonseed meal-fed steers.
Without tmgs following the steers the
feeding of corn would have been con
siderably less profitable than feeding
cottonseed meal alone. It cost $9,554
to make 100 pounds of gain in the
case of lot 1. $10.82 for lot 2, and $10.75
for lot 3, where no pork credit is given
the steers. Each steer in tots 1, 2 and
3 made a net profit of $15.19, $11.87.
and $11.48, respectively, when no
credit is given the steers of iots 2
and 3 for tile pork produced. This
pork credit probably amounted t<
about $5! a steer.
It is particularly noteworthy that
the shrinkage in transit to market <d
these cattle during a 544-hour or
n
1
A Bunch of Southern Cattle.
ranged from 54 to G-t pounds a he*ad
which indicates that silage, where
properly fed in conjunction with sup
piemen tu ry grains, results in les:
shrinkage in transit than where catth
are fattened on grass and marketer
directly from pastures. The steer:
under consideration in this experimen
made good killing records, the car
<-assf< being well covered with fa
and generally satisfactory. The aid
mals of lot 1 made a dressing recore
of 58.2 per cent, those of lot 2, 57.!
per r ent, and those of lot 2, 57.4 per
cent of marketable meat.
PROVIDE SWINE WITH SHADE
Many Hogs Die During Summei
Months If Not Given Protection
of Some Kind.
Many hogs die from tin* effects o1
heat during the summer months. It
there is no natural shade In the pas
ture, plaees should lie provided where
tile hogs may got relief from the heat
A cheap and practical plan *s to build
sheds with roofs of polos and straw
supported by posts. This will allow
the free circulation of air. and If ill*
water supply is near, will enable the
lmgs to pass tin* hot weather safely.
/iiiiiMiiiiiiMiimiMiiiiMiimiiiiimmmit
1 LIVE STOCK NOTES |
nimiiiimiimiimiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiimiiir
Orphan lambs can be raised on cow’i
milk.
• * •
When a few sheep are eared foi
properly one may expect n flock In t
short time.
* • •
When legume hay Is used as a horse
feed, the quality should be good and
the quantity fed limited.
* * *
There should be a pasture for the
colts, so that it will not lie necessary
for them to follow the team Into the
9eld.
NO SECRECY IN MEAT SITUATION WHEN
' UNITED STATES REPORTS ARE UTILIZED
!
Government Market Reports Follow These Porkers to Market.
(Prepared by tlio United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
That every one interested in ment—
from tin* sleek raiser to the consumer
- may have tiie benefit of knowing
market conditions in the meat indus
try, tiie bureau of markets. United
| states department of agriculture, is
sues daily and other reports to facili
tate distribution, improve transporta
tion. stabilize values ant! to help tin'
producers in placing their stock where
it will sell to the best advantage.
Ori the assumption that the dissemi
nation of market information will tend
to improve conditions, the bureau of
markets lias developed a system of
market reporting that lias already had
some effect In restoring confidence in
the markets. While the Information
made available by the bureau is being
used most extensively by those active
ly engaged in some branch of the live
stock or meat industries, it is believed
that sooner or later the public gener
ally will utilize this knowledge and
with it bring into line any retailers
who reduce consumption by an unwar
ranted margin of profit.
Present Market-Reporting System.
The present market-reporting sys
tem, which was begun In the fall of
1916, has developed rapidly, and at
present there are 17 service centers,
each of which distributes daily, week
ly and monthly reports on the various
brandies of the industry. These In
clude daily reports on meat-trade con
ditions in Boston, New York, Philadel
phia. Washington, Pittsburgh, Snr
Francisco and IjOS Angeles; daily re
ports on live-stock loadings; daily re
ports on the estimated receipts am
prices of live stock at Chicago am
Kansas City; reports of live-stod
movements in grazing and feeding sec
tions; monthly reports on stocks o'
I frozen and cured meats, eggs am
poultry; monthly reports on live-stod
receipts and shipments at all puhlh
stock yards, and month'y estimates 01
the supply of marketable live stock.
The report on meat trade condition:
at the leading markets brings to tin
| small dealers, as well as to producers
information that was formerly pos
sossed only by the larger moat-parkin)
institutions. Specialists obtain full in
formation daily on the fresh-meat sup
ply. including various grades of beef
veal, pork, lamb and mutton at tie
markets, and this Information is tnh
ulated and distributed widely by tele
graph, through n leased-wire system
to meat-market centers. In a s'imiia
manner daily price quotations arc fur
nished on different grades of 11 v
stock. As applied to fresh meats, till
service results In giving to the pnhll
full information as to the supply am
accurate data on values of all com
men ial grades. Secrecy is eliminate!1
so that when prices on meats are hig!
ns compared with values on foot, it i
possible to locate the profiteer.
Shipments Reported Each Day.
Thiilv reports prepared hy the tnirea
furnish the industry with informntio:
on live-stock shipments. Tills inform?
tion is obtained from trnnsportatlo
companies who report hy wire one
night to the Chicago office of tii
| bureau. The wide distribution of th!
j information tends to stabilize value?
It furnishes to the produeer informa
tion which will enable him to ship hi
stock to market where there is th
greatest demand. A knowledge of th
. demand by smnller plants, which thes
reports furnish, has a tendency t
' stimulate competition among buyer
with the subsequent effect of raisin
values. Also, when the amount of liv
stock moving from production areas 1
known, it Is possible to regulate th
supply of ears needed and to deter
mine whether car shortages for an;
particular district are apparent o
real. Improving the system of dis
trihution makes fewer cars necessnrj
and they can lie moved witti greate
i dispatch.
The better distribution of live-stoc
receipts resulting from inforninlio
Obtained from the loading rejHirtH et
aides commission men and buyers t
: render lictlcr service in handling liv
stock after it arrives at the stoc
yards. Heavy receipts arriving unes
pectediy create congestion and eonfi
: | slon. which in turn invariably result i
j unnecessary shrinkage and costly d<
lays, working in reality an injury t
tile producer and thereby discourugin
production. v
Bureau Issues Variety of Reports.
An important branch of the llv<
stock reporting system of the hurea
of markets consists of the tetegrnphi
bulletins prepared hy representative
of (tie Chicago and Kansas City ol
flees, and issues from time to tlm
during the market hours of each daj
: They report the actual live-stock at
i rivals arid the exaci conditions of th
market, and. ura transmitted over th
bureau's leased wires In other markets
where local offices are established.
Markets all over the country rely on
these daily reports, and these prices
are used as a basis in determining
values.
Steady progress has hoen nutde by
the Intretiu in collecting anil distribut
iujr Information obtained from grazing
and feeding sections, which is of use
in lc ssening market congestion and
preventing violent fluetuntions in val
ues. Reports on meats in storage are
issued monthly. The bureau also
issues monthly reports on receipts and
shipments of live stock in Si of the
leading stock yards in the country. In
addition the bureau furnishes a week
ly bulletin, the I.ive Stock and Meat
Trade News, which supplies miscel
laneous trade information coming from
outside sources. All of the reports
Issued by the bureau are given wide
publicity and tire available to any per
son who litis use for them.
MAKE EQUIPMENT TO
CLEAN DAIRY PAILS
Heating Apparatus Is One of
Greatest Conveniences.
Low-Pressure Upright Boiler Is Desir
able Where a Large Number of
Cows Are Kept—Cream Sepa
rator Saves Labor.
(Prepared bv the Pr ied States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
One of the greatest conveniences on
the farm where cows are kept is some
• means of heating an abundance of
I water for washing the milk vessels.
Where a considerable number of Cows
• are kept, heating water by means of
i steam from a small, low-pressure up
right holler is desirable, hut on the
i small farm a stove with a basin fitted
into the top (or it may he separate
from the top) can he purchased
j cheaply, am! will serve the purpose,
I provided the water is properly heated.
Water can he pumped from the well
directly into the basin. In order to
avoid heating the milk room and to
do away with smoke and ashes, the
witter heater should he placed Immedi
ately outside the milk room and. If ele
vated, the water from it can be run
into tin* washing vat.
Some equipment is necessary in
which to wash utensils used in han
dling milk. A vat is very convenient.
One end of the vat can be used for
I washing and the other for rinsimg ami
. scalding.
Fiber brushes for washing rniik
utensils should replace the common
,. dishrag. as they do better work and
are more easily kept clean.
On every farm where as many a?
four or five cows are kept a cream sep
1 arntor is advisable, as it will reduce
I the* labor required in handling tin
! milk from cows more than any other
( , one thing.
. j A refrlgerator or ice hot is deslrahh
, I upon every farm where either a few
I or many cows tire kept If it is prac
ticable to secure Ice for use In sum
s 1 m! r
Livestock
1 Every farm should have a smul
Hock of sheep.
, * * *
Turnips make a Rood and cheap fal
' forage for hogs.
* * *
r
c
1
j
i*
<
Ranginess in the young stock is !
highly desirable quality.
« * *
Rape Is one of Iho common nnmm
pasture crops for hogs and sheep.
* * *
For feeding calves, no ration bn:
been found which will do as well a:
milk. *
* * *
Sows running through filth and tliei
i being suckled will often cause pigs t<
’ scour.
* * *
Calves nre always greedy, and fo
this reason over-feeding should hi
avoided.
I ...
^ Owners of beef-breeding cows shouh
use every possible means to insure i
maximum number of ealves.
* * *
The high price of wool and the dt
mand for mutton have caused fanner
j to look with more favor on sheep.
ATTENTION TO EARTH RGADS
Authority on Highway Construction
Likes Concrete, but Favors More
Care of Lanes.
“More attention has got to be paid
to the earth roads if the coining bond
elections are to go over.” This is tins
| opinion of E. L. Stevens, inventor and
road export. Mr. Stevens is, perhaps,
I one of the most unique characters in
| the road-building world. A graduate
civil engineer, he felt the tremendous
need for the perfection and develop
ment of the road system of America,
lie stepped out from the promising
channels of the regular engineering
profession and went down almost be
low the level of ordinary men to study
road building, says Rocky Mountain
News, lie has made road building and
maintenance his life work and is now,
probably, as well qualified as any man
r
i
0\
A
<& **&L? 4:
Sand-Clay Road Well Cared For.
to tell the methfxis for the proper op
building of the nation's highway sys
tem.
For a number of years Mr. Stevens
has been highway commissioner for
the Estes Park highway. This piece
of road work in itself is a testimony
to his ideals. He Is also the inventor
, of the Stevens improved road drag.
1 one of the simplest and most efficient
road machines on the American mar
ket.
Mr. Stevens believes in concrete
highways and prepared boulevards,
hut he also believes that the earth
road, which comprises more than 80
per cent of file country’s highways, is
of no less importance. “A concrete
highway isn't going to do a farmer
much good if he has got to haul his
load three miles through hub-deep mud
before lie gets to it,” is Mr. Stevens’
attitude.
The farmer is the man who is going
to pay for most of the country roads,
and although concrete roads are need
ed where the traffic is sufficiently
heavy the earth roads that feed the
concrete road must be kept up.
As an Inventor of road machinery,
a road engineer, a road supervisor ami
a road worker for his practicalities
and the life dream of better roads us
his idealism. Mr. Stevens Is ably qual
ified to judge highway problem*.
UTAH TO SPEND $8,000,000
Part of Money Is to Be Spent for Im
provements on Arrowhead Trail
to California.
The state of Utah has decided to
spend about %S,000,000 on roads in the
next two years, with an expenditure
this year of about $2,000,(XX). Some of
the Utah millions, which are made up
of state and federal funds, are going
to be used on the development of the
' Arrowhead trail, which is tributary to
ail parts of southern California, from
; San Diego and Imperial valley on the
I south to Fresno and San Luis Obispo
I on the north.
$300,000,000 FOR HIGHWAYS
Sum Which If Capitalized at 5 Per
Cent Would Represent Invest
ment of $6,000,000,000.
, ; Government road officials estimate
that road construction and mainte
nance In the United States Involve an
I annual outlay of over $.'$00,000,000, »
sum, which, If capitalised at 5 per
cent, would represent an Investment
of $6,000,000,000. There has never
been a nation-wide traffic census to
show either the direction or volume
! of traffic over these highways.
Roads Must Be Linked Up.
If we are to keep costs down, our
highways must lie linked up and there
must be throftgh trunk lines provided
to which feeders can be built.
Lower Hauling Costs.
Hauling costs are lowered by good
* roads because the size of the load Is
1 limited by the worst spot in the road.
One of Major Activities.
Rond building will shortly become
* one of the major activities of our
i government.