F FLOWERS AND VINES BEAUTIFY THE COTTAGE
?■? . I M 1.1 II
,-P
Posies and Clinging Green Afford an Air of Refinement and Pride in ine
Home. The Variety of Easily Grown Flowers Is Unlimited and Majority Are
Excellent Producers.
TO HAVE POSIES
ADORN THE HOME
Variety in Garden Annuals Will
Assure Choice Blossoms
Throughout Season.
MANY WILL SEED THEMSELVES
When Once Established Numerous
Splendid Flowers Will Grow Year
After Year—Endless Combi
nations Are Possible.
Sufficient variety in planting the
garden annuals will assure cut flow
ers all summer, suggests the United
.States Department of Agriculture.
There are bo many different garden
flowers that are easy to raise, that al
most endless combinations muy be se
lected.
One would surely want an abun
dance of blue cornflowers, sometimes
called “bachelor's buttons.” "ragged
sailor," "ragged robin,” or n variety
of other names. When placed in wa
ter after cutting, the flowers Increase
in siz-e. The seeds of these annuals
should be sown in the fall or in the
spring from the time the ground is tit
to work until the Inst of May in the
North and the last of June in the
South. They may be started earlier
under gins#. The young plants should
be thinned to 4 to 6 inches apart.
They thrive well on all moderately
rich garden soils. When once estab
lished they will usually reseed them
selves year after year.
Scablosa. often railed mourning
bride, pin-cushion flower, and sweet
scabious, is an easily grown old-fash
ioned half-hardy annual that Is very
attractive and satisfactory both for
cutting and for borders and beds. The
flowers, which vary from white
through rose, crimson and blue to al
most black, are borne on long stems
and keep a long time either on the
plant or when cut. The seed should
be sown in the open ground after dan
ger from hard frost is past and the
plants will bloom in about 12 weeks.
There are also hardy perennial kinds.
The Popular Zinnia.
The home garden is not complete
without zinnias, sometimes called
“youth-and-old-age.” They are easily
grown from seed sown in the open
ground. When sown as soon as the
ground is fit to work, the plants will
bloom abundantly and continuously
through the entire season. Of late
great .Improvements have been
wrought both in the color and form
of thCj flower. Their colors are white,
yellow1, oronge, pink, rose and scarlet.
“ the \fionth of August zinnias
Jioir beVt.
pure lnfl"ge flowers and a pro
If blp'oin the plants must he
mpye room for full develop
w#*U ns an abundant supply
jpfrong rich soils suit them,
seeds are sown in a dwelling
Jor in a hotbed and the young
! are pricked out once or twice
being placed In their perma
lituntions more satisfactory re
fill he secured than from out
fcwn seeds, unless equal care In
Ing or transplanting is given,
llant ^ can be used for groups.
I borders, garden lines and f.um
lu iges. 'I'lieir average height Is
et, ranging from 2 to .1 feet
■bre;
are two forms of “baby’s
of which the perennial Is
sometimes considered best, hut the an
nunl
feet
ape may he used with good ef
l>r combining with other cut
flowers. It is sown in the open ground
as soon as freezing weather is past.
For Fall Blossoms.
The China aster is certainly one of
the most satisfactory of the annual
flowering plants. Its habit of growth ,
adapts the China aster to close plant
ing for cut bloom, for window boxes
and also for bedding. It should not
be confused with the attractive native,
hardy perennial asters.
Plants from seed sown in the open
ground in May and supplied sutllcieut
moisture bloom abundantly in Septem
ber und October, when the flowers are
seen at their best. For July and Au
gust blooms, the seeds should be sown
in March or April. When frosts occur
during this season the planting will ,
need to be done in a coldfratne, a
spent, hotbed or in pots or boxes in a
living rnoni. Cover the seed about
half au inch deep with rich light soil,
and whpn the plants have three or
four leaves transfer them to thumb
pots or to other boxes, setting the
plants abont two Inches apart.
After ull danger of frost is past
transplant the plants so treated to i
their permanent home, where they !
should stand about eighteen inches j
apart eacli way in well-prepared beds.
Fresh manure or manure used in too
large quantities sometimes proves in
jurious to them. Only thoroughly com
posted manure mixed with the soil is
safe for these plants. Small quanti
ties of air-slaked lime or of fresh
wood ashes stirred Into the surface of
the beds are beneficial. When given
plenty of water and rich, tine soil
China asters can be grown into beau
tiful pot plants.
In the gaillardias, or blanket flow
ers, are found both annual and peren
nial plants of easiest culture, offering
a wide selection of varieties and a
profusion of bloom over a long period.
The blooming period begins early and
Petunia Window Box.
continues late in the autumn. These
are plants well adapted to mixed bor
ders and are very satisfactory as cut
flowers. The stems are of good length,
carrying the orange and crimson flow
ers well, while the cut flowers keep
fresh for a long time when placed In
water. The perennial types are often
preferred.
Plants Need Sun and Air.
The annual gnlllardias are all propa
gated readily from seeds sown where
they1 are to grow soon after freezing
weather is past, although they can he
started under glass and be transplant
ed to their permanent location as soon
as killing frosts have passed. In
either case, the blooming plants
should not stand closer together than
10 to 12 inches. They grow and bloom
best when fully exposed to sun and
air and when planted on a fertile but
light and well-drained soil.
Among various pleasing flowers one
may choose from stock, calendula,
candytuft, al.vssum, phlox drum
tnondil, petunias, ageratum, verbena,
dahlias and gladiolus. Each gardener
will have personal preferences easy
to satisfy with the long list suitable
for cutting when to blocm.
Where Your Taxes Go
How Uncle Sam Spends Your Money
in Conducting Your Business
By EDWARD G. LOWRY
Author “Washington Close-Ups." ''Banks and Financial Systems," etc. Contributor
Political and Ec>>noraic Article* to Leading Periodical* and a Writer of Recognized
Authority on the National Government’* Business Method*.
Copyright, Western Newspaper Union
XV.
BUDGET SYSTEM A START
The remedy is already being applied
to remove some of the conditions I
have described. A budget plan has
been put into effect. A director of the
budget, in the person of Gen. Charles
G. Dawes, lias been appointed to of
fice. General Dawes is at work now
trying to find out in detail where the
money conies from which you pay to
run the government and where it goes
and how properly to apportion it
among the spending agencies of the
government. He is just at the begin
ning of his big task, but the work has
begtfn. That is the important thing.
The budget and accounting act pro
vides for the presentation by the I
President of a regular and alternative 1
budget of the United States to congress
on the first Monday in December, 1921,
covering the fiscal year ending June
80, 1923.
Recognizing in the budget machinery
created by this law an agency through
which executive policy and pressure
involving better business administra
tion could be exerted, Mr. Ilarding
assembled on June 29. 1921, for the
first time, the heads of departments
and independent organizations and bu
reau chiefs, and after announcing n
government policy of economy and ef
ficiency, directed that an immediate
attempt with the budget machinery be
made to reduce expenditures under the
appropriations of the current year end
ing June 30, 1922.
General Dawes, director of the
budget, has reported to the President
$112,512,028.32 “as the estimated sav
ings in expenditures reported to me
by the heads of departments and in
dependent organizations, in compli
ance with your directions to all con
cerned to secure a reduction in expen
ditures under appropriations and bal
ances available during the current fis
cal year, where consistent with the
mandatory' obligations imposed by con
gress, either direct or Implied.
“Of this amount, $22,822,113.14, per
taining to continuous appropriations
and involving for the most part build
ing and construction, will be post
poned for expenditure in future years
unless otherwise decided by congress.
Whatever may be the relation of total
expenditures to total revenues at the
end of the current year, which, for
various reasons, including possible
new legislation, the operations of the
shipping board, the railroad adminis
tration, and fluctuation in current re
ceipts of the postoffice department,
cannot be predicated at this time, the
above amount is that much of a con
tribution to a more favorable relation.
“This fine response to your request
from the heads of the departments
anil Independent organizations and bu- |
reau chiefs, incidental to your assump
tion of responsibility as the business
head of governmental administration,
infers the existence in their minds of
three principles involving improve
ment in governmental business, which j
should not he overlooked.
“First, that the business organiza
tion of government hereafter assumes
that the minimum amount of money I
to be expended in any fiscal year Is
not, of necessity, the sum appropri
ated in advance by congress, but the
smallest amount upon which the busi
ness of the government can be effi
ciently administered under the pro
gram outlined by congress.
“Second, that the minds of the busi
ness administrators of government
have been diverted from a too easy
reliance upon the custom of deficiency
appropriations.
“Third, that where congress has dl
rected the expenditure of certain sums
for specific purposes, an executive
pressure will now be exerted for more
efficient and economical administration
in order to produce greater result from
the given expenditure, and also wher
ever possible, to complete the given j
project for a less amount than the :
total appropriated for the purpose."
The budget system was established
because of an acute public interest in ;
the expenditures of government, ac- j
tively and continuously displayed by
the tax payers. It was established in
response to a public demand. The |
house of representatives has changed
its way of appropriating money to con
form to the budget system. It has
only one great appropriation commit
tee which authorizes all the expendi
tures for the house. The senate has i
not followed suit. If this newly in- ;
stalled budget system is to be a sue- j
cess it must have your active support j
and understanding and derive an added
authority from your approval and sup
port.
WRITE TO THESE MEN.
The chief defects, or places where
waste Is apparent in the conduct of
the business of the government, that
1 have pointed out in these articles,
have been, tirst, the excessive propor
tion of the government income that
went for military expenditures; sec
ond, the chaotic condition and lack
of adequate supervision and control
of expenditures, which have been ,in
part remedied by the introduction of
tiie budget system; and third, the hap
hazard organization of the govern
ment departments and the unorgan
ized condition that prevailed in gov
ernment employment.
The remedy for two of these condi
tions I hav# treated brielly in the
two immediately preceding articles. 1
come now to the matter of reorganiza
tion of tiie departments and the re
classification of government em
ployees. A beginning has been made
on both of these matters.
A joint committee o? tiie two houses
of congress, with Walter F. Brown as
chairman, is studying the whole ques
tion of organization of tiie government
and the function of tiie various de
partments and bureaus and independ
ent establishments. I cannot too
strongly advise you to keep yourself
In contact with the work that joint
committee is doing.
I have given you the names of the
members of the committee in another
article but I will repeat them here
They are Senators Siuoot of Utah.
Wadsworth of New York and Harrison
of Mississippi; Representatives Reavis
of Nebraska. Temple of Pennsylvania
and Moore of Virginia. Write to any
of them or to Mr. Brown, the chair
man of the committee, who represents
the President, with headquarters In
the house office building here at Wash
ington.
This Is the third or fourtli nttempt
that lias been made to effect a general
reorganization of the conduct of the
business of tiie executive departments.
They have all failed through lack of
Interest. There was lack of public in
terest, and consequently lack of inter
est in congress.
This Joint committee Is at work now.
it Is collecting facts. It is finding out
the actual condition. It is studying
the departments. Presently It will
make a report to congress. If you
will show an active, insistent interest
In tiie work that it is doing, congress
will take action. If you do not show
this Interest, there is every chance In
the world that no action will be taken,
and that things will remain much as
ever.
Hundreds of special Interests are
’Mooring for the rMention of eon
mss. All of them are organized
io.'.f r.f them keep representatives
■o m Washington. They present to
individual members of congress In a
hundred skillful, shrewd, subtle ways
arguments to support the legislation
they are seeking to advance. It would
take two or three columns of this
newspaper merely to print a list of
the organizations and associations that
are here to keep congress mindful of
their interests.
In this great clamor the common
public interest is likely to be sub
merged. In fact, too often it has been
submerged. This matter of economies
and reorganizing tha business of the
government and taking up the tedious
details of administration is a dull busi
ness. It has been neglected and put
off time after time because of a lack
of public interest and driving force
behind it.
If you will supply this driving force
now and display a sustained interest,
you can at least put the business of
government of tbe United States on
an efficient basis. Congress has been
negligent because you have been negli
gent, but now at last the thing has
run along so far that something musi
be done about it.
Used Insects to Fight Insects.
Control of destructive inserts by
(he Introduction of their natural en
emles has become an important tech
| nique during the last generation
writes Paul Popenoa in Science. But
if competent observers are to be trust
ed. the southern Arabs employer] the
same method more than 100 years age
in the culture of the date palm.
In his "Relation d’un Voyage dans
I’Yemen,” P. E. Botta says:
“I was able to verify the singular
fact previously observed by Korslcal
that the date palm in Yemen are at
tacked by a species of ant which would
I cause them to perish if each year thf
| growers did not bring from the rnoun
■ tains and fasten in the tops of th*
palms branches of a tree that I dir
not recognize, which contain* the neat
of another specie* of ant which de j
stroys that of the date palm."
Camera Built on Eya’a Plan.
The camera Is nothing more or lex j
than a huge model of the eye. l.lgh
passing through the lens of the ey.
is focussed on the retina, which <*»>i
responds exactly to the ground glas
screen or the plute of the camera
Though the retina’s chief use la t.
) send an Impression to the brain It I
i capable of retaining tin Image for a»in
I lime, l.lght has the same effect on i
f <in u photographic plate. T«> te*
i jin* truth of this you have only to <<►
| tor a moment at some brightly Ilium
unted object, and then to cast the .**.
up to the white ceiling; you * n>
that you aee the Image ef the oii*>
• tor a long time.
EASTER
The Sabbath night had passed, and in
the east
The first pale streaks of rose fore
told the day,
When from the city, Mary Magdalene
And others, bearing spices, came to
lay
Them in the Master’s tomb.
They marveled that the stone which
had been sealed
Was rolled away, and stooping down
they saw
inside the tomb two angels robed in
white,
Whose radiance made them bow
their heads in awe—
“He is not here," they heard.
"Did He not say that He would rise
again?
Seek ye the living, then, among the
dead?”
And, trembling, Mary and the others
went
To His disciples, telling what was
said.
Yet one would not believe.
For Thomas told his brethren, “Till
I've thrust
My hand into the Master's wounded
side,
And felt the prints of nails inside His
hands.
I’ll not believe He lives again who
died.”
And later Christ appeared.
He bade the doubting Thomas make
his tests,
Who did and said, “My Lord,” and
Christ replied,
“Because you have beheld me, you
believe,
But those who have not seen my
hands and eide
And yet believe, are blessed.”
—Velma West Sykes in Kansas City
Star.
HOME-GROWN EASTER LILIES
Experiments Made by the United
States Department of Agriculture
Have Been Successful.
When it first became known that ex
periments in raising Easter lilies from
seed were being carried on by the De
partment of Agriculture, few florists
were prepared to believe that the
undertaking possessed any commercial
value beyond the possibilities of pro
ducing new hybrids. The results of
these experiments, which have now
been carried on for four years, indi
cate, the department specialists be
lieve, that this country can develop an
important industry.
On the Arlington experimental farm,
which is Just across the l’otomac river
from Washington, department special
ists produce the lily seeds in green
houses by artificial pollination. These
seed are planted about January 1,
pricked out into small pots, und in
May the young plants are set in the
open ground. T(>ey develop rapidly,
nnd by July or August some of the
plants reach sufficient size to beur
blooms. In October or November the
•:••••• 5
m i\
American-Grown Lilies.
plants are lifted, potted, and removed
to the greenhouse. Without undue
forcing the plants will come into full
bloom the following February to April
—15 months after the seed has been
planted. Those plants which bloom
in July or August and from which the
bloom stalk lias been cut may send
out two or three stalks and can be
forced to bloom again by Faster.
Many commercial growers are much
Interested in the work which is being
conducted on the Arlington farm, and
officials of the department believe that
It will not lie long until an industry
will lie developed in this country which
will make lily growers here independ
ent of any foreign supply of bulbs.
Her Easter
~ ' xsr
Contribution
^^BONNER
Since her hnsband had died and had
left her very poorly ott the cynical
relations had wondered what had made
her ever marry him in the first place.
And some of them had said that doubt
less she had had her eyes shut when
she took him.
But such was not the case. She
had always been very happy despite
her poverty. They had been generous
even with their little, and the relatives
who were hopeful that the jewels she
possessed would later realize them
something had said that fools and their
money were soon spotted. They were
afraid that others who were more
friendly and more sincere would be
left that which they felt as blood heirs
should be theirs.
The little old lady of whom they
talked for a long time had wanted to
get a copy of the Apocrypha. The va
rious family Bibles which also con
tained these books were so old as to
be crumbling to pieces.
So site went to the nearest Book
shop of the town. “Have you the
Apocrypha?” she asked.
“The what?" asked the bookseller,
“The Apocrypha," she repeated.
Now, the bookseller was proud ol
his reputation of huvlng every book
which could be asked for within any
degree of reason. And he kept right
"It's Not Out Yet, la It?"
up to date, too, reading all book notes
and notes of future publications.
But here was one he had not read
about. Somehow It must have escaped
him.
"It’s not out yet, is It?” he asked.
“Yes,” the little old lady answered.
“Well, It couldn't have been out
very long, I don’t believe,” he added.
“It all depends upon what you call
‘long,’ ” she had answered amusedly.
“It has been out about a thousand or
two thousand years, that’s all,” sha
added.
She had told me this story with
genuine relish, but afterward she had
\ been glad she had not been uble to
buy the Apocrypha then. She found
she really could not afford It; sha
could afford nothing to speak of, at
the present time. And Easter was
coining along, too, the time when she
wanted always to make some special
contribution—some little act of de
nial.
She was a very frail little old lady,
and very obviously of that strata of
society known as the "genteel poor.”
Always I had been fascinated by a
little gold chain she wore. From It
dangled a quaint charm. There was
a little chair made out of coral, and
a gold water jug, the top of which
could he taken off, and a locket made
like a little purse, and an American
gold dollar,
“I want to ask you something," she
whispered to me one day. “I don’t
like to speak of it to anyone else—
you know—they might object, though
it's mine! I own it!” This iust was
said with n touch of pride. “You
know my gold dollar on this chain?
I've had It since I wns a little girl.”
She went over that time again, told
me how her father had given It to her.
Just a small homely kind of a story
Then she went on:
“I’m wondering where I could sell It
where I’d get the most for It My In
come has dwindled down pretty well
these last few years.” She smiled
bravely. "But I'd like to sell It—
for a dollar, anyway, if I could. I
Just couldn't bear It if I didn’t glv*
a dollar toward the Easter offering—
and It’s so much more fun when
there’s just a scrap of denial in it”
And when she later sealed iier dollar
inside the special envelope to be put
io the plate or. Easter day I thought
that the Widow's Jllte, after all. was
an Incident not solely conlined to th«
pages of the Bible 1
Copy risk t. uu, WMtwi Mowoposor Uol—l.