Home Distilling
Made Less Easy
Government Makes Elaborate Ar
rangements to Discourage
Private Plants.
TAXES, FINES AND PRISOF
Manufacture of Whisky in Commercia
Quantities Made Especially Diffi
cult—Home Stills Are Offi
cially Defined.
Washington. — Ambitions drinkers
who expected to set up their own litth
stills and maintain an individual onsU
against the national drought are to hi
cheeked up, taxed and policed by tin
Internal revenue bureau of the treas
ury department.
The bureau sent notice to every col
lector or Internal revenue of the re
nuirements for registering and paying
taxes on stilU. The regulations art
rigid and apparently the only escnpi
■for the Individual defiant will he it
the home manufacture of the distiller}
as well as the spirits.
Then is given the following notice
“Under federal laws and regulations
manufacturers of stills are require!
to pay an annual special tax of $5(
and in addition thereto $20 for enel
still or worm for distilling made In
them. All persons, firms or corpora
tions thus manufacturing a still 01
worm to he used in distilling are deem
ed manufacturers of stills. This ap
plies to all stills capable of tlie pro
duction of distilled spirits but doe:
not apply to small laboratory still:
(usually glass) for legitimate Inborn
tory purposes or to water stills wide]
are not capable of and Intended fo
the production of distilled spirits. Or
dinarlly laboratory stills are smol'
constructed of glass and not adapte
to tin* commercial production of dis
tilled spirits.
How Stills Are Defined.
“Any stills or worms adapted to th
production of distilled spirits for coir
mcrcial or beverage purposes are prt
*mned to tie intended for such use an
In consequence the manufacture then
of involves the manufacturer In speeds
tax liabilities as above. In order t
remove such presumption In the ens
of stills and worms intended to b
used in the manufacture of essentia
oils, vinegar and like products and I
purification of water (other than smal
glass laboratory stills) the person fo
whom such still is made will !«• rc
qulretl to submit to the Collector ev
tlcnce under oath showing that th
.still Is not to be used for the proilui
lion of spirits and setting forth sp<
cdfieally the actual purposes for wide
it Is to be used.
“The manufacturer of any still, hoilc
or any vessel to be used for the pui
pose of distilling must, before th
, some Is removed from the place ol
manufacture, notify In writing the col
lector of the district In which such
still, hoiler or other vessel Is to he set
tip, hy whom it Is to he used, Its on
parity and the time when the same if
■ to he removed from the place of manu
I facture. Manufacturers of stills for
industrial distilleries are exempt from
the special tax for the manufacture
of such stills, but they are required
to obtain permits for their removal
in the usual manner. Penalty for fail
ure to tile return of special tax with
in tlie time prescribed hy law Is 2a
per centum of the amount of die tax,
, I Penalty for carrying on the business
of manufacturer of stills without hav
, ! ing paid the special tax required by
, ; law is n fine of not less than .$100 or
more than $5,000 and imprisonment
| of not less than 30 days or more than
! two years.
“All stills set up, whether Intended
! for use or not, must he registered
1 with tlie collector of the district on
, |_
form 2(5 in duplicate. This applies to
nil stills of whatever size or for what
ever purpose Intended, whether for
distillation of spirits or for pharm
aceutical or other purposes except ns
to small glass laboratory stills. Pen
alty for failure to register still is a
forfeiture of the still or distilling ap
paratus which is not so registered, to
gether with all personal property in
I the possession or custody or under con
trol of such offender and found in his.
building or in any yard or inclosure
connected with the building in which
the same may he set up.
Tip for Home Distillers.
“A person who makes a mash fit for
distillation is held to be a distiller
! even though he does not vaporize or
! condense the spirit. A mash fit for
distillation Is a fermented beer in
j which alcohol is generated. Obviously
tiie making of such a mash is not per
j missihle in the home brewing of beer
or home production of spirits, since
it renders the manufacturer liable as
j an illicit distiller. Penalty for Illicit
1 distillation Is forfeiture of the distil
lery and distilling apparatus and nil
j distilled spirits and raw materials for
the production of distilled spirits found
I on. the distillery premises, and a fine
| of not less than .$500 or more than $5,
000 and imprisonment of not less than
i six months or more than three years.”
Russian Famine
is Widespread
Prisoners Straggling Back Find
Fatherland Greatly Changed
Since War.
\
• | MAKE BREAD OUT OF STRAW
r
•; Returning Soldiers Tell Tales of Piti
ful Suffering From Hunger in
Villages Through Which
They Passed.
With the American Forces in Norll
Russia.—Russian soldiers returnini
I from Germany to their homes in north
| orn Russia find their fatherland vnstl:
I changed since they went to war. Score
of these soldiers tire passing througl
the bolshevik lines and making thei
' way to the American and other alllet
j outposts.
1 They tell tales of pitiful suffcrinj
I ! from hunger In the villages througl
r | which they passed. One of them, F
| Evlnmpleff of Archangel, thus de
. wrmri ms experiences:
8 Famine Reigns at Petrograd.
“At Petrograd we were sent to hat
-- racks, where a bolshevik ofiieer start
li e<l to rend us the soviet program. Tin
prisoners protested. ‘Give us firs
r something to eat, and then read u
- your program,’ they cried. Then tin
e commissar gave up trying to read tin
Can Use Growing
Trees for Radio
Washington. — Before the
American Physical society, hold
ing its annual spring meeting
at the United States bureau of
standards, Maj. Gen. George O.
Squier, chief signal officer of the
army, announced a discovery
which in importance and mag
nitude will startle the world.
It is the discovery that grow
ing trees can he used as natural
antennae for the radio telephone
and telegraph in both sending
and receiving messages. By
means of a metallic contact—
simply a spike driven into a tree
—it is possible to obtain and
transmit dispatches from and to
all corners of the earth.
program, saying we were not fit ele
ments for propaganda, and left us,
r.ttrn hi tj-. i nntrn iuMw »•* mi*
vance on his salary.
“Famine was reigning in Petrogrnd.
The first category (working people of
■ bolshevik sympathies) received one
pound of oats dally. The second cate
> gory received one-half pound. The cir
■ izens grind the oats in coffee mills to
1 make flour for bread. For Christmas
. the Petrogrnd Inhabitants received two
potatoes for each person. A slice of
bread is sold for “5 rubles. There was
no tobacco. People smoked cabbage
and nettle.
Wait for Bread Two Days.
“The situation at Vologda was the
same as in Petrograd. It was famine,
and the population stood in line for
bread sometimes two days. There was
no private commerce. The shops were
i empty.”
On his way from Vologda toward
! Archangel a commissar tried to coax
Evlampieff into serving in the red
army, and on his refusal sent him back
to Vologda. A peasant hid him in ..
load of hay and carried him to his un
cle's home in Torozk. In all the vil
lages lie passed through, he said, there
was famine. The peasants cut straw,
cook it and make bread. Eventually,
after a long Journey on foot through
I lie snow. Evlampieff reached his
home.
When .such prisoners reach the terri
tory of the provisional government of
tin1 north they art* cared for as well ns
possible. Many of them voluntarily
have joined the white guard army be
cause of their hatred of the bolshevik!.
Quite Enough.
Hoboken, N. J.—John Kelly, seven
ty, told the judge ids wife had him
ai rested 100 times. “That’s enough,”
said the judge, dismissing the wife’s
charge.
NOVEL AMERICAN SUBMARINE
maswsmmam*
•m
a
- V- fiy
GIVE FOOD INCREASE
- M.-—
A most unusual view of the now United .States “0"-boat with Its sub
merging apparatus .above water. Several submarines of this type are now at
unclior with the rest ot the Atlantic licet in the North river at New York.
The “O" bout opera ted cu this side of the water during the war, and performed
creditably.
Allies Plan Larger Ration for
7,000.000 Foes.
German Need of Fats Recognized in
Order by Military Com
mission.
Coblenz..—average uniform ra
tion for the 7,000,000 inhabitants of
the occupied areas of Germany will
"bo 030 grams a day for each person,
.according to the decision of the Inter
jellied military commission for food
.supply for the civilian population on
the left haul: of the Rhine.
In weight this is an Increase of 80
grams a day over that provided by the
German war regulations, but esti
mated In calories It means an increase
of 2,400 calories a day from the 1,400
allowed by the Germans. The in
crease In calorics was based on rc
j<orl.<* made by foo i experts that the
Germans needed mo -i futs.
The decision to allot end) inhab
itant 030 grams daily means that the
commission agrees to supply the food
not supplied by the Germans. The
food will be paid for by the German
government. It will be distributed
through cards issued by the German'
at prices sanctioned by the commis
sion.
The food is to come from the sup
plies accumulated by the interallks
relief organization and the army sup
ply depots in the occupied zones wi!
get 10 per cent of the total allotted
by tlie interallied organization foi
Germany.
The population of the America!
area of occupation is SoO.OOO and b
13 per cent of the occupied zones. The
distribution of food will begin ns sour
as it can be brought from Itofterdnm
—
The number of women employed bj
tlie railroads of the United States in
creased 70 per cent during the war.
TRAINING BETTERS HIS STATE
Young Chicagoan Is Aided to Higher
Wage by the Department
of Labor.
Washington.—IIow nn unskilled
workman Increased his wages (JO per
| cent In six months through the work
of the training service department of
1 labor is revealed in the story of a
young man who six months ago went
| to a Chicago machine shop and foun
dry looking for a Job. His only cx
| perlence had consisted In pushing a
; wheelbarrow to and from a concrete
mixer.
They gave him a job as a sweeper,
hut after working in the shop a few
weeks lie became interested In the ma
chines, particularly the boring mills
and hand screw machines. Because
lie spent more time watching the ma
chines than in working, he fell behind
in his work, hut the foreman learning
of ltis attraction toward the machines,
turned him over to the training in
structor for a chance.
WASHING WILL NOT KILL DISEASE GERMS
AND BACTERIA THAT LURK IN MILK CANS
Simple, Inexpensive, Yet Efficient Steam Sterilizer for Use on Any Farm
Where Milk and Cream Are Sold.
tr
,r> d by the United States Depart
ment ot Agriculture.)
a eh of rearm weather adds t *»
II ii iiryman’s problem of keeping
i , :k i'rem souring. It is commonly
; . a lhat bacteria in milk produces
cl. s which -spoil it and therefore
i an mis should be taken to reduce
’ bacteria content of milk as much
ns | ."siblc. This can be done, lirst, by
III h.ejng milk under clean conditions ;
si .ml. by cleanliness in bandling and
ki ; ng it in sterilized utensils, and
third, by cooling it and keeping it cold.
1 >i; . milk utensils, and even those
which apparently are clean but which
Pave not been sterilized, eon tain vast
ic -iibei’s of bacteria which are added
to i - hi; or cream when it comes in con
tact with them. It is true that even
when milk is produced under clean
didons it will contain a few bacter
i f..r when such milk is placed in un
s! lilized utensils or is run through
an unsterilized strainer cloth of the
separator, large numbers of bacteria
are added, which are apt to spoil it
<1 • ii< Idy. When dairy utensils are steri
lized Tty steam germs arc destroyed,
and therefore milk and cream in these
utensils will keep sweet much longer,
is • rilization of utensils on farms is
ii* ilher difficult nor expensive if the
simple steam sterilizer designed by
dairy specialists of tTit* United States
d' partment of agriculture is used.
Ejor Smaller or Larger Farms.
This sterilizer is designed to be of
greatest use to those who have one,
two or three ten-gallon or smaller cans
with a similar number of pails and a
strainer cloth, hut it can lie used to
o’Luu*. » W*^rt nund. . - - f
cans are required. In its construction
are needed first a rousting pan of stan
dard size (20 inches long, 14 incite,
wide and 3 inches deep), u close fitting
insulated cover to fit over this pan,
and a box with a removable top to tit
over the cover.
To make the cover, take a sheet of
heavy galvanized iron and cut it large
enough to allow it to project three
fourths of an inch over the edge ot
the pun. 1 ’.end- the edges of the sir et
so a : to form a shallow box with sides
three-eighths of an inch high. Then
eat out a cover for the shallow box
thus made. <‘ut a hole one and one
li If inches in diameter in the eentei
of both the cover and the box. Iron
braces should lto placed crosswise oi
tic lex to strengthen it. Then til
tin shallow box with paper or ashes
tos sheets, after which the top of tlit
box is carefully soldered on. Soldo
a round, galvunlzed-iron pipe four ant
one half inches long and one and one
half inches in diameter in the hole ir
the tenter of the cover.
The box with the removable covet
previously referred to should uiso lit
made of galvanized iron. This box
should be 11 inches high and largt
enough to fit on the cover just tie
scribed. The complete cost of th*
outfit should not be more than $3, ant
if a soldering outfit is available it cm
1 - m de at home, or any tinner can th
the job.
Kj t ng me oxermzcr.
To sterilize eairs, the roasting ] ;n
.should lx* placed on two burners of i
<"ook stove or an especially built briel
furnace. The pan should be fillet
with water to the depth of one ir.el
and the cover placed over it. As soot:
as the Witter heats sufficiently, steaii
will come out of tlie outlet pipe. nn<
its a rule it takes less than 15 minute*
to develop enough steam for steriliza
tion. When steam of sufficient heat (ill
least 205 degrees Fahrenheit) has beer
reached, place the can over the stean;
outlet for five minutes, then remove
shako out any water and place up
right on the floor. The can should lx
absolutely dry in two or three minutes
If not dry in that time it shows thal
the steam was not as hot as 205 do
grecs Fahrenheit, or that the can ha;
not been washed clean.
Fails and other utensils are st-’ri
lized in the same manner. Ilut t<
sterilize can covers, strainer cloths
separator parts and other small uten
sils it is necessary to use the box hav
ing the removable cover. When tin
steam begins to issue from the outle
pipe place the box over the sterilizer
put the small utensils in it and placi
the cover over the box. See that al
parts tit snugly so the steam will no
escape, and then proceed as in steri
lizing cans.
When properly operated, this steri
llzer destroys practically all bacteri:
In the utensils, including all dlscasi
genus. It will accomplish the sam
results as any sterili7.er in whit,
steam not under pressure is used. Kx
nevUiwiato wixfcv this sterilizer shov
i that the five-minute steaming is, for
| practical purposes as good as the la
to 30 minutes usually recommended,
Dcn't Forget Washing.
Before sterilizing, rinse all utensils
in cold water, then wash thoroughly
with hot water and washing powder.
Sterilization is not a substitute for
washing. If tlie sterilizer is to be used
longer than 40 or 50 minutes more
water should he added to the roasting
pan to make up for loss of evaporation.
It is advisable to have an accurate
thermometer with a scale reading to
212 degrees Fahrenheit in order to de
termine when tiie steam 1ms reached
enough heat for efficient sterilization.
When sterilization is being done in a
cold room it is recommended that
, some form of insulation lie used over
1 the utensils. A blanket easily can be
made for tins purpose. 'This is desir
able iu order to keep the pans or pails
j hot long enough after sterilization to
: dry out quickly. After the utensils are
j sterilized and dried they should be
: placed in a room free from dust and
1 should not be touched until milk is
placed in them.
DOGS AS BOYS’ PETS
REPLACED BY SHEEP
'
Each Canine Causes Loss of
$36.50 Every Year.
Farm-Demonntration Agent In Ken
tucky Itemizes Proposition on
Blackboard of Mountain
School House.
(T'rcpari'il by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
For every dog kept a loss of $30.50
must bo pocketed ovorv year. For
ev< ry sheep kop* a profit of $27.00
may be pocketed every year.
At least, that is the way die propo
sition was itemized on the blackboard
of a mountain selmolhouse by a farm
demoiistration agent in Kentucky. And
the figures were convincing. There was
not a sheep in the district tit tlie
time the figures were placed on tlit
blackboard. Somebody said there used
to be one sheep—a wether—"down tbt
mountain a ways,” but the dogs att
him.
A few weeks from the time the agent
1 placed the figures on the hoard tt
hoys oaeh had contrived to buy ;
sheep. Kleven dogs had been killed
Several other families, pestered in
their small sons, but still unwillinj
to kill their dogs, were trying to give
i the brutes away.
Similar movements were started a
1 other schools. Now, In that district
there are <522 hoys who are member
i of the sheep club. Among them the;
own 2,66.r> fine sheep. By the tas
returns, the dog population appear
1 to have increased also, hut the a gen
says this is not true. Formerly the:-'
was no sentiment for enforcement o
the dog law, he says, but now titer
is a very strong sentiment that way
and, while there has boon p conxidei
able decrease in the number of dogs
there is an apparent increase, beeaits.
people who formerly evaded the do;
fax now have to pay It.
V;
5
In feeding silage, only as mud
should be given us the animal wil
clean up at each feeding time.
* * *
Silage is a splendid stock food. I
gives tone to the animal. It is a lax
1 ative and a splendid conditioner.
* * *
ltape is the best and most profitabh
1 grazing crop for swine, and can b
i sown in the South at most any seasoi
of the year.
* * *
> It has been observed that sows fei
: alfalfa hay and a variety of feed
. and made to take exercise do not pn
■ duce hairless pigs.
i * * *
t It has been proved by the varlou
- experiment stations that the self-feed
er is the most prolltable method o
• feeding from every point of view.
i * * *
Calves from good grade beef cow
' which give plenty of milk can be pu
!n good condilion to sell for beef, os
{ pecially if given a little g<ain with th
! milk.
i
IV£
1 wvi\
DEHORNING OF CATTLE URGED
Use of Caustic, Clippers and Saw
to Prevent Growth and Remove
Horns Is Favored.
(Prepared by the United States Depart*
ment of Agriculture.)
Dehorning makes an animal more
i easily handled.
It renders the animal less dangerous
to attendants.
It prevents the goring of other rat
tle in the feeding lot or in transit to
j market.
It adds uniformity to the appearance
of cattle and thereby adds to tiieir
i value.
Methods of dehorning eattle have
been the subject of ^tmisunlly interest
ing demonstrations held by cattle spe
cialists of the United States depart
ment of agriculture co-operating with
I--1
I
Animal In Dehorning Crate Ready for
Operation.
other extension forces. The demon
strators showed how to remove horns
with dippers and saws, ami with the
use of caustic soda and caustic potash
to prevent tin* growth <>f horns on
calves. Dehorning chutes, for holding
cattle while being dehorned, were also
constructed by the demonstrators, who
emphasized the Importance of using
them instead of resorting to such prac
tices as throwing the animals with
ropes, tying them to fences or similar
methods which are unsatisfactory. In
a number of eases farmers were per
mitted to dehorn one or two animals
to become familiar with the operation.
The method of dehorning depends in
.mi'll case upon the age of the cattle,
specialists of the department say.
Demonstrations with young calves
i showed how the growth of horns can
lie prevented by properly applying
caustic soda or caustic potash. Older
.lives and other cattle were dehorned
either with tin* saw or clippers. While
dippers remove the horn more quick*
; iv and with less pain to the animal,
the saw lias the advantage of not
! crushing the horn, especially in the
case of old animals whose horns are
hard and brittle. Neither does the
' saw cause as much bleeding, since by
; lacerating the Mood vessels it causes
a clot of blood to form quickly.
NO PLACE FOR SCRUB STOCK
Anirral Is Wasteful c-f Feed and Own
er's Labor—Pi.re-Bredo Are
Worth More to Keep.
| (Prepared l v t*«. foiled Slates Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Scrub li*.e slock is no longer (it for
perjiduatii.il ; the i'nited St: ' s. A
send) i wasteful of feed and wasteful
of its o', no: l, bor. The scrub animal
I ■" erved :*■ purpose as a connecting
, link lidv.ei n the old obsolete method
; of farming and new progressive meth
• nds. Thousands of farmers in this
country already have discarded scrub
; stock and an* heller off because of
| I that decision. Ihirc-brcds are worth
more io keep and are worth more to
[ sell. The scrub animal has been use
ful as a connecting link, but our aim
from now mi should be to make the
i scrub eMinct ami to make it the miss
i ing link so far as live stork is con
! coined. That cannot he done Immedi
j atel.v, but it is the goal toward which
l we should work.
FEEDING SILAGE TO HORSES
Limited Quantity May Be Given if
Care Is Exercised—Cannot Con
sume Largs Amount.
Simny •*<* fed to horses in lint
] lte«l <|unn!it.v if cure is exercised, hut
a horse cannot consume the large
quantities <if roughage used by the
steer or cow, and the amount of silage
given, to horses on full feed must he
very limited.
More heef cattle might be raNcd
profitably on many farms.
* * •
Heavy feeding does not always pro
duce proportionate gains.
• » •
Cornmeal, boiled potatoes and but
termilk make a splendid ration for the
growing pigs.
• • •
The first requisites in raising -cock
i» a good feeder, let us say, a judicious
j feeder, ami a well-bora calf.