LOWER EXPENSE TO FARMERS
Good Roads Reduce Greatly Trouble
• of Transporting Crops to Market
—Cause of Distress.
“Before the war in Europe affected
the rates at sea it cost the American
farmer rtiore to haul a bushel of wheat
nine and a half miles to the railroad
station for shipment than it cost the
buyer to ship the same bushel of
wheat from New York to Liverpool, a
distance of 3,000 miles,” according to
i bulletin issued by the American
Highway association. “The average
cost of hauling a ton of farm produce,
or a ton of anything else, over the av
erage country road is about twenty
three cents a mile; 70 years ago the
cost of the same service wras 17 cents.
The cost of hauling over the railroads
is less than one-ninth as much as it
was 00 years ago. The cost of hauling
by railroad has almost reached the
vanishing point; the cost of hauling
on the country roads has gone up as
the roads have gone down.
“By careful calculation, Logan Wal
ler Puge, director of the United States
office of public roads, has reached the
conclusion that with wise and equita
bl road laws and good business man
agement it would bo entirely practica
ble for the people to save themselves
on the two items of hauling and ad
ministration the enormous Bum of
$290,000,000 yearly. The railroads in
the United States carry about 900,000,
000 tons of freight annually, and of
this vast tonnage at least 200,000,000
tons are hauled over the country roads
to the railroad station or to the canals
for shipment. The immense volume
of mining products aggregating mil
lions of tons is not included In this
estimate, but only the agricultural,
forest and miscellaneous products
hauled by wagon over the public roads,
nor is the cost of hauling back and
forth between the farms and the mills.
"The main cause of agricultural dis
tress,” says the bulletin, “a subject of
perennial alarm to ‘popular favorites,’
is not so much the wages of the work
ers or the infertility of the Soil or the
prices of the products, but the enor
mous drain of getting the stuff to
market, the waste of the roads in the
wear and tear of machinery, the sacri
fice of teams, the inefficiency of serv
ice compelled by impassable highways.
Tributary to every market town or
railroad station there are what Mr.
Page calls ‘zones of production.'
From the first of these zones all prod
ucts can be delivered to market at a
r
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| ^ «• fT
■:tmn
£V.
>•••• :'3jglx3
Shaded Road in the West.
profit, and from the rest one class of
products after another must be elim
inated because of the prohibitive cost
of hauling, and beyond lie vast terri
tories that cannot be cultivated with
out the building and constant main
tenance of roads suited to whatever
traffic there may be developed.
“It has beon demonstrated that as
the roads from the market towns have
been improved there has been a great
increase of their business and a corre
sponding improvement in the condi
tion and opportunities of the rural
population, larger prosperity of the
Individual farmer, greater traffic for
the railroads, better supplies and low
er prices for the consumer. It does
not pay to raise crops that cannot be
marketed readily and cheaply. Mil
lions of dollars’ worth of field and or
chard crops have been utterly wasted
because of expensive and inadequate
facilities for marketing. This is one
of the hard problems with which the
United States department of agricul
ture is trying to deal through the
greatest experts in the land, and they
have found that the building of good
roads is essential to the success of
their plans.’’
$1,000,000,000 Worth of Roads.
While talking about preparedness
it may be noted that the $1,000,000,000
proposed to be expended would build
250.000 miles of hard-surfaced high
ways at the rate of $1,000 per miles.
If the government contributed 50
per cent, its billion would cover 500,
000 miles.
Use the Read Drag.
Use the road drag to get roads into
the best possible shape for winter.
They may be bad enough at best, but
proper work will help greatly.
CALOMEL DUMMIES
A SLUGGISH LIVER
Crashes into sour bile, making
you sick and you lose
a day’s work.
Calomel salivates! It’s mercury.
Calomel acts like dynamite on a slug
gish liver. When calomel comes into
contact with sour bile it crashes into it,
causing cramping and nausea.
If you feel bilious, headachy, consti
pated and all knocked out. just go to
your druggist and get a 50 cent I Kittle
of Dodson s Liver Tone, which is a harm
less vegetable substitute for dangerous
calomel. Take a spoonful and if it
doesn t start your liver and straighten
you up better and quicker than nasty
calomel and without making V'ou sick,
you just go back and get your money.
If you take calomel today’ you'll be
sick and nauseated tomorrow; besides,
it may salivate you, while if you take
Dodson’s Liver Tone you will wake up
feeling great, full of ambition and ready’
for work or play. It’s harmless, pleas
ant and safe to give to children; they
like it.
GOOD ROADS AROUND A FARM
Driveways Are Frequently of Sufficient
Importance to Warrant Some Sur
face Improvement.
(From Weekly News l.etti r. United States
Department of Agriculture.)
Roads and drives immediately
around the farm yards and barns
which are used very frequently are
usually of sufficient importance to
warrant some surface improvement.
Very light cr extremely sandy soils
cut up badly in dry weather, while cer
tain heavy and absorbent soils becomo
very sticky and soft during the rainy
season. Where any considerable
amount of hauling is necessary, roads
over soils of this character may re
quire to bo surfaced.
Many of the materials ordinarily em
ployed in road construction will be
I
_I
Improved Farm Driveway.
found too expensive for use in improv
ing the farm roads. One or more of
the following will, however, usually
be found available and within the
means of the farmer for surfacing his
roads and paths: Gravel, mixtures of
sand and clay, cinders, brickbats from
old buildings, brickyard waste and
quarry waste. The material selected
should, however, be hard enough to
withstand crushing under heavy loads
and possess sufficient binding power
to compact well and maintain a firm,
hard surface under all ordinary weath
er conditions.
Drainage and a good foundation are
the first considerations in improving
a road with a hard surface. The best
possible foundation is a good earth
road with a low crown. Earth shoul
ders may be graded upon each side to
prevent the surfacing material from
spreading, as In the construction of an
ordinary macadam read. The materi
al used for surfacing should be placed
in a uniform layer or layers on this
foundation and should be given a suf
clent crown to shed the rain waters to
the sides. If a road roller can be se
cured the material may be quickly con
solidated, otherwise considerable time
will be required for it to be consoli
dated by the traffic. During this proc
ess the read should receive frequent
attention w ith a split-log drag or other
means for smoothing the surface and
filling the ruts. On steep grades
where there would be a tendency for
the side ditches to wash, this can usu
ally be overcome by providing out
lets and getting the water away from
the road before it accumulates in large
volume. On roads where wagons will
not be required to pass each other, a
width of from nine to twelve feet be
tween ditches will usually he suffi
cient. The surfaced portion need rare
ly exceed seven or eight feet. There
is no particular virtue in building a
farm road wider than is necessary to
answer the special traffic require
ments. The need or desirability of
moving occasionally extra wide or
heavy implements, such, as certain har
vesting machinery, over th roads
should, however, not be lost sight of.
A little foresight in the alignment of
ditches, In providing ample width of
gates, or of giving extra strength to
culverts, may save '. great deal of
both annoyance and delay during some
very busy period.
Good Roads Booster.
There’s one sure way to make every
citizen a booster for good roads: buy
him an automobile.
SHEEP NEED LITTLE CAPITAL
No Other Way of investing Money on
Farm That Comes Back So
Profitably or So Soon.
Very little capital— that is, money—
i invested in sheep is called for, and
there is no other way of investing it
j on any farm that comes bark so profit
ably or so soon. Quo year’s use only
is called for before the money Is
coming back into the owner’s hands,
v/ith its double interest.
The fleece will pay one interest on
the cost and the lamb another, and
i£ the sheep have been well selected
j (hero will be another Interest paid
i back In their growth. Tho benefit to
I
Making Use of Sheep in-Cleaning Up
Weeds in Cornfield After Cultiva
tion Stops.
tho land will easily pay all the costs
1 ot' a flock for the year's feeding, and,
i in general, this ;■ rvice to th« owner
I of a flock from the year’s feeding, and
I a field has been known to add so
much to the next season's crop as to
repay tho whole amount of money
cost of the sheep, but it is a mistake
to start with too many.
Three sheep to the acre are suffi
cient for the land that can be appro
priated for the feeding of them. Thus,
if one has ten acres of land that
can be used for a flock each year,
30 sheep only should be procured. It
is an easy matter to add to the num
ber if desired. But It is to bo con
sidered that the flock will grow very
fast, doubling almost, under favorable
conditions, every year, if well cared
for, and the ewes are not more than
three or four years old. It is a great
mistake to make a start with a flock
of old ewes, and is money and care
wasted.
BEST TREATMENT FOR COLIC
Improper Feeding Is Most Common
Cause of Trouble—Physic of
Salts or Oil Is Favored.
(By L. L. LEWIS, Oklahoma Experiment
Station.)
■ Colic in horses and cattle is from
various causes, but is more particu
larly due to sudden changes in feed
or to eating more feed than can be
easily digested by the animal at that
time. The amount of feed that an ani
mal may digest at one time under
certain conditions may bo entirely too
much under other conditions. Sinco
colic may be caused by so many differ
ent things, no one remedy will prove
effective in all cases.
As a general rule, most of the colics
that are seen in farm stock are due to
improper feeding. In those cases tho
best general treatment that might be
used would bo to give as early as pos
sible a physic of salts or oil. To re
lieve the pain seen particularly in
spasmodic colic, tho safest general
treatment that can bo used is to give
from one to one and one-half ounco
of chloral hydrate, dissolved in a pint
of water, to which has been added one
teaspoonful of ground ginger.
Do not give laudanum in such cases,
as it only tends to produce constipa
tion, and on this account is one of the
poorest remedies that you can U3e.
TREATMENT FOR HOG WORMS
Best Preventive Is to Give Animals
Clean Troughs—Keep Away From
Stagnant Water Pools.
To keep hogs free from worms they
should at all times have a drink from
clean troughs, feed from a clean floor
and keep away from yards, wallows,
manure piles, pastures and stagnant
waters.
For worms, give eight grains of san
tonine and five grains of calomel for
overy 100 pounds of body weight.
Give the medicines in a little slop
after starving the pigs for 18 hours.
Repeat in two weeks if thought neces
sary.
Measuring Productivity.
The productivity of live stock is
measured by the value of the returns
to the farmer.
CARING FOR YEARLING COLT
There Should Be Gradual Change in
Spring From Grain to Grass—
Furnish Some Shelter.
In tho spring, when all the work
horses must be put to work, it is
often a problem just what to do with
the yearling colt. It goes without say
ing that they are, in most cases, sadly
neglected. If there are a few green
spots showing in tho pasture they are
turned in there to make their living,
and all the attention they receive is
an occasional handful of salt.
This change from their ration of
grain and hay to one of grass is pretty
likely to cause a considerable setback
to the young horse. There should al
ways be a gradual change from grain
to grass, leaving the grain off entirely
by the timo the grass has reached its
best.
The young stock always become un
easy when the grass begins to look
green and the spring days begin to
warm up mother earth. They should
be turned out only for an hour or two
at first, and as they become moro ac
customed to the grass they can be
kept out longer.
During this time their grain and hay
ration should be cut down some, if
they get enough grass to keep them
interested while they are out. In this
way their digestive organs will gradu
ally become accustomed to the grass,
and there will bo no disorders of the
intestines when they are turned on
the grass to stay. If the colts are
handled in this manner for a week or
two it will be safe to turn them out.
The colts should have some kiud of
shelter for the first few nights they
are in the pasture. They have been
used to the barn all winter, and it will
be just a little trying on them to re
main out in the open on cool, dewy
nights. If there is no shelter in the
pasture they should be driven to the
barn at nights for the first two or
three weeks after being turned out.
BROKEN WIND IS INCURABLE
Any Treatment Given Can Only Be
Palliative—Every Dealer Has His
Specific for Trouble.
(By W. R. GILBERT.)
Broken wind is the old-fashioned
name given to the chronic lung com
plaint, associated with difficult breath
ing in which, in marked cases, the act
of expiration is performed by a double
effort, inspiration being little, if at
all. removed from normal.
We have only to look at a horse's
flank to see this double effort and ab
dominal breathing, and press his
throat with the fingers and thumb—
in other words to cough him in order I
to see if he is broken winded or not.
The cough is characteristic, spas
modic at first, but as the disease ad
vances becomes single, short and sup
!/. <U.
Broken-Winded Horse.
pressed. The trouble is incurable, and
the treatment, therefore, can only be
palliative.
The difficulty in breathing increases
when the stomach and bowels are con
gested with food and water. Both are
to be given only in small quantities at
a time. Green food and cut grass
should be fed at intervals.
The food should always be damp
ened with water. Dusty or burned
hay is to bo avoided, as are also
chopped straw and overripe rye grass.
It is a good plan to mix a quarter
of a pint of linseed oil with each feed.
As regards medicinal agents, their
action on broken wind can only be
temporary.
Every dealer has his specific for
this disease. Some give the animal a
pound of lard, or any sort of food fat
made into balls, while others give a
quantity of leaden shot. A subcutaneous
injection of morphia many resort to.
These things do no permanent good,
but as the palliative treatment, if care
fully carried out. is of great benefit to
the poor animal, it may be looked
upon as the only treatment for a
broken-winded horse.
Sayings for the Sheepowner.
Good lambs aro money makers.
Speculation and uncertainty of tar
iff tinkering have been the bane of
the sheep industry.
Keep dogs and strangers out of
sight of the flock.
Lambs will mako a great growth on
clover and alfalfa hay and corn.
The ability of the ewe to properly
nourish her lamb is one of the rnoBt
important considerations in selecting
breeding stock.
Hogs Quickly Degenerate.
Purebred hogs receiving scant car*'
quickly degenerate and aro about a*
worthless as the genuino scrub.
Silage Is Much Cheapest.
At the Ohio station silage produced
milk for 6S cents per 100 pounds and
butterfat at 13 cents per pound. Tho
grain ration produced milk at $1.05
per 100 pounds and butterfat for 23
cents a pound.
WJW'
The Journal for Job Printing
*2 U
JUt.
CASTORU
ALCOHOL- 3 PER CENT.
AVejjetabk FreparationfbrAs
siinliating llic food anil i'csiiu
tin <411 ic Stomachs amlBnwtls m
Promotes Di^cstioaClicdM;
iic.ssamllfcst.CoutainsMito
Opium^forplune nor fllncBJ.
Not Narcotic.
; £edpeofOUDi:SAMmmMS.
Pimwlffl SutC * .
j/xSrma *
JtxMlr fatts ■
AnuxSttd *
mmSttd ■
UttUU^gT
Uiktrranrrx fltmT _
ApcHfcd Remedy for Conj^
tion.SourStoma^.DwnJ
Worms. ftvensjn»jul
Loss oi M-Ei i •
Jac Simile Signatory°f
?,
OS.N TACK COMPAQ
Exact Copy of Wrapper.
CASTQRIA
For Infants and Children.
Mothers Know That
Genuine Castoria
Thirty Years
CASTORIA
THC CCNTAUN COMPANY. NEW VOM CITY.
NOTICE OF CONTEST
Department of the Interior
United States Land Office
Little Rock, Ark., Apr. 19,1916
To Jesse Haynes of (unknown)
Contestee:
You are hereby notified that
Oscar A. Spears who gives
M a guess, Arkansas,as his post
office address, cl id on March
28, 1916, file in this office his
duly corroborated application
to contest and secure the can
cellation of your Homestead
Entry No. 07844, Serial No.
i 07844 made October 21, 1911,
I for S. \V. 1 | Section .‘12, Town
ship 12 N., Range 5 W, 5th
principal, Meridian, and as
grounds for his contest ho al
leges that there has been no
one on this land to improve it
in any way and if it was ever
entered or homesteaded the
person has never made any
improvements on said lands.
You are, therefore, further
notified that the said allega
tions will be taken as confessed
and your said entry will be
canceled Without further right
to be heard, either before this
office or on appeal, if you fail !
to file in this office within;
twenty days after the FOURTH
publication of this notice, as
shown below, your answer, un
der oath, specifically respond
ed to these allegations of con
test, together with due proof
that you have served a copy of
your answer on the said con
testant either in person or by
registered mail.
You should state in your
answer the name of the post
office to which you desire fu
ture notices to be sent to you.
Jno. W. Allen, Register,
A. M. Ward, Receiver.
Date first publication, Apr. 27.
Date second publication,May4.
Date third publication,May 11.
Date fourth publication,Mayl8.
NEWPORT YOUNG MAN
MAY GO TO EUROPE
Newport, April 29.—Wesley
Bengel of Newport, who has
been studying law in New York
for a year, has received a pro
posal from the Rockefeller
Foundation to serve as secre
tary for one of the war relief
commissions which is to use
Switzerland as a distributing
center. If the threatened crisis
with Germany passes, Mr.Ren
gel will sail for France and
Switzerland soon, it is said.
OUR SPECIAL AND UNIQUE PLAN OF
Mutual Insurance Protection
Is Meeting With Favor and Co-operation as it Becomes Known
Our Membership is Increasing Daily
In Large Numbers
Our Field Agents Report the Gratifying General Opinion That
OUR POLICY IS THE BEST, CHEAPEST, MOST SATISFACTORY OFFERED
Write us for information
BANKERS & PLANTERS MUTUAL INSURANCE ASSOCIATION
Morrilton, Arkansas
Active and Reliable Agents Wanted in Each County
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'*!
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a
IS YOUR LAND TITLE GOOD?
If you have never had the title to your
land examined and the title abstracted
you should have it attended to at once
you insure your property against fire. Now
have your land title abstracted against
LOSS BY
Independence County
Abstract Company
S. A. Moore, Manager
Batesville, Arkansas
J ____. ..