TTIIE KTISKO TIMES
A. X. Grant, l*ul»li.shor. Solo
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Entered as weromi etnas matter Au
i just i’Pth, l.»a8, at tlie postotVu o at
l'okotna, Alaska, under the Art of
March 3, lST'J.
I'akotna. Masks, Ortoher 111, HI.’tv.
N 1 VI MOM' U , <H TOH1K
Is. Will Hi Al VSR \ 1) VY
herein reprinted from Publi
cation 'p IVrriLirial Coimnis- i
sioner of Ktlui'tttion.)
\\ hoi i- no« tin' IVrntovy of Alas ,
1 kn was. u it il I St!., a part of the Rus
star, K-np.-c. ami "as konwn as Kus
tan A menca lb. name Alaska ts
. derived from tht \leut w >rd A,..s
slink. iiu aning "r. great country or
. oo amout " t'ro.h! for tho discovery ot ,
the Alaska iva- 's Riven to Michael
tGvoedef, "trood.'sist," or surveyor, w ho;
, ussunusl eoinn.nr.b. of an expedition,
> originally heud.si o\ Kan f.odoeot and
. designed to secure informaUo; con
. eernntg the "great land to the oast
. if .Siberia whoso existence was re
ported by tho t’iu.ckehi, names in
habit my; Xertlunsterii Siberia, t.\, .
.t.f is prt - unit'd ■ have touche . the
.coast o. Alaska oat 1'aj.v I'r i.re ot
'Wales some time during the year 1TSO.
Prior to tin' time, itt 1TSS. Vttus
Hering, a I'm,mb captain in the Rus-‘
: NiH.t '-cia ice, w Is was comma .Kiev ot
i what was known from its -uirtmg
point as the rrs Kamchatka e\podi
, turn, had discost red and named the
• St. Lawrence lshu*d and had sailed
i through Uenrg Strait, rounded Hast
t Cape. and proceeded westw a'd far
. enough to establish the £|ct that the
la oboportvd x» "a of Siberia,
\.\as not a part of'the continent of’
Asia
", ho jvsutts of tho first kar.vhatK*
- \ .. fts ei :' ■ ■ ■ w -
. Jt'.sav to irmnv mo tv aiv.it tin- stva:
. .-tw ".. .1
to ,i''00\or tr»,V to V: :e: os
Vwioirviy tho Si\v . Ka:- ohatko
W*S OOO. fwO IWM
%urv '.rorvo.nentiy ' f\ o.i:
namoly. Boriwg. » -o . ■ "'.sr \i the
»•fwptMitiw. ami Akvr Oh--. . t. soo
, oihv sr. oo roman,! . two \\<o. :«
. 4*»\i ■' tl'-> oxyvi .ho > IV'01
ami :h, St. Ihvo.i. - . rtro at
iVrins ami Chinkof. rt>>vt:wh .
TKo v‘..v. for the two w<sth hoi
■orwood !o*rctfeor. Kowo\or. -.hoy bo
os n-o soyarat»v. so;;; • s ft or sot
ti"c o-t t-.vn; A vs; " . f sta!
-,nat sV-.u’ :1k ox tv ..* • thoro
. ifttr tteo two xwr-A nr- -...- oo,xvs\i
irs.ioyvrsior.tly.
vV- July U;. < Bor-.".- < y'r.txxt
*v. ra:-»\i Mt. S' V. a>. - : a tow
,tsy > Utvr -wx: .. _:ro , s: kayak
Isianoi, r.oar Csntrok.oT Bay. t>-r.ko£
-
sighted the Alaska const, probably at
l’rlnco of Wales Island, on .Toly 15,
1 . it, Bering remained but a few days
in the region of I'nncc William Sound
and then sailed westward along the
southern const, touching at several
points. He fell ill of scurvy, which
disease had attaeked the ship's crew.
On November 5th his vessel- was
wrecked on an island later called
Bering Island. Here Bering died, on
December 8. 1741. Those who sur
vived were successful in constructing
' another vessel from the wreck and
returned to Kamchatka the following
! fall.
Chirikof's crew also suffered great
1\ from scurvy-ami other diseases. His
homeward journo was beset with
many difficult ies, including Die mas
sacre of two boat loads of men by the
savage inhabitants of the country.
On the return voyage he sighed many
of the Aleutian Islands. He reached
Avatoha Bay, Kamchatka, the point
of departure of the expedition, early
m October, 1741, after a voyage
which lasted approximately five
months.
In May. 1742. t'hirikof made an
other attempt to explore tire Alaska
coast, but. because of unfavorable
' winds, turned 1 . ckafter sighting the
islands at the extreme western end of
the Ueutian el. ; it was principal*
.e\ tlie veynoes of Bering and
Ohirik f that Bus-.a based her claim
t' the ownership of Northwestern
An . rica.
Further Russian Kxplorutioh.
Without doubt the utter ami other
fur-bearing animals had much to do
with the further exploration and colo
nization of Alaska. The discovery
expedition brought hack glowing
talt of the wealth ill furs that
abounded in the row land, and the
rev half cintury witnessed, a number
ef expedit ers. which were outlined
ma rly to the Aleutian islands and
the Alaska Peninsula, and which had
as their object the acquisition of
wealth. In speaking of the part'
which, furs claye i in the exploration
and settlement Via ska. Bancroft
V'..- k», 1886) makes the
t\'.lowing >:atc:r.cRt: "t'all it science
or patriotism, or progress, there is
this to be said about the first Russian
vitsoovcrv es i: America little would
have been h«gx^o* them for some
time tv' come, i^rr had it not been
•\>r the beautiful furs brought back
from Bering Island and elsewhere.
Siberia was still - oV -ont to satisfy
•.he Tsar for purpivs of expatriation,
and 'tie Russians were not such
. oalots as to under: >e conquest for
the sake of eonvers . and to make
religion a cloak fo' their atrocities:
■ ... but v thest . - .y skins, each
f w: ch proclaimed lousiest strains
he glories of Alaska tre Great Land
- ght long have r* -:ed. undisturbed."
-r t-c tirst r- *y yesvrs utter
Berrys;'* discovery •' Alaska the far
hunters treated the .r. e inhabitants
f the country with extreme cruelty,
land the h-story e: this rcriod is
! marked b yeae out .ce - * ter another.
ir.\ estimations of rt rtevt mistreat
v-.int of the nat:\;s reveaSed suck
.-.• " hat—nitj' as ea se the St
. vr art authorities * us peril free
■ tr.ithc :r. America - i resort to the
system of the f-.irr : - >f rrtvileced
. e-o-r.t’a- .es who der sc thetr author
ty fro— -.'r.rertal .-os. Tr.ts sys
i
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J. H. McLEAN
••
Fresh Fruits
Fresh Groceries, Just Arrived
Up~:*>Pate line of Clothing
New Suits
From f 5.50 to 845 Per Suit
tern relieved the situation to a small
extent only. However, the treatment
which had been accorded the natives
resulted in numerous reprisals on
their part, and muc hshedding of Rus
sian and Indian blood marked Russia’s
early contact with Alaska.
In the list of early explorers n num
ber of names stand out prominently,
tirigor Ivanovich Shelikof, after whom
Shelikof Strait was named, explored
the Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island,
the Alaska Peninsula, Cook Inlet and
Prince William Sound during the year
1783-178(1.
Alexander Baranof was the first of
the explorers and traders to visit
Southeastern Alaska. His voyage was
made in 171*9. Baranof Island hears
his name.
Otto von Kotzebue commanded an
expedition which had as its object the
discovery of the northwest passage to
Kurope. The expedition sailed from
1’etropavlovsk, Silnjria, in the summer
of I’d 16, and proceeded through Ber
unr Strait, thence eastward until the
shallows made further progress im
possible, although open water yet ap
peared to the eastward. Kotzebue
Sound, the hotly of water which was
navigated, bears the name of the
leader of this expedition.
In 1S22, Ktholen and Vassilaief
made a detailed survey of Bristol Bay
westward to the mouth of the Kusko
kwim river. Norton Sound also was
explored alone its eastern and south
ern shore, the deep indentation on the
north shore being named Golovin Bay.
In 1S;U5, Andrei Glazanof, a creole
tperson with Russian father and
Aleut mother), conducted an overland
expedition from Norton Sound to the
Anvik river, thence down it to the
Yukon river, where some time was
spent in exploration. The expedition
finally preceded down the Yukon to
the mouth. Glazanof subsequently
explored much of the delta region of
the Yukon, which was at that time
densely popul: od. He also crossed
the portage to the Kuskokwim river.
From this point he attempted to cross
to Cook Inlet, tut shaped his course
too tar to the north and was forced
to return to the Kuskokwim, thence to
the Yukon, from which point he pro
ceeded to the Russian post at Mik
haielovsk, on Norton Sound.
First Settlements.
The first permanent settlement of
the Russians was established at Three
Satr.ts Bay, Kod ak Islam!, in 17811.
This settlement was made by Gripor
1' anovich SheEku', who is credited
with bavin popeti^i he first school in
Alaska at that place in 1785. A sec
ond permanent settlement was estab
lished in 1786 it Co., k Inlet, at the
mouth of the Kasdof river, near the
present site of Keeai, by Kolomin.
Both SheJikof and Kolomin were at
the head of tra.i - - companies.
The early settlements in Alaska,
however, center ..round Alexander
Baranof. At fir-- an independent
trader, then agent for the Shelikof
Company, and later the originator and
for 18 y ears manager of the Russiatt
American Cbmpa v, which exercised
practically absolute dominion over
Alaska for 67 years, or from the time
f its creation ar.i charter in 1789 to
>66. the year preceding the transft'r
f Alaska to the- United States. He
■-.trodneed the first missionaries into
Alaska and established a colony at
Yoke.tat. It w- .odor his direction
McLean
Roadhouse
Now Open for
Service.
Best of Everything \
in Season. i
Meals $1.00
i
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• Mrs. J. H. McLean.
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that the first vessel built in North
western America was completed and
launched on a successful voyage from
Cook Inlet to Kodiak Island. He vis
ited Alexander Archipelago in 1799
and founded Sitka, which was head
quarters for Russian activities in
(Continued on Page 3.)
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B. & E. Store
McGrath, Alaska
Groceries
Hardware
Miners’ Supplies
of AH Kinds
Radies’ Furnishings
Furs Bought-and Sold
Moose Skin Mitts and Boots
King Island Mukluks
iabeesh. or Sled Lashing
' V cwgt’s Beg Harness, the very
Best
FRESH GARDEN' SEEDS
A. R. Eldridge
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| Takotna j
j Cigar Store j
1 -- j
Tobaccos
Cigars
Soft Drinks
Fred Dubois!
Proprietor
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> Fresh Fruits
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Proprietor *
[Max Simel
The Pioneer Trader
Furs Bought and \
Said
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{ Miners , - Prospectors’,
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Supplies
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; Steadier Service On the Inoka!
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ft
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: Fairview, !nnoko River
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