The World Wide Web's inventor sold its original code for $5.4M
The World Wide Web’s inventor sold its original code for $5.4 million | CNN
  
      
  
    
        
        
        
          
                  

    Editor’s Note: This article was updated with the final sale price and other details following the auction’s conclusion.


  
      
      CNN
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            Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the World Wide Web, has auctioned off his invention’s source code as an NFT. It sold via Sotheby’s for $5,434,500 following a week-long online auction that began on June 23.
    

    
            Although the groundbreaking code has long been in the public domain, the British computer scientist authorized the sale of a single edition of his original time-stamped files.
    

    
            Comprising over 9.500 lines of code, the files contain the basis of the languages and protocols underpinning the internet as we know it: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Universal Document Identified (URI).
    

    
            They were sold alongside an animated visualization of the code and a digital “poster” that is “signed” by Berners-Lee via a graphic signature. The winning bidder also took home a letter, written by the computer scientist, in which he reflects on the code and its creation.
    

  



    
            “It has been fun to go back and look over the code,” the letter reads. “It is amazing to see the things that those relatively few lines of code, with (the) help of an amazing growing gang of collaborators across the planet, stayed enough on track to become what the web is now. 
    

    
            “I have never once felt I could relax and sit back – as the web was and is constantly changing,” Berners-Lee signs off. “It is not yet the best it can be: there is always work to be done!”
    

    
            Although the world’s first web page didn’t go live until 1991, the birth of the World Wide Web is usually considered to be 1989, the year that Berners-Lee submitted a manuscript entitled “Information Management: A Proposal” at CERN, a particle physics research laboratory in Switzerland. 
    

    
            Initially designed to help scientists collaborate, his invention soon expanded beyond the academic world. There are now over 4.6 billion active internet users in the world.
    


       
    


    
            Sotheby’s had described the code as the “first digital-born artifact” ever to come to auction. The auction house’s global head of science and popular culture, Cassandra Hatton, said the sale offered a chance to “own” part of a technological development that heralded a “paradigm shift” for humankind. 
    

    
            “I’ve been trying to come up with something comparable,” she said on the phone from New York prior to the sale. “I thought maybe the theory of relativity, heliocentrism, the printing press, light bulbs or the combustion engine. But I think that this is a much bigger thing.
    

    
            “Light bulbs were an improvement on candles, the combustion engine as an improvement of steam engine, but with the World Wide Web, it was something entirely new.”
    

  



  

    
            Based on blockchain technology, NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, have have revolutionized digital art and collectibles by offering proof of ownership. The tokens have made it easier to buy and trade digital assets that could otherwise be easily copied, such as tweets or photographs.
    

    
            Berners-Lee’s code has been publicly available since 1993, but Hatton believes that the chance to own the “original files” makes this NFT like other high-value historical collectibles. 
    

    
            “I look at it from the lens of somebody who’s been a books and manuscripts specialist for almost two decades,” she added. “The existence of paperback does not devalue the first edition, and the existence of the first edition does not devalue the existence of the manuscripts. 
    

    
            “It’s the same with paintings: How many posters of Van Gogh’s ‘The Starry Night’ are there out there? They do not devalue the painting at all.”
    


    
    

    
    





                    



       
    

                    
                
                    Just how much has the internet changed art?
                
                    
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            Berners-Lee, who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004, said in a press statement prior to the sale that NFTs represent “the most appropriate means of ownership that exists” for his pioneering code. 
    

    
            “Why an NFT? Well, it’s a natural thing to do as when you’re a computer scientist and when you write code and have been for many years,” he is quoted as saying. “It feels right to digitally sign my autograph on a completely digital artifact.”
    

  



    
            As with all of Sotheby’s NFT sales to date – including 28 digital artworks that sold for a combined $17.1 million two weeks ago – the auction house declined to offer an estimated price for Berners-Lee’s code ahead of its sale. The opening bid was just $1,000.
    

    
            Given NFTs limited history on the market, Hatton said it would likely “be a while” before auctioneers can provide accurate valuations for NFTs. But she had predicted that the buyer would likely be someone “who has lived through the paradigm shift” brought about by the web’s arrival.
    

    
            “To really appreciate this invention,” she added, “you have to understand what it was like before.”
    

              
    
  


