Lessons in Electric Circuits
Lessons In Electric Circuits






A free series of textbooks on the subjects of electricity and
electronics
Copyright (C) 2000-2023, Tony R. Kuphaldt

These books and all related files are published under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons License. These terms and conditions
allow for free copying, distribution, and/or modification of this
document by the general public. 
A copy of the Creative Commons License is
included at the end of each book volume. For more information about the
License, see Appendix A3 


As an open and collaboratively developed text, this book is distributed
in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the Creative Commons License for more details. 

Access individual volumes, I through VI:
  


  
    
      
      
      
      
      
      
    
    
      Book Volume:
      Volume I - DC
      Volume II - AC
      Volume III - Semiconductors
    
    
      Edition:
      5th
      6th
      5th
    
    
      Last revised:
      October 18, 2006 
      July 25, 2007 
      April 05, 2009
    
    
      Minor revision:
      February 03  2023 
      November 06  2021
      November 06  2021
    
  


   


  
    
      
      
      
      
      
    
    
      Book Volume:
      Volume IV - Digital
      Volume V - Reference
      Volume VI - Experiments
    
    
      Edition:
      4th
      4th
      1st
    
    
      Last revised:
      November 27, 2007
      January 18, 2006
      January 18, 2010
    
    
      Minor revision:
      November 06  2021
      November 06  2021
      November 06  2021
    
  




  
    
      Checkout the Socratic Instrumentation Project.
       If you are interested in industrial instrumentation, Checkout the book "Lessons in Industrial Instrumentation" at the Socratic Instrumentation project. The project provides work sheets too. You will also find links to public-domain textbooks on subjects related to industrial instrumentation. 
       
      
    



    
      Checkout the Socratic Electronics Project.
       We are sometimes asked for homework questions. While the  Socratic Electronics 
          Project does not provide questions keyed to specific chapters, it does provide
          questions related to various electrical/electronic topics in the form of "work
          sheets". The basic concept is to encourage active as opposed to passive learning.
       
      
    






    
      Checkout allaboutcircuits.
       Have questions about electronics, math, physics, embedded systems,  programming? 
          Need help with homework? Checkout these and other 
          forums at allaboutcircuits.
       Ask your question at one of the forums. Curious about questions
       your peers ask?  Want to report errors you find in our text? Report errors at feedback and  suggestions
        forum.
       See example
       of an error submission to allaboutcircuits.
       
      
    


    
      Checkout Romanian utranslation.
       Mihai Olteanu has a Romanian translation of Vol 1, "Lessons in Electricity".
       
      
    



    
      
       If you have a web site with a translation of "Lessons in Electricity" into another language, contact us. We can put your link here.
       
      
    


  


Edition numbers reflect major structural changes to a book volume such
as the addition of new chapters, the substantial expansion of existing
chapters, or a change in markup language (source code formatting). I
may also increment the edition number of a volume due to the
accumulation of many smaller changes. For a volume under active
revision, one edition per year is normal.


"Last revised" dates reflect non-trivial changes only. Minor changes I
make such as typographical error correction and stylistic changes to
the text do not warrant increments to this date. New topics added to
the text, as well as any outside contributions, are the minimum change
level warranting a new revision date. The "Minor revision" date
reflects
minor error corrections: typographical, spelling, minor changes not
involving addition of new content. See changelog for details.

Please submit errors, typos, or
suggestions to All About Circuits > Forums > AllAboutCircuits.com
- Feedback and Suggestions allaboutcircuits-feedback,
Feedback and Suggestions forum.
Like to see an example
of an error submission to allaboutcircuits.com?
Otherwise, see Contacts section for address to submit corrections.



Click here for a detailed changelog of all
books.



Note to instructors:


My commitment to those using these texts as student resources in
instructional curricula is to never delete subject matter content as
the books evolve through succeeding revisions and editions. New
subjects will be added, and existing subjects expanded in coverage, but
I will never omit "old" subjects. My experience is that even "obsolete"
subjects in electronics hold important lessons for students, and
sometimes serve to catalyze creativity in new design work. Unlike
publishers, who must consider the page count (printing costs) of a
book, my publication costs are zero. Instructors may pattern their
lesson plans around the subjects contained in this book series without
being forced to change their plans as the series matures.


Interested in contributing to this project? Click here.




News flashes (Reverse
chronologic order)



January 18, 2010 Volume 6 Experiments: Ch 8   555 Timer Circuits, new Chapter 8 completed thanks to Bill Marsden.



April 05, 2009 Volume 3 Semiconductors: Ch 4 Bipolar junction transistors, completed, Ch 7 Thyristors, completed.



November 01, 1007 Thank-you to David Zitzelsberger, who bears the distinction of
being the second contributor to submit an entire chapter! Go to Combinational Logic Functions in Volume IV to see his considerable work. This brings the Digital volume IV nearly to completion.


July 2, 2007, Volume 3, Semiconductors, incomplete chapters and sections are being completed over the next year or two. Chapter 1 is proofread and has a new "Attenuator" section. Chapter 2 and 3 have been completed, but need proofreading. Please submit errors and corrections to the forum thread at
Ch 2. 
Warren Young has written "Input to output phase shift" for chapter 8, Operational amplifiers. Read all about it.
Expect Chapter 4, "Bipolar junction transistors" in a few months.
See changelog. for short new text additions to Volume 2, AC. (D Crunkilton)



June 15 2006; Volume 2, AC has been reformatted to look more like a printed book. The PDF version has floating captioned figures. Not much change in the appearance of the HTML version. No plans to reformat the other volumes due to the labor involved-- unless there is a lot of interest in printing them. My best guess is that the most interest will be in viewing the HTML and PDF's not  printing. Some new content in the new AC motors chapter.  March 6;The pdf version of volumes are now more navigable with hyperlinks- bookmarks.  January 1; -- All volumes have a mini table of
contents at chapter head, see changelog. Volume
2 has a new AC motors chapter. (D. Crunkilton)

June 21, 2005; revised October 30 -- All volumes  have
at least minor
corrections, see changelog. Volume 3 has a
new Shift Registers
Chapter. Spice plots have been replaced by Spice-nutmeg graphic plots,
improving the appearance of volumes 2, and 3.

July 2004 -- IMPORTANT -- PLEASE READ THIS! It has come to my
attention
that
I can no longer continue my role as project coordinator and primary
author for this textbook series. My life has simply become too busy,
and I lack the free time necessary to do a good job administrating this
project. See goodnews and badnews for more details. Fortunately, the
open-source nature of this project has led
others to develop it in different directions, where it will continue to
live. The best example of this to date is AllAboutCircuits.com.
Please pay them a visit to see what neat things are being done with the
books.


A huge thank-you to Dennis Crunkilton, who bears the distinction of
being the first contributor to submit an entire chapter! Go to Karnaugh Mapping in Volume IV to see
his fine work.


At a reader's suggestion, I made a changelog
for all the books. This is a very good idea and I should have done it
long ago! In this changelog, you will find a complete listing of all
the changes made, and when.



Download the entire collection of books in HTML format

<--- Click Here!
All volumes! HTML code plus graphic images in JPEG format --
about 36 megabytes in size, in .tar.gz format 



Download individual volumes in PDF format
Click on an individual volume above. A link near the bottom of the 
volume table of contents page 
is provided for downloading the PDF version, viewable or printable -- a few
megabytes each. Adobe Acrobat viewer can access the bookmarks in the table
of contents and index. Otherwise, the open source Xpdf viewer works well, 
sans bookmarks.




Download COMPLETE source code for the entire collection of books

<--- Click Here!
All volumes! One file (liecsrc.tar) containing *src.tar.gz
files for each volume. Each of these gzipped .tar archives contains all
the makefiles, conversion scripts, SubML text source, image libraries,
and graphic images (all formats) needed to compile each volume. About
100 megabytes in its entirety.



Download MINIMAL source code for the entire collection of books

<--- Click Here!
All volumes! One file (liectiny.tar) containing *tiny.tar.gz
files for each volume. The difference between this source code package
and the one shown above is that this package contains only one format
type for each image (EPS for schematics and illustrations, JPG for
photographs), instead of both formats (EPS and JPG) for all
images. This archive is much smaller (because the omitted EPS
photographic image files are huge!), but requires that you do a
lot of image file conversion to produce either HTML or PostScript/PDF
output. About 8 megabytes in its entirety.



Some of the free software used in this project

GNU/Linux operating system:  (what else?)


Vim text editor: 


Xcircuit drafting program for illustrations, tables, charts, and
equations: 


Gimp graphics manipulation program (a Photoshop clone): 


Miscellaneous UNIX utilities, obtainable from the Free Software
Foundation:  

You can download an Microsoft Windows executable of the sed
utility, necessary for processing source files for the type of markup
language used in this book project, here.


Spice version 2G6, a public-domain program used to simulate
analog circuits. Download a statically-linked executable for Linux
systems here (spice), or the following
three files for execution on MS-DOS systems: spice.exe,
32rtm.exe, and dpmi32vm.ovl
(keep these three files in the same directory).








