Demografía de Macedonia del Norte
# Demografía de Macedonia del Norte

El siguiente artículo describe las características de la demografía de Macedonia del Norte.

## Población

En el año 2007, Macedonia del Norte tenía una población de 2.055.400 habitantes. La esperanza de vida es de 74.2 años. El 96.1% de la población esta alfabetizada. El promedio de hijos por mujer es de tan solo 1.57.

## Idioma

La lengua materna de los 1,4 millones de habitantes del estado es el macedonio, un idioma eslavo del sur. El albanés es hablado por cerca de 500.000 personas y el turco por 80.000. Actualmente, el gobierno macedonio está votando si el albanés debiera convertirse en el segundo idioma oficial. Se estima que hay 120.000 hablantes de romaní.

## Religión

Según una encuesta del 2011 desarrollada por Ipsos MORI, la distribución de la población según la religión corresponde a :70.7% cristiano (69.6% Iglesia ortodoxa y 0.4% Católicos y Protestantes), 28.6% Musulmantes, un 0.5% de no afiliados a ningún tipo de religión y 0.2% a otras religiones

## Estadísticas vitales

Fuente: Oficina estatal de estadísticas de la República de Macedonia del Norte

| | Población | Nacidos vivos | Muertes | Cambio natural | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Cambio natural (por 1000) | Tasa de fertilidad total | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1950 | 1,229,000 | 49,560 | 18,023 | 31,537 | 40.3 | 14.7 | 25.7 | 5.70 | 294,932 |
| 1951 | 1,262,000 | 45,329 | 20,747 | 24,582 | 35.9 | 16.4 | 19.5 | 5.14 | 301,090 |
| 1952 | 1,280,000 | 51,054 | 17,978 | 33,076 | 39.9 | 14.0 | 25.8 | 5.64 | 307,247 |
| 1953 | 1,310,000 | 49,665 | 19,312 | 30,353 | 37.9 | 14.7 | 23.2 | 5.26 | 313,405 |
| 1954 | 1,338,000 | 50,984 | 16,722 | 34,262 | 38.1 | 12.5 | 25.6 | 5.27 | 317,457 |
| 1955 | 1,355,000 | 49,093 | 17,919 | 31,174 | 36.2 | 13.2 | 23.0 | 4.95 | 321,510 |
| 1956 | 1,357,000 | 47,486 | 15,386 | 32,100 | 35.0 | 11.3 | 23.7 | 4.63 | 325,560 |
| 1957 | 1,364,000 | 46,107 | 17,341 | 28,766 | 33.8 | 12.7 | 21.1 | 4.21 | 341,923 |
| 1958 | 1,375,000 | 44,619 | 13,917 | 30,702 | 32.5 | 10.1 | 22.3 | 4.27 | 324,023 |
| 1959 | 1,382,000 | 44,638 | 14,998 | 29,640 | 32.3 | 10.9 | 21.4 | 4.21 | 326,696 |
| 1960 | 1,391,927 | 44,059 | 14,007 | 30,052 | 31.7 | 10.1 | 21.6 | 4.11 | 330,667 |
| 1961 | 1,408,302 | 42,182 | 13,141 | 29,041 | 30.0 | 9.3 | 20.6 | 3.87 | 334,636 |
| 1962 | 1,427,771 | 40,615 | 16,155 | 24,460 | 28.4 | 11.3 | 17.1 | 3.68 | 339,207 |
| 1963 | 1,449,932 | 41,284 | 13,229 | 28,055 | 28.5 | 9.1 | 19.3 | 3.70 | 346,814 |
| 1964 | 1,473,996 | 42,897 | 13,286 | 29,611 | 29.1 | 9.0 | 20.1 | 3.79 | 355,915 |
| 1965 | 1,499,729 | 42,433 | 12,758 | 29,675 | 28.3 | 8.5 | 19.8 | 3.67 | 364,762 |
| 1966 | 1,525,841 | 41,434 | 12,307 | 29,127 | 27.2 | 8.1 | 19.1 | 3.55 | 374,067 |
| 1967 | 1,550,453 | 40,763 | 12,523 | 28,240 | 26.3 | 8.1 | 18.2 | 3.44 | 385,649 |
| 1968 | 1,575,714 | 40,123 | 12,461 | 27,662 | 25.5 | 7.9 | 17.6 | 3.35 | 385,966 |
| 1969 | 1,602,993 | 40,342 | 13,111 | 27,231 | 25.2 | 8.2 | 17.0 | 3.24 | 407,438 |
| 1970 | 1,629,061 | 37,862 | 12,430 | 25,432 | 23.2 | 7.6 | 15.6 | 2.98 | 414,465 |
| 1971 | 1,654,076 | 37,904 | 12,447 | 25,457 | 22.9 | 7.5 | 15.4 | 2.93 | 421,227 |
| 1972 | 1,679,456 | 38,187 | 13,096 | 25,091 | 22.7 | 7.8 | 14.9 | 2.85 | 433,883 |
| 1973 | 1,704,602 | 37,478 | 12,217 | 25,261 | 22.0 | 7.2 | 14.8 | 2.72 | 441,859 |
| 1974 | 1,729,935 | 38,382 | 12,143 | 26,239 | 22.2 | 7.0 | 15.2 | 2.70 | 449,167 |
| 1975 | 1,756,335 | 39,579 | 12,629 | 26,950 | 22.5 | 7.2 | 15.3 | 2.70 | 459,158 |
| 1976 | 1,783,518 | 39,809 | 12,377 | 27,432 | 22.3 | 6.9 | 15.4 | 2.68 | 460,429 |
| 1977 | 1,810,148 | 38,932 | 12,899 | 26,033 | 21.5 | 7.1 | 14.4 | 2.54 | 471,192 |
| 1978 | 1,836,270 | 38,790 | 12,577 | 26,213 | 21.1 | 6.8 | 14.3 | 2.49 | 477,743 |
| 1979 | 1,863,728 | 39,407 | 12,653 | 26,754 | 21.1 | 6.8 | 14.4 | 2.49 | 485,716 |
| 1980 | 1,891,319 | 39,784 | 13,542 | 26,242 | 21.0 | 7.2 | 13.9 | 2.46 | 493,690 |
| 1981 | 1,916,713 | 39,488 | 13,383 | 26,105 | 20.6 | 7.0 | 13.6 | 2.48 | 491,236 |
| 1982 | 1,941,914 | 39,789 | 13,510 | 26,279 | 20.5 | 7.0 | 13.5 | 2.45 | 494,341 |
| 1983 | 1,967,556 | 39,210 | 14,391 | 24,819 | 19.9 | 7.3 | 12.6 | 2.40 | 506,960 |
| 1984 | 1,992,424 | 38,861 | 14,066 | 24,795 | 19.5 | 7.1 | 12.4 | 2.35 | 510,613 |
| 1985 | 2,016,942 | 38,722 | 14,408 | 24,314 | 19.2 | 7.1 | 12.1 | 2.32 | 516,227 |
| 1986 | 2,041,064 | 38,234 | 14,438 | 23,796 | 18.7 | 7.1 | 11.7 | 2.27 | 521,106 |
| 1987 | 2,065,005 | 38,572 | 14,644 | 23,928 | 18.7 | 7.1 | 11.6 | 2.27 | 529,021 |
| 1988 | 2,088,651 | 37,879 | 14,565 | 23,314 | 18.1 | 7.0 | 11.2 | 2.22 | 530,321 |
| 1989 | 2,070,912 | 35,927 | 14,592 | 21,335 | 17.3 | 7.0 | 10.3 | 2.09 | 538,168 |
| 1990 | 2,053,172 | 35,401 | 14,643 | 20,758 | 17.2 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 2.06 | 547,749 |
| 1991 | 2,035,433 | 34,830 | 14,789 | 20,041 | 17.1 | 7.3 | 9.8 | 2.30 | 512,254 |
| 1992 | 2,017,694 | 33,238 | 16,022 | 17,216 | 16.5 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 2.20 | 507,710 |
| 1993 | 1,999,955 | 32,374 | 15,591 | 16,783 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 2.15 | 503,163 |
| 1994 | 1,982,215 | 31,421 | 15,771 | 15,650 | 15.9 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 2.14 | 498,620 |
| 1995 | 1,964,476 | 29,886 | 16,338 | 13,548 | 15.2 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 2.07 | 505,335 |
| 1996 | 1,981,543 | 28,946 | 16,063 | 12,883 | 14.6 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 1.94 | 511,960 |
| 1997 | 1,996,869 | 26,830 | 16,596 | 10,234 | 13.4 | 8.3 | 5.1 | 1.73 | 517,392 |
| 1998 | 2,007,523 | 26,639 | 16,870 | 9,769 | 13.3 | 8.4 | 4.9 | 1.72 | 520,862 |
| 1999 | 2,017,142 | 24,963 | 16,789 | 8,174 | 12.4 | 8.3 | 4.1 | 1.63 | 523,687 |
| 2000 | 2,026,350 | 26,168 | 17,253 | 8,915 | 12.9 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 1.74 | 526,563 |
| 2001 | 2,034,882 | 24,183 | 16,919 | 7,264 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 1.54 | 529,374 |
| 2002 | 2,020,157 | 24,154 | 17,962 | 6,192 | 12.0 | 8.9 | 3.1 | 1.57 | 526,937 |
| 2003 | 2,026,773 | 23,596 | 18,006 | 5,590 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.4 | 1.50 | 524,156 |
| 2004 | 2,032,544 | 23,361 | 17,944 | 5,417 | 11.5 | 8.8 | 2.7 | 1.52 | 525,682 |
| 2005 | 2,036,855 | 22,482 | 18,406 | 4,076 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 2.0 | 1.46 | 526,456 |
| 2006 | 2,040,228 | 22,585 | 18,630 | 3,955 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 1.9 | 1.46 | 527,410 |
| 2007 | 2,043,559 | 22,688 | 19,594 | 3,094 | 11.1 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 1.46 | 528,413 |
| 2008 | 2,046,898 | 22,945 | 18,982 | 3,963 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 1.9 | 1.47 | 528,842 |
| 2009 | 2,050,671 | 23,684 | 19,060 | 4,624 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 2.3 | 1.52 | 528,674 |
| 2010 | 2,055,004 | 24,296 | 19,113 | 5,183 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 2.5 | 1.56 | 527,743 |
| 2011 | 2,058,539 | 22,770 | 19,465 | 3,305 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 1.6 | 1.46 | 526,437 |
| 2012 | 2,061,044 | 23,568 | 20,134 | 3,434 | 11.4 | 9.8 | 1.7 | 1.51 | 525,092 |
| 2013 | 2,064,032 | 23,138 | 19,208 | 3,930 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 1.9 | 1.49 | 523,099 |
| 2014 | 2,067,471 | 23,596 | 19,718 | 3,878 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 1.9 | 1.53 | 520,072 |
| 2015 | 2,070,226 | 23,075 | 20,461 | 2,614 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 1.3 | 1.50 | 516,830 |
| 2016 | 2,072,490 | 23,002 | 20,421 | 2,581 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 1.2 | 1.51 | 513,990 |
| 2017 | 2,074,502 | 21,754 | 20,318 | 1,436 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 1.44 | 510,786 |
| 2018 | 2,076,217 | 21,333 | 19,727 | 1,606 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 1.43 | 507,275 |
| 2019 | 2,076,694 | 19,845 | 20,446 | -601 | 9.6 | 9.8 | -0.3 | 1.34 | 503,623 |
| 2020 | | 19,031 | 25,755 | -6,724 | | | | | |
| | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
| Total 1950-2019 | | 2,461,593 | 1,113,567 | 1,348,026 | 1360.1 | 615.3 | 744.8 | | |
| Average 1950-2019 | 1,809,849 | 35,166 | 15,908 | 19,258 | 19.4 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 2.50 | 457,738 |

### Gitanos

La Década para la inclusión gitana es una iniciativa para mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas y la inclusión social de las minorías de gitanos en los siete países participantes son Bulgaria, Croacia, la República Checa, Eslovaquia, Hungría, Macedonia del Norte, Rumania, Serbia y Montenegro. Todos esos países tienen una minoría significativa de gitanos, la cual generalmente se encuentra en desventaja social y económica. La iniciativa fue lanzada en 2005 y representa un esfuerzo multinacional que deberá durar hasta 2015.

La composición étnica actual es la siguiente:

* Europeos: 93.0% (Macedonios eslavos 64,2% + albaneses 28,8%)
* Asiáticos: 3,9% (mayoría de Turcos)
* Gitanos: 2,7%
* Otros: 0,4%

### Emigración

El pueblo eslavo de macedonia ha emigrado a otros sitios del mundo, principalmente el continente americano. Una comunidad importante se encuentra en Estados Unidos, y fomenta el uso de los símbolos nacionales del sol de vergina, como identificación nacional. En el Río de la Plata, principalmente en las capitales de Buenos Aires y Montevideo, hay imperceptibles comunidades de macedonios griegos y eslavos.

